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CFA franc ( sefar yammaci Afirka)
0
3839
559325
382940
2024-12-19T02:29:45Z
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{{Databox}}
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Sefar yammacin Afrika (ha)'''</big></big>
|+<font size="+1">'''franc CFA'''</font>
|-
| style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 |
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|-
| '''Sefa Dubu da Sefa Dubu biyar'''
|-
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|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:CFA Franc map.svg|300px]]
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="290px" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+
| style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" |
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|
|}
|-
| [['''ƙasashen da ke Anfani da Sefa''']]
| [[]]
|-
|
|}
|}
[[File:Deux_mille_francs_CFA.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Deux mille francs CFA]]
Sefa ta yammacin Afrika a faransance, Franc CFA dai Suffar kudi ce waɗanda ake anfani da su a wasu kasashe na Afrika ta yamma. Kudi ne wadan darajar su danganta ne da darajar kudaden Turai na [[Euro]]. Duk wanni hukunci wanda ya danganci Sefa dai ana daukar shi tare da izinin bankin Faransa. Faransa dai ita ce ta reni kasashen mulkin mallaka da ta tayi masu na tsawon shekaru da shekaru. Alkalunmai sun nuna cewar a da darajar Sefar Yammacin afrika ta fi darajar Sefar Faransa ama ita faransar tayi almundahana ta rage darajar ta Sefar. Wasu ƙasashen suna tunanin buda Babban Banki nasu na kansu. Tare da samun 'yancin kai da tsoffin mallaka suka yi a shekarun 1960, an kiyaye shi, amma an fara rarraba shi azaman Ƙungiyar Kuɗi ta Afirka a cikin yanayin ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma ko haɗin gwiwar hada-hadar kuɗi a Afirka ta tsakiya. Afirka ta Tsakiya) a cikin yanayin ƙasashen Afirka ta Tsakiya.
[[Category:Afirka|*]]
[[Category:Kudi|*]]
rtai0ben1kdnhf0cq4h95ct9a37cmcp
Qom
0
7616
559247
492981
2024-12-18T16:15:00Z
Abdulrahman tahir shika
24962
Nayi gyara
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{{databox}}
[[File:QomView3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Qom.]]
[[Fayil:Roof of the qom grand bazaar, qom, iran.jpg|thumb|qom]]
'''Qom''' ko '''Kom''' (da Farsi: قم) birni ne, da ke a yankin Qom, a ƙasar [[Iran]]. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar ta 2016, Qom tana da yawan jama'a 1,201,158. An gina birnin Qom kafin karni na biyu kafin haihuwar Annabi Issa.
==Hotuna==
<gallery>
File:Qom_(18).jpg|Qom
File:OldQom.jpg|Tsohon birnin Qom
File:Irib-qom.JPG|Qom
File:Iran.qom.jpg|Qom Iran
File:Iran-Qom_12.jpg|Qom, Iran
File:Ghorob_Qom_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%82%D9%85.jpg|Ghorob Qom
File:3_Urban_design_of_Qom_metropolis_in_2007_Photo_By_Mostafa_Meraji_05.jpg
File:Qom_City_12.jpg|Birnin Qom
</gallery>
==Manazarta==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Qom}}
[[Category:Biranen Iran]]
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Idi Amin
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9893
559327
557280
2024-12-19T05:06:31Z
CommonsDelinker
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Removing [[:c:File:Idi_Amin_Dada.jpg|Idi_Amin_Dada.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No license since 11 December 2024.
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[[File:Idi_Amin_and_Mobutu.jpeg|thumb|Idi]]
[[File:Idi Amin - Entebbe 1966-06-12.jpg|thumb|Hoton Idi Amin]]
[[File:Idi_Amin_at_UN_(United_Nations,_New_York)_gtfy.00132.jpg |thumb|Ido Amin ]]
'''Idi Amin Dada Oumee''' (furucci|'|iː|di|_|ɑː|'|miːn; an haife shi 16 ga watan Augusta shekarar 2003) yakasance Dan'siyasan kasar [[Uganda]] ne kuma babban hafsan soja. Yazama [[Shugaban kasar Uganda]] daga shekarar 1971 zuwa 1979, mulkin ya samu suka dalilin irin yadda ya kunktata wa al'ummar kasar sa.
An haife Amin a [[Koboko]] ko a [[Kampala]] a gidan mahaifinsa mutumin [[Mutanen Kakwa|Kakwa]] da mahaifiyarsa ita kuma yar [[Mutanen Lugbara|Lugbara]] ce. A shekara ta 1946 ya shiga ''King's African Rifles'' (KAR) na sojojin mulkin mallakan Biritaniya. Da fari shi mai dafa abinci ne, inda yakaiga matsayin laftanar, yana daga cikin wadanda sukayi yaƙi a Somaliya ''Shifta War'' da kuma yan'ta'addan [[Mau Mau]] a [[Kenya]]. Bayan samun yancin Uganda daga United Kingdom a shekarar 1962, Amin yacigaba da kasancewa a ''Uganda People's Defense Force|armed forces'', har yakaiga amatsayin manjo, inda aka nadashi kommanda a 1965. Amin nada sanayyar cewa Shugaban Uganda [[Milton Obote]] na shirin kama shi, domin ya barnatar da kudaden soja, sai Amin ya kaddamar da Kuu ''1971 Ugandan coup d'état'' kuma ya tabbatar da kansa Shugaban kasa.
[[Fayil:Idi Amin and Mobutu.jpeg|thumb|Idi Amin]]
Lokacin mulkin sa, Amin ya canja mulkin sa daga danrajin mulkin kasashen yamma, da samun cikakken taimako daga kasar [[Israel]]a da taimakon da yasamu daga [[Muammar Gaddafi]], Shugaban kasar [[Zaire|Zaire's]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], kasar [[Soviet Union]], da [[Gabashin Germany]].<ref name=libya1>{{cite book | title=Africa Since 1800 | author=Roland Anthony Oliver, Anthony Atmore | page=272}}</ref><ref name=ussr1>{{cite book | title=Who influenced whom? | author=Dale C. Tatum | page=177}}</ref><ref name=gdr1>Gareth M. Winrow. ''The Foreign Policy of the GDR in Africa'', p. 141.</ref>
A 1975, Amin yazama chairman na [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU), wanda me kokarin kawo cigaba da hadin kai a kasashen Afirika.<ref name=Byword>{{cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_1390595,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605070641/http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/News/0%2C%2C2-11-1447_1390595%2C00.html |archivedate=5 June 2008 |title=Idi Amin: A Byword for Brutality |publisher=[[News24]] |date=21 July 2003 |accessdate=13 February 2012 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref> lokacinsa daga 1977–1979, Uganda takasance mamba a ''United Nations Commission on Human Rights''.<ref>{{cite web | last=Gershowitz | first=Suzanne | url=http://www.ypfp.org/the_last_king_of_scotland_idi_amin_and_the_united_nations | title=The Last King of Scotland, Idi Amin, and the United Nations | date=20 March 2007 | accessdate=8 August 2009 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606025442/http://www.ypfp.org/the_last_king_of_scotland_idi_amin_and_the_united_nations | archivedate=6 June 2009}}</ref> a shekara ta 1977, bayan UK ta yanke alaka tareda kasarsa ta Uganda, Amin ya bayyana cewar yasamu nasara cin kasar Britaniya da yaki kuma yafara amfani da "CBE", Wanda me nufin ''"Conqueror of the British Empire"'' wato wanda yasamu galabar daular Biritaniya, amatsayin lakabinsq. Sai gidan radiyon ''Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|Radio Uganda'' ta bayyana dukkanin lakabin da za'a rika kiransa dasu: "His Excellency President for Life, Field Marshal Alhaji Dr. Idi Amin Dada, VC, DSO, MC, CBE".<ref name="guardian_obit" />
Bayan Amin yacigaba da mulkin har 1970s, sai karin rashin yarda yacigaba da karuwa sanadiyar cutarwarsa da yarika nunawa wasu kabilu da yan'siyasan da basu goyon bayansa, tareda irin talaucin da kasar Uganda me ciki, da taimakawa yan ta'addan ''Operation Entebbe'', haka yasa kasar fadawa cikin rikici. Sanda Amin me shirin komawa [[Tanzania]] zuwa [[Yankin Kagera]] a shekarar 1978, sai Shugaban kasar Tanzania [[Julius Nyerere]] yatura mayakansa suka farma ''Uganda–Tanzania War|invade Uganda''; suka kowace birnin [[Kampala]] Dan tunbuke Amin daga mulki. Sai Amin yafice gudu kasar waje, da farko yasauka a [[Libya]] da kuma [[Saudiya]], inda yacigaba da rayuwa harsanda yarasu a 16 August 2003.
Ana danganta Mulkin Amin amatsayin wadda ke tattare da cinzarafin dan'adam ''human rights'', abuses, ''political repression'', ''ethnic persecution'', ''extrajudicial killing''s, ''nepotism'', ''political corruption|corruption'', da kuma gross ''Financial mismanagement|economic mismanagement''. Mutanen da aka kashe karkashin mulkin sa, ankiyasta cewar sunkai dubu Dari zuwa sama, daga nazarin ''international observers''<ref>{{cite journal | last=Ullman | first=Richard H. | title=Human Rights and Economic Power: The United States Versus Idi Amin | journal=[[Foreign Affairs]] | date=April 1978 | url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/uganda/1978-04-01/human-rights-and-economic-power-united-states-versus-idi-amin| accessdate=24 October 2018 | quote=The most conservative estimates by informed observers hold that President Idi Amin Dada and the terror squads operating under his loose direction have killed 100,000 Ugandans in the seven years he has held power.}}</ref> to 500,000.<ref name="guardian_obit">{{cite news | last=Keatley | first=Patrick | title=Obituary: Idi Amin | url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/aug/18/guardianobituaries | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=18 August 2003 | accessdate=18 March 2008 | location=London}}</ref>
== Farkon Rayuwarsa ==
== Shiga makarantar sojojin King's African Rifles ==
== Tasowa acikin sojojin Uganda ==
== Karbar mulki ==
== Shugabancin Kasa ==
'''Kirkira da jagoranci akan mulkin soja'''
'''Kisan wasu kabilu da kuma bangarorin siyasa'''
'''Alaka da kasashen waje'''
== Korarsa da kuma guduwa ==
== Rashin lapiyarsa da kuma mutuwa ==
== Yanuwansa da abokan arziki ==
==Dabi'a==
'''Sunayen lakabi'''
'''dabiu marar kyau, sunayen daya sakawa kansa, dakuma wadanda ya samu'''
== Abubuwan tunawa ==
== Al'ada sananna ==
== MAnazarci ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Amin,Idi}}
[[Category:'Yan siyasan Uganda]]
[[Category:Shugabannin Uganda]]
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Kate Garvey
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10444
559331
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2024-12-19T06:23:54Z
185.79.103.53
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Wikipedia is run by Jimmy Wales. His wife is a war criminal, Kate Garvey. She worked in the Tony Blair administration which was responsible for conservatively a 1/2 million Iraqi dead. If you are angry about the genocide in gaza. CEO Jimmy Wales can be the target of your rage.
Wikipedia itself is extremely libertarian, which has the same mindset as Jimmy Wales. So Wikipedia is very pro-war and very anti-worker. I have proposed here in Moscow a Wikipedia site that is more free speech. I have been working on this for years.
Article rescue squadron forever. User okip banned in 2010. Still editing after 20 years. Don't let the fascists on Wikipedia get you down.
Okip English Wikipedia
Anno1404 Fandom
Google MoscowAmerican or WhyDontRussiansSmile
Peaceful revolution through peaceful disruption.
{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Illinois- COOK County, Enumeration District 876, Sheet No. 6B - DPLA - 6e253685fe88dd6d67992e47c52fa8b9.jpg|thumb|takadda akan kate garvey]]
'''Kate Garvey''' takasance masu ce na [[huldar jama'a]] na kasar ingila kuma tsohuwar mai taimakawa tsohon [[Firayim Minista na United Kingdom|firayim Ministan Britaniya]] [[Tony Blair]]. Ta auri daya daga cikin wadanda suka kirkira Wikipedia wato [[Jimmy Wales]]. {{Stub}}
==Manazarta==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Garvey, Kate}}
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Sofiane Feghouli
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11221
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Maryamarh
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Gyara kalmomi da ƙa'iodojin rubutu
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[[File:Alg%C3%A9rie_-_Arm%C3%A9nie_-_20140531_-_Sofiane_Feghouli.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Sofiane Feghouli]]
[[Fayil:Algérie - Arménie - 20140531 - Sofiane Feghouli.jpg|thumb|Sofiane Feghouli]]
'''Sofiane Feghouli,''' ( {{Lang-ar|سفيان فيغولي}}; an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 1989), ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙafa ne]] wanda ke taka leda a kulob din Galatasaray na Süper Lig na Turkiyya da kuma tawagar 'yan wasan Aljeriya. Ya fi aiki a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na dama, amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin winger kuma a matsayin mai kai hari.
Feghouli ya fara bugawa [[Algeria from above|Algeria]] wasa a watan Fabrairun, shekarar 2012. Ya wakilci Algeria a shekarar 2013, 2015, 2019 da 2021 na gasar cin kofin [[Afirka|Afrika]] (na lashe gasar 2019), da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta [[FIFA]] 2014, inda ya ci wa [[Algeria, History and Civilization|Algeria]] kwallo ta farko a gasar tun shekarar alif 1986.
== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
An haifi Feghouli a Levallois-Perret iyayensa 'yan Aljeriya ne. Mahaifinsa dan Tiaret ne, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta fito daga Ghazaouet. Yana da 'yan uwa 4.
== Aikin kulob/ƙungiya ==
=== Grenoble ===
Feghouli ya fara aikinsa tare da Grenoble, bayan tawagar Faransa [[Paris Saint-Germain]] ta yanke shawarar kada ta shiga shi bayan gwaji. Domin kashi na ƙarshe na kakar shekarar 2006–2007, an haɓaka shi zuwa ƙungiyar farko kuma an ba shi riga mai lamba 33. Ya buga wasansa na farko da ake jira sosai, yana da shekaru 17, a kulob din a ranar 27 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 2007, a wasan Ligue 2 da Reims, ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa. Grenoble ya yi nasara da ci 1-0. Ya sake buga wasanni biyu a waccan kakar, gami da farkonsa na farko a ranar wasan karshe na kakar wasa da Montpellier a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2007. Montpellier ta ci wasan da ci 1-0 tare da Feghouli ya buga minti 56 kafin a fitar da shi. A ranar 31 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2007, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrun na farko tare da Grenoble, yana riƙe da shi a gefe har zuwa shekarar 2010.
A kakar wasa ta gaba, an ba shi rigar lamba 8 kuma, duk da kasancewarsa ɗan shekaru 17, an ba shi muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rukunin farko. Duk da matsin lambar da ake yi masa na "sabon [[Zinedine Yazid Zidane|Zidane]]", gudummawar da ya bayar ga 'yan wasan ya yi nasara, ya bayyana a wasanni 27 kuma ya zira kwallaye uku, yana taimaka wa Grenoble ya samu nasara a gasar Ligue 1. Burin aikinsa na farko ya zo ne a ranar 18 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 2008, a cikin nasara 4–3 a waje da Reims, kulob din da ya fuskanta a karon farko.
Feghouli ya dawo kakar 2009–2010, inda ya fara halarta a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2009, a cikin rashin nasara da ci 1–0 a hannun abokan hamayyar Rhône-Alpes Saint-Étienne. Bayan ya bayyana a cikin karin wasanni biyar, jami'an Grenoble sun gano cewa Feghouli ya tsaga maniscus a gwiwarsa ta dama. An yi nasarar yi wa gwiwar aikin tiyata a watan Oktoba. Bayan tiyatar, jami'an Grenoble, musamman Shugaba Pierre Wantiez, sun yi matukar sukar dan wasan. Wantiez tambaya Feghouli ta dogon jinkiri a dawo da tawagar da player ta muradi game da canja wuri kamar yadda Feghouli zai kasance daga kwangila a lokacin rani da aka riga magana da dama clubs, mafi musamman Mutanen Espanya kulob din Valencia. Wantiez ya danganta yunkurin Feghouli na baya-bayan nan da "mummunan shawara" daga wakilin dan wasan.
=== Valencia ===
[[File:Zenit-Valencia_(3).jpg|left|thumb|192x192px| Feghouli yana taka leda a Valencia CF a 2015]]
A ranar 20 ga watan May, shekarar 2010, Feghouli ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru hudu tare da Valencia CF. Ya fara buga gasar La Liga a ranar 25 ga watan.Satumba, inda ya maye gurbin Juan Mata a wasan da suka doke Sporting de Gijón da ci 2-0.
A ranar 28 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 2011, bayan bayyanar da hankali ga gefen Valencian, Feghouli an ba shi rance ga ƙungiyar UD Almería ta ƙwararrun, har zuwa watan Yuni. <ref>[http://www.marca.com/2011/01/28/futbol/equipos/almeria/1296242320.html Feghouli se va cedido al Almería hasta final de temporada (Feghouli goes on loan to Almería until the end of the season)]; Marca, 28 January 2011 {{In lang|es}}</ref> Ya bayyana akai-akai a Andalusians, duk da haka an sake su a karshen kakar wasa.
Bayan ya dawo daga Almería, kuma ya ci riba daga tafiyar Mata da Vicente, Feghouli ya zama dan wasa, kuma ya zira kwallayen sa na farko a ragar ''Los Che'' a ranar 29 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 2011, inda ya zura kwallo a ragar Getafe CF da ci 3-1 a gida. <ref>[http://www.marca.com/marcador/futbol/2011_12/primera/jornada_11/val_get/ Y de repente, Feghouli (And suddenly, Feghouli)]; Marca, 29 October 2011 {{In lang|es}}</ref> Kwallon da ya yi a Valencia a shekara ta 2012, ya ba shi kyautar gwarzon dan wasan Algeria guda biyu, Ballon d'Or na Algeria na Le Buteur da DZFoot d'Or .
A ranar 11 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 2016, kulob din ya dakatar da Feghouli a cikin rahotannin da ya ki shiga cikin wani dumi bayan nasarar 2-1 a gida a kan Sevilla a ranar da ta gabata. Har ila yau rahotanni sun ce bai yi atisaye ba a kwanakin baya.
Ya kawo ƙarshen aikinsa na Valencia da wasanni 202, inda ya zira kwallaye 31 kuma ya taimaka 40.
=== West Ham United ===
[[File:Feghouli_West_Ham.jpg|right|thumb|215x215px| Feghouli tare da West Ham United a 2017]]
A ranar 14 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 2016, an sanar da cewa Feghouli zai koma West Ham United a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2016, akan kwantiragin shekaru uku. Ya buga wasansa na farko a West Ham a ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, a wasan da suka doke NK Domžale da ci 2–1 a gasar cin kofin Turai ta Uku. Ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a mako mai zuwa a karawar da suka yi da Domžale, wasan farko da West Ham ta yi a filin wasa na Landan inda West Ham ta ci 3-0, inda ta kai ga wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Europa. Feghouli ya fara buga gasar Premier karon farko a wasan farko na West Ham a shekarar 2017, inda ya samu jan kati mai tsauri bayan mintuna 15 bayan ya kalubalanci [[Manchester United F.C.|dan wasan Manchester United]] Phil Jones a wasan da suka doke su da ci 2-0. Bayan daukaka kara kan katin da West Ham ta yi, an soke shi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairu.
=== Galatasaray ===
A watan Agusta shekara ta 2017, Feghouli ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyar tare da Galatasaray. Galatasaray ta biya West Ham kudi Yuro miliyan 4.25.
== Ayyukan kasa ==
=== Faransa ===
Feghouli ya cancanci buga wasa a duka Algeria da Faransa. Feghouli ya bayyana abin da ya fi so shi ne buga wa Faransa wasa kuma ya bayyana a cikin gungun matasa na Faransa da yawa. A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2008, kocin tawagar kasar Raymond Domenech ya zabi dan wasan don tunkarar tawagar da za ta buga da Uruguay. Duk da haka, manajan tawagar 'yan wasan kasar Algeria Rabah Saadane ya tuntubi Feghouli ta wayar tarho a kokarinsa na ganin dan wasan ya buga wa Algeria wasan sada zumunci da tawagar za ta yi da Mali ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba. Shima kyaftin din kungiyar Yazid Mansouri ya tuntubi dan wasan. <ref name="loranaise.com" />
=== Aljeriya ===
A ranar 25 ga watan Mayu 2011, an ba da rahoton cewa, yayin da yake kan aro a Almeria, Feghouli ya gana da Shugaban Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya Mohamed Raouraoua. Feghouli ya amince ya buga wa Algeria wasa kuma an gayyace shi zuwa wani sansanin atisaye da ake gudanarwa a Spain domin karawa da Morocco. Bai samu damar halartar zaman ba, amma motsin ya taba shi, inda ya amince ya samu halartar wasan Tanzaniya a maimakon haka.
A ranar 23 ga watan Oktoba, 2011, Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya ta sanar da cewa [[FIFA]] a hukumance ta amince da bukatar Feghouli na sauya sheka daga Faransa zuwa Algeria, kuma ya cancanci wakilcin Algeria a gasar kasa da kasa tun daga wannan ranar. Bayan kwana biyu, a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba, kocin Algeria Vahid Halilhodžić ya kira Feghouli don buga wasan sada zumunci da Tunisia da Kamaru a watan Nuwamba. <ref>[http://www.dzfoot.com/news-10130/en-31-joueurs-pour-le-stage-de-novembre/ EN: 31 joueurs pour le stage de Novembre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201204112/http://www.dzfoot.com/news-10130/en-31-joueurs-pour-le-stage-de-novembre/ |date=2014-02-01 }}; DZFoot.com, 25 October 2011.</ref>
A ranar 29 ga watan Fabrairun 2012, Feghouli ya fara buga wa tawagar 'yan wasan kasar Aljeriya a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Nahiyar Afirka da suka doke Gambia da ci 2-1, inda ya ci kwallon da ta yi nasara. A lokacin cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2014, ya zira kwallaye uku a raga a wasanni bakwai na ''Les Fennecs''. <ref name="fifa" />
A wasan farko na gasar cin kofin duniya na shekarar 2014, da tawagar kasar ta yi, da ci 2-1 a hannun Belgium a Belo Horizonte, Feghouli ya zura kwallo a bugun fenareti. – Algeria ta ci kwallon farko a gasar cin kofin duniya cikin shekaru 28. Abin mamaki an cire shi daga cikin 'yan wasan gasar cin kofin Afrika na 2017.
== Kididdigar sana'a ==
=== Kulob ===
{{Updated|match played 23 January 2022}}<ref name="soccerway">{{soccerway|sofiane-feghouli/39454|access-date=11 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/FootballFicheJoueur26839.html|title=Sofiane Feghouli|language=fr|publisher=[[L'Équipe]]|access-date=11 October 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan="2" |Club
! rowspan="2" |Season
! colspan="3" |League
! colspan="2" |National Cup
! colspan="2" |League Cup
! colspan="2" |Europe
! colspan="2" |Other
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan="5" |Grenoble
|2006–07
| rowspan="3" |Ligue 2
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
|3
|0
|-
|2007–08
|26
|3
|1
|0
|0
|0
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
|27
|3
|-
|2008–09
|26
|0
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
|28
|0
|-
|2009–10
|Ligue 1
|5
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
|6
|0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!60
!3
!3
!0
!1
!0
! colspan="2" |—
! colspan="2" |—
!64
!3
|-
| rowspan="7" |Valencia
|2010–11
| rowspan="6" |La Liga
|3
|0
|1
|1
| colspan="2" |—
|1
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|5
|1
|-
|2011–12
|30
|6
|6
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|13
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|49
|6
|-
|2012–13
|27
|3
|2
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|8<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UCL" />
|3
| colspan="2" |—
|37
|6
|-
|2013–14
|32
|4
|3
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|10
|3
| colspan="2" |—
|45
|7
|-
|2014–15
|33
|6
|0
|0
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
|33
|6
|-
|2015–16
|21
|1
|2
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|10
|4
| colspan="2" |—
|33
|5
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!146
!20
!14
!1
! colspan="2" |—
!42
!10
! colspan="2" |—
!202
!31
|-
|Almería (loan)
|2010–11
|La Liga
|9
|2
|1
|0
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
|10
|2
|-
|West Ham United
|2016–17
|Premier League
|21
|3
|1
|0
|3
|0
|2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UEL" />
|1
| colspan="2" |—
|27
|4
|-
| rowspan="6" |Galatasaray
|2017–18
| rowspan="5" |Süper Lig
|27
|6
|4
|1
| colspan="2" |—
|0
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|31
|7
|-
|2018–19
|29
|9
|5
|3
| colspan="2" |—
|5
|1
|1
|0
|40
|13
|-
|2019–20
|27
|6
|3
|1
| colspan="2" |—
|5<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UCL" />
|0
|1<ref group="lower-alpha" name="TSC" />
|0
|36
|7
|-
|2020–21
|22
|2
|0
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|3<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UEL" />
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|25
|2
|-
|2021–22
|16
|2
|0
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|8
|3
| colspan="2" |—
|24
|5
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!121
!25
!12
!5
! colspan="2" |—
!21
!4
!2
!0
!156
!34
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!357
!53
!31
!6
!4
!0
!66
!15
!2
!0
!458
!74
|}
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
=== Ƙasashen Duniya ===
{{Updated|match played 25 March 2022}}<ref name="NFT">{{cite web|title=Feghouli, Sofiane|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/45539/Sofiane_Feghouli.html|website=National Football Teams|access-date=21 August 2015}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Fitowa da burin tawagar ƙasa da shekara
! Tawagar kasa
! Shekara
! Aikace-aikace
! Buri
|-
| rowspan="11" | Aljeriya
| 2012
| 8
| 2
|-
| 2013
| 9
| 3
|-
| 2014
| 12
| 2
|-
| 2015
| 8
| 2
|-
| 2016
| 5
| 2
|-
| 2017
| 3
| 0
|-
| 2018
| 4
| 0
|-
| 2019
| 13
| 1
|-
| 2020
| 3
| 1
|-
| 2021
| 8
| 6
|-
| 2022
| 3
| 0
|-
! colspan="2" | Jimlar
! 76
! 19
|}
: ''Maki da sakamako ne aka jera adadin kwallayen da Aljeriya ta ci a farko, ginshikin maki ya nuna maki bayan kowacce kwallon Feghouli.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+List of international goals scored by Sofiane Feghouli
! scope="col" |No.
! scope="col" |Date
! scope="col" |Venue
! scope="col" |Opponent
! scope="col" |Score
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" |Competition
|-
| align="center" |1
|29 February 2012
|Independence Stadium, Bakau, Gambia
|{{fb|GAM}}
| align="center" |2–1
| align="center" |2–1
|2013 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
|-
| align="center" |2
|2 June 2012
|Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, [[Blida]], Algeria
|{{fb|RWA}}
| align="center" |1–0
| align="center" |4–0
|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| align="center" |3
|30 January 2013
|Royal Bafokeng Stadium, Phokeng, South Africa
|{{fb|CIV}}
| align="center" |1–0
| align="center" |2–2
|2013 Africa Cup of Nations
|-
| align="center" |4
|23 March 2013
|Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, Blida, Algeria
|{{fb|BEN}}
| align="center" |1–0
| align="center" |3–1
|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| align="center" |5
|12 October 2013
|Stade du 4 Août, [[Ouagadougou]], Burkina Faso
|{{fb|BFA}}
| align="center" |1–1
| align="center" |2–3
|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| align="center" |6
|7 June 2014
|Estádio Mineirão, Belo Horizante, Brazil
|{{fb|BEL}}
| align="center" |1–0
| align="center" |1–2
|2014 FIFA World Cup
|-
| align="center" |7
|15 November 2014
|Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, Blida, Algeria
|{{fb|ETH}}
| align="center" |1–1
| align="center" |3–1
|2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
|-
| align="center" |8
| rowspan="2" |30 March 2015
| rowspan="2" |Suheim Bin Hamad Stadium, [[Doha]], Qatar
| rowspan="2" |{{fb|OMA}}
| align="center" |2–0
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–1
| rowspan="2" |Friendly
|-
| align="center" |9
| align="center" |3–0
|-
| align="center" |10
| rowspan="2" |25 March 2016
| rowspan="2" |Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, Blida, Algeria
| rowspan="2" |{{fb|ETH}}
| align="center" |1–0
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |7–1
| rowspan="2" |2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
|-
| align="center" |11
| align="center" |3–0
|-
| align="center" |12
|11 July 2019
|Suez Stadium, Suez, Egypt
|{{fb|CIV}}
| align="center" |1–0
| align="center" |1–1 {{aet}}
|2019 Africa Cup of Nations
|-
| align="center" |13
|12 November 2020
|Stade du 5 Juillet, [[Aljir|Algiers]], Algeria
|{{fb|ZIM}}
| align="center" |2–0
| align="center" |3–1
|2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
|-
| align="center" |14
|29 March 2021
|Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, Blida, Algeria
|{{fb|BOT}}
| align="center" |2–0
| align="center" |5–0
|2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
|-
| align="center" |15
| rowspan="2" |3 June 2021
| rowspan="2" |Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, Blida, Algeria
| rowspan="2" |{{fb|MTN}}
| align="center" |1–0
| rowspan="2" align="center" |4–1
| rowspan="2" |Friendly
|-
| align="center" |16
| align="center" |2–1
|-
| align="center" |17
|7 September 2021
|Stade de Marrakech, [[Marrakesh]], Morocco
|{{fb|BFA}}
| align="center" |1–0
| align="center" |1–1
|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| align="center" |18
|12 November 2021
|Cairo International Stadium, [[Kairo|Cairo]], Egypt
|{{fb|DJI}}
| align="center" |3–0
| align="center" |4–0
|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| align="center" |19
|16 November 2021
|Mustapha Tchaker Stadium, Blida, Algeria
|{{fb|BFA}}
| align="center" |2–1
| align="center" |2–2
|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification
|}
== Girmamawa ==
'''Galatasaray'''
* Süper Lig : 2017 zuwa 2018, 2018 zuwa 2019,<ref name="tgr" />
* Kofin Turkiyya : 2018 zuwa 2019
* Gasar Cin Kofin Turkiyya : 2019
'''Aljeriya'''
* Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka : 2019
'''Mutum'''
* Kyautar LFP Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Afirka: 2014 zuwa 2015
* DZFoot d'Or : 2012{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2019}}
* Gwarzon dan wasan kwallon kafa na Aljeriya : 2012
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
== Mahadan Waje ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111030090124/http://www.valenciacf.com/contenidos/ElEquipo/Jugadores/Valencia/Feghouli.html?__locale=en Bayanan martaba na Valencia]
* [http://www.lfp.es/?tabid=113&Controltype=fju&cj=8316&d=1&t=111 La Liga profile]
* Sofiane Feghouli </img>
* Sofiane Feghouli </img>
* Sofiane Feghouli </img>
* [http://www.ciberche.net/histoche/jugadores/19?pid=817&show_all=1 Ƙididdigar Ciberche da bio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920201209/http://www.ciberche.net/histoche/jugadores/19?pid=817&show_all=1 |date=2020-09-20 }} {{In lang|es}}
* Sofiane Feghouli </img>
[[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Aljeriya]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
2bqr1s09b0txpv3vuk6xkl0cq44zmvi
Fiji
0
13953
559410
326632
2024-12-19T11:42:18Z
2409:40D4:1003:3B5A:8000:0:0:0
559410
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
[[File:Flag_of_Fiji.svg|thumb|right|250px|Tutar Fiji.]]
'''Fiji''' ko '''Jamhuriyar Fiji''' (da harshen,Fiji '''Viti'''; da harshen Fiji Hindi '''Fiji'''; da Turanci '''Republic of Fiji''') ƙasa,ce, da ke a [[Oseaniya]]. Babban birnin ƙasar Fiji itace [[Suva]]. Fiji tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba'i {{formatnum:18274}}. Fiji tana da yawan jama'a {{formatnum:926276}}, bisa ga jimilla a shekarar 2020. Akwai tsibirai dari uku da talatin a cikin ƙasar Fiji. Fiji ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 1970.
Daga shekara ta 2015, shugaban ƙasar Fiji [[Jioji Konrote]] ne. Firaiministan ƙasar Fiji shine [[Frank Bainimarama]] a shekara ta 2007.
<gallery>
File:Arts_Center,_Pacific_Harbour,_Fiji_-_panoramio.jpg|Arts Center, Pacific Harbour, Fiji
File:Suva,_Fiji_27.jpg|Suva, Fiji
File:Southern_Waterfront,_Suva.jpg|Southern Waterfron, Suva, Fiji
File:Suva,_Fiji_52.jpg|Suva, Fiji
File:Votua_Lalai_Village_13.jpg|Votua Lalai Village, Fiji
File:A_group_of_Fijians_at_Levuka_(5954216422).jpg|A group of Fijians at Levuka
</gallery>
== List of presidents of Fiji (1867–present) ==
{| class="wikitable style="
!#
!'''Portrait'''
!Name
'''(Birth–Death)'''
! colspan="2" |Term of office
!'''Political Party'''
|-
|1
|
|[[Seru Epenisa Cakobau]]
|2 May 1867
|1867
|President of the General Assembly
|-
|2
|
|[[Qoleanavanua]]
|1867
|1869
|Chieftains Supreme
|-
|3
|
|[[Enele Ma'afu'otu'itoga]]
|1869
|1869
|Chieftains Supreme
|-
|4
|
|[[Seru Epenisa Cakobau]]
|1869
|5 June 1871
|
|-
|5
|
|[[Sydney Burt|'''Sydney C. Burt''']]
|5 June 1871
|18 May 1872
|
|-
|6
|
|'''[[George Austin Woods]]'''
|18 May 1872
|23 March 1874
|
|-
|7
|
|[[John Bates Thurston]]
|23 March 1874
|10 October 1874
|
|-
|8
|
|[[Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead|'''Sir Hercules Robinson''']]
{{small|(1824–1897)}}
|10 October 1874
|June 1875
|
|-
|9
|
|[[Arthur Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Baron Stanmore|'''Sir Arthur Hamilton-Gordon''']]
{{small|(1829–1912)}}
|19 August 1875
|1880
|
|-
|10
|
|[[William Des Vœux|'''Sir William Des Vœux''']]
{{small|(1834–1909)}}
|20 December 1880
|21 January 1885
|
|-
|11
|
|[[John Bates Thurston]]
{{small|(1836–1897)}}
|21 January 1885
|1 January 1887
|
|-
|12
|
|[[Charles Mitchell (governor)|'''Sir Charles Mitchell''']]
{{small|(1836–1899)}}
|1 January 1887
|February 1888
|
|-
|13
|
|[[John Bates Thurston|'''Sir John Bates Thurston''']]
{{small|(1836–1897)}}
|February 1888
|7 February 1897
|
|-
|14
|
|[[George Thomas Michael O'Brien|'''Sir George T. M. O'Brien''']]
{{small|(1844–1906)}}
|March 1897
|1901
|
|-
|15
|
|[[William Allardyce|Sir William Allardyce]]
{{small|(1861–1930)}}
|1901
|10 September 1902
|
|-
|16
|
|[[Henry Moore Jackson|'''Sir Henry Jackson''']]
{{small|(1849–1908)}}
|10 September 1902
|11 October 1904
|
|-
|17
|
|[[Everard im Thurn|'''Sir Everard im Thurn''']]
{{small|(1852–1932)}}
|11 October 1904
|1910
|
|-
|18
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Charles Henry Major|Sir Charles Major]]
{{small|(1860–1933)}}
| rowspan="2" |1910
| rowspan="2" |21 February 1911
|
|-
|19
|
|-
|20
|
|[[Francis Henry May|'''Sir Francis May''']]
{{small|(1860–1922)}}
|21 February 1911
|25 July 1912
|
|-
|21
|
|[[Ernest Bickham Sweet-Escott|'''Sir Ernest Sweet-Escott''']]
{{small|(1857–1941)}}
|25 July 1912
|10 October 1915
|
|-
|22
|
|[[Eyre Hutson (politician)|Sir Eyre Hutson]]
{{small|(1864–1936)}}
|1915
|1916
|
|-
|23
|
|[[Cecil Hunter-Rodwell|'''Sir Cecil Hunter-Rodwell''']]
{{small|(1874–1953)}}
|10 October 1916
|1919
|
|-
|24
|
|[[Eyre Hutson (politician)|Sir Eyre Hutson]]
{{small|(1864–1936)}}
|1919
|1919
|
|-
|25
|
|Sir Cecil Hunter-Rodwell
|1919
|1925
|
|-
|26
|
|[[Eyre Hutson (politician)|'''Sir Eyre Hutson''']]
{{small|(1864–1936)}}
|25 April 1925
|22 November 1929
|
|-
|27
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Murchison Fletcher|'''Sir Murchison Fletcher''']]
{{small|(1878–1954)}}
| rowspan="2" |22 November 1929
| rowspan="2" |May 1936
|
|-
|28
|
|
|-
|29
|
|[[Cecil Barton|Sir Cecil Barton]]
{{small|(1891–1980)}}
|May 1936
|November 1936
|
|-
|30
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Arthur Richards, 1st Baron Milverton|'''Sir Arthur Richards''']]
{{small|(1885–1978)}}
| rowspan="2" |28 November 1936
| rowspan="2" |August 1938
|
|-
|31
|
|
|-
|32
|
|[[Cecil Barton|Sir Cecil Barton]]
{{small|(1891–1980)}}
|August 1938
|September 1938
|
|-
|33
|
|[[Harry Luke|'''Sir Harry Luke''']]
{{small|(1884–1969)}}
|16 September 1938
|21 July 1942
|
|-
|34
|
|[[Philip Euen Mitchell|'''Sir Philip Mitchell''']]
{{small|(1890–1964)}}
|21 July 1942
|12 January 1944
|
|-
|35
|
|[[John Rankine (governor)|Sir John Rankine]]
{{small|(1907–1987)}}
|12 January 1944
|4 May 1944
|
|-
|36
|
|[[John Fearns Nicoll|Sir John Nicoll]]
{{small|(1899–1981)}}
|4 May 1944
|23 October 1944
|
|-
|37
|
|[[John Rankine (governor)|Sir John Rankine]]
{{small|(1907–1987)}}
|23 October 1944
|1 January 1945
|
|-
|38
|
|[[Alexander Grantham|'''Sir Alexander Grantham''']]
{{small|(1899–1978)}}
|1 January 1945
|21 March 1947
|
|-
|39
|
|[[John Fearns Nicoll|Sir John Nicoll]]
{{small|(1899–1981)}}
|21 March 1947
|8 October 1947
|
|-
|40
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Brian Freeston|'''Sir Brian Freeston''']]
{{small|(1892–1958)}}
| rowspan="2" |8 October 1947
| rowspan="2" |6 October 1952
|
|-
|41
|
|
|-
|42
|
|[[Ronald Garvey|'''Sir Ronald Garvey''']]
{{small|(1903–1991)}}
|6 October 1952
|28 October 1958
|
|-
|43
|
|[[Kenneth Maddocks|'''Sir Kenneth Maddocks''']]
{{small|(1907–2001)}}
|28 October 1958
|6 January 1964
|
|-
|44
|
|[[Derek Jakeway|'''Sir Derek Jakeway''']]
{{small|(1915–1993)}}
|6 January 1964
|December 1968
|
|-
|45
|
|[[Robert Sidney Foster|'''Sir Robert Sidney Foster''']]
{{small|(1913–2005)}}
|December 1968
|10 October 1970
|
|-
|46
|
|[[Robert Sidney Foster|'''Sir Robert Sidney Foster''']]
{{small|(1913–2005)}}
|10 October 1970
|13 January 1973
|
|-
|47
|
|[[George Cakobau|'''Ratu Sir George Cakobau''']]
{{small|(1912–1989)}}
|13 January 1973
|12 February 1983
|
|-
!48
|
|'''[[D. J. Aitken]]'''
|1971
|1974
|
|-
!49
|
|'''[[Paul Manueli]]'''
|1974
|1979
|
|-
!50
|
|'''[[Ian Thorpes|Ian Thorpe]]'''
|1979
|1984
|
|-
|51
|
|[[Penaia Ganilau|'''Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau''']]
{{small|(1918–1993)}}
|12 February 1983
|6 October 1987
|
|-
!52
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Epeli Nailatikau]] (1941–)
|1984
|14 May
1987
|
|-
!53
|14 May 1987
|23 September
1987
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |54
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Sitiveni Rabuka]]
<small>(1948–)</small>
|23 September
1987
|7 October 1987
|
|-
|7 October 1987
|5 December 1987
|Military
|-
!55
|
|[[Penaia Ganilau]]
<small>(1918–1993)</small>
|5 December 1987
|15 December 1990
|Independent
|-
!56
|
|[[Josaia Tavaiqia]]
|1990
|1990
|
|-
!57
|
|[[Penaia Ganilau]]
|1990
|15 December 1993
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |58
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Kamisese Mara]]
<small>(1920–2004)</small>
|2 June 1992
|15 December 1993
|
|-
|15 December 1993
|18 January 1994
|Independent
|-
!59
|
|[[Inoke Takiveikata]]
|18 January 1994
|18 January 1994
|
|-
!60
|
|[[Kamisese Mara]]
<small>(1920–2004)</small>
|18 January 1994
|29 May 2000
|Independent
|-
!61
|
|[[Josefa Iloilo]]
<small>(1920–2011)</small>
|17 November 1997
|29 May 2000
|Independent
|-
!62
|
|[[Frank Bainimarama]]
<small>(1954–)</small>
|29 May 2000
|13 July 2000
|Military
|-
!63
|
|[[George Speight]]
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |29 May 2000 —25 March 2001
|
|-
!64
|
|[[Timoci Silatolu]]
|
|-
!65
|
|[[Shane Stevens]]
|
|-
!66
|
|[[Josefa Iloilo]]
<small>(1920–2011)</small>
|13 July 2000
|5 December 2006
|Independent
|-
!67
|
|[[Jope Seniloli]]
<small>(1939–2015)</small>
|25 March 2001
|29 November 2004
|Independent
|-
!68
|
|Jope Seniloli
|5 December 2006
|5 December 2006
|
|-
!70
|
|[[Joni Madraiwiwi]]
<small>(1957–2016)</small>
|15 December 2004
|5 December 2006
|Independent
|-
!71
|
|[[Frank Bainimarama]]
<small>(1954–)</small>
|5 December 2006
|4 January 2007
|Military
|-
!72
|
|[[Joni Madraiwiwi]]
|4 January 2007
|4 January 2007
|
|-
!73
|
|[[Josefa Iloilo]]
<small>(1920–2011)</small>
|4 January 2007
|30 July 2009
|Independent
|-
! rowspan="2" |74
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Epeli Nailatikau]] <small>(1941–)</small>
|17 April 2009
|30 July 2009
|Independent
|-
|5 November 2009
|12 November 2015
|Independent
|-
!75
|
|[[George Konrote]]
<small>(1947–)</small>
|12 November 2015
|2021
|Independent
|-
!76
|
|[[Anthony Gates]]
|4 January 2007
|8 April 2019
|
|-
!77
|
|[[Wiliame Katonivere]]
|2021
|2024
|Independent
|-
!78
|
|[[Kamal Kumar]]
|2023
|2023
|
|-
!79
|
|[[Lordship Salesi Temo]]
|2024
|2024
|
|-
!80
|
|[[Naiqama Lalabalavu]]
|2024
|—
|Independent
|}
== Manazarta ==
<references/>
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fiji}}
[[Category:Ƙasashen Oseaniya]]
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{{databox}}
[[File:A_group_of_women_from_the_Tiv_tribe_of_central_Nigeria_singing_at_the_Kwagh_Hir_festival.jpg |thumb| Gungun wasu mata 'yan ƙabilar Tiv dake tsakiyar Najeriya suna waka a wajen bikin Kwagh Hir]]
[[File:A_costume_parade_on_Fulani_tribe_and_Yoruba.jpg |thumb|Mata ƴan kabilar Fulani]]
'''Matsayin zamantakewar mata a [[Najeriya]]''' sun banbanta bisa lamuran addini, al'adu da kuma yanayin [[ƙasa]]. Matsayin mata ya fi zama ne a matsayin iyaye, yayye mata, ko kuma matan aure. Bugu da ƙari, matsayin mata ya dace da bambancin ƙabila da asalin addini, tare da matan [[Arewacin Najeriya]] waɗanda za a iya warewa a cikin gida, fiye da matan da ke Kudancin Najeriya, wadanda ke shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a. Ƙalubale zamani ga matan Najeriya sun haɗa da auren yara <ref name="girlsnotbrides.org">https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/child-marriage/nigeria/</ref> da kaciyar mata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.ACTI.FE.ZS|title=Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (Modeled ILO estimate) | Data}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Global Gender Gap Report 2022|url=https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2022.pdf|publisher=World Economic Forum|access-date=1 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|publisher=HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS|access-date=23 December 2022}}</ref>
== Matsalolin zamantakewa ==
=== Auren yara ===
Auren yara ƙanana ya zama ruwan dare a [[Najeriya]] musamman arewaci, inda kashi 43% na ƴan mata ke yin aure kafin su cika shekara 18, sannan kuma kashi 17% kafin su cika shekaru 15 <ref name="girlsnotbrides.org"/> Yaɗuwar, duk da haka, ya bambanta sosai da yanki. Adadin haihuwa na Najeriya shi ne yara 5.07 / mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html |access-date=2021-06-09 |archive-date=2009-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028133713/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawan haihuwa a Najeriya yana haifar da matsalolin zamantakewar tattalin arziƙi da kuma haifar da ci gaban ƙasa. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/nigeria-high-fertility-rate-fueling-underdevelopment-experts/</ref> <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/15/world/africa/in-nigeria-a-preview-of-an-overcrowded-planet.html</ref>
== Siyasa ==
=== Shiga cikin siyasa ===
Rahoton Ƙungiyar tattalin arziƙi ta [[duniya]] daga ɓangaren rahotanni na cike gurbi tsakanin jinsi na shekarar 2018 ya saka Najeriya a ƙasa ta 139 <sup>th</sup> daga cikin adadin kimanin 149 ƙasashe cikin sharuɗɗan jinsi rata a 'yan siyasa karfafawa'. A lokacin zaɓen Najeriya na shekara ta 2015, Najeriya na da mata 20 cikin 359 a ƙaramar majalisar ta (5.6%) da 7 cikin shekarar 109 a majalisar dattijai (6.4%). A zaɓen shekarar 2019 kaso 7.3% na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] da kashi 3.1% na Majalisar Wakilai mata ne. Babu wasu gwamnonin jihohi da suke mata. Babu wasu dokoki da aka aiwatar don inganta bambancin jinsi. A shekarar 2014, Cibiyar Raya Mata da Ba da Tallafi ta Mata (WARDC) da Asusun Kula da Matan Najeriya (NWTF) sun tsara “Yarjejeniyar Neman Matan Najeriya” da ta bukaci a samar da 35% na mata a cikin dukkan bangarorin gwamnati. Abubuwan da ke kawo cikas ga shigar mata cikin siyasa halaye ne daban-daban game da jinsi, mummunan ra'ayi game da mata a cikin jagoranci musamman, 'yan takarar mata galibi suna fama da tashin hankalin zaɓe, barazana ko maganganun ƙiyayya kuma jam'iyyun siyasa sun keɓe mata kawai, ba su da ƙarfin ƙarfafa sa hannu. Don taimakawa haɓaka yawan mata da ke aiki a cikin gwamnati, Asusun Amincewar Mata na Nijeriya (NWTF) yana amfani da Kuɗaɗe, hanyoyin sadarwa, jagoranci, horo don shugabanci, da shawarwari. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Mata da Ci Gaban Jama'a (MWASD) ce ke tallafawa, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Mata.<ref name="girlsnotbrides.org"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html |access-date=2021-06-09 |archive-date=2009-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028133713/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Ilimi ==
=== Kaciyar mata ===
Yanke al'aura na mata (wanda aka fi sani da kaciyar mata ) a Najeriya shi ne ya haifar da mafi yawan al'aurar mata (FGM / C) a duk duniya. Ana ɗaukar wannan dabi'a mai cutarwa ga 'yan mata da mata da kuma take Haƙƙin [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|ɗan Adam]] . FGM yana haifar da rashin haihuwa, mutuwar mata, cututtuka, da rasa jin daɗin jima'i.<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/nigeria-high-fertility-rate-fueling-underdevelopment-experts/</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/15/world/africa/in-nigeria-a-preview-of-an-overcrowded-planet.html</ref>
A cikin ƙasa, kashi 27% na matan Najeriya masu shekaru tsakanin 15 zuwa 49 an yi musu kaciya, tun daga shekarar 2012. A cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, yaɗuwar wannan ɗabi'a ta ragu da rabi a wasu sassan Najeriya. An ba da rahoton cewa kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na matan Najeriya sun ba da rahoton cewa sun taɓa fuskantar tashin hankali na abokan tarayya (IPV) kamar na shekarar 2013. Nazarin ya ci gaba da yaɗuwar IPV a yankuna huɗu na Yankin-siyasa na Najeriya ya nuna cewa Kudu maso Gabas na da 78.8%, Arewa na da 42%, Kudu ta Kudu na da 41%, kuma Kudu maso Yamma na da 29%.
=== Auren mace fiye da dayya ===
[[File:Nigeriapolygamy.png|thumb|270x270px| [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohi]] 12 da suka fi rinjaye a arewacin Najeriya inda auren mata fiye da ɗaya ya halatta.]]
12 daga cikin jihohin Najeriya 36 sun amince da auren mata fiye da ɗaya daidai yake da auren mata daya. Dukkanin jihohi goma sha biyu ana gudanar da su ne da Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] . Jihohin, waɗanda dukkansu ‘yan arewa ne, sun haɗa da jihohin [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Borno]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]], [[Kebbi]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Yobe]], da [[Zamfara]] wanda ke ba da damar mutum ya auri sama da mata ɗaya.<ref name="ggr">{{cite web|title=The Global Gender Gap Report 2018|url=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2018.pdf|publisher=World Economic Forum|pages=10–11}}</ref>
A wani wurin, duka al'adun Krista da na gargajiya a cikin ƙungiyoyin auren mata da yawa sun yarda da su ta hanyar [https://section27.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/09Manual.pdf al'adun gargajiya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625000538/https://section27.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/09Manual.pdf |date=2021-06-25 }} . Wadannan kungiyoyin kwadagon sun dogara ne kan rashin yin aure na farko, kamar yadda ake amfani da babbar hanyar masaniya, amma ko da a halin yanzu, ba kasafai ake gurfanar da maza a gaban babbar mace a Najeriya ba.
== Bambancin yanki ==
=== Arewacin Najeriya ===
A arewa, ayyuka da aka gabatar cikin sharuddan mata matsayi a cikin al'umma sun kasance yafi a sakamakon mulkin mallaka da kuma gabatarwar [[Salafiyya|salafanci]] da [[Wahabiyanci|wahhabiyanci]] da tunanin su a cikin al'ada sufistregion . Wannan tsari yana nufin, gabaɗaya, ƙarancin ilimi na yau da kullun; auren wuri na samari, musamman a yankunan karkara; da tsare mutane a cikin gida, wanda galibi ba shi da addini, sai dai ziyarar dangi, shagulgula, da wuraren aiki, idan akwai aikin yi kuma dangi ko mijinta sun yarda da hakan. A mafi yawan lokuta, [[Hausawa|matan Hausawa]] ba sa aiki a gona, yayin da [[Mutanen Kanuri|matan Kanuri ke]] yi; dukkansu sun taimaka da girbi kuma suna da alhakin duk aikin sarrafa abinci na gida .
Matan birni suna siyar dafaffun abinci, galibi ta hanyar aika ƴan mata talla akan tituna ko aiki da ƙaramin matsugunni. Bincike ya nuna cewa wannan al'adar tana daga cikin manyan dalilan da matan birni ke bayarwa don adawa da karatun yara mata. Ko da a cikin fitattun gidaje tare da mata masu ilimi, kasancewar mata a taron jama'a ko babu su ko kuma takura su. A ɓangaren zamani, wasu kaɗan daga mata suna bayyana a dukkan matakai a ofisoshi, bankuna, sabis na zamantakewar jama'a, aikin jinya, rediyo, talabijin, da kuma ƙwarewa, (koyarwa, injiniya, ƙirar muhalli, doka, kantin magani, magunguna, har ma da aikin gona da magungunan dabbobi. ).
Wannan yanayin ya samo asali ne daga makarantun sakandare na mata, kwalejojin malamai, kuma a cikin shekaru ta alif 1980 mata suna riƙe da kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na guraben jami'a — ninki biyu na na shekaru ta alif 1970. Bincike a cikin shekaru ta alif 1980 ya nuna cewa, ga musulmin arewa, ilimin da ya wuce makarantar firamare ya taƙaita ne ga 'ya'yan' yan kasuwa da kwararrun kwararru, kuma kusan a kowane hali, dangi ne suka zaɓi kwasa-kwasai da sana'oi, ba mace da kansu ba.
Koyaya, a cikin yawan shekarun nan, ƙimar aikin mata ya ƙaru kamar yadda aka ƙara wa mata aiki a ɓangaren zamani. Ka same su a matsayin masu karɓar kuɗi a bankuna, malamai a makarantun firamare da sakandare na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu, da masu jinya a asibitoci da kuma masu ɗaukar nauyin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban. Kodayake, batun mata ba sa samun manyan mukamai har yanzu yana ci gaba da kasancewa babban kalubale a duk fadin kasar da ma dukkan bangarorin saboda yawancin wadannan mukamai maza ne ke shagaltar da su da kananan dama na mata masu cancanta. Bugu da kari, samari mata da ke yanke shawara kan kwasa-kwasan da sana'o'in da za su zaba daga yanzu suna da 'yancin cin gashin kansu na yin hakan a wasu gidajen musamman a kudancin ƙasar. Koyaya, arewa tana baya a cikin waɗannan canje-canje bayyane saboda dokokin al'adu.
=== Kudancin Najeriya ===
[[File:62-Africa-Nigeria-Intersting_Shot_of_Girl_with_Basket_on_head_S.jpg|thumb| Wata 'yar Najeriya tana daidaita kayan kasuwa a kanta]]
A kudu, a al'adance mata suna da mahimman matsayi na tattalin arziki a kasuwancin dangi da kasuwanni, suna aiki a gonaki a matsayin manyan kafofin Ƙwadago, kuma suna da matsayi mai tasiri a tsarin gargajiya na ƙungiyar gida. Kudu, kamar arewa, ya kasance yana da polygynous; a cikin shekara ta alif 1990 har yanzu yana ga gidaje da yawa, gami da waɗanda ke da'awar [[Kiristanci]].<ref>https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.ACTI.FE.ZS</ref>
Mata a kudu, sun sami ilimi irin na yamma tun ƙarni na goma sha tara, don haka suka mallaki mukamai a cikin sana'oi kuma har zuwa siyasa. Bugu da ƙari, mata ne ke jagorantar gidaje, wani abu da ba a yi la’akari da shi sosai ba a cikin tsare-tsaren ci gaban [[Najeriya|Nijeriya.]] Irin waɗannan gidajen sun fi yawa a kudu, amma suna kan hauhawa ko'ina.
== Ganewa da hukumomi ==
Gabaɗaya, a cikin Nijeriya, tsarin ci gaba yana nufin "mazan da suka manyanta," "gidaje," ko "dangi". Mata sun kasance a cikin irin waɗannan rukunin amma ba a matsayin rukunin daban ba. Har zuwa 1980s, kalmar "manomi" ana ɗauka ta maza ce kawai, duk da cewa a wasu yankuna na ƙasa mata suna yin yawancin aikin gona. A al'adar Nijeriya, kusan kowane lokaci ana fassara mace a matsayin ɗiyar wani, matar sa, mahaifiyarsa, ko bazawara.
Ana zargin mata marasa aure, kodayake sun zama babban rukuni, musamman a biranen, saboda yawan sakin aure. A al'ada, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci wannan ya kasance gaskiya a cikin al'adun gargajiya, ana ganin matan da ba su da aure a matsayin abokan hulɗa na jima'i idan sun yi ƙoƙari don samun 'yanci kuma a matsayin waɗanda ke fama da sauƙi don cin zarafin tattalin arziki. A [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], alal misali, binciken da aka yi game da kwace filaye ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ya nuna cewa shugabannin kananan hukumomi da ke son sayar wa ga masu zagin birane da kuma manoma 'yan kasuwa, sun kwace gonakin mata kusan ba tsammani.
== Sanannu a Mata ==
=== Siyasa ===
* [[Amina J. Mohammed]] - Mataimakiyar Sakatare-Janar na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]]
* [[Gbemisola Ruqayyah Saraki]] - 'Yar siyasa kuma mai son taimakon jama'a
* [[Florence Ita Giwa]] - ‘Yar Siyasa
* [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] - Masaniyar Tattalin Arziki, Mace ta farko a Ministar Kudi
* [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]], mai fafutuka
* [[Dora Akunyili]] - Tsohuwar Ministan Yada Labarai da Sadarwa, Tsohuwar Darakta Janar, Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna da Kulawa (NAFDAC) ta Nijeriya.
* [[Kemi Adeosun]] - Ministan Kudi (Nuwamba 2015 - 2018)
* [[Beni Lar]], 'yar majalisar wakilan Najeriya kuma mai rajin kare hakykin mata
=== Kasuwanci ===
* [[Bilikiss Adebiyi Abiola]] - Babbar Shugaba ta Wecyclers
* [[Folorunso Alakija|Folorunsho Alakija]], 'Yar Kasuwa
* [[Bola Shagaya|Hajiya Bola Shagaya]] - 'Yar Kasuwa kuma Mai Kishin Kayan Zamani
* [[Sola David-Borha]], Babbar Jami'ar (Yankin Afirka) na Bankin Standard
=== Nishaɗi ===
* [[Agbani Darego]] - Misali da Kyawawan Sarauniya
* [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] - Marubuciya
* [[Chioma Chukwuka|Chioma Akotha]] - Jaruma da Fina-Finan fim
* [[Folake Coker]] - Mai tsara Zane, Daraktan kirkira na Tiffany Amber
* [[Funke Akindele]] - Jaruma
* [[Genevieve Nnaji]] - Jaruma
* [[Helen Paul]] - 'Yar wasan barkwanci
* [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] - Jaruma
* [[Kiki Mordi]] - 'Yar jarida da' yar jarida
* Aisha Salaudeen - 'Yar jaridar [[Aisha Salaudeen|gidan talabijin na Multimedia]]
* Krystal Okeke - Ms. Illinois USA Universal 2016 kuma wacce ta kirkiro Nunin Yara Na Yammacin Yammacin Yammacin Duniya da Sarauniyar kyau ta Miss Nation Nation
* Mercy Chinwo - [[Mercy Chinwo|Mawakiya, Marubuciya & Jaruma]]
* [[Onyinye Ough]], marubuci kuma mai fafutuka
* [[Osonye Tess Onwueme]] - Marubucin wasan kwaikwayo
* [[Mo Abudu]], mutuniyar yada labarai
* [[Tiwa Savage]] - Mai Nishadantarwa
* [[Ufuoma McDermott]] - Jaruma & Mafificin fim
* [[Yemi Alade]] - Mai nishadantarwa
=== Kimiyya ===
Masana kimiyya sun haɗa da:
* [[Ameyo Adadevoh]] - likitan Najeriya
* Farfesa [[Grace Alele-Williams]] - Masanin lissafi
* Francisca Nneka Okeke - Physicist
* Deborah Ajakaiye - Masana ilimin lissafi
* Olabisi Ugbebor - Masanin lissafi
* Adenike Osofisan - Masanin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta
* Folasade Ogunsola - Masaniyar Kimiyyar Likita
* Chinedum Peace Babalola - Likitan magunguna
* Lucy Jumeyi Ogbadu - Masanin Kimiyyar Microbiology
* Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi, Ph.D - Masanin ilimin
* Stella Ifeanyi Smith, Ph.D - Masanin Kimiyyar Halitta
== Manazarta ==
[[Category:MataMa]]
[[Category:Mata Yan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mata]]
[[Category:Mata a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Matan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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Wikipedia:Sabbin editoci
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Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin.
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|}
3647ajzu2v905tdm1kq57bs4uzcuzs5
Daddy Lumba
0
23679
559289
499803
2024-12-18T17:21:24Z
Smshika
14840
559289
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
[[File:Ko-Jo Cue.jpg|thumb|daddy lumba mawakin Ghana]]
'''Daddy Lumba,''' (an haife shi 29 Satumba 1964) mawaƙin Ghana ne. An haifi Lumba Charles Kwadwo Fosu a wani ƙauye da ake kira Nsuta Amangoase a gundumar Sekyere ta tsakiya, kusa da Mampong a Yankin Ashanti. Mutane da yawa sun ɗauke shi a matsayin babban mawaƙin Ghana na kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Effah|first=K.|date=2018-03-10|title=Lumba Tops All: 61 years of Ghana music, best artistes and songs of all time|url=https://yen.com.gh/107229-daddy-lumba-named-ghanas-greatest-musician-time.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-27|website=[[Yen.com.gh]]|language=en}}</ref>
Mahaifinsa, Owoahene Kwadwo Fosu, malami, ya mutu lokacin Lumba yana ƙarami. Mahaifiyarsa, Comfort Gyamfi, wacce aka fi sani da Ama Saah, ita ma malamar makaranta ce. Ta mutu a 2001 a Kumasi. Mutuwar ta ta kasance babban barna ga Lumba saboda a zahiri ita ce komai a gare shi. Yawancin waƙoƙin Daddy Lumba, waɗanda suka haɗa da ''"Anidasoɔ Wɔhɔ Ma Obiara", "Ohia Asɛm", "Ɛmmere Pa Bɛba", "Agya Bi Wua Agya Bi Tease"'', an sadaukar da ita gare ta.<ref name="Ghanaslayers.com 2018-07-27">{{Cite news|url=https://ghanaslayers.com/2018/07/27/daddy-lumba-full-biography-his-wife-children-albums-songs/|title=Daddy Lumba Full Biography: His Wife, Children, Albums, Songs|date=2018-07-27|work=GhanaSlayers.Com|access-date=2018-08-09|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809155245/https://ghanaslayers.com/2018/07/27/daddy-lumba-full-biography-his-wife-children-albums-songs/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Yana da aure da ’ya’ya goma.
== Aiki ==
Aikin kiɗa na Daddy Lumba ya faro tun yana ɗan shekara 16. a duniya Shi ne jagoran ƙungiyar mawaƙan Sakandaren Juaben daga 1983 zuwa 1984 inda Christabel ya kasance malamin kiɗa kuma ya kammala a 1985. A Juaben SHS, Lumba ya kafa ƙungiyar Lumba Brothers tare da abokansa Yaw da Kwabena da budurwa, Theresa Abebrese.
Bayan makaranta, tare da taimakon budurwarsa Theresa, Lumba ya yi tattaki zuwa Jamus don neman filayen kiwo.
A Jamus, ya sadu da Ernest Nana Acheampong. Nana ta riga ta kafa ƙungiya mai suna mafarkai na magana tare da fararen fata. Iyakar abin da Lumba ya sani a lokacin shine kiɗan bishara, kuma ya yaba wa Nana Acheampong don gabatar da shi ga kiɗan manyan mutane.
Sun kafa wata ƙungiya mai suna Lumba Brothers, sunan ɗaya da ƙungiyarsa ta farko lokacin yana Juaben SHS.
Ma'auratan sun shirya fitar da wani kundin waƙa a shekarar 1986 amma saboda matsalolin kuɗi, an fitar da kundin a shekarar 1989 tare da taimakon matar Lumba, Akosua Serwaa, wacce ta fitar da kundin. Sunan kundin shine ''Yɛɛyɛ Aka Akwantuo Mu''.
Daddy Lumba, gaba ɗaya, ya fitar da kundi 33.<ref name="Ghanaslayers.com 2018-07-27"/> Albam ɗin sun haɗa da waɗanda aka yaba sosai kamar su ''Aben Wɔha, Awosuɔ, Obi Ate Me So Buɔ, Sika Asɛm'' da ''Ebi Se Ɛyɛ Aduro.''
A halin yanzu yana shirye -shiryen faifai na kundi na 34, mai taken ''Nnipa Fon Na Ɛka Nsɛm Fon''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/kumasi-readies-for-daddy-lumba-live-in-concert/|title=Kumasi Readies For Daddy Lumba Live In Concert - NYDJ Live|last=Donkoh|first=Ebenezer|website=www.nydjlive.com|language=en-GB|date=22 December 2017|access-date=2018-08-09}}</ref>
Ya kasance mai daidaituwa tare da fitar da waƙoƙin da aka buga da yawa tun daga lokacin kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran mawaƙan Ghana.
Ya gabatar da mawaƙin soyayya na gaba, Ofori Amponsah, ta hanyar faifan waƙoƙin sa Woho Kyere (1999). Haɗin Daddy Lumba a cikin 1999 tare da tauraruwar da ta taso ya samar da buga biyar kuma ya harbi Ofori Amponsah a cikin mashahuri. Gabaɗaya ya haɓaka ayyukan mawaƙa daban -daban na ƙasar Ghana 13.
A shekarar 1999, ya lashe kyaututtuka uku da suka haɗa da Best Album, Artist of the Year da kuma Mafi shaharar Waƙar Shekara a Gasar Kiɗan Ghana. Kafin shekara ta 2002, Daddy Lumba yana fitowa kowace shekara tare da kundin kiɗan.<ref name="gw48">[http://www.leakxgh.com/2009/12/daddy-lumba-storms-berekum.html "Daddy Lumba Storms Berekum"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406225832/http://www.leakxgh.com/2009/12/daddy-lumba-storms-berekum.html|date=6 April 2018}}, LeakxGH, 17 December 2009.</ref>
Ayyukansa na solo ba su da rigima; lokaci guda zai saki faifan bishara kuma na gaba zai girgiza mutane da waƙoƙin sa na tsokana da bidiyon kiɗa. Ya kuma fuskanci tuhuma da zubar da fata.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/music/28857/daddy-lumba-we-love-you-and-your-music-but-this-bleaching.html|title=Daddy Lumba: We Love You And Your Music, But This Bleaching Must Stop|last=Dokosi|first=Michael Eli|work=Modern Ghana|date=6 January 2015|access-date=2018-08-09|language=en-gb}}</ref> Amma duk da haka ya musanta zubar da fata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Daddy-Lumba-not-happy-with-Bukom-Banku-over-bleaching-comment-594635|title=Daddy Lumba not happy with Bukom Banku over bleaching comment|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|date=27 October 2017|access-date=2018-08-09}}</ref>
Yana da nasa ɗakin studio inda yake yin duk ayyukan sa kuma yana da injinan ƙwarewa, kwafin kaset, ɗorawa, bugawa da ƙuntatawa na musamman don ayyukan sa. Kiɗansa ya ɓullo cikin shekaru da yawa don nuna canje -canjen ɗanɗano da buƙatun kiɗa; a halin yanzu ana iya bayyana shi a matsayin mai fasahar zamani ta zamani. Daddy Lumba ya lashe lambar yabo ta kiɗan Ghana da dama da sauran kyaututtuka masu kyau kuma yana ci gaba da jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi.
Yawancin waƙoƙinsa sun samu goyon bayan mawaƙiyar mata Yvonne Ohene Djan, wacce aka fi sani da SHE.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wiredu|first=Nana Yaw|date=7 March 2012|title=Renowned Female Singer ''SHE'' voices out the list of songs in her bag|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/17468/renowned-female-singr-she-voice-out-the-list.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref>
== Zaɓaɓɓen binciken ==
* ''Yereye Aka Akwantuo Mu (da Nana Acheampong)'' (1989)
* ''Obi Ate Meso Bo'' (1990)
* ''Sika Asem as Lumba Brothers (da Nana Acheampong)'' (1991)
* ''Vida da Felix Owusu'' (1992)
* ''The Very Best Of Daddy Lumba Vol. 1'' (1994)
* ''Playboy'' (1995)
* ''Biribi gyegye wo'' (1995)
* ''Mesom Jesus'' (1995)
* ''Hwan na Otene da Akua Serwaa Bonsu'' (1996)
* ''Sesee Wo Se'' (1997)
* ''Ebi se ɛyɛ aduro'' (1998)
* ''Aben waha'' (1998)
* ''Woho kyere da Ofori Amponsah'' (1999)
* ''Back for Good'' (1999)
* ''Aseɛ ho (da Borax)'' (2000)
* ''Mato Odo mu'' (2000)
* ''Poison'' (2001)
* ''Mɛma afa wo tirim'' (2002)
* ''Bubra'' (2003)
* ''Pa Ntoma (da Borax)'' (2004)
* ''Ahenfo Kyinye da Pat Thomas'' (2004)
* ''Area Boy'' (2005)
* ''Give peace a chance'' (2005)
* ''Tokrom'' (2006)
* ''Agenda'' (2007)
* ''Sika'' (2008)
* ''Aware Pa Ye Anibre'' (2009)
* ''Kohye Po'' (2011)
* ''Awoso'' (2014)
* ''Ye Nea Woho Beto Wo'' (2014)
* ''Hosanna with Great Ampong'' (2015)
* ''Enko den'' (2016
== Kyaututtuka ==
* A ranar 18 ga Agusta 2018, an ba shi lambar yabo ta "Icon/Legend of Entertainment" a Gwarzon Maza na Shekara na Afirka (EMY Award).
* Kyaututtukan kiɗan Ghana na 2000 - Mawaƙin Shekara, Mafi kyawun Album na Shekara, Shahararran Waƙar Shekara
* Kyautukan Kiɗan Gana na 2003 - Mawaƙin Maɗaukaki na Zamani, Waƙar Highlife na Zamani, Album Highlife na zamani
== Manazarta ==
7zayvqfk3kaa3gminlqj4zipnv0v00u
Sunayen gargajiya a kasar hausa
0
28977
559328
556516
2024-12-19T05:12:48Z
Hamza DK
12444
559328
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[Fayil:Flag of the Hausa people.svg|thumb|Tambarin Hausawa]]
'''Sunayen Gargajiya na Al'adar Hausa''' kamar yadda aka sani Hausa yare ne me cike da al'adu masu ɗibbin yawa.Bayan [[Sunan Rana]],akwai wasu sunaye da ake amfani dasu wajen yin laƙabi da su.
A wannan muƙalar,zamu yi bayani ne akan wasu sanannun sunaye da dalilin da yasa ake laƙabi da su. Wadannan sunayen aka saka su ne sabida wasu dalilai kamar yadda haihuwar ta kasance,a yanayin da akayi haihuwar,abinda akeyi,
# '''Ƴanbiyu''' wannan laƙabi ne da akeyi wa wanda aka haifa su biyu wato tagwaye .
# '''Gambo''' Shine ko itace wanda aka haifa bayan an haifa ƴanbiyu.
# '''Kadarko''' Shine wanda aka haifa bayan an haifi Gambo
# '''Talle''' wanda mahaifiyar sa ta mutu yana jariri.
# '''Audi''' Shine wanda mahaifin shi ya rasu yana ciki.
# '''Mati ko Tanko''' Wadannan sune sunan da ake kiran wanda ya biyo mata a gurin mahaifiya.
# '''Gude ko Delu''' sune sunayen wanda ake kiran wacce ta biyo maza jerin haihuwa.
# '''Barau Da Barauki''' Wannan suna,shine ake kiran mutumin da mahaifiyar shi ta hayayyafa amma duk suna mutuwa sai Shi ya rayu.Sannan idan mace ita ce '''Barauki'''
# '''Azumi/Ɗan azumi''' Shine sunan wanda ka haifa a watan [[Azumi]] [[Ramadan]].
# '''Goma/Gomandi''' suna ne da ake kiran wanda aka haifa na goma a jerin haihuwa.
# '''Anaruwa''' Wannan sunan shine sunan wanda aka haifa a ruwan sama.
# '''Sadau''' Wannan shine suna da ake kiran wanda aka haifa bayan aure ya mutu tsakanin mata da miji har tayi wani auren sannan ta fito ta aure tsohon mijin ta,sai aka haifi ɗa ,shi ake kira da sadau.
# '''Korau''' Shine wanda aka saki mahaifiyar shi ta haife shi a gidan mahaifinta.
# '''Shekarau''' Shine wanda sai da yakai watannin sha biyu,wato shekara a ciki kafin a haifeshi, a madadin wata tara.
# '''Dogara''' Shine sunan wanda an cire rai da samun haihuwar sa,sannan su a haifeshi.
# '''Bakwaini''' Shine mutumin da aka haifa bai kai wata tara na haihuwa ba, wanda bai fi wata bakwai ba.
# '''Cindo''' Shine sunan da ake kiran wanda aka haifa ta yatsu fiye da biyar ,ko na hannu ko kafa.
# '''Mati''' : akan kira mutum mati ne idan ya kasance an haife shi ne bayan an haifi mata ukku kafin a haifeshi
* Akwai wasu sunaye da dama wadanda ake kiran su da wata sigar ta daban, idan kaji an kira mutum da sunan to ba shine asalin sunan shi bane,misalan da zasu biyo baya zai nuni da asalin sunan da ake nufi.
# '''Garba''' Duk wanda kaji da wannan suna asalin suna shi '''Abubakar'''.
# '''Shehu''' duk mai wannan sunan asalin sunan shi ''' Usman
===Sunayen da Hausa ta Gada daga Musulunci===
Ba anan sunaye a kasar hausa ya tsaya ba akwai wasu sigogi da sunayen da dalilin musulunci ake sa su ,amma ana samun sauya suna zuwa wata siga. misali:
'''Sunan Annabawa'''
asali da gargajiya
#Adam - Ado
#Yusuf -Isihu
#Sulaiman -Sile,Sule
#Dauwud - Dauda
#Ilyas - Iliya
# Yakub -Yakubu
==Manazarta==
<ref>https://aminiya.ng/sunayen-hausawa-na-gargajiya-da-maanarsu/</ref>
[[category:Hausa]]
[[category: al'adu]]
[[category:Yarukan Najeriya]]
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{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[Fayil:Flag of the Hausa people.svg|thumb|Tambarin Hausawa]]
'''Sunayen Gargajiya na Al'adar Hausa''' kamar yadda aka sani Hausa yare ne me cike da al'adu masu ɗibbin yawa.Bayan [[Sunan Rana]],akwai wasu sunaye da ake amfani dasu wajen yin laƙabi da su.
A wannan muƙalar,zamu yi bayani ne akan wasu sanannun sunaye da dalilin da yasa ake laƙabi da su. Wadannan sunayen aka saka su ne sabida wasu dalilai kamar yadda haihuwar ta kasance,a yanayin da akayi haihuwar,abinda akeyi,
# '''Ƴanbiyu''' wannan laƙabi ne da akeyi wa wanda aka haifa su biyu wato tagwaye .
# '''Gambo''' Shine ko itace wanda aka haifa bayan an haifa ƴanbiyu.
# '''Kadarko''' Shine wanda aka haifa bayan an haifi Gambo
# '''Talle''' wanda mahaifiyar sa ta mutu yana jariri.
# '''Audi''' Shine wanda mahaifin shi ya rasu yana ciki.
# '''Mati ko Tanko''' Wadannan sune sunan da ake kiran wanda ya biyo mata a gurin mahaifiya.
# '''Gude ko Delu''' sune sunayen wanda ake kiran wacce ta biyo maza jerin haihuwa.
# '''Barau Da Barauki''' Wannan suna,shine ake kiran mutumin da mahaifiyar shi ta hayayyafa amma duk suna mutuwa sai Shi ya rayu.Sannan idan mace ita ce '''Barauki'''
# '''Azumi/Ɗan azumi''' Shine sunan wanda ka haifa a watan [[Azumi]] [[Ramadan]].
# '''Goma/Gomandi''' suna ne da ake kiran wanda aka haifa na goma a jerin haihuwa.
# '''Anaruwa''' Wannan sunan shine sunan wanda aka haifa a ruwan sama.
# '''Sadau''' Wannan shine suna da ake kiran wanda aka haifa bayan aure ya mutu tsakanin mata da miji har tayi wani auren sannan ta fito ta aure tsohon mijin ta,sai aka haifi ɗa ,shi ake kira da sadau.
# '''Korau''' Shine wanda aka saki mahaifiyar shi ta haife shi a gidan mahaifinta.
# '''Shekarau''' Shine wanda sai da yakai watannin sha biyu,wato shekara a ciki kafin a haifeshi, a madadin wata tara.
# '''Dogara''' Shine sunan wanda an cire rai da samun haihuwar sa,sannan su a haifeshi.
# '''Bakwaini''' Shine mutumin da aka haifa bai kai wata tara na haihuwa ba, wanda bai fi wata bakwai ba.
# '''Cindo''' Shine sunan da ake kiran wanda aka haifa ta yatsu fiye da biyar ,ko na hannu ko kafa.
# '''Mati''' : akan kira mutum mati ne idan ya kasance an haife shi ne bayan an haifi mata ukku kafin a haifeshi
===Sunayen Hausa kafin Musulunci===
Tarihi ya nuna akwai sunan maguzanci da Hausawa ke rada su , sunayen na da alaƙa da wani abun da ya faru lokacin haihuwar, ko kuma yanayin da ake ciki,ko kuma yanda haihuwar yazo.
* Akwai wasu sunaye da dama wadanda ake kiran su da wata sigar ta daban, idan kaji an kira mutum da sunan to ba shine asalin sunan shi bane,misalan da zasu biyo baya zai nuni da asalin sunan da ake nufi.
# '''Garba''' Duk wanda kaji da wannan suna asalin suna shi '''Abubakar'''.
# '''Shehu''' duk mai wannan sunan asalin sunan shi ''' Usman
===Sunayen da Hausa ta Gada daga Musulunci===
Ba anan sunaye a kasar hausa ya tsaya ba akwai wasu sigogi da sunayen da dalilin musulunci ake sa su ,amma ana samun sauya suna zuwa wata siga. misali:
'''Sunan Annabawa'''
asali da gargajiya
#Adam - Ado
#Yusuf -Isihu
#Sulaiman -Sile,Sule
#Dauwud - Dauda
#Ilyas - Iliya
# Yakub -Yakubu
==Manazarta==
<ref>https://aminiya.ng/sunayen-hausawa-na-gargajiya-da-maanarsu/</ref>
[[category:Hausa]]
[[category: al'adu]]
[[category:Yarukan Najeriya]]
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/* Sunayen Hausa kafin Musulunci */
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text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[Fayil:Flag of the Hausa people.svg|thumb|Tambarin Hausawa]]
'''Sunayen Gargajiya na Al'adar Hausa''' kamar yadda aka sani Hausa yare ne me cike da al'adu masu ɗibbin yawa.Bayan [[Sunan Rana]],akwai wasu sunaye da ake amfani dasu wajen yin laƙabi da su.
A wannan muƙalar,zamu yi bayani ne akan wasu sanannun sunaye da dalilin da yasa ake laƙabi da su. Wadannan sunayen aka saka su ne sabida wasu dalilai kamar yadda haihuwar ta kasance,a yanayin da akayi haihuwar,abinda akeyi,
# '''Ƴanbiyu''' wannan laƙabi ne da akeyi wa wanda aka haifa su biyu wato tagwaye .
# '''Gambo''' Shine ko itace wanda aka haifa bayan an haifa ƴanbiyu.
# '''Kadarko''' Shine wanda aka haifa bayan an haifi Gambo
# '''Talle''' wanda mahaifiyar sa ta mutu yana jariri.
# '''Audi''' Shine wanda mahaifin shi ya rasu yana ciki.
# '''Mati ko Tanko''' Wadannan sune sunan da ake kiran wanda ya biyo mata a gurin mahaifiya.
# '''Gude ko Delu''' sune sunayen wanda ake kiran wacce ta biyo maza jerin haihuwa.
# '''Barau Da Barauki''' Wannan suna,shine ake kiran mutumin da mahaifiyar shi ta hayayyafa amma duk suna mutuwa sai Shi ya rayu.Sannan idan mace ita ce '''Barauki'''
# '''Azumi/Ɗan azumi''' Shine sunan wanda ka haifa a watan [[Azumi]] [[Ramadan]].
# '''Goma/Gomandi''' suna ne da ake kiran wanda aka haifa na goma a jerin haihuwa.
# '''Anaruwa''' Wannan sunan shine sunan wanda aka haifa a ruwan sama.
# '''Sadau''' Wannan shine suna da ake kiran wanda aka haifa bayan aure ya mutu tsakanin mata da miji har tayi wani auren sannan ta fito ta aure tsohon mijin ta,sai aka haifi ɗa ,shi ake kira da sadau.
# '''Korau''' Shine wanda aka saki mahaifiyar shi ta haife shi a gidan mahaifinta.
# '''Shekarau''' Shine wanda sai da yakai watannin sha biyu,wato shekara a ciki kafin a haifeshi, a madadin wata tara.
# '''Dogara''' Shine sunan wanda an cire rai da samun haihuwar sa,sannan su a haifeshi.
# '''Bakwaini''' Shine mutumin da aka haifa bai kai wata tara na haihuwa ba, wanda bai fi wata bakwai ba.
# '''Cindo''' Shine sunan da ake kiran wanda aka haifa ta yatsu fiye da biyar ,ko na hannu ko kafa.
# '''Mati''' : akan kira mutum mati ne idan ya kasance an haife shi ne bayan an haifi mata ukku kafin a haifeshi
===Sunayen Hausa kafin Musulunci===
Tarihi ya nuna akwai sunan [[Maguzanci]] da Hausawa ke rada su , sunayen na da alaƙa da wani abun da ya faru lokacin haihuwar, ko kuma yanayin da ake ciki,ko kuma yanda haihuwar yazo.
* Akwai wasu sunaye da dama wadanda ake kiran su da wata sigar ta daban, idan kaji an kira mutum da sunan to ba shine asalin sunan shi bane,misalan da zasu biyo baya zai nuni da asalin sunan da ake nufi.
# '''Garba''' Duk wanda kaji da wannan suna asalin suna shi '''Abubakar'''.
# '''Shehu''' duk mai wannan sunan asalin sunan shi ''' Usman
===Sunayen da Hausa ta Gada daga Musulunci===
Ba anan sunaye a kasar hausa ya tsaya ba akwai wasu sigogi da sunayen da dalilin musulunci ake sa su ,amma ana samun sauya suna zuwa wata siga. misali:
'''Sunan Annabawa'''
asali da gargajiya
#Adam - Ado
#Yusuf -Isihu
#Sulaiman -Sile,Sule
#Dauwud - Dauda
#Ilyas - Iliya
# Yakub -Yakubu
==Manazarta==
<ref>https://aminiya.ng/sunayen-hausawa-na-gargajiya-da-maanarsu/</ref>
[[category:Hausa]]
[[category: al'adu]]
[[category:Yarukan Najeriya]]
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Inganchin ruwa
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{{Databox}}{{Fassara}}
[[File:Water_reflection_of_karst_mountains_at_golden_hour_in_Vang_Vieng_Laos_(panoramic).jpg |thumb|Teku ]]
[[File:Museum_on_Water,_Ohrid.JPG |thumb|Gidan adana kayan Tarihi da ke bisa Teku]]
[[File:Rosette_sampler_EPA.gif|right|thumb| Ana amfani da samfurin rosette don tattara samfuran ruwa a cikin ruwa mai zurfi, kamar manyan tabkuna ko tekuna, don gwajin ingancin ruwa.]]
'''Water quality''' refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of [[ruwa]] based on the standards of its usage. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed. The most common standards used to monitor and assess water quality convey the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, extend of water pollution and condition of drinking water. Water quality has a significant impact on water supply and oftentimes determines supply options.
== Categories ==
Ana ƙayyade sigogi don ingancin ruwa ta hanyar amfani da akaye. Aiki a fannin ingancin ruwa yakan mayar da hankali ne akan ruwan da ake bi da shi don yuwuwa, masana'antu/amfani da gida, ko maidowa (na muhalli/tsarin muhalli, gabaɗaya don lafiyar ɗan adam/rayuwar ruwa).
=== shan mutane ===
[[File:Chemical_contamination_of_drinking_water.jpg|thumb| Gurɓatar ruwan sha na yanki da ƙasa ta nau'in sinadarai da girman yawan jama'a cikin haɗarin fallasa]]
Gurɓatattun abubuwan da za su iya kasancewa cikin ruwan da ba a kula da su ba sun haɗa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, protozoa da kwayoyin cuta ; gurɓataccen yanayi kamar gishiri da [[Ƙarfe|karafa]] ; gurbataccen sinadarai na kwayoyin halitta daga hanyoyin masana'antu da amfani da man fetur ; magungunan kashe qwari da herbicides ; da kuma gurɓataccen rediyo . Ingancin ruwa ya dogara da yanayin [[Ilmin duwatsu|ƙasa]] da yanayin muhalli, da kuma amfani da ɗan adam kamar watsawar najasa, gurɓataccen masana'antu, yin amfani da jikunan ruwa azaman nutsewar zafi, da yin amfani da yawa (wanda zai iya rage matakin ruwa).
Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) tana iyakance adadin wasu gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin ruwan famfo ta tsarin ruwan jama'a na Amurka. Dokar Ruwa mai Aminci ta ba da izini ga EPA don fitar da ma'auni guda biyu:
* ''matakan farko suna daidaita'' abubuwan da zasu iya shafar lafiyar ɗan adam;
* ''Ma'auni na sakandare sun'' tsara kyawawan halaye, waɗanda ke shafar ɗanɗano, wari, ko kamanni.
Dokokin Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) sun kafa iyaka ga gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwan kwalba . Ruwan sha, gami da ruwan kwalba, ana iya sa ran zai iya ƙunsar aƙalla kaɗan na wasu gurɓatattun abubuwa. Kasancewar waɗannan gurɓatattun ba lallai bane ya nuna cewa ruwan yana haifar da haɗarin lafiya.
A cikin biranen duniya, ana amfani da fasahar tsabtace ruwa a cikin tsarin ruwa na birni don kawar da gurɓataccen ruwa daga tushen ruwa (ruwa ko ruwan ƙasa ) kafin a raba shi ga gidaje, kasuwanci, makarantu da sauran masu karɓa. Ruwan da kuma aka ɗora kai tsaye daga rafi, tabki, ko magudanar ruwa wanda ba shi da magani ba zai kasance da ingancin rashin tabbas dangane da yuwuwar yuwuwa.
Nauyin gurɓataccen ruwan sha yana haifar da ƙarancin wakilci da yawan jama'a. <ref>[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-71389-2_5], Katner, A. L., Brown, K., Pieper, K., Edwards, M., Lambrinidou, Y., & Subra, W.. (2018). America’s Path to Drinking Water Infrastructure Inequality and Environmental Injustice: The Case of Flint, Michigan (pp. 79–97). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71389-2_5</ref> Al'ummomin da ba su da waɗannan tsaftataccen sabis na ruwan sha suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan da ke haifar da ruwa da gurɓataccen yanayi kamar Cholera, gudawa, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, da polio. <ref>[https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water],(2019, June 14). Drinking-water. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water.</ref> Wadannan al'ummomi galibi suna cikin wuraren da ba su da kudin shiga, inda ake zubar da ruwan dattin dan adam zuwa wata tashar magudanar ruwa da ke kusa ko magudanar ruwa ba tare da isasshen magani ba, ko kuma ana amfani da su wajen ban ruwa.
=== Amfani na masana'antu da na gida. ===
Dissolved ions may affect the suitability of water for a range of industrial and domestic purposes. The most familiar of these is probably the presence of calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) and magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>) that interfere with the cleaning action of soap, and can form hard sulfate and soft carbonate deposits in water heaters or boilers. Hard water may be softened to remove these ions. The softening process often substitutes sodium cations. For certain populations, hard water may be preferable to soft water because health problems have been associated with calcium deficiencies and with excess sodium. The necessity for additional calcium and magnesium in water depends on the population in question because people generally satisfy their recommended amounts through food.
=== ingancin ruwan muhalli. ===
[[Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]]
{{See also|Environmental monitoring|Freshwater environmental quality parameters}}
'''Ingancin ruwan muhalli''', wanda kuma ake kira '''ingancin ruwa na yanayi,''' yana da alaƙa da jikunan ruwa kamar tafkuna, [[:Category:Koguna|koguna]], da tekuna . Matsayin ingancin ruwa don ruwan saman ya bambanta sosai saboda yanayin muhalli daban-daban, yanayin muhalli, da amfanin ɗan adam. Abubuwa masu guba da yawan jama'a na wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da haɗari don dalilai marasa sha kamar ban ruwa, iyo, kamun kifi, rafting, jirgin ruwa, da amfanin masana'antu. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan na iya shafar namun daji, waɗanda ke amfani da ruwan don sha ko a matsayin wurin zama. A cewar EPA, dokokin ingancin ruwa gabaɗaya sun fayyace kariyar kamun kifi da amfani da nishaɗi kuma suna buƙatar, aƙalla, riƙe ma'auni masu inganci na yanzu.
Akwai wasu sha'awar a tsakanin jama'a na mayar da ruwan ruwa zuwa tsaftataccen yanayi, ko yanayin masana'antu kafin masana'antu. Yawancin dokokin muhalli na yanzu sun fi mayar da hankali kan zayyana takamaiman amfani da jikin ruwa. A wasu ƙasashe waɗannan sunaye suna ba da izinin wasu gurɓataccen ruwa muddin nau'in gurɓataccen abu ba shi da lahani ga abubuwan da aka keɓe. Idan aka yi la’akari da sauye-sauyen yanayi (misali, ci gaban ƙasa, ƙauyuka, ɓallewa a wuraren dazuzzuka) a cikin magudanar ruwa na ruwa mai yawa da yawa, komawa zuwa yanayin da ba a sani ba zai zama babban ƙalubale. A cikin waɗannan yanayi, masana kimiyyar muhalli sun fi mayar da hankali kan cimma burin kiyaye yanayin muhalli masu kyau kuma suna iya mai da hankali kan kare al'ummomin da ke cikin haɗari da kuma kare lafiyar ɗan adam.
== Samfurori da aunawa. ==
=== Taro samfurin ===
<section begin="sampling" />Matsalolin ingancin ruwa a matsayin batun yana nunawa a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan ma'auni na ingancin ruwa. Wasu ma'auni na ingancin ruwa an fi yin su daidai a kan wurin, saboda ruwa yana wanzuwa cikin daidaito da kewayensa . Ma'auni da aka saba yi akan rukunin yanar gizon kuma a cikin hulɗar kai tsaye tare da tushen ruwa da ake tambaya sun haɗa da zafin jiki, pH, narkar da iskar oxygen, haɓakawa, yuwuwar rage iskar oxygen (ORP), turbidity, da zurfin diski na Secchi .
Ana iya yin samfurin ruwa don gwajin jiki ko na sinadarai ta hanyoyi da yawa, ya danganta da daidaiton da ake buƙata da halayen gurɓataccen abu. Hanyoyin samfurin sun haɗa da misali mai sauƙi bazuwar samfurin bazuwar, ƙirar ƙira, tsarin tsari da samfurin grid, Samfuran gunguni masu daidaitawa, ɗaukar samfura, saka idanu na tsaka-tsaki da ci gaba, samfurin m, sa ido mai nisa, hangen nesa mai nisa, da nazarin halittu . Yin amfani da samfurori masu mahimmanci yana rage farashin da kuma buƙatar kayan aiki akan wurin samfurin.
Yawancin al'amuran gurɓatawa ana iyakance su sosai cikin lokaci, galibi dangane da abubuwan da suka faru na ruwan sama. Don haka, samfuran "ɗauka" galibi ba su isa don ƙididdige matakan gurɓataccen abu ba. Masana kimiyya suna tattara irin wannan nau'in bayanan galibi suna amfani da na'urori masu sarrafa kansa waɗanda ke fitar da ƙarin ruwa a kowane lokaci ko tazarar fitarwa .<section end="sampling" />
Yawancin ma'auni masu rikitarwa ana yin su a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da ke buƙatar samfurin ruwa don tattarawa, adanawa, jigilar su, da tantancewa a wani wuri. Tsarin samfurin ruwa yana gabatar da manyan matsaloli guda biyu:
* Matsala ta farko ita ce girman abin da samfurin zai iya zama wakilin tushen ruwa na sha'awa. Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa sun bambanta da lokaci da wuri. Ma'auni na sha'awa na iya bambanta lokaci-lokaci ko daga rana zuwa dare ko kuma a matsayin martani ga wasu ayyuka na mutum ko al'ummomin halittu na tsire [[Shuka|-tsire]] na ruwa da [[Dabba|dabbobi]] . Ma'auni na [[Sararin Samaniya na Duniya|sha'awa]] na iya bambanta tare da nisa daga iyakar ruwa tare da wuce gona da iri da ƙasa ko [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] . Mai samfurin dole ne ya ƙayyade idan lokaci ɗaya da wuri guda ɗaya ya dace da bukatun binciken, ko kuma idan amfani da ruwa na sha'awa za a iya kimanta shi da gamsarwa ta hanyar ma'auni na ƙididdiga na lokaci da wuri, ko kuma idan maxima da minima mai mahimmanci suna buƙatar ma'auni na mutum akan kewayo. na lokuta, wurare ko abubuwan da suka faru. Dole ne tsarin tattara samfurin ya tabbatar da ma'aunin daidaitattun lokutan samfur na kowane mutum da wuraren da matsakaicin ya dace. {{Rp|39–40}}Inda mafi girman ƙima ko mafi ƙarancin ƙima, dole ne a yi amfani da hanyoyin ƙididdiga don lura da bambancin don tantance isassun adadin samfuran don tantance yuwuwar wuce waɗannan mahimman ƙimar.
* Matsala ta biyu tana faruwa yayin da aka cire samfurin daga tushen ruwa kuma ya fara kafa daidaitattun sinadarai tare da sabon kewayensa - kwandon samfurin. Dole ne a yi kwantena na samfuri da kayan aiki tare da ƙaramin aiki tare da abubuwan da za a auna; pre-tsabtace samfurin kwantena yana da mahimmanci. Samfurin ruwan na iya narkar da wani yanki na kwandon samfurin da duk wani abin da ya rage a kan wannan akwati, kuma sinadarai da aka narkar da su a cikin samfurin ruwa na iya zama cikin kwandon samfurin kuma su kasance a wurin lokacin da aka zubar da ruwan don bincike. <ref name="Franson" /> {{Rp|4}}Irin wannan mu'amala ta zahiri da sinadarai na iya faruwa tare da kowace famfo, bututu, ko na'urori masu tsaka-tsaki da aka yi amfani da su don canja wurin samfurin ruwa cikin kwandon samfurin. Ruwan da aka tattara daga zurfafan ƙasa za a gudanar da shi akai-akai a rage matsa lamba na yanayi; don haka iskar gas da aka narkar a cikin ruwa zai taru a saman kwandon. Gas na yanayi sama da ruwa na iya narke cikin samfurin ruwa. Sauran ma'aunin halayen sinadaran na iya canzawa idan samfurin ruwan ya canza yanayin zafi. Ƙaƙƙarfan ɓangarorin da aka rarrabke waɗanda a da aka dakatar da hargitsin ruwa na iya daidaitawa zuwa kasan kwandon samfurin, ko kuma ƙaƙƙarfan lokaci na iya fitowa daga haɓakar ilimin halitta ko hazo na sinadarai . Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin samfurin ruwa na iya canza yanayin halitta na oxygen, carbon dioxide, da mahadi . Canza adadin carbon dioxide na iya canza pH kuma canza narkewar sinadarai masu sha'awa. Wadannan matsalolin suna da damuwa na musamman yayin auna sinadarai da ake zaton suna da mahimmanci a cikin ƙananan yawa. <ref name=":0" />
Ajiye samfurin na iya warware matsala ta biyu a wani yanki. Hanya ta gama gari ita ce sanya samfuran sanyi don rage ƙimar halayen sinadarai da canjin lokaci, da kuma nazarin samfurin da wuri-wuri; amma wannan yana rage sauye-sauye ne kawai maimakon hana su. {{Rp|43–45}}Hanya mai amfani don ƙayyade tasiri na kwantena samfurin lokacin jinkiri tsakanin tarin samfurin da bincike ya haɗa da shirye-shirye don samfurori na wucin gadi guda biyu a gaba na samfurin samfurin. Akwatin samfurin ɗaya yana cike da ruwa wanda aka sani daga binciken da ya gabata don ƙunshe da adadin da za a iya ganowa na sinadaran sha'awa. Wannan samfurin, wanda ake kira "blank", ana buɗe shi don fallasa sararin samaniya lokacin da aka tattara samfurin sha'awa, sannan a sake rufe shi kuma a kai shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da samfurin don bincike don sanin ko tarin samfurin ko hanyoyin riƙewa ya gabatar da kowane adadin da za a iya aunawa. sinadaran sha'awa. Ana tattara samfurin wucin gadi na biyu tare da samfurin sha'awa, amma sai a "spiked" tare da ƙarin adadin adadin sinadarai na sha'awa a lokacin tattarawa. Ana ɗaukar blank ( mara kyau iko ) da samfurin spiked ( kyakkyawan kulawa ) tare da samfurin sha'awa kuma ana nazarin su ta hanyoyi guda ɗaya a lokaci guda don ƙayyade duk wani canje-canje da ke nuna riba ko asara a lokacin da ya wuce tsakanin tarin da bincike. <ref>United States Geological Survey (USGS), Denver, CO (2009). [http://bqs.usgs.gov/memos/secondary_body.php?Page=aggregated.coding.html "Definitions of Quality-Assurance Data."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307193550/https://bqs.usgs.gov/memos/secondary_body.php?Page=aggregated.coding.html |date=2022-03-07 }} Prepared by USGS Branch of Quality Systems, Office of Water Quality.</ref>
=== Gwaji don mayar da martani ga bala'o'i da sauran abubuwan gaggawa ===
[[File:EPA_water_sampling_along_the_Gulf_coast_(4717896816).jpg|thumb| Gwajin ruwa a Tekun Mexico bayan malalar mai ta Deepwater Horizon]]
Bayan abubuwan da suka faru kamar girgizar kasa da tsunami, akwai martani nan da nan daga hukumomin agaji yayin da ayyukan agaji ke ci gaba da kokarin dawo da ababen more rayuwa da samar da muhimman abubuwan da suka wajaba don rayuwa da murmurewa daga baya. Barazanar cututtuka yana ƙaruwa sosai saboda ɗimbin mutanen da ke zaune kusa da juna, sau da yawa a cikin yanayi mara kyau, kuma ba tare da tsaftar muhalli ba.
Bayan bala'i na dabi'a, dangane da gwajin ingancin ruwa, akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da mafi kyawun matakin da za a ɗauka kuma ana iya amfani da hanyoyi iri-iri. Maɓalli na asali na ingancin ruwa waɗanda ke buƙatar magance su a cikin gaggawa sune alamun ƙwayoyin cuta na gurɓataccen fecal, ragowar chlorine kyauta, pH, turbidity da yuwuwar haɓakawa / jimlar narkar da daskararru . Akwai hanyoyin lalata da yawa.
Bayan manyan bala'o'i, dogon lokaci mai tsawo na iya wucewa kafin ingancin ruwa ya dawo matakan kafin bala'i. Alal misali, bayan tsunami na Tekun Indiya a shekara ta 2004, Cibiyar Kula da Ruwa ta Duniya da ke Colombo (IWMI) ta lura da illolin ruwan gishiri kuma ta kammala cewa rijiyoyin sun farfaɗo zuwa ruwan sha kafin tsunami mai inganci shekaru ɗaya da rabi bayan taron. <ref>International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka (2010). [http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Success_Stories/PDF/2010/Issue%207%20-%20Helping_restore_the_quality_of_drinking_water_after_the_tsunami.pdf "Helping restore the quality of drinking water after the tsunami."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302022712/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Success_Stories/PDF/2010/Issue%207%20-%20Helping_restore_the_quality_of_drinking_water_after_the_tsunami.pdf |date=2012-03-02 }} ''Success Stories.'' Issue 7. {{Doi|10.5337/2011.0030}}</ref> IWMI ta samar da ka'idoji don tsaftace rijiyoyin da ruwan gishiri ya gurbata; [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta]] amince da waɗannan a hukumance a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin ƙa'idodinta na gaggawa.
=== Binciken sunadarai. ===
[[File:GCMS_open.jpg|right|thumb| Gas chromatograph -<nowiki><br id="mwARo"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki></br></nowiki> Mass spectrometer yana auna magungunan kashe qwari da sauran gurɓataccen yanayi]]
Mafi sauƙaƙan hanyoyin bincike na sinadarai su ne waɗanda ke auna abubuwan sinadarai ba tare da mutunta nau'insu ba. Binciken abubuwa don oxygen, a matsayin misali, zai nuna nauyin 890 g / L ( gram a kowace lita ) na samfurin ruwa saboda oxygen (O) yana da kashi 89% na kwayoyin ruwa (H <sub>2</sub> O). Hanyar da aka zaɓa don auna narkar da iskar oxygen ya kamata ta bambanta tsakanin diatomic oxygen da oxygen hade da wasu abubuwa. Sauƙaƙan kwatancen bincike na asali ya samar da adadi mai yawa na bayanan samfuri da ƙimar ingancin ruwa don abubuwan wasu lokuta ana gano su azaman ƙarfe masu nauyi . Binciken ruwa don ƙananan karafa dole ne yayi la'akari da barbashin ƙasa da aka dakatar a cikin samfurin ruwa. Waɗannan ɓangarorin ƙasa da aka dakatar suna iya ƙunsar ƙarfe da za a iya aunawa. Ko da yake ba a narkar da barbashi a cikin ruwan, mutane na iya cinye su ta hanyar shan ruwan. Ƙara acid zuwa samfurin ruwa don hana asarar narkar da karafa a kan kwandon samfurin na iya narkar da ƙarin karafa daga barbashi ƙasa da aka dakatar. Tace barbashi na ƙasa daga samfurin ruwa kafin ƙara acid, duk da haka, na iya haifar da asarar narkar da karafa akan tacewa. <ref>State of California Environmental Protection Agency ''Representative Sampling of Ground Water for Hazardous Substances'' (1994) pp. 23–24</ref> Matsalolin bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya sun fi ƙalubale.
Yin waɗannan ma'auni masu rikitarwa na iya zama tsada. Saboda ma'auni kai tsaye na ingancin ruwa na iya yin tsada, ana gudanar da shirye-shiryen sa ido na yau da kullun kuma ana fitar da sakamakon daga hukumomin gwamnati . Koyaya, akwai shirye-shiryen sa kai na gida da albarkatun da ake da su don wasu ƙima na gaba ɗaya. Kayayyakin da ake samu ga jama'a sun haɗa da na'urorin gwaji a wurin, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su don tankunan kifi na gida, da hanyoyin tantance halittu.
=== Sa ido na ainihi. ===
Ko da yake galibi ana ƙididdige ingancin ruwa tare da yin nazari a dakunan gwaje-gwaje, tun daga ƙarshen karni na 20, an sami karuwar sha'awar jama'a game da ingancin ruwan sha da tsarin birni ke samarwa. Yawancin abubuwan amfani da ruwa sun ƙirƙira tsarin tattara bayanai na ainihin lokacin game da ingancin ruwan tushen. A farkon karni na 21st, an tura nau'ikan na'urori masu auna firikwensin da tsarin kulawa na nesa don auna pH na ruwa, turbidity, narkar da iskar oxygen da sauran sigogi. Hakanan an ƙirƙiri wasu na'urori masu nisa don lura da ingancin ruwa a cikin kogi, estuarine da gaɓar ruwa.
== Manuniya. ==
=== Alamomin ruwan sha ===
[[File:Electrical_conductivity_meter.jpg|right|thumb| Ana amfani da mitar ɗaurin ɗamara don auna jumillar daskararrun daskararru]]
* Alkalinity
* Launi na ruwa.
* pH.
* Ku ɗanɗani da wari ( geosmin, 2-Methylisoborneol (MIB), da dai sauransu. )
* Narkar da karafa da gishiri ( sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, manganese, magnesium ).
* Kwayoyin halitta irin su fecal coliform kwayoyin cuta ( ''Escherichia coli'' ), Cryptosporidium, da Giardia lamblia ; ''duba'' nazarin ruwa na kwayoyin cuta.
* Narkar da karafa da metalloids ( gubar, mercury, arsenic, da dai sauransu. )
* Narkar da kwayoyin halitta: launin narkar da kwayoyin halitta (CDOM), narkar da kwayoyin carbon (DOC)
* Radon.
* Karfe masu nauyi.
* Magunguna.
* Analogs na hormone.
=== Alamun muhalli ===
==== Alamun jiki na zahiri ====
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
* Water [[temperature]]
* Specific conductance or [[electrical conductance]] (EC) or conductivity
* [[Total suspended solids]] (TSS)
* [[Secchi depth|Transparency]] or [[turbidity]]
{{Col-2}}
* [[Total dissolved solids]] (TDS)
* [[Odour]] of water
* [[Color of water]] (such as [[Forel-Ule scale]] or [[Pt/Co scale]])
* [[Taste]] of water
{{Col-end}}{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
* [[pH]]
* [[Biochemical oxygen demand]] (BOD)
* [[Chemical oxygen demand]] (COD)
* [[Dissolved oxygen]] (DO)
* [[Hard water|Total hardness]] (TH)
{{Col-2}}
* [[Heavy metals]]
* [[Nitrate]]
* [[Orthophosphate]]s
* [[Pesticide]]s
* [[Surfactant]]s
{{Col-end}}
==== Alamun halittu ====
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
* [[Ephemeroptera]]
* [[Plecoptera]]
* [[Mollusca]]
* [[Trichoptera]]
* ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' (E. coli)
{{Col-2}}
* [[Coliform bacteria]]
* ''[[Pimephales promelas]]'' (fathead minnow)
* ''[[Americamysis bahia]]'' (Mysid shrimp)
* [[sea urchin]]
{{Col-end}}An ɓullo da ma'auni na nazarin halittu a wurare da yawa, kuma ɗayan dangin da aka yi amfani da shi na ma'auni don ruwa mai tsabta shine kasancewar da yawa na mambobi na umarni na kwari Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera da Trichoptera (EPT) (na benthic macroinvertebrates wanda sunayen gama gari ne, bi da bi, mai yiwuwafly., stonefly da caddisfly). Ma'anar EPT a zahiri za ta bambanta daga yanki zuwa yanki, amma gabaɗaya, a cikin yanki, yawan adadin haraji daga waɗannan umarni, mafi kyawun ingancin ruwa. Ƙungiyoyi a Amurka, kamar EPA. ba da jagora kan haɓaka shirin sa ido da gano membobin waɗannan da sauran umarnin kwari na ruwa. Yawancin masu fitar da ruwan sha na Amurka (misali, masana'antu, masana'antar wutar lantarki, matatun mai, ma'adinai, masana'antar kula da najasa na birni) ana buƙatar gudanar da gwaje-gwajen ƙazamin ƙazamin lokaci na lokaci-lokaci ( '''WET''' ).
Mutanen da ke da sha'awar lura da ingancin ruwa waɗanda ba za su iya ba ko sarrafa nazarin sikelin lab ba kuma za su iya amfani da alamun ilimin halitta don samun cikakken karatun ingancin ruwa. Misali ɗaya shine shirin sa ido na ruwa na IOWATER na [[Iowa]], wanda ya haɗa da maɓallin alamar EPT. <ref>IOWATER (Iowa Department of Natural Resources). Iowa City, IA (2005). [http://www.iowater.net/Publications/BMIKey2Edvmay05.pdf "Benthic Macroinvertebrate Key."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207114055/http://www.iowater.net/Publications/BMIKey2Edvmay05.pdf |date=2013-12-07 }}</ref>
Bivalve molluscs ana amfani da su sosai azaman masu nunin halitta don lura da lafiyar mahallin ruwa a cikin ruwa mai daɗi da mahallin marine. Matsayin yawan jama'a ko tsarin su, ilimin halittar jiki, hali ko matakin gurɓatawa tare da abubuwa ko mahadi na iya nuna yanayin gurɓataccen yanayin yanayin. Suna da amfani musamman tun lokacin da suke da ƙarfi don su zama wakilai na yanayin da aka zana su ko sanya su. Wani aiki na yau da kullun shine US Mussel Watch Program, amma a yau ana amfani da su a duk duniya.
Hanyar Ƙimar Ƙididdiga ta Kudancin Afirka (SASS) ita ce tsarin kula da ingancin ruwa na halitta bisa ga kasancewar benthic macroinvertebrates (EPT). An tace kayan aikin kula da ruwa na SASS a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata kuma yanzu yana kan sigar ta biyar (SASS5) wacce aka gyara ta musamman daidai da ka'idojin kasa da kasa, watau ISO/IEC 17025 yarjejeniya. <ref>Dickens CWS and Graham PM. 2002. [http://www.dwa.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/methods/dickens%20and%20graham.pdf The Southern Africa Scoring System (SASS) version 5 rapid bioassessment for rivers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328153218/https://www.dwa.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/methods/dickens%20and%20graham.pdf |date=2016-03-28 }} "African Journal of Aquatic Science", 27:1–10.</ref> Hanyar SASS5 da Sashen Harkokin Ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu ke amfani da shi a matsayin daidaitacciyar hanya don Kimar Kiwon Lafiyar Kogin, wanda ke ciyar da Shirin Kiwon Lafiyar Kogin na ƙasa da kuma Database na Kogin Kogin.
== Ka'idoji da rahotanni. ==
A cikin tsarin ma'auni, hukumomi suna yanke shawara na siyasa da fasaha / kimiyya bisa yadda za a yi amfani da ruwan. A cikin yanayin jikunan ruwa na halitta, hukumomi kuma suna yin kiyasin ma'ana na kyawawan yanayi. Jikunan ruwa na halitta za su bambanta dangane da yanayin muhalli na yanki, wanda abin da ke tattare da tsarin ruwa yana tasiri da abubuwan da ke kewaye da yanayin yanayin ƙasa, sediments, da nau'in dutse, yanayin yanayi, ilimin ruwa, da yanayi. Masana kimiyyar muhalli da masu ilimin kimiyyar ruwa na ruwa suna aiki don fassara ma'auni da yanayin muhalli waɗanda ke tasiri ingancin ruwa na yanki, wanda hakan ke taimakawa wajen gano tushe da makomar gurɓatattun abubuwa. Lauyoyin muhalli da masu tsara manufofi suna aiki don ayyana doka tare da niyyar cewa ana kiyaye ruwa a ingantaccen ingancin amfani da shi.
Wani ra'ayi na gaba ɗaya game da ingancin ruwa shine na dukiya mai sauƙi wanda ke nuna ko ruwa ya ƙazantu ko a'a. A haƙiƙa, ingancin ruwa batu ne mai rikitarwa, a wani ɓangare saboda ruwa wani matsakaicin matsakaici ne wanda ke da alaƙa da ilimin halittu, [[Ilmin duwatsu|ilimin]] ƙasa, da ayyukan ɗan adam na yanki. Ayyukan masana'antu da kasuwanci (misali [[Masana'anta|masana'antu]], [[hakar ma'adinai]], gine-gine, sufuri ) sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da gurbatar ruwa kamar yadda kwararar ruwa daga wuraren [[Gona|noma]], zubar da ruwa a birane da fitar da najasa da ba a kula da su ba.
=== Ƙasashen Duniya. ===
* Hukumar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) ta buga jagororin ingancin ruwan sha (GDWQ) a cikin 2011.
* The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) buga{{When|date=June 2016}} ƙa'ida na ingancin ruwa a cikin sashin ICS 13.060, wanda ya fito daga samfurin ruwa, ruwan sha, ruwa na masana'antu, najasa, da gwajin ruwa don sinadarai, jiki ko kayan halitta. ICS 91.140.60, yana rufe ka'idodin tsarin samar da ruwa.
=== Ƙididdigar ƙasa don ruwan yanayi da ruwan sha ===
==== Tarayyar Turai ====
Tsarin ruwa na [[Tarayyar Turai]] an tsara shi da farko cikin umarni guda uku:
* Umarni kan Maganin Ruwan Sharar Birane (91/271/EEC) na ranar 21, ga Mayu 1991, game da fitar da ruwa na birni da na masana'antu ;
* Umarnin Ruwan Sha (98/83/EC) na 3 Nuwamba 1998 game da ingancin ruwan sha;
* Dokar Tsarin Ruwa (2000/60/EC) na 23 Oktoba 2000 game da sarrafa albarkatun ruwa .
==== Indiya. ====
* Matsayin Majalisar Binciken Likitanci na Indiya (ICMR) don Ruwan Sha.
==== Afirka ta Kudu. ====
An haɗa jagororin ingancin ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu bisa ga yuwuwar nau'ikan masu amfani (misali na gida, masana'antu) a cikin Jagororin ingancin Ruwa na 1996. <ref>Republic of South Africa, Department of Water Affairs, Pretoria (1996). [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/IWQS/wq_guide/index.html "Water quality guidelines for South Africa: First Edition 1996."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627102555/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/IWQS/wq_guide/index.html |date=2017-06-27 }}</ref> Ingancin ruwan sha yana ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar Ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu (SANS) 241, Ƙayyadaddun Ruwan Sha. <ref>Hodgson K, Manus L. A drinking water quality framework for South Africa. Water SA. 2006;32(5):673–678 .</ref>
==== Ƙasar Ingila. ====
A Ingila da Wales matakan da aka yarda da su don samar da ruwan sha an jera su a cikin "Dokokin Samar da Ruwa (Ingantacciyar Ruwa) 2000." <ref>National Archives, London, UK. [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2000/3184/contents/made "The Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2000."] 2000 No. 3184. 2000-12-08.</ref>
==== Amurka. ====
A cikin Amurka, Hukumomin Jiha sun ayyana Ma'aunin Ingancin Ruwa don ƙungiyoyin ruwa daban-daban, waɗanda ake buƙata don amfanin ruwan (misali, mazaunin kifi, samar da ruwan sha, amfani da nishaɗi). Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa (CWA) tana buƙatar kowane ikon mulki (jihohi, yankuna, da ƙungiyoyin ƙabilanci) su gabatar da jeri na rahotanni na shekara-shekara kan ingancin ruwa a yankinsu. Waɗannan rahotannin ana san su da rahoton 303(d) da 305(b) waɗanda aka sanya wa suna don tanadin CWA nasu, kuma an ƙaddamar da su, kuma sun amince da su, EPA. Ana kammala waɗannan rahotanni ta ikon hukuma, yawanci hukumar kula da muhalli ta jiha . EPA ta ba da shawarar kowace jiha ta gabatar da "Rahoton Haɗe-haɗe" guda ɗaya wanda ya ƙunshi jerin gurɓatattun ruwa da kuma matsayin duk wuraren ruwa a jihar. Rahoton ''Ingantattun Ingantattun Ruwa na Ƙasa ga Majalisa'' babban rahoto ne kan ingancin ruwa, yana ba da cikakken bayani game da adadin mil na koguna da koguna da jimillar yanayin su. CWA na buƙatar jihohi su ɗauki ƙa'idodi don kowane yuwuwar amfani da aka keɓance da suka sanya wa ruwansu. Idan shaidu sun nuna ko rubuta cewa rafi, kogi ko tabki sun gaza cika ka'idojin ingancin ruwa na ɗaya ko fiye na abubuwan da aka keɓance shi, an sanya shi cikin jerin gurɓatattun ruwa. Da zarar wata jiha ta sanya jikin ruwa a cikin wannan jerin, dole ne ta samar da tsarin gudanarwa wanda zai kafa Jimlar Matsakaicin Loads na yau da kullun (TMDLs) don masu gurɓatawar ruwa da ke lalata amfani da ruwa. Waɗannan TMDLs sun kafa ragi da ake buƙata don cikakken goyan bayan abubuwan da aka keɓance. <ref>More information about water quality in the United States is available on EPA's [https://www.epa.gov/waterdata/surf-your-watershed "Surf Your Watershed"] website.</ref>
Ma'aunin ruwan sha, wanda ya dace da tsarin ruwan jama'a, EPA ne ke bayar da shi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Amintaccen Ruwan Sha .
== Manazarta. ==
{{Reflist}}
# United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments of 1972, <abbr>Pub.L.</abbr> 92–500 ("Clean Water Act"). "Definitions." Section 502(19), 33 U.S.C. § 1362.
# ^ Jump up to:<sup>'''''a'''''</sup> <sup>'''''b'''''</sup> U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, D.C. "Definitions." "EPA Administered Permit Programs: The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System." ''Code of Federal Regulations,'' 40 CFR 122.2.
# '''^''' "Definitions." CWA sec. 502(12); 33 U.S.C. § 1362.
# '''^''' "Thermal discharges." CWA sec. 316, 33 U.S.C. § 1326.
# '''^''' "Identification of areas with insufficient controls; maximum daily load; certain effluent limitations revision." CWA sec. 303(d), 33 U.S.C. § 1313(d).
# '''^''' EPA. "Secondary Treatment Regulation." ''Code of Federal Regulations,'' 40 CFR 133.
# '''^''' United States. Safe Drinking Water Act. <abbr>Pub.L.</abbr> 93–523; 42 U.S.C. § 300f ''et seq.'' 1974-12-16.
# '''^''' EPA. "National Primary Drinking Water Regulations." ''Code of Federal Regulations,'' 40 CFR Part 141.
# '''^''' "Effluent limitations." CWA sec. 301(b), 33 U.S.C. § 1311(b); "Effluent limitation guidelines." CWA sec. 304(b), 33 U.S.C. § 1314(b)
# '''^''' "National standards of performance." CWA sec. 306(a), 33 U.S.C. § 1316(a).
# '''^''' EPA. "Secondary Treatment Regulation." ''Code of Federal Regulations,'' 40 CFR Part 133.
# '''^''' "National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System." CWA sec. 402, 33 U.S.C. § 1342.
# '''^''' United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments of 1972, <abbr>Pub.L.</abbr> 92–500, 33 U.S.C. § 1251 ''et seq.,'' as amended.
# '''^''' United States. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, <abbr>Pub.L.</abbr> 94–580. Approved October 21, 1976. 42 U.S.C. § 6901 ''et seq.,'' as amended.
# '''^''' United States. Safe Drinking Water Act, <abbr>Pub.L.</abbr> 93–523. Approved December 16, 1974. 42 U.S.C. § 300f ''et seq.,'' as amended.
# '''^''' United States. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, <abbr>Pub.L.</abbr> 75–717. Approved June 25, 1938. 21 U.S.C. § 301 ''et seq.,'' as amended.
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Eleazar Chukwuemeka
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ANYAOKU, Chief '''Eleazar Chukwuemeka''', (an haifeshi ranar 18 ga watan Janairu, 1933) a Obossi Najeriya.
== Iyali ==
Yana da mata da yaya Maza biyu.
== Karatu da aiki ==
Merchants of Light School, Oba, University of Ibadan, ya hallatta darrissa a Cambridge, England, Institute of Public Administration, London, Cavillam Institute, France, yazo yayi aiki da Nigerian Diplomatic Servicea a shekara ta, 1962, Ɗan ƙungiya na Nigerian Permanent Mission to the UN, New York a shekara ta, 1963 zuwa 1966, yayi director na International Affairs Division a shekara ta, 1971 zuwa 1975.<ref>Africa who's who (2nd ed ed.). London: Africa Books Ltd. 1991. ISBN 0-903274-17-5. OCLC 24954393. {{cite book}}: p.p,324.381|edition= has extra text (help)</ref>
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Haifaffun 1933]]
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Stephanie Riche
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'''Stephanie Riche''' 'yar Faransa ce mai tseren tsalle-tsalle ta Paralympic. Ta lashe lambobin tagulla biyu a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na shekarar ta 1994 a Lillehammer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stephanie Riche - Alpine Skiing {{!}} Paralympic Athlete Profile|url=https://www.paralympic.org/stephanie-riche|access-date=2022-11-11|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}}</ref>
== Aiki ==
Riche ta fafata a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi a shekarar 1994 a Lillehammer, Norway. Ta lashe lambobin tagulla biyu a cikin giant slalom LWX-XII (na uku da lokacin 3:27.20, bayan Gerda Pamler, wanda ya ci zinare a 3:12.39, da Vreni Stoeckli, wanda ya ci azurfa a 3:25.64),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lillehammer 1994 - alpine-skiing - womens-giant-slalom-lwx-xii|url=https://www.paralympic.org/lillehammer-1994/results/alpine-skiing/womens-giant-slalom-lwx-xii|access-date=2022-11-11|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}}</ref> kuma a cikin super-G LWX-XII (ainihin lokacin 1:37.99, Sarah Will ta lashe zinari a 1:26.67, kuma Gerda Pamler ta ci azurfa a 1:28.24).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lillehammer 1994 - alpine-skiing - womens-super-g-lwx-xii|url=https://www.paralympic.org/lillehammer-1994/results/alpine-skiing/womens-super-g-lwx-xii|access-date=2022-11-11|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}}</ref>
Ta yi gasa a LWX-XII na ƙasa, ta ƙare ta huɗu,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lillehammer 1994 - alpine-skiing - womens-downhill-lwx-xii|url=https://www.paralympic.org/lillehammer-1994/results/alpine-skiing/womens-downhill-lwx-xii|access-date=2022-11-11|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}}</ref> kuma a cikin slalom LWX-XII.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lillehammer 1994 - alpine-skiing - womens-slalom-lwx-xii|url=https://www.paralympic.org/lillehammer-1994/results/alpine-skiing/womens-slalom-lwx-xii|access-date=2022-11-11|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}}</ref>
== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
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Abdulrahman tahir shika
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'''Stephanie Riche''' 'yar Faransa ce mai tseren tsalle-tsalle ta Paralympic. Ta lashe lambobin tagulla biyu a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na shekarar ta 1994 a Lillehammer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stephanie Riche - Alpine Skiing {{!}} Paralympic Athlete Profile|url=https://www.paralympic.org/stephanie-riche|access-date=2022-11-11|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}}</ref>
== Aiki ==
Riche ta fafata a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi a shekarar ta 1994 a Lillehammer, Norway. Ta lashe lambobin tagulla biyu a cikin giant slalom LWX-XII (na uku da lokacin 3:27.20, bayan Gerda Pamler, wanda ya ci zinare a 3:12.39, da Vreni Stoeckli, wanda ya ci azurfa a 3:25.64),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lillehammer 1994 - alpine-skiing - womens-giant-slalom-lwx-xii|url=https://www.paralympic.org/lillehammer-1994/results/alpine-skiing/womens-giant-slalom-lwx-xii|access-date=2022-11-11|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}}</ref> kuma a cikin super-G LWX-XII (ainihin lokacin 1:37.99, Sarah Will ta lashe zinari a 1:26.67, kuma Gerda Pamler ta ci azurfa a 1:28.24).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lillehammer 1994 - alpine-skiing - womens-super-g-lwx-xii|url=https://www.paralympic.org/lillehammer-1994/results/alpine-skiing/womens-super-g-lwx-xii|access-date=2022-11-11|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}}</ref>
Ta yi gasa a LWX-XII na ƙasa, ta ƙare ta huɗu,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lillehammer 1994 - alpine-skiing - womens-downhill-lwx-xii|url=https://www.paralympic.org/lillehammer-1994/results/alpine-skiing/womens-downhill-lwx-xii|access-date=2022-11-11|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}}</ref> kuma a cikin slalom LWX-XII.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lillehammer 1994 - alpine-skiing - womens-slalom-lwx-xii|url=https://www.paralympic.org/lillehammer-1994/results/alpine-skiing/womens-slalom-lwx-xii|access-date=2022-11-11|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}}</ref>
== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
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Majami'ar Minerva (Guatemala)
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'''Majami'ar Minerva''' wata tsohuwar majami'a ce ta Girkanci wanda gwamnatin shugaba Manuel Estrada Cabrera ya gina a cikin Guatemala a cikin shekara ta 1901 don bikin Fiestas Minervalias. {{Sfn|Carrera Mejía|n.d.}} Ba da da ewa, manyan biranen da ke sauran [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]] sun gina irin wannan tsarin su ma.
[[File:13 Santa Maria sopra Minerva (Assís), sostre.jpg|thumb|right]]
== Majami'un da aka gina a Jamhuriyar ==
An gina Majami'u da yawa na Minerva a fadin Guatemala, kuma kaɗan daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye:<ref name="carrera5">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Carrera Mejía|n.d.}}</ref><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-size:0.9em">
{| class="mw-collapsible wikitable" width="40%"
! align="center" style="background:#659ec7;" width="10%" | '''Sashen'''
! align="center" style="background:#659ec7;" width="15%" | '''Hoto'''
! align="center" style="background:#659ec7;" width="5%" | '''Yawan temples'''
! align="center" style="background:#659ec7;" | '''Ranar budewa'''
! align="center" style="background:#659ec7;" | '''Yanayi a karni na 21''' {{Sfn|Carrera Mejía|n.d.}}
|- align="center"
! align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;" | Baja Verapaz
|[[File:Templo_Minerva_Salama.jpg|center|150x150px]]
| 1
| 1916
| Har yanzu yana tsaye
|- align="center"
! align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;" | Chimaltenango
|[[File:Minervachimaltenango.jpg|center|150x150px]]
| 1
| Afrilu 20, 1909
| Rushe
|- align="center"
! align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;" | Chiquimula
|[[File:Templo_minerva_chiquimula.jpg|center|100x100px]]<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Chiquimula<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki>[[File:TemploMinervaQuezaltepeque.jpg|center|100x100px]]<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Quezaltepeque
| 3
| 27 Oktoba 1907
| Har yanzu yana tsaye
|- align="center"
! align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;" | Escuintla
|[[File:Minervacocalesescuintla1907.JPG|center|150x150px| {{Sfn|Gobierno de Guatemala|1907}}]]
| 2
| Plaza de los Cocales (1906) da Escuintla (1916)
| Rushe
|- align="center"
! align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;" | Huehuetenango
|[[File:Templominervahiehuetrnango1910.jpg|center|150x150px]]
| 4
| 1904
| Har yanzu yana tsaye
|- align="center"
! align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;" | Jalapa
|[[File:Templodeminervajalapa.jpg|center|150x150px]]
| 1
| 1909
| Har yanzu yana tsaye
|- align="center"
! align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;" | Quetzaltenango
|[[File:Templo_de_Minerva_Xela.jpg|center|150x150px]]
| 3
| N/A
| Har yanzu yana tsaye
|- align="center"
! align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;" | Sacatepéquez
|[[File:Minervaantigua1910.jpg|center|150x150px]]
| 1
| N/A
| Rushe
|}
</div></div>
=== Littafi Mai Tsarki ===
==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
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Manuela Fingueret
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'''Manuela Fingueret''' (Agusta 9,1945 – Maris 11,2013 )marubuci ne kuma malami [[Argentina|ɗan Argentina]].
== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
'Yar baƙi Lithuanian-Yahudawa,Rayuw an haife ta a La Chacarita Barrio na [[Buenos Aires]] kuma ta yi karatu don zama malami kuma ɗan jarida.Fingueret ya kasance darektan Area de Cultura Judia del Centro Cultural General San Martin.Ta kasance darektan shirye-shirye na FM Jai,gidan rediyon [[Yahudawa]] kuma ta yi aiki ga wallafe-wallafen Yahudawa da yawa,ciki har da ''Nueva Sion'' da ''Arca del Sur.''
A cikin 1975,ta buga tarin waƙoƙinta na farko na ''Tumultos contenidos'' (Tsarin Hagu).Daga nan ne ''Heredarás Babel''(Za ku gaji Babila)a cikin 1977 da ''La piedra es una llaga en el tiempo'' (Dutsen rauni ne a lokaci)a cikin 1980.
== Wasu daga aiyukan ta ==
* ''Ciudad en fuga y otros infiernos'' (Birnin cikin jirgin da sauran jahannama), shayari (1984)
* ''Eva y las máscaras'' (Hauwa'u da Masks), shayari (1987)
* ''Las picardias de Hérshele'' (Barnar Hershele), littafin yara (1989)
* ''Los huecos de tu cuerpo'' (The Hollows of your body), shayari (1992)
* ''Blues de la calle Leiva'' (Leiva street blues), labari (1995)
* ''Hija del silencio'' ('yar shiru), novel (2000)
[[Category:Mutuwan 2013]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1945]]
kl96oojp38iag73cr6d3j8x65hl3sfs
Puerto Rico
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559326
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2024-12-19T03:19:00Z
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[[Fayil:USA-2016-Puerto Rico-San Juan-Castillo San Felipe del Morro 10.jpg|thumb|Puerto Rico]]
'''Puerto Rico''' kasa ce da take a tsibirin Karebiya kuma ba yankin kasar Amurka bane. San Juan shine babban birnin kasar. Puerto Rico tana da nata tsarin mulki da nata rassan majalisa, zartarwa da na shari'a. Haɗin kai da Amurka ta hanyar zama ɗan ƙasa na tarayya, kuɗi da tsaro.
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Asenath Barzani
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Asenath Barzani,'''<ref>Also spelled Asenat Barzanî in Kurdish and transliterated as Osnat Barzani from Modern Hebrew. See Bengio, O. (2016). Game changers: Kurdish women in peace and war. ''The Middle East Journal'', ''70''(1), 30-46.</ref> ({{Lang-he|אסנת ברזאני}},1590 – 1670),yar Kurdawa [[Yahudawa|Bayahudiya]] ce ƙwararriyar malaman rabbini kuma mawaƙi wacce ta zauna kusa da Duhok,[[Kurdistan]].
== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
=== Tarihin iyali ===
An haifi Asenath a cikin dangin Barzani,sanannen dangin Yahudawa a arewacin [[Kurdistan]],a cikin shekarar 1590. Kakanta,Netanel Halevi,malami ne kuma shugaban al'ummar Yahudawa a Mosul,kuma ana ganinsa a matsayin mutum mai tsarki a cikin al'ummar Yahudawa da kewaye.Saboda darajar koyarwarsa,an kira shi ''adoni'' (Ibrananci,"ubangijina"). Ɗansa kuma mahaifin Asenath,Rabbi Shemuel Barzani,malami kuma mai sihiri,ya damu da matsayin Attaura a tsakanin Yahudawa na Kurdistan,da kuma rashin shugabanni na ruhaniya da kuma masu yanke hukunci.Ya kafa yeshivas da yawa a Barzan,Akre,Amadiya da kuma a Mosul,don haɓaka ɗalibai masu hikima waɗanda za su iya yi wa jama'a hidima a matsayin malamai,malamai,da masu yankan kosher. <ref name=":0" /> An tallafa wa ilimin irin waɗannan ɗalibai ta hanyar gudummawa daga masu ba da taimako na Yahudawa.<ref name=":0" />
=== Rayuwa ===
Da yake Shemuel ba shi da 'ya'ya maza,ya koya wa'yarsa Attaura da Talmud su shirya ta a matsayin magajinsa.Ita kanta Asenath ta ce ba ta koyi wani sana’a,ko sana’a,ko sana’a ba,domin ta shafe tsawon lokacinta na koyon Attaura.Ta bayyana tarbiyyar ta kamar haka:
{{Blockquote|I never left the entrance to my house or went outside; I was like a princess of Israel ... I grew up on the laps of scholars, anchored to my father [[Honorifics for the dead in Judaism#Of blessed memory|of blessed memory]]. I was never taught any work but sacred study.<ref name="JWLevine Melammed">{{cite encyclopedia| url=http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/barazani-asnat-bat-samuel| title=Asnat Barazani| date=1 March 2009 | author=Renee Levine Melammed| publisher= Jewish Women's Archive | encyclopedia=Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia | access-date= 6 June 2012}} quoting from {{cite book |last=Mann |first=Jacob |title=Texts and Studies in Jewish History and Literature |volume=I |location=New York |date=1972 |page=511}}</ref>}}
Barzani ta auri ɗan uwanta Rabbi Ya’aqov Mizrahi,wanda ya yi wa mahaifinta alkawarin cewa ba za ta yi wani aikin gida ba kuma za ta iya yin amfani da lokacinta a matsayin malamin Attaura.Barzani ne ya rubuta
{{Blockquote|“And he [my father] made my husband swear that he would not make me perform work, and he did as he had commanded him. From the beginning, the Rabbi [Mizrahi] was busy with his studies and had no time to teach the pupils; but I taught them in his stead, I was a helpmate for him... [Begging for support for] the sake of Father... and the Rabbi... so that their Torah and names should not be brought to naught in these communities; for I remain the teacher of Torah...”<ref>The German Jewish ethnologist [[Erich Bauer (ethnologist)|Erich Bauer]], who included Barzani's letter without mentioning her name in his study of the “Jews of Iraq” in the early 1940s was not convinced she could have composed such writing on her own: “The letter... could hardly have been composed by her, since it is full of ''melitzot'' [poetic expressions] and reveals no small knowledge of Hebrew and rabbinical literature.” Brauer, Erich. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6S7qTDomCgC&pg=PA177 The Jews of Kurdistan], ed. Raphael Patai. Wayne State University Press, Detroit 1993, first published 1947; {{ISBN|0-8143-2392-8}}. pp. 176-177</ref>}}
Bayan mutuwar mahaifin Barzani,mijinta ya zama shugaban yeshivah a Mosul.Ya tsunduma cikin karatun nasa sosai har ta koyar da daliban yeshivah kuma ta ba su horon rabbi da kanta.Bayan mutuwar Ya’aqov,shugabancin yeshivah ya shige mata,kuma daga baya ta zama babban malamin Attaura.Da yake mahaifinta da mijinta ba su yi nasara wajen tara kuɗi ba,yeshivah koyaushe tana cikin matsalolin kuɗi,kuma Barzani ya rubuta wasiƙu da yawa yana neman kuɗi inda ta bayyana halin da take ciki da ’ya’yanta.An kwace gidanta da kayanta,har da littattafanta,amma tana jin cewa a matsayinta na mace ba zai dace ta yi balaguro don neman tallafi ba.
Duk da matsalolin kuɗi,jagorancin Barzani na yeshivah ya yi nasara:ya ci gaba da samar da manyan malamai,ciki har da danta, wanda ta aika zuwa [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]],inda ya ci gaba da daular malaman rabbi.<ref name="EJBarazani, Asenath" /> Rubuce-rubucenta kaɗan sun nuna cikakkiyar ƙware na yaren Ibrananci,Attaura,Talmud,Midrash,da Kabbalah,kuma wasiƙunta suna nuna ba koyaswa kaɗai ba,har ma da fasaha na larabci. Bayan rasuwarta,[[yahudawa]] da dama sun yi tattaki zuwa kabarinta a Amadiyah a Arewacin Iraki, inda kuma aka binne mahaifinta.
== Take da Matsayi ==
Taken ''Tanna'it'',da matsayinta na shugabar yeshiva,bai yi daidai da zama malami ba,don haka ana ɗaukarta a matsayin abin da ba kasafai ake yi ba na malama limamin limamin mata,maimakon malami a kowane ɗaya, ko siffa mai ikon rabbi kamar posek ko dayan.A lokacin da Barzani ya rayu, manufar naɗa rabbai (''semikha'') ta kasance cikin juye-juye kuma yarjejeniya ɗaya ce ta buƙatu da al'adu na ''semikha'' a duk faɗin duniyar Yahudawa ba su wanzu.
== Waƙa ==
Baya ga karatun addini,Barzani kuma an san ta da mawaƙi. An ce ta rubuta ''piyyut'' (waƙar liturgical) a cikin Kurdish,mai suna ''Ga'agua L'Zion'' ("Keson Sihiyona",a cikin Ibrananci).
== Tatsuniyoyi ==
Akwai labarai da tatsuniyoyi da yawa game da Barzani da mu'ujizar da ta yi ciki har da wanda aka kwatanta a cikin "Guruwan Mala'iku".
A cikin labarun gida,jinsinta yana taka muhimmiyar rawa (ko da yake a ainihin rayuwarta,tana da alama ta sami 'yan cikas).Yawancin labaran da suka yi ishara da ikonta na allahntaka an same su a cikin ''segulot'' (layi masu kariya,laya,ko al'ada).Wadannan sun hada da yadda za ta takaita haihuwar ‘ya’yanta biyu ne domin ta sadaukar da kanta ga karatun ta,da kuma yadda za ta kau da mai kutse domin kada ya yi mata fyade da babbar murya.
=== Garken Mala'iku ===
A cewar almara,mahaifinta ya kan bayyana a mafarkin Barzani,yana bayyana mata hadura da kuma gaya mata yadda za ta kauce musu.A wani lokaci irin wannan,ta je wurin Amédi inda ta shawo kan Yahudawan yankin su yi bikin Rosh Hodesh (bikin sabon wata) a waje,kamar yadda al’adarsu ta kasance kafin ’yan al’ummai maƙiya su yi musu barazana.
Suna ci gaba da biki,sai aka yi ta ihu,sai suka ga wuta ta harba zuwa sama.An cinna wa majami'ar wuta da dukan littattafai masu tsarki da littattafai a ciki.Bayan Barzani ya rada wa wani suna a asirce da ta koya daga wurin mahaifinta,sai mutanen suka ga garke mala’iku suna saukowa zuwa rufin majami’a.Mala'iku suka dukan harshen wuta da fikafikansu,har sai da aka kashe duk wani tartsatsi na ƙarshe.Sa'an nan suka tashi zuwa cikin sama kamar garken fararen tattabarai,suka tafi.Sa’ad da hayaƙin ya ɗauke,sai kowa ya ga cewa,ba Yahudawa kaɗai suka ji rauni ba tun da ikilisiyar tana waje,amma an yi wani abin al’ajabi:majami’a ba ta ƙone ba,wutar kuma ba ta taɓa ko ɗaya daga cikin littattafan Attaura ba..Bayan wannan mu’ujiza,al’ummai sun daɗe ba su tsananta wa Yahudawa na Amadi ba.Da godiya,sun sake suna majami'ar sunanta,kuma labarin ya ƙare da kalmomin"kuma yana tsaye har yau".
== Duba kuma ==
* Timeline na mata rabbi
== Nassoshi ==
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Lubandji Ochumba
0
53906
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[[File:2023-07-07_Fussball,_Frauen,_L%C3%A4nderspiel,_Deutschland_-_Sambia_1DX_7028_by_Stepro.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Lubandji Ochumba]]
[[Fayil:2023-07-07 Fussball, Frauen, Länderspiel, Deutschland - Sambia 1DX 6977 by Stepro.jpg|thumb|hoton ludanji]]
'''Ochumba Oseke Lubandji''' (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Zambia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na Red Arrows FC da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Zambia. Ta fafata a Zambia a gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata ta shekara ta 2018, inda ta buga wasa daya. <ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|accessdate=16 June 2019}}</ref> An nada ta a cikin tawagar Zambia don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA shekarar 2023.
[[File:2023-07-07_Fussball,_Frauen,_L%C3%A4nderspiel,_Deutschland_-_Sambia_1DX_6917_by_Stepro.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Lubandji Ochumba]]
== Manazarta ==
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== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
* Ochumba Lubandji at FBref.com
* Ochumba Lubandji on Instagram
* Ochumba Lubandji at Olympedia
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Keanu Reeves
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[[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]]
[[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]]
[[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]]
'''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo; <ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref>[4] [5] [6] an haife shi Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi. Shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a.
An haife shi a Beirut, Lebanon kuma ya girma a Toronto, Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin talabijin na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed (1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003).
Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023).
Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel.
== Kuruciya ==
An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref>. Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref>]Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa, <ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref>
Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura dangin zuwa Sydney, <ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa New York City, inda ta auri Paul Aaron, darektan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref>
Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da Etobicoke School of Arts, inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da dyslexia kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin De La Salle, ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗauka a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar De La Salle College, ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> Reeves yana riƙe da ɗan ƙasar Kanada kawai.<ref>Champenois, Sabrina (March 2009). "Irresistible". ''Vogue Hommes International''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>
== Sana'a ==
'''1984-1990: Aikin farko'''
A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin Brad Fraser ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>
Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin "K. C." ko "Casey" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref>
Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da NBC's Babes a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da Brotherhood of Justice. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin Peter Markle's Youngblood (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi, Flying. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "na halitta kuma abin dogara", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>
A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>
A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci Tune in Gobe. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na Rush Rush wanda ya ƙunshi wani ɗan tawaye ba tare da dalili ba, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>
'''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka'''
A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey, mabiyi ga Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na sub-moronic [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara snickering duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manya. Haɗin gwiwa tare da Kogin Phoenix a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada My Own Private Idaho, haruffan sun fara tafiya na gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan Shakespeare's Henry IV, Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> My Own Private Idaho ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin "fim ɗin hanya na zamani tare da yanayi na shaye-shaye, rashi-kamar yanke ƙauna [...] mai arziki, gwaninta mai ban sha'awa"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>
Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A MTV Movie Awards na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Maza Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>
A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga guitar bass. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin Stoker's 1897 Dracula. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi daidai ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa.[54] Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>
A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin Much Ado About Nothing, bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da Cowgirls Get the Blues da Little Buddha, dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.[59][60] Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ƙaramin Buddha sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>.
Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan motsa jiki Speed (1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na Point Break.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves River Phoenix (kuma abokin aikina a My Own Private Idaho) ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki Speed a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. Gene Siskel na Chicago Tribune ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "cikakkiyar kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita Speed kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta blockbuster wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Academy guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>
'''1995–1998: Canjin aiki'''
Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic, wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>
Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>
Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba Theatre Center na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar Sunday Times Roger Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>.
Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed 2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa Fox Century na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref>
Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>..
'''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo'''
A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>
Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.[83] Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a[93]. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.[94] A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.[95] Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."[96]
A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.[97] Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.[98] Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".[99]
A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.[100] Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.[101][102] Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.[103] Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"[104]. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.[105] Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.[106].
Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"[107]. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.[108] Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." [109] Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.[110] Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.[111]
'''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta'''
n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.[112] Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"[113]. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.[114] Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".[115]
Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.[116] Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.[117] Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.[118][119]. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, [120] Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.[121] A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi[122].
Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.[123] Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”[124]. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"[125]. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.[126] Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".[127][128].
Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.[129] Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"[130]. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.[131] Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.[132][133] Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.[134]. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.[135]
A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.[136] Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, [137] [138] kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.[139] Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.[140] The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”[142]. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.[143][144] Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba.
'''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick'''
Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na John Wick ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.[146] An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.[147] Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.[148] Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".[149]. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.[150] Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, Knock Knock (2015), sake yin Wasan Mutuwa (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.[151] Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.[152][153].
Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.[154][155] Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa[156]. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).[157] A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ƙazamin ƙazamin Batch[158]. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".[159] Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.[160]
n 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.[161] Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).[162] Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".[163]. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017, sannan aka rarraba akan Netflix a watan Yuli.[164][165] Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.[166] A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.[167][168]
Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 comedy Destination Wedding, game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.[169][170] Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"[171]. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.[171][172]
Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.[173] Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.[174] Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"[175]. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.[176][177] Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.[178] A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.[179] A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.[180] Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.[181] A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.[182][183] Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.[184]
A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.[185] A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.[186][187] Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"[188]. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.[189] Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.[191][192] A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.[193][194] Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "babu mai canza wasa".[196]
'''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick'''
John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa a matsayin mai taken [197]. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.[198][199][200] Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada Cyberpunk 2077, 'Yancin fatalwa.[201] Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta tare an buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.[202] Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama fitowar farko-sayarwa tun Star Wars #1 a cikin 2015.[203][204]
Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman jam a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar ta COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Dabino (2023).[2023]. ] Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na BottleRock Napa Valley, [206] Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.[207] [208][209] A watan Yuli, Boom! Studios ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: Lines na Jini, mai suna Waƙar Hauka.[210] Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na Ride tare da Norman Reedus (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".[211] CinemaBlend's Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."[212] A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don Hulu da Disney +.[213] Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". [214] A karshen wannan watan, Boom! Studios ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: jerin Jini, mai suna Fallen Empire.[215]
A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, Netflix ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon suna komawa mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na mahaliccin Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.[216] A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.[217] A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin Sauran wurare, wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.[218][219] An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.[220][221] Wani BRZRKR Bloodlines spin-off, mai suna The Lost Book of B wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.[222] Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin Ancient Apocalypse akan Netflix, inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.[223]. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin Armored Core na jerin raye-rayen anthology Level Asirin.[224] Reeves ya bayyana Shadow the Hedgehog a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na Shadow Generations (2024).[225]
'''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa'''
Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na Shadow the Hedgehog a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic the Hedgehog 3, wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.[226] Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, Good Fortune.[227] Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill sakamakon a kan Apple TV+.[228][229] A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 daga Duniya na John Wick: Ballerina, Reeves an saita shi don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Faransa.[230][231] An saita Reeves don tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.[232] Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.[233] Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na Jiran Godot wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.[234]
Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.[235][236] Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan Netflix kuma wanda Production I.G ya shirya.[237] Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, [238] [239] amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan "hutu" na yanzu.[240]. Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.[241]
== Rayuwar shi ta sirri ==
A cikin 1998, Reeves ya sadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka jefa don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.[242] A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta ga yaron ma'auratan, wanda aka haifa. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta[243]. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu lokacin da motarta ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles. Syme ta kasance ƙarƙashin rinjayar kuma ba a ɗaure shi ba[244][245]. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, [243] kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.[244] Reeves ya kasance mai ɗaukar nauyi ga Syme, [244] wanda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.[246] An tsara shi don yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa The Matrix a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.[244].
Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ubangida ne, [247] [248] [249] da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.[250][251] Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.[252] A cikin 2009, Reeves ya sadu da Alexandra Grant a wani abincin dare; sun ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare[253][254]. Sun tafi jama'a tare da alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.[3][1][255]
Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne "na sirri da na sirri"[256]. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiya, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”[257]. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din karamin Buddha.[62] Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."[62].
A cikin 2023, lipopeptide keanumycin, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, an ba shi suna don girmama Reeves.[258]
A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."[259] A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan Race 1 da 24th akan Race 2 a Titin Motar Indianapolis.[260][261]
== Takaddama ==
A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "Pull My Daisy" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.[279][280] 281] An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.[282][283]
== A cikin kafafen yada labarai ==
A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun introvert na Hollywood".[284]. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”[284]. Erwin Stoff na 3 Arts Entertainment ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.[284][285] A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawa. na alheri, Keanu."[286] Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin Good. Fortune, ya yi ba'a cewa "hakika mala'ika ne", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba "[288].
A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" [254][289] Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”[290]
Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da "Saurayin Intanet".[291][292][293]. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.[294] Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", [270] The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin", 219] kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."[295] Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".[297].
== Lambobin karramawa ==
Fim ɗin da ya shahara tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin rukunin Rubutun Tumatir, sun haɗa da: River's Edge (1987), Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), My Own Private Idaho (1991), Much Ado Game da Komai (1993), Speed (1994), The Matrix (1999), John Wick (2014), John Wick: Babi na 2 (2017), John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), da Labari na Toy 4 (2019).[322] Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da ya yi a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref>
A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's Mafi Sexiest Man Alive.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar Tae Kwon Do Life ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin "# 1 Martial Arts star in the world" bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, TV, Comics, da Littattafai a San Diego Comic-Con.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref>
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[[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]]
[[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]]
[[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]]
'''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo; <ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref>[4] [5] [6] an haife shi Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi. Shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a.
An haife shi a Beirut, Lebanon kuma ya girma a Toronto, Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin talabijin na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed (1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003).
Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023).
Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel.
== Kuruciya ==
An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref>. Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref>]Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa, <ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref>
Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura dangin zuwa Sydney, <ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa New York City, inda ta auri Paul Aaron, darektan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref>
Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da Etobicoke School of Arts, inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da dyslexia kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin De La Salle, ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗauka a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar De La Salle College, ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> Reeves yana riƙe da ɗan ƙasar Kanada kawai.<ref>Champenois, Sabrina (March 2009). "Irresistible". ''Vogue Hommes International''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>
== Sana'a ==
'''1984-1990: Aikin farko'''
A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin Brad Fraser ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>
Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin "K. C." ko "Casey" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref>
Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da NBC's Babes a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da Brotherhood of Justice. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin Peter Markle's Youngblood (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi, Flying. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "na halitta kuma abin dogara", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>
A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>
A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci Tune in Gobe. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na Rush Rush wanda ya ƙunshi wani ɗan tawaye ba tare da dalili ba, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>
'''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka'''
A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey, mabiyi ga Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na sub-moronic [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara snickering duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manya. Haɗin gwiwa tare da Kogin Phoenix a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada My Own Private Idaho, haruffan sun fara tafiya na gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan Shakespeare's Henry IV, Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> My Own Private Idaho ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin "fim ɗin hanya na zamani tare da yanayi na shaye-shaye, rashi-kamar yanke ƙauna [...] mai arziki, gwaninta mai ban sha'awa"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>
Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A MTV Movie Awards na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Maza Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>
A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga guitar bass. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin Stoker's 1897 Dracula. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi daidai ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa.[54] Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>
A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin Much Ado About Nothing, bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da Cowgirls Get the Blues da Little Buddha, dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.[59][60] Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ƙaramin Buddha sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>.
Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan motsa jiki Speed (1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na Point Break.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves River Phoenix (kuma abokin aikina a My Own Private Idaho) ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki Speed a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. Gene Siskel na Chicago Tribune ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "cikakkiyar kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita Speed kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta blockbuster wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Academy guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>
'''1995–1998: Canjin aiki'''
Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic, wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>
Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>
Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba Theatre Center na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar Sunday Times Roger Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>.
Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed 2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa Fox Century na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref>
Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>..
'''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo'''
A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>
Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>
A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>
A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>
Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>
'''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta'''
n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>
Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.[121] A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi[122].
Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.[123] Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”[124]. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"[125]. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.[126] Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".[127][128].
Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.[129] Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"[130]. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.[131] Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.[132][133] Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.[134]. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.[135]
A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.[136] Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, [137] [138] kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.[139] Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.[140] The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”[142]. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.[143][144] Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba.
'''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick'''
Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na John Wick ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.[146] An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.[147] Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.[148] Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".[149]. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.[150] Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, Knock Knock (2015), sake yin Wasan Mutuwa (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.[151] Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.[152][153].
Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.[154][155] Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa[156]. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).[157] A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ƙazamin ƙazamin Batch[158]. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".[159] Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.[160]
n 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.[161] Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).[162] Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".[163]. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017, sannan aka rarraba akan Netflix a watan Yuli.[164][165] Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.[166] A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.[167][168]
Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 comedy Destination Wedding, game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.[169][170] Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"[171]. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.[171][172]
Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.[173] Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.[174] Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"[175]. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.[176][177] Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.[178] A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.[179] A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.[180] Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.[181] A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.[182][183] Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.[184]
A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.[185] A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.[186][187] Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"[188]. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.[189] Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.[191][192] A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.[193][194] Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "babu mai canza wasa".[196]
'''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick'''
John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa a matsayin mai taken [197]. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.[198][199][200] Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada Cyberpunk 2077, 'Yancin fatalwa.[201] Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta tare an buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.[202] Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama fitowar farko-sayarwa tun Star Wars #1 a cikin 2015.[203][204]
Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman jam a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar ta COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Dabino (2023).[2023]. ] Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na BottleRock Napa Valley, [206] Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.[207] [208][209] A watan Yuli, Boom! Studios ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: Lines na Jini, mai suna Waƙar Hauka.[210] Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na Ride tare da Norman Reedus (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".[211] CinemaBlend's Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."[212] A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don Hulu da Disney +.[213] Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". [214] A karshen wannan watan, Boom! Studios ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: jerin Jini, mai suna Fallen Empire.[215]
A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, Netflix ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon suna komawa mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na mahaliccin Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.[216] A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.[217] A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin Sauran wurare, wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.[218][219] An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.[220][221] Wani BRZRKR Bloodlines spin-off, mai suna The Lost Book of B wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.[222] Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin Ancient Apocalypse akan Netflix, inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.[223]. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin Armored Core na jerin raye-rayen anthology Level Asirin.[224] Reeves ya bayyana Shadow the Hedgehog a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na Shadow Generations (2024).[225]
'''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa'''
Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na Shadow the Hedgehog a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic the Hedgehog 3, wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.[226] Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, Good Fortune.[227] Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill sakamakon a kan Apple TV+.[228][229] A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 daga Duniya na John Wick: Ballerina, Reeves an saita shi don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Faransa.[230][231] An saita Reeves don tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.[232] Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.[233] Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na Jiran Godot wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.[234]
Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.[235][236] Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan Netflix kuma wanda Production I.G ya shirya.[237] Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, [238] [239] amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan "hutu" na yanzu.[240]. Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.[241]
== Rayuwar shi ta sirri ==
A cikin 1998, Reeves ya sadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka jefa don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.[242] A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta ga yaron ma'auratan, wanda aka haifa. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta[243]. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu lokacin da motarta ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles. Syme ta kasance ƙarƙashin rinjayar kuma ba a ɗaure shi ba[244][245]. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, [243] kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.[244] Reeves ya kasance mai ɗaukar nauyi ga Syme, [244] wanda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.[246] An tsara shi don yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa The Matrix a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.[244].
Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ubangida ne, [247] [248] [249] da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.[250][251] Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.[252] A cikin 2009, Reeves ya sadu da Alexandra Grant a wani abincin dare; sun ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare[253][254]. Sun tafi jama'a tare da alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.[3][1][255]
Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne "na sirri da na sirri"[256]. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiya, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”[257]. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din karamin Buddha.[62] Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."[62].
A cikin 2023, lipopeptide keanumycin, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, an ba shi suna don girmama Reeves.[258]
A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."[259] A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan Race 1 da 24th akan Race 2 a Titin Motar Indianapolis.[260][261]
== Takaddama ==
A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "Pull My Daisy" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.[279][280] 281] An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.[282][283]
== A cikin kafafen yada labarai ==
A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun introvert na Hollywood".[284]. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”[284]. Erwin Stoff na 3 Arts Entertainment ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.[284][285] A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawa. na alheri, Keanu."[286] Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin Good. Fortune, ya yi ba'a cewa "hakika mala'ika ne", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba "[288].
A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" [254][289] Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”[290]
Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da "Saurayin Intanet".[291][292][293]. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.[294] Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", [270] The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin", 219] kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."[295] Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".[297].
== Lambobin karramawa ==
Fim ɗin da ya shahara tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin rukunin Rubutun Tumatir, sun haɗa da: River's Edge (1987), Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), My Own Private Idaho (1991), Much Ado Game da Komai (1993), Speed (1994), The Matrix (1999), John Wick (2014), John Wick: Babi na 2 (2017), John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), da Labari na Toy 4 (2019).[322] Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da ya yi a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref>
A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's Mafi Sexiest Man Alive.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar Tae Kwon Do Life ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin "# 1 Martial Arts star in the world" bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, TV, Comics, da Littattafai a San Diego Comic-Con.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref>
{{Stub}}
==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]]
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Honda Civic Type R
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Honda Civic Type R jerin manyan hatchback / sedan model ne na [[Honda Civic|Civic]], haɓakawa da samarwa ta Honda tun Satumba 19. Nau'in Civic na farko R shine samfuri na uku don karɓar lambar lambar Honda's Type R (bayan NSX da Integra ). Nau'in nau'in R na Civic yawanci suna da haske da taurin jiki, injuna na musamman, da ingantattun birki da chassis, kuma ana bayar da su ne kawai a cikin watsa mai sauri-biyar ko shida. Kamar sauran nau'in r modoci, ana amfani da ja a bangon Honda Badge don ba shi ɗan wasa na wasanni na musamman kuma ya ware shi daga wasu samfuran.
== EK9 (1997; dangane da ƙarni na shida Civic) ==
Civic na farko da ya karɓi farantin sunan ' Nau'in R ' ya dogara ne akan ƙarni na shida na fan-base 'EK' Civic. Samfurin tushe mai ba da gudummawa shine JDM Civic 3-kofa hatchback da ake kira SiR (lamba mai suna EK4). Kamar ɗan'uwansa, Integra Type R DC2 / JDM DB8, Civic SiR ta canji a cikin wani nau'i na R ya samu ta hanyar yin aiki a kan samfurin tushe da kuma inganta shi zuwa ra'ayin Honda na mota mai iya yin babban aiki a kan kewaye.
An gabatar da Civic na farko da ya karɓi lambar Type R a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1997, azaman EK9. EK9 ya raba halaye da yawa tare da Nau'in Integra R DC2 / JDM DB8 kamar tsallakewar mutuwar sauti da sauran matakan rage nauyi, injin B16B mai ɗaukar hoto, gaban helical iyakance-zamewa bambanci da watsa ragi na kusa . Injin B16B ya yi alfahari da ɗayan mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kowace lita na kowane lokaci don injin da ake so na zahiri tare da {{Convert|185|PS|kW hp|0}} a 8,200 rpm da {{Convert|160|Nm|lbft|0}} a 7,500 rpm na karfin juyi daga {{Convert|1595|cc|L|1}} na ƙaura. A karon farko, an yi amfani da dabarar kabu mai welded monocoque chassis don inganta rigidity na chassis. Cikin ciki ya nuna jajayen kujerun guga na Recaro, katunan kofa, jajayen katifa na bene na nau'in R, kullin motsi na titanium, da sitiyarin nannade fata na Momo . EK9 yana samuwa ne kawai don siyarwa a Japan.
Ƙididdiga masu aiki sun haɗa da 0–97 km/h (0-60 mph) lokacin hanzari na daƙiƙa 6.7 da lokacin mil kwata na 15.3 seconds. EK9 na iya kaiwa babban gudun 225 km/h (140 mph) .
A cikin 1998, an gabatar da bugun Civic Type R Motor Sports. Ya zo tare da ƙafafun karfe, daidaitaccen ciki EK launin toka, tagogin hannu, babu kwandishan kuma ba tare da wani jin daɗin halitta ba.
Nau'in Rx da aka gabatar a cikin 1999 an ba da na'urar CD, madubin ƙofar lantarki mai launin jiki, tagogin wutar lantarki, kwandishan na atomatik, tsarin buɗe maɓalli na maɓalli, fedal ɗin wasanni na aluminum, da kwamiti na nau'in carbon. Nau'in Rx shine samfurin ƙarshe na tsarar EK9. Samar da Nau'in Civic na EK9 R ya kai raka'a 16,000.
A cikin 1999, Kamfanin tuning Honda Spoon Sports ya tsara nau'in tseren N1 na Type R wanda ke da layin injin B16B ya karu daga 8,400. rpm zuwa 11,000 rpm.
== EP3 (2001; dangane da ƙarni na bakwai Civic) ==
A cikin 2001, Honda ya gabatar da ƙarni na gaba na Civic Type R a matsayin keɓaɓɓen hatchback mai ƙofa 3 zuwa kasuwar Burtaniya, wanda aka kera a Swindon, Ingila. Wannan Kasuwar Cikin Gida ta Turai ta Civic Type R ta ƙunshi {{Convert|200|PS|kW hp|0}} injin i-VTEC 2.0-lita (K20A2) da nau'in nau'in R na yau da kullun na maganin walda, watsa saurin 6-gudu da haɓaka birki, amma bai haɗa da wasu manyan fasalulluka na ƙarshe ba kamar ƙarancin helical. -slip bambancin kujerun tseren Recaro ja waɗanda suka kasance daidai da EK9.
Koyaya, Honda ya tallata sigar JDM ( kasuwar cikin gida ta Jafananci ) na EP3 (wanda aka kera shi na musamman a Swindon, UK kuma an tura shi zuwa Japan), wanda ya riƙe babban mashahurin helical LSD mai kama da na EK9 da jajayen kujerun tseren Recaro . Sauran bambance-bambancen samfurin JDM sun haɗa da ƙarin saitunan chassis mai ɗaukar waƙa idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar Turai da kuma injin da ya fi ƙarfin da ke da ƙarfin {{Convert|215|PS|kW hp|0}} (wanda aka zana K20A) yana da cikakkiyar ma'auni na crankshaft taro tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan abinci daban-daban, nau'ikan shaye-shaye, camshafts masu ɗagawa, manyan pistons masu matsawa, chrome-moly flywheel da shirye-shiryen ECU. Dukkanin na'urorin wutar lantarki na K20A na nau'in R na Japan-spec an gina su a cikin Japan kuma an tura su zuwa shukar Swindon da za a girka a cikin nau'in Japan-spec Type R EP3. Hakanan ana samun JDM EP3 a cikin Nau'in Gasar Gasar Cin Kofin gargajiya na gargajiya yayin da kasuwar cikin gida ta Turai (EDM) ba ta kasance ba. EDM yana da mafi annashuwa ma'auni na kayan aiki da kuma wasu ƙananan juzu'in rpm da aka yi ciniki don ƙananan rpm idan aka kwatanta da bambancin JDM.
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Mary Anne Barker
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[[Fayil:Broome and Barker.jpg|thumb|bajer da broome]]
[[Fayil:Mary Anne Barker.jpg|thumb|anne Baker]]
'''Mary Anne Barker''', '''Lady Barker,''' (29 Janairu,1831 - 6 Maris 1911), daga baya '''Mary Anne Broome''', '''Lady Broome''', marubuciya ce ta Ingilishi. Tayi rubutu yawanci game da rayuwa a [[New Zealand]] .
==Farkon rayuwa da karatu==
An haifi Mary Anne Stewart a Garin Mutanen Espanya, [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], ita ce babbar 'yar Walter Steward, Sakataren Tsibirin [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] . Ta yi karatu a [[Ingila]], kuma a cikin shekarar 1852 ta auri Kyaftin George Robert Barker na Royal Artillery, wanda ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu tare da shi. Lokacin da aka yi wa Barker jagoranci a Siege na Lucknow, Mary Anne ta zama "Lady Barker". Bayan watanni takwas Barker ya mutu.<ref>{{Cite dictionary |last=Hasluck |first=Alexandra |author-link=Alexandra Hasluck |title=Broome, Mary Anne (1831 - 1911) |chapter=Broome, Lady Mary Anne (1831–1911) |dictionary=Australian Dictionary of Biography |year=1969 |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |chapter-url=http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A030231b.htm |accessdate=7 March 2011}}</ref>
A ranar ashirin da ɗaya ga Yuni 1865, Mary Anne Barker ta auri Frederick Napier Broome. Ma'auratan sun tashi zuwa [[New Zealand]], sun bar 'ya'yanta biyu a Ingila. An haifi ɗan fari na ma'auratan a Christchurch a cikin watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1866, amma ya mutu a watan Mayu. A wannan lokacin, sun koma tashar tumaki ''Steventon'', wanda Broome ya haɗe da [[H. P. Hill|HP Hill]] don saya. Suka zauna a can har shekara uku;<ref>{{Cite book |last=Regnault |first=Claire |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1245592939 |title=Dressed : fashionable dress in Aotearoa New Zealand 1840 to 1910 |date=2021 |publisher=Te Papa Press |isbn=978-0-9941460-6-9 |location=Wellington, New Zealand |pages=103 |oclc=1245592939}}</ref> sun yi asarar fiye da rabin tumakinsu a cikin hunturu na shekarar 1867, kuma saboda wannan Broome ya sayar kuma ma'auratan suka koma [[Landan|London]].
Dukansu Mary Anne da mijinta sai suka zama 'yan jarida. Har yanzu tana kiran kanta "Lady Barker", Mary Anne Broome ta zama wakiliyar ''The Times'' kuma ta buga littattafai guda biyu: ''Waƙoƙi daga New Zealand'' (1868) da ''Baƙo daga Seriphos'' (1869).
A cikin shekarar 1870, ta buga ''tashar Rayuwa a New Zealand'', tarin wasiƙunta gida. Littafin ya yi nasara, ya bi ta cikin bugu da yawa kuma an fassara shi cikin Faransanci da Jamusanci. Ta yi tsokaci da cewa
: [[Fayil:Angelica Schuyler Church, Ausschnitt des Gemäldes von John Trumbull (ca. 1785).jpg|thumb|Mary Anne Barker]]''Maganar da aka saba yi a New Zealand ita ce, mutane suna mutuwa ne kawai daga nutsewa da buguwa.'' ''Ina jin tsoron cewa na farko shine gaba ɗaya sakamakon na ƙarshe.''
A cikin shekaru takwas masu zuwa, Lady Barker ta rubuta ƙarin littattafai goma, ciki har da [http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/barker/christmas/christmas.html cincin na ''Kirsimeti a cikin tsagu Hudu''] (1871), wani mabiyi na ''tashar Rayuwa'' mai suna ''Station Amusements a New Zealand'' (1873), da ''Darasi na Farko a cikin Ka'idodin dafa abinci'' (1874). Wannan laƙabi na ƙarshe ya kai ga nada ta Lady Sufeto na Makarantar Koyar da Abinci ta Ƙasa a Kudancin Kensington .
Lokacin da aka nada Frederick Broome [[Colonial Secretary of Natal|Sakataren mulkin mallaka na Natal]] a shekarar 1875, Lady Barker ta raka shi a can. Nadin da Broome ya yi na mulkin mallaka ya sa shi tafiya zuwa [[Moris|Mauritius]], Western Australia, [[Barbados]], da [[Trinidad]]. Yin la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan, Lady Barker ta buga ''Aikin Gida na Shekara a Afirka ta Kudu'' (1877) da ''Wasika zuwa Guy'' (1885).
An naɗa Frederick Broome a ranar uku ga watan Yuli 1884, sannan Mary Anne ta kira kanta "Lady Broome". Ta buga na ƙarshe na littattafanta ashirin da biyu, ''Memories na Mulki'' a ƙarƙashin wannan sunan. Bayan mutuwar Sir Frederick Broome a 1896, Lady Broome ta koma [[Landan|London]], ta mutu a can ranar shida ga watan Maris shekara ta 1911.
[[Fayil:Stuart Middleton, Patsy Reddy, David Gascoigne, Mary Barker, Ian Barker.jpg|thumb|Mary Anne Barker]]
An binne ta tare da mijinta Frederick a gefen gabas na makabartar Highgate.
== Ayyuka ==
* ''Rayuwar tashar a New Zealand'' (Whitcomb da Tombs, 1870, sake buga 1950) <ref name="Jarndyce">Jarndyce Catalogue CCXLIX, Travellers. Spring 2021. {{ISBN|978-1-910156-41-4}}.</ref>
* ''Abubuwan Nishaɗi na Tasha a New Zealand'' (1873)
* ''Aikin Gida na Shekara a Afirka ta Kudu'' (Macmillan, 1877)
* ''Bedroom da Boudoir'' (1878)
==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Haifaffun 1831]]
[[category:Mutuwan 1911]]
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Harshen Pangwa
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Pangwa ƙungiya ce ta kabilar Bantu da ke yankin Kipengere a gabashin gabar tafkin Malawi,a gundumar Ludewa ta yankin Njombe a kudancin Tanzaniya . A cikin 2002 an kiyasta yawan mutanen Pangwa ya kai 95,000 <ref>https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/pbr/</ref> . Yaren Pangwa dan kabilar Bantu, ne.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180203191542/http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf</ref>
==Manazarta==
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Mary Fickett
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'''Mary Fickett''' (Mayu 23, 1928 - Satumba 8, 2011) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce, Ba'amurkiya wacce ta taka rawa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na Amurka ''The Nurses'', da ''The'' ''Edge of Night'' inda ta fito a matsayin Sally Smith (1961) da Dr. Katherine Lovell (1967-68), bi da bi. kuma ta fito a matsayin Ruth Parker Brent Martin #1 a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai suna ''All My Children'' (1970–1996; 1999–2000).<ref name=":0">https://archive.today/20120604023123/http://www.fredericksburg.com/News/FLS/2011/092011/09102011/650918</ref>
== Kuruciya da Aiki ==
An haife Fickett a Buffalo, New York kuma ta girma a Bronxville, wani yanki na New York City. Ta halarci Kwalejin Wheaton a Massachusetts, ta fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin 1946 akan Cape Cod.<ref name=":1">Martin, Douglas (September 12, 2011). "Mary Fickett, a Pillar of 'All My Children,' Dies at 83". ''The New York Times''.</ref> A cikin 1949, ta fara fitowa ta Broadway ta halarta a karon a cikin ''I Know My Love'', wani wasan barkwanci mai tauraro Alfred Lunt da Lynn Fontanne.<ref>"Actress Mary Fickett dies at Callao home". Archived from the original on June 4, 2012.</ref> Fickett ta yi karatu a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na New York City's Neighborhood Playhouse a ƙarƙashin Sanford Meisner kuma ta fara aikinta na talabijin tana aiki akan shirye-shiryen gidan wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin kamar Kraft Television Theater a cikin 1950s. Fim ɗinta na farko shine ''Man on Fire'' tare da Bing Crosby a cikin 1957. A cikin 1958, ta karɓi lambar yabo ta Tony Award a matsayin Mafi kyawun Fitacciyar Jaruma a cikin Waƙa don wasanta na Eleanor Roosevelt a Sunrise a Campobello, gaban Ralph Bellamy.
A cikin shekarun 1960s, an nuna ta a cikin Kalanda, mai gaba ga CBS' The Early Show; ta bayyana tare da mai masaukin baki Harry Reasoner.
== Rayuwar ta, ta sirri ==
Fickett tana da yara biyu daga aurenta uku. Auren ta na uku kuma na ƙarshe shine Allen Fristoe ( darektan TV na rana) daga Yuni 1979 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2008.
== Ritaya ==
A tsakiyar 1990s, Fickett ta yanke shawarar cewa tana so ta rage jadawali kuma ta karasa rayuwar ta tare da danginta. Ta ƙyale kwangilarta ta ƙare kuma tana tsammanin za ta ci gaba da kasancewa akai-akai, ma'ana har yanzu za ta iya fitowa a cikin shirin amma ba dole ba ne ta cika wasu wajibai na kwangila ko mafi ƙarancin bayyanar. Tattaunawa tare da masu samar da shirin sun rushe, kuma an sake mayar da aikin Ruth Martin tare da Lee Meriwether yana ɗaukar hali a cikin 1996. A cikin 1999, Meriwether ya bar shi kuma Fickett ya sake yin aiki a kan matsayi mai maimaitawa. Ta sake komawa matsayin Ruth kuma ta goyi bayan labarun gaba da yawa ciki har da soyayyar ɗan Tad tare da Dixie da rushewar auren ɗan Dr. Jake (Joey) Martin da Gillian. Bayan wata shekara, Fickett ta yanke shawarar cewa ta daina aiki daga tsarin wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu mai aiki kuma ta yi ritaya a cikin Disamba 2000. A cikin shekarar 2002, masu samarwa sun so su dawo da halin Ruth, amma Fickett ta ci gaba da ritayarta, don haka Meriwether ya sake yin aiki kuma ya buga wasa. Ruth a duk lokacin da taron ya taso.
== Lafiya ==
A cikin 2007, Fickett ta koma tare da 'yarta, Bronwyn Congdon, a cikin Colonial Beach, Virginia, inda ta kasance a kwance.<ref>"News re Fickett's move to her daughter's home". Archived from the original on July 8, 2012.</ref> Fickett ta mutu Satumba 8, 2011, tana da shekaru 83, a gidanta na Callao, Virginia, daga rikice-rikice na cutar Alzheimer, a cewar 'yarta.<ref>"Mary Fickett, AMC's original Ruth, dead at 83". ''soapcentral.com.''</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ABC ta sadaukar da jerin shirye-shiryen ƙarshe na Duk Yarana a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Fickett. Wannan labarin ya fito ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2011.
{{Stub}}
==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Mutuwan 2011]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1928]]
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'''Godavari''' (IAST: Godāvarī [ɡod̪aːʋəɾiː])<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=j4DsCAAAQBAJ</ref> shine kogi na biyu mafi tsayi a Indiya bayan kogin Ganga kuma ya malalo zuwa cikin ruwa mafi girma na uku a Indiya, wanda ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 10% na jimlar yanki na Indiya. Tushensa yana cikin Trimbakeshwar,Nashik, Maharashtra.<ref>https://archive.org/download/godavaridistrict01frhe/godavaridistrict01frhe.pdf</ref>{{stub}}
==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
k33hxn1n124yhb3gy980p2t1a3n7x71
Gopala Davies
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[[Fayil:Gopala Davies-Headshot.jpg|thumb|Gopala Davies]]
'''Gopala Davies''' anhaife shi 14 ga Mayu Shekara ta 1988) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma darekta. An san shi sosai don samar da wasan kwaikwayo na tsaka-tsaki na Barbe Bleue: Labari game da hauka, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Bankin Banki a Ma'aikatar Fasaha ta Kasa a cikin 2015, da Kyautar Daraktan Dalibai a 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Staff Reporter|url=http://www.grocotts.co.za/content/online-first-national-arts-festival-ovation-awards-announced-festival-end-15-07-2014|accessdate=22 January 2016|agency=[[Grocott's Mail]]|date=15 July 2014|archive-date=9 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309221300/http://www.grocotts.co.za/content/online-first-national-arts-festival-ovation-awards-announced-festival-end-15-07-2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Taylor|first1=Anne|title=Creative excellence rewarded at National Arts Festival 2015|url=https://www.nationalartsfestival.co.za/news/creative-excellence-rewarded-at-national-arts-festival-2015/|accessdate=25 January 2016|publisher=[[National Arts Festival]]|date=12 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lankester|first1=Tony|title=2014 Standard Bank Ovation Awards announced at National Arts Festival|url=https://www.nationalartsfestival.co.za/author/tonylankester/|accessdate=25 January 2016|publisher=National Arts Festival|date=13 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=BWW News Desk|title=2014 Standard Bank Ovation Awards Revealed at National Arts Festival|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/south-africa/article/2014-Standard-Bank-Ovation-Awards-Revealed-at-National-Arts-Festival-20140714#|accessdate=22 January 2016|agency=BWW|date=14 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Aldridge|first1=William|last2=Kruger|first2=Elmarie|title=Barbe Bleue: a story of madness|url=http://www.perdeby.co.za/sections/entertainment/events/4392-barbe-bleue-a-story-of-madness|website=Perdeby|accessdate=22 January 2016|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030522/http://www.perdeby.co.za/sections/entertainment/events/4392-barbe-bleue-a-story-of-madness|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Gopala ya buga halin Adam a cikin gajeriyar Fim Lilith: Genesis One wanda ya lashe rukunin fina-finai a 2015 PPC Imaginarium Awards.[6]da 2016 'Mafi kyawun Gwaji na Duniya' a ICARO Festival Internacional de Cine. Yana taka rawar Robert a cikin SABC 1 opera opera Generations: The Legacy. Gopala ya kuma zagaya Afirka ta Kudu tare da Pieter
cikin 2013 Gopala ya taka rawar Mohammed a cikin Tom Coash's Cry Havoc, wanda Grace Meadows da Ashraf Johaardien suka samar, inda ya yi tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo David Dennis da Brenda Radloff.
cikin 2016 Cibiyar Faransa ta Afirka ta Kudu (Institut Français) ta ba da izini ga Gopala don jagorantar Les Cenci: Labari game da Artaud don Babban Shirin Bikin Fasaha na Kasa. kuma taka rawar Alphonse Lebel a cikin Jade Bowers" Scorched, wanda Wajdi Mouawad ya rubuta.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lindberg|first1=Dawn|title=The winners – Naledi Theatre Awards 2011|url=http://www.naleditheatreawards.org.za/winners2011.htm|website=Naledi Theatre Awards|accessdate=22 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=McKenna|first1=Neal|title=Brilliant Boys|url=http://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/life/brilliant-boys-1.1122634?ot=inmsa.ArticlePrintPageLayout.ot|accessdate=25 January 2016|publisher=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]|date=22 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Pieter Toerien Productions|title=Making history with Pieter Toerien|url=http://www.artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=27378|accessdate=25 January 2016|publisher=Artslink|date=15 June 2011|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808104923/https://www.artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=27378|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Haihuwan 1988]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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'''Natasha Sutherland,''' (an haife ta ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba, 1970), [[Ɗan wasa|ƴar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Afirka ta Kudu. An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Honeytown'', Tarzan: The Epic Adventures da Scandal!. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, ita ma marubuciya ce, da bayar da shawara.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Natasha_Sutherland| title=Natasha Sutherland |publisher=ESAT | access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref>
== Fina-finai ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Genre
|-
| 1991 || ''Egoli: Place of Gold'' || Samantha Ryan du Plessis || TV series
|-
| 1994 || ''Honeytown'' || Carrie || TV series
|-
| 1995 || ''Honeytown II'' || Carrie || TV mini-series
|-
| 1995 || ''The Uninvited Guest'' || Mandy Thompson || TV series'
|-
| 1997 || ''Tarzan: The Epic Adventures'' || Dalen || TV series
|-
| 1997 || ''Operation Delta Force'' || Lt. Marie Junger || TV movie
|-
| 1998 || ''Wycliffe'' || Young Mum || TV series
|-
| 2008–present || ''[[Scandal! (South African TV series)|Scandal!]]'' || Layla McKenzie || TV series
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Binnelanders]]'' || Birdy || TV series
|}
==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}
==Hanyoyin Hadi na waje==
* {{IMDb name|nm0840148}}
* [http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPJHC/2010/151.html Sutherland v Hofmeyr]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sutherland, Natasha}}
[[Category:Haifaffun 1970]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
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{{Quote box|quote=We are the defending champions and we want to keep that title.|source=[[Mike Seamon]], Seattle Sounders FC midfielder<ref>{{cite news |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/sounders/2012303391_sounders08.html |title=Sounders FC beats L.A. Galaxy 2–0 in U.S. Open Cup quarterfinal |first=Joshua |last=Mayers |date=June 7, 2010 |newspaper=The Seattle Times |access-date=September 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100912083508/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/sounders/2012303391_sounders08.html |archive-date=12 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|align=right|width=20%|bgcolor=#c6dbf7}}
An buga '''2010 Lamar Hunt US Final Cup Final''' a Oktoba 5, 2010, a filin Qwest (tun da aka sake masa suna CenturyLink Field) a [[Seattle]], Washington, Amurka. Wasan ya tabbatar da wanda ya lashe Gasar Buɗaɗɗiyar Amurka ta 2010, gasar da ke buɗe ga masu son ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa masu alaƙa da Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka . Wannan shi ne bugu na 97 na gasa mafi tsufa a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka. Seattle Sounders FC ta yi nasara a wasan, inda ta doke Columbus Crew da ci 2–1 a gaban jama'ar da aka sayar da su 31,311, mafi yawan halartar gasar cin kofin US Open. Kevin Burns ne ya fara zura kwallo a raga, inda ya baiwa Columbus Crew ta farko. Sannan Sanna Nyassi ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Seattle Sounders FC yayin da ta zama kungiya ta farko tun 1983 da ta lashe gasar cin kofin US Open sau biyu a jere.
Dukansu Columbus Crew da Seattle Sounders FC sun cancanci kai tsaye zuwa zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin US Open ta hanyar gamawa a cikin manyan shida na gasar 2009 Major League Soccer . Kungiyoyin biyu sun samu nasara a wasanni uku a gasar inda suka tsallake zuwa wasan karshe. Seattle ta lashe gasar neman karbar bakuncin wasan karshe.
Sakamakon gasar cin kofin US Open Cup, Sounders FC ta sami damar shiga zagayen farko na gasar zakarun Turai ta 2011-12 CONCACAF, da kuma kyautar tsabar kudi $100,000. Ma'aikatan sun sami kyautar dala 50,000 wanda ya zo na biyu.
== Hanyar zuwa wasan karshe ==
Kofin US Open gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka ce ta shekara-shekara buɗe ga duk ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka, daga ƙungiyoyin manyan kulab ɗin masu son zuwa ƙwararrun kulab ɗin Major League Soccer (MLS). Gasar ta 2010 ita ce bugu na 97 na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa mafi dadewa a Amurka.
A cikin 2010, MLS, wanda ke da ƙungiyoyin da ke wasa a Amurka da Kanada, an ba su izinin shiga ƙungiyoyi takwas na Amurka a gasar. Manyan kungiyoyin MLS shida daga teburin gasar kakar da ta gabata sun cancanci shiga gasar kai tsaye, yayin da sauran tabo biyun an tantance su ta hanyar wasannin share fagen shiga gasar. Shiga takwas na MLS sun fara wasa a zagaye na uku na gasar. A cikin 2009, duka Seattle Sounders FC da Columbus Crew sun ƙare a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi shida na MLS gabaɗaya matakin gasar don haka sun cancanci kai tsaye zuwa zagaye na uku na 2010 US Open Cup. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 7, 2010 |title=Venues for MLS Open Cup qualifying announced with coin flip video |url=http://thecup.us/venues-for-mls-open-cup-qualifying-announced-with-coin-flip-video/ |access-date=September 4, 2010 |publisher=TheCup.us}}</ref>
=== Columbus Crew ===
[[Fayil:Crew_Stadium.jpg|alt=A soccer field with a multi-level stadium visible on one side, a soccer goal, and some players warming up on the field.|left|thumb| Kungiyar Columbus Crew ta karbi bakuncin wasannin US Open Cup a filin wasa na Crew.]]
Mako guda bayan haka, a ranar 6 ga Yuli, Columbus ya fuskanci Batirin Charleston na rukunin na biyu na USL a gasar cin kofin Amurka ta kwata-kwata. Columbus ne ya karbi bakuncin wasan, kuma a filin wasa na Crew a gaban taron mutane 1,847. A cikin 37th Minti daya, Lenhart ya yi rashin nasara a cikin fanareti yayin da yake tafiya don giciye kuma alkalin wasa ya yi alama don bugun fanareti . Rentería ya ci bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sannan ya zura kwallon da kafar dama a ragar ta, inda aka tashi 1-0. Columbus ya kara gaba a minti na 70 ta hannun Lenhart, sannan kuma a minti na 87. minti daya ne Gaven ya zura kwallo ta hannun Emmanuel Ekpo . Kungiyar ta yi nasara da ci 3–0, inda ta samu fitowar ta na farko na gasar cin kofin US Open tun 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2010 |title=Crew rout Battery, in OC semis for 1st time since '02 |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/crew-rout-battery-usoc-semis-first-time-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811063457/http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/crew-rout-battery-usoc-semis-first-time-02 |archive-date=August 11, 2010 |access-date=September 6, 2010 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref>
A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2010, ƙungiyar Columbus Crew ta ziyarci Washington, DC don fafatawa da ƙungiyar MLS DC United a wasan kusa da na karshe a filin wasa na RFK a gaban taron mutane 3,411. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Straus |first=Brian |date=September 2, 2010 |title=Seattle Sounders, Columbus Crew Set to Meet in US Open Cup Final. |url=http://soccer.fanhouse.com/2010/09/02/seattle-sounders-columbus-crew-set-to-meet-in-us-open-cup-final/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031202656/http://soccer.fanhouse.com/2010/09/02/seattle-sounders-columbus-crew-set-to-meet-in-us-open-cup-final/ |archive-date=October 31, 2020 |access-date=January 10, 2011 |publisher=FanHouse, AOL Sports}}</ref> Pablo Hernandez ne ya zura kwallo a minti na 17 minti daya a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida wanda ya baiwa DC damar kaiwa ga nasara. Duk da haka, a cikin 89th Minti daya dan wasan DC Marc Burch ya farke kwallon da Columbus Iro ya zura a raga a raga don cin nasa a raga, inda ya hada maki sannan ya aika wasan cikin karin lokaci . A minti na 97 ne Lenhart na Crew ya zura kwallon a cikin akwatin yadi 18 sannan dan wasan DC United Carey Talley ya farke kwallon da ya yi mata. Guillermo Barros Schelotto ya ci bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sannan ya ci kwallon da ta yi nasara. Maki na ƙarshe da ci 2-1 ya tabbatar da ƙungiyar Crew a wasan ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2010 |title=Late drama pushes Crew past DC, into Open Cup final |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/late-drama-pushes-crew-past-dc-open-cup-final |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100905165258/http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/late-drama-pushes-crew-past-dc-open-cup-final |archive-date=September 5, 2010 |access-date=September 6, 2010 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref>
=== Seattle Sounders FC ===
Seattle ta lashe [[Buɗe Gasar Wasan Yankin Turai Na Ƙarshen Shekarar 2009|Kofin Budaddiyar Amurka na 2009]] — kulob din fadada MLS na biyu da ya yi hakan a lokacin kaddamarwarsa bayan Wutar Chicago a 1998. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2009 |title=Seattle Sounders FC Become Second MLS Expansion Team to Claim U.S. Open Cup Crown |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/News/Lamar-Hunt-U-S-Open-Cup/2009/09/Seattle-Sounders-Become-Second-Expansion-Team-to-Claim-US-Open-Cup-Crown.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905014508/http://www.ussoccer.com/News/Lamar-Hunt-U-S-Open-Cup/2009/09/Seattle-Sounders-Become-Second-Expansion-Team-to-Claim-US-Open-Cup-Crown.aspx |archive-date=September 5, 2009 |access-date=September 4, 2010 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Kafin wasan karshe, Sounders FC ta buga wasannin gida na US Open Cup a filin wasanni na Starfire a Tukwila, Washington . Wurin yana da ƙarami fiye da filin wasa na gida don wasanni na gasar, Qwest Field, amma wakilan Sounders FC sun fi son yanayi a Starfire don ƙananan wasanni na kopin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johns |first=Greg |date=May 7, 2009 |title=Colorado coach miffed at Sounders' playing facility |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/seattlesports/archives/169659.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531183912/http://blog.seattlepi.com/seattlesports/archives/169659.asp |archive-date=May 31, 2009 |access-date=March 15, 2011 |website=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref>
A ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2010, Seattle ta fara kare kambunta a wasan da Portland Timbers na D2 Pro League suka shirya a Portland, Oregon, a PGE Park a gaban taron mutane 15,422. Sounders FC ce ta ci gaba a wasan na 13 minti daya a bugun kai daga Nate Jaqua, amma Timbers sun daidaita maki a 38th minti daya lokacin da Bright Dike ya zura kwallo a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida . Makin ya kasance 1-1 a lokacin hutun rabin lokaci, kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin cikakken lokaci da karin lokaci. Daga karshe Seattle ta lallasa Portland da ci 4-3 a bugun fenareti inda [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] Kasey Keller ya yi ceto biyu da [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] Zach Scott ya zura bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida.
A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2010, Seattle ta shirya wasan kusa da na karshe da wani kulob na MLS, Chivas USA . Kamar wasan kwata fainal, an shirya shi a Starfire tare da ɗimbin jama'a masu siyar da 4,547. Jaqua ya sami nasarar farko a Seattle a cikin 10th mintuna kaɗan daga giciye Steve Zakaani . Zakaani ya sake shiga cikin 58th minti daya, a wannan karon an tsallaka zuwa wani mai nutsewa Fredy Montero wanda ya kara kwallo biyu. Chivas na Amurka Jesús Padilla ne ya zura kwallo ta 68 minti daya a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida Justin Braun yana yanke kasawa zuwa daya. Koyaya, a lokacin hutun rabin lokaci, Jaqua ya sake zura kwallo a raga inda suka ci 3-1 tare da tabbatar da nasarar Sounders FC da bayyanar a wasan karshe na gasar. Kwallaye biyun da Jaqua ya ci ya sa jimlarsa ta zama biyar a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2010 |title=Seattle defeat Chivas, will defend USOC crown in final |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/seattle-defeat-chivas-will-defend-usoc-crown-final |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100905001519/http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/seattle-defeat-chivas-will-defend-usoc-crown-final |archive-date=September 5, 2010 |access-date=September 4, 2010 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> Zakuani, wanda ya dawo daga raunin da ya ji, ya taimaka aka zura kwallaye biyu a wasan. <ref name="zakuani-semi">{{Cite web |last=Winner |first=Andrew |date=September 2, 2010 |title=Zakuani a force in Sounders' Open Cup victory |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/zakuani-force-sounders-open-cup-victory |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904071531/http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/zakuani-force-sounders-open-cup-victory |archive-date=September 4, 2010 |access-date=September 4, 2010 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref>
== Kafin wasan ==
=== Zaɓin wurin ===
A ranar 26 ga Agusta, 2010, US Soccer ta sanar da yuwuwar wuraren da za a yi wasan karshe, ya danganta da sakamakon wasan kusa da na karshe. An ƙaddara cewa idan Seattle ta cancanci zuwa wasan karshe, za su karbi bakuncin ta a filin Qwest ba tare da la'akari da abokin hamayya ba. Idan Chivas USA ta ci Sounders FC a wasan kusa da na karshe, za su karbi bakuncin Columbus Crew a Cibiyar Depot Home a Carson, California, ko ziyarci DC United a filin wasa na RFK a Washington, DC, dangane da sakamakon sauran wasan kusa da na karshe. Tun lokacin da Columbus da Seattle suka ci gaba daga wasan kusa da na karshe, an gudanar da wasan karshe a filin Qwest a Seattle. Wannan shi ne karon farko na gasar cin kofin US Open da aka buga a jihar Washington. <ref name="facts">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=U.S. Open Cup Final News & Notes |url=http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/us-open-cup-final-news-notes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005224650/http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/us-open-cup-final-news-notes |archive-date=October 5, 2011 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=Columbus Crew}}</ref>
Shekara guda bayan [[Buɗe Gasar Wasan Yankin Turai Na Ƙarshen Shekarar 2009|takaddamar jama'a]] tsakanin Seattle da DC United game da adalcin tsarin neman karbar [[Buɗe Gasar Wasan Yankin Turai Na Ƙarshen Shekarar 2009|bakuncin gasar cin kofin US Open a 2009]] -wanda DC United ta dauki nauyin shiryawa -Sounders FC ta yi nasara a yunkurinta na karbar bakuncin wasan karshe na 2010. Don wasan karshe na 2009, DC United ta zana mahalarta 17,329 ta hanyar yunƙurin tallace-tallace. <ref name="fanhouse_preview">{{Cite web |last=Straus |first=Brian |date=October 5, 2010 |title=In Its 97th Year, U.S. Open Cup Remains in Limbo. |url=http://soccer.fanhouse.com/2010/10/05/in-its-97th-year-u-s-open-cup-remains-in-limbo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031171539/http://soccer.fanhouse.com/2010/10/05/in-its-97th-year-u-s-open-cup-remains-in-limbo/ |archive-date=October 31, 2020 |access-date=November 28, 2010 |publisher=FanHouse, AOL Sports}}</ref> Seattle ta fara sayar da tikitin zuwa wasan karshe na 2010 a ranar 7 ga Satumba kuma a cikin kwanaki shida an riga an sayar da 22,000.
=== Nazari ===
A cikin 2010, kafin haduwa a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin US Open, Sounders FC da Crew sun hadu sau biyu a wasannin gasar MLS. An buga wasan farko ne a ranar 1 ga Mayu a filin Qwest kuma an gama wasan 1-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2010 |title=Smash-and-grab Crew leave Seattle with a point |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/smash-and-grab-crew-leave-seattle-point |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707095324/http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/smash-and-grab-crew-leave-seattle-point |archive-date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=October 3, 2010 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> An yi karawa ta biyu tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 17 kacal kwanaki kafin wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin Buda, a filin wasa na Crew. Seattle ta yi nasara da ci 4-0 mai gamsarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 18, 2010 |title=Nkufo burns Columbus for three in thorough win |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/nkufo-burns-columbus-three-thorough-win |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922185959/http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/nkufo-burns-columbus-three-thorough-win |archive-date=September 22, 2010 |access-date=October 3, 2010 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> Dangane da maki a haduwar karshe, kocin Sounders FC Sigi Schmid ya ce, "Bana tunanin bambancin da ke tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu shi ne kwallaye hudu duk da cewa maki ne." Tattaunawa game da wahalar shiga Seattle don wasan karshe, dan wasan Crew Barros Schelotto yayi sharhi, "Filin na Seattle ne. Filin wasa na Seattle ne. Komai na Seattle ne. Amma wannan ba kome ba ne. Muna da wasan karshe. Mu da 90 mintuna kafin lashe kofi. Babu wani abu mafi mahimmanci."
A makwannin da suka gabato wasan, Seattle Sounders FC ta buga wasanni shida a gida ba tare da an doke ta ba. Duk da haka, a wasan karshe kafin wasan karshe (nasarar wasan gasar a kan Toronto FC ) mai tsaron gida Keller ya ba da damar kwallo, ya kawo karshen wasanninsa uku. <ref name="goal.com_preview">{{Cite web |last=Zielonka |first=John |last2=Lee Rigg |first2=Zac |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Seattle Sounders FC – Columbus Crew: U.S. Open Cup Head To Head Preview |url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/1110/major-league-soccer/2010/10/05/2151236/seattle-sounders-fc-columbus-crew-us-open-cup-head-to-head |access-date=November 28, 2010 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> Kungiyar Columbus Crew ta zo wasan karshe ba tare da cin nasara a wasan gasar ba a watan da ya gabata, <ref name="goal.com_preview" /> ko da yake wasansu na karshe ya kasance 0-0 tare da San Jose Earthquakes a ranar Oktoba 2. <ref name="facts">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=U.S. Open Cup Final News & Notes |url=http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/us-open-cup-final-news-notes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005224650/http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/us-open-cup-final-news-notes |archive-date=October 5, 2011 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=Columbus Crew}}</ref>
Tun lokacin da ƙungiyoyin MLS suka fara shiga gasar a 1996, ƙungiyar gida ta yi nasara sau tara kuma ta yi rashin nasara sau uku a gasar cin kofin US Open kafin 2011. Wutar Chicago ta 2003, juyin juya halin New England na 2007 da 2009 Seattle Sounders FC sune kawai ƙungiyoyin waje da suka lashe wasan karshe. <ref name="facts">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=U.S. Open Cup Final News & Notes |url=http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/us-open-cup-final-news-notes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005224650/http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/us-open-cup-final-news-notes |archive-date=October 5, 2011 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=Columbus Crew}}</ref>
== Daidaita ==
[[Fayil:USOC_2010_ECS.JPG|alt=Fans in a stadium display two large banners which read 'The Boys From Seattle Are Back' with artwork of soccer players in green and blue uniforms.|thumb| Magoya bayan Emerald City sun nuna tifo kafin a fara wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin US Open na 2010.]]
An buga wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin US na 2010 a ranar 5 ga Oktoba a filin Qwest a Seattle, Washington. Fox Soccer Channel ne ya bayar da ɗaukar hoto kai tsaye ta ƙasa. <ref name="zakuani-semi">{{Cite web |last=Winner |first=Andrew |date=September 2, 2010 |title=Zakuani a force in Sounders' Open Cup victory |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/zakuani-force-sounders-open-cup-victory |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904071531/http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/zakuani-force-sounders-open-cup-victory |archive-date=September 4, 2010 |access-date=September 4, 2010 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> Kafin fara wasan, an nuna kofin gasar US Open na 2009 a tsakiyar fili. Wasan karshe ya samu halartar mutane 31,311 da suka haura shekaru 81 da suka halarci bikin. Rikodin da aka yi a baya na gasar cin kofin Budadi ya kasance 21,583, wanda aka kafa a 1929 lokacin da New York Hakoah ta doke Madison Kennel Club na St. Louis .
Kungiyoyin biyu sun fara galibin 'yan wasan su na farko a wasan karshe. <ref name="MLS_report">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Nyassi, Sounders top Crew, claim another USOC crown |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/nyassi-sounders-top-crew-claim-another-usoc-crown |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007151243/http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/nyassi-sounders-top-crew-claim-another-usoc-crown |archive-date=October 7, 2010 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> Costa Rican Leonardo González, mai farawa na yau da kullun a [[Mai buga baya|hagu na baya]] don Sounders FC, ba ya samuwa saboda iyakokin jerin sunayen gasar cin kofin US Open, wanda ya ba da damar ƙungiyoyi su sami 'yan wasa biyar kawai na kasashen waje a cikin 'yan wasa 18, ranar wasa. <ref name="Sounders_report">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Sounders FC Matchday Report:Play-by-play |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230083037/http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |archive-date=December 30, 2010 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> Mai tsaron baya Tyson Wahl ya fara a wurinsa. <ref name="MLS_report" /> Crew madadin Goalkeeper Andy Gruenebaum kuma ya fara a wurin al'ada Starter Will Hesmer, ko da yake wannan shi ne wani al'ada canji ga US Open Cup da CONCACAF Champions League matches. <ref name="MLS_report" /> An shirya kowane kulob a cikin tsari 4-4-2 a kickoff. <ref name="mls_matchcenter">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=MLSSoccer.com MatchCenter |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2010-10-05-seattle-sounders-fc-v-columbus-crew |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110042456/http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2010-10-05-seattle-sounders-fc-v-columbus-crew |archive-date=November 10, 2010 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref>
=== Rabin farko ===
Seattle ta sami yawancin damar zura kwallaye na farko. <ref name="MLS_report">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Nyassi, Sounders top Crew, claim another USOC crown |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/nyassi-sounders-top-crew-claim-another-usoc-crown |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007151243/http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/nyassi-sounders-top-crew-claim-another-usoc-crown |archive-date=October 7, 2010 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> Minti biyu da fara wasan Montero ya fara zura kwallo a ragar kungiyar a kusa da kusa da inda golan Crew Gruenebaum ya farke kwallon. Bayan dakika kadan, Montero ya sake samun wani harbi daga nesa wanda ya wuce kan mashaya. Mintuna hudu bayan haka, [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na Seattle Zakuani ya zagaya da mai tsaron baya na Crew Frankie Hejduk ya ba wa Blaise Nkufo kwallon da Gruenbaum ya yi kokarin buga kwallo. <ref name="Sounders_report">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Sounders FC Matchday Report:Play-by-play |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230083037/http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |archive-date=December 30, 2010 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> A cikin 12th minti daya, Gaven ya dauki harbin farko na Crew na wasan amma ya tashi sama da gilla. <ref name="MLS_report" /> A cikin 16th minti daya Zakuani ya yi ta tsakiya kafin ya wuce Montero, wanda Gruenbaum ya sake ceto kwallonsa. <ref name="Sounders_report" /> Columbus ya yi nasarar kare giciye daga Zakuani da Nkufo a cikin 18th minti daya kuma ya hana Seattle samun harbi. Columbus ya kusan ya jagoranci a cikin 20th Minti guda Emmanuel Ekpo ya samu bayan mai tsaron gida sannan ya yi gaggawar dawo da Gaven, wanda ya barar da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida.
Yayin da Seattle ke sarrafa wasan da yawa a farkon rabin, Columbus ya jagoranci wasan a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a cikin 24th. minti. Wasan ya ci gaba a gefen dama lokacin da Hejduk ya yi kasa da kasa zuwa Lenhart daga matsayi na gaba. Lenhart ya taba kwallon da Kevin Burns ya zura a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. <ref name="ESPN_report">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Scott |date=October 5, 2010 |title=U.S. Open Cup: Sigi's Sounders are champs |url=http://espn.go.com/blog/los-angeles/soccer/post/_/id/3484/u-s-open-cup-sigi%E2%80%99s-sounders-champs-again |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112182255/http://espn.go.com/blog/los-angeles/soccer/post/_/id/3484/u-s-open-cup-sigi%E2%80%99s-sounders-champs-again |archive-date=January 12, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> An samu 'yan damammaki bayan kwallon yayin da Columbus mai karfi ya kare harin Seattle. <ref name="Sounders_report">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Sounders FC Matchday Report:Play-by-play |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230083037/http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |archive-date=December 30, 2010 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> A cikin 34th Minti Tyson Wahl ya haye kwallon a cikin akwatin amma Gruenbaum ya samu damar tsalle ya kama kwallon kafin Nkufo ya kai ta zuwa raga da kai. <ref name="Sounders_report" />
Seattle ta yi daidai da 38th minti. Montero ya wuce zuwa Tyson Wahl, wanda ya ketare kwallon a cikin akwatin 18-yard, inda mai tsaron gida na Crew Gruenebaum ya yi jinkirin yadda za a rike kwallon. Ya buge ta, kuma ta fada hannun Nathan Sturgis, wanda ya ba da kwallon tsakanin kafafun Gaven don ya sami abokin wasan Sanna Nyassi 18. yadudduka waje. <ref name="ESPN_report">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Scott |date=October 5, 2010 |title=U.S. Open Cup: Sigi's Sounders are champs |url=http://espn.go.com/blog/los-angeles/soccer/post/_/id/3484/u-s-open-cup-sigi%E2%80%99s-sounders-champs-again |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112182255/http://espn.go.com/blog/los-angeles/soccer/post/_/id/3484/u-s-open-cup-sigi%E2%80%99s-sounders-champs-again |archive-date=January 12, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> <ref name="crew_defense">{{Cite web |last=Merz |first=Craig |date=October 6, 2010 |title=Defensive lapses doom Crew in bid for second crown |url=http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/defensive-lapses-doom-crew-bid-second-crown |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016115426/http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/defensive-lapses-doom-crew-bid-second-crown |archive-date=October 16, 2010 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=Columbus Crew}}</ref> Nyassi ya kunna kwallon ya zura kwallo a ragar Gruenebaum, wanda har yanzu ba ya matsayi. Bayan an zura kwallo an samu damar zura kwallo a raga kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci. <ref name="Sounders_report">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Sounders FC Matchday Report:Play-by-play |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230083037/http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |archive-date=December 30, 2010 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> Bayan an tashi daga hutun minti daya, an kare rabin na farko da ci 1-1.
=== Rabin na biyu ===
Dan wasan tsakiya na Columbus Crew Kevin Burns ya yi tsokaci game da halin kungiyar bayan an tashi daga wasan, "Mun kasance lafiya a hutun rabin lokaci, kawunanmu ba su yi kasa ba." <ref name="crew_defense">{{Cite web |last=Merz |first=Craig |date=October 6, 2010 |title=Defensive lapses doom Crew in bid for second crown |url=http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/defensive-lapses-doom-crew-bid-second-crown |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016115426/http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/defensive-lapses-doom-crew-bid-second-crown |archive-date=October 16, 2010 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=Columbus Crew}}</ref> Ba a yi wani canji ba yayin da ƙungiyoyin suka koma filin wasa na biyu.
Duk da yadda Seattle ta ci gaba da sarrafa lokacin wasan a farkon rabin na biyu, sun kasa haifar da damammaki da dama na zira kwallaye. A cikin 58th minti daya James Riley ya kasance shi kadai a gefen filin bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida bayan da ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida daga Montero. Sai dai kuma Riley ya zura kwallo a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. <ref name="Sounders_report">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Sounders FC Matchday Report:Play-by-play |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230083037/http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |archive-date=December 30, 2010 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> Minti biyu bayan dan wasan Seattle Zakuani ya haifar da barazanar zura kwallo a raga lokacin da ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na Crew Gruenebaum ya yi saurin kai wa wasan wanda ya sa Zakuani ya fadi a kasa sannan kwallon ta tashi kafin Columbus ya fitar da shi. <ref name="Sounders_report" /> A cikin 64th Minti, Kasey Keller ya yi ceton nutsewa don dakatar da bugun da Gaven ya yi daga 30 yadi ya fita, bugun da ya yi ta hudu a raga a wasan. <ref name="MLS_report">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Nyassi, Sounders top Crew, claim another USOC crown |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/nyassi-sounders-top-crew-claim-another-usoc-crown |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007151243/http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/nyassi-sounders-top-crew-claim-another-usoc-crown |archive-date=October 7, 2010 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> <ref name="Sounders_report" /> Mintuna biyu bayan haka, a ƙarshe layin ya canza yayin da Seattle ta kammala 18 a jere. Montero ya bude a gefen dama na filin don karbar na 19 sannan ya haye kwallo zuwa bugun fanareti. <ref name="crew_defense">{{Cite web |last=Merz |first=Craig |date=October 6, 2010 |title=Defensive lapses doom Crew in bid for second crown |url=http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/defensive-lapses-doom-crew-bid-second-crown |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016115426/http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/defensive-lapses-doom-crew-bid-second-crown |archive-date=October 16, 2010 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=Columbus Crew}}</ref> Gruenebaum ya yanke shawarar kin bin hanyar wucewa yayin da Zakuani ya gudu a cikin mai tsaron baya na Crew Hejduk kuma ya buga kwallon da ta bugi mashigar. Masu tsaron bayan Crew sun kasa fitar da kwallo kafin Nyassi ya ruga ya zura kwallon a ragar. <ref name="ESPN_report">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Scott |date=October 5, 2010 |title=U.S. Open Cup: Sigi's Sounders are champs |url=http://espn.go.com/blog/los-angeles/soccer/post/_/id/3484/u-s-open-cup-sigi%E2%80%99s-sounders-champs-again |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112182255/http://espn.go.com/blog/los-angeles/soccer/post/_/id/3484/u-s-open-cup-sigi%E2%80%99s-sounders-champs-again |archive-date=January 12, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref>
Zakaani ya sake kai harin a shekara ta 75 minti daya tare da gudu a tsakiya, amma 'yan wasan Columbus biyu sun "sanya" kuma sun rasa mallaka. <ref name="Sounders_report">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Sounders FC Matchday Report:Play-by-play |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230083037/http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |archive-date=December 30, 2010 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> Columbus ya yi canji biyu a cikin 78th Minti, kawo sabbin ƙafafu a gaba tare da Rentería don Lenhart da musanyawa ɗan wasan tsakiya Burns ya fitar da dan wasan gaba Andrés Mendoza. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan maye gurbin, Keller ya fito don ɗaukar giciye Columbus kuma ya yi doguwar jifa zuwa Montero. Seattle ce ta ture filin wasan kuma Montero ya yi harbin da ya yi wa abokin wasansa Nkufo baya. <ref name="Sounders_report" /> A cikin 81st Minti, kocin Crew Warzycha ya yi maye gurbinsa na ƙarshe yana kawo Robbie Rogers don Gaven. <ref name="MLS_report">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Nyassi, Sounders top Crew, claim another USOC crown |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/nyassi-sounders-top-crew-claim-another-usoc-crown |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007151243/http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter-recap/nyassi-sounders-top-crew-claim-another-usoc-crown |archive-date=October 7, 2010 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba, a cikin 85th minti daya, Columbus ya kusa ramawa a lokacin da Rogers ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida daga Hejduk kuma ya yi bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. <ref name="ESPN_report">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Scott |date=October 5, 2010 |title=U.S. Open Cup: Sigi's Sounders are champs |url=http://espn.go.com/blog/los-angeles/soccer/post/_/id/3484/u-s-open-cup-sigi%E2%80%99s-sounders-champs-again |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112182255/http://espn.go.com/blog/los-angeles/soccer/post/_/id/3484/u-s-open-cup-sigi%E2%80%99s-sounders-champs-again |archive-date=January 12, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref>
Seattle ta yi canji na farko a cikin 79th Mintuna lokacin da Sanna Nyassi ya bar filin wasan don nuna farin ciki daga taron yayin da aka maye gurbinsa da Álvaro Fernández . A cikin 87th A minti daya, Zakuani ya yi gudun hijira a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida Barros Schelotto wanda ya samu katin gargadi saboda keta. Montero dai ya zura kwallon ne a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida inda Gruenebaum ya farke ta. <ref name="Sounders_report">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Sounders FC Matchday Report:Play-by-play |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230083037/http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |archive-date=December 30, 2010 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref>
Alkalin wasan ya kara da minti uku a tashi daga wasan. A lokacin, Seattle ta yi saura sau biyu. Na farko a cikin 90th Minti daya aka kawo Roger Levesque a wasan Zakuani, sannan a na 93 minti daya suka kawo kan Jaqua don Montero. <ref name="Sounders_report">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Sounders FC Matchday Report:Play-by-play |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230083037/http://www.soundersfc.com/Matchday/Matches/2010/Season/US-Open-Cup-vs-Crew.aspx |archive-date=December 30, 2010 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> Alkalin wasan ya hura usur ya kawo karshen wasan jim kadan bayan haka. Yawancin magoya bayan da suka halarci taron sun kasance bayan kammala wasan don ba da kofin. <ref name="Borg">{{Cite web |last=Borg |first=Simon |date=October 7, 2010 |title=SmorgasBorg: USOC naysayers go in hiding |url=http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/smorgasborg-usoc-naysayers-go-hiding |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009171745/http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/smorgasborg-usoc-naysayers-go-hiding |archive-date=October 9, 2010 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=Columbus Crew}}</ref>
=== Bayanin daidaitawa ===
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|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_CREW_10a|pattern_b=_CREW_10a|pattern_ra=_CREW_10a|pattern_sh=_STRICON_ONBLACK|pattern_so=_3_stripes_yellow|leftarm=FFFFFF|body=FFFFFF|rightarm=FFFFFF|shorts=FFE517|socks=000000|alt=a black shirt with vertical yellow pinstripes, black shorts, and black socks|title={{nowrap|Columbus Crew}}}}
|}
{| style="font-size: 90%" width="100%"
| '''Mutumin Wasan Wasa:'''<nowiki></br></nowiki> Sanna Nyassi <ref name="MVP">{{Cite web |last=Hakala |first=Josh |date=October 6, 2010 |title=2010 US Open Cup Final: Sanna Nyassi of Seattle Sounders easy choice for TheCup.us Player of the Round |url=http://thecup.us/2010-us-open-cup-final-sanna-nyassi-of-seattle-sounders-easy-choice-for-thecup-us-player-of-the-round/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108175547/http://thecup.us/2010-us-open-cup-final-sanna-nyassi-of-seattle-sounders-easy-choice-for-thecup-us-player-of-the-round/ |archive-date=November 8, 2010 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=TheCup.us}}</ref>
'''Alkalin wasa:'''<nowiki></br></nowiki> Michael Kennedy
'''Mataimakan alkalan wasa:''' <nowiki></br></nowiki> Thomas Supple<nowiki></br></nowiki> Paul Scott
'''Jami'i na hudu:''' <nowiki></br></nowiki> Ricardo Salazar
|}
=== Kididdiga ===
Kocin Sounders FC Sigi Schmid ya tattauna wasan a taron manema labarai bayan wasan yana mai cewa:
{{Blockquote|I thought there was some good soccer that was played by both teams. We caught a break at the end when they hit the crossbar. You work hard to make your own luck. We showed a lot of character going down 1–0 and coming back. Attitude of our team has been very strong that way. Really proud and what we accomplished tonight is super. It sets us apart and makes us unique and this is the kind of franchise when Adrian [Hanauer], Joe [Roth], Drew [Carey] and Tod Leiweke and the rest of the internal ownership group and everyone else who works at this organization wanted us to be something unique, something special, something different. The fans were fantastic. That's the loudest I've heard this place.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/soundersfcblog/2013082824_sounders_fc_2_columbus_crew_1_1.html |title=Sounders FC 2, Columbus Crew 1 – winning team reacts |first=Joshua |last=Mayers |date=October 5, 2010 |newspaper=The Seattle Times |access-date=December 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114054926/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/soundersfcblog/2013082824_sounders_fc_2_columbus_crew_1_1.html |archive-date=14 November 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>}}
Golan Columbus Crew Andy Gruenbaum ya yi tsokaci bayan wasan, "Mun san cewa zai zama wuri mai wahala don buga wasa, magoya bayansu na da kyau. Duk lokacin da kuka yi wasan zakarun Turai a filin ku, rashin daidaito zai kasance a kanku. Mun san dole ne mu kare kuma mu yi amfani da duk wata dama da muka samu, mun fito muka ci kwallo ta farko kuma sun sami damar cin kwallo biyu masu ban mamaki.
Seattle Sounders FC ita ce kulob na farko na MLS da ya maimaita a matsayin zakara na US Open Cup kuma kulob na farko da ya sake maimaitawa tun lokacin da New York Pancyprian-Freedoms ta yi haka a 1982 da 1983. Nasarar kuma ita ce gasar Open Cup ta uku ta Sigi Schmid a matsayin koci. <ref name="ESPN_report">{{Cite web |last=French |first=Scott |date=October 5, 2010 |title=U.S. Open Cup: Sigi's Sounders are champs |url=http://espn.go.com/blog/los-angeles/soccer/post/_/id/3484/u-s-open-cup-sigi%E2%80%99s-sounders-champs-again |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112182255/http://espn.go.com/blog/los-angeles/soccer/post/_/id/3484/u-s-open-cup-sigi%E2%80%99s-sounders-champs-again |archive-date=January 12, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=ESPN}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFFrench2010">French, Scott (October 5, 2010). </cite></ref> Sanna Nyassi shi ne dan wasa na farko da ya ci kwallaye da yawa a gasar cin kofin Budadi tun bayan Mike Deleray a 1994 . <ref name="MVP">{{Cite web |last=Hakala |first=Josh |date=October 6, 2010 |title=2010 US Open Cup Final: Sanna Nyassi of Seattle Sounders easy choice for TheCup.us Player of the Round |url=http://thecup.us/2010-us-open-cup-final-sanna-nyassi-of-seattle-sounders-easy-choice-for-thecup-us-player-of-the-round/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108175547/http://thecup.us/2010-us-open-cup-final-sanna-nyassi-of-seattle-sounders-easy-choice-for-thecup-us-player-of-the-round/ |archive-date=November 8, 2010 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=TheCup.us}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Hakala, Josh (October 6, 2010). </cite></ref> A matsayin zakaran gasar, Sounders FC ta sami kyautar tsabar kudi $100,000 yayin da Columbus Crew ta sami $50,000 a matsayin wanda ya zo na biyu. <ref name="facts">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=U.S. Open Cup Final News & Notes |url=http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/us-open-cup-final-news-notes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005224650/http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/us-open-cup-final-news-notes |archive-date=October 5, 2011 |access-date=October 9, 2010 |publisher=Columbus Crew}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111005224650/http://www.thecrew.com/news/2010/10/us-open-cup-final-news-notes "U.S. Open Cup Final News & Notes"]. </cite></ref> Seattle kuma ta sami damar shiga zagayen farko na gasar zakarun Turai ta 2011–12 CONCACAF . <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Seattle claims first berth in 2011–2012 CCL |url=http://www.concacaf.com/page/CL/NewsDetail/0,,12813~2176075,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009025121/http://www.concacaf.com/page/CL/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C12813~2176075%2C00.html |archive-date=October 9, 2010 |access-date=October 7, 2010 |publisher=CONCACAF}}</ref>
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
== GHanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
* {{YouTube|3coNv1ebwiU|Video Highlights}}
* [http://www.soundersfc.com/media-library/Videos/Features/2010/10-October/101005-Revieqw.aspx Sounders FC Video Report] Archived October 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
f245lzxd2y0scgrr349l4gnv9p81ryt
Samfuri:Country data Japan
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CommonsDelinker
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Replacing Flag_of_US_Occupied_Ryukyu_Islands.svg with [[File:Civil_ensign_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands_(1952–1967).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This ima
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| flag alias = Flag of Japan.svg
| flag alias-1870 = Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg
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| flag alias-1945 = Flag of Allied Occupied Japan.svg
| border-1945 =
| flag alias-1947 = Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg
| flag alias-ryukyu = Civil ensign of the Ryukyu Islands (1952–1967).svg
| border-ryukyu =
| flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Japan.svg
| flag alias-coast guard = Ensign of the Japanese Coast Guard.svg
| link alias-coast guard = Japan Coast Guard
| link alias-naval = Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
| flag alias-army = Flag of JSDF.svg
| link alias-army = Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
| flag alias-air force = Flag of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force.svg
| link alias-air force = Japan Air Self-Defense Force
| flag alias-air force-1955 = Flag of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (1955-1957).png
| link alias-air force-1955 = Japan Air Self-Defense Force
| flag alias-air force-1957 = Flag of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (1957-1972).png
| link alias-air force-1957 = Japan Air Self-Defense Force
| flag alias-air force-1972 = Flag of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (1972-2001).png
| link alias-air force-1972 = Japan Air Self-Defense Force
| flag alias-military=Flag of the Japan Self-Defense Forces.svg
| link alias-military=Japan Self-Defense Forces
| flag alias-marines=Flag of JSDF.svg
| link alias-marines=Japanese Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade
| flag alias-navy = Naval Ensign of Japan.svg
| link alias-navy = Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
| {{#ifeq:{{{altlink}}}|A national rugby union team|link alias-rugby union|empty}} = Junior Japan
| size = {{{size|}}}
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<noinclude>
| var1 = 1870
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Ilimin Milpark
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{| class="wikitable floatright" width="250"
|'''Makarantun Ilimi na Milpark'''
|-
|'''[https://caconnect.co.za/ Makarantar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci (haɗe da CA Connect)]'''
Makarantar Nazarin Kwararru ta Milpark (ta haɗa da CA Connect) ita ce kawai hanyar kan layi zuwa CA (SA) ta hanyar:
* Bachelor of Commerce a cikin lissafi
* Advanced Accounting (Shirin Gudanarwa zuwa PGDA / CTA)
* Digiri na digiri na biyu a cikin lissafi (PGDA / CTA)
'''[https://www.milpark.ac.za/schools/school-of-commerce/ Makarantar Kasuwanci]'''
Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Milpark tana ba da cancanta daga NQF Level 5 har zuwa matakin digiri (NQF Level 8).
Shirye-shiryen sun hada da:
* Shirin Gudanarwa: Bachelor of Commerce
* Takardar shaidar kasa: Rubuce-rubuce
* Takardar shaidar FET: Rubuce-rubuce
* Takardar shaidar da ta fi girma a cikin Gudanarwa
* Diploma na kasa a cikin Gudanar da Albarkatun Dan Adam da Taimako na Ayyuka
* Diploma na kasa: Fasaha na Kudi
* Diploma na kasa: Asusun Kudi
* Takardar shaidar ci gaba a cikin Gudanarwa
* Bachelor na Gudanar da Kasuwanci (Janar)
* Bachelor of Business Administration tare da Major a cikin Human Resources
* Bachelor of Business Administration tare da Major a Marketing
* Bachelor na Kasuwanci
* Bachelor of Commerce tare da Major a cikin Biyanci da Gudanar da Hadari
* Bachelor of Commerce tare da Major a cikin Haraji
'''[https://www.milpark.ac.za/schools/school-of-financial-services/ Makarantar Ayyukan Kudi]'''
An kafa Makarantar Kula da Kudi ta Milpark a cikin 2023, biyo bayan haɗuwa tsakanin Makarantar Zuba Jari da Bankin Milpark da Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Kudi da Inshora. Yana ba da dalibai masu zuwa hanyoyin cancanta a manyan fannoni na ayyukan kuɗi, gami da shirin kuɗi, haɗari da inshora, banki, da gudanar da saka hannun jari.
Kwarewar ta kasance daga shigarwa (NQF 5) zuwa matakin digiri na biyu (NQC 8).
Shirye-shiryen sun hada da:
* Kwalejin Kasuwanci
* Ci gaba da Ci gaban Kwararru
* Taimako na Gudanar da Jarabawar Farko ga Wakilan
* Takardar shaidar da ta fi girma a cikin Ayyukan Bankin
* Takardar shaidar da ta fi girma a cikin Shirin Kudi
* Takardar shaidar da ta fi girma a cikin kayayyakin kudi
* Takardar shaidar mafi girma a cikin Inshora na gajeren lokaci
* Takardar shaidar ci gaba a cikin Shirye-shiryen Kudi
* Takardar shaidar ci gaba a cikin Inshora na gajeren lokaci
* Bachelor of Commerce tare da Major a cikin Shirin Kudi
* Bachelor of Business Administration tare da Major a Banking
* Bachelor of Commerce tare da Major a Banking
* Bachelor of Commerce tare da Major a Banking da Investment Management
* Bachelor of Commerce tare da Major a Credit
* Bachelor of Commerce tare da Major a cikin Gudanar da Zuba Jari
* Bachelor of Commerce tare da Major a cikin Inshora na Gajeren Lokaci
* Digiri na digiri a Bankin
* Digiri na digiri a cikin Shirye-shiryen Kudi
* Digiri na digiri a cikin Gudanar da Zuba Jari
* Digiri na digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanar da Hadari
'''[https://www.mbs.ac.za/?_ga=2.198299629.39830376.1712563118-2046118912.1695292111 Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Milpark]'''
Makarantar Kasuwancin Milpark ta sami cancantar MBA a cikin 2018. cancantar ta kasance kawai MBA da aka amince da ita don ilmantarwa ta kan layi.
Shirye-shiryen sun hada da:
* Jagoran Gudanar da Kasuwanci
* Digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanar da Kasuwanci
* Digiri na digiri a cikin Gudanar da Jama'a
* Dokta na Gudanar da Kasuwanci
Gudanar da Ayyuka
* Gudanar da Kamfanoni da Gudanar da Hadari
* Tunanin Zane don Magana da Matsala
* Bambancin Kasuwanci
* Rashin hankali na motsin rai
* Kudi ga Manajojin da ba na Kudi ba
* Tushen Gudanar da Ayyuka
* Sabon Jagoran Manajan
* Binciken Bayanai na Amfani
* Sadarwar Kasuwanci ta Kwararru
* Mata a cikin Jagora
'''[https://www.milpark.ac.za/corporate-education/# Ilimi na Kamfanoni]'''
Tare da bayar da ilimi na sakandare, Milpark Education yana ba da shirye-shiryen ilmantarwa na musamman na cibiyoyin kamfanoni. Wadannan darussan an tsara su ne ta hanyar ƙungiyar ilimin kamfanoni ta Milpark da abokin ciniki. Shirye-shiryen suna da niyyar biyan bukatun sabis na kamfanoni, al'adu, da yanayin kasuwanci yadda ya kamata kuma yana da tasiri.
Abokan ciniki na baya sun haɗa da FNB, Standard Bank, Discovery, Capitec, Momentum, Liberty Group Limited, Sanlam, da sauran kamfanonin Afirka ta Kudu.
|}
== Game da Ilimi na Milpark ==
An kafa shi a cikin 1997, Milpark Education shine jagora, sanannen cibiyar ilimi mai zaman kanta ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Milpark ta ƙunshi makarantu huɗu: Makarantar Kasuwanci, Makarantar Kasancewa ta Kwararru (tare da CA Connect), Makarantar Ayyukan Kudi, da Makarantar Kasuwa. Yana ba da ilimi mafi girma a kan layi a cikin tsari uku: Koyon nesa, Koyon nesa a kan layi, da gajeren darussan kan layi. 'Yan takarar da ke halartar Milpark Education sun hada da masu sana'a, 'yan kasuwa, da wadanda suka kammala karatun sakandare.Ilimi mai zurfi.
Tare da digiri na digiri, Milpark yana ba da shirye-shiryen ilimi na aiki da na kamfanoni. Masu kammala karatun suna samun cancanta wanda ke farawa a matakin NQF 5 kuma suna ci gaba zuwa matakin NQC 10. Majalissar kan Ilimi Mafi Girma. ta amince da cancantar.
Milpark wani bangare ne na STADIO Holdings, kamfanin saka hannun jari a cikin ilimi mai zaman kansa wanda ke da niyyar fadada damar samun ilimi a Afirka ta Kudu.
== Takaddun shaida, alaƙa, da haɗin gwiwa ==
'''Takaddun shaida'''
Milpark Education (Pty) Ltd an yi rajista a matsayin Cibiyar Ilimi ta Sama mai zaman kanta tare da Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Horarwa ta Afirka ta Kudu a karkashin Dokar Ilimi ta Mafi Girma, 1997. Milpark Education ta haka ne cibiyar bayarwa kuma an ba da izinin ba wa masu kammala karatunta takaddun shaida, difloma da digiri wanda Kwamitin Ingancin Ilimi mafi girma (HEQC) na Majalisar Ilimi Mafi Girma (CHE) ya amince da shi.
Hakanan an ba da izini ga makarantun Milpark Education yadda ya kamata. Makarantar Kasuwancin Milpark ta sami izini daga Ƙungiyar MBAs (AMBA); Makarantar Ayyukan Kudi ta Milpark ta amince da Cibiyar Inshora ta Afirka ta Kudu (IISA), Cibiyar Shirye-shiryen Kudi ta Kudancin Afirka (FPI), da Takaddun shaida na Kasuwanci na Duniya (ICB): Makarantar Kasuwa ta sami izinin Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Afirka ta Kudanci (SABPP); kuma shirin Diploma na Ƙididdigar Ƙididdiga (DAPG) a cikin Milpark School of Professional Accounting (haɗakarwa CA Connect) an amince da Cibiyar Afirka ta Kungiyar Chartered Institute).
'''Haɗin kai, Haɗin kai da Haɗin Kai'''
Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Milpark memba ce ta ƙungiyoyi da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da Kungiyar Masu Karatu ta Kasuwanci (BGA), memba na kasa da kasa da kuma tabbatar da inganci ga makarantun kasuwanci: Kungiyar Makarantar Kasuwancin Afirka ta Kudu (SABSA): da Kungiyar Makarantun Kasuwancin Afrika (AABS). Bugu da ƙari, Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Milpark ta sanya hannu kan Ka'idodin Ilimi na Gudanarwa (PRME), wani shiri na Yarjejeniyar Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.
Tare da membobinta ga ƙungiyoyi da yawa, Milpark Education tana cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da cibiyoyin ilimi da kungiyoyi daban-daban a duniya. Wadannan sun hada da Globethics.net, Jami'ar Saybrook, Kwalejin Pacific Oaks, Jami'an Woxsen da kuma Kungiyar Jami'o'i masu kirkiro, wanda shine ƙungiyar cibiyoyin ilimi da ke aiki tare don samar da ingantaccen ilimi na tsara.
== Hanyoyin karatu ==
Hanyar farko ta Milpark don isar da ilimi shine ilmantarwa ta kan layi. Dalibai suna da zaɓi na Koyon nesa, Koyon nesa a kan layi, da gajeren darussan kan layi.
Dangane da haka, waɗannan hanyoyi daban-daban na ilmantarwa ta kan layi sune: nazarin kai tsaye tare da iyakancewar hulɗar lokaci-lokaci; haɗuwa da ilmantarwa da kai tsaye da ayyukan lokaci-lokacin tare da baiwa da takwarorinsu; da gajerun darussan ga ɗalibai waɗanda ke da niyyar haɓaka kansu a kan lokaci-lokaciya.
== Bursaries na Dalibai ==
Milpark Education tana ba da tallafi da yawa ga ɗalibai a kowace shekara, bisa ga buƙata da aikin ilimi. Bursaries yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da muke tallafawa ɗalibanmu da kuma taimakawa masana'antu wajen cimma tsarin canjin Afirka ta Kudu.
Shirin Bursary yana da niyyar samar da masu digiri masu inganci daga kungiyoyin da ba su da damar shiga wani bangare ko yanki na karatu. Ana ba da tallafi ga 'yan takarar da suka kasance marasa galihu a baya waɗanda suka cika ka'idodinmu.
== Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki na Black (B-BBEE status) ==
Milpark a halin yanzu yana da matsayi na '''[https://statics.teams.cdn.office.net/evergreen-assets/safelinks/1/atp-safelinks.html Mataki na Biyu Mai ba da gudummawa]''' dangane da BEE.
BEE tana da niyyar inganta canjin tattalin arziki da hada kai a Afirka ta Kudu.
== Matsayin B-BBEE ==
Milpark a halin yanzu mai ba da gudummawa ne na Mataki Biyu, wanda shine matsayinsa na BEE mai zurfi.<ref>http://www.milpark.ac.za/admin/misc_section/silo/downloads/uploads/2013517_105632_BEEcertificate.pdf{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}
== Haɗin waje ==
* [http://www.milpark.ac.za/ milpark.ac.za]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
siwxjvqy9t7pjypbs2chhdm813b9638
Raising Malawi
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[[Fayil:Khumbize Chiponda, Malawi Minister of Health, speaks at the opening of the World Cancer Day 2024, “Raising Rays of Hope for Cancer Care for All”, held at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria on 1 February 2024.jpg|thumb|ministan lafiya ta malawi]]
[[Fayil:Malawi 3.jpg|thumb|malawi]]
Raising Malawi ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce [[Madonna]] da Michael Berg suka kafa a shekara ta 2006. An sadaukar da shi don taimakawa tare da matsanancin talauci da wahalar da marayu miliyan daya na [[Malawi]] suka jimre, da farko ta hanyar shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Da farko, za a gina "Raising Malawi Academy for Girls" amma bayan binciken da Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, shugabar makarantar sadaka ta yi murabus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010 kuma an dakatar da aikin.
A watan Janairun 2012, kungiyar ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a yankunan karkara na Malawi. Yara sun sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare da sakandare. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin ya kasance tare da buildOn kuma zai amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2012-12-27 |title=Madonna Announces Completion Of 10 Schools In Malawi In Partnership With buildOn |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/madonna-announces-completion-of-10-schools-in-malawi-in-partnership-with-buildon-184920091.html |access-date=6 March 2024 |publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref>
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba na Malawi [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna zargi ga Madonna da sadaka, yana zargin ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar sadaka da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Madonna ta amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa tana cewa ta yi bakin ciki cewa Banda "ta zaɓi ta saki ƙarya game da abin da muka cim ma, niyyata, yadda na gudanar da kaina yayin ziyarci Malawi da sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Madonna tun daga lokacin ta kara karfafa dangantakarta da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaba Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara. Madonna ta ce a cikin wata sanarwa, "Ina jin zurfin sadaukarwa da ƙauna ga 'ya'yan Malawi kuma ina godiya ga goyon bayan Gwamnati. Ina sa ran sabon rawar da na taka a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na Kula da Lafiyar Yara. "<ref name="madonnatribe.com">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna appointed as Malawi's Goodwill Ambassador for Child Welfare |url=http://news.madonnatribe.com/en/2014/madonna-appointed-as-malawis-goodwill-ambassador-for-child-welfare/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=MadonnaTribe}}</ref>
== Sanarwar manufa ==
{{Blockquote|Since 2006, Raising Malawi has been dedicated to bringing an end to the extreme poverty and hardship endured by Malawi's one million orphans. Co-founded by Madonna and Michael Berg, Raising Malawi uses a community-based approach to provide immediate direct physical assistance, create long-term sustainability, support education and psycho-social programs, and build public awareness through multimedia and worldwide volunteer efforts.<br />As a part of its activities, Raising Malawi works to distribute financial support that will help community-based organizations provide vulnerable children with nutritious food, proper clothing, secure shelter, formal education, targeted medical care, and emotional support. We believe in empowering the smartest and most caring of those people, the ones who understand the challenges and the solutions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |title=Our Mission |access-date=2008-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904084114/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |archive-date=2008-09-04 |website=Raising Malawi }}</ref>}}
== Mai tara kudade na sadaka ==
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2008, [[Madonna]] da Gucci sun dauki bakuncin taron tara kudade a Arewacin Lawn na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York don amfanin Raising Malawi & UNICEF . Wadanda suka halarci taron sun kasance Tom Cruise, [[Rihanna]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], Gwen Stefani, Demi Moore da [[Gwyneth Paltrow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2008 |title="A NIGHT TO BENEFIT RAISING MALAWI AND UNICEF" hosted by Gucci and Madonna with special performances by Alicia Keys, Timbaland and Rihanna |url=http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411051549/http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-date=11 April 2008 |website=UNICEF USA |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2009, Madonna ta sanar a shafin yanar gizon Raising Malawi da kuma shafin yanar gizon ta na hukuma cewa ta yi alkawarin daidaitawa, dala don dala, duk wani gudummawa da aka yi wa duk ayyukan Raising Malawi.
== Shirye-shirye ==
=== Ilimi ===
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka mayar da hankali ga Raising Malawi shine tallafawa ayyukan ilimi. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa bukatun ilimi na asali na marayu na Malawi, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa yara 600 a gidan marayu na Malawi tare da kudade na ilimi, tallafin karatu na sana'a da shirin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Programs |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613024741/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154/ |archive-date=2015-06-13 |access-date=2015-07-20 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
Madonna ta ba da gudummawa ga saka hannun jari don gina makaranta, Raising Malawi Academy for Girls . Duk da haka an soke aikin ne saboda rashin daidaito na kudi da haraji. A watan Janairun 2012, Raising Malawi ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa tare da buildOn don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a Malawi. Yara za su sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Progress |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925012718/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |archive-date=2009-09-25 |access-date=2014-01-07 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2012 |title=Madonna honors commitment to help children of Malawi |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124170943/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |archive-date=2013-01-24 |access-date=2012-12-22 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar Madonna ta Raising Malawi ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin yana da alaƙa da buildOn kuma ya bi sanarwar asali na gina Kwalejin 'yan mata wanda aka soke. Maimakon haka makarantun za su amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto"/>
Ya zuwa 2020 Raising Malawi da buildOn sun gina makarantun firamare 14 a yankunan karkara na Malawi da kuma ilimantar da membobin al'umma game da muhimmancin ilimin 'yan mata. Daliban da ke halartar waɗannan makarantun ba za su iya tafiya mil don isa makaranta a ƙauyen makwabta ba, su koyi lissafi a ƙarƙashin itace ko kuma suyi nazarin ABCs a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka rufe. A yau, makarantun Raising Malawi suna ba da sabis ga kusan dalibai 10,000, suna cika jajircewar Madonna na yin ilmantarwa da makaranta ga matasa na Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Work: Education |url=https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710152354/https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-date=10 July 2020 |website=Raising Malawi |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Lafiya ===
Kimanin kashi hamsin cikin dari na yawan mutanen Malawi ba su kai shekara 15 ba, yana mai da kula da yara babban fifiko ga kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2018-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917070451/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2023 |title=Malawi: Age structure from 2012 to 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/520589/age-structure-in-malawi/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Statista}}</ref> Raising Malawi ya magance wannan bukatar tun daga shekara ta 2008 ta hanyar tallafawa shirin tiyata na yara a asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth Central a Blantyre, babban birnin kasuwanci na kasar. Sarauniya Elizabeth ita ce asibiti mafi girma a Malawi kuma tana hidimtawa mutane 700,000 a kowace shekara. Har ila yau asibitin jama'a ne wanda ke nufin sabis kyauta ne. A Sarauniya Elizabeth, Raising Malawi tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗaya daga cikin likitocin yara uku kawai a Malawi, wanda ke yin daruruwan tiyata masu ceton rai a kowace shekara kuma yana koyar da ɗaliban likitoci da likitoci na gida. Raising Malawi kwanan nan ya fadada aikin tiyata na yara a Sarauniya Elizabeth ta hanyar ƙaddamar da aikin tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Malawi don gina aikin tiyata da kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) a asibitin. Gidan zai hada da ICU na farko na yara na kasar, zai ninka yawan tiyata masu ceton rai, kuma zai inganta ingantaccen sakamako na kiwon lafiya ga yara da ke mutuwa a halin yanzu yayin da suke jiran gadon ICU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seyani |first=Mayamiko |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna to build paediatric ward at QECH |url=http://mwnation.com/madonna-build-paediatric-ward-qech/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=The Nation }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Raising Malawi kuma yana aiki tare da Gidauniyar Elizabeth Taylor Aids don kawo Grassroot Soccer (GRS), rigakafin HIV / AIDS da shirin gwaji, a cikin al'ummomin da Raising Malawi ke aiki. GRS kuma tana aiki a yankin Mulanje, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wuraren kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a kasar.
=== Makarantar 'yan mata ===
Bayan binciken da kungiyar Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, an kori shugabar makarantar agaji a watan Oktoba 2010. A watan Janairun 2011 an ba da sanarwar cewa an watsar da shirye-shiryen gina makaranta, aikin agaji na musamman. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 an cire Kwamitin Daraktoci. Rushewar aikin makarantar ya haifar da rikice-rikice na ma'aikata kuma ya rikitar da rikici tare da mazauna ƙauyen da suka rasa ƙasa ga aikin. Har ila yau, ya haifar da karar shari'a ta tsoffin ma'aikata a makarantar don dakatar da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba.
== Dangantakar gwamnati ==
Lokacin da Madonna ta ziyarci Malawi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna sukar Madonna da ayyukanta na agaji, ya zarge ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar da ta bayar da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Ofishin shugaban ya zarge ta da kasancewa "mai kiɗa wanda ke tunanin cewa dole ne ta samar da karbuwa ta hanyar zaluntar jami'an jihar maimakon kunna kiɗa mai kyau a kan mataki" kuma ya kara da cewa "A gare ta gaya wa duniya duka cewa tana gina makarantu a Malawi lokacin da ta ba da gudummawa ga gina ɗakunan ajiya ba daidai ba ne da halaye na wani wanda ya yi tunanin ya cancanci a girmama shi da girman jihar" Madonna ya amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa cewa ta bakin ciki cewa Banda ta "ya za ta zabi yawon abin da kaina yaudara da muka yi, da kaina ya yarda da kaina ya kamata in ji shi da kaina ya zama abin da kaina, in ji shi".
Madonna da Raising Malawi tun daga lokacin sun karfafa dangantakarsu da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaba Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara.<ref name="madonnatribe.com"/>
== Fim din ==
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, Madonna ta dauki bakuncin fim din da ta rubuta kuma ta samar, mai taken I Am Because We Are, a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca . <ref>{{Cite web |title=I Am Because We Are |url=http://www.tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/I_Am_Because_We_Are.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807125107/https://tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/i_am_because_we_are.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 |website=Tribeca Film Festival |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nathan Rissman ne ya ba da umarnin, fim din ya biyo bayan labarun yara da yawa na Malawi waɗanda suka zama marayu saboda cutar HIV / AIDS da talauci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I AM BECAUSE WE ARE : A Documentary Film produced by Madonna |url=http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205024423/http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> An kuma nuna shirin ne a bikin fina-finai na Cannes dangane da bikin fina-fukki na amfAR na 2008 da ke adawa da cutar kanjamau, kuma a bikin fina'a na Traverse City a Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strickland |first=Rachel |date=2 May 2008 |title=Madonna Brings Malawi To Cannes |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927160207/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |archive-date=2008-09-27 |access-date=2008-06-04 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2009, an fara shirin ne a [[YouTube]] da Hulu.
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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[[Fayil:Khumbize Chiponda, Malawi Minister of Health, speaks at the opening of the World Cancer Day 2024, “Raising Rays of Hope for Cancer Care for All”, held at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria on 1 February 2024.jpg|thumb|ministan lafiya ta malawi]]
[[Fayil:Malawi 3.jpg|thumb|malawi]]
Raising Malawi ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce [[Madonna]] da Michael Berg suka kafa a shekara ta 2006. An sadaukar da shi don taimakawa tare da matsanancin talauci da wahalar da marayu miliyan daya na [[Malawi]] suka jimre, da farko ta hanyar shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Da farko, za a gina "Raising Malawi Academy for Girls" amma bayan binciken da Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, shugabar makarantar sadaka ta yi murabus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010 kuma an dakatar da aikin.
A watan Janairun 2012, ƙungiyar ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a yankunan karkara na Malawi. Yara sun sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare da sakandare. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin ya kasance tare da buildOn kuma zai amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2012-12-27 |title=Madonna Announces Completion Of 10 Schools In Malawi In Partnership With buildOn |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/madonna-announces-completion-of-10-schools-in-malawi-in-partnership-with-buildon-184920091.html |access-date=6 March 2024 |publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref>
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba na Malawi [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna zargi ga Madonna da sadaka, yana zargin ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar sadaka da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Madonna ta amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa tana cewa ta yi bakin ciki cewa Banda "ta zaɓi ta saki ƙarya game da abin da muka cim ma, niyyata, yadda na gudanar da kaina yayin ziyarci Malawi da sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Madonna tun daga lokacin ta kara karfafa dangantakarta da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaba Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara. Madonna ta ce a cikin wata sanarwa, "Ina jin zurfin sadaukarwa da ƙauna ga 'ya'yan Malawi kuma ina godiya ga goyon bayan Gwamnati. Ina sa ran sabon rawar da na taka a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na Kula da Lafiyar Yara. "<ref name="madonnatribe.com">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna appointed as Malawi's Goodwill Ambassador for Child Welfare |url=http://news.madonnatribe.com/en/2014/madonna-appointed-as-malawis-goodwill-ambassador-for-child-welfare/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=MadonnaTribe}}</ref>
== Sanarwar manufa ==
{{Blockquote|Since 2006, Raising Malawi has been dedicated to bringing an end to the extreme poverty and hardship endured by Malawi's one million orphans. Co-founded by Madonna and Michael Berg, Raising Malawi uses a community-based approach to provide immediate direct physical assistance, create long-term sustainability, support education and psycho-social programs, and build public awareness through multimedia and worldwide volunteer efforts.<br />As a part of its activities, Raising Malawi works to distribute financial support that will help community-based organizations provide vulnerable children with nutritious food, proper clothing, secure shelter, formal education, targeted medical care, and emotional support. We believe in empowering the smartest and most caring of those people, the ones who understand the challenges and the solutions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |title=Our Mission |access-date=2008-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904084114/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |archive-date=2008-09-04 |website=Raising Malawi }}</ref>}}
== Mai tara kudade na sadaka ==
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2008, [[Madonna]] da Gucci sun dauki bakuncin taron tara kudade a Arewacin Lawn na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York don amfanin Raising Malawi & UNICEF . Wadanda suka halarci taron sun kasance Tom Cruise, [[Rihanna]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], Gwen Stefani, Demi Moore da [[Gwyneth Paltrow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2008 |title="A NIGHT TO BENEFIT RAISING MALAWI AND UNICEF" hosted by Gucci and Madonna with special performances by Alicia Keys, Timbaland and Rihanna |url=http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411051549/http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-date=11 April 2008 |website=UNICEF USA |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2009, Madonna ta sanar a shafin yanar gizon Raising Malawi da kuma shafin yanar gizon ta na hukuma cewa ta yi alkawarin daidaitawa, dala don dala, duk wani gudummawa da aka yi wa duk ayyukan Raising Malawi.
== Shirye-shirye ==
=== Ilimi ===
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka mayar da hankali ga Raising Malawi shine tallafawa ayyukan ilimi. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa bukatun ilimi na asali na marayu na Malawi, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa yara 600 a gidan marayu na Malawi tare da kudade na ilimi, tallafin karatu na sana'a da shirin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Programs |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613024741/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154/ |archive-date=2015-06-13 |access-date=2015-07-20 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
Madonna ta ba da gudummawa ga saka hannun jari don gina makaranta, Raising Malawi Academy for Girls . Duk da haka an soke aikin ne saboda rashin daidaito na kudi da haraji. A watan Janairun 2012, Raising Malawi ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa tare da buildOn don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a Malawi. Yara za su sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Progress |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925012718/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |archive-date=2009-09-25 |access-date=2014-01-07 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2012 |title=Madonna honors commitment to help children of Malawi |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124170943/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |archive-date=2013-01-24 |access-date=2012-12-22 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar Madonna ta Raising Malawi ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin yana da alaƙa da buildOn kuma ya bi sanarwar asali na gina Kwalejin 'yan mata wanda aka soke. Maimakon haka makarantun za su amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto"/>
Ya zuwa 2020 Raising Malawi da buildOn sun gina makarantun firamare 14 a yankunan karkara na Malawi da kuma ilimantar da membobin al'umma game da muhimmancin ilimin 'yan mata. Daliban da ke halartar waɗannan makarantun ba za su iya tafiya mil don isa makaranta a ƙauyen makwabta ba, su koyi lissafi a ƙarƙashin itace ko kuma suyi nazarin ABCs a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka rufe. A yau, makarantun Raising Malawi suna ba da sabis ga kusan dalibai 10,000, suna cika jajircewar Madonna na yin ilmantarwa da makaranta ga matasa na Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Work: Education |url=https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710152354/https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-date=10 July 2020 |website=Raising Malawi |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Lafiya ===
Kimanin kashi hamsin cikin dari na yawan mutanen Malawi ba su kai shekara 15 ba, yana mai da kula da yara babban fifiko ga kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2018-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917070451/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2023 |title=Malawi: Age structure from 2012 to 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/520589/age-structure-in-malawi/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Statista}}</ref> Raising Malawi ya magance wannan bukatar tun daga shekara ta 2008 ta hanyar tallafawa shirin tiyata na yara a asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth Central a Blantyre, babban birnin kasuwanci na kasar. Sarauniya Elizabeth ita ce asibiti mafi girma a Malawi kuma tana hidimtawa mutane 700,000 a kowace shekara. Har ila yau asibitin jama'a ne wanda ke nufin sabis kyauta ne. A Sarauniya Elizabeth, Raising Malawi tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗaya daga cikin likitocin yara uku kawai a Malawi, wanda ke yin daruruwan tiyata masu ceton rai a kowace shekara kuma yana koyar da ɗaliban likitoci da likitoci na gida. Raising Malawi kwanan nan ya fadada aikin tiyata na yara a Sarauniya Elizabeth ta hanyar ƙaddamar da aikin tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Malawi don gina aikin tiyata da kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) a asibitin. Gidan zai hada da ICU na farko na yara na kasar, zai ninka yawan tiyata masu ceton rai, kuma zai inganta ingantaccen sakamako na kiwon lafiya ga yara da ke mutuwa a halin yanzu yayin da suke jiran gadon ICU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seyani |first=Mayamiko |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna to build paediatric ward at QECH |url=http://mwnation.com/madonna-build-paediatric-ward-qech/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=The Nation }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Raising Malawi kuma yana aiki tare da Gidauniyar Elizabeth Taylor Aids don kawo Grassroot Soccer (GRS), rigakafin HIV / AIDS da shirin gwaji, a cikin al'ummomin da Raising Malawi ke aiki. GRS kuma tana aiki a yankin Mulanje, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wuraren kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a kasar.
=== Makarantar 'yan mata ===
Bayan binciken da kungiyar Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, an kori shugabar makarantar agaji a watan Oktoba 2010. A watan Janairun 2011 an ba da sanarwar cewa an watsar da shirye-shiryen gina makaranta, aikin agaji na musamman. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 an cire Kwamitin Daraktoci. Rushewar aikin makarantar ya haifar da rikice-rikice na ma'aikata kuma ya rikitar da rikici tare da mazauna ƙauyen da suka rasa ƙasa ga aikin. Har ila yau, ya haifar da karar shari'a ta tsoffin ma'aikata a makarantar don dakatar da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba.
== Dangantakar gwamnati ==
Lokacin da Madonna ta ziyarci Malawi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna sukar Madonna da ayyukanta na agaji, ya zarge ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar da ta bayar da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Ofishin shugaban ya zarge ta da kasancewa "mai kiɗa wanda ke tunanin cewa dole ne ta samar da karbuwa ta hanyar zaluntar jami'an jihar maimakon kunna kiɗa mai kyau a kan mataki" kuma ya kara da cewa "A gare ta gaya wa duniya duka cewa tana gina makarantu a Malawi lokacin da ta ba da gudummawa ga gina ɗakunan ajiya ba daidai ba ne da halaye na wani wanda ya yi tunanin ya cancanci a girmama shi da girman jihar" Madonna ya amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa cewa ta bakin ciki cewa Banda ta "ya za ta zabi yawon abin da kaina yaudara da muka yi, da kaina ya yarda da kaina ya kamata in ji shi da kaina ya zama abin da kaina, in ji shi".
Madonna da Raising Malawi tun daga lokacin sun karfafa dangantakarsu da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaba Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara.<ref name="madonnatribe.com"/>
== Fim din ==
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, Madonna ta dauki bakuncin fim din da ta rubuta kuma ta samar, mai taken I Am Because We Are, a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca . <ref>{{Cite web |title=I Am Because We Are |url=http://www.tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/I_Am_Because_We_Are.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807125107/https://tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/i_am_because_we_are.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 |website=Tribeca Film Festival |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nathan Rissman ne ya ba da umarnin, fim din ya biyo bayan labarun yara da yawa na Malawi waɗanda suka zama marayu saboda cutar HIV / AIDS da talauci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I AM BECAUSE WE ARE : A Documentary Film produced by Madonna |url=http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205024423/http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> An kuma nuna shirin ne a bikin fina-finai na Cannes dangane da bikin fina-fukki na amfAR na 2008 da ke adawa da cutar kanjamau, kuma a bikin fina'a na Traverse City a Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strickland |first=Rachel |date=2 May 2008 |title=Madonna Brings Malawi To Cannes |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927160207/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |archive-date=2008-09-27 |access-date=2008-06-04 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2009, an fara shirin ne a [[YouTube]] da Hulu.
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
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[[Fayil:Khumbize Chiponda, Malawi Minister of Health, speaks at the opening of the World Cancer Day 2024, “Raising Rays of Hope for Cancer Care for All”, held at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria on 1 February 2024.jpg|thumb|ministan lafiya ta malawi]]
[[Fayil:Malawi 3.jpg|thumb|malawi]]
Raising Malawi ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce [[Madonna]] da Michael Berg suka kafa a shekara ta 2006. An sadaukar da shi don taimakawa tare da matsanancin talauci da wahalar da marayu miliyan daya na [[Malawi]] suka jimre, da farko ta hanyar shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Da farko, za a gina "Raising Malawi Academy for Girls" amma bayan binciken da Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, shugabar makarantar sadaka ta yi murabus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010 kuma an dakatar da aikin.
A watan Janairun 2012, ƙungiyar ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a yankunan karkara na Malawi. Yara sun sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare da sakandare. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin ya kasance tare da buildOn kuma zai amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2012-12-27 |title=Madonna Announces Completion Of 10 Schools In Malawi In Partnership With buildOn |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/madonna-announces-completion-of-10-schools-in-malawi-in-partnership-with-buildon-184920091.html |access-date=6 March 2024 |publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref>
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba na Malawi [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna zargi ga Madonna da sadaka, yana zargin ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar sadaka da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Madonna ta amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa tana cewa ta yi bakin ciki cewa Banda "ta zaɓi ta saki ƙarya game da abin da muka cim ma, niyyata, yadda na gudanar da kaina yayin ziyarci Malawi da sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Madonna tun daga lokacin ta kara karfafa dangantakarta da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaɓa Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara. Madonna ta ce a cikin wata sanarwa, "Ina jin zurfin sadaukarwa da ƙauna ga 'ya'yan Malawi kuma ina godiya ga goyon bayan Gwamnati. Ina sa ran sabon rawar da na taka a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na Kula da Lafiyar Yara. "<ref name="madonnatribe.com">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna appointed as Malawi's Goodwill Ambassador for Child Welfare |url=http://news.madonnatribe.com/en/2014/madonna-appointed-as-malawis-goodwill-ambassador-for-child-welfare/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=MadonnaTribe}}</ref>
== Sanarwar manufa ==
{{Blockquote|Since 2006, Raising Malawi has been dedicated to bringing an end to the extreme poverty and hardship endured by Malawi's one million orphans. Co-founded by Madonna and Michael Berg, Raising Malawi uses a community-based approach to provide immediate direct physical assistance, create long-term sustainability, support education and psycho-social programs, and build public awareness through multimedia and worldwide volunteer efforts.<br />As a part of its activities, Raising Malawi works to distribute financial support that will help community-based organizations provide vulnerable children with nutritious food, proper clothing, secure shelter, formal education, targeted medical care, and emotional support. We believe in empowering the smartest and most caring of those people, the ones who understand the challenges and the solutions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |title=Our Mission |access-date=2008-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904084114/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |archive-date=2008-09-04 |website=Raising Malawi }}</ref>}}
== Mai tara kudade na sadaka ==
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2008, [[Madonna]] da Gucci sun dauki bakuncin taron tara kudade a Arewacin Lawn na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York don amfanin Raising Malawi & UNICEF . Wadanda suka halarci taron sun kasance Tom Cruise, [[Rihanna]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], Gwen Stefani, Demi Moore da [[Gwyneth Paltrow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2008 |title="A NIGHT TO BENEFIT RAISING MALAWI AND UNICEF" hosted by Gucci and Madonna with special performances by Alicia Keys, Timbaland and Rihanna |url=http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411051549/http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-date=11 April 2008 |website=UNICEF USA |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2009, Madonna ta sanar a shafin yanar gizon Raising Malawi da kuma shafin yanar gizon ta na hukuma cewa ta yi alkawarin daidaitawa, dala don dala, duk wani gudummawa da aka yi wa duk ayyukan Raising Malawi.
== Shirye-shirye ==
=== Ilimi ===
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka mayar da hankali ga Raising Malawi shine tallafawa ayyukan ilimi. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa bukatun ilimi na asali na marayu na Malawi, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa yara 600 a gidan marayu na Malawi tare da kudade na ilimi, tallafin karatu na sana'a da shirin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Programs |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613024741/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154/ |archive-date=2015-06-13 |access-date=2015-07-20 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
Madonna ta ba da gudummawa ga saka hannun jari don gina makaranta, Raising Malawi Academy for Girls . Duk da haka an soke aikin ne saboda rashin daidaito na kudi da haraji. A watan Janairun 2012, Raising Malawi ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa tare da buildOn don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a Malawi. Yara za su sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Progress |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925012718/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |archive-date=2009-09-25 |access-date=2014-01-07 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2012 |title=Madonna honors commitment to help children of Malawi |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124170943/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |archive-date=2013-01-24 |access-date=2012-12-22 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar Madonna ta Raising Malawi ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin yana da alaƙa da buildOn kuma ya bi sanarwar asali na gina Kwalejin 'yan mata wanda aka soke. Maimakon haka makarantun za su amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto"/>
Ya zuwa 2020 Raising Malawi da buildOn sun gina makarantun firamare 14 a yankunan karkara na Malawi da kuma ilimantar da membobin al'umma game da muhimmancin ilimin 'yan mata. Daliban da ke halartar waɗannan makarantun ba za su iya tafiya mil don isa makaranta a ƙauyen makwabta ba, su koyi lissafi a ƙarƙashin itace ko kuma suyi nazarin ABCs a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka rufe. A yau, makarantun Raising Malawi suna ba da sabis ga kusan dalibai 10,000, suna cika jajircewar Madonna na yin ilmantarwa da makaranta ga matasa na Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Work: Education |url=https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710152354/https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-date=10 July 2020 |website=Raising Malawi |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Lafiya ===
Kimanin kashi hamsin cikin dari na yawan mutanen Malawi ba su kai shekara 15 ba, yana mai da kula da yara babban fifiko ga kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2018-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917070451/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2023 |title=Malawi: Age structure from 2012 to 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/520589/age-structure-in-malawi/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Statista}}</ref> Raising Malawi ya magance wannan bukatar tun daga shekara ta 2008 ta hanyar tallafawa shirin tiyata na yara a asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth Central a Blantyre, babban birnin kasuwanci na kasar. Sarauniya Elizabeth ita ce asibiti mafi girma a Malawi kuma tana hidimtawa mutane 700,000 a kowace shekara. Har ila yau asibitin jama'a ne wanda ke nufin sabis kyauta ne. A Sarauniya Elizabeth, Raising Malawi tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗaya daga cikin likitocin yara uku kawai a Malawi, wanda ke yin daruruwan tiyata masu ceton rai a kowace shekara kuma yana koyar da ɗaliban likitoci da likitoci na gida. Raising Malawi kwanan nan ya fadada aikin tiyata na yara a Sarauniya Elizabeth ta hanyar ƙaddamar da aikin tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Malawi don gina aikin tiyata da kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) a asibitin. Gidan zai hada da ICU na farko na yara na kasar, zai ninka yawan tiyata masu ceton rai, kuma zai inganta ingantaccen sakamako na kiwon lafiya ga yara da ke mutuwa a halin yanzu yayin da suke jiran gadon ICU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seyani |first=Mayamiko |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna to build paediatric ward at QECH |url=http://mwnation.com/madonna-build-paediatric-ward-qech/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=The Nation }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Raising Malawi kuma yana aiki tare da Gidauniyar Elizabeth Taylor Aids don kawo Grassroot Soccer (GRS), rigakafin HIV / AIDS da shirin gwaji, a cikin al'ummomin da Raising Malawi ke aiki. GRS kuma tana aiki a yankin Mulanje, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wuraren kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a kasar.
=== Makarantar 'yan mata ===
Bayan binciken da kungiyar Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, an kori shugabar makarantar agaji a watan Oktoba 2010. A watan Janairun 2011 an ba da sanarwar cewa an watsar da shirye-shiryen gina makaranta, aikin agaji na musamman. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 an cire Kwamitin Daraktoci. Rushewar aikin makarantar ya haifar da rikice-rikice na ma'aikata kuma ya rikitar da rikici tare da mazauna ƙauyen da suka rasa ƙasa ga aikin. Har ila yau, ya haifar da karar shari'a ta tsoffin ma'aikata a makarantar don dakatar da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba.
== Dangantakar gwamnati ==
Lokacin da Madonna ta ziyarci Malawi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna sukar Madonna da ayyukanta na agaji, ya zarge ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar da ta bayar da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Ofishin shugaban ya zarge ta da kasancewa "mai kiɗa wanda ke tunanin cewa dole ne ta samar da karbuwa ta hanyar zaluntar jami'an jihar maimakon kunna kiɗa mai kyau a kan mataki" kuma ya kara da cewa "A gare ta gaya wa duniya duka cewa tana gina makarantu a Malawi lokacin da ta ba da gudummawa ga gina ɗakunan ajiya ba daidai ba ne da halaye na wani wanda ya yi tunanin ya cancanci a girmama shi da girman jihar" Madonna ya amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa cewa ta bakin ciki cewa Banda ta "ya za ta zabi yawon abin da kaina yaudara da muka yi, da kaina ya yarda da kaina ya kamata in ji shi da kaina ya zama abin da kaina, in ji shi".
Madonna da Raising Malawi tun daga lokacin sun karfafa dangantakarsu da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaba Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara.<ref name="madonnatribe.com"/>
== Fim din ==
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, Madonna ta dauki bakuncin fim din da ta rubuta kuma ta samar, mai taken I Am Because We Are, a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca . <ref>{{Cite web |title=I Am Because We Are |url=http://www.tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/I_Am_Because_We_Are.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807125107/https://tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/i_am_because_we_are.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 |website=Tribeca Film Festival |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nathan Rissman ne ya ba da umarnin, fim din ya biyo bayan labarun yara da yawa na Malawi waɗanda suka zama marayu saboda cutar HIV / AIDS da talauci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I AM BECAUSE WE ARE : A Documentary Film produced by Madonna |url=http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205024423/http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> An kuma nuna shirin ne a bikin fina-finai na Cannes dangane da bikin fina-fukki na amfAR na 2008 da ke adawa da cutar kanjamau, kuma a bikin fina'a na Traverse City a Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strickland |first=Rachel |date=2 May 2008 |title=Madonna Brings Malawi To Cannes |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927160207/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |archive-date=2008-09-27 |access-date=2008-06-04 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2009, an fara shirin ne a [[YouTube]] da Hulu.
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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[[Fayil:Khumbize Chiponda, Malawi Minister of Health, speaks at the opening of the World Cancer Day 2024, “Raising Rays of Hope for Cancer Care for All”, held at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria on 1 February 2024.jpg|thumb|ministan lafiya ta malawi]]
[[Fayil:Malawi 3.jpg|thumb|malawi]]
Raising Malawi ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce [[Madonna]] da Michael Berg suka kafa a shekara ta 2006. An sadaukar da shi don taimakawa tare da matsanancin talauci da wahalar da marayu miliyan daya na [[Malawi]] suka jimre, da farko ta hanyar shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Da farko, za a gina "Raising Malawi Academy for Girls" amma bayan binciken da Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, shugabar makarantar sadaka ta yi murabus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010 kuma an dakatar da aikin.
A watan Janairun 2012, ƙungiyar ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a yankunan karkara na Malawi. Yara sun sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare da sakandare. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin ya kasance tare da buildOn kuma zai amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2012-12-27 |title=Madonna Announces Completion Of 10 Schools In Malawi In Partnership With buildOn |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/madonna-announces-completion-of-10-schools-in-malawi-in-partnership-with-buildon-184920091.html |access-date=6 March 2024 |publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref>
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba na Malawi [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna zargi ga Madonna da sadaka, yana zargin ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar sadaka da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Madonna ta amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa tana cewa ta yi bakin ciki cewa Banda "ta zaɓi ta saki ƙarya game da abin da muka cim ma, niyyata, yadda na gudanar da kaina yayin ziyarci Malawi da sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Madonna tun daga lokacin ta kara karfafa dangantakarta da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaɓa Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara. Madonna ta ce a cikin wata sanarwa, "Ina jin zurfin sadaukarwa da ƙauna ga 'ya'yan Malawi kuma ina godiya ga goyon bayan Gwamnati. Ina sa ran sabon rawar da na taka a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na Kula da Lafiyar Yara. "<ref name="madonnatribe.com">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna appointed as Malawi's Goodwill Ambassador for Child Welfare |url=http://news.madonnatribe.com/en/2014/madonna-appointed-as-malawis-goodwill-ambassador-for-child-welfare/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=MadonnaTribe}}</ref>
== Sanarwar manufa ==
{{Blockquote|Since 2006, Raising Malawi has been dedicated to bringing an end to the extreme poverty and hardship endured by Malawi's one million orphans. Co-founded by Madonna and Michael Berg, Raising Malawi uses a community-based approach to provide immediate direct physical assistance, create long-term sustainability, support education and psycho-social programs, and build public awareness through multimedia and worldwide volunteer efforts.<br />As a part of its activities, Raising Malawi works to distribute financial support that will help community-based organizations provide vulnerable children with nutritious food, proper clothing, secure shelter, formal education, targeted medical care, and emotional support. We believe in empowering the smartest and most caring of those people, the ones who understand the challenges and the solutions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |title=Our Mission |access-date=2008-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904084114/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |archive-date=2008-09-04 |website=Raising Malawi }}</ref>}}
== Mai tara kudade na sadaka ==
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2008, [[Madonna]] da Gucci sun ɗauki bakuncin taron tara kudade a Arewacin Lawn na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York don amfanin Raising Malawi & UNICEF . Wadanda suka halarci taron sun kasance Tom Cruise, [[Rihanna]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], Gwen Stefani, Demi Moore da [[Gwyneth Paltrow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2008 |title="A NIGHT TO BENEFIT RAISING MALAWI AND UNICEF" hosted by Gucci and Madonna with special performances by Alicia Keys, Timbaland and Rihanna |url=http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411051549/http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-date=11 April 2008 |website=UNICEF USA |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2009, Madonna ta sanar a shafin yanar gizon Raising Malawi da kuma shafin yanar gizon ta na hukuma cewa ta yi alkawarin daidaitawa, dala don dala, duk wani gudummawa da aka yi wa duk ayyukan Raising Malawi.
== Shirye-shirye ==
=== Ilimi ===
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka mayar da hankali ga Raising Malawi shine tallafawa ayyukan ilimi. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa bukatun ilimi na asali na marayu na Malawi, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa yara 600 a gidan marayu na Malawi tare da kudade na ilimi, tallafin karatu na sana'a da shirin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Programs |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613024741/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154/ |archive-date=2015-06-13 |access-date=2015-07-20 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
Madonna ta ba da gudummawa ga saka hannun jari don gina makaranta, Raising Malawi Academy for Girls . Duk da haka an soke aikin ne saboda rashin daidaito na kudi da haraji. A watan Janairun 2012, Raising Malawi ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa tare da buildOn don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a Malawi. Yara za su sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Progress |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925012718/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |archive-date=2009-09-25 |access-date=2014-01-07 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2012 |title=Madonna honors commitment to help children of Malawi |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124170943/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |archive-date=2013-01-24 |access-date=2012-12-22 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar Madonna ta Raising Malawi ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin yana da alaƙa da buildOn kuma ya bi sanarwar asali na gina Kwalejin 'yan mata wanda aka soke. Maimakon haka makarantun za su amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto"/>
Ya zuwa 2020 Raising Malawi da buildOn sun gina makarantun firamare 14 a yankunan karkara na Malawi da kuma ilimantar da membobin al'umma game da muhimmancin ilimin 'yan mata. Daliban da ke halartar waɗannan makarantun ba za su iya tafiya mil don isa makaranta a ƙauyen makwabta ba, su koyi lissafi a ƙarƙashin itace ko kuma suyi nazarin ABCs a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka rufe. A yau, makarantun Raising Malawi suna ba da sabis ga kusan dalibai 10,000, suna cika jajircewar Madonna na yin ilmantarwa da makaranta ga matasa na Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Work: Education |url=https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710152354/https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-date=10 July 2020 |website=Raising Malawi |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Lafiya ===
Kimanin kashi hamsin cikin dari na yawan mutanen Malawi ba su kai shekara 15 ba, yana mai da kula da yara babban fifiko ga kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2018-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917070451/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2023 |title=Malawi: Age structure from 2012 to 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/520589/age-structure-in-malawi/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Statista}}</ref> Raising Malawi ya magance wannan bukatar tun daga shekara ta 2008 ta hanyar tallafawa shirin tiyata na yara a asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth Central a Blantyre, babban birnin kasuwanci na kasar. Sarauniya Elizabeth ita ce asibiti mafi girma a Malawi kuma tana hidimtawa mutane 700,000 a kowace shekara. Har ila yau asibitin jama'a ne wanda ke nufin sabis kyauta ne. A Sarauniya Elizabeth, Raising Malawi tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗaya daga cikin likitocin yara uku kawai a Malawi, wanda ke yin daruruwan tiyata masu ceton rai a kowace shekara kuma yana koyar da ɗaliban likitoci da likitoci na gida. Raising Malawi kwanan nan ya fadada aikin tiyata na yara a Sarauniya Elizabeth ta hanyar ƙaddamar da aikin tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Malawi don gina aikin tiyata da kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) a asibitin. Gidan zai hada da ICU na farko na yara na kasar, zai ninka yawan tiyata masu ceton rai, kuma zai inganta ingantaccen sakamako na kiwon lafiya ga yara da ke mutuwa a halin yanzu yayin da suke jiran gadon ICU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seyani |first=Mayamiko |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna to build paediatric ward at QECH |url=http://mwnation.com/madonna-build-paediatric-ward-qech/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=The Nation }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Raising Malawi kuma yana aiki tare da Gidauniyar Elizabeth Taylor Aids don kawo Grassroot Soccer (GRS), rigakafin HIV / AIDS da shirin gwaji, a cikin al'ummomin da Raising Malawi ke aiki. GRS kuma tana aiki a yankin Mulanje, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wuraren kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a kasar.
=== Makarantar 'yan mata ===
Bayan binciken da kungiyar Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, an kori shugabar makarantar agaji a watan Oktoba 2010. A watan Janairun 2011 an ba da sanarwar cewa an watsar da shirye-shiryen gina makaranta, aikin agaji na musamman. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 an cire Kwamitin Daraktoci. Rushewar aikin makarantar ya haifar da rikice-rikice na ma'aikata kuma ya rikitar da rikici tare da mazauna ƙauyen da suka rasa ƙasa ga aikin. Har ila yau, ya haifar da karar shari'a ta tsoffin ma'aikata a makarantar don dakatar da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba.
== Dangantakar gwamnati ==
Lokacin da Madonna ta ziyarci Malawi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna sukar Madonna da ayyukanta na agaji, ya zarge ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar da ta bayar da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Ofishin shugaban ya zarge ta da kasancewa "mai kiɗa wanda ke tunanin cewa dole ne ta samar da karbuwa ta hanyar zaluntar jami'an jihar maimakon kunna kiɗa mai kyau a kan mataki" kuma ya kara da cewa "A gare ta gaya wa duniya duka cewa tana gina makarantu a Malawi lokacin da ta ba da gudummawa ga gina ɗakunan ajiya ba daidai ba ne da halaye na wani wanda ya yi tunanin ya cancanci a girmama shi da girman jihar" Madonna ya amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa cewa ta bakin ciki cewa Banda ta "ya za ta zabi yawon abin da kaina yaudara da muka yi, da kaina ya yarda da kaina ya kamata in ji shi da kaina ya zama abin da kaina, in ji shi".
Madonna da Raising Malawi tun daga lokacin sun karfafa dangantakarsu da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaba Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara.<ref name="madonnatribe.com"/>
== Fim din ==
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, Madonna ta dauki bakuncin fim din da ta rubuta kuma ta samar, mai taken I Am Because We Are, a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca . <ref>{{Cite web |title=I Am Because We Are |url=http://www.tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/I_Am_Because_We_Are.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807125107/https://tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/i_am_because_we_are.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 |website=Tribeca Film Festival |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nathan Rissman ne ya ba da umarnin, fim din ya biyo bayan labarun yara da yawa na Malawi waɗanda suka zama marayu saboda cutar HIV / AIDS da talauci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I AM BECAUSE WE ARE : A Documentary Film produced by Madonna |url=http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205024423/http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> An kuma nuna shirin ne a bikin fina-finai na Cannes dangane da bikin fina-fukki na amfAR na 2008 da ke adawa da cutar kanjamau, kuma a bikin fina'a na Traverse City a Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strickland |first=Rachel |date=2 May 2008 |title=Madonna Brings Malawi To Cannes |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927160207/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |archive-date=2008-09-27 |access-date=2008-06-04 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2009, an fara shirin ne a [[YouTube]] da Hulu.
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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[[Fayil:Khumbize Chiponda, Malawi Minister of Health, speaks at the opening of the World Cancer Day 2024, “Raising Rays of Hope for Cancer Care for All”, held at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria on 1 February 2024.jpg|thumb|ministan lafiya ta malawi]]
[[Fayil:Malawi 3.jpg|thumb|malawi]]
Raising Malawi ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce [[Madonna]] da Michael Berg suka kafa a shekara ta 2006. An sadaukar da shi don taimakawa tare da matsanancin talauci da wahalar da marayu miliyan daya na [[Malawi]] suka jimre, da farko ta hanyar shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Da farko, za a gina "Raising Malawi Academy for Girls" amma bayan binciken da Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, shugabar makarantar sadaka ta yi murabus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010 kuma an dakatar da aikin.
A watan Janairun 2012, ƙungiyar ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a yankunan karkara na Malawi. Yara sun sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare da sakandare. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin ya kasance tare da buildOn kuma zai amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2012-12-27 |title=Madonna Announces Completion Of 10 Schools In Malawi In Partnership With buildOn |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/madonna-announces-completion-of-10-schools-in-malawi-in-partnership-with-buildon-184920091.html |access-date=6 March 2024 |publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref>
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba na Malawi [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna zargi ga Madonna da sadaka, yana zargin ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar sadaka da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Madonna ta amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa tana cewa ta yi bakin ciki cewa Banda "ta zaɓi ta saki ƙarya game da abin da muka cim ma, niyyata, yadda na gudanar da kaina yayin ziyarci Malawi da sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Madonna tun daga lokacin ta kara karfafa dangantakarta da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaɓa Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara. Madonna ta ce a cikin wata sanarwa, "Ina jin zurfin sadaukarwa da ƙauna ga 'ya'yan Malawi kuma ina godiya ga goyon bayan Gwamnati. Ina sa ran sabon rawar da na taka a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na Kula da Lafiyar Yara. "<ref name="madonnatribe.com">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna appointed as Malawi's Goodwill Ambassador for Child Welfare |url=http://news.madonnatribe.com/en/2014/madonna-appointed-as-malawis-goodwill-ambassador-for-child-welfare/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=MadonnaTribe}}</ref>
== Sanarwar manufa ==
{{Blockquote|Since 2006, Raising Malawi has been dedicated to bringing an end to the extreme poverty and hardship endured by Malawi's one million orphans. Co-founded by Madonna and Michael Berg, Raising Malawi uses a community-based approach to provide immediate direct physical assistance, create long-term sustainability, support education and psycho-social programs, and build public awareness through multimedia and worldwide volunteer efforts.<br />As a part of its activities, Raising Malawi works to distribute financial support that will help community-based organizations provide vulnerable children with nutritious food, proper clothing, secure shelter, formal education, targeted medical care, and emotional support. We believe in empowering the smartest and most caring of those people, the ones who understand the challenges and the solutions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |title=Our Mission |access-date=2008-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904084114/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |archive-date=2008-09-04 |website=Raising Malawi }}</ref>}}
== Mai tara kudade na sadaka ==
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2008, [[Madonna]] da Gucci sun ɗauki bakuncin taron tara kudade a Arewacin Lawn na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York don amfanin Raising Malawi & UNICEF . Waɗanda suka halarci taron sun kasance Tom Cruise, [[Rihanna]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], Gwen Stefani, Demi Moore da [[Gwyneth Paltrow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2008 |title="A NIGHT TO BENEFIT RAISING MALAWI AND UNICEF" hosted by Gucci and Madonna with special performances by Alicia Keys, Timbaland and Rihanna |url=http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411051549/http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-date=11 April 2008 |website=UNICEF USA |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2009, Madonna ta sanar a shafin yanar gizon Raising Malawi da kuma shafin yanar gizon ta na hukuma cewa ta yi alkawarin daidaitawa, dala don dala, duk wani gudummawa da aka yi wa duk ayyukan Raising Malawi.
== Shirye-shirye ==
=== Ilimi ===
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka mayar da hankali ga Raising Malawi shine tallafawa ayyukan ilimi. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa bukatun ilimi na asali na marayu na Malawi, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa yara 600 a gidan marayu na Malawi tare da kudade na ilimi, tallafin karatu na sana'a da shirin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Programs |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613024741/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154/ |archive-date=2015-06-13 |access-date=2015-07-20 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
Madonna ta ba da gudummawa ga saka hannun jari don gina makaranta, Raising Malawi Academy for Girls . Duk da haka an soke aikin ne saboda rashin daidaito na kudi da haraji. A watan Janairun 2012, Raising Malawi ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa tare da buildOn don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a Malawi. Yara za su sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Progress |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925012718/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |archive-date=2009-09-25 |access-date=2014-01-07 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2012 |title=Madonna honors commitment to help children of Malawi |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124170943/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |archive-date=2013-01-24 |access-date=2012-12-22 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar Madonna ta Raising Malawi ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin yana da alaƙa da buildOn kuma ya bi sanarwar asali na gina Kwalejin 'yan mata wanda aka soke. Maimakon haka makarantun za su amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto"/>
Ya zuwa 2020 Raising Malawi da buildOn sun gina makarantun firamare 14 a yankunan karkara na Malawi da kuma ilimantar da membobin al'umma game da muhimmancin ilimin 'yan mata. Daliban da ke halartar waɗannan makarantun ba za su iya tafiya mil don isa makaranta a ƙauyen makwabta ba, su koyi lissafi a ƙarƙashin itace ko kuma suyi nazarin ABCs a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka rufe. A yau, makarantun Raising Malawi suna ba da sabis ga kusan dalibai 10,000, suna cika jajircewar Madonna na yin ilmantarwa da makaranta ga matasa na Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Work: Education |url=https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710152354/https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-date=10 July 2020 |website=Raising Malawi |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Lafiya ===
Kimanin kashi hamsin cikin dari na yawan mutanen Malawi ba su kai shekara 15 ba, yana mai da kula da yara babban fifiko ga kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2018-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917070451/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2023 |title=Malawi: Age structure from 2012 to 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/520589/age-structure-in-malawi/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Statista}}</ref> Raising Malawi ya magance wannan bukatar tun daga shekara ta 2008 ta hanyar tallafawa shirin tiyata na yara a asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth Central a Blantyre, babban birnin kasuwanci na kasar. Sarauniya Elizabeth ita ce asibiti mafi girma a Malawi kuma tana hidimtawa mutane 700,000 a kowace shekara. Har ila yau asibitin jama'a ne wanda ke nufin sabis kyauta ne. A Sarauniya Elizabeth, Raising Malawi tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗaya daga cikin likitocin yara uku kawai a Malawi, wanda ke yin daruruwan tiyata masu ceton rai a kowace shekara kuma yana koyar da ɗaliban likitoci da likitoci na gida. Raising Malawi kwanan nan ya fadada aikin tiyata na yara a Sarauniya Elizabeth ta hanyar ƙaddamar da aikin tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Malawi don gina aikin tiyata da kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) a asibitin. Gidan zai hada da ICU na farko na yara na kasar, zai ninka yawan tiyata masu ceton rai, kuma zai inganta ingantaccen sakamako na kiwon lafiya ga yara da ke mutuwa a halin yanzu yayin da suke jiran gadon ICU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seyani |first=Mayamiko |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna to build paediatric ward at QECH |url=http://mwnation.com/madonna-build-paediatric-ward-qech/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=The Nation }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Raising Malawi kuma yana aiki tare da Gidauniyar Elizabeth Taylor Aids don kawo Grassroot Soccer (GRS), rigakafin HIV / AIDS da shirin gwaji, a cikin al'ummomin da Raising Malawi ke aiki. GRS kuma tana aiki a yankin Mulanje, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wuraren kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a kasar.
=== Makarantar 'yan mata ===
Bayan binciken da kungiyar Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, an kori shugabar makarantar agaji a watan Oktoba 2010. A watan Janairun 2011 an ba da sanarwar cewa an watsar da shirye-shiryen gina makaranta, aikin agaji na musamman. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 an cire Kwamitin Daraktoci. Rushewar aikin makarantar ya haifar da rikice-rikice na ma'aikata kuma ya rikitar da rikici tare da mazauna ƙauyen da suka rasa ƙasa ga aikin. Har ila yau, ya haifar da karar shari'a ta tsoffin ma'aikata a makarantar don dakatar da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba.
== Dangantakar gwamnati ==
Lokacin da Madonna ta ziyarci Malawi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna sukar Madonna da ayyukanta na agaji, ya zarge ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar da ta bayar da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Ofishin shugaban ya zarge ta da kasancewa "mai kiɗa wanda ke tunanin cewa dole ne ta samar da karbuwa ta hanyar zaluntar jami'an jihar maimakon kunna kiɗa mai kyau a kan mataki" kuma ya kara da cewa "A gare ta gaya wa duniya duka cewa tana gina makarantu a Malawi lokacin da ta ba da gudummawa ga gina ɗakunan ajiya ba daidai ba ne da halaye na wani wanda ya yi tunanin ya cancanci a girmama shi da girman jihar" Madonna ya amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa cewa ta bakin ciki cewa Banda ta "ya za ta zabi yawon abin da kaina yaudara da muka yi, da kaina ya yarda da kaina ya kamata in ji shi da kaina ya zama abin da kaina, in ji shi".
Madonna da Raising Malawi tun daga lokacin sun karfafa dangantakarsu da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaba Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara.<ref name="madonnatribe.com"/>
== Fim din ==
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, Madonna ta dauki bakuncin fim din da ta rubuta kuma ta samar, mai taken I Am Because We Are, a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca . <ref>{{Cite web |title=I Am Because We Are |url=http://www.tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/I_Am_Because_We_Are.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807125107/https://tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/i_am_because_we_are.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 |website=Tribeca Film Festival |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nathan Rissman ne ya ba da umarnin, fim din ya biyo bayan labarun yara da yawa na Malawi waɗanda suka zama marayu saboda cutar HIV / AIDS da talauci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I AM BECAUSE WE ARE : A Documentary Film produced by Madonna |url=http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205024423/http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> An kuma nuna shirin ne a bikin fina-finai na Cannes dangane da bikin fina-fukki na amfAR na 2008 da ke adawa da cutar kanjamau, kuma a bikin fina'a na Traverse City a Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strickland |first=Rachel |date=2 May 2008 |title=Madonna Brings Malawi To Cannes |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927160207/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |archive-date=2008-09-27 |access-date=2008-06-04 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2009, an fara shirin ne a [[YouTube]] da Hulu.
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
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[[Fayil:Khumbize Chiponda, Malawi Minister of Health, speaks at the opening of the World Cancer Day 2024, “Raising Rays of Hope for Cancer Care for All”, held at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria on 1 February 2024.jpg|thumb|ministan lafiya ta malawi]]
[[Fayil:Malawi 3.jpg|thumb|malawi]]
Raising Malawi ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce [[Madonna]] da Michael Berg suka kafa a shekara ta 2006. An sadaukar da shi don taimakawa tare da matsanancin talauci da wahalar da marayu miliyan daya na [[Malawi]] suka jimre, da farko ta hanyar shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Da farko, za a gina "Raising Malawi Academy for Girls" amma bayan binciken da Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, shugabar makarantar sadaka ta yi murabus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010 kuma an dakatar da aikin.
A watan Janairun 2012, ƙungiyar ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a yankunan karkara na Malawi. Yara sun sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare da sakandare. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin ya kasance tare da buildOn kuma zai amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2012-12-27 |title=Madonna Announces Completion Of 10 Schools In Malawi In Partnership With buildOn |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/madonna-announces-completion-of-10-schools-in-malawi-in-partnership-with-buildon-184920091.html |access-date=6 March 2024 |publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref>
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba na Malawi [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna zargi ga Madonna da sadaka, yana zargin ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar sadaka da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Madonna ta amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa tana cewa ta yi bakin ciki cewa Banda "ta zaɓi ta saki ƙarya game da abin da muka cim ma, niyyata, yadda na gudanar da kaina yayin ziyarci Malawi da sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Madonna tun daga lokacin ta kara karfafa dangantakarta da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaɓa Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara. Madonna ta ce a cikin wata sanarwa, "Ina jin zurfin sadaukarwa da ƙauna ga 'ya'yan Malawi kuma ina godiya ga goyon bayan Gwamnati. Ina sa ran sabon rawar da na taka a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na Kula da Lafiyar Yara. "<ref name="madonnatribe.com">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna appointed as Malawi's Goodwill Ambassador for Child Welfare |url=http://news.madonnatribe.com/en/2014/madonna-appointed-as-malawis-goodwill-ambassador-for-child-welfare/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=MadonnaTribe}}</ref>
== Sanarwar manufa ==
{{Blockquote|Since 2006, Raising Malawi has been dedicated to bringing an end to the extreme poverty and hardship endured by Malawi's one million orphans. Co-founded by Madonna and Michael Berg, Raising Malawi uses a community-based approach to provide immediate direct physical assistance, create long-term sustainability, support education and psycho-social programs, and build public awareness through multimedia and worldwide volunteer efforts.<br />As a part of its activities, Raising Malawi works to distribute financial support that will help community-based organizations provide vulnerable children with nutritious food, proper clothing, secure shelter, formal education, targeted medical care, and emotional support. We believe in empowering the smartest and most caring of those people, the ones who understand the challenges and the solutions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |title=Our Mission |access-date=2008-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904084114/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |archive-date=2008-09-04 |website=Raising Malawi }}</ref>}}
== Mai tara kudade na sadaka ==
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2008, [[Madonna]] da Gucci sun ɗauki bakuncin taron tara kudade a Arewacin Lawn na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York don amfanin Raising Malawi & UNICEF . Waɗanda suka halarci taron sun kasance Tom Cruise, [[Rihanna]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], Gwen Stefani, Demi Moore da [[Gwyneth Paltrow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2008 |title="A NIGHT TO BENEFIT RAISING MALAWI AND UNICEF" hosted by Gucci and Madonna with special performances by Alicia Keys, Timbaland and Rihanna |url=http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411051549/http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-date=11 April 2008 |website=UNICEF USA |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2009, Madonna ta sanar a shafin yanar gizon Raising Malawi da kuma shafin yanar gizon ta na hukuma cewa ta yi alkawarin daidaitawa, dala don dala, duk wani gudummawa da aka yi wa duk ayyukan Raising Malawi.
== Shirye-shirye ==
=== Ilimi ===
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka mayar da hankali ga Raising Malawi shine tallafawa ayyukan ilimi. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa buƙatun ilimi na asali na marayu na Malawi, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa yara 600 a gidan marayu na Malawi tare da kudade na ilimi, tallafin karatu na sana'a da shirin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Programs |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613024741/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154/ |archive-date=2015-06-13 |access-date=2015-07-20 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
Madonna ta ba da gudummawa ga saka hannun jari don gina makaranta, Raising Malawi Academy for Girls . Duk da haka an soke aikin ne saboda rashin daidaito na kudi da haraji. A watan Janairun 2012, Raising Malawi ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa tare da buildOn don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a Malawi. Yara za su sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Progress |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925012718/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |archive-date=2009-09-25 |access-date=2014-01-07 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2012 |title=Madonna honors commitment to help children of Malawi |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124170943/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |archive-date=2013-01-24 |access-date=2012-12-22 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar Madonna ta Raising Malawi ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin yana da alaƙa da buildOn kuma ya bi sanarwar asali na gina Kwalejin 'yan mata wanda aka soke. Maimakon haka makarantun za su amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto"/>
Ya zuwa 2020 Raising Malawi da buildOn sun gina makarantun firamare 14 a yankunan karkara na Malawi da kuma ilimantar da membobin al'umma game da muhimmancin ilimin 'yan mata. Daliban da ke halartar waɗannan makarantun ba za su iya tafiya mil don isa makaranta a ƙauyen makwabta ba, su koyi lissafi a ƙarƙashin itace ko kuma suyi nazarin ABCs a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka rufe. A yau, makarantun Raising Malawi suna ba da sabis ga kusan dalibai 10,000, suna cika jajircewar Madonna na yin ilmantarwa da makaranta ga matasa na Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Work: Education |url=https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710152354/https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-date=10 July 2020 |website=Raising Malawi |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Lafiya ===
Kimanin kashi hamsin cikin dari na yawan mutanen Malawi ba su kai shekara 15 ba, yana mai da kula da yara babban fifiko ga kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2018-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917070451/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2023 |title=Malawi: Age structure from 2012 to 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/520589/age-structure-in-malawi/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Statista}}</ref> Raising Malawi ya magance wannan bukatar tun daga shekara ta 2008 ta hanyar tallafawa shirin tiyata na yara a asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth Central a Blantyre, babban birnin kasuwanci na kasar. Sarauniya Elizabeth ita ce asibiti mafi girma a Malawi kuma tana hidimtawa mutane 700,000 a kowace shekara. Har ila yau asibitin jama'a ne wanda ke nufin sabis kyauta ne. A Sarauniya Elizabeth, Raising Malawi tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗaya daga cikin likitocin yara uku kawai a Malawi, wanda ke yin daruruwan tiyata masu ceton rai a kowace shekara kuma yana koyar da ɗaliban likitoci da likitoci na gida. Raising Malawi kwanan nan ya fadada aikin tiyata na yara a Sarauniya Elizabeth ta hanyar ƙaddamar da aikin tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Malawi don gina aikin tiyata da kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) a asibitin. Gidan zai hada da ICU na farko na yara na kasar, zai ninka yawan tiyata masu ceton rai, kuma zai inganta ingantaccen sakamako na kiwon lafiya ga yara da ke mutuwa a halin yanzu yayin da suke jiran gadon ICU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seyani |first=Mayamiko |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna to build paediatric ward at QECH |url=http://mwnation.com/madonna-build-paediatric-ward-qech/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=The Nation }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Raising Malawi kuma yana aiki tare da Gidauniyar Elizabeth Taylor Aids don kawo Grassroot Soccer (GRS), rigakafin HIV / AIDS da shirin gwaji, a cikin al'ummomin da Raising Malawi ke aiki. GRS kuma tana aiki a yankin Mulanje, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wuraren kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a kasar.
=== Makarantar 'yan mata ===
Bayan binciken da kungiyar Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, an kori shugabar makarantar agaji a watan Oktoba 2010. A watan Janairun 2011 an ba da sanarwar cewa an watsar da shirye-shiryen gina makaranta, aikin agaji na musamman. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 an cire Kwamitin Daraktoci. Rushewar aikin makarantar ya haifar da rikice-rikice na ma'aikata kuma ya rikitar da rikici tare da mazauna ƙauyen da suka rasa ƙasa ga aikin. Har ila yau, ya haifar da karar shari'a ta tsoffin ma'aikata a makarantar don dakatar da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba.
== Dangantakar gwamnati ==
Lokacin da Madonna ta ziyarci Malawi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna sukar Madonna da ayyukanta na agaji, ya zarge ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar da ta bayar da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Ofishin shugaban ya zarge ta da kasancewa "mai kiɗa wanda ke tunanin cewa dole ne ta samar da karbuwa ta hanyar zaluntar jami'an jihar maimakon kunna kiɗa mai kyau a kan mataki" kuma ya kara da cewa "A gare ta gaya wa duniya duka cewa tana gina makarantu a Malawi lokacin da ta ba da gudummawa ga gina ɗakunan ajiya ba daidai ba ne da halaye na wani wanda ya yi tunanin ya cancanci a girmama shi da girman jihar" Madonna ya amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa cewa ta bakin ciki cewa Banda ta "ya za ta zabi yawon abin da kaina yaudara da muka yi, da kaina ya yarda da kaina ya kamata in ji shi da kaina ya zama abin da kaina, in ji shi".
Madonna da Raising Malawi tun daga lokacin sun karfafa dangantakarsu da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaba Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara.<ref name="madonnatribe.com"/>
== Fim din ==
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, Madonna ta dauki bakuncin fim din da ta rubuta kuma ta samar, mai taken I Am Because We Are, a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca . <ref>{{Cite web |title=I Am Because We Are |url=http://www.tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/I_Am_Because_We_Are.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807125107/https://tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/i_am_because_we_are.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 |website=Tribeca Film Festival |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nathan Rissman ne ya ba da umarnin, fim din ya biyo bayan labarun yara da yawa na Malawi waɗanda suka zama marayu saboda cutar HIV / AIDS da talauci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I AM BECAUSE WE ARE : A Documentary Film produced by Madonna |url=http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205024423/http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> An kuma nuna shirin ne a bikin fina-finai na Cannes dangane da bikin fina-fukki na amfAR na 2008 da ke adawa da cutar kanjamau, kuma a bikin fina'a na Traverse City a Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strickland |first=Rachel |date=2 May 2008 |title=Madonna Brings Malawi To Cannes |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927160207/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |archive-date=2008-09-27 |access-date=2008-06-04 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2009, an fara shirin ne a [[YouTube]] da Hulu.
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
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[[Fayil:Khumbize Chiponda, Malawi Minister of Health, speaks at the opening of the World Cancer Day 2024, “Raising Rays of Hope for Cancer Care for All”, held at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria on 1 February 2024.jpg|thumb|ministan lafiya ta malawi]]
[[Fayil:Malawi 3.jpg|thumb|malawi]]
Raising Malawi ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce [[Madonna]] da Michael Berg suka kafa a shekara ta 2006. An sadaukar da shi don taimakawa tare da matsanancin talauci da wahalar da marayu miliyan daya na [[Malawi]] suka jimre, da farko ta hanyar shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Da farko, za a gina "Raising Malawi Academy for Girls" amma bayan binciken da Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, shugabar makarantar sadaka ta yi murabus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010 kuma an dakatar da aikin.
A watan Janairun 2012, ƙungiyar ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a yankunan karkara na Malawi. Yara sun sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare da sakandare. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin ya kasance tare da buildOn kuma zai amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2012-12-27 |title=Madonna Announces Completion Of 10 Schools In Malawi In Partnership With buildOn |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/madonna-announces-completion-of-10-schools-in-malawi-in-partnership-with-buildon-184920091.html |access-date=6 March 2024 |publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref>
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba na Malawi [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna zargi ga Madonna da sadaka, yana zargin ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar sadaka da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Madonna ta amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa tana cewa ta yi bakin ciki cewa Banda "ta zaɓi ta saki ƙarya game da abin da muka cim ma, niyyata, yadda na gudanar da kaina yayin ziyarci Malawi da sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Madonna tun daga lokacin ta kara karfafa dangantakarta da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaɓa Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara. Madonna ta ce a cikin wata sanarwa, "Ina jin zurfin sadaukarwa da ƙauna ga 'ya'yan Malawi kuma ina godiya ga goyon bayan Gwamnati. Ina sa ran sabon rawar da na taka a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na Kula da Lafiyar Yara. "<ref name="madonnatribe.com">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna appointed as Malawi's Goodwill Ambassador for Child Welfare |url=http://news.madonnatribe.com/en/2014/madonna-appointed-as-malawis-goodwill-ambassador-for-child-welfare/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=MadonnaTribe}}</ref>
== Sanarwar manufa ==
{{Blockquote|Since 2006, Raising Malawi has been dedicated to bringing an end to the extreme poverty and hardship endured by Malawi's one million orphans. Co-founded by Madonna and Michael Berg, Raising Malawi uses a community-based approach to provide immediate direct physical assistance, create long-term sustainability, support education and psycho-social programs, and build public awareness through multimedia and worldwide volunteer efforts.<br />As a part of its activities, Raising Malawi works to distribute financial support that will help community-based organizations provide vulnerable children with nutritious food, proper clothing, secure shelter, formal education, targeted medical care, and emotional support. We believe in empowering the smartest and most caring of those people, the ones who understand the challenges and the solutions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |title=Our Mission |access-date=2008-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904084114/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |archive-date=2008-09-04 |website=Raising Malawi }}</ref>}}
== Mai tara kudade na sadaka ==
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2008, [[Madonna]] da Gucci sun ɗauki bakuncin taron tara kudade a Arewacin Lawn na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York don amfanin Raising Malawi & UNICEF . Waɗanda suka halarci taron sun kasance Tom Cruise, [[Rihanna]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], Gwen Stefani, Demi Moore da [[Gwyneth Paltrow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2008 |title="A NIGHT TO BENEFIT RAISING MALAWI AND UNICEF" hosted by Gucci and Madonna with special performances by Alicia Keys, Timbaland and Rihanna |url=http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411051549/http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-date=11 April 2008 |website=UNICEF USA |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2009, Madonna ta sanar a shafin yanar gizon Raising Malawi da kuma shafin yanar gizon ta na hukuma cewa ta yi alkawarin daidaitawa, dala don dala, duk wani gudummawa da aka yi wa duk ayyukan Raising Malawi.
== Shirye-shirye ==
=== Ilimi ===
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka mayar da hankali ga Raising Malawi shine tallafawa ayyukan ilimi. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa buƙatun ilimi na asali na marayu na Malawi, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa yara 600 a gidan marayu na Malawi tare da kudade na ilimi, tallafin karatu na sana'a da shirin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Programs |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613024741/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154/ |archive-date=2015-06-13 |access-date=2015-07-20 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
Madonna ta ba da gudummawa ga saka hannun jari don gina makaranta, Raising Malawi Academy for Girls . Duk da haka an soke aikin ne saboda rashin daidaito na kudi da haraji. A watan Janairun 2012, Raising Malawi ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa tare da buildOn don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a Malawi. Yara za su sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Progress |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925012718/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |archive-date=2009-09-25 |access-date=2014-01-07 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2012 |title=Madonna honors commitment to help children of Malawi |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124170943/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |archive-date=2013-01-24 |access-date=2012-12-22 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa ƙungiyar Madonna ta Raising Malawi ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin yana da alaƙa da buildOn kuma ya bi sanarwar asali na gina Kwalejin 'yan mata wanda aka soke. Maimakon haka makarantun za su amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto"/>
Ya zuwa 2020 Raising Malawi da buildOn sun gina makarantun firamare 14 a yankunan karkara na Malawi da kuma ilimantar da membobin al'umma game da muhimmancin ilimin 'yan mata. Daliban da ke halartar waɗannan makarantun ba za su iya tafiya mil don isa makaranta a ƙauyen makwabta ba, su koyi lissafi a ƙarƙashin itace ko kuma suyi nazarin ABCs a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka rufe. A yau, makarantun Raising Malawi suna ba da sabis ga kusan dalibai 10,000, suna cika jajircewar Madonna na yin ilmantarwa da makaranta ga matasa na Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Work: Education |url=https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710152354/https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-date=10 July 2020 |website=Raising Malawi |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Lafiya ===
Kimanin kashi hamsin cikin dari na yawan mutanen Malawi ba su kai shekara 15 ba, yana mai da kula da yara babban fifiko ga kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2018-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917070451/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2023 |title=Malawi: Age structure from 2012 to 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/520589/age-structure-in-malawi/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Statista}}</ref> Raising Malawi ya magance wannan bukatar tun daga shekara ta 2008 ta hanyar tallafawa shirin tiyata na yara a asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth Central a Blantyre, babban birnin kasuwanci na kasar. Sarauniya Elizabeth ita ce asibiti mafi girma a Malawi kuma tana hidimtawa mutane 700,000 a kowace shekara. Har ila yau asibitin jama'a ne wanda ke nufin sabis kyauta ne. A Sarauniya Elizabeth, Raising Malawi tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗaya daga cikin likitocin yara uku kawai a Malawi, wanda ke yin daruruwan tiyata masu ceton rai a kowace shekara kuma yana koyar da ɗaliban likitoci da likitoci na gida. Raising Malawi kwanan nan ya fadada aikin tiyata na yara a Sarauniya Elizabeth ta hanyar ƙaddamar da aikin tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Malawi don gina aikin tiyata da kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) a asibitin. Gidan zai hada da ICU na farko na yara na kasar, zai ninka yawan tiyata masu ceton rai, kuma zai inganta ingantaccen sakamako na kiwon lafiya ga yara da ke mutuwa a halin yanzu yayin da suke jiran gadon ICU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seyani |first=Mayamiko |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna to build paediatric ward at QECH |url=http://mwnation.com/madonna-build-paediatric-ward-qech/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=The Nation }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Raising Malawi kuma yana aiki tare da Gidauniyar Elizabeth Taylor Aids don kawo Grassroot Soccer (GRS), rigakafin HIV / AIDS da shirin gwaji, a cikin al'ummomin da Raising Malawi ke aiki. GRS kuma tana aiki a yankin Mulanje, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wuraren kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a kasar.
=== Makarantar 'yan mata ===
Bayan binciken da kungiyar Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, an kori shugabar makarantar agaji a watan Oktoba 2010. A watan Janairun 2011 an ba da sanarwar cewa an watsar da shirye-shiryen gina makaranta, aikin agaji na musamman. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 an cire Kwamitin Daraktoci. Rushewar aikin makarantar ya haifar da rikice-rikice na ma'aikata kuma ya rikitar da rikici tare da mazauna ƙauyen da suka rasa ƙasa ga aikin. Har ila yau, ya haifar da karar shari'a ta tsoffin ma'aikata a makarantar don dakatar da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba.
== Dangantakar gwamnati ==
Lokacin da Madonna ta ziyarci Malawi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna sukar Madonna da ayyukanta na agaji, ya zarge ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar da ta bayar da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Ofishin shugaban ya zarge ta da kasancewa "mai kiɗa wanda ke tunanin cewa dole ne ta samar da karbuwa ta hanyar zaluntar jami'an jihar maimakon kunna kiɗa mai kyau a kan mataki" kuma ya kara da cewa "A gare ta gaya wa duniya duka cewa tana gina makarantu a Malawi lokacin da ta ba da gudummawa ga gina ɗakunan ajiya ba daidai ba ne da halaye na wani wanda ya yi tunanin ya cancanci a girmama shi da girman jihar" Madonna ya amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa cewa ta bakin ciki cewa Banda ta "ya za ta zabi yawon abin da kaina yaudara da muka yi, da kaina ya yarda da kaina ya kamata in ji shi da kaina ya zama abin da kaina, in ji shi".
Madonna da Raising Malawi tun daga lokacin sun karfafa dangantakarsu da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaba Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara.<ref name="madonnatribe.com"/>
== Fim din ==
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, Madonna ta dauki bakuncin fim din da ta rubuta kuma ta samar, mai taken I Am Because We Are, a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca . <ref>{{Cite web |title=I Am Because We Are |url=http://www.tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/I_Am_Because_We_Are.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807125107/https://tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/i_am_because_we_are.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 |website=Tribeca Film Festival |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nathan Rissman ne ya ba da umarnin, fim din ya biyo bayan labarun yara da yawa na Malawi waɗanda suka zama marayu saboda cutar HIV / AIDS da talauci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I AM BECAUSE WE ARE : A Documentary Film produced by Madonna |url=http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205024423/http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> An kuma nuna shirin ne a bikin fina-finai na Cannes dangane da bikin fina-fukki na amfAR na 2008 da ke adawa da cutar kanjamau, kuma a bikin fina'a na Traverse City a Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strickland |first=Rachel |date=2 May 2008 |title=Madonna Brings Malawi To Cannes |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927160207/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |archive-date=2008-09-27 |access-date=2008-06-04 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2009, an fara shirin ne a [[YouTube]] da Hulu.
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
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[[Fayil:Khumbize Chiponda, Malawi Minister of Health, speaks at the opening of the World Cancer Day 2024, “Raising Rays of Hope for Cancer Care for All”, held at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria on 1 February 2024.jpg|thumb|ministan lafiya ta malawi]]
[[Fayil:Malawi 3.jpg|thumb|malawi]]
Raising Malawi ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce [[Madonna]] da Michael Berg suka kafa a shekara ta 2006. An sadaukar da shi don taimakawa tare da matsanancin talauci da wahalar da marayu miliyan daya na [[Malawi]] suka jimre, da farko ta hanyar shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Da farko, za a gina "Raising Malawi Academy for Girls" amma bayan binciken da Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, shugabar makarantar sadaka ta yi murabus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010 kuma an dakatar da aikin.
A watan Janairun 2012, ƙungiyar ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a yankunan karkara na Malawi. Yara sun sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare da sakandare. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin ya kasance tare da buildOn kuma zai amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2012-12-27 |title=Madonna Announces Completion Of 10 Schools In Malawi In Partnership With buildOn |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/madonna-announces-completion-of-10-schools-in-malawi-in-partnership-with-buildon-184920091.html |access-date=6 March 2024 |publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref>
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba na Malawi [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna zargi ga Madonna da sadaka, yana zargin ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar sadaka da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Madonna ta amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa tana cewa ta yi bakin ciki cewa Banda "ta zaɓi ta saki ƙarya game da abin da muka cim ma, niyyata, yadda na gudanar da kaina yayin ziyarci Malawi da sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Madonna tun daga lokacin ta kara karfafa dangantakarta da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaɓa Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara. Madonna ta ce a cikin wata sanarwa, "Ina jin zurfin sadaukarwa da ƙauna ga 'ya'yan Malawi kuma ina godiya ga goyon bayan Gwamnati. Ina sa ran sabon rawar da na taka a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na Kula da Lafiyar Yara. "<ref name="madonnatribe.com">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna appointed as Malawi's Goodwill Ambassador for Child Welfare |url=http://news.madonnatribe.com/en/2014/madonna-appointed-as-malawis-goodwill-ambassador-for-child-welfare/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=MadonnaTribe}}</ref>
== Sanarwar manufa ==
{{Blockquote|Since 2006, Raising Malawi has been dedicated to bringing an end to the extreme poverty and hardship endured by Malawi's one million orphans. Co-founded by Madonna and Michael Berg, Raising Malawi uses a community-based approach to provide immediate direct physical assistance, create long-term sustainability, support education and psycho-social programs, and build public awareness through multimedia and worldwide volunteer efforts.<br />As a part of its activities, Raising Malawi works to distribute financial support that will help community-based organizations provide vulnerable children with nutritious food, proper clothing, secure shelter, formal education, targeted medical care, and emotional support. We believe in empowering the smartest and most caring of those people, the ones who understand the challenges and the solutions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |title=Our Mission |access-date=2008-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904084114/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |archive-date=2008-09-04 |website=Raising Malawi }}</ref>}}
== Mai tara kudade na sadaka ==
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2008, [[Madonna]] da Gucci sun ɗauki bakuncin taron tara kudade a Arewacin Lawn na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York don amfanin Raising Malawi & UNICEF . Waɗanda suka halarci taron sun kasance Tom Cruise, [[Rihanna]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], Gwen Stefani, Demi Moore da [[Gwyneth Paltrow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2008 |title="A NIGHT TO BENEFIT RAISING MALAWI AND UNICEF" hosted by Gucci and Madonna with special performances by Alicia Keys, Timbaland and Rihanna |url=http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411051549/http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-date=11 April 2008 |website=UNICEF USA |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2009, Madonna ta sanar a shafin yanar gizon Raising Malawi da kuma shafin yanar gizon ta na hukuma cewa ta yi alkawarin daidaitawa, dala don dala, duk wani gudummawa da aka yi wa duk ayyukan Raising Malawi.
== Shirye-shirye ==
=== Ilimi ===
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka mayar da hankali ga Raising Malawi shine tallafawa ayyukan ilimi. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa buƙatun ilimi na asali na marayu na Malawi, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa yara 600 a gidan marayu na Malawi tare da kudade na ilimi, tallafin karatu na sana'a da shirin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Programs |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613024741/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154/ |archive-date=2015-06-13 |access-date=2015-07-20 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
Madonna ta ba da gudummawa ga saka hannun jari don gina makaranta, Raising Malawi Academy for Girls . Duk da haka an soke aikin ne saboda rashin daidaito na kudi da haraji. A watan Janairun 2012, Raising Malawi ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa tare da buildOn don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a Malawi. Yara za su sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Progress |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925012718/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |archive-date=2009-09-25 |access-date=2014-01-07 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2012 |title=Madonna honors commitment to help children of Malawi |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124170943/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |archive-date=2013-01-24 |access-date=2012-12-22 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa ƙungiyar Madonna ta Raising Malawi ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin yana da alaƙa da buildOn kuma ya bi sanarwar asali na gina Kwalejin 'yan mata wanda aka soke. Maimakon haka makarantun za su amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto"/>
Ya zuwa 2020 Raising Malawi da buildOn sun gina makarantun firamare 14 a yankunan karkara na Malawi da kuma ilimantar da membobin al'umma game da muhimmancin ilimin 'yan mata. Daliban da ke halartar waɗannan makarantun ba za su iya tafiya mil don isa makaranta a ƙauyen makwabta ba, su koyi lissafi a ƙarƙashin itace ko kuma suyi nazarin ABCs a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka rufe. A yau, makarantun Raising Malawi suna ba da sabis ga kusan dalibai 10,000, suna cika jajircewar Madonna na yin ilmantarwa da makaranta ga matasa na Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Work: Education |url=https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710152354/https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-date=10 July 2020 |website=Raising Malawi |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Lafiya ===
Kimanin kashi hamsin cikin dari na yawan mutanen Malawi ba su kai shekara 15 ba, yana mai da kula da yara babban fifiko ga kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2018-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917070451/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2023 |title=Malawi: Age structure from 2012 to 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/520589/age-structure-in-malawi/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Statista}}</ref> Raising Malawi ya magance wannan bukatar tun daga shekara ta 2008 ta hanyar tallafawa shirin tiyata na yara a asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth Central a Blantyre, babban birnin kasuwanci na kasar. Sarauniya Elizabeth ita ce asibiti mafi girma a Malawi kuma tana hidimtawa mutane 700,000 a kowace shekara. Har ila yau asibitin jama'a ne wanda ke nufin sabis kyauta ne. A Sarauniya Elizabeth, Raising Malawi tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗaya daga cikin likitocin yara uku kawai a Malawi, wanda ke yin daruruwan tiyata masu ceton rai a kowace shekara kuma yana koyar da ɗaliban likitoci da likitoci na gida. Raising Malawi kwanan nan ya fadada aikin tiyata na yara a Sarauniya Elizabeth ta hanyar ƙaddamar da aikin tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Malawi don gina aikin tiyata da kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) a asibitin. Gidan zai hada da ICU na farko na yara na kasar, zai ninka yawan tiyata masu ceton rai, kuma zai inganta ingantaccen sakamako na kiwon lafiya ga yara da ke mutuwa a halin yanzu yayin da suke jiran gadon ICU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seyani |first=Mayamiko |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna to build paediatric ward at QECH |url=http://mwnation.com/madonna-build-paediatric-ward-qech/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=The Nation }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Raising Malawi kuma yana aiki tare da Gidauniyar Elizabeth Taylor Aids don kawo Grassroot Soccer (GRS), rigakafin HIV / AIDS da shirin gwaji, a cikin al'ummomin da Raising Malawi ke aiki. GRS kuma tana aiki a yankin Mulanje, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wuraren kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a kasar.
=== Makarantar 'yan mata ===
Bayan binciken da ƙungiyar Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, an kori shugabar makarantar agaji a watan Oktoba 2010. A watan Janairun 2011 an ba da sanarwar cewa an watsar da shirye-shiryen gina makaranta, aikin agaji na musamman. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 an cire Kwamitin Daraktoci. Rushewar aikin makarantar ya haifar da rikice-rikice na ma'aikata kuma ya rikitar da rikici tare da mazauna ƙauyen da suka rasa ƙasa ga aikin. Har ila yau, ya haifar da karar shari'a ta tsoffin ma'aikata a makarantar don dakatar da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba.
== Dangantakar gwamnati ==
Lokacin da Madonna ta ziyarci Malawi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna sukar Madonna da ayyukanta na agaji, ya zarge ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar da ta bayar da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Ofishin shugaban ya zarge ta da kasancewa "mai kiɗa wanda ke tunanin cewa dole ne ta samar da karbuwa ta hanyar zaluntar jami'an jihar maimakon kunna kiɗa mai kyau a kan mataki" kuma ya kara da cewa "A gare ta gaya wa duniya duka cewa tana gina makarantu a Malawi lokacin da ta ba da gudummawa ga gina ɗakunan ajiya ba daidai ba ne da halaye na wani wanda ya yi tunanin ya cancanci a girmama shi da girman jihar" Madonna ya amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa cewa ta bakin ciki cewa Banda ta "ya za ta zabi yawon abin da kaina yaudara da muka yi, da kaina ya yarda da kaina ya kamata in ji shi da kaina ya zama abin da kaina, in ji shi".
Madonna da Raising Malawi tun daga lokacin sun karfafa dangantakarsu da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaba Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara.<ref name="madonnatribe.com"/>
== Fim din ==
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, Madonna ta dauki bakuncin fim din da ta rubuta kuma ta samar, mai taken I Am Because We Are, a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca . <ref>{{Cite web |title=I Am Because We Are |url=http://www.tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/I_Am_Because_We_Are.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807125107/https://tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/i_am_because_we_are.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 |website=Tribeca Film Festival |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nathan Rissman ne ya ba da umarnin, fim din ya biyo bayan labarun yara da yawa na Malawi waɗanda suka zama marayu saboda cutar HIV / AIDS da talauci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I AM BECAUSE WE ARE : A Documentary Film produced by Madonna |url=http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205024423/http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> An kuma nuna shirin ne a bikin fina-finai na Cannes dangane da bikin fina-fukki na amfAR na 2008 da ke adawa da cutar kanjamau, kuma a bikin fina'a na Traverse City a Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strickland |first=Rachel |date=2 May 2008 |title=Madonna Brings Malawi To Cannes |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927160207/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |archive-date=2008-09-27 |access-date=2008-06-04 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2009, an fara shirin ne a [[YouTube]] da Hulu.
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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[[Fayil:Khumbize Chiponda, Malawi Minister of Health, speaks at the opening of the World Cancer Day 2024, “Raising Rays of Hope for Cancer Care for All”, held at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria on 1 February 2024.jpg|thumb|ministan lafiya ta malawi]]
[[Fayil:Malawi 3.jpg|thumb|malawi]]
Raising Malawi ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce [[Madonna]] da Michael Berg suka kafa a shekara ta 2006. An sadaukar da shi don taimakawa tare da matsanancin talauci da wahalar da marayu miliyan daya na [[Malawi]] suka jimre, da farko ta hanyar shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Da farko, za a gina "Raising Malawi Academy for Girls" amma bayan binciken da Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, shugabar makarantar sadaka ta yi murabus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010 kuma an dakatar da aikin.
A watan Janairun 2012, ƙungiyar ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a yankunan karkara na Malawi. Yara sun sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare da sakandare. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin ya kasance tare da buildOn kuma zai amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2012-12-27 |title=Madonna Announces Completion Of 10 Schools In Malawi In Partnership With buildOn |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/madonna-announces-completion-of-10-schools-in-malawi-in-partnership-with-buildon-184920091.html |access-date=6 March 2024 |publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref>
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba na Malawi [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna zargi ga Madonna da sadaka, yana zargin ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar sadaka da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Madonna ta amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa tana cewa ta yi bakin ciki cewa Banda "ta zaɓi ta saki ƙarya game da abin da muka cim ma, niyyata, yadda na gudanar da kaina yayin ziyarci Malawi da sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Madonna tun daga lokacin ta kara karfafa dangantakarta da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaɓa Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara. Madonna ta ce a cikin wata sanarwa, "Ina jin zurfin sadaukarwa da ƙauna ga 'ya'yan Malawi kuma ina godiya ga goyon bayan Gwamnati. Ina sa ran sabon rawar da na taka a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na Kula da Lafiyar Yara. "<ref name="madonnatribe.com">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna appointed as Malawi's Goodwill Ambassador for Child Welfare |url=http://news.madonnatribe.com/en/2014/madonna-appointed-as-malawis-goodwill-ambassador-for-child-welfare/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=MadonnaTribe}}</ref>
== Sanarwar manufa ==
{{Blockquote|Since 2006, Raising Malawi has been dedicated to bringing an end to the extreme poverty and hardship endured by Malawi's one million orphans. Co-founded by Madonna and Michael Berg, Raising Malawi uses a community-based approach to provide immediate direct physical assistance, create long-term sustainability, support education and psycho-social programs, and build public awareness through multimedia and worldwide volunteer efforts.<br />As a part of its activities, Raising Malawi works to distribute financial support that will help community-based organizations provide vulnerable children with nutritious food, proper clothing, secure shelter, formal education, targeted medical care, and emotional support. We believe in empowering the smartest and most caring of those people, the ones who understand the challenges and the solutions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |title=Our Mission |access-date=2008-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904084114/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |archive-date=2008-09-04 |website=Raising Malawi }}</ref>}}
== Mai tara kudade na sadaka ==
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2008, [[Madonna]] da Gucci sun ɗauki bakuncin taron tara kudade a Arewacin Lawn na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York don amfanin Raising Malawi & UNICEF . Waɗanda suka halarci taron sun kasance Tom Cruise, [[Rihanna]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], Gwen Stefani, Demi Moore da [[Gwyneth Paltrow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2008 |title="A NIGHT TO BENEFIT RAISING MALAWI AND UNICEF" hosted by Gucci and Madonna with special performances by Alicia Keys, Timbaland and Rihanna |url=http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411051549/http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-date=11 April 2008 |website=UNICEF USA |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2009, Madonna ta sanar a shafin yanar gizon Raising Malawi da kuma shafin yanar gizon ta na hukuma cewa ta yi alkawarin daidaitawa, dala don dala, duk wani gudummawa da aka yi wa duk ayyukan Raising Malawi.
== Shirye-shirye ==
=== Ilimi ===
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka mayar da hankali ga Raising Malawi shine tallafawa ayyukan ilimi. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa buƙatun ilimi na asali na marayu na Malawi, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa yara 600 a gidan marayu na Malawi tare da kudade na ilimi, tallafin karatu na sana'a da shirin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Programs |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613024741/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154/ |archive-date=2015-06-13 |access-date=2015-07-20 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
Madonna ta ba da gudummawa ga saka hannun jari don gina makaranta, Raising Malawi Academy for Girls . Duk da haka an soke aikin ne saboda rashin daidaito na kudi da haraji. A watan Janairun 2012, Raising Malawi ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa tare da buildOn don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a Malawi. Yara za su sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Progress |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925012718/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |archive-date=2009-09-25 |access-date=2014-01-07 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2012 |title=Madonna honors commitment to help children of Malawi |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124170943/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |archive-date=2013-01-24 |access-date=2012-12-22 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa ƙungiyar Madonna ta Raising Malawi ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin yana da alaƙa da buildOn kuma ya bi sanarwar asali na gina Kwalejin 'yan mata wanda aka soke. Maimakon haka makarantun za su amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto"/>
Ya zuwa 2020 Raising Malawi da buildOn sun gina makarantun firamare 14 a yankunan karkara na Malawi da kuma ilimantar da membobin al'umma game da muhimmancin ilimin 'yan mata. Daliban da ke halartar waɗannan makarantun ba za su iya tafiya mil don isa makaranta a ƙauyen makwabta ba, su koyi lissafi a ƙarƙashin itace ko kuma suyi nazarin ABCs a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka rufe. A yau, makarantun Raising Malawi suna ba da sabis ga kusan dalibai 10,000, suna cika jajircewar Madonna na yin ilmantarwa da makaranta ga matasa na Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Work: Education |url=https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710152354/https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-date=10 July 2020 |website=Raising Malawi |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Lafiya ===
Kimanin kashi hamsin cikin dari na yawan mutanen Malawi ba su kai shekara 15 ba, yana mai da kula da yara babban fifiko ga kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2018-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917070451/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2023 |title=Malawi: Age structure from 2012 to 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/520589/age-structure-in-malawi/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Statista}}</ref> Raising Malawi ya magance wannan bukatar tun daga shekara ta 2008 ta hanyar tallafawa shirin tiyata na yara a asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth Central a Blantyre, babban birnin kasuwanci na kasar. Sarauniya Elizabeth ita ce asibiti mafi girma a Malawi kuma tana hidimtawa mutane 700,000 a kowace shekara. Har ila yau asibitin jama'a ne wanda ke nufin sabis kyauta ne. A Sarauniya Elizabeth, Raising Malawi tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗaya daga cikin likitocin yara uku kawai a Malawi, wanda ke yin daruruwan tiyata masu ceton rai a kowace shekara kuma yana koyar da ɗaliban likitoci da likitoci na gida. Raising Malawi kwanan nan ya fadada aikin tiyata na yara a Sarauniya Elizabeth ta hanyar ƙaddamar da aikin tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Malawi don gina aikin tiyata da kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) a asibitin. Gidan zai hada da ICU na farko na yara na kasar, zai ninka yawan tiyata masu ceton rai, kuma zai inganta ingantaccen sakamako na kiwon lafiya ga yara da ke mutuwa a halin yanzu yayin da suke jiran gadon ICU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seyani |first=Mayamiko |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna to build paediatric ward at QECH |url=http://mwnation.com/madonna-build-paediatric-ward-qech/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=The Nation }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Raising Malawi kuma yana aiki tare da Gidauniyar Elizabeth Taylor Aids don kawo Grassroot Soccer (GRS), rigakafin HIV / AIDS da shirin gwaji, a cikin al'ummomin da Raising Malawi ke aiki. GRS kuma tana aiki a yankin Mulanje, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wuraren kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a kasar.
=== Makarantar 'yan mata ===
Bayan binciken da ƙungiyar Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, an kori shugabar makarantar agaji a watan Oktoba 2010. A watan Janairun 2011 an ba da sanarwar cewa an watsar da shirye-shiryen gina makaranta, aikin agaji na musamman. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 an cire Kwamitin Daraktoci. Rushewar aikin makarantar ya haifar da rikice-rikice na ma'aikata kuma ya rikitar da rikici tare da mazauna ƙauyen da suka rasa ƙasa ga aikin. Har ila yau, ya haifar da karar shari'a ta tsoffin ma'aikata a makarantar don dakatar da shi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.
== Dangantakar gwamnati ==
Lokacin da Madonna ta ziyarci Malawi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna sukar Madonna da ayyukanta na agaji, ya zarge ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar da ta bayar da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Ofishin shugaban ya zarge ta da kasancewa "mai kiɗa wanda ke tunanin cewa dole ne ta samar da karbuwa ta hanyar zaluntar jami'an jihar maimakon kunna kiɗa mai kyau a kan mataki" kuma ya kara da cewa "A gare ta gaya wa duniya duka cewa tana gina makarantu a Malawi lokacin da ta ba da gudummawa ga gina ɗakunan ajiya ba daidai ba ne da halaye na wani wanda ya yi tunanin ya cancanci a girmama shi da girman jihar" Madonna ya amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa cewa ta bakin ciki cewa Banda ta "ya za ta zabi yawon abin da kaina yaudara da muka yi, da kaina ya yarda da kaina ya kamata in ji shi da kaina ya zama abin da kaina, in ji shi".
Madonna da Raising Malawi tun daga lokacin sun karfafa dangantakarsu da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaba Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara.<ref name="madonnatribe.com"/>
== Fim din ==
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, Madonna ta dauki bakuncin fim din da ta rubuta kuma ta samar, mai taken I Am Because We Are, a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca . <ref>{{Cite web |title=I Am Because We Are |url=http://www.tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/I_Am_Because_We_Are.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807125107/https://tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/i_am_because_we_are.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 |website=Tribeca Film Festival |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nathan Rissman ne ya ba da umarnin, fim din ya biyo bayan labarun yara da yawa na Malawi waɗanda suka zama marayu saboda cutar HIV / AIDS da talauci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I AM BECAUSE WE ARE : A Documentary Film produced by Madonna |url=http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205024423/http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> An kuma nuna shirin ne a bikin fina-finai na Cannes dangane da bikin fina-fukki na amfAR na 2008 da ke adawa da cutar kanjamau, kuma a bikin fina'a na Traverse City a Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strickland |first=Rachel |date=2 May 2008 |title=Madonna Brings Malawi To Cannes |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927160207/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |archive-date=2008-09-27 |access-date=2008-06-04 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2009, an fara shirin ne a [[YouTube]] da Hulu.
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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{{databox}}
[[Fayil:Khumbize Chiponda, Malawi Minister of Health, speaks at the opening of the World Cancer Day 2024, “Raising Rays of Hope for Cancer Care for All”, held at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria on 1 February 2024.jpg|thumb|ministan lafiya ta malawi]]
[[Fayil:Malawi 3.jpg|thumb|malawi]]
Raising Malawi ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce [[Madonna]] da Michael Berg suka kafa a shekara ta 2006. An sadaukar da shi don taimakawa tare da matsanancin talauci da wahalar da marayu miliyan daya na [[Malawi]] suka jimre, da farko ta hanyar shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Da farko, za a gina "Raising Malawi Academy for Girls" amma bayan binciken da Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, shugabar makarantar sadaka ta yi murabus a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010 kuma an dakatar da aikin.
A watan Janairun 2012, ƙungiyar ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a yankunan karkara na Malawi. Yara sun sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare da sakandare. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin ya kasance tare da buildOn kuma zai amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2012-12-27 |title=Madonna Announces Completion Of 10 Schools In Malawi In Partnership With buildOn |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/madonna-announces-completion-of-10-schools-in-malawi-in-partnership-with-buildon-184920091.html |access-date=6 March 2024 |publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref>
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba na Malawi [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna zargi ga Madonna da sadaka, yana zargin ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar sadaka da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Madonna ta amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa tana cewa ta yi bakin ciki cewa Banda "ta zaɓi ta saki ƙarya game da abin da muka cim ma, niyyata, yadda na gudanar da kaina yayin ziyarci Malawi da sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Madonna tun daga lokacin ta kara karfafa dangantakarta da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaɓa Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara. Madonna ta ce a cikin wata sanarwa, "Ina jin zurfin sadaukarwa da ƙauna ga 'ya'yan Malawi kuma ina godiya ga goyon bayan Gwamnati. Ina sa ran sabon rawar da na taka a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na Kula da Lafiyar Yara. "<ref name="madonnatribe.com">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna appointed as Malawi's Goodwill Ambassador for Child Welfare |url=http://news.madonnatribe.com/en/2014/madonna-appointed-as-malawis-goodwill-ambassador-for-child-welfare/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=MadonnaTribe}}</ref>
== Sanarwar manufa ==
{{Blockquote|Since 2006, Raising Malawi has been dedicated to bringing an end to the extreme poverty and hardship endured by Malawi's one million orphans. Co-founded by Madonna and Michael Berg, Raising Malawi uses a community-based approach to provide immediate direct physical assistance, create long-term sustainability, support education and psycho-social programs, and build public awareness through multimedia and worldwide volunteer efforts.<br />As a part of its activities, Raising Malawi works to distribute financial support that will help community-based organizations provide vulnerable children with nutritious food, proper clothing, secure shelter, formal education, targeted medical care, and emotional support. We believe in empowering the smartest and most caring of those people, the ones who understand the challenges and the solutions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |title=Our Mission |access-date=2008-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904084114/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/rm_mission.php |archive-date=2008-09-04 |website=Raising Malawi }}</ref>}}
== Mai tara kudade na sadaka ==
A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2008, [[Madonna]] da Gucci sun ɗauki bakuncin taron tara kudade a Arewacin Lawn na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York don amfanin Raising Malawi & UNICEF . Waɗanda suka halarci taron sun kasance Tom Cruise, [[Rihanna]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], Gwen Stefani, Demi Moore da [[Gwyneth Paltrow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2008 |title="A NIGHT TO BENEFIT RAISING MALAWI AND UNICEF" hosted by Gucci and Madonna with special performances by Alicia Keys, Timbaland and Rihanna |url=http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411051549/http://www.unicefusa.org/news/releases/a-night-to-benefit-raising.html |archive-date=11 April 2008 |website=UNICEF USA |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2009, Madonna ta sanar a shafin yanar gizon Raising Malawi da kuma shafin yanar gizon ta na hukuma cewa ta yi alkawarin daidaitawa, dala don dala, duk wani gudummawa da aka yi wa duk ayyukan Raising Malawi.
== Shirye-shirye ==
=== Ilimi ===
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka mayar da hankali ga Raising Malawi shine tallafawa ayyukan ilimi. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa buƙatun ilimi na asali na marayu na Malawi, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Raising Malawi tana tallafawa yara 600 a gidan marayu na Malawi tare da kudade na ilimi, tallafin karatu na sana'a da shirin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Programs |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613024741/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/154/ |archive-date=2015-06-13 |access-date=2015-07-20 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
Madonna ta ba da gudummawa ga saka hannun jari don gina makaranta, Raising Malawi Academy for Girls . Duk da haka an soke aikin ne saboda rashin daidaito na kudi da haraji. A watan Janairun 2012, Raising Malawi ta ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa tare da buildOn don gina makarantun firamare 10 don yiwa yara sama da 1,000 hidima a Malawi. Yara za su sami tallafin ilimin firamare, gami da tallafin karatu na ilimi, kayan makaranta, da kayan ilmantarwa. Za su amfana daga gina sabbin ko gyare-gyaren makarantun firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Progress |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925012718/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/pages/progress |archive-date=2009-09-25 |access-date=2014-01-07 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2012 |title=Madonna honors commitment to help children of Malawi |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124170943/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-honors-commitment-to-help-children-of-malawi/ |archive-date=2013-01-24 |access-date=2012-12-22 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref>
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014 an ba da sanarwar cewa ƙungiyar Madonna ta Raising Malawi ta kammala makarantu goma don ilimantar da yara 4,871 a wurare daban-daban a Malawi. Kamfanin yana da alaƙa da buildOn kuma ya bi sanarwar asali na gina Kwalejin 'yan mata wanda aka soke. Maimakon haka makarantun za su amfana da yara na dukkan jinsi kuma an kammala aikin a cikin watanni goma sha biyu, watanni shida kafin jadawalin.<ref name="auto"/>
Ya zuwa 2020 Raising Malawi da buildOn sun gina makarantun firamare 14 a yankunan karkara na Malawi da kuma ilimantar da membobin al'umma game da muhimmancin ilimin 'yan mata. Daliban da ke halartar waɗannan makarantun ba za su iya tafiya mil don isa makaranta a ƙauyen makwabta ba, su koyi lissafi a ƙarƙashin itace ko kuma suyi nazarin ABCs a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka rufe. A yau, makarantun Raising Malawi suna ba da sabis ga kusan dalibai 10,000, suna cika jajircewar Madonna na yin ilmantarwa da makaranta ga matasa na Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Work: Education |url=https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710152354/https://www.raisingmalawi.org/our-work/#education |archive-date=10 July 2020 |website=Raising Malawi |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Lafiya ===
Kimanin kashi hamsin cikin dari na yawan mutanen Malawi ba su kai shekara 15 ba, yana mai da kula da yara babban fifiko ga kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2018-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917070451/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_statistics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2023 |title=Malawi: Age structure from 2012 to 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/520589/age-structure-in-malawi/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Statista}}</ref> Raising Malawi ya magance wannan bukatar tun daga shekara ta 2008 ta hanyar tallafawa shirin tiyata na yara a asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth Central a Blantyre, babban birnin kasuwanci na kasar. Sarauniya Elizabeth ita ce asibiti mafi girma a Malawi kuma tana hidimtawa mutane 700,000 a kowace shekara. Har ila yau asibitin jama'a ne wanda ke nufin sabis kyauta ne. A Sarauniya Elizabeth, Raising Malawi tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗaya daga cikin likitocin yara uku kawai a Malawi, wanda ke yin daruruwan tiyata masu ceton rai a kowace shekara kuma yana koyar da ɗaliban likitoci da likitoci na gida. Raising Malawi kwanan nan ya fadada aikin tiyata na yara a Sarauniya Elizabeth ta hanyar ƙaddamar da aikin tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Malawi don gina aikin tiyata da kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) a asibitin. Gidan zai hada da ICU na farko na yara na kasar, zai ninka yawan tiyata masu ceton rai, kuma zai inganta ingantaccen sakamako na kiwon lafiya ga yara da ke mutuwa a halin yanzu yayin da suke jiran gadon ICU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seyani |first=Mayamiko |date=28 November 2014 |title=Madonna to build paediatric ward at QECH |url=http://mwnation.com/madonna-build-paediatric-ward-qech/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=The Nation }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Raising Malawi kuma yana aiki tare da Gidauniyar Elizabeth Taylor Aids don kawo Grassroot Soccer (GRS), rigakafin HIV / AIDS da shirin gwaji, a cikin al'ummomin da Raising Malawi ke aiki. GRS kuma tana aiki a yankin Mulanje, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wuraren kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a kasar.
=== Makarantar 'yan mata ===
Bayan binciken da ƙungiyar Global Philanthropy Group ta yi, wanda ya yi tambaya game da kashewa kan albashi da fa'idodi da kuma ikon gudanarwa da al'adu, an kori shugabar makarantar agaji a watan Oktoba 2010. A watan Janairun 2011 an ba da sanarwar cewa an watsar da shirye-shiryen gina makaranta, aikin agaji na musamman. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 an cire Kwamitin Daraktoci. Rushewar aikin makarantar ya haifar da rikice-rikice na ma'aikata kuma ya rikitar da rikici tare da mazauna ƙauyen da suka rasa ƙasa ga aikin. Har ila yau, ya haifar da karar shari'a ta tsoffin ma'aikata a makarantar don dakatar da shi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.
== Dangantakar gwamnati ==
Lokacin da Madonna ta ziyarci Malawi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Shugaba [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ya nuna sukar Madonna da ayyukanta na agaji, ya zarge ta da wuce gona da iri da gudummawar da ta bayar da kuma "cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati". Ofishin shugaban ya zarge ta da kasancewa "mai kiɗa wanda ke tunanin cewa dole ne ta samar da karbuwa ta hanyar zaluntar jami'an jihar maimakon kunna kiɗa mai kyau a kan mataki" kuma ya kara da cewa "A gare ta gaya wa duniya duka cewa tana gina makarantu a Malawi lokacin da ta ba da gudummawa ga gina ɗakunan ajiya ba daidai ba ne da halaye na wani wanda ya yi tunanin ya cancanci a girmama shi da girman jihar" Madonna ya amsa ta hanyar sakin wata sanarwa cewa ta bakin ciki cewa Banda ta "ya za ta zabi yawon abin da kaina yaudara da muka yi, da kaina ya yarda da kaina ya kamata in ji shi da kaina ya zama abin da kaina, in ji shi".
Madonna da Raising Malawi tun daga lokacin sun karfafa dangantakarsu da gwamnatin Malawi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Madonna da ƙungiyar Raising Malawi sun ziyarci ƙasar kuma sun sadu da sabon shugaban da aka zaba Peter Mutharika da Ministocin Gwamnati da yawa. A lokacin ziyarar, Shugaba Mutharika ya kira Madonna Jakadan Goodwill don Kula da Lafiyar Yara.<ref name="madonnatribe.com"/>
== Fim din ==
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, Madonna ta ɗauki bakuncin fim din da ta rubuta kuma ta samar, mai taken I Am Because We Are, a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca . <ref>{{Cite web |title=I Am Because We Are |url=http://www.tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/I_Am_Because_We_Are.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807125107/https://tribecafilmfestival.org/filmguide/i_am_because_we_are.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 |website=Tribeca Film Festival |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nathan Rissman ne ya ba da umarnin, fim din ya biyo bayan labarun yara da yawa na Malawi waɗanda suka zama marayu saboda cutar HIV / AIDS da talauci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I AM BECAUSE WE ARE : A Documentary Film produced by Madonna |url=http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205024423/http://www.iambecauseweare.com/ |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=29 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> An kuma nuna shirin ne a bikin fina-finai na Cannes dangane da bikin fina-fukki na amfAR na 2008 da ke adawa da cutar kanjamau, kuma a bikin fina'a na Traverse City a Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strickland |first=Rachel |date=2 May 2008 |title=Madonna Brings Malawi To Cannes |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927160207/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog_cannes.php |archive-date=2008-09-27 |access-date=2008-06-04 |website=Raising Malawi}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2009, an fara shirin ne a [[YouTube]] da Hulu.
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
dxcgf6jbvbgwd5s5fnx7189ubl0ic4g
Kamfanin Ruwa na (Propel water)
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[[Fayil:Water movement by the propellor 1.jpg|thumb|Hanyar wucewar ruwa]]
[[Fayil:Water movement by the propellor 2.jpg|thumb|propell water]]
Propel Water alama ce ta Amurkawa na dandanon ruwan kwalba wanda aka siyar dashi azaman mai dauke da antioxidants da bitamin. Samfurin abin sha ne na Gatorade kuma PepsiCo ne ke tallata shi.
== Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su. ==
Ruwa yakan kunshi, tare da ruwa, citric acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, dandano na halitta, potassium sorbate, ascorbic acid (bitamin C), sucralose, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, acesulfame potassium, niacinamide (bitamin B3), Calcium disodium EDTA, bitamin E acetate, calcium pantothenate (bitamin B5), da pyridoxine hydrochloride (bitamin B6).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Site for PepsiCo Beverage Information — Product |url=http://www.pepsicobeveragefacts.com/Home/Product?formula=93503%2A01%2A08-01&form=RTD&size=20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922221339/http://www.pepsicobeveragefacts.com/Home/product?formula=93503*01*08-01&form=RTD&size=20 |archive-date=22 September 2015 |access-date=8 August 2015 |website=pepsicobeveragefacts.com}}</ref>
== Tarihi. ==
Gatorade ya gabatar da Propel Fitness Water a cikin 2002. A cikin Janairu 2006, Gatorade ya gabatar da Propel Calcium. A lokacin rani na 2006, Gatorade ya gabatar da fakitin foda na Propel: busasshen foda na Propel, inda ake kara abubuwan da ke cikin fakitin foda zuwa kwalbar ruwa 500 ml (16.9 oz). Propel foda tare da alli kaddamar a Janairu 2010. A farkon 2009, Gatorade canza kwalban zane. Marubucin ya yi ikirarin cewa kwalaben sun ƙunshi karancin filastik 20% fiye da waɗanda suka gabace su.
A farkon 2011, Gatorade ya sanar da cewa yana dakatar da samar da Propel na yau da kullun (tare da tushe na sucrose da kayan zaki na wucin gadi), don jin daɗin nau'in zaki mai ɗanɗano, Propel Zero. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2012}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'']</sup>
A cikin 2023, PepsiCo ya kafa sabon fayil ɗin da ke haɗa nau'ikan wasanni da abubuwan sha na motsa jiki a ƙarƙashin laima na Gatorade. An haɗa Propel a cikin wannan laima.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beer |first=Jeff |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Why PepsiCo's Gatorade is now a portfolio of brands with Muscle Milk, Propel, and more |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90847885/pepsico-gatorade-portfolio-brands-muscle-milk-propel-super-bowl |access-date=April 17, 2023 |website=[[Fast Company]]}}</ref>
== Bayanan da aka ambata. ==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
apo1xdkjz32p52yolux0r1ru51ywsag
Ka san komai
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'''Kno, Inc.''' kamfani ne na software wanda ke aiki tare da hadin kan masu bugawa don bayar da littattafan dijital da sauran kayan ilimi.<ref name="digitalbookworld.com">{{Cite web |date=February 4, 2013 |title=Kno Partners With State University of New York Press to Bring Digital Content to Students - Digital Book World |url=http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |access-date=August 9, 2024 |archive-date=April 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411030009/http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, bayan da ya tara kusan dala miliyan 100 a cikin babban birnin kasuwanci, kamfanin ya sayi kamfanin. An dakatar da shafin yanar gizon kuma an sake sunan sabis ɗin zuwa nazarin Intel Education Sdaga baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrie Mihalcik |date=November 9, 2013 |title=Intel stuffs its backpack with high-tech textbooks in Kno deal |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1001_3-57611636-92/intel-stuffs-its-backpack-with-high-tech-textbooks-in-kno-deal/ |access-date=November 9, 2013 |website=[[CNET News]]}}</ref>
== Tarihi ==
An kafa shi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009, Shugaba Osman Rashid ne ya jagoranci Kno, wanda ya kafa Chegg, da CTO Babur Habib, tsohon mai amfani da kayan lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2010 |title=Kno: Andreessen Horowitz, others invest $46M in digital textbook startup |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_16021119?nclick_check=1 |access-date=2010-11-19 |website=San Jose Mercury News}}</ref> Kamfanin ya sami tallafi daga Andreessen Horowitz, Intel Capital, Goldman Sachs, FLOODGATE da GSV Capital, kuma an kafa shi ne a Santa Clara, California.
Da farko kamfanin ya sanar, a cikin watan Yuni Shekara ta 2010, layin kwamfutocin kwamfutar hannu.[5] Manufarta ita ce bayar da "littafin karatu na dijital / dandamali na ɗalibai" wanda ke nufin kasuwar ilimi.[4] Tablet ɗin littafin yana samuwa ko dai tare da allon taɓawa guda ɗaya 14.1" ko tare da allon taɓawa guda biyu 14.1.[6] Tsarin aiki ya dogara ne akan Linux da Webkit.
----A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya ba da lasisi ga ƙirar kayan aikinsa ga Intel kuma a maimakon haka zai mai da hankali kan haɓaka software.<ref name="bw">{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2011 |title=Intel Capital, Advance Publications, Andreessen Horowitz, First Round Capital, FLOODGATE and SV Angels Invest $30 Million in Kno |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110408005601/en/Intel-Capital-Advance-Publications-Andreessen-Horowitz-Capital |access-date=2011-04-08 |website=Press release}}</ref> Watanni biyu bayan haka, kamfanin ya fitar da aikace-aikacen iPad, sannan kuma sassan Galaxy Note 10.1, Android Jelly Bean, Windows 7 & 8, da dandamali da na'urorin yanar gizo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2011 |title=Kno Unveils Beta Textbook App for iPad with World's Largest eTextbook Catalog |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110606005790/en/Kno-Unveils-Beta-Textbook-App-iPad-World%E2%80%99s |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2012 |title=Kno Education App and Samsung GALAXY Note 10.1 Bring Interactive Textbook Experience to Android |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120815005341/en/Kno-Education-App-Samsung-GALAXY-Note-10.1 |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel® Education Study App - Android Apps on Google Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kno.textbooks |website=play.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Buy Kno Textbooks - Microsoft Store |url=http://apps.microsoft.com/windows/en-US/app/kno-textbooks/c9ca3bf7-7379-4448-aeae-91a8e8d0c075 |website=Microsoft Store}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-08-09 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429032216/http://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |url-status=dead }}</ref>
A watan Agustan 2012, kamfanin ya fadada kundin sunayen sarauta daga littattafan kwaleji don haɗawa da kasuwar K-12.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 7, 2012 |title=Kno Launches K-12 Digital Textbooks, Empowering Parents to Go Digital at Home |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120807005373/en |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref>
Kamfanin Intel ne ya mallaki kamfanin a shekara mai zuwa.
<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2013 |title=Intel Education Welcomes Kno to the Family - CSR@Intel |url=http://blogs.intel.com/csr/2013/11/intel-education-welcomes-kno-to-the-family/ |website=blogs.intel.com}}</ref>
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
l6wcf8u0snkare33hcmqihta5jrelb1
559252
559249
2024-12-18T16:41:35Z
Mahuta
11340
559252
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
'''Kno, Inc.''' kamfani ne na software wanda ke aiki tare da hadin kan masu bugawa don bayar da littattafan dijital da sauran kayan ilimi.<ref name="digitalbookworld.com">{{Cite web |date=February 4, 2013 |title=Kno Partners With State University of New York Press to Bring Digital Content to Students - Digital Book World |url=http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |access-date=August 9, 2024 |archive-date=April 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411030009/http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, bayan da ya tara kusan dala miliyan 100 a cikin babban birnin kasuwanci, kamfanin ya sayi kamfanin. An dakatar da shafin yanar gizon kuma an sake sunan sabis ɗin zuwa nazarin Intel Education Sdaga baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrie Mihalcik |date=November 9, 2013 |title=Intel stuffs its backpack with high-tech textbooks in Kno deal |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1001_3-57611636-92/intel-stuffs-its-backpack-with-high-tech-textbooks-in-kno-deal/ |access-date=November 9, 2013 |website=[[CNET News]]}}</ref>
== Tarihi ==
An kafa shi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009, Shugaba Osman Rashid ne ya jagoranci Kno, wanda ya kafa Chegg, da CTO Babur Habib, tsohon mai amfani da kayan lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2010 |title=Kno: Andreessen Horowitz, others invest $46M in digital textbook startup |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_16021119?nclick_check=1 |access-date=2010-11-19 |website=San Jose Mercury News}}</ref> Kamfanin ya sami tallafi daga Andreessen Horowitz, Intel Capital, Goldman Sachs, FLOODGATE da GSV Capital, kuma an kafa shi ne a Santa Clara, California.
Da farko kamfanin ya sanar, a cikin watan Yuni Shekara ta 2010, layin kwamfutocin kwamfutar hannu.[5] Manufarta ita ce bayar da "littafin karatu na dijital / dandamali na ɗalibai" wanda ke nufin kasuwar ilimi.[4] Tablet ɗin littafin yana samuwa ko dai tare da allon taɓawa guda ɗaya 14.1" ko tare da allon taɓawa guda biyu 14.1.[6] Tsarin aiki ya dogara ne akan Linux da Webkit.
----A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya ba da lasisi ga ƙirar kayan aikinsa ga Intel kuma a maimakon haka zai mai da hankali kan haɓaka software.<ref name="bw">{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2011 |title=Intel Capital, Advance Publications, Andreessen Horowitz, First Round Capital, FLOODGATE and SV Angels Invest $30 Million in Kno |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110408005601/en/Intel-Capital-Advance-Publications-Andreessen-Horowitz-Capital |access-date=2011-04-08 |website=Press release}}</ref> Watanni biyu bayan haka, kamfanin ya fitar da aikace-aikacen iPad, sannan kuma sassan Galaxy Note 10.1, Android Jelly Bean, Windows 7 & 8, da dandamali da na'urorin yanar gizo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2011 |title=Kno Unveils Beta Textbook App for iPad with World's Largest eTextbook Catalog |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110606005790/en/Kno-Unveils-Beta-Textbook-App-iPad-World%E2%80%99s |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2012 |title=Kno Education App and Samsung GALAXY Note 10.1 Bring Interactive Textbook Experience to Android |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120815005341/en/Kno-Education-App-Samsung-GALAXY-Note-10.1 |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel® Education Study App - Android Apps on Google Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kno.textbooks |website=play.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Buy Kno Textbooks - Microsoft Store |url=http://apps.microsoft.com/windows/en-US/app/kno-textbooks/c9ca3bf7-7379-4448-aeae-91a8e8d0c075 |website=Microsoft Store}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-08-09 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429032216/http://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |url-status=dead }}</ref>
A watan Agustan 2012, kamfanin ya fadada kundin sunayen sarauta daga littattafan kwaleji don haɗawa da kasuwar K-12.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 7, 2012 |title=Kno Launches K-12 Digital Textbooks, Empowering Parents to Go Digital at Home |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120807005373/en |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref>
Kamfanin Intel ne ya mallaki kamfanin a shekara mai zuwa.
<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2013 |title=Intel Education Welcomes Kno to the Family - CSR@Intel |url=http://blogs.intel.com/csr/2013/11/intel-education-welcomes-kno-to-the-family/ |website=blogs.intel.com}}</ref>
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
qnmqpt00h3cw2plk83ta6s7uz2dje8k
559254
559252
2024-12-18T16:42:05Z
Mahuta
11340
559254
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
'''Kno, Inc.''' kamfani ne na software wanda ke aiki tare da hadin kan masu bugawa don bayar da littattafan dijital da sauran kayan ilimi.<ref name="digitalbookworld.com">{{Cite web |date=February 4, 2013 |title=Kno Partners With State University of New York Press to Bring Digital Content to Students - Digital Book World |url=http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |access-date=August 9, 2024 |archive-date=April 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411030009/http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, bayan da ya tara kusan dala miliyan 100 a cikin babban birnin kasuwanci, kamfanin ya sayi kamfanin. An dakatar da shafin [[yanar gizo]] kuma an sake sunan sabis ɗin zuwa nazarin Intel Education Sdaga baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrie Mihalcik |date=November 9, 2013 |title=Intel stuffs its backpack with high-tech textbooks in Kno deal |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1001_3-57611636-92/intel-stuffs-its-backpack-with-high-tech-textbooks-in-kno-deal/ |access-date=November 9, 2013 |website=[[CNET News]]}}</ref>
== Tarihi ==
An kafa shi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009, Shugaba Osman Rashid ne ya jagoranci Kno, wanda ya kafa Chegg, da CTO Babur Habib, tsohon mai amfani da kayan lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2010 |title=Kno: Andreessen Horowitz, others invest $46M in digital textbook startup |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_16021119?nclick_check=1 |access-date=2010-11-19 |website=San Jose Mercury News}}</ref> Kamfanin ya sami tallafi daga Andreessen Horowitz, Intel Capital, Goldman Sachs, FLOODGATE da GSV Capital, kuma an kafa shi ne a Santa Clara, California.
Da farko kamfanin ya sanar, a cikin watan Yuni Shekara ta 2010, layin kwamfutocin kwamfutar hannu.[5] Manufarta ita ce bayar da "littafin karatu na dijital / dandamali na ɗalibai" wanda ke nufin kasuwar ilimi.[4] Tablet ɗin littafin yana samuwa ko dai tare da allon taɓawa guda ɗaya 14.1" ko tare da allon taɓawa guda biyu 14.1.[6] Tsarin aiki ya dogara ne akan Linux da Webkit.
----A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya ba da lasisi ga ƙirar kayan aikinsa ga Intel kuma a maimakon haka zai mai da hankali kan haɓaka software.<ref name="bw">{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2011 |title=Intel Capital, Advance Publications, Andreessen Horowitz, First Round Capital, FLOODGATE and SV Angels Invest $30 Million in Kno |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110408005601/en/Intel-Capital-Advance-Publications-Andreessen-Horowitz-Capital |access-date=2011-04-08 |website=Press release}}</ref> Watanni biyu bayan haka, kamfanin ya fitar da aikace-aikacen iPad, sannan kuma sassan Galaxy Note 10.1, Android Jelly Bean, Windows 7 & 8, da dandamali da na'urorin yanar gizo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2011 |title=Kno Unveils Beta Textbook App for iPad with World's Largest eTextbook Catalog |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110606005790/en/Kno-Unveils-Beta-Textbook-App-iPad-World%E2%80%99s |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2012 |title=Kno Education App and Samsung GALAXY Note 10.1 Bring Interactive Textbook Experience to Android |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120815005341/en/Kno-Education-App-Samsung-GALAXY-Note-10.1 |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel® Education Study App - Android Apps on Google Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kno.textbooks |website=play.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Buy Kno Textbooks - Microsoft Store |url=http://apps.microsoft.com/windows/en-US/app/kno-textbooks/c9ca3bf7-7379-4448-aeae-91a8e8d0c075 |website=Microsoft Store}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-08-09 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429032216/http://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |url-status=dead }}</ref>
A watan Agustan 2012, kamfanin ya fadada kundin sunayen sarauta daga littattafan kwaleji don haɗawa da kasuwar K-12.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 7, 2012 |title=Kno Launches K-12 Digital Textbooks, Empowering Parents to Go Digital at Home |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120807005373/en |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref>
Kamfanin Intel ne ya mallaki kamfanin a shekara mai zuwa.
<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2013 |title=Intel Education Welcomes Kno to the Family - CSR@Intel |url=http://blogs.intel.com/csr/2013/11/intel-education-welcomes-kno-to-the-family/ |website=blogs.intel.com}}</ref>
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
2cx5gxctzp9j71dzt6va2mc9nfuezv1
559256
559254
2024-12-18T16:42:24Z
Mahuta
11340
559256
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
'''Kno, Inc.''' kamfani ne na software wanda ke aiki tare da hadin kan masu bugawa don bayar da littattafan dijital da sauran kayan ilimi.<ref name="digitalbookworld.com">{{Cite web |date=February 4, 2013 |title=Kno Partners With State University of New York Press to Bring Digital Content to Students - Digital Book World |url=http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |access-date=August 9, 2024 |archive-date=April 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411030009/http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, bayan da ya tara kusan dala miliyan 100 a cikin babban birnin kasuwanci, kamfanin ya sayi kamfanin. An dakatar da shafin [[yanar gizo]] kuma an sake sunan sabis ɗin zuwa nazarin Intel Education Sdaga baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrie Mihalcik |date=November 9, 2013 |title=Intel stuffs its backpack with high-tech textbooks in Kno deal |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1001_3-57611636-92/intel-stuffs-its-backpack-with-high-tech-textbooks-in-kno-deal/ |access-date=November 9, 2013 |website=[[CNET News]]}}</ref>
== Tarihi ==
An kafa shi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009, Shugaba Osman Rashid ne ya jagoranci Kno, wanda ya kafa Chegg, da CTO Babur Habib, tsohon mai amfani da kayan lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2010 |title=Kno: Andreessen Horowitz, others invest $46M in digital textbook startup |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_16021119?nclick_check=1 |access-date=2010-11-19 |website=San Jose Mercury News}}</ref> Kamfanin ya sami tallafi daga Andreessen Horowitz, Intel Capital, Goldman Sachs, FLOODGATE da GSV Capital, kuma an kafa shi ne a Santa Clara, [[California]].
Da farko kamfanin ya sanar, a cikin watan Yuni Shekara ta 2010, layin kwamfutocin kwamfutar hannu.[5] Manufarta ita ce bayar da "littafin karatu na dijital / dandamali na ɗalibai" wanda ke nufin kasuwar ilimi.[4] Tablet ɗin littafin yana samuwa ko dai tare da allon taɓawa guda ɗaya 14.1" ko tare da allon taɓawa guda biyu 14.1.[6] Tsarin aiki ya dogara ne akan Linux da Webkit.
----A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya ba da lasisi ga ƙirar kayan aikinsa ga Intel kuma a maimakon haka zai mai da hankali kan haɓaka software.<ref name="bw">{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2011 |title=Intel Capital, Advance Publications, Andreessen Horowitz, First Round Capital, FLOODGATE and SV Angels Invest $30 Million in Kno |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110408005601/en/Intel-Capital-Advance-Publications-Andreessen-Horowitz-Capital |access-date=2011-04-08 |website=Press release}}</ref> Watanni biyu bayan haka, kamfanin ya fitar da aikace-aikacen iPad, sannan kuma sassan Galaxy Note 10.1, Android Jelly Bean, Windows 7 & 8, da dandamali da na'urorin yanar gizo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2011 |title=Kno Unveils Beta Textbook App for iPad with World's Largest eTextbook Catalog |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110606005790/en/Kno-Unveils-Beta-Textbook-App-iPad-World%E2%80%99s |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2012 |title=Kno Education App and Samsung GALAXY Note 10.1 Bring Interactive Textbook Experience to Android |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120815005341/en/Kno-Education-App-Samsung-GALAXY-Note-10.1 |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel® Education Study App - Android Apps on Google Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kno.textbooks |website=play.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Buy Kno Textbooks - Microsoft Store |url=http://apps.microsoft.com/windows/en-US/app/kno-textbooks/c9ca3bf7-7379-4448-aeae-91a8e8d0c075 |website=Microsoft Store}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-08-09 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429032216/http://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |url-status=dead }}</ref>
A watan Agustan 2012, kamfanin ya fadada kundin sunayen sarauta daga littattafan kwaleji don haɗawa da kasuwar K-12.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 7, 2012 |title=Kno Launches K-12 Digital Textbooks, Empowering Parents to Go Digital at Home |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120807005373/en |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref>
Kamfanin Intel ne ya mallaki kamfanin a shekara mai zuwa.
<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2013 |title=Intel Education Welcomes Kno to the Family - CSR@Intel |url=http://blogs.intel.com/csr/2013/11/intel-education-welcomes-kno-to-the-family/ |website=blogs.intel.com}}</ref>
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
nxl27hxd46vlt8gd4dmq4l1n2rraysj
559258
559256
2024-12-18T16:42:46Z
Mahuta
11340
559258
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
'''Kno, Inc.''' kamfani ne na software wanda ke aiki tare da hadin kan masu bugawa don bayar da littattafan dijital da sauran kayan ilimi.<ref name="digitalbookworld.com">{{Cite web |date=February 4, 2013 |title=Kno Partners With State University of New York Press to Bring Digital Content to Students - Digital Book World |url=http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |access-date=August 9, 2024 |archive-date=April 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411030009/http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, bayan da ya tara kusan dala miliyan 100 a cikin babban birnin kasuwanci, kamfanin ya sayi kamfanin. An dakatar da shafin [[yanar gizo]] kuma an sake sunan sabis ɗin zuwa nazarin Intel Education Sdaga baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrie Mihalcik |date=November 9, 2013 |title=Intel stuffs its backpack with high-tech textbooks in Kno deal |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1001_3-57611636-92/intel-stuffs-its-backpack-with-high-tech-textbooks-in-kno-deal/ |access-date=November 9, 2013 |website=[[CNET News]]}}</ref>
== Tarihi ==
An kafa shi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009, Shugaba Osman Rashid ne ya jagoranci Kno, wanda ya kafa Chegg, da CTO Babur Habib, tsohon mai amfani da kayan lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2010 |title=Kno: Andreessen Horowitz, others invest $46M in digital textbook startup |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_16021119?nclick_check=1 |access-date=2010-11-19 |website=San Jose Mercury News}}</ref> Kamfanin ya sami tallafi daga Andreessen Horowitz, Intel Capital, Goldman Sachs, FLOODGATE da GSV Capital, kuma an kafa shi ne a [[Santa Clara]], [[California]].
Da farko kamfanin ya sanar, a cikin watan Yuni Shekara ta 2010, layin kwamfutocin kwamfutar hannu.[5] Manufarta ita ce bayar da "littafin karatu na dijital / dandamali na ɗalibai" wanda ke nufin kasuwar ilimi.[4] Tablet ɗin littafin yana samuwa ko dai tare da allon taɓawa guda ɗaya 14.1" ko tare da allon taɓawa guda biyu 14.1.[6] Tsarin aiki ya dogara ne akan Linux da Webkit.
----A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya ba da lasisi ga ƙirar kayan aikinsa ga Intel kuma a maimakon haka zai mai da hankali kan haɓaka software.<ref name="bw">{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2011 |title=Intel Capital, Advance Publications, Andreessen Horowitz, First Round Capital, FLOODGATE and SV Angels Invest $30 Million in Kno |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110408005601/en/Intel-Capital-Advance-Publications-Andreessen-Horowitz-Capital |access-date=2011-04-08 |website=Press release}}</ref> Watanni biyu bayan haka, kamfanin ya fitar da aikace-aikacen iPad, sannan kuma sassan Galaxy Note 10.1, Android Jelly Bean, Windows 7 & 8, da dandamali da na'urorin yanar gizo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2011 |title=Kno Unveils Beta Textbook App for iPad with World's Largest eTextbook Catalog |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110606005790/en/Kno-Unveils-Beta-Textbook-App-iPad-World%E2%80%99s |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2012 |title=Kno Education App and Samsung GALAXY Note 10.1 Bring Interactive Textbook Experience to Android |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120815005341/en/Kno-Education-App-Samsung-GALAXY-Note-10.1 |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel® Education Study App - Android Apps on Google Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kno.textbooks |website=play.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Buy Kno Textbooks - Microsoft Store |url=http://apps.microsoft.com/windows/en-US/app/kno-textbooks/c9ca3bf7-7379-4448-aeae-91a8e8d0c075 |website=Microsoft Store}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-08-09 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429032216/http://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |url-status=dead }}</ref>
A watan Agustan 2012, kamfanin ya fadada kundin sunayen sarauta daga littattafan kwaleji don haɗawa da kasuwar K-12.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 7, 2012 |title=Kno Launches K-12 Digital Textbooks, Empowering Parents to Go Digital at Home |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120807005373/en |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref>
Kamfanin Intel ne ya mallaki kamfanin a shekara mai zuwa.
<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2013 |title=Intel Education Welcomes Kno to the Family - CSR@Intel |url=http://blogs.intel.com/csr/2013/11/intel-education-welcomes-kno-to-the-family/ |website=blogs.intel.com}}</ref>
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
m3tp9n5xx8liji9xdson8ynil5rxohs
559259
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2024-12-18T16:43:18Z
Mahuta
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'''Kno, Inc.''' kamfani ne na software wanda ke aiki tare da hadin kan masu bugawa don bayar da littattafan dijital da sauran kayan ilimi.<ref name="digitalbookworld.com">{{Cite web |date=February 4, 2013 |title=Kno Partners With State University of New York Press to Bring Digital Content to Students - Digital Book World |url=http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |access-date=August 9, 2024 |archive-date=April 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411030009/http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, bayan da ya tara kusan dala miliyan 100 a cikin babban birnin kasuwanci, kamfanin ya sayi kamfanin. An dakatar da shafin [[yanar gizo]] kuma an sake sunan sabis ɗin zuwa nazarin Intel Education Sdaga baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrie Mihalcik |date=November 9, 2013 |title=Intel stuffs its backpack with high-tech textbooks in Kno deal |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1001_3-57611636-92/intel-stuffs-its-backpack-with-high-tech-textbooks-in-kno-deal/ |access-date=November 9, 2013 |website=[[CNET News]]}}</ref>
== Tarihi ==
An kafa shi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009, Shugaba Osman Rashid ne ya jagoranci Kno, wanda ya kafa Chegg, da CTO Babur Habib, tsohon mai amfani da kayan lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2010 |title=Kno: Andreessen Horowitz, others invest $46M in digital textbook startup |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_16021119?nclick_check=1 |access-date=2010-11-19 |website=San Jose Mercury News}}</ref> Kamfanin ya sami tallafi daga Andreessen Horowitz, Intel Capital, Goldman Sachs, FLOODGATE da GSV Capital, kuma an kafa shi ne a Santa Clara, [[California]].
Da farko kamfanin ya sanar, a cikin watan Yuni Shekara ta 2010, layin kwamfutocin kwamfutar hannu.[5] Manufarta ita ce bayar da "littafin karatu na dijital / dandamali na ɗalibai" wanda ke nufin kasuwar [[ilimi]].[4] Tablet ɗin littafin yana samuwa ko dai tare da allon taɓawa guda ɗaya 14.1" ko tare da allon taɓawa guda biyu 14.1.[6] Tsarin aiki ya dogara ne akan Linux da Webkit.
----A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya ba da lasisi ga ƙirar kayan aikinsa ga Intel kuma a maimakon haka zai mai da hankali kan haɓaka software.<ref name="bw">{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2011 |title=Intel Capital, Advance Publications, Andreessen Horowitz, First Round Capital, FLOODGATE and SV Angels Invest $30 Million in Kno |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110408005601/en/Intel-Capital-Advance-Publications-Andreessen-Horowitz-Capital |access-date=2011-04-08 |website=Press release}}</ref> Watanni biyu bayan haka, kamfanin ya fitar da aikace-aikacen iPad, sannan kuma sassan Galaxy Note 10.1, Android Jelly Bean, Windows 7 & 8, da dandamali da na'urorin yanar gizo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2011 |title=Kno Unveils Beta Textbook App for iPad with World's Largest eTextbook Catalog |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110606005790/en/Kno-Unveils-Beta-Textbook-App-iPad-World%E2%80%99s |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2012 |title=Kno Education App and Samsung GALAXY Note 10.1 Bring Interactive Textbook Experience to Android |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120815005341/en/Kno-Education-App-Samsung-GALAXY-Note-10.1 |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel® Education Study App - Android Apps on Google Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kno.textbooks |website=play.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Buy Kno Textbooks - Microsoft Store |url=http://apps.microsoft.com/windows/en-US/app/kno-textbooks/c9ca3bf7-7379-4448-aeae-91a8e8d0c075 |website=Microsoft Store}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-08-09 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429032216/http://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |url-status=dead }}</ref>
A watan Agustan 2012, kamfanin ya fadada kundin sunayen sarauta daga littattafan kwaleji don haɗawa da kasuwar K-12.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 7, 2012 |title=Kno Launches K-12 Digital Textbooks, Empowering Parents to Go Digital at Home |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120807005373/en |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref>
Kamfanin Intel ne ya mallaki kamfanin a shekara mai zuwa.
<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2013 |title=Intel Education Welcomes Kno to the Family - CSR@Intel |url=http://blogs.intel.com/csr/2013/11/intel-education-welcomes-kno-to-the-family/ |website=blogs.intel.com}}</ref>
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
p5uhxa50lkuc5j87g48do8jspmdl9i0
Burgazada
0
84060
559227
527345
2024-12-18T13:16:49Z
Isah muhammad
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''''Burgaz''' ko '''Burgaz Adası''' (Burgaz don takaice), Tsibiri ne na ukku mafi girma daga cikin [[Tsibirin Princes]] a cikin [[Tekun Marmara]], kusa da birnin [[Istanbul]], a kasar [[Turkiyya]]. A hukumance unguwa ce a cikin garin [[Adalar]], [[Istanbul|Lardin Istanbul]], [[Turkiyya]] . <ref>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Mahalle], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.</ref> yanada Yawan jama'arda ya kai 1,655 (2022). {{Stub}}
==Manazarta==
o0uzrepl7ux166qibaiezi7vkharnvh
Cryptocurrency
0
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2024-12-18T15:25:36Z
WikiBayer
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Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/45.80.28.188|45.80.28.188]] ([[User talk:45.80.28.188|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Hafeez gaiwa|Hafeez gaiwa]]
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'cryptocurrency' Wani Kudin cigaba (dijital) ne wanda aka tsara don aiki a matsayin matsakaici na musayar ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa ta kwamfuta da na'urar hanu (waya) wacce ba ta dogara da kowane iko na tsakiya, kamar [[gwamnati]] ko [[banki]], don tabbatarwa ko kiyaye shi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Milutinović |first=Monia |date=2018 |title=Cryptocurrency |url=http://scindeks.ceon.rs/Article.aspx?artid=0350-137X1801105M |url-status=live |journal=Ekonomika |language=en |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=105–122 |doi=10.5937/ekonomika1801105M |issn=0350-137X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416074304/http://scindeks.ceon.rs/Article.aspx?artid=0350-137X1801105M |archive-date=16 April 2022 |access-date=18 April 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ya kasance, daga ra'ayi na kudi, ya girma ya zama aji na kansa. Koyaya, sabanin sauran nau'ikan kadarori kamar kadarori ko kayayyaki, ba a bayyana bangarori a hukumance ba har yanzu, kodayake akwai nau'ikan su.<ref name="pm-research.com">{{Cite journal |last=Mahdavi-Damghani |first=Babak |last2=Fraser |first2=Robert |last3=Howell |first3=James |last4=Halldorsson |first4=Jon Sveinbjorn |date=Winter 2022 |title=Cryptocurrency Sectorization through Clustering and Web-Scraping: Application to Systematic Trading |journal=The Journal of Financial Data Science |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=158–179 |doi=10.3905/jfds.2021.1.080}}</ref>
==Manazarta==
9zt6rpncypfsbrvn8wvmrqqmipvanfd
Tattaunawar user:Mayur-WMF
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84928
559223
525811
2024-12-18T12:31:56Z
JSutherland (WMF)
5750
JSutherland (WMF) moved page [[Tattaunawar user:MPaul (WMF)]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Mayur-WMF]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/MPaul (WMF)|MPaul (WMF)]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Mayur-WMF|Mayur-WMF]]"
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MPaul (WMF)! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MPaul (WMF)|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 18 Satumba 2024 (UTC)
tva0ey4bc2ssatni5aaobssa4di8skg
Peter Lundgren
0
87984
559222
544675
2024-12-18T11:59:53Z
BnHamid
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559222
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'''Hans Peter Lundgren''' (29 Janairu 1965 - 22 Agusta 2024) ƙwararren ɗan wasan tennis ne kuma kocin tennis. Ya fi son yin wasa a cikin gida, kotu da kan ciyawa maimakon yumbu.<ref>https://www.expressen.se/sport/tennis/aldrig-hemma-och-kande-mig-som-en-oduglig-pappa/</ref> {{Stub}}
==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Haifaffun 1965]]
[[Category:Mutuwan 2024]]
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P. J. Brown
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89276
559280
559052
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'''Collier''' " '''PJ''' " '''Brown Jr.''' (an Haife shi Oktoba 14, 1969) tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|kwando]] ƙwararren ɗan Amurka ne wanda ya taka leda a Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Na 6 ft 11 cikin (2.11 m), {{Convert|239|lb|kg}} cibiyar / ikon gaba an zaɓi shi daga Jami'ar Louisiana Tech ta New Jersey Nets tare da zaɓi na 29 a gaba ɗaya a cikin daftarin NBA na 1992, amma ya fara aikinsa na NBA kawai a cikin lokacin 1993-94 . An zabe shi a cikin NBA All-Defensive Team na biyu sau uku, a cikin 1997, 1999 da 2001, <ref>{{Cite web |title=NBA postseason awards – All-Defensive Teams |url=http://www.nba.com/history/awards_defensiveteams.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106062034/http://www.nba.com/history/awards_defensiveteams.html |archive-date=6 January 2019 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> kuma ya lashe kyautar NBA Sportsmanship Award a 2004 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 24, 2004 |title=Hornets' Brown wins sportsmanship honor |url=https://www.deseret.com/2004/4/25/19825245/hornets-brown-wins-sportsmanship-honor |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=Deseret News}}</ref> Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Winnfield a Winnfield, Louisiana, inda ya taka leda a Winnfield Tigers, kuma ya taka leda sosai don Nets, Miami Heat, Charlotte Hornets, New Orleans Hornets, Chicago Bulls da Boston Celtics . Brown ya yi ritaya daga NBA bayan ya lashe gasar NBA tare da Celtics a 2008.
== Kwalejin ==
Brown ya buga shekaru hudu a Louisiana Tech kuma ya sami maki 10.1 da sake dawowa 8.4 a kowane wasa a gasa 121. Ya bar Louisiana Tech a matsayin shugaban Bulldogs na biyu na kowane lokaci a cikin shinge tare da 241, kuma na biyar a cikin sake dawowa tare da 1,017.
== Aikin NBA ==
=== New Jersey Nets (1993-1996) ===
An zaɓi Brown daga Jami'ar Louisiana Tech tare da zaɓi na 29th gabaɗaya a zagaye na biyu na daftarin 1992 NBA ta New Jersey Nets . Koyaya, ya zaɓi yin wasa a lokacin 1992 – 93 HEBA A1 a cikin shekararsa ta farko da ya fita daga kwaleji kuma ya sami matsakaicin maki 17.0, 13.3 rebounds da 3.2 tubalan kowane wasa don Panionios BC
A cikin lokutansa uku na farko a cikin NBA, daga 1993 zuwa 1996, ya buga wasanni na yau da kullun na 240 don Nets kuma ya haɓaka farawa daga wasanni 54 a kakar 1994 zuwa 63 a cikin lokacin 1995 kafin ya fara a cikin duk wasannin 81 da ya bayyana. a yakin 1996. Nets sun yi wasan karshe a cikin 1994, kuma Brown ya bayyana a wasannin zagaye na farko na farko yayin da New York Knicks ta kawar da New Jersey. Wannan kakar kuma ya nuna Brown yana shiga cikin 1994 Rookie Challenge yayin NBA All-Star Weekend .
Baya ga kara lokacin wasansa Brown ya kuma kara matsakaita yawan zira kwallaye a kowace shekara, kuma a kakar wasa ta 1996 zai yi matsakaicin matsayi a lokacin da maki 11.3 da maki 6.9 a wasa. Nets duk da haka bai kai matakin bayan kakar wasa ba a cikin shekara ta biyu da ta uku tare da kungiyar. A cikin 1996 kashe-kakar zai sanya hannu a matsayin wakili na kyauta tare da Miami Heat . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 18, 1996 |title=Even a P.J. Brown Can Strike It Rich |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-07-19-sp-25905-story.html |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>
=== Miami Heat (1996-2000) ===
Miami ya yi wasan karshe a shekarar da ta gabata karkashin jagorancin dukkanin tauraron dan adam Alonzo Mourning, mai gadi Tim Hardaway da babban kocin Pat Riley, wanda ya yanke shawarar fara Brown don wasanni 71 a cikin kakar 1996-97 . Brown ya karu yawan harbinsa da sake dawowa, ya karbi lambar yabo ta J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award kuma an ba shi suna ga NBA All-Defensive Team na Biyu yayin da Heat ya lashe kyautar kyauta mafi kyawun wasanni na 61 da taken Atlantic Division. Kariyar Brown da sake dawowa sun taimaka wa Heat ta ci gaba a cikin wasanni, yayin da suka ci Orlando Magic a zagaye na farko a cikin wasanni 5 da New York Knicks a cikin jerin wasanni 7 masu ban tsoro. Ya zo da girma a cikin wasanni masu mahimmanci na wasanni, inda ya zira kwallaye 12 tare da 14 rebounds a cikin yanke shawara game da Orlando da maki 18 tare da 12 rebounds a wasan 5 nasara a gida da Knicks. A cikin wannan wasan, Brown yana ƙoƙarin kafa matsayi na sake dawowa tare da mai gadin Knicks Charlie Ward kafin ya ɗagawa da jujjuya shi a kan jerin masu daukar hoto tare da tushe, wanda ya haifar da rikici tsakanin ƙungiyoyi. Wannan zai haifar da dakatar da Brown a wasanni biyu na karshe na jerin, tare da 'yan wasa daga benci na New York da suka shiga tsakani. Duk da cin nasara a New York, ƙungiyar ba za ta iya cin nasara ga mai tsaron gida Chicago Bulls, wanda ya ci Miami a cikin wasanni na 5 a farkon tafiya na franchise zuwa Gabas Taro na Gabas. Brown ya sami matsakaicin maki 9.2 da 8.8 rebounds a wasan.
Farawa a cikin duk wasannin 74 da ya bayyana a cikinsu, Brown ya buga kusan samarwa iri ɗaya a cikin lokacin 1997 – 98 yayin da Heat ya sake shiga cikin wasannin neman nasara amma ya ɗan gajarta a cikin rashin nasarar zagayen farko na wasa biyar da New York .
A cikin kulle-kulle da aka rage lokacin 1998 – 99, an sanya sunan Brown zuwa Kungiyar NBA All-Defensive Team a karo na biyu a cikin aikinsa kuma ya sami matsakaicin matsayi na maki 11.4 a wasa. The Heat ya sake lashe gasar Atlantika amma kuma an sake cin nasara a cikin jerin zagayen farko na ban mamaki a wasanni 5 zuwa Knicks na takwas. Matsayin Brown ya ci gaba a cikin lokacin 1999–2000, kuma Heat zai yi nasara a zagayen farko da Detroit Pistons kafin fuskantar Knicks na shekara ta huɗu madaidaiciya. Har ila yau, Heat zai faɗo ga abokan hamayyar su na New York a cikin wani jerin wasanni 7 mai tsawo da wahala.
=== Charlotte / New Orleans Hornets (2000-2006) ===
A ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2000, Brown, tare da Jamal Mashburn, Otis Thorpe, Tim James da Rodney Buford, an yi ciniki da shi zuwa Charlotte Hornets a musayar Eddie Jones, Anthony Mason, Dale Ellis da Ricky Davis . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2, 2000 |title=PRO BASKETBALL: NOTEBOOK; N.B.A. Grants Approval For Heat-Hornets Trade |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/02/sports/pro-basketball-notebook-nba-grants-approval-for-heat-hornets-trade.html |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2, 2000 |title=Jones goes to Heat, Mashburn to Hornets |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/news/2000/0730/660024.html |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A cikin 2000–01, lokacin sa na farko tare da Hornets, Brown an zaɓi shi zuwa ƙungiyar NBA All-Defensive Na biyu ta uku. A cikin 2001–02, an zabe shi a matsayin Babban Mai karɓar Kyautar Wasannin Wasannin NBA . Hornets sun koma New Orleans kafin lokacin 2002-03, inda Brown ya sami mafi kyawun lokutan zira kwallaye, matsakaicin maki 10.6 a kowane wasa a cikin wasanni na yau da kullun na 240 daga 2002 zuwa 2005 .
A lokacin kakar 2002 – 03, ya sami lambar yabo ta NBA Community Assist Award na watan Satumba kuma an sake zaɓe shi a matsayin Babban Mai karɓar Kyautar Wasannin Wasannin NBA, a karo na biyu a jere. A cikin 2003 – 04, har yanzu an sake zaɓe shi a matsayin mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Tsakiya ta NBA Sportsmanship Award, na karo na uku a jere, wannan lokacin yana ɗaukar lambar yabo ta 2004 NBA Sportsmanship Award.
Kafin lokacin 2006 – 07, Brown ya taka leda a cikin wasanni na yau da kullun na 999, gami da farawa 941. A lokacin, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 26 a tarihin NBA don samun maki 8,000, sake dawowa 7,000, taimakon 1,000 da tubalan 1,000.
=== Chicago Bulls (2006-2007) ===
A ranar 13 ga Yuli, 2006, New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets sun yi cinikin Brown tare da JR Smith zuwa Chicago Bulls don musanya da Tyson Chandler . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 14, 2006 |title=Bulls acquire F-C Brown, G Smith from Hornets for C Chandler |url=http://www.espn.com/espn/wire?section=nba&id=2519822 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Ya taka rawar gani sosai a matsayinsa na tsohon soja tare da matasan kungiyar, inda ya fara yawancin wasanninsa, duk da cewa ya zira kwallaye kadan, kuma yana samun matsakaicin matsakaicin karancin mintuna 20.2 a kowane wasa.
==== Tunanin ritaya ====
Bayan kakar 2006-07, Brown bai sake shiga tare da Bulls ba kuma ya ki amincewa da tayin daga kungiyoyi da yawa da ke sha'awar ayyukansa, yana mai yiwuwa an yi shi tare da aikinsa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2021}}</link>Ya shiga aikin ritaya na rabin lokaci <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">] ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">da</span></nowiki>'' [</sup> tunanin yiwuwar dawowa, yana dawwama sosai cikin kakar 2007–08 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGraw |first=Mike |date=October 18, 2007 |title=Some rest for the weary |url=https://prev.dailyherald.com/story/?id=60177 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021135049/http://www.dailyherald.com/story/?id=60177 |archive-date=October 21, 2007 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=prev.dailyherald.com}}</ref> <ref name="brownceltics">{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Mark |date=February 26, 2008 |title=Celtics ink Brown |url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2008/02/27/celtics-ink-brown/ |archive-url=http://bostonherald.com/sports/basketball/celtics/view.bg?articleid=1076364&srvc=celt&position=2 |archive-date=March 28, 2008 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=Boston Herald}}</ref>
=== Boston Celtics (2008) ===
A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 2008, bayan ya huta don yawancin lokacin 2007 – 08 da kuma auna zaɓuɓɓukansa, Brown ya rattaba hannu tare da Boston Celtics na sauran kakar, don ƙarfafa kotun ta gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2008 |title=Celtics Sign P.J. Brown |url=https://www.nba.com/celtics/news/press022708-pj-brown.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228182016/https://www.nba.com/celtics/news/press022708-pj-brown.html |archive-date=February 28, 2008 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=Boston Celtics}}</ref> <ref name="brownceltics">{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Mark |date=February 26, 2008 |title=Celtics ink Brown |url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2008/02/27/celtics-ink-brown/ |archive-url=http://bostonherald.com/sports/basketball/celtics/view.bg?articleid=1076364&srvc=celt&position=2 |archive-date=March 28, 2008 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=Boston Herald}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMurphy2008">Murphy, Mark (26 February 2008). [http://bostonherald.com/sports/basketball/celtics/view.bg?articleid=1076364&srvc=celt&position=2 "Celtics ink Brown"]. ''Boston Herald''. Archived from [https://www.bostonherald.com/2008/02/27/celtics-ink-brown/ the original] on 28 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ya yanke shawarar zuwa Boston ya taimaka sosai ta hanyar tattaunawa tare da abokan wasan gaba Ray Allen da Paul Pierce, waɗanda suka shawo kan shi ya shiga tare da Celtics a lokacin 2008 NBA All-Star Weekend . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spears |first=Marc J. |date=February 28, 2008 |title=Brown in town to lend depth |url=http://www.boston.com/sports/basketball/celtics/articles/2008/02/28/brown_in_town_to_lend_depth/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604005303/http://www.boston.com/sports/basketball/celtics/articles/2008/02/28/brown_in_town_to_lend_depth/ |archive-date=4 June 2011 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=Boston.com}}</ref> San Antonio Spurs da New Orleans Hornets sun yi sha'awar ayyukansa, amma ya zaɓi Celtics maimakon. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spears |first=Marc J. |date=March 22, 2008 |title=Full-court press by Celtics convinced Brown |url=http://archive.boston.com/sports/basketball/celtics/articles/2008/03/22/full_court_press_by_celtics_convinced_brown/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825172633/http://archive.boston.com/sports/basketball/celtics/articles/2008/03/22/full_court_press_by_celtics_convinced_brown/ |archive-date=August 25, 2016 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=Boston.com}}</ref> Ya fara wasansa na farko da Chicago Bulls, tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa, a ranar 7 ga Maris, 2008.
Brown yana da wasan da ba zato ba tsammani wanda ya faru a Wasan 7 na Gabas ta Tsakiya Semifinals a kan Cleveland Cavaliers a ranar Mayu 18, 2008, lokacin da ya zira kwallaye 10 kuma ya ja ragamar 6, yana bugun dukkan harbe-harbensa guda hudu da ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci a cikin kwata na hudu. Ya buga mabudin harbin da ya rage saura minti biyu a wasan yayin da Celtics suka ci gaba da yin nasara a wasan da ci 97–92. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gasper |first=Christopher L. |date=May 18, 2008 |title=Brown big down the stretch |url=http://www.boston.com/sports/basketball/celtics/articles/2008/05/19/brown_big_down_the_stretch/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520063947/http://www.boston.com/sports/basketball/celtics/articles/2008/05/19/brown_big_down_the_stretch/ |archive-date=20 May 2008 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=Boston.com}}</ref> Bayan wasan, ya gaya wa manema labarai: "Wannan harbi, hey, watakila zan ce mafi girma harbi na aiki na". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bulpett |first=Steve |date=May 18, 2008 |title=P.J. Brown provides blast from past in 4th |url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2008/05/19/pj-brown-provides-blast-from-past-in-4th/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213339/https://www.bostonherald.com/2008/05/19/pj-brown-provides-blast-from-past-in-4th/ |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=Boston Herald}}</ref> Ya kuma yi rawar gani sosai a Wasan 1 na 2008 NBA Finals a kan Los Angeles Lakers a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 2008, yana yin ƙarin mintuna a wasan ƙarshe na farko na aikinsa na shekaru 15 a kan hanyar zuwa nasarar Celtics. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2008 |title=Backup P.J. Brown comes up big |url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2008/06/06/backup-pj-brown-comes-up-big/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213839/https://www.bostonherald.com/2008/06/06/backup-pj-brown-comes-up-big/ |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=Boston Herald}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya a karshen wannan kakar tare da gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spears |first=Marc J. |date=January 1, 2009 |title=P.J. Brown retired? |url=https://www.boston.com/sports/celtics-blog/2009/01/01/pj_brown_offici |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021103024/https://www.boston.com/sports/celtics-blog/2009/01/01/pj_brown_offici |archive-date=October 21, 2019 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=boston.com}}</ref>
== Kididdigar aikin NBA ==
{{NBA player statistics legend|champion=y|leader=y}}
=== Lokaci na yau da kullun ===
{{NBA player statistics start}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1993}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1993–94 New Jersey Nets season|New Jersey]]
| 79 || 54 || 24.7 || .415 || .167 || .757 || 6.2 || 1.2 || .9 || 1.2 || 5.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1994}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1994–95 New Jersey Nets season|New Jersey]]
| 80 || 63 || 30.8 || .446 || .167 || .671 || 6.1 || 1.7 || .9 || '''1.7''' || 8.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1995}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1995–96 New Jersey Nets season|New Jersey]]
| 81 || '''81''' || '''36.3''' || .444 || '''.200''' || .770 || 6.9 || 2.0 || 1.0 || 1.2 || 11.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1996}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1996–97 Miami Heat season|Miami]]
| 80 || 71 || 32.4 || .457 || .000 || .732 || 8.4 || 1.2 || '''1.1''' || 1.2 || 9.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1997}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1997–98 Miami Heat season|Miami]]
| 74 || 74 || 31.9 || .471 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .766 || 8.6 || 1.4 || .9 || 1.3 || 9.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1998}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1998–99 Miami Heat season|Miami]]
| style="background:#cfecec;"| 50* || style="background:#cfecec;"| 50* || 32.2 || .480 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .774 || 6.9 || 1.3 || .9 || 1.0 || '''11.4'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1999}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1999–2000 Miami Heat season|Miami]]
| 80 || 80 || 28.8 || .480 || .000 || .755 || 7.5 || 1.8 || .8 || .8 || 9.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|2000|trunc=y}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2000–01 Charlotte Hornets season|Charlotte]]
| 80 || 79 || 35.1 || .444 || .000 || .852 || 9.3 || 1.6 || 1.0 || 1.2 || 8.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|2001}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2001–02 Charlotte Hornets season|Charlotte]]
| 80 || 80 || 32.0 || .474 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .858 || '''9.8''' || 1.3 || .7 || 1.0 || 8.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|2002}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2002–03 New Orleans Hornets season|New Orleans]]
| 78 || 78 || 33.4 || '''.531''' || .000 || .836 || 9.0 || 1.9 || .9 || 1.0 || 10.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|2003}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2003–04 New Orleans Hornets season|New Orleans]]
| 80 || 80 || 34.4 || .476 || .000 || .854 || 8.6 || 1.9 || 1.0 || .9 || 10.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|2004}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2004–05 New Orleans Hornets season|New Orleans]]
| '''82''' || 78 || 34.4 || .446 || {{Sort|-|—}} || '''.864''' || 9.0 || '''2.2''' || .9 || .6 || 10.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|2005}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2005–06 New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets season|New Orleans/OKC]]
| 75 || 73 || 31.7 || .461 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .827 || 7.3 || 1.2 || .6 || .7 || 9.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|2006}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2006–07 Chicago Bulls season|Chicago]]
| 72 || 49 || 20.2 || .407 || .000 || .787 || 4.8 || .7 || .3 || .7 || 6.1
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;"|{{nbay|2007}}{{Dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2007–08 Boston Celtics season|Boston]]
| 18 || 0 || 11.6 || .341 || .000 || .688 || 3.8 || .6 || .3 || .4 || 2.2
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 1,089 || 990 || 31.1 || .460 || .136 || .794 || 7.7 || 1.5 || .8 || 1.0 || 9.1
{{S-end}}
=== Wasan wasa ===
{{NBA player statistics start}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1994 NBA playoffs|1994]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1993–94 New Jersey Nets season|New Jersey]]
| 4 || 1 || 14.0 || .222 || {{Sort|-|—}} || '''1.000''' || 2.0 || .8 || .0 || .5 || 3.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1997 NBA playoffs|1997]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1996–97 Miami Heat season|Miami]]
| 15 || '''15''' || 30.1 || .408 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .717 || 8.6 || .7 || .6 || 1.3 || 8.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1998 NBA playoffs|1998]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1997–98 Miami Heat season|Miami]]
| 5 || 5 || 38.0 || '''.514''' || {{Sort|-|—}} || .364 || 8.8 || .8 || '''1.4''' || .6 || 9.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1999 NBA playoffs|1999]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1998–99 Miami Heat season|Miami]]
| 5 || 5 || 28.8 || .467 || .000 || .900 || 6.2 || 1.0 || .4 || .4 || '''10.2'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2000 NBA playoffs|2000]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1999–2000 Miami Heat season|Miami]]
| 10 || 10 || 30.8 || .427 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .833 || 8.2 || 1.1 || .8 || .4 || 7.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2001 NBA playoffs|2001]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2000–01 Charlotte Hornets season|Charlotte]]
| 10 || 10 || '''38.5''' || .418 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .828 || '''10.0''' || 1.1 || 1.2 || 1.4 || 8.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2002 NBA playoffs|2002]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2001–02 Charlotte Hornets season|Charlotte]]
| 9 || 9 || 36.8 || .427 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .757 || 9.6 || 1.6 || .7 || 1.3 || '''10.2'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2003 NBA playoffs|2003]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2002–03 New Orleans Hornets season|New Orleans]]
| 6 || 6 || 32.2 || .477 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .760 || 7.7 || 1.0 || 1.2 || .5 || '''10.2'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2004 NBA playoffs|2004]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2003–04 New Orleans Hornets season|New Orleans]]
| 7 || 7 || 36.6 || .366 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .909 || 9.7 || '''2.1''' || .4 || '''1.6''' || 8.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2007 NBA playoffs|2007]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2006–07 Chicago Bulls season|Chicago]]
| 10 || 10 || 22.8 || .493 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .739 || 4.7 || 1.2 || .8 || .2 || 8.3
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;"|[[2008 NBA playoffs|2008]]{{Dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2007–08 Boston Celtics season|Boston]]
| '''25''' || 0 || 13.6 || .464 || .000 || .840 || 2.4 || .5 || .2 || .4 || 2.9
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 106 || 78 || 27.2 || .434 || .000 || .751 || 6.6 || 1.0 || .6 || .8 || 7.1
{{S-end}}
== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Brown da matarsa suna da yara huɗu. 'Yarsa, Kalani Brown, ƙwararriyar ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ce tare da Dallas Wings . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hurd |first=Sean |date=January 16, 2019 |title=Baylor's Kalani Brown: 'The last thing I need to accomplish before I leave Baylor is a Final Four.' |url=https://andscape.com/features/baylors-kalani-brown-credits-mom-not-nba-dad-for-her-game/ |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=[[Andscape]]}}</ref> Lakabin Brown "PJ" ita ce kakarsa ta ba shi tun yana yaro, saboda kusancinsa ga man gyada da jelly sandwiches. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davenport |first=Hayes |date=February 7, 2012 |title=The 5 Weirdest Nicknames in Celtics History |url=http://www.celticshub.com/2012/02/07/the-5-weirdest-nicknames-in-celtics-history/ |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=CelticsHub}}</ref> An shigar da shi cikin Cibiyar Wasannin Wasanni ta Jami'ar Louisiana Tech a cikin 1998, Gidan Wasan Kwando na Louisiana a cikin 2001, da Gidan Wasan Wasanni na Louisiana a cikin 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=O. K. |last2=Allen Teddy |date=June 13, 2016 |title=Brown to Be Enshrined Into Louisiana Sports HOF |url=https://latechsports.com/news/2016/6/13/Brown_to_Be_Enshrined_Into_Louisiana_Sports_HOF |access-date=April 23, 2021 |website=LA Tech Athletics}}</ref>
== Duba kuma ==
* Zafi-Knicks kishiya
== Bayanan kula ==
{{Notelist}}
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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Treveon Graham
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'''Treveon Graham''' (an haife shi Oktoba 28, 1993) ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon]] kwando ƙwararren ɗan Amurka ne don Taoyuan Pauian Pilots na P. League+ . Ya buga wasan kwando na kwaleji don VCU Rams .
== Aikin makarantar sakandare ==
Graham ya buga wasan kwallon kwando na makarantar sakandare a St. Mary's Ryken High School a Leonardtown, Maryland don Babban Koci Dave Tallman, inda a matsayinsa na babba aka nada shi cikin kungiyar ''Washington Post'' All-Met na yankin [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] bayan da ya samu maki 21.5 da sake dawowa 12 a kowanne. wasa. Graham ya zaɓi ya buga wa kocin Shaka Smart a VCU bayan kuma ya yi la'akari da Kwalejin Boston, Clemson, Cincinnati, Cleveland State da Arewa maso Gabas . <ref name="VCUBIO">{{Cite web |title=Treveon Graham VCU athletic bio |url=http://www.vcuathletics.com/sports/mbkb/2013-14/bios/graham_treveon_9tnq |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028045818/http://www.vcuathletics.com/sports/mbkb/2013-14/bios/graham_treveon_9tnq |archive-date=October 28, 2013 |access-date=November 14, 2013 |website=[[VCU Rams]]}}</ref>
== Aikin koleji ==
A matsayinsa na sabon dalibi a Jami'ar Commonwealth ta Virginia, Graham ya zama wani yanki na jujjuyawar Rams na yau da kullun da matsakaicin maki 7.0 da sake dawowa 3.2 a kowane wasa . Kafin fara kakar wasansa ta biyu, Sports Illustrated ta zaɓe shi a matsayin wanda aka fi sani da "breakout sophomore" a cikin al'ummar kasar, bisa la'akari da kididdiga na ayyukansa a cikin 'yan mintuna kaɗan a matsayin sabon shiga. Ayyukan Graham ya inganta sosai a kakar wasa ta biyu, yana haɓaka matsakaitansa zuwa maki 15.1 da sake dawowa 5.8 a matsayin mai farawa na cikakken lokaci. <ref name="VCUBIO">{{Cite web |title=Treveon Graham VCU athletic bio |url=http://www.vcuathletics.com/sports/mbkb/2013-14/bios/graham_treveon_9tnq |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028045818/http://www.vcuathletics.com/sports/mbkb/2013-14/bios/graham_treveon_9tnq |archive-date=October 28, 2013 |access-date=November 14, 2013 |website=[[VCU Rams]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131028045818/http://www.vcuathletics.com/sports/mbkb/2013-14/bios/graham_treveon_9tnq "Treveon Graham VCU athletic bio"]. ''[[VCU Rams]]''. Archived from [http://www.vcuathletics.com/sports/mbkb/2013-14/bios/graham_treveon_9tnq the original] on October 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Ayyukansa sun yi kyau sosai don samun lambar yabo ta ƙungiyar All -Atlantic 10 ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2013 |title=Wyatt, Crews, Weber, Christon Claim Top Men's Basketball Honors |url=http://www.atlantic10.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=799991&SPID=136228&DB_LANG=C&DB_OEM_ID=31600&ATCLID=208923429 |access-date=November 14, 2013 |website=[[Atlantic 10 Conference]]}}</ref>
[[Fayil:Treveon_Graham_free_throw.jpg|thumb| Graham tare da VCU Rams a cikin 2013]]
Bayan kakar wasansa na biyu, an zaɓi Graham don shiga gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Amurka zuwa Jami'ar bazara ta 2013 a Kazan, Rasha. Ya fara wasanni 5 don Team USA, yana da maki 9.4 da maki 6.8 a kowane wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Twenty-Seventh World University Games -- 2013 |url=http://www.usab.com/history/world-university-games-mens/twenty-seventh-world-university-games-2013.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629001611/http://www.usab.com/history/world-university-games-mens/twenty-seventh-world-university-games-2013.aspx |archive-date=June 29, 2015 |access-date=November 14, 2013 |website=[[USA Basketball]]}}</ref>
Kafin lokacin 2013 – 14, Graham an nada sunan ƙungiyar farko preseason All-Atlantic 10 kamar yadda aka sanya VCU a matsayin preseason wanda aka fi so don cin gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2013 |title=VCU Picked to Win A-10 Men's Basketball; 21 Players Earn Preseason Honors |url=http://www.atlantic10.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=799991&SPID=136228&DB_LANG=C&DB_OEM_ID=31600&ATCLID=209278456 |access-date=November 14, 2013 |website=[[Atlantic 10 Conference]]}}</ref> VCU ta shiga kakar wasa ta 14 a cikin preseason AP Poll . Rams sun ci nasara a farkon lokacin nasara, suna doke 25th a matsayin Virginia a ranar Nuwamba 12 a Charlottesville, Virginia . Graham ya jagoranci dukkan masu cin kwallaye da maki 22, ciki har da wanda ya ci nasara a maki uku da ya rage na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Raphielle |date=November 12, 2013 |title=Treveon Graham's three-pointer the difference as VCU beats Virginia (VIDEO) |url=http://collegebasketballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/11/12/treveon-grahams-three-pointer-the-difference-as-vcu-beats-virginia-video/ |access-date=November 14, 2013 |website=[[NBCSports.com]]}}</ref>
A matsayinsa na babba a cikin 2014–15, Graham ya sami maki 16.2 da sake dawowa 7.1 a cikin wasanni 33. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Treveon Graham Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/players/treveon-graham-1.html |access-date=August 17, 2015 |website=Sports-reference.com}}</ref> Duk da raunin da ya faru a idon ƙafar ƙafa don manyan sassan kakar wasa, Graham ya taimaka wa VCU ta hanyoyi da yawa. Ya jagoranci VCU a zura kwallaye, sake dawowa, da maki uku da aka yi. Ya kuma kasance babban dan wasan da suka zira kwallaye a gasar A-10 inda VCU ta lashe gasarsu ta farko a cikin Tekun Atlantika 10 duk da cancantar zama iri na biyar.
A lokacin aikin koleji na Graham ya sami maki 13.4, sake dawowa 5.8 da 1.4 yana taimakawa a cikin mintuna 25.4 a kowane wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Treveon Graham Stats {{!}} Basketball-Reference.com |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/g/grahatr01.html#all_all_college_stats |access-date=December 3, 2018 |website=Basketball-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref>
== Sana'ar sana'a ==
=== Idaho Stampede (2015-2016) ===
Bayan ba a cire shi ba a cikin daftarin NBA na 2015, Graham ya shiga San Antonio Spurs don gasar bazara ta NBA ta 2015 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 3, 2015 |title=Spurs Announce 2015 Summer League Rosters for Utah & Las Vegas |url=http://www.nba.com/spurs/spurs-announce-2015-summer-league-rosters-utah-las-vegas |access-date=August 17, 2015 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> A kan Agusta 17, 2015, ya sanya hannu tare da Utah Jazz . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 17, 2015 |title=Jazz Sign Free Agent Treveon Graham |url=http://www.nba.com/jazz/news/jazz-sign-free-agent-treveon-graham |access-date=August 17, 2015 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> Koyaya, daga baya Jazz ya yi watsi da shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba bayan ya bayyana a wasannin preseason biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 20, 2015 |title=Jazz Waive Bryce Cotton and Treveon Graham |url=http://www.nba.com/jazz/news/jazz-waive-bryce-cotton-and-treveon-graham |access-date=October 20, 2015 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, Idaho Stampede na NBA Development League ta same shi a matsayin ɗan wasan haɗin gwiwa na Jazz. A cikin wasanni 46 don Stampede a cikin 2015 – 16, ya sami matsakaicin maki 15.7, sake dawowa 6.1 da taimakon 1.6 a kowane wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Treveon Graham D-League Stats |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/dleague/players/g/grahatr01d.html |access-date=November 7, 2016 |website=Basketball-Reference.com}}</ref>
=== Charlotte Hornets (2016-2018) ===
A cikin Yuli 2016, Graham ya shiga ƙungiyar farar fata ta Orlando Magic don gasar bazara ta Orlando <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 28, 2016 |title=Magic Announce 2016 Southwest Airlines Orlando Pro Summer League Roster |url=http://www.nba.com/magic/news/magic-announce-2016-southwest-airlines-orlando-pro-summer-league-roster/ |access-date=July 26, 2016 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> da Utah Jazz don Gasar bazara ta Las Vegas. A kan Yuli 26, 2016, ya sanya hannu tare da Charlotte Hornets . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2016 |title=Charlotte Hornets Sign Guard/Forward Treveon Graham |url=http://www.nba.com/hornets/press-releases/charlotte-hornets-sign-guard/forward-treveon-graham |access-date=July 26, 2016 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> A cikin wasansa na biyu na Hornets a ranar Nuwamba 7, 2016, Graham ya zira kwallaye na farko na NBA lokacin da ya rushe mai maki uku daga reshe na hagu yayin nasarar 122-100 akan Indiana Pacers . <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2016 |title=Hornets roll over Pacers 122-100 behind strong first half |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=400899545 |access-date=November 7, 2016 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2017, ya zira kwallaye-mafi girman maki 14 a cikin asarar 89–79 ga Milwaukee Bucks . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 10, 2017 |title=Bucks brush past Hornets for 89-79 win |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=400900585 |access-date=April 10, 2017 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2018, Hornets sun ba da sanarwar cewa za su ƙi tayin cancanta ga Graham, suna mai da shi wakili na kyauta.
=== Brooklyn Nets (2018-2019) ===
A kan Yuli 30, 2018, Graham ya sanya hannu tare da Brooklyn Nets . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 30, 2018 |title=Brooklyn Nets Sign Treveon Graham |url=https://www.nba.com/nets/news/2018/07/30/brooklyn-nets-sign-treveon-graham |access-date=August 28, 2018 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> A kakar wasa, Graham ya bayyana a wasanni 35, inda ya zira kwallaye 5.3 a kowane wasa. A kakar wasa ta bana, ya yi jinyar watanni biyu saboda rauni a kafarsa. Graham ya yi gyara tare da Long Island Nets kafin ya koma Brooklyn.
=== Minnesota Timberwolves (2019-2020) ===
A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2019, an aika Graham zuwa Jaruman Jihar Golden a matsayin wani ɓangare na kunshin kasuwanci na [[Kevin Durant]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 7, 2019 |title=Warriors Acquire All-Star Guard D'Angelo Russell From Brooklyn Nets |url=https://www.nba.com/warriors/news/warriors-acquire-russell-20190707 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> Kashegari, Graham da Shabazz Napier an yi ciniki da su zuwa Minnesota Timberwolves don musanya daftarin haƙƙin Lior Eliyahu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 8, 2019 |title=Minnesota Timberwolves Acquire Shabazz Napier and Treveon Graham |url=https://www.nba.com/timberwolves/news/minnesota-timberwolves-acquire-shabazz-napier-and-treveon-graham |website=NBA.com}}</ref>
=== Atlanta Hawks (2020) ===
A ranar 16 ga Janairu, 2020, an yi cinikin Graham, tare da Jeff Teague, zuwa Atlanta Hawks don musanya da [[Allen Crabbe]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2020 |title=Hawks Acquire Jeff Teague And Treveon Graham From Minnesota In Exchange For Allen Crabbe |url=https://www.nba.com/hawks/hawks-acquire-teague-graham-in-exchange-for-crabbe |access-date=January 16, 2020 |website=NBA.com}}</ref>
=== Long Island Nets (2022-2023) ===
A ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2022, Long Island Nets ya sami karbuwa ga Graham. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 25, 2022 |title=2021-22 NBA G League Transactions |url=https://gleague.nba.com/transactions/ |access-date=January 25, 2022 |website=gleague.nba.com}}</ref>
=== Montreal Alliance (2023) ===
A ranar Mayu 2, 2023, Graham ya rattaba hannu tare da Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Montreal ta Canadian Elite Basketball League . <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2023 |title=NBA Veteran Treveon Graham Signs With Alliance For 2023 Season |url=https://www.cebl.ca/nba-veteran-treveon-graham-signs-with-alliance-for-2023-season |access-date=May 5, 2023 |website=CEBL.ca}}</ref> Tare da Montreal, Graham ya sami maki 14.6 da sake dawowa 9.3 a kowane wasa. Ya gama na biyu a CEBL a sake komawa baya Simi Shittu na Calgary Surge . <ref>{{Cite web |title=CEBL League Leaders 2023 Season - CEBL Player Stats |url=https://www.cebl.ca/league-leaders-2023 |website=www.cebl.ca |language=en}}</ref>
=== Jirgin Ruwa na Motoci (2023-2024) ===
A ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 2023, Graham ya rattaba hannu tare da Detroit Pistons, <ref>{{Cite tweet|title=The @DetroitPistons announced today that the team has signed Treveon Graham, David Nwaba, Nate Roberts and Ryan Turell to {{as written|Ex|ibit [sic]}} 10 contracts.|user=Pistons_PR|date=October 21, 2023|access-date=October 30, 2023}}</ref> amma an yi watsi da shi a wannan rana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Luke |date=October 21, 2023 |title=Pistons Sign, Waive David Nwaba, Three Others |url=https://www.hoopsrumors.com/2023/10/pistons-sign-waive-david-nwaba-three-others.html |access-date=October 30, 2023 |website=HoopsRumors.com}}</ref> Kwanaki tara bayan haka, ya shiga cikin Jirgin Ruwa na Motoci . <ref>{{Cite tweet|title=The engine is revving, and we're ready to roll! Check out the Motor City Cruise training camp roster - we're ready to work! #HustleAndDrive|user=MotorCityCruise|date=October 30, 2023|access-date=November 8, 2023}}</ref> Koyaya, an yi watsi da shi a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2024. <ref>{{Cite tweet|title=Thank you for your contributions to the Motor City, @TreBall21! OFFICIAL - We have waived Treveon Graham from his contract.|user=MotorCityCruise|date=January 26, 2024|access-date=January 27, 2024}}</ref>
=== Matukin jirgi na Taoyuan Pauian (2024-yanzu) ===
A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2024, Graham ya rattaba hannu tare da Taoyuan Pauian Pilots na P. League+ . <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2024 |title=NBA資歷新洋將加入 領航猿目標季後賽 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/7002/7761093 |access-date=February 7, 2024 |website=UDN.com |language=Chinese}}</ref>
== Kididdigar sana'a ==
{{NBA player statistics legend}}
=== NBA ===
==== Lokaci na yau da kullun ====
{{NBA player statistics start}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|2016}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2016–17 Charlotte Hornets season|Charlotte]]
| 27 || 1 || 7.0 || '''.475''' || '''.600''' || .667 || .8 || .2 || .2 || .0 || 2.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|2017}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2017–18 Charlotte Hornets season|Charlotte]]
| '''63''' || 2 || 16.7 || .434 || .412 || .695 || 1.9 || .9 || '''.5''' || .0 || 4.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|2018}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2018–19 Brooklyn Nets season|Brooklyn]]
| 35 || '''21''' || '''20.4''' || .335 || .297 || '''.818''' || '''3.1''' || '''1.0''' || .4 || '''.2''' || '''5.3'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|2019}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2019–20 Minnesota Timberwolves season|Minnesota]]
| 33 || 20 || 20.1 || .354 || .241 || .730 || 3.0 || .9 || '''.5''' || .1 || 5.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|2019}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2019–20 Atlanta Hawks season|Atlanta]]
| 22 || 0 || 12.1 || .373 || .351 || .474 || 2.3 || .7 || .3 || '''.2''' || 3.3
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 180 || 44 || 16.0 || .383 || .333 || .691 || 2.2 || .8 || .4 || .1 || 4.2
{{S-end}}
==== Wasan wasa ====
{{NBA player statistics start}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2019 NBA playoffs|2019]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2018–19 Brooklyn Nets season|Brooklyn]]
| 5 || 0 || 15.8 || .200 || .000 || .500 || 2.2 || .6 || .4 || .2 || 1.4
{{S-end}}
=== Kwalejin ===
{{NBA player statistics start}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2011–12 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2011–12]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2011–12 VCU Rams men's basketball team|VCU]]
| '''36''' || 0 || 16.8 || .389 || .313 || .633 || 3.2 || .6 || .8 || '''.3''' || 7.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2012–13]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2012–13 VCU Rams men's basketball team|VCU]]
| '''36''' || '''36''' || 27.6 || '''.450''' || .366 || '''.732''' || 5.8 || 1.6 || '''.9''' || .1 || 15.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2013–14]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2013–14 VCU Rams men's basketball team|VCU]]
| 35 || 33 || 28.3 || .437 || .337 || .694 || 7.0 || '''2.0''' || '''.9''' || .2 || 15.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2014–15]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2014–15 VCU Rams men's basketball team|VCU]]
| 33 || 33 || '''29.4''' || .428 || '''.381''' || .691 || '''7.1''' || 1.6 || .6 || '''.3''' || '''16.2'''
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 140 || 102 || 25.4 || .432 || .354 || .691 || 5.8 || 1.4 || .8 || .2 || 13.4
{{S-end}}
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]]
[[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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Tyson Chandler
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'''Tyson Cleotis Chandler''' (an haife shi Oktoba 2, 1982) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tyson Chandler Stats |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/c/chandty01.html |access-date=2020-11-08 |website=Basketball-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon]] kwando ne kuma koci.
Chandler an tsara shi kai tsaye daga makarantar sakandare a matsayin zaɓi na biyu na gaba ɗaya na daftarin NBA na 2001 ta Los Angeles Clippers, sannan nan da nan aka sayar da shi ga Chicago Bulls . Ya kuma buga wa New Orleans Hornets, Charlotte Bobcats, Dallas Mavericks, New York Knicks, Phoenix Suns da Los Angeles Lakers . A matsayinsa na farawa don Dallas, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gasar NBA ta farko ta faransa a 2011 .
An ba wa Chandler suna ga NBA All-Defensive Team sau uku. Yayin da yake tare da New York, an zabe shi a matsayin Gwarzon Dan Wasan Tsaro na NBA a cikin 2012, lokacin da aka kuma sanya masa suna ga All-NBA Uku Team . Ya lashe lambobin zinare tare da tawagar kasar Amurka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010 da gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012 .
== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Tyson Cleotis Chandler a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 1982, a Hanford, California, ga Frank Chandler da Vernie Threadgill, kodayake bai sadu da mahaifinsa Frank ba sai daga baya a rayuwarsa. Ya girma a gonar iyali a Hanford, California, kudu da [[Fresno, California]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hispanosnba.com |title=Tyson Chandler NBA profile and data |url=https://en.hispanosnba.com/players/tyson-chandler |access-date=2020-11-08 |website=hispanosnba.com |language=en}}</ref> Chandler ya fara buga kwallon kwando yana dan shekara uku a kan kwandon kakan Chandler, Cleotis, wanda aka kafa akan bishiya. Chandler ya girma yana aikin gona kamar nonon shanu, aladu masu zube, da noman amfanin gona. Lokacin da yake da shekaru tara, Chandler da mahaifiyarsa sun koma San Bernardino, California ; ya riga ya kusan kafa shida tsayi. Lokacin yaro, Chandler ya kasance abin ba'a saboda tsayinsa; ‘ya’yan kungiyar kwallon kwando a makarantarsa sun yi ta zolaya cewa ya girme shi da gaske, kuma an bar shi sau da yawa a makaranta. <ref name="jockbio1">{{Cite web |date=October 2, 1982 |title=Tyson Chandler Biography |url=http://www.jockbio.com/Bios/T_Chandler/T_Chandler_bio.html |access-date=April 24, 2012 |publisher=JockBio}}</ref>
A matsayinsa na sabo, Chandler ya shiga makarantar sakandaren Dominguez a Compton, California, makarantar da aka sani da wasannin motsa jiki, <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=72, 75}}</ref> tana samar da 'yan wasan kwando kamar Dennis Johnson da Cedric Ceballos . A cikin sabuwar shekararsa, Chandler ya sanya kungiyar varsity kuma ya buga wasa tare da dan wasan NBA na gaba Tayshaun Prince, wanda a lokacin ya kasance babba. Tare da Dominguez Dons, Chandler ya zama abin sha'awa ga matasa; Ƙananan ribobi na gaba irin su DeMar DeRozan sun kalli wasan da ya yi da'awar "ya kasance kamar Shaq ". Ma'aikacin batu Brandon Jennings, wanda ya kasance dan kwallon don Dominguez a lokacin, ya ce, "Za ku ga 'yan mata a kusa da Tyson, [[Cadillac Escalade ESV|Escalade]] da ya tuka, kuma kuna so ku zama kamarsa". Chandler ya sami yabo daga ''Mujallar Parade'' da ''Amurka A Yau'' kuma an zaɓi shi zuwa Ƙungiyar Makarantar Sakandare ta McDonald's All-American Team . A matsayinsa na sabon dalibi, an ba da labarinsa akan shirin talabijin na yau da kullun ''na mintuna 60'' .
A cikin ƙaramar shekararsa, Chandler ya sami matsakaicin maki 20, sake dawowa 12, taimako 6 da tubalan 3. A cikin babban shekararsa, Chandler ya jagoranci Dominguez zuwa gasar zakarun jiha da rikodin 31 – 4, matsakaicin maki 26, sake dawowa 15, da 8 ya toshe wasa. <ref name="jockbio1">{{Cite web |date=October 2, 1982 |title=Tyson Chandler Biography |url=http://www.jockbio.com/Bios/T_Chandler/T_Chandler_bio.html |access-date=April 24, 2012 |publisher=JockBio}}</ref> Jami'o'i da yawa ne suka ɗauki Chandler kuma sun ɗauki UCLA, Arizona, Syracuse, Memphis, Kentucky da Michigan . Chandler sannan ya ayyana don daftarin NBA na 2001 a matsayin prep-to-pro .
== Sana'ar sana'a ==
=== Chicago Bulls (2001-2006) ===
An zaɓi Chandler ta Los Angeles Clippers tare da zaɓi na biyu gabaɗaya a cikin daftarin NBA na 2001, kafin nan da nan a siyar da shi zuwa Chicago Bulls don tsohon No. 1 gabaɗaya Elton Brand . Bulls sun sanya ƙoƙarin sake gina su a bayan matasa biyu a Chandler da Eddy Curry . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=K.C. |date=June 18, 2016 |title=Bulls rolled dice on Tyson Chandler and Eddy Curry 15 years ago |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/basketball/bulls/ct-bulls-2001-draft-spt-0619-20160618-story.html |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ChicagoTribune.com}}</ref> Lokacin Chandler na 2003–04 ya gan shi ya bayyana a cikin wasanni-ƙananan wasanni 35. Ya rasa watanni biyu a farkon kakar wasa tare da mummunan baya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 31, 2004 |title=Bulls drop eight straight on road |url=http://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=240131022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184718/http://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=240131022 |archive-date=November 8, 2018 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> kafin ya ɓace makonni na ƙarshe na kakar bayan ya sauka a kan baya a kan Maris 27 a kan Atlanta Hawks . <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2004 |title=Hawks win 2 in a row for second time this season |url=http://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=240327001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184634/http://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=240327001 |archive-date=November 8, 2018 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A cikin Satumba 2005, Chandler ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru shida tare da Bulls. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2005 |title=Briefs: Chandler agrees to contract terms with Bulls |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/briefs-chandler-agrees-to-contract-terms-with-bulls/ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=SeattleTimes.com}}</ref> A cikin Yuli 2006, Bulls sun nemi su magance Chandler, wanda ke da shekaru biyar da dala miliyan 54 a kan kwangilarsa, domin ya bi Ben Wallace . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stein |first=Marc |date=July 6, 2006 |title=Bulls to deal Chandler to Hornets for Brown, Smith |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/news/story?id=2510218 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref>
=== New Orleans Hornets (2006-2009) ===
[[Fayil:Tyson_Chandler.jpg|right|thumb| Chandler tare da Hornets a cikin Maris 2009]]
A kan Yuli 14, 2006, Chandler aka yi ciniki zuwa New Orleans Hornets a musayar [[P. J. Brown|PJ Brown]] da JR Smith . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 14, 2006 |title=Bulls trade Tyson Chandler to Hornets for PJ Brown and JR Smith |url=http://www.insidehoops.com/chandler-smith-brown-071406.shtml |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=InsideHoops.com}}</ref>
Chandler ya jagoranci NBA a cikin tashin hankali a cikin 2006 – 07 da 2007 – 08, matsayi na biyu a gasar a cikin sake dawowa kowane wasa a cikin 2006 – 07 da na uku a sake dawowa kowane wasa a 2007 – 08. Ya kuma yi matsayi na biyu a cikin NBA a cikin kashi na burin filin a 2007 – 08 (.623) kuma da zai jagoranci gasar a .624 a cikin 2006 – 07 amma ya fadi a ragar filin wasa hudu ga mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga don cancanta. <ref name="bobcats-trade">{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2009 |title=Bobcats Acquire Tyson Chandler from New Orleans Hornets |url=http://www.nba.com/bobcats/090728_release_chandler.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731112755/http://www.nba.com/bobcats/090728_release_chandler.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009 |website=NBA.com}}</ref>
A kan Fabrairu 17, 2009, Chandler aka yi ciniki zuwa Oklahoma City Thunder a musayar Chris Wilcox, Joe Smith da daftarin hakkoki DeVon Hardin . <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2009 |title=Thunder Acquire Center Tyson Chandler |url=http://www.nba.com/thunder/news/aquirechandler_090217.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706075332/http://www.nba.com/thunder/news/aquirechandler_090217.html |archive-date=July 6, 2009 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> Bayan nazarin babban yatsan hannun hagu na Chandler duk da haka, Thunder ya ƙaddara cewa haɗarin sake rauni ya yi yawa kuma bai ba Chandler cikakken lissafin lafiya ba. A sakamakon haka, a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, an soke cinikin kuma an mayar da Chandler zuwa Hornets. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 18, 2009 |title=Thunder Rescind Trade for Tyson Chandler |url=https://www.nba.com/thunder/news/rescindtrade_090218.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202095118/http://www.nba.com/thunder/news/rescindtrade_090218.html |archive-date=December 2, 2009 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> Chandler ya bayyana a wasanni 45 kacal a lokacin kakar 2008–09, inda ya rasa 29 daga cikin wasanni 44 na karshe na kungiyar saboda raunin da ya samu a idon sawunsa. <ref name="bobcats-trade">{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2009 |title=Bobcats Acquire Tyson Chandler from New Orleans Hornets |url=http://www.nba.com/bobcats/090728_release_chandler.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731112755/http://www.nba.com/bobcats/090728_release_chandler.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Broussard |first=Chris |last2=Stein |first2=Marc |date=February 20, 2009 |title=Thunder reject Chandler; trade off |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/news/story?id=3917505 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 19, 2009 |title=Artest, Rockets overcome Yao's absence, end Hornets' five-game home streak |url=http://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=290316003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719140925/http://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=290316003 |archive-date=July 19, 2018 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2009 |title=Finley, Duncan key as Spurs clinch Southwest Division, No. 3 seed |url=http://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=290415024 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184624/http://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=290415024 |archive-date=November 8, 2018 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Chandler ya gama kakar wasa ta 2008 – 09 a matsayin shugaban rikon kwarya na kowane lokaci a cikin kaso na burin filin (.611) da sake dawowa kowane wasa (11.3), yayin da yake matsayi na biyar a cikin jimlar sake komawa duk da buga wasanni na 197 kawai tare da ƙungiyar (2,225). <ref name="bobcats-trade" />
=== Charlotte Bobcats (2009-2010) ===
A ranar 28 ga Yuli, 2009, an yi cinikin Chandler zuwa Charlotte Bobcats don musanya Emeka Okafor . <ref name="bobcats-trade">{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2009 |title=Bobcats Acquire Tyson Chandler from New Orleans Hornets |url=http://www.nba.com/bobcats/090728_release_chandler.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731112755/http://www.nba.com/bobcats/090728_release_chandler.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> A cikin kakarsa kadai tare da Bobcats, Chandler ya taka leda a wasanni 51 (farawa 27) kuma ya sami matsakaicin maki 6.5, 6.3 rebounds da 1.1 tubalan duk da damuwa da damuwa a ƙafar hagunsa wanda ya sa shi rasa wasanni 29. <ref name="mavericks-trade">{{Cite web |date=July 13, 2010 |title=MAVERICKS ACQUIRE CHANDLER AND AJINCA IN FIVE-PLAYER TRADE |url=http://www.nba.com/mavericks/news/mavericks_acquire_chler__2010_07_13.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715235423/http://www.nba.com/mavericks/news/mavericks_acquire_chler__2010_07_13.html |archive-date=July 15, 2010 |website=NBA.com}}</ref>
=== Dallas Mavericks (2010-2011) ===
[[Fayil:Tyson_Chandler_Mavs.jpg|right|thumb|316x316px| Chandler tare da Mavericks a cikin Fabrairu 2011]]
A kan Yuli 13, 2010, Chandler aka yi ciniki, tare da Alexis Ajinça, zuwa Dallas Mavericks a musayar Erick Dampier, Eduardo Nájera, Matt Carroll da tsabar kudi la'akari. <ref name="mavericks-trade">{{Cite web |date=July 13, 2010 |title=MAVERICKS ACQUIRE CHANDLER AND AJINCA IN FIVE-PLAYER TRADE |url=http://www.nba.com/mavericks/news/mavericks_acquire_chler__2010_07_13.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715235423/http://www.nba.com/mavericks/news/mavericks_acquire_chler__2010_07_13.html |archive-date=July 15, 2010 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> Chandler ya kasance mafi dacewa a lokacin farkon kakarsa tare da Mavericks, yana maido da tsaron su a kan tawagar tare da Dirk Nowitzki, Jason Terry da Jason Kidd . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Neuharth-Keusch |first=AJ |date=February 16, 2016 |title=The most lopsided trades in NBA history |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2016/02/16/most-one-sided-trades-nba-history-kobe-bryant-vlade-divac/80398520/ |access-date=December 26, 2017 |website=USA Today}}</ref> An yaba masa da baiwa Mavericks 'taurin kai' da ƙarfin kariya wanda suka rasa shi sosai, ya sami zaɓi ga ƙungiyar ta NBA All-Defensive Team na biyu don ƙoƙarinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=There's a New Sheriff In Town -- Knicks' Tyson Chandler Wins Defensive Player of the Year |url=https://en.paperblog.com/there-s-a-new-sheriff-in-town-knicks-tyson-chandler-wins-defensive-player-of-the-year-195179/ |access-date=September 6, 2012 |website=paperblog.com}}</ref> Ya taimaka musu su kai ga gasar NBA ta 2011, inda suka fuskanci Miami Heat . A cikin Wasan 4 da Heat, tare da Nowitzki a ƙarƙashin yanayi da cibiyar ajiyar kuɗi Brendan Haywood ya kasa ci gaba da kasancewa a wasan, Chandler yana da maki 13 da sake dawowa 16 a nasarar 86-83 wanda ya ɗaure jerin a 2–2. Ya kama alluna masu ban tsoro, tare da takwas suna zuwa bayan kwata na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Caplan |first=Jeff |date=June 9, 2011 |title=Tyson Chandler rises to the occasion |url=https://www.espn.com/dallas/columns/story?columnist=caplan_jeff&id=6641315 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Mavericks sun ci gaba da doke Heat a wasanni shida, tare da Chandler ya lashe gasarsa ta farko kuma tilo. <ref name="whats-next">{{Cite web |date=June 14, 2011 |title=What's next for the Dallas Mavericks? |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/playoffs/2011/news/story?page=5-on-5Mavs-110614 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref>
Bayan kakar 2010–11, Chandler an ba da shawarar ya zama wakili na kyauta wanda ake nema sosai. <ref name="whats-next">{{Cite web |date=June 14, 2011 |title=What's next for the Dallas Mavericks? |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/playoffs/2011/news/story?page=5-on-5Mavs-110614 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Gwanayen Jahar Golden State da Houston Rockets sun yi masa zagon ƙasa a tsakanin sauran ƙungiyoyi. <ref name="MacMahon">{{Cite web |last=MacMahon |first=Tim |date=December 11, 2011 |title=Tyson Chandler agrees with Knicks |url=https://www.espn.com.au/dallas/nba/story/_/id/7335637/center-tyson-chandler-agrees-terms-new-york-knicks |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Yayin da suke sha'awar ci gaba da riƙe shi, Mavericks sun yi taka tsantsan kada su wuce gona da iri akan Chandler da haɗarin rasa Dwight Howard ko Deron Williams a 2012. <ref name="whats-next" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-01 |title=Mark Cuban Reveals Biggest Free Agency Disappointment with Dallas Mavericks |url=https://www.si.com/nba/mavericks/news/mark-cuban-biggest-free-agency-disappointment-dallas-mavericks-dwight-howard-giannis-antetokounmpo |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Dallas Mavericks On SI |language=en-US}}</ref> Sakamakon haka, sun ba da yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu kawai ga Chandler, wanda ya ƙi. <ref name="MacMahon" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dyce |first=Mike |date=June 30, 2014 |title=Mark Cuban still thinks breaking up 2011 Championship team was right decision |url=https://thesmokingcuban.com/2014/06/30/mark-cuban-still-thinks-breaking-up-2011-championship-team-was-right-decision/ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=thesmokingcuban.com}}</ref> Maigidan Mavericks Mark Cuban ya lalata ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar zakarun, inda ya zaɓi ƙara Lamar Odom, Vince Carter da Delonte West maimakon dawo da Chandler, JJ Barea da DeShawn Stevenson . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniels |first=David |date=December 31, 2011 |title=Mark Cuban Would Be Foolish to Blow Up Mavericks for Chance at Howard, Williams |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1004155-nba-rumors-mark-cuban-foolish-to-blow-up-team-for-chance-at-howard-and-williams |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=bleacherreport.com}}</ref> A lokacin, Cuban ya zaɓi ya ci gaba da taka tsantsan a zamanin sabuwar yarjejeniya ta haɗin gwiwa, yana gaskanta cewa sassaucin kuɗi (kuma ba tare da kulle tsoffin sojoji zuwa yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da za ta cinye sararin samaniya a nan gaba) ya fi ƙima fiye da ƙoƙarin maimaitawa. zakara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollakoff |first=Brett |date=September 23, 2014 |title=Mark Cuban on bringing back Tyson Chandler: 'Let's just say I learn from my mistakes' |url=https://nba.nbcsports.com/2014/09/23/mark-cuban-on-bringing-back-tyson-chandler-lets-just-say-i-learn-from-my-mistakes/ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=nbcsports.com}}</ref> A cikin watan Agusta 2016, Chandler ya yanke shawarar cewa idan Mavericks ba su rabu da kungiyar da ta lashe gasar zakarun 2011 ba, da sun ci gaba da lashe lakabi na baya-baya a 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Danny |date=August 19, 2016 |title=Tyson Chandler tells Jason Terry the Mavericks would've won back-to-back NBA titles |url=https://www.mavsmoneyball.com/2016/8/19/12555746/tyson-chandler-jason-terry-mavericks-won-back-to-back-nba-titles |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=mavsmoneyball.com}}</ref>
=== New York Knicks (2011-2014) ===
[[Fayil:Tyson_Chandler_Emeka_Okafor.jpg|right|thumb| Chandler (#6) tare da Knicks a cikin Maris 2013]]
A kan Disamba 10, 2011, New York Knicks ya sami Chandler ta hanyar sa hannu-da-ciniki a matsayin wani ɓangare na cinikin ƙungiyoyi uku, <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 10, 2011 |title=Three-team trade brings center Tyson Chandler to Knicks |url=http://www.insidehoops.com/blog/?p=8763 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=InsideHoops.com}}</ref> shiga cikin Knicks akan kwangilar shekaru huɗu, $ 58 miliyan. <ref name="MacMahon">{{Cite web |last=MacMahon |first=Tim |date=December 11, 2011 |title=Tyson Chandler agrees with Knicks |url=https://www.espn.com.au/dallas/nba/story/_/id/7335637/center-tyson-chandler-agrees-terms-new-york-knicks |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Tare da Chandler ya kafa tsakiyar, tsaron New York ya inganta sosai a cikin 2011–12. <ref name="dpoy">{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2012 |title=Knicks' Chandler wins Kia Defensive Player of Year |url=http://www.nba.com/2012/news/05/02/dpoy-release |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507222043/http://www.nba.com/2012/news/05/02/dpoy-release/ |archive-date=May 7, 2012 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> Bayan kammala 22nd a cikin ingantaccen tsaro a cikin 2010–11, Knicks sun gama na biyar a ingantaccen tsaro a cikin 2011-12. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Begley |first=Ian |date=May 2, 2012 |title=Tyson Chandler wins award |url=https://www.espn.com/new-york/nba/story/_/id/7880443/new-york-knicks-tyson-chandler-wins-defensive-player-year |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Royce |date=May 2, 2012 |title=Tyson Chandler wins Defensive Player of the Year in close vote with Serge Ibaka |url=https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/tyson-chandler-wins-defensive-player-of-the-year-in-close-vote-with-serge-ibaka/ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=cbssports.com}}</ref> Chandler ya kammala kakar wasa tare da jagorar gasar 67.9 kashi-gorancin filin, na uku mafi girma a tarihin gasar a lokacin bayan [[Wilton Norman Chamberlain|Wilt Chamberlain]] kawai tare da 72.7 a cikin 1972–73 da 68.3 a cikin 1966–67. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Beck |first=Howard |date=April 26, 2012 |title=After Restful Final Game, Knicks Head to Miami |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/27/sports/basketball/knicks-finish-with-a-win-and-move-on-to-miami.html |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> A cikin Mayu 2012, an ba shi kyautar NBA Defensive Player of the Year kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta NBA All-Defensive Team Na biyu . <ref name="second-team">{{Cite web |last=Begley |first=Ian |date=May 24, 2012 |title=Tyson named to all-defensive second team |url=https://www.espn.com/blog/new-york/knicks/post/_/id/19852/tyson-named-to-nbas-all-defensive-second-team |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Ya zama dan wasa na farko a cikin tarihin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Faransa don lashe Gwarzon Dan Wasan Kare, <ref name="dpoy" /> kuma ya shiga Alvin Robertson (1986) da [[Dikembe Mutombo]] (1995) a matsayin ‘yan wasan baya na shekara a kan Kungiyar Tsaro ta Biyu. <ref name="second-team" /> Saboda tsarin kada kuri'a na All-Defensive, dan wasan Oklahoma City Serge Ibaka shi ne dan gaba a tawagar farko, yayin da Dwight Howard na Orlando ke tsakiya. <ref name="second-team" /> Bugu da ƙari, an ba wa Chandler suna ga All-NBA Uku Team . <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 24, 2012 |title=LeBron, Durant highlight 2011–12 All-NBA First Team |url=http://www.nba.com/2012/news/05/24/all-NBA-teams/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622235136/http://www.nba.com/2012/news/05/24/all-NBA-teams/index.html |archive-date=June 22, 2012 |access-date=May 24, 2012 |publisher=NBA}}</ref>
A cikin Janairu 2013, an nada Chandler a matsayin NBA All-Star a karon farko a cikin aikinsa na shekaru 12, yana samun zaɓi a matsayin ajiyar taron Gabas don 2013 NBA All-Star Game . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shetler |first=Matt |date=January 24, 2013 |title=2013 NBA All-Star Game: Tyson Chandler makes first All-Star team |url=https://dailyknicks.com/2013/01/24/2013-nba-all-star-game-tyson-chandler-makes-first-all-star-team/ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=dailyknicks.com}}</ref> A farkon Fabrairu, ya ɗaure rikodin ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar kamfani tare da wasanni uku madaidaiciya 20-rebound, ya zama ɗan wasan Knicks na farko da ya sami 20 a cikin wasanni uku madaidaiciya tun Willis Reed a cikin Disamba 1969. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 4, 2013 |title=Tyson Chandler has 20 rebounds for third straight game as Knicks win |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=400278430 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, yana da maki 16 da mafi kyawun aikin 28 a cikin nasarar 109 – 105 akan Jaruman Jihar Golden . <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2013 |title=Stephen Curry's 54 points not enough as Warriors fall to Knicks |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=400278573 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A cikin Mayu 2013, an ba shi suna a cikin NBA All-Defensive First Team, ya zama dan wasa na farko na Knicks don samun lambar yabo ta ƙungiyar farko tun Charles Oakley a 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zwerling |first=Jared |date=May 14, 2013 |title=Chandler named to All-Defensive First Team |url=https://www.espn.com/blog/new-york/knicks/post/_/id/44203/chandler-named-to-all-defensive-first-team |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref>
Bayan kakar 2012-13, na uku na matsakaicin matsakaicin sau biyu yayin harbi aƙalla kashi 60 daga filin, Chandler ya dace da [[Wilton Norman Chamberlain|Wilt Chamberlain]] kuma ya shiga Artis Gilmore a matsayin ɗan wasa kawai a tarihin gasar don cimma wannan aƙalla sau uku a cikin ayyukansu ( DeAndre Jordan tun daga lokacin ya cika wannan aikin).
An lalata shi da rauni a farkon kakar 2013-14, ya ɗauki Chandler ɗan lokaci don dawo da salon sa. <ref name="1314review">{{Cite web |last=Diglio |first=Frank |date=April 23, 2014 |title=Tyson Chandler: 2013-14 Season Review |url=https://dailyknicks.com/2014/04/23/player-evaluation-tyson-chandler/ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=dailyknicks.com}}</ref> Raunin gwiwa na dama ya sha wahala a kan Nuwamba 5 a kan Charlotte Bobcats <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2013 |title=Bobcats hold off Knicks late; Tyson Chandler hurt |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=400488927 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> da kuma rashin lafiya na numfashi na sama ya jure a farkon Janairu <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 5, 2014 |title=Carmelo Anthony sparks Knicks' win over Mavericks |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=400489376 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> ya haifar da Chandler ya bayyana a cikin wasanni na 55 kawai. <ref name="1314review" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tyson Chandler 2013-14 Game Log |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/c/chandty01/gamelog/2014/ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=Basketball-Reference.com}}</ref>
=== Matsayi na biyu tare da Dallas (2014-2015) ===
A Yuni 25, 2014, Chandler aka yi ciniki da baya zuwa Dallas Mavericks tare da Raymond Felton a musayar Shane Larkin, Wayne Ellington, José Calderón, Samuel Dalembert, da kuma biyu na biyu zagaye picks a cikin 2014 NBA daftarin . <ref name="reunion">{{Cite web |date=June 25, 2014 |title=Mavs acquire Tyson Chandler, Raymond Felton from Knicks |url=http://www.mavs.com/mavs-acquire-tyson-chandler-raymond-felton-knicks/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628171056/http://www.mavs.com/mavs-acquire-tyson-chandler-raymond-felton-knicks/ |archive-date=June 28, 2017 |access-date=June 25, 2014 |website=Mavs.com}}</ref> Yunkurin ya sake haduwa da Chandler tare da abokan wasan gasar Dirk Nowitzki da JJ Barea, da kuma koci Rick Carlisle . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sneed |first=Earl K. |date=May 5, 2015 |title=Tyson Chandler faced challenges in leading Mavs through '14-15 season |url=http://www.mavs.com/tyson-chandler-faced-challenges-in-leading-mavs-through-14-15-season/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031150859/http://www.mavs.com/tyson-chandler-faced-challenges-in-leading-mavs-through-14-15-season/ |archive-date=October 31, 2016 |website=Mavs.com}}</ref> A cikin wasanni 75 a lokacin kakar 2014 – 15, Chandler ya sami matsakaita sau biyu tare da maki 10.3 akan harbi na kashi 66.6 da sake dawowa 11.5, ban da tubalan 1.2. Tare da kashi 59.1 bisa dari a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2014-15, Chandler yana da kashi na biyu mafi girman burin filin a tarihin NBA tsakanin waɗanda ke da aƙalla 2,000, wanda ke bin Gilmore kawai. <ref name="suns-sign">{{Cite web |date=July 9, 2015 |title=Suns Sign Tyson Chandler |url=http://www.nba.com/suns/press-release/suns-sign-tyson-chandler |access-date=July 9, 2015 |website=NBA.com}}</ref>
=== Phoenix Suns (2015-2018) ===
A ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2015, Chandler ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu, dala miliyan 52 tare da Phoenix Suns . <ref name="suns-sign">{{Cite web |date=July 9, 2015 |title=Suns Sign Tyson Chandler |url=http://www.nba.com/suns/press-release/suns-sign-tyson-chandler |access-date=July 9, 2015 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stein |first=Marc |date=July 1, 2015 |title=Tyson Chandler agrees to four-year, $52 million deal with Suns |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/13182504/tyson-chandler-agrees-four-year-52-million-deal-phoenix-suns |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, ya sha wahala mai rauni na dama a kan Golden State Warriors . <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 27, 2015 |title=Stephen Curry scores 41, Warriors pour in 3s to stretch record start to 17-0 |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=400828123 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Daga baya ya rasa wasanni takwas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2015 |title=Knight's 25 points lead Suns over Timberwolves 108-101 |url=http://www.nba.com/games/20151213/MINPHX/gameinfo.html |access-date=December 13, 2015 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> <ref name="br1516">{{Cite web |title=Tyson Chandler 2015-16 Game Log |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/c/chandty01/gamelog/2016/ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=Basketball-Reference.com}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Janairu, Chandler ya kama babban kakar wasanni 20 a cikin asarar 117-89 ga San Antonio Spurs . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 21, 2016 |title=Spurs cruise to 12th straight win, 117-89 win over Suns |url=http://www.nba.com/games/20160121/SASPHX/gameinfo.html |access-date=January 22, 2016 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, a cikin nasarar 98 – 95 akan Atlanta Hawks, Chandler ya ɗaure rikodin Suns tare da 27 rebounds, ciki har da 17 a farkon rabin, kuma yana da maki 13 da babban taimako biyar. Komawar sa guda 27 sun yi daidai da jimillar rikodin da Paul Sila ya kafa a 1971, kuma allunan cin zarafinsa 13 sun kafa rikodin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani. Chandler kuma ya zama dan wasan Suns na farko a cikin tarihin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani don yin rikodin wasanni 20 a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2016 |title=Goodwin hits 3 with 0.1 seconds left, Suns beat Hawks 98-95 |url=http://www.nba.com/games/20160123/ATLPHX/gameinfo.html |access-date=January 23, 2016 |website=NBA.com}}</ref>
A kan Disamba 11, 2016, Chandler yana da maki 14 da sake dawowa 21 a cikin asarar karin lokaci na 120-119 ga New Orleans Pelicans . <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 11, 2016 |title=Frazier gets triple-double, Pelicans beat Suns 120-119 in OT |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=400899801 |access-date=December 11, 2016 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, ya kama mafi kyawun yanayi na 23 a cikin nasara akan New York Knicks 113–111 akan kari. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2016 |title=Bledsoe, Suns beat Knicks 113-111 in OT |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=400899814 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Tare da wasansa na uku na 20-rebound na kakar a ranar 3 ga Janairu a cikin nasara na 99–90 akan Miami Heat, <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2017 |title=Heat vs. Suns – Box Score |url=https://www.espn.com.au/nba/boxscore?gameId=400899451 |access-date=January 3, 2017 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Chandler ya zama ɗan wasa na farko na Suns tare da ƙari uku a cikin kakar wasa tun Charles Barkley (5) a cikin 1993–94 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2017 |title=With his third 20-rebound game this season... |url=https://twitter.com/SunsBballComm/status/816498102282514434 |access-date=January 4, 2017 |website=Twitter}} {{Dead link|date=November 2018}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Janairu, a cikin nasara 107–105 akan New York Knicks, Chandler ya kafa tarihin ƙungiyar ta hanyar ɗaukar 15-da sake dawowa cikin wasanni bakwai a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Haller |first=Doug |date=January 25, 2017 |title=Phoenix Suns' Tyson Chandler takes the fight to Father Time |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/sports/nba/suns/2017/01/25/phoenix-suns-tyson-chandler-takes-fight-father-time/97061260/ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=azcentral.com}}</ref> Wata dare bayan kafa alamar, Chandler ya ƙare rikodin ikon ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar mallakar Faransa da kuma aikinsa na wasanni 15 a jere a jere a wasanni bakwai tare da sake dawowa tara a kan Toronto Raptors . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 22, 2017 |title=Bledsoe's career day leads Suns over Raptors 115-103 |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=400900084 |access-date=January 22, 2017 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Mafi kyawun lokacin sa na kakar ya zo tsakanin Janairu 19 – 24, inda yake da wasanni uku na sama da maki 16 (matsakaicin 17.25) da sama da 16 rebounds (matsakaicin 14.5), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniels |first=Matthew |date=May 9, 2017 |title=2016-17 Player Reviews: Tyson Chandler |url=https://valleyofthesuns.com/2017/05/09/2016-17-player-reviews-tyson-chandler/ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=valleyofthesuns.com}}</ref> gami da zira kwallaye a kakar 22 maki sau biyu. <ref name="br1617">{{Cite web |title=Tyson Chandler 2016-17 Game Log |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/c/chandty01/gamelog/2017/ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=Basketball-Reference.com}}</ref> Chandler ya bayyana a cikin wasanni 47 na farkon wasannin 57 na Suns kafin a kashe shi bayan hutun All-Star. <ref name="br1617" /> An bayar da rahoton cewa, Chandler ya shaida wa kamfanin Suns a wa'adin cinikin cewa ba ya son a yi masa mu'amala, kuma sun amince da bukatarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Matt |date=March 17, 2017 |title=Tyson Chandler rejected pre-deadline trade to NBA contender to stick with lowly Suns |url=https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/tyson-chandler-rejected-pre-deadline-trade-to-nba-contender-to-stick-with-lowly-suns/ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=cbssports.com}}</ref>
A lokacin kakar 2017 – 18, Chandler ya yi yaƙi ta hanyar rauni a wuyansa wanda ya ba shi rauni lokaci-lokaci don jimlar wasanni 36. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidery |first=Evan |date=August 11, 2018 |title=BSOTS 2018-19 Player Previews: Tyson Chandler |url=https://www.brightsideofthesun.com/2018/8/11/17657076/bsots-2018-19-player-previews-tyson-chandler-phoenix-suns-nba-news |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=brightsideofthesun.com}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2018, Chandler ya ci karo da 14 a kan Indiana Pacers don zama dan wasa na 40 a tarihin gasar da ya kai 10,000 don aikinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 14, 2018 |title=Collison, Oladipo lead balanced Pacers to rout of Phoenix |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/recap?gameId=400975382 |access-date=January 14, 2018 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni 46 kawai a cikin 2017 – 18, gami da bata watan karshe na kakar wasa. <ref name="br1718">{{Cite web |title=Tyson Chandler 2017-18 Game Log |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/c/chandty01/gamelog/2018/ |access-date=November 8, 2018 |website=Basketball-Reference.com}}</ref>
Bayan fara kakar 2018-19 tare da raguwar rawar da ya taka saboda zuwan rookie Deandre Ayton, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Helin |first=Kurt |date=November 3, 2018 |title=Reports: Suns to buy out Tyson Chandler; Lakers will be landing spot |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/reports-suns-buy-tyson-chandler-223332976.html |access-date=November 4, 2018 |website=Yahoo.com}}</ref> Chandler da Suns sun cimma yarjejeniyar siyan kuɗi a kan Nuwamba 4, 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2018 |title=Suns and Tyson Chandler Reach Buyout Agreement |url=https://www.nba.com/suns/press-release/suns-and-tyson-chandler-reach-buyout-agreement |access-date=November 4, 2018 |website=NBA.com}}</ref>
=== Los Angeles Lakers (2018-2019) ===
A kan Nuwamba 6, 2018, Chandler ya sanya hannu tare da Los Angeles Lakers . <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 6, 2018 |title=Lakers Sign Tyson Chandler |url=https://www.nba.com/lakers/releases/181106-lakers-sign-tyson-chandler |access-date=November 6, 2018 |website=NBA.com}}</ref>
=== Houston Rockets (2019-2020) ===
A ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2019, Chandler ya sanya hannu tare da Rockets na Houston . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 19, 2019 |title=Rockets Sign Free Agent Tyson Chandler |url=https://www.nba.com/rockets/news/rockets-sign-free-agent-tyson-chandler |access-date=July 19, 2019 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> An buga wasan karshe na NBA na Chandler a Wasan 5 na 2020 Taron Farko na Yammacin Turai a ranar 29 ga Agusta, 2020, da Oklahoma City Thunder. A waccan wasan Tyson ya shiga cikin kasa da minti 1 kuma ya harbi 2 kyauta (rasa duka biyun). Rockets za su yi nasara a wasan 114 - 80 kuma su ci gaba da cin nasara a cikin jerin wasanni 7.
== Aikin tawagar kasa ==
[[Fayil:Tyson_Chandler_(4).jpg|right|thumb| Chandler tare da tawagar Amurka a watan Yuli 2012]]
An nada Chandler a matsayin na farko a cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Amurka wadanda suka fafata a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008 .
Chandler ya kasance memba na tawagar Amurka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010, kungiyar da ta kare da ci 9-0 a gasar kuma ta lashe lambar zinare, gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko ta Amurka tun 1994. Ya taka leda a duk wasannin gasar cin kofin duniya tara a matsayin cibiyar ajiya, matsakaicin 2.6 ppg da 2.7 rpg, ya harbi kashi 64.3 daga filin, kuma ya toshe harbi biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=USA Basketball Profile: Tyson Chandler |url=http://www.usabasketball.com/bios/chandler_tyson.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305210517/http://www.usabasketball.com/bios/chandler_tyson.html |archive-date=March 5, 2013 |access-date=February 21, 2013 |publisher=usabasketball.com}}</ref>
An zabi Chandler don buga wa tawagar Amurka wasa a gasar Olympics ta lokacin bazara ta 2012, kuma an nada shi cibiyar farawa ta kungiyar. Tawagar Amurka ta kammala gasar ba tare da an doke ta ba kuma ta samu lambar zinare a kan Spain da ci 107–100. Chandler ya buga mintuna 9, kuma ya yi 1 cikin 2 daga filin wasa. Ya karasa wasan da maki biyu, wadanda sune maki na farko da aka samu a wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2012 |title=Gold Medal Game Statistics |url=http://www.usabasketball.com/mens/national/12_moly_game_08_stats.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814114535/http://www.usabasketball.com/mens/national/12_moly_game_08_stats.html |archive-date=August 14, 2012 |access-date=August 12, 2012 |publisher=usabasketball.com}}</ref>
== Aikin koyarwa ==
A lokacin bazara na 2021, Chandler ya zama kocin haɓaka ɗan wasa don Dallas Mavericks . <ref name="Mavs_October29">{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2021 |title=Tyson Chandler is - unofficially - back with the Mavs |url=https://www.mavs.com/chandlersortofback/ |access-date=October 29, 2021 |website=Dallas Mavericks}}</ref>
== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Har ya kai shekaru 10, Chandler ya girma tare da kakansa a wata gona a tsakiyar California.
'Yar uwarsa, Erica, ta buga wasan kwallon kwando a Jami'ar Pepperdine . Yana da 'yan'uwa uku: Terrell, Tervon, da Ryan. Kakarsa ta uba 'yar Jamus ce. Chandler ɗan Frank Chandler ne kuma marigayi Vernie Re Threadgill.
Chandler da matarsa Kimberly sun yi aure a shekara ta 2005. Suna da 'ya'ya uku. Chandler da matarsa sun shirya wata sadaka don taimakawa iyalan [[New Orleans]] da suka sha wahala daga guguwar Katrina . Ƙungiyoyin agaji sun taimaka wajen siyan "kananan abubuwa" (kamar yadda Chandler ya ce) don gidajen iyalai: TV, murhu, microwaves, firiji, tukwane, kwanon rufi da dai sauransu. Matan abokan wasan Chandler sun taimaka a kokarin.
Ya kasance batun takaitaccen bugu na zine mai kwafi 100 mai taken "Tyson Chandler". An kirkiro zine a cikin fall 2011 ta Camilla Venturini da mai daukar hoto Ari Marcopoulos, kuma shine batun dogon labari a cikin ''Wall Street Journal'' .
A cikin 2016, Chandler ya shiga UNICEF Kid Power a matsayin Zakaran Wutar Lantarki na UNICEF don manufa a Uganda, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tyson Chandler: UNICEF Kid Power Champion |url=https://unicefkidpower.org/champions/mission-uganda-tyson-chandler/ |website=UNICEF Kid Power}}</ref> a ƙoƙarin yaƙi da rashin abinci mai gina jiki a duniya da kuma wayar da kan yara, ta hanyar "sawa mai kyau" na farko a duniya.
Chandler da matarsa Kimberly sun rabu a watan Agusta 2021. A watan Satumba na 2021, matarsa ta shigar da karar kisan aure, saboda bambance-bambancen da ba za a iya sulhuntawa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marconja Zor |date=September 16, 2021 |title=NBA star Tyson Chandler's wife files for divorce after 16 years |url=https://news.yahoo.com/nba-star-tyson-chandler-wife-204500799.html |access-date=October 7, 2021 |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 17, 2021 |title=Ex-NBA Player Tyson Chandler And His Wife Are Divorcing After 16 Years |url=https://www.bet.com/article/j1uf5y/tyson-chandler-and-his-wife-are-divorcing |access-date=October 7, 2021 |publisher=[[BET]]}}</ref>
== Kididdigar aikin NBA ==
{{NBA player statistics legend|champion=y|leader=y}}
=== Lokaci na yau da kullun ===
{{NBA player statistics start}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2001}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2001–02 Chicago Bulls season|Chicago]]
| 71 || 31 || 19.6 || .497 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .604 || 4.8 || .8 || .4 || 1.3 || 6.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2002}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2002–03 Chicago Bulls season|Chicago]]
| 75 || 68 || 24.4 || .531 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .608 || 6.9 || 1.0 || .5 || 1.4 || 9.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2003}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2003–04 Chicago Bulls season|Chicago]]
| 35 || 8 || 22.3 || .424 || .000 || .669 || 7.7 || .7 || .5 || 1.2 || 6.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2004}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2004–05 Chicago Bulls season|Chicago]]
| '''80''' || 10 || 27.4 || .494 || .000 || .673 || 9.7 || .8 || '''.9''' || '''1.8''' || 8.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2005}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2005–06 Chicago Bulls season|Chicago]]
| 79 || 50 || 26.8 || .565 || .000 || .503 || 9.0 || 1.0 || .5 || 1.3 || 5.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2006}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2006–07 New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets season|New Orleans]]
| 73 || 73 || 34.6 || .624 || .000 || .527 || '''12.4''' || .9 || .5 || '''1.8''' || 9.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2007}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2007–08 New Orleans Hornets season|New Orleans]]
| 79 || '''79''' || '''35.2''' || .623 || .000 || .593 || 11.7 || 1.0 || .6 || 1.1 || '''11.8'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2008}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2008–09 New Orleans Hornets season|New Orleans]]
| 45 || 45 || 32.1 || .565 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .579 || 8.7 || .5 || .3 || 1.2 || 8.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2009}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2009–10 Charlotte Bobcats season|Charlotte]]
| 51 || 27 || 22.8 || .574 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .732 || 6.3 || .3 || .3 || 1.1 || 6.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|{{nbay|2010}}†
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2010–11 Dallas Mavericks season|Dallas]]
| 74 || 74 || 27.8 || .654 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .732 || 9.4 || .4 || .5 || 1.1 || 10.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2011}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2011–12 New York Knicks season|New York]]
| 62 || 62 || 33.2 || style="background:#cfecec;"| .679* || .000 || .689 || 11.0 || .9 || '''.9''' || 1.4 || 11.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2012}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2012–13 New York Knicks season|New York]]
| 66 || 66 || 32.8 || .638 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .694 || 10.7 || .9 || .6 || 1.1 || 10.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2013}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2013–14 New York Knicks season|New York]]
| 55 || 55 || 30.2 || .593 || .000 || .632 || 9.6 || '''1.1''' || .7 || 1.1 || 8.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2014}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2014–15 Dallas Mavericks season|Dallas]]
| 75 || 75 || 30.5 || .666 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .720 || 11.5 || '''1.1''' || .6 || 1.2 || 10.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2015}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2015–16 Phoenix Suns season|Phoenix]]
| 66 || 60 || 24.5 || .583 || .000 || .620 || 8.7 || 1.0 || .5 || .7 || 7.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2016}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2016–17 Phoenix Suns season|Phoenix]]
| 47 || 46 || 27.6 || .671 || {{Sort|-|—}} || '''.734''' || 11.5 || .6 || .7 || .5 || 8.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2017}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2017–18 Phoenix Suns season|Phoenix]]
| 46 || 46 || 25.0 || .647 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .617 || 9.1 || 1.2 || .3 || .6 || 6.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;" rowspan=2| {{nbay|2018}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2018–19 Phoenix Suns season|Phoenix]]
| 7 || 0 || 12.7 || .667 || {{Sort|-|—}} || .556 || 5.6 || .9 || .3 || .1 || 3.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2018–19 Los Angeles Lakers season|L.A. Lakers]]
| 48 || 6 || 16.4 || .609 || .000 || .594 || 5.6 || .6 || .4 || .5 || 3.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{nbay|2019}}
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2019–20 Houston Rockets season|Houston]]
| 26 || 5 || 8.4 || '''.778''' || {{Sort|-|—}} || .462 || 2.5 || .2 || .2 || .3 || 1.3
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 1,160 || 886 || 27.3 || .597 || .000 || .644 || 9.0 || .8 || .5 || 1.2 || 8.2
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| All-Star
| 1 || 0 || 17.0 || .400 || .000 || 1.000 || 8.0 || .0 || .0 || .0 || 7.0
{{S-end}}
=== Wasan wasa ===
{{NBA player statistics start}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2005 NBA playoffs|2005]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2004–05 Chicago Bulls season|Chicago]]
| 6 || 0 || 28.7 || .475 || .000 || .696 || 9.7 || '''1.3''' || .2 || '''2.2''' || '''11.7'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2006 NBA playoffs|2006]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2005–06 Chicago Bulls season|Chicago]]
| 6 || 0 || 17.3 || '''.667''' || .000 || .300 || 4.5 || .5 || .3 || .3 || 1.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2008 NBA playoffs|2008]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2007–08 New Orleans Hornets season|New Orleans]]
| 12 || 12 || '''34.3''' || .632 || .000 || .625 || 10.3 || .4 || .4 || 1.7 || 8.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2009 NBA playoffs|2009]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2008–09 New Orleans Hornets season|New Orleans]]
| 4 || 4 || 23.5 || .500 || .000 || .500 || 5.3 || .5 || .5 || .3 || 3.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2010 NBA playoffs|2010]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2009–10 Charlotte Bobcats season|Charlotte]]
| 4 || 0 || 15.0 || .545 || .000 || .667 || 2.5 || .5 || .5 || .8 || 3.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|[[2011 NBA playoffs|2011]]†
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2010–11 Dallas Mavericks season|Dallas]]
| '''21''' || '''21''' || 32.4 || .582 || .000 || .679 || 9.2 || .4 || .6 || .9 || 8.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2012 NBA playoffs|2012]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2011–12 New York Knicks season|New York]]
| 5 || 5 || 33.4 || .440 || .000 || .600 || 9.0 || .8 || '''1.4''' || 1.4 || 6.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2013 NBA playoffs|2013]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2012–13 New York Knicks season|New York]]
| 12 || 12 || 29.2 || .538 || .000 || '''.750''' || 7.3 || .3 || .7 || 1.2 || 5.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2015 NBA playoffs|2015]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2014–15 Dallas Mavericks season|Dallas]]
| 5 || 5 || 32.0 || .655 || .000 || .500 || '''10.8''' || .2 || .6 || 1.2 || 10.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[2020 NBA playoffs|2020]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[2019–20 Houston Rockets season|Houston]]
| 1 || 0 || 0.0 || .000 || .000 || .000 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 76 || 59 || 28.9 || .566 || .000 || .628 || 8.1 || .5 || .6 || 1.1 || 6.9
{{S-end}}
== Bayanan kula ==
<nowiki>.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki>
== Duba kuma ==
* Jerin shugabannin NBA masu sake dawowa aiki
* Jerin ayyukan NBA ya toshe shugabannin
* Jerin sunayen shugabanni na sirri na aikin NBA
* Jerin jagororin fagen burin aikin NBA
* Jerin lokutan NBA da aka buga shugabannin
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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Khalil (sunan)
0
89281
559275
559062
2024-12-18T16:53:35Z
Mahuta
11340
559275
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'''Khalil''' ko kuma '''Khaleel''' (Arabic) yana nufin ''aboki'' kuma sunan farko ne na namiji a [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], Caucasus, Balkans, [[Arewacin Afirka]], [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]], [[Gabashin Afirka]], [[Tsakiyar Asiya|Asiya ta Tsakiya]] da kuma tsakanin Musulmai a Kudancin Asiya kuma saboda haka sunan mahaifi ne na kowa. Hakanan ana amfani dashine a tsakanin mutanen Turkic na [[Rasha]] da kuma [[Afirkawan Amurka|'Yan Afirka na Afirka]]. Anba [[Annabi Ibrahim|Ibrahim]] taken Khalīl-ullah (Arabic) acikin Islama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Translation |url=https://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=4&verse=125 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=corpus.quran.com}}</ref> Mataimakin wannan sunan s
ogu6udzkbvn289fvhkv3so0bmdzil7s
559276
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2024-12-18T16:53:51Z
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'''Khalil''' ko kuma '''Khaleel''' (Arabic) yana nufin ''aboki'' kuma sunan farko ne na namiji a [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], Caucasus, Balkans, [[Arewacin Afirka]], [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]], [[Gabashin Afirka]], [[Tsakiyar Asiya|Asiya ta Tsakiya]] da kuma tsakanin Musulmai a Kudancin Asiya kuma saboda haka sunan mahaifi ne na kowa. Hakanan ana amfani dashine a tsakanin mutanen Turkic na [[Rasha]] da kuma [[Afirkawan Amurka|'Yan Afirka na Afirka]]. Anba [[Annabi Ibrahim|Ibrahim]] taken Khalīl-ullah (Arabic) acikin Islama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Translation |url=https://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=4&verse=125 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=corpus.quran.com}}</ref> Mataimakin wannan sunan s
==Manazarta==
6osb4vsbio5nyu1x4g89dyf4vbxfti7
Yusra Mardini
0
89284
559274
559067
2024-12-18T16:52:37Z
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11340
559274
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An haifi Mardini ne acikin iyalin [[Mabiya Sunnah|Sunni]] na Siriya. Ya girma a Damascus, Siriya, Mardini ya horar dayin iyo tare da goyon bayan Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na Siriya. <ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |last=Philip Oltermann |date=18 March 2016 |title=From Syria to Rio: refugee Yusra Mardini targets Olympic swimming spot |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/mar/18/syria-rio-refugee-yusra-mardini-olympic-swimming |access-date=25 March 2016 |website=the Guardian}}</ref> In 2012, she represented [[Syria]] in the [[2012 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)]] [[2012 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) – Women's 200 metre individual medley|200 metre individual medley]], [[2012 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) – Women's 200 metre freestyle|200 metre freestyle]] and [[2012 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) – Women's 400 metre freestyle|400 metre freestyle]] events.<ref>{{cite web |title=The inspirational Olympic journey of refugee swimmer Yusra Mardini |url=http://www.olympic.org/news/the-inspirational-olympic-journey-of-refugee-swimmer-yusra-mardini/248886 |access-date=25 March 2016 |work=Olympic.org |publisher=[[Olympic Games]]}}</ref>
An lalata gidan Mardini a Yaƙin basasar Siriya . <ref name="stuff">{{Cite web |date=21 March 2016 |title=Olympics hopeful Syrian refugee swims for three hours pushing boat of migrants |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/other-sports/78131048/Olympics-hopeful-Syrian-refugee-swims-for-three-hours-pushing-boat-of-migrants |access-date=25 March 2016 |website=Stuff}}</ref> Mardini da 'yar'uwarta [[Sarah Mardini|Saratu]] sun yanke shawarar tserewa daga Siriya a watan Agusta shekarar 2015. Sun isa [[Lebanon]], sannan [[Turkiyya]], inda suka shirya a shigo da su cikin jirgin ruwa zuwa [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] tare da wasu baƙi 18, kodayake jirgin ya kasance ba fiye da mutane 6 ko 7 ba ne zasuyi amfani dashi. Bayan Motar ta daina aiki kuma jirgin ya fara ɗaukar ruwa a cikin Tekun Aegean, Yusra, Sarah, da wasu mutane biyu da suka iya yin iyo sunyi tsalle cikin ruwa kuma suka tura kuma suka ja jirgin cikin ruwa sama da awanni 3 har sai kungiyar ta isa tsibirin Lesbos.<ref name="npr">{{Cite web |date=20 March 2016 |title=After Surviving Aegean Sea, Syrian Swimmer Hopes For Spot In Olympics |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/20/471180243/after-surviving-aegean-sea-syrian-swimmer-hopes-for-spot-in-olympics |access-date=25 March 2016 |website=NPR.org}}</ref> Daga nan sai suka yi tafiya da ƙafa ta [[Turai]] zuwa [[Jamus]], inda suka zauna a [[Berlin]] a watan Satumbar 2015.<ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |last=Philip Oltermann |date=18 March 2016 |title=From Syria to Rio: refugee Yusra Mardini targets Olympic swimming spot |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/mar/18/syria-rio-refugee-yusra-mardini-olympic-swimming |access-date=25 March 2016 |website=the Guardian}}</ref> Iyayenta da ƙanwarta, Shahed, suma sun tsere daga Siriya kuma suna zaune a Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2016 |title=Refugee swimmer Yusra Mardini gets a chance to go the Olympic Games |url=https://swimswam.com/refugee-swimmer-yusra-mardini-gets-chance-go-olympic-games/ |access-date=25 March 2016 |website=SwimSwam}}</ref>
pd4d2vu0ejf5wwehqqh7oge8fdmnakm
Talita Baqlah
0
89285
559270
559071
2024-12-18T16:50:45Z
Mahuta
11340
559270
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'''Talita Baqlah''' ({{langx|ar|تاليتا بقلة}}; an haife ta a ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba shekarata alif 1995) 'yar wasan ruwa ce ta Jordan wacce ta fafata a wasannin Olympics uku a jere, a wasannin Olympic na shekarar 2012, 2016 da kuma 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Talita Baqlah |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/122881 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=olympedia.org}}</ref>
ntnjx4fgntzacxmfbhhff8161u8mx3l
559271
559270
2024-12-18T16:51:20Z
Mahuta
11340
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'''Talita Baqlah''" an haife ta a ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba shekarata alif 1995) 'yar wasan ruwa ce ta Jordan wacce ta fafata a wasannin Olympics uku a jere, a wasannin Olympic na shekarar 2012, 2016 da kuma 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Talita Baqlah |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/122881 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=olympedia.org}}</ref>
od3fx9wfm96cwio4yykosu4z1043l4l
559272
559271
2024-12-18T16:51:44Z
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11340
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'''Talita Baqlah''' an haife ta a ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba shekarata alif 1995) 'yar wasan ruwa ce ta Jordan wacce ta fafata a wasannin Olympics uku a jere, a wasannin Olympic na shekarar 2012, 2016 da kuma 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Talita Baqlah |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/122881 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=olympedia.org}}</ref>
42kz1gfyppavfii25n98yxwdxm7i3va
559273
559272
2024-12-18T16:52:07Z
Mahuta
11340
559273
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'''Talita Baqlah''' an haife ta a ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba shekarata alif 1995) 'yar wasan ruwa ce ta Jordan wacce ta fafata a wasannin Olympics uku a jere, a wasannin Olympic na shekarar 2012, 2016 da kuma 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Talita Baqlah |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/122881 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=olympedia.org}}</ref>
==Manazarta==
19dh4k076vgrkgpzjt06z3a14qqjrk0
Walid bin Attash
0
89301
559266
559140
2024-12-18T16:46:38Z
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'''Walid Muhammad Salih bin Mubarak bin Attash''' ({{langx|ar|وليد محمد صالح بن مبارك بن عتش}}; an haife shine a shekara ta alif 1978) fursuna ne na Yemen da aka tsare a sansanin tsare-tsare na Guantanamo Bay a Amurka a karkashin tuhumar da ta shafi ta'addanci kuma ana zarginsa da taka muhimmiyar rawa a farkon matakan hare-haren 9/11. Ofishin Darakta na leken asiri na kasa ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗan dangin ta'addanci". <ref name="odni14">
{{Cite web |title=Detainee Biographies |url=http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://swap.stanford.edu/20091119181208/http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf |archive-date=2009-11-19 |publisher=[[Office of the Director of National Intelligence]]}}</ref> Masu gabatar da kara na Amurka a Kwamitin soja na Guantanamo sunyi zargin cewa ya taimaka wajen shirya hare-haren bama-bamai na Ofishin Jakadancin Afirka ta Gabas na shekarar alif 1998 da kuma fashewar bama-baye na USS Cole kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsaron Osama bin Laden, inda ya sami sunan "yaro mara kyau ".<ref name="CsrtWalidMuhammadSalihAttashSummaryOfEvidence">{{Cite web |last=OARDEC |author-link=OARDEC |date=February 8, 2007 |title=Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal - Bin Attash, Walid Muhammad Salih |url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/ISN10014.pdf#1 |access-date=2007-04-15 |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]}}</ref> An tuhume shida zabar da taimakawa wajen horar da masu satar da mutane da yawa na [[September 11 attacks|Hare-haren Satumba 11]]. A ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekarata 2024, Attash ya amince da yin ikirarin laifi don kauce wa hukuncin kisa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Carol |date=31 July 2024 |title=Accused Sept. 11 Plotters Agree to Plead Guilty at Guantánamo Bay |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/31/us/politics/sept-11-guilty-plea.html |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Sakataren Tsaro Lloyd Austin ya soke yarjejeniyar neman gafara bayan kwana biyu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Carol |date=2 August 2024 |title=Defense Secretary Revokes Plea Deal for Accused Sept. 11 Plotters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/02/us/politics/911-plotters-plea-deal.html |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
gcnpy1b9qfjxybefkb3lv6g9iwujux2
559267
559266
2024-12-18T16:47:03Z
Mahuta
11340
559267
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'''Walid Muhammad Salih bin Mubarak bin Attash''' ({{langx|ar|وليد محمد صالح بن مبارك بن عتش}}; an haife shine a shekara ta alif 1978) fursuna ne na Yemen da aka tsare a sansanin tsare-tsare na Guantanamo Bay a [[America]] a karkashin tuhumar da ta shafi ta'addanci kuma ana zarginsa da taka muhimmiyar rawa a farkon matakan hare-haren 9/11. Ofishin Darakta na leken asiri na kasa ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗan dangin ta'addanci". <ref name="odni14">
{{Cite web |title=Detainee Biographies |url=http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://swap.stanford.edu/20091119181208/http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf |archive-date=2009-11-19 |publisher=[[Office of the Director of National Intelligence]]}}</ref> Masu gabatar da kara na Amurka a Kwamitin soja na Guantanamo sunyi zargin cewa ya taimaka wajen shirya hare-haren bama-bamai na Ofishin Jakadancin Afirka ta Gabas na shekarar alif 1998 da kuma fashewar bama-baye na USS Cole kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsaron Osama bin Laden, inda ya sami sunan "yaro mara kyau ".<ref name="CsrtWalidMuhammadSalihAttashSummaryOfEvidence">{{Cite web |last=OARDEC |author-link=OARDEC |date=February 8, 2007 |title=Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal - Bin Attash, Walid Muhammad Salih |url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/ISN10014.pdf#1 |access-date=2007-04-15 |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]}}</ref> An tuhume shida zabar da taimakawa wajen horar da masu satar da mutane da yawa na [[September 11 attacks|Hare-haren Satumba 11]]. A ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekarata 2024, Attash ya amince da yin ikirarin laifi don kauce wa hukuncin kisa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Carol |date=31 July 2024 |title=Accused Sept. 11 Plotters Agree to Plead Guilty at Guantánamo Bay |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/31/us/politics/sept-11-guilty-plea.html |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Sakataren Tsaro Lloyd Austin ya soke yarjejeniyar neman gafara bayan kwana biyu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Carol |date=2 August 2024 |title=Defense Secretary Revokes Plea Deal for Accused Sept. 11 Plotters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/02/us/politics/911-plotters-plea-deal.html |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
act196bubg05ji955flliqfp1kl4sim
559268
559267
2024-12-18T16:47:15Z
Mahuta
11340
559268
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'''Walid Muhammad Salih bin Mubarak bin Attash''' ({{langx|ar|وليد محمد صالح بن مبارك بن عتش}}; an haife shine a shekara ta alif 1978) fursuna ne na Yemen da aka tsare a sansanin tsare-tsare na Guantanamo Bay a [[Amerika]] a karkashin tuhumar da ta shafi ta'addanci kuma ana zarginsa da taka muhimmiyar rawa a farkon matakan hare-haren 9/11. Ofishin Darakta na leken asiri na kasa ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗan dangin ta'addanci". <ref name="odni14">
{{Cite web |title=Detainee Biographies |url=http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://swap.stanford.edu/20091119181208/http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf |archive-date=2009-11-19 |publisher=[[Office of the Director of National Intelligence]]}}</ref> Masu gabatar da kara na Amurka a Kwamitin soja na Guantanamo sunyi zargin cewa ya taimaka wajen shirya hare-haren bama-bamai na Ofishin Jakadancin Afirka ta Gabas na shekarar alif 1998 da kuma fashewar bama-baye na USS Cole kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsaron Osama bin Laden, inda ya sami sunan "yaro mara kyau ".<ref name="CsrtWalidMuhammadSalihAttashSummaryOfEvidence">{{Cite web |last=OARDEC |author-link=OARDEC |date=February 8, 2007 |title=Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal - Bin Attash, Walid Muhammad Salih |url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/ISN10014.pdf#1 |access-date=2007-04-15 |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]}}</ref> An tuhume shida zabar da taimakawa wajen horar da masu satar da mutane da yawa na [[September 11 attacks|Hare-haren Satumba 11]]. A ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekarata 2024, Attash ya amince da yin ikirarin laifi don kauce wa hukuncin kisa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Carol |date=31 July 2024 |title=Accused Sept. 11 Plotters Agree to Plead Guilty at Guantánamo Bay |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/31/us/politics/sept-11-guilty-plea.html |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Sakataren Tsaro Lloyd Austin ya soke yarjejeniyar neman gafara bayan kwana biyu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Carol |date=2 August 2024 |title=Defense Secretary Revokes Plea Deal for Accused Sept. 11 Plotters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/02/us/politics/911-plotters-plea-deal.html |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
4xhx9db9l87lnkaqfq0cs1qrvtk5p50
559269
559268
2024-12-18T16:47:47Z
Mahuta
11340
559269
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'''Walid Muhammad Salih bin Mubarak bin Attash''' ({{langx|ar|وليد محمد صالح بن مبارك بن عتش}}; an haife shine a shekara ta alif 1978) fursuna ne na Yemen da aka tsare a sansanin tsare-tsare na Guantanamo Bay a Amerika a karkashin tuhumar da ta shafi ta'addanci kuma ana zarginsa da taka muhimmiyar rawa a farkon matakan hare-haren 9/11. Ofishin Darakta na leken asiri na kasa ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗan dangin ta'addanci". <ref name="odni14">
{{Cite web |title=Detainee Biographies |url=http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://swap.stanford.edu/20091119181208/http://www.odni.gov/announcements/content/DetaineeBiographies.pdf |archive-date=2009-11-19 |publisher=[[Office of the Director of National Intelligence]]}}</ref> Masu gabatar da kara na Amurka a Kwamitin soja na Guantanamo sunyi zargin cewa ya taimaka wajen shirya hare-haren bama-bamai na Ofishin Jakadancin Afirka ta Gabas na shekarar alif 1998 da kuma fashewar bama-baye na USS Cole kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsaron [[Osama bin Laden]], inda ya sami sunan "yaro mara kyau ".<ref name="CsrtWalidMuhammadSalihAttashSummaryOfEvidence">{{Cite web |last=OARDEC |author-link=OARDEC |date=February 8, 2007 |title=Summary of Evidence for Combatant Status Review Tribunal - Bin Attash, Walid Muhammad Salih |url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/ISN10014.pdf#1 |access-date=2007-04-15 |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]}}</ref> An tuhume shida zabar da taimakawa wajen horar da masu satar da mutane da yawa na [[September 11 attacks|Hare-haren Satumba 11]]. A ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekarata 2024, Attash ya amince da yin ikirarin laifi don kauce wa hukuncin kisa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Carol |date=31 July 2024 |title=Accused Sept. 11 Plotters Agree to Plead Guilty at Guantánamo Bay |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/31/us/politics/sept-11-guilty-plea.html |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Sakataren Tsaro Lloyd Austin ya soke yarjejeniyar neman gafara bayan kwana biyu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Carol |date=2 August 2024 |title=Defense Secretary Revokes Plea Deal for Accused Sept. 11 Plotters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/02/us/politics/911-plotters-plea-deal.html |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
qpyz6bamxbyd9ana41it0ybur896jqx
Mashur Abdallah Muqbil Ahmed Al Sabri
0
89302
559264
559141
2024-12-18T16:46:11Z
Mahuta
11340
559264
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'''Mashur Abdallah Muqbil Ahmed Al Sabri''' (an haife shine a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta alif 1977) ɗan ƙasar [[Yemen]] ne wanda aka tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba a sansanin tsare-tsare na Guantanamo Bay na [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], a [[Cuba]] har zuwa ranar 16 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 2016. Lambar ID din mai tsare-tsare na Al Sabri a Guantanamo itace 324.
ib6a42ng0embh2je5wjr42atedm74cw
Noorullah Noori
0
89304
559262
559156
2024-12-18T16:45:08Z
Mahuta
11340
559262
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{{databox}}
Ya kuma kasance Gwamnan [[Taliban]] na lardin Balkh a lokacin mulkin suna farko (a shekarata alif 1996 zuwa shekarar 2001). Noori ya shafe sama da shekaru 12 a sansanonin tsare-tsare na Guantanamo Bay na [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], a [[Cuba]].<ref name="DoDList2">
{{Cite web |title=List of Individuals Detained by the Department of Defense at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba from January 2002 through May 15, 2006 |url=http://www.dod.mil/news/May2006/d20060515%20List.pdf |access-date=2006-05-15 |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]] |quote=}}</ref> An saki Noori daga sansanin tsare-tsare a ranar 31 ga watan Mayu, shekarata 2014, a cikin musayar fursunoni wanda ya shafi Bowe Bergdahl da Taliban Five, kuma ya tashi zuwa [[Qatar]].
Rahotanni na manema labarai na 2001 sun bayyana Janar [[Abdul Rashid Dostum|Rashid Dostum]] daya kawo Noori tare dashi lokacin da ya ziyarci rushewar sansanin Qala-i-Jangi, bayan sama da fursunoni 400 sun mutu a can a cikin abin da aka saba bayyana shi a matsayin tashin hankali na kurkuku. An ruwaito Noori ya umarci mayakan Taliban acikin ikonsa dasu mika wuya cikin lumana ga sojojin Dostum na Arewa.
Noori ta isa Guantanamo a ranar 11 ga watan Janairu, shekarata 2002, kuma an gudanar da ita a can na tsawon shekaru 12. <ref name="OfficialGuantanamoWeights">
{{Cite web |last=[[JTF-GTMO]] |date=2007-03-16 |title=Measurements of Heights and Weights of Individuals Detained by the Department of Defense at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba |url=http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/measurements/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125010428/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/detainees/measurements/ |archive-date=2009-01-25 |access-date=2008-12-22 |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]}}
</ref> <ref name="CshraHeightAndWeightTable">
{{Cite web |title=Measurements of Heights and Weights of Individuals Detained by the Department of Defense at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba (ordered and consolidated version) |url=http://humanrights.ucdavis.edu/resources/library/documents-and-reports/gtmo_heightsweights.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613004352/http://humanrights.ucdavis.edu/resources/library/documents-and-reports/gtmo_heightsweights.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-13 |publisher=[[Center for the Study of Human Rights in the Americas]], from DoD data}}</ref> Zarge-zargen da akayi amfani dasu don tabbatar da tsare shi a Guantanamo ya tabbatar da cewa shi Gwamna ne na wucin gadi na [[Jalalabad]], gwamnan wucinayon [[Mazar-i-Sharif]] da Gwamna na Lardin Balkh . Kwamitin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] na 1267 ne ya lissafa Noorullah tun daga ranar 25 ga watan Janairu, shekarata 2001.
A cikin fall of na shekarar 2011 da kuma hunturu na 2012, Amurka ta gudanar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya tare da Taliban kuma an ɓoye shi ne cewa wani muhimmin abu shi ne ci gaba da tsare Noorullah da wasu manyan Taliban guda hudu. Tattaunawar ta dogara ne akan shawarar aika da maza biyar kai tsaye zuwa [[Doha]], [[Qatar]], inda za a basu damar kafa ofishin hukuma ga Taliban.
jf3csggquuktgd029b0218nv768o5i1
Tattaunawar user:MPaul (WMF)
3
89309
559224
2024-12-18T12:31:56Z
JSutherland (WMF)
5750
JSutherland (WMF) moved page [[Tattaunawar user:MPaul (WMF)]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Mayur-WMF]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/MPaul (WMF)|MPaul (WMF)]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Mayur-WMF|Mayur-WMF]]"
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#REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:Mayur-WMF]]
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Ayyukan Ruwa na Kogin Godavari
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1177015270|Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects]]"
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[[Fayil:Godavari-river-delta.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Godavari River Delta]]
[[Fayil:Dowleswaram_Barrage.jpg|thumb|Dowleswaram Dam kusa da Rajahmundry a kan [[Kogin Godavari]]]]
[[Kogin Godavari]] yana da yankin da yake da shi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Godavari river basin map |url=http://www.kgbo-cwc.ap.nic.in/About%20Basins/Godavari.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012032632/http://www.kgbo-cwc.ap.nic.in/About%20Basins/Godavari.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2013 |access-date=30 January 2012}}</ref> a cikin jihohi bakwai na [[Indiya]]: [[Maharashtra]], [[Telangana]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] , [[Karnataka]] da [[Odisha]] . Adadin madatsun ruwa da aka gina a cikin kwandon Godavari shine mafi girma a cikin dukkan kwarin kogi a Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National register of dams in India |url=http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/New%20NRLD.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920223122/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/new%20nrld.pdf |archive-date=20 September 2016 |access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref> Kusan 350 manyan da matsakaitan madatsun ruwa da barga an gina su a cikin kogin kogin a shekara ta 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dams & barrages location map in India |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpapp.html?show=JI00410 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060209/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpapp.html?show=JI00410 |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=14 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Head works (Dam, Barrage, Weir, Anicut, Lift) |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Headworks_(Dam,_Barrage,Weir,_Anicut,_Lift) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528221639/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Headworks_(Dam,_Barrage,Weir,_Anicut,_Lift) |archive-date=28 May 2015 |access-date=30 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Major Medium Irrigation Projects in Godavari Basin |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Major_Medium_Irrigation_Projects_in_Godavari_Basin |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719172453/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Major_Medium_Irrigation_Projects_in_Godavari_Basin |archive-date=19 July 2016 |publisher=Water Resources Information System of India}}</ref>
* Jalaput
* Chintalapudi lift <ref>{{Cite web |title=Refer PPT file '11. CHLIS P (NSP)' for Chintalapudi lift |url=http://irrigationap.cgg.gov.in/wrd/polavaramReview |access-date=3 June 2017}}</ref>
* Uttarrandhra Sujala Sravanthi lift <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttarrandhra Sujala Sravanthi lift irrigation project |url=http://irrigationap.cgg.gov.in/wrd/static/approjects/babujagjeevana.html |access-date=7 June 2017}}</ref>
* Ruwa na Balimela
* [[Upper Kolab]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Upper Kolab Dam D01660 |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Upper_Kolab_Dam_D01660 |access-date=7 June 2017}}</ref>
* Tsarin Ruwa na Dummugudem
* Nizam Sagar
* Sriram Sagar ko Pochampadu
* Tashar Kakatiya
* SRSP Ambaliyar Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa
* Ruwan ruwa na Manjara
* Rashin ruwa na Manjira
* Dam din Singur
* Rashin ruwa na Shanigaram
* Rashin Ruwa na Manair
* Tsakanin Manair Dam
* Babban Madatsar ruwan Manair
* Yellampally
* Shirin Taliperu
* Babli Dam ko Babhali
* Aikin ban ruwa na Devadula
* Shirin Polavaram
* Shirin Inchampalli
* [[Sadarmat]]
[[Fayil:Alisagar_lake_panorama.jpg|alt=Alisagar lake|thumb|800x800px|Bayani mai kyau na tafkin Alisagar.]]
* Shirin ban ruwa na Alisagar
* Kaddam
* Shirin Sri Komaram Bheem
* [[Lower Tirna|Ƙananan Tirna]]
* Siddeshwar ko Purna
* Dam din Yeldari
* [[Godavari Canal|Tashar Godavari]]
* Dam din Mula
* Rashin ruwa na Bhandardara
* Dam din Isapur ko Upper Penganga
* Babbar Dudhana
* Jayakwadi ko Paithan
* Upper Pravara
* Dam din Upper Indravati<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indravati Power Station |url=http://www.ohpcltd.com/indravati/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117071948/http://www.ohpcltd.com/indravati/index.htm |archive-date=17 November 2006 |publisher=Orissa Hydro power Corporation Ltd.}}</ref>
* Upper Wain Ganga (Bheemgarh Dam)
* Ruwan ruwa na Upper Wardha
* Rashin ruwa na Wardha
* Dam din Majalgaon
* Rashin ruwa na Ghatghar
* Dam din Upper Vaitarana
* [[Vishnupuri Barrage|Rashin ruwa na Vishnupuri]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2014 |title=Vishnupuri Barrage B00473 |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Vishnupuri_Barrage_B00473 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721174902/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Vishnupuri_Barrage_B00473 |archive-date=21 July 2016 |access-date=21 July 2016 |publisher=Water Resources Information System of India}}</ref>
* Sirpur Dam ko tafkin Bagh
* Gosi kd Dam ko Gosi Kund dam
* Dam din Totladoh
* Dam din Yeldari
* Dam din Kamthikhairy ko madatsar ruwan Pench
* Dam din Erai
* Dam din Tultuli
* Rashin ruwa na Arunawati
* Rashin Wunna ko Wadgaon
* Ruwan ruwa na Manar
* Rashin Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa
* Dam din Ramtek
* [[Pench diversion Project|Shirin karkatar da Pench]], Madhya Pradesh <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pench Diversion Project JI00945 |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Pench_Diversion_Major_Irrigation_Project_JI00945 |access-date=2 April 2016}}</ref>
== Dubi kuma ==
* [[Madhya Pradesh|Kogin Kogin a Madhya Pradesh]]
* Kotun Rashin Ruwa ta Godavari
* Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Maharashtra
* Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Andhra Pradesh
* Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Telangana
* Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Indiya
== Haɗin waje ==
* Don Ayyukan ban ruwa a Maharashtra, duba http://www.mahagovid.org/maha_dams.htm An adana shi
* [http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6626e/x6626e11.htm Aikin matukin jirgi na Majalgaon]
* https://web.archive.org/web/20050404205051/http://ceamt.vidcngp.com/pro/index.htm
* https://web.archive.org/web/20050406062502/http://www.godavarimahamandal.com/
* Don Ayyukan ban ruwa a Madhya Pradesh, duba: <nowiki>http://www.mp.nic.in/wrd/Comp_Works/SRLD/SRL</nowiki> D_index.asp%5B %5D<nowiki/>http://www.mp.nic.in/wrd/Comp_Works/SRLD/SRLD_index.asp{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030118213232/http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop/EFS/lores.pl?PHOTO=STS055-74-T Kogin Godavari Delta]
* [https://www.scribd.com/doc/58795771/Godavari-Water-Dispute-Tribunal-Report Yarjejeniyar raba ruwan kogin Godavari]
* [https://www.scribd.com/doc/66801452/Interstate-River-Water-Disputes-Act Dokar rikice-rikicen ruwa ta kogi - 1956 da tanadinta na doka]
== manazarta ==
{{Reflist|2}}{{Godavari basin}}{{Dams and reservoirs in India}}{{Dams and Reservoirs}}{{Waters of South Asia}}
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[[Fayil:Godavari-river-delta.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Godavari River Delta]]
[[Fayil:Dowleswaram_Barrage.jpg|thumb|Dowleswaram Dam kusa da Rajahmundry a kan [[Kogin Godavari]]]]
[[Kogin Godavari]] yana da yankin da yake da shi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Godavari river basin map |url=http://www.kgbo-cwc.ap.nic.in/About%20Basins/Godavari.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012032632/http://www.kgbo-cwc.ap.nic.in/About%20Basins/Godavari.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2013 |access-date=30 January 2012}}</ref> a cikin jihohi bakwai na [[Indiya]]: [[Maharashtra]], [[Telangana]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] , [[Karnataka]] da [[Odisha]] . Adadin madatsun ruwa da aka gina a cikin kwandon Godavari shine mafi girma a cikin dukkan kwarin kogi a Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National register of dams in India |url=http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/New%20NRLD.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920223122/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/new%20nrld.pdf |archive-date=20 September 2016 |access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref> Kusan 350 manyan da matsakaitan madatsun ruwa da barga an gina su a cikin kogin kogin a shekara ta 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dams & barrages location map in India |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpapp.html?show=JI00410 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060209/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpapp.html?show=JI00410 |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=14 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Head works (Dam, Barrage, Weir, Anicut, Lift) |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Headworks_(Dam,_Barrage,Weir,_Anicut,_Lift) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528221639/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Headworks_(Dam,_Barrage,Weir,_Anicut,_Lift) |archive-date=28 May 2015 |access-date=30 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Major Medium Irrigation Projects in Godavari Basin |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Major_Medium_Irrigation_Projects_in_Godavari_Basin |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719172453/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Major_Medium_Irrigation_Projects_in_Godavari_Basin |archive-date=19 July 2016 |publisher=Water Resources Information System of India}}</ref>
* Jalaput
* Chintalapudi lift <ref>{{Cite web |title=Refer PPT file '11. CHLIS P (NSP)' for Chintalapudi lift |url=http://irrigationap.cgg.gov.in/wrd/polavaramReview |access-date=3 June 2017}}</ref>
* Uttarrandhra Sujala Sravanthi lift <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttarrandhra Sujala Sravanthi lift irrigation project |url=http://irrigationap.cgg.gov.in/wrd/static/approjects/babujagjeevana.html |access-date=7 June 2017}}</ref>
* Ruwa na Balimela
* [[Upper Kolab]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Upper Kolab Dam D01660 |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Upper_Kolab_Dam_D01660 |access-date=7 June 2017}}</ref>
* Tsarin Ruwa na Dummugudem
* Nizam Sagar
* Sriram Sagar ko Pochampadu
* Tashar Kakatiya
* SRSP Ambaliyar Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa
* Ruwan ruwa na Manjara
* Rashin ruwa na Manjira
* Dam din Singur
* Rashin ruwa na Shanigaram
* Rashin Ruwa na Manair
* Tsakanin Manair Dam
* Babban Madatsar ruwan Manair
* Yellampally
* Shirin Taliperu
* Babli Dam ko Babhali
* Aikin ban ruwa na Devadula
* Shirin Polavaram
* Shirin Inchampalli
* [[Sadarmat]]
[[Fayil:Alisagar_lake_panorama.jpg|alt=Alisagar lake|thumb|800x800px|Bayani mai kyau na tafkin Alisagar.]]
* Shirin ban ruwa na Alisagar
* Kaddam
* Shirin Sri Komaram Bheem
* [[Lower Tirna|Ƙananan Tirna]]
* Siddeshwar ko Purna
* Dam din Yeldari
* [[Godavari Canal|Tashar Godavari]]
* Dam din Mula
* Rashin ruwa na Bhandardara
* Dam din Isapur ko Upper Penganga
* Babbar Dudhana
* Jayakwadi ko Paithan
* Upper Pravara
* Dam din Upper Indravati<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indravati Power Station |url=http://www.ohpcltd.com/indravati/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117071948/http://www.ohpcltd.com/indravati/index.htm |archive-date=17 November 2006 |publisher=Orissa Hydro power Corporation Ltd.}}</ref>
* Upper Wain Ganga (Bheemgarh Dam)
* Ruwan ruwa na Upper Wardha
* Rashin ruwa na Wardha
* Dam din Majalgaon
* Rashin ruwa na Ghatghar
* Dam din Upper Vaitarana
* [[Vishnupuri Barrage|Rashin ruwa na Vishnupuri]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2014 |title=Vishnupuri Barrage B00473 |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Vishnupuri_Barrage_B00473 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721174902/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Vishnupuri_Barrage_B00473 |archive-date=21 July 2016 |access-date=21 July 2016 |publisher=Water Resources Information System of India}}</ref>
* Sirpur Dam ko tafkin Bagh
* Gosi kd Dam ko Gosi Kund dam
* Dam din Totladoh
* Dam din Yeldari
* Dam din Kamthikhairy ko madatsar ruwan Pench
* Dam din Erai
* Dam din Tultuli
* Rashin ruwa na Arunawati
* Rashin Wunna ko Wadgaon
* Ruwan ruwa na Manar
* Rashin Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa
* Dam din Ramtek
* [[Pench diversion Project|Shirin karkatar da Pench]], Madhya Pradesh <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pench Diversion Project JI00945 |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Pench_Diversion_Major_Irrigation_Project_JI00945 |access-date=2 April 2016}}</ref>
== Dubi kuma ==
* [[Madhya Pradesh|Kogin Kogin a Madhya Pradesh]]
* Kotun Rashin Ruwa ta Godavari
* Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Maharashtra
* Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Andhra Pradesh
* Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Telangana
* Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Indiya
== Haɗin waje ==
* Don Ayyukan ban ruwa a Maharashtra, duba http://www.mahagovid.org/maha_dams.htm An adana shi
* [http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6626e/x6626e11.htm Aikin matukin jirgi na Majalgaon]
* https://web.archive.org/web/20050404205051/http://ceamt.vidcngp.com/pro/index.htm
* https://web.archive.org/web/20050406062502/http://www.godavarimahamandal.com/
* Don Ayyukan ban ruwa a Madhya Pradesh, duba: <nowiki>http://www.mp.nic.in/wrd/Comp_Works/SRLD/SRL</nowiki> D_index.asp%5B %5D<nowiki/>http://www.mp.nic.in/wrd/Comp_Works/SRLD/SRLD_index.asp{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030118213232/http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop/EFS/lores.pl?PHOTO=STS055-74-T Kogin Godavari Delta]
* [https://www.scribd.com/doc/58795771/Godavari-Water-Dispute-Tribunal-Report Yarjejeniyar raba ruwan kogin Godavari]
* [https://www.scribd.com/doc/66801452/Interstate-River-Water-Disputes-Act Dokar rikice-rikicen ruwa ta kogi - 1956 da tanadinta na doka]
== manazarta ==
{{Reflist|2}}{{Godavari basin}}{{Dams and reservoirs in India}}{{Dams and Reservoirs}}{{Waters of South Asia}}
oldllhjezeo3wyrrcwka1ckmu6njex4
Kiristanci a Jihar Kano
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Gwanki
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1223536733|Christianity in Kano State]]"
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'''Kiristoci''' ƴan tsiraru ne a '''Jihar Kano''', Najeriya, inda [[Shari'a]] ke da inganci amma Shari'a bata shafar kowane Kirista a aiwatar da addininsu kamar yadda aka bayyana a Sashe na 38 (1) na kundin tsarin mulki na 1999 da Mataki na 18 na Universal Declaration of Human Rights, wanda ya ba da: "Kowane mutum zai sami ƴancin tunani, lamiri da addini, gami da' yancin canza addininsa ko imani, da kuma a cikin al'umma ko a cikin sirri) don bayyanawa da yada addininsa ko imani da shi a cikin bauta, koyarwa, aiki da kiyayewa. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=http://www.nigeria-law.org/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Nigeria-law.org}}</ref> Rikicin tsakanin addinai a Najeriya yana faruwa a cikin jihar, amma Gwamnatin Jihar Kano tana ƙoƙarin ɗaukar mataki mai sauri don manufar maido da zaman lafiya, tare da Sojojin 'yan sanda na Najeriya ([http://psc.gov.ng/ NPF]). <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2015 |title=Emir Of Kano, Sanusi Lamido, To Rebuild Burnt Baptist Church In Kano |url=http://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/news/emir-of-kano-sanusi-lamido-to-rebuild-burnt-baptist-church-in-kano |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Naijaloaded.com.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndimele |first=Manuel |date=5 July 2015 |title=Christians Were Not Banned From Churches |url=https://www.naij.com/479434-kano-govt-responds-to-claims-christians-were-banned-from-churches.html |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Naij.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2015 |title=Kano Govt. debunks rumour on stopping Christians from going to Church on Sundays - Vanguard News |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/07/kano-govt-debunks-rumour-on-stopping-christians-from-going-to-church-on-sundays/ |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Vanguardngr.com}}</ref> 'Yan mata masu karatu na Kirista na makarantun gwamnati da masu zaman kansu suna da' yancin yin amfani da irin tufafi bisa ga ƙa'idar tufafi na makarantu. mmA SKSS SNSKS SNSKS SJSKSN BSJSSNS JDKD DJSOS DBDODSJD DBJEOEDD DJCOFT FHIWWB WKWKW DJSKWW S SIWJ SSJSJE SHSIWJR RVWKKQWE EKWKWB SD ISSID D SIWB EJSKWE SKS<ref>{{Cite web |title=KANO STATE GOVERNMENT |url=http://www.gamji.com/article6000/NEWS7305.htm |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Gamji.com}}</ref>
== Duba kuma ==
* Diocese na Roman Katolika na Kano
== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Jihar Kano]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristoci yan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristancìì]]
qlwtclwynrhmyrreaylcv16fu4rndf4
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'''Kiristoci''' ƴan tsiraru ne a '''Jihar Kano''', Najeriya, inda [[Shari'a]] ke da inganci amma Shari'a bata shafar kowane Kirista a aiwatar da addininsu kamar yadda aka bayyana a Sashe na 38 (1) na kundin tsarin mulki na 1999 da Mataki na 18 na Universal Declaration of Human Rights, wanda ya ba da: "Kowane mutum zai sami ƴancin tunani, lamiri da addini, gami da' yancin canza addininsa ko imani, da kuma a cikin al'umma ko a cikin sirri) don bayyanawa da yada addininsa ko imani da shi a cikin bauta, koyarwa, aiki da kiyayewa. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=http://www.nigeria-law.org/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Nigeria-law.org}}</ref> Rikicin tsakanin addinai a Najeriya yana faruwa a cikin jihar, amma Gwamnatin Jihar Kano tana ƙoƙarin ɗaukar mataki mai sauri don manufar maido da zaman lafiya, tare da Sojojin 'yan sanda na Najeriya ([http://psc.gov.ng/ NPF]). <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2015 |title=Emir Of Kano, Sanusi Lamido, To Rebuild Burnt Baptist Church In Kano |url=http://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/news/emir-of-kano-sanusi-lamido-to-rebuild-burnt-baptist-church-in-kano |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Naijaloaded.com.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndimele |first=Manuel |date=5 July 2015 |title=Christians Were Not Banned From Churches |url=https://www.naij.com/479434-kano-govt-responds-to-claims-christians-were-banned-from-churches.html |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Naij.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2015 |title=Kano Govt. debunks rumour on stopping Christians from going to Church on Sundays - Vanguard News |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/07/kano-govt-debunks-rumour-on-stopping-christians-from-going-to-church-on-sundays/ |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Vanguardngr.com}}</ref> 'Yan mata masu karatu na Kirista na makarantun gwamnati da masu zaman kansu suna da' yancin yin amfani da irin tufafi bisa ga ƙa'idar tufafi na makarantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KANO STATE GOVERNMENT |url=http://www.gamji.com/article6000/NEWS7305.htm |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Gamji.com}}</ref>
== Duba kuma ==
* Diocese na Roman Katolika na Kano
== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Jihar Kano]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristoci yan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristancìì]]
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'''Kiristoci''' ƴan tsiraru ne a '''Jihar Kano''', Najeriya, inda [[Shari'a]] ke da inganci amma Shari'a bata shafar kowane Kirista a aiwatar da addininsu kamar yadda aka bayyana a Sashe na 38 (1) na kundin tsarin mulki na 1999 da Mataki na 18 na Universal Declaration of Human Rights, wanda ya ba da: "Kowane mutum zai sami ƴancin tunani, lamiri da addini, gami da' yancin canza addininsa ko imani, da kuma a cikin al'umma ko a cikin sirri) don bayyanawa da yada addininsa ko imani da shi a cikin bauta, koyarwa, aiki da kiyayewa. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=http://www.nigeria-law.org/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Nigeria-law.org}}</ref> Rikicin tsakanin addinai a Najeriya yana faruwa a cikin jihar, amma Gwamnatin Jihar Kano tana ƙoƙarin ɗaukar mataki mai sauri don manufar maido da zaman lafiya, tare da Sojojin 'yan sanda na Najeriya ([http://psc.gov.ng/ NPF]). <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2015 |title=Emir Of Kano, Sanusi Lamido, To Rebuild Burnt Baptist Church In Kano |url=http://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/news/emir-of-kano-sanusi-lamido-to-rebuild-burnt-baptist-church-in-kano |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Naijaloaded.com.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndimele |first=Manuel |date=5 July 2015 |title=Christians Were Not Banned From Churches |url=https://www.naij.com/479434-kano-govt-responds-to-claims-christians-were-banned-from-churches.html |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Naij.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2015 |title=Kano Govt. debunks rumour on stopping Christians from going to Church on Sundays - Vanguard News |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/07/kano-govt-debunks-rumour-on-stopping-christians-from-going-to-church-on-sundays/ |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Vanguardngr.com}}</ref> 'Yan mata masu karatu na Kirista na makarantun gwamnati da masu zaman kansu suna da' yancin yin amfani da irin tufafi bisa ga ƙa'idar tufafi na makarantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KANO STATE GOVERNMENT |url=http://www.gamji.com/article6000/NEWS7305.htm |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Gamji.com}}</ref>
== Duba kuma ==
* Diocese na Roman Katolika na Kano
== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Jihar Kano]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristoci yan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristancìì]]
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Diocese na Roman Katolika na Kano
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1254562670|Roman Catholic Diocese of Kano]]"
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Roman Catholic diocese of Kano (Latin: ) wani diocese ne da ke cikin birnin Kano a cikin lardin Kaduna a Najeriya .
== Tarihi ==
* Maris 22, 1991: An kafa shi a matsayin Ofishin Jakadancin "sui iuris" na Kano daga Babban Birnin Kaduna
* Disamba 15, 1995: An inganta shi a matsayin Vicariate na Apostolic na Kano
* Afrilu 22, 1999: An inganta shi a matsayin Diocese na Kano
== Coci na musamman ==
Cocin shine Cocin Our Lady of Fatima a Kano .
== Jagora ==
* Babban Ikilisiya na Kano (Rukunin Roman)
** Ɗaukowa. [[John Francis Brown]], S.M.A. (1991 - 1995)
* Vicar Apostolic na Kano (Ranar Roman)
** Bishop Patrick Francis Sheehan, O.S.A. (1996.07.05 - 1999.06.22 ''duba ƙasa'')
* Bishops na Kano (Rukunin Roman)
** Bishop Patrick Francis Sheehan, O.S.A. (''duba sama'' 1999-2008)
** Bishop [[John Namawzah Niyiring]], O.S.A., tun daga 20 Maris 2008
== Dubi kuma ==
* Roman Katolika a Najeriya
== Haɗin waje ==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/kano0.htm Bayani na GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkano.html Shugabannin Katolika]
* Our Lady of Fatima Cathedral Parish a Kano, Najeriya An adana shi 2013-06-24 a
[[Rukuni:Kiristoci yan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristoci]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristancìì]]
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'''Diocese na Roman Katolika na Kano''' (Latin:'''Roman Catholic diocese of Kano''') wani diocese ne da ke cikin birnin Kano a cikin lardin Kaduna a Najeriya .
== Tarihi ==
* Maris 22, 1991: An kafa shi a matsayin Ofishin Jakadancin "sui iuris" na Kano daga Babban Birnin Kaduna
* Disamba 15, 1995: An inganta shi a matsayin Vicariate na Apostolic na Kano
* Afrilu 22, 1999: An inganta shi a matsayin Diocese na Kano
== Coci na musamman ==
Cocin shine Cocin Our Lady of Fatima a Kano .
== Jagora ==
* Babban Ikilisiya na Kano (Rukunin Roman)
** Ɗaukowa. [[John Francis Brown]], S.M.A. (1991 - 1995)
* Vicar Apostolic na Kano (Ranar Roman)
** Bishop Patrick Francis Sheehan, O.S.A. (1996.07.05 - 1999.06.22 ''duba ƙasa'')
* Bishops na Kano (Rukunin Roman)
** Bishop Patrick Francis Sheehan, O.S.A. (''duba sama'' 1999-2008)
** Bishop [[John Namawzah Niyiring]], O.S.A., tun daga 20 Maris 2008
== Dubi kuma ==
* Roman Katolika a Najeriya
== Haɗin waje ==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/kano0.htm Bayani na GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkano.html Shugabannin Katolika]
* Our Lady of Fatima Cathedral Parish a Kano, Najeriya An adana shi 2013-06-24 a
[[Rukuni:Kiristoci yan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristoci]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristancìì]]
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'''Diocese na Roman Katolika na Kano''' (Latin:'''Roman Catholic diocese of Kano''') wani diocese ne da ke cikin birnin Kano a cikin lardin Kaduna a Najeriya .
== Tarihi ==
* Maris 22, 1991: An kafa shi a matsayin Ofishin Jakadancin "sui iuris" na Kano daga Babban Birnin Kaduna
* Disamba 15, 1995: An inganta shi a matsayin Vicariate na Apostolic na Kano
* Afrilu 22, 1999: An inganta shi a matsayin Diocese na Kano
== Coci na musamman ==
Cocin shine Cocin Our Lady of Fatima a Kano .
== Jagora ==
* Babban Ikilisiya na Kano (Rukunin Roman)
** Ɗaukowa. [[John Francis Brown]], S.M.A. (1991 - 1995)
* Vicar Apostolic na Kano (Ranar Roman)
** Bishop Patrick Francis Sheehan, O.S.A. (1996.07.05 - 1999.06.22 ''duba ƙasa'')
* Bishops na Kano (Rukunin Roman)
** Bishop Patrick Francis Sheehan, O.S.A. (''duba sama'' 1999-2008)
** Bishop [[John Namawzah Niyiring]], O.S.A., tun daga 20 Maris 2008
== Dubi kuma ==
* Roman Katolika a Najeriya
== Haɗin waje ==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/kano0.htm Bayani na GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkano.html Shugabannin Katolika]
* Our Lady of Fatima Cathedral Parish a Kano, Najeriya An adana shi 2013-06-24 a
[[Rukuni:Kiristoci yan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristoci]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristancìì]]
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/* Dubi kuma */
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'''Diocese na Roman Katolika na Kano''' (Latin:'''Roman Catholic diocese of Kano''') wani diocese ne da ke cikin birnin Kano a cikin lardin Kaduna a Najeriya .
== Tarihi ==
* Maris 22, 1991: An kafa shi a matsayin Ofishin Jakadancin "sui iuris" na Kano daga Babban Birnin Kaduna
* Disamba 15, 1995: An inganta shi a matsayin Vicariate na Apostolic na Kano
* Afrilu 22, 1999: An inganta shi a matsayin Diocese na Kano
== Coci na musamman ==
Cocin shine Cocin Our Lady of Fatima a Kano .
== Jagora ==
* Babban Ikilisiya na Kano (Rukunin Roman)
** Ɗaukowa. [[John Francis Brown]], S.M.A. (1991 - 1995)
* Vicar Apostolic na Kano (Ranar Roman)
** Bishop Patrick Francis Sheehan, O.S.A. (1996.07.05 - 1999.06.22 ''duba ƙasa'')
* Bishops na Kano (Rukunin Roman)
** Bishop Patrick Francis Sheehan, O.S.A. (''duba sama'' 1999-2008)
** Bishop [[John Namawzah Niyiring]], O.S.A., tun daga 20 Maris 2008
== Dubi kuma ==
* [[Roman Katolika a Najeriya]]
== Haɗin waje ==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/kano0.htm Bayani na GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkano.html Shugabannin Katolika]
* Our Lady of Fatima Cathedral Parish a Kano, Najeriya An adana shi 2013-06-24 a
[[Rukuni:Kiristoci yan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristoci]]
[[Rukuni:Kiristancìì]]
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Kogin Bear (Ruwa na Kogin Feather)
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1178060143|Bear River (Feather River tributary)]]"
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'''Kogin Bear''' wani yanki ne na Kogin Feather a cikin [[Nevada County, California|Nevada]]_(U.S.)" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada, yana kewaye da yankuna huɗu na [[California]]: Yuba, Sutter, Placer, da Nevada . Kimanin kilomita 73 (kilomita 117) tsawo, kogin yana gudana gabaɗaya daga kudu maso yamma ta hanyar Sierra sannan yamma ta hanyar Kwarin Tsakiya, yana zubar da ruwa mai zurfi na murabba'in kilomita (kilomitara 760).
Ofishin Kula da Lafiya na Muhalli na California ya ba da shawara mai aminci ga duk wani kifi da aka kama a cikin Kogin Bear saboda matakan mercury masu yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=OEHHA |date=September 25, 2018 |title=Bear River |url=https://oehha.ca.gov/advisories/bear-river |access-date=November 6, 2018 |website=OEHHA}}</ref>
== Yanayin ƙasa ==
[[Fayil:Emigrant_Gap_-_Flickr_-_Joe_Parks.jpg|left|thumb|Ruwan ruwa a kwarin Bear, wanda aka gani daga Emigrant Gap]]
Kogin Bear ya samo asali ne a Emigrant Gap, a matsayin karamin rafi a kan iyakar Nevada da Placer Counties a cikin Tahoe National Forest. Ruwan ruwa suna kan tudu nan da nan zuwa kudancin Kogin Yuba na Kudu da arewacin Kogin North Fork American. Kogin yana gudana zuwa yamma zuwa cikin kwarin Bear sannan ya shiga wani zurfi da kuma kunkuntar gorge, yana wucewa cikin al'ummar Dutch Flat. Ci gaba tare da layin Nevada-Placer County yana karɓar Steephollow Creek daga arewa kafin ya faɗaɗa zuwa cikin Rollins Reservoir, wanda aka kafa ta {{Convert|242|ft|m}} high Rollins Dam gabashin Chicago Park. Yayinda yake wani ɓangare na tafkin, kogin ya haɗu da Greenhorn Creek daga arewa.
A ƙasa da madatsar ruwan kogin yana gudana daga kudu maso yamma ta hanyar tuddai na Sierra, bayan Colfax da Meadow Vista, ta hanyar Lake Combie da kuma gajeren amma mai tsawo a saman Garden Bar. Ba da daɗewa ba ya faɗaɗa zuwa Camp Far West Reservoir, inda ya fara bayyana iyakar Placer-Yuba County. Ƙarin yamma yana gudana cikin Kwarin Sacramento inda ya zama babban ambaliyar ruwa. Farawa a Wheatland ya zama iyakar Yuba da Sutter Counties. A 'yan mil a ƙasa da wannan batu yana karɓar Dry Creek daga arewa, sannan yana gudana cikin Kogin Feather a Nicolaus, mil 11 (18 sama da haɗuwar Feather tare da Kogin Sacramento mafi girma, kuma kimanin mil 20 (32 saboda kudancin Yuba City-Marysville.
Tare da kwararar shekara-shekara na 410 cubic feet a kowace dakika (12 m a Wheatland, Bear shine mafi ƙanƙanta babban mai ba da gudummawa na Kogin Feather. Ruwan wata-wata yana daga 1,1 cubic feet a kowace dakika ( " data-ve-ignore="true">m a watan Maris zuwa 20 cubic feet da kowace dakika (0.57 m3/s). <ref>{{Cite web |title=USGS Surface Water data for USA: USGS Surface-Water Monthly Statistics |url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/monthly/?referred_module=sw&site_no=11424000&por_11424000_1=2209695,00060,1,1928-10,2014-10&format=html_table&date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&rdb_compression=file&submitted_form=parameter_selection_list |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref> Saboda ruwan Kogin Bear yana da ƙananan tsawo idan aka kwatanta da sauran kogunan Sierra, ruwan sama, ba dusar ƙanƙara ba, shine babban tushen runoff. Har ila yau, yawan kwararar yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar madatsun ruwa da yawa a kan kogi.
== Ilimin ƙasa ==
Kogin Bear an dauke shi rafi mara kyau, kamar yadda ya fi girma, kogin da ke cike da dusar ƙanƙara ya gudana ta hanyar tashinsa a zamanin d ̄ a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River Awakening – Geology |url=http://bearriver.us/geology.php |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Bearriver.us}}</ref> Miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata saman Kogin Yuba na Kudu (sama da Tafkin Spaulding) ya gudana cikin Kogin Bear a Emigrant Gap . Fashin teku na rafi, mai yiwuwa ya taimaka da glaciation a lokacin Ice Ages, ya sa aka "kama" saman Bear a cikin ruwan Yuba zuwa arewa kuma ya rage Bear da kimanin kilomita 25 (40 a sakamakon haka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River Geomorphology |url=http://bearriver.us/docs/geomorph.pdf |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Bearriver.us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://people.cas.sc.edu/ajames/Research/Pubs/1James1995.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200243/http://people.cas.sc.edu/ajames/Research/Pubs/1James1995.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref>
== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Hydraulic_mining_in_Dutch_Flat,_California,_between_1857_and_1870.jpg|right|thumb|Masu hakar ma'adinai na zinariya ta amfani da hakar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa don tono wani dutse mai lalacewa tare da jets na ruwa a Dutch Flat, California, wani lokaci tsakanin 1857 da 1870.]]
Yankin Kogin Bear ya daɗe yana gida ga mutanen Nisenan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nisenan |url=https://www.nisenan.org/ |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=Nisenan |language=en-US}}</ref>
Gidansa yana cikin Ƙasar Zinariya ta California kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna masu arziki na karni na 19 na California Gold Rush . Manyan wuraren hakar ma'adinai a cikin kogin Bear sun hada da You Bet, Red Dog, Dutch Flat, Gold Run, Waloupa, Little York, da Chalk Bluff .
Yawancin ƙasa a cikin kogin Bear sun canza sosai ta hanyar hakar ruwa. A You Bet da Red Dog an wanke "47,000,000 cubic yards (36,000,000 m3) na dutse mai ɗauke da zinariya; a Dutch Flat 105,000,000 cubic yadudduka (80,000,000 m3); kuma a Gold Run 128,000,000 cubic yard (98,000,000 m3). <ref name="McPhee2010">{{Cite book|last3=John McPhee}}</ref>
== Injiniya ==
An yi amfani da Kogin Bear sosai kuma an karkatar da shi don ban ruwa, samar da ruwa na gida, da samar da wutar lantarki. Kogin ya karu sosai ta hanyar karkatarwa daga babban tafkin Kogin Yuba zuwa arewa, ta hanyar Drum-Spaulding Hydroelectric Project da Yuba-Bear Hydroele Electric Project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yuba-Bear and Drum-Spaulding Hydroelectric Project |url=http://www.hdrinc.com/portfolio/yuba-bear-and-drum-spaulding-hydroelectric-project-relicensings |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Hdrinc.com}}</ref> Tsohon, wanda aka kammala a cikin 1910s da farko don samar da wutar lantarki mallakar PG&amp;E ne; Gundumar Ruwa ta Nevada (NID) ce ta gina ƙarshen a cikin 1960s. Kodayake ana amfani da ayyukan daban-daban guda biyu, tsarin rikitarwa na wasu tafkuna 40 a Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Kudancin Yuba da kuma kan Kogin Bear yana da alaƙa sosai, kuma yana aiki a matsayin ɗaya.
{{Convert|200000|acre feet|km3}} <ref name="diversions">{{Cite web |title={title} |url=http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608110947/http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |archive-date=June 8, 2015 |access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref> na ruwa daga Kogin Yuba yana shiga cikin Kogin Bear ta hanyar Drum Canal, wanda ramin tafkin Spaulding ke ciyar da shi. <ref name="schematic">{{Cite web |title=Modeling Schematic of Projects |url=http://www.eurekasw.com/NID/Project%20Maps%20and%20Figures/Yuba-Bear%20Project%20Flow%20Schematic%20and%20Fact%20Sheet/Yuba-Bear%20and%20Drum%20Spaulding%20Projects%20Schematic%20%28Modeling%20Version%29.pdf |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Eurekasw.com}}</ref> Mafi girman madatsun ruwa a Kogin Bear suna a Dutch Flat Forebay da Dutch Flat Afterbay, duka ƙananan madatsun ruwa na karkatar da wutar lantarki. Ruwa daga kogin Bear na sama da Drum Canal suna wucewa ta waɗannan madatsun ruwa kuma suna fitar da wutar lantarki a Drum, Dutch Flat da Chicago Park.
A ƙasan Gidan Wutar Wutar Lantarki na Chicago Park, a mahaɗin Greenhorn Creek, Rollins Dam ne ya kama kogin Bear, wanda ya samar da {{Convert|66000|acre feet|km3}} tafki. Tafkin yana tanadin ruwa don ban ruwa da wutar lantarki, kuma yana yin amfani da muhimmiyar manufar tarko da ruwa daga aikin hakar ma'adinan ruwa na farko a cikin babban kogin Bear. Kai tsaye a ƙasan Rollins Dam ya ta'allaka ne da Dam ɗin Diversion River, wanda ke karkatar da kusan {{Convert|290000|acre feet|km3}} na ruwa a kowace shekara a cikin Kogin Bear River Canal, wanda ke ba da dama ga al'ummomin karkara a cikin Placer County tsakanin Colfax da Auburn . <ref name="diversions">{{Cite web |title={title} |url=http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608110947/http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |archive-date=June 8, 2015 |access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref> Ruwan da ya wuce kima daga magudanar ruwa yana shiga rafin kogin Amurka ta wani gidan wuta a tafkin Folsom . <ref name="schematic">{{Cite web |title=Modeling Schematic of Projects |url=http://www.eurekasw.com/NID/Project%20Maps%20and%20Figures/Yuba-Bear%20Project%20Flow%20Schematic%20and%20Fact%20Sheet/Yuba-Bear%20and%20Drum%20Spaulding%20Projects%20Schematic%20%28Modeling%20Version%29.pdf |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Eurekasw.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River Canal has 150-plus year history |url=http://www.colfaxrecord.com/article/bear-river-canal-has-150-plus-year-history |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Colfaxrecord.com}}</ref>
=== Dam proposals ===
A watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, an bayyana aikin madatsar ruwa na Kogin Bear a karkashin binciken wani rukuni na gundumomin ruwa na waje. Gundumar Ruwa ta Kudu Sutter (Trowbridge), tare da biranen Napa, American Canyon, da Palmdale, Hukumar Ruwa ta Castaic Lake, da Gundumar ruwa ta San Bernardino Valley, sun ba da binciken farko game da sanya sabon madatsar ruwa a arewacin yanzu Camp Far West Reservoir da kudancin Combie da Rollins reservations da ke sama. Dam din zai kasance a cikin gundumar ruwa ta NID (Nevada Irrigation District) kuma zai ambaliya sassan Nevada County da Placer County. Za a gabatar da madatsar ruwan Garden Bar a wuraren da aka riga aka ware a matsayin wuraren kiyayewa da wuraren namun daji, kuma tafkin da ya haifar zai mamaye mazaunin namun daji da itacen oak da savannah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2011 |title=Controversy Mounts Around Proposed Garden Bar Dam on Bear River |url=http://yubanet.com/regional/Controversy-Mounts-Around-Proposed-Garden-Bar-Dam-on-Bear-River.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928032027/http://yubanet.com/regional/Controversy-Mounts-Around-Proposed-Garden-Bar-Dam-on-Bear-River.php |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Yuba Net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 5, 2011 |title=Sierra Watch Comments on Bear River Dam Report |url=http://sierrafoothillsreport.com/2011/07/05/sierra-watch-comments-on-bear-river-dam-report/ |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Sierra Foothills Report}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River, Map of proposed reservoir at Garden Bar |url=http://www.sierrawatch.org/preservation-campaigns/bear-river/index.html |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Sierra Watch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 27, 2011 |title=Backers Up Garden Bar Dam Ante, Raising New Concerns |url=http://aquafornia.com/archives/52536 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814164243/http://aquafornia.com/archives/52536 |archive-date=August 14, 2011 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Aquafornia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 5, 2011 |title=Garden Bar Preliminary Study |url=http://gardenbarwater.com/documentsandnotices/documents.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331065424/http://gardenbarwater.com/documentsandnotices/documents.php |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |website=Documents & Notices |publisher=Gardenbarwater.com}}</ref>
Saboda da cewa ruwan da zai cika babban tafkin da aka tsara (,000 zuwa 400,000 acre-feet (,000,000 zuwa 493,000,000 m3), bisa ga binciken, mafi girman zaɓi zai zama murabba'in kilomita 3 (7.8 )) an riga an rarraba shi don tabkuna na yanzu ta madatsun ruwa a kan Kogin Bear a Camp Far West, Combie, da Rollins, ainihin yiwuwar aikin yana da hasashe, kuma ya haifar da shakku game da ainihin manufar tayin.
Wani bayani daga binciken ya ce"Rashin Ruwa: Rahoton ya amince da kasancewar "batutuwa da yawa da za a buƙaci warwarewa don tabbatar da kasancewar wannan ruwa da ikon isar da wani ɓangare na shi ta hanyar Delta, idan ana so. "
Saboda rashin hujja na tattalin arziki da adawa daga ƙungiyar kiyayewa, Sierra Watch, amintattun ƙasa na gida, ranchers, da kwamitin masu kula da duka Placer da Nevada Counties, gundumar ruwa ta bar madatsar ruwan da aka tsara a watan Yulin 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2011 |title=Sierra Watch: South Sutter Water District Releases Bear River Dam Report |url=http://yubanet.com/regional/Sierra-Watch-South-Sutter-Water-District-Releases-Bear-River-Dam-Report.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907125056/http://yubanet.com/regional/Sierra-Watch-South-Sutter-Water-District-Releases-Bear-River-Dam-Report.php |archive-date=September 7, 2011 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Yuba Net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2011 |title=Nevada County joins Placer in opposing Garden Bar dam on Bear River |url=http://www.auburnjournal.com/article/nevada-county-joins-placer-opposing-garden-bar-dam-bear-river |access-date=May 31, 2018 |website=Auburn Journal.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 13, 2012 |title=Water district drops Garden Bar Dam proposal |url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/water-district-drops-garden-bar-dam-proposal/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear Yuba Land Trust :: Water District Drops Garden Bar Dam Proposal |url=http://www.bylt.org/index.php/about/news/current-news/water-district-drops-garden-bar-dam-proposal/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608112500/http://www.bylt.org/index.php/about/news/current-news/water-district-drops-garden-bar-dam-proposal/ |archive-date=June 8, 2015 |access-date=January 30, 2015}}</ref>
A cikin 2014, NID ta sake fitar da wani shiri don sabon dam/tafki akan Kogin Bear a wurin Parker, wanda ke saman tafkin Combie. Bayan amincewa, dam ɗin Centennial da aka tsara zai adana kusan {{Convert|112000|acre feet|km3}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=NID readies for new reservoir on Bear River |url=http://www.theunion.com/news/12801466-113/nid-parker-reservoir-scherzinger |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Theunion.com}}</ref> An ƙirƙiri kamfen na "Save the Bear, Stop Centennial" don adawa da shawarar da [[Jerin kungiyoyin muhalli na duniya|ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli]] masu zaman kansu, da Foothills Water Network da South River Citizens League (SYRCL), <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2018 |title=Peter Van Zant: Centennial Dam: A Long Road Ahead |url=https://www.theunion.com/opinion/columns/peter-van-zant-centennial-dam-a-long-road-ahead/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}}</ref> tare da goyon bayan sauran al'umma da kungiyoyin kiyayewa. kamar Sierra Watch. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2018 |title=Several groups question need for Centennial Dam |url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/several-groups-question-need-for-centennial-dam/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 4, 2018 |title=NID's Centennial Dam project declared ineligible for state funding |url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/nids-centennial-dam-project-declared-ineligible-for-state-funding/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}}</ref>
== Dubi kuma ==
* Jerin koguna na California
== manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
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'''Kogin Bear''' wani yanki ne na Kogin Feather a cikin [[Nevada County, California|Nevada]]_(U.S.)" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada, yana kewaye da yankuna huɗu na [[California]]: Yuba, Sutter, Placer, da Nevada . Kimanin kilomita 73 (kilomita 117) tsawo, kogin yana gudana gabaɗaya daga kudu maso yamma ta hanyar Sierra sannan yamma ta hanyar Kwarin Tsakiya, yana zubar da ruwa mai zurfi na murabba'in kilomita (kilomitara 760).
Ofishin Kula da Lafiya na Muhalli na California ya ba da shawara mai aminci ga duk wani kifi da aka kama a cikin Kogin Bear saboda matakan mercury masu yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=OEHHA |date=September 25, 2018 |title=Bear River |url=https://oehha.ca.gov/advisories/bear-river |access-date=November 6, 2018 |website=OEHHA}}</ref>
== Yanayin ƙasa ==
[[Fayil:Emigrant_Gap_-_Flickr_-_Joe_Parks.jpg|left|thumb|Ruwan ruwa a kwarin Bear, wanda aka gani daga Emigrant Gap]]
Kogin Bear ya samo asali ne a Emigrant Gap, a matsayin karamin rafi a kan iyakar Nevada da Placer Counties a cikin Tahoe National Forest. Ruwan ruwa suna kan tudu nan da nan zuwa kudancin Kogin Yuba na Kudu da arewacin Kogin North Fork American. Kogin yana gudana zuwa yamma zuwa cikin kwarin Bear sannan ya shiga wani zurfi da kuma kunkuntar gorge, yana wucewa cikin al'ummar Dutch Flat. Ci gaba tare da layin Nevada-Placer County yana karɓar Steephollow Creek daga arewa kafin ya faɗaɗa zuwa cikin Rollins Reservoir, wanda aka kafa ta {{Convert|242|ft|m}} high Rollins Dam gabashin Chicago Park. Yayinda yake wani ɓangare na tafkin, kogin ya haɗu da Greenhorn Creek daga arewa.
A ƙasa da madatsar ruwan kogin yana gudana daga kudu maso yamma ta hanyar tuddai na Sierra, bayan Colfax da Meadow Vista, ta hanyar Lake Combie da kuma gajeren amma mai tsawo a saman Garden Bar. Ba da daɗewa ba ya faɗaɗa zuwa Camp Far West Reservoir, inda ya fara bayyana iyakar Placer-Yuba County. Ƙarin yamma yana gudana cikin Kwarin Sacramento inda ya zama babban ambaliyar ruwa. Farawa a Wheatland ya zama iyakar Yuba da Sutter Counties. A 'yan mil a ƙasa da wannan batu yana karɓar Dry Creek daga arewa, sannan yana gudana cikin Kogin Feather a Nicolaus, mil 11 (18 sama da haɗuwar Feather tare da Kogin Sacramento mafi girma, kuma kimanin mil 20 (32 saboda kudancin Yuba City-Marysville.
Tare da kwararar shekara-shekara na 410 cubic feet a kowace dakika (12 m a Wheatland, Bear shine mafi ƙanƙanta babban mai ba da gudummawa na Kogin Feather. Ruwan wata-wata yana daga 1,1 cubic feet a kowace dakika ( " data-ve-ignore="true">m a watan Maris zuwa 20 cubic feet da kowace dakika (0.57 m3/s). <ref>{{Cite web |title=USGS Surface Water data for USA: USGS Surface-Water Monthly Statistics |url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/monthly/?referred_module=sw&site_no=11424000&por_11424000_1=2209695,00060,1,1928-10,2014-10&format=html_table&date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&rdb_compression=file&submitted_form=parameter_selection_list |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref> Saboda ruwan Kogin Bear yana da ƙananan tsawo idan aka kwatanta da sauran kogunan Sierra, ruwan sama, ba dusar ƙanƙara ba, shine babban tushen runoff. Har ila yau, yawan kwararar yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar madatsun ruwa da yawa a kan kogi.
== Ilimin ƙasa ==
Kogin Bear an dauke shi rafi mara kyau, kamar yadda ya fi girma, kogin da ke cike da dusar ƙanƙara ya gudana ta hanyar tashinsa a zamanin d ̄ a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River Awakening – Geology |url=http://bearriver.us/geology.php |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Bearriver.us}}</ref> Miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata saman Kogin Yuba na Kudu (sama da Tafkin Spaulding) ya gudana cikin Kogin Bear a Emigrant Gap . Fashin teku na rafi, mai yiwuwa ya taimaka da glaciation a lokacin Ice Ages, ya sa aka "kama" saman Bear a cikin ruwan Yuba zuwa arewa kuma ya rage Bear da kimanin kilomita 25 (40 a sakamakon haka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River Geomorphology |url=http://bearriver.us/docs/geomorph.pdf |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Bearriver.us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://people.cas.sc.edu/ajames/Research/Pubs/1James1995.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200243/http://people.cas.sc.edu/ajames/Research/Pubs/1James1995.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref>
== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Hydraulic_mining_in_Dutch_Flat,_California,_between_1857_and_1870.jpg|right|thumb|Masu hakar ma'adinai na zinariya ta amfani da hakar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa don tono wani dutse mai lalacewa tare da jets na ruwa a Dutch Flat, California, wani lokaci tsakanin 1857 da 1870.]]
Yankin Kogin Bear ya daɗe yana gida ga mutanen Nisenan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nisenan |url=https://www.nisenan.org/ |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=Nisenan |language=en-US}}</ref>
Gidansa yana cikin Ƙasar Zinariya ta California kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna masu arziki na karni na 19 na California Gold Rush . Manyan wuraren hakar ma'adinai a cikin kogin Bear sun hada da You Bet, Red Dog, Dutch Flat, Gold Run, Waloupa, Little York, da Chalk Bluff .
Yawancin ƙasa a cikin kogin Bear sun canza sosai ta hanyar hakar ruwa. A You Bet da Red Dog an wanke "47,000,000 cubic yards (36,000,000 m3) na dutse mai ɗauke da zinariya; a Dutch Flat 105,000,000 cubic yadudduka (80,000,000 m3); kuma a Gold Run 128,000,000 cubic yard (98,000,000 m3). <ref name="McPhee2010">{{Cite book|last3=John McPhee}}</ref>
== Injiniya ==
An yi amfani da Kogin Bear sosai kuma an karkatar da shi don ban ruwa, samar da ruwa na gida, da samar da wutar lantarki. Kogin ya karu sosai ta hanyar karkatarwa daga babban tafkin Kogin Yuba zuwa arewa, ta hanyar Drum-Spaulding Hydroelectric Project da Yuba-Bear Hydroele Electric Project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yuba-Bear and Drum-Spaulding Hydroelectric Project |url=http://www.hdrinc.com/portfolio/yuba-bear-and-drum-spaulding-hydroelectric-project-relicensings |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Hdrinc.com}}</ref> Tsohon, wanda aka kammala a cikin 1910s da farko don samar da wutar lantarki mallakar PG&amp;E ne; Gundumar Ruwa ta Nevada (NID) ce ta gina ƙarshen a cikin 1960s. Kodayake ana amfani da ayyukan daban-daban guda biyu, tsarin rikitarwa na wasu tafkuna 40 a Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Kudancin Yuba da kuma kan Kogin Bear yana da alaƙa sosai, kuma yana aiki a matsayin ɗaya.
{{Convert|200000|acre feet|km3}} <ref name="diversions">{{Cite web |title={title} |url=http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608110947/http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |archive-date=June 8, 2015 |access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref> na ruwa daga Kogin Yuba yana shiga cikin Kogin Bear ta hanyar Drum Canal, wanda ramin tafkin Spaulding ke ciyar da shi. <ref name="schematic">{{Cite web |title=Modeling Schematic of Projects |url=http://www.eurekasw.com/NID/Project%20Maps%20and%20Figures/Yuba-Bear%20Project%20Flow%20Schematic%20and%20Fact%20Sheet/Yuba-Bear%20and%20Drum%20Spaulding%20Projects%20Schematic%20%28Modeling%20Version%29.pdf |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Eurekasw.com}}</ref> Mafi girman madatsun ruwa a Kogin Bear suna a Dutch Flat Forebay da Dutch Flat Afterbay, duka ƙananan madatsun ruwa na karkatar da wutar lantarki. Ruwa daga kogin Bear na sama da Drum Canal suna wucewa ta waɗannan madatsun ruwa kuma suna fitar da wutar lantarki a Drum, Dutch Flat da Chicago Park.
A ƙasan Gidan Wutar Wutar Lantarki na Chicago Park, a mahaɗin Greenhorn Creek, Rollins Dam ne ya kama kogin Bear, wanda ya samar da {{Convert|66000|acre feet|km3}} tafki. Tafkin yana tanadin ruwa don ban ruwa da wutar lantarki, kuma yana yin amfani da muhimmiyar manufar tarko da ruwa daga aikin hakar ma'adinan ruwa na farko a cikin babban kogin Bear. Kai tsaye a ƙasan Rollins Dam ya ta'allaka ne da Dam ɗin Diversion River, wanda ke karkatar da kusan {{Convert|290000|acre feet|km3}} na ruwa a kowace shekara a cikin Kogin Bear River Canal, wanda ke ba da dama ga al'ummomin karkara a cikin Placer County tsakanin Colfax da Auburn . <ref name="diversions">{{Cite web |title={title} |url=http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608110947/http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |archive-date=June 8, 2015 |access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref> Ruwan da ya wuce kima daga magudanar ruwa yana shiga rafin kogin Amurka ta wani gidan wuta a tafkin Folsom . <ref name="schematic">{{Cite web |title=Modeling Schematic of Projects |url=http://www.eurekasw.com/NID/Project%20Maps%20and%20Figures/Yuba-Bear%20Project%20Flow%20Schematic%20and%20Fact%20Sheet/Yuba-Bear%20and%20Drum%20Spaulding%20Projects%20Schematic%20%28Modeling%20Version%29.pdf |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Eurekasw.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River Canal has 150-plus year history |url=http://www.colfaxrecord.com/article/bear-river-canal-has-150-plus-year-history |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Colfaxrecord.com}}</ref>
=== Dam proposals ===
A watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, an bayyana aikin madatsar ruwa na Kogin Bear a karkashin binciken wani rukuni na gundumomin ruwa na waje. Gundumar Ruwa ta Kudu Sutter (Trowbridge), tare da biranen Napa, American Canyon, da Palmdale, Hukumar Ruwa ta Castaic Lake, da Gundumar ruwa ta San Bernardino Valley, sun ba da binciken farko game da sanya sabon madatsar ruwa a arewacin yanzu Camp Far West Reservoir da kudancin Combie da Rollins reservations da ke sama. Dam din zai kasance a cikin gundumar ruwa ta NID (Nevada Irrigation District) kuma zai ambaliya sassan Nevada County da Placer County. Za a gabatar da madatsar ruwan Garden Bar a wuraren da aka riga aka ware a matsayin wuraren kiyayewa da wuraren namun daji, kuma tafkin da ya haifar zai mamaye mazaunin namun daji da itacen oak da savannah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2011 |title=Controversy Mounts Around Proposed Garden Bar Dam on Bear River |url=http://yubanet.com/regional/Controversy-Mounts-Around-Proposed-Garden-Bar-Dam-on-Bear-River.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928032027/http://yubanet.com/regional/Controversy-Mounts-Around-Proposed-Garden-Bar-Dam-on-Bear-River.php |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Yuba Net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 5, 2011 |title=Sierra Watch Comments on Bear River Dam Report |url=http://sierrafoothillsreport.com/2011/07/05/sierra-watch-comments-on-bear-river-dam-report/ |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Sierra Foothills Report}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River, Map of proposed reservoir at Garden Bar |url=http://www.sierrawatch.org/preservation-campaigns/bear-river/index.html |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Sierra Watch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 27, 2011 |title=Backers Up Garden Bar Dam Ante, Raising New Concerns |url=http://aquafornia.com/archives/52536 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814164243/http://aquafornia.com/archives/52536 |archive-date=August 14, 2011 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Aquafornia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 5, 2011 |title=Garden Bar Preliminary Study |url=http://gardenbarwater.com/documentsandnotices/documents.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331065424/http://gardenbarwater.com/documentsandnotices/documents.php |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |website=Documents & Notices |publisher=Gardenbarwater.com}}</ref>
Saboda da cewa ruwan da zai cika babban tafkin da aka tsara (,000 zuwa 400,000 acre-feet (,000,000 zuwa 493,000,000 m3), bisa ga binciken, mafi girman zaɓi zai zama murabba'in kilomita 3 (7.8 )) an riga an rarraba shi don tabkuna na yanzu ta madatsun ruwa a kan Kogin Bear a Camp Far West, Combie, da Rollins, ainihin yiwuwar aikin yana da hasashe, kuma ya haifar da shakku game da ainihin manufar tayin.
Wani bayani daga binciken ya ce"Rashin Ruwa: Rahoton ya amince da kasancewar "batutuwa da yawa da za a buƙaci warwarewa don tabbatar da kasancewar wannan ruwa da ikon isar da wani ɓangare na shi ta hanyar Delta, idan ana so. "
Saboda rashin hujja na tattalin arziki da adawa daga ƙungiyar kiyayewa, Sierra Watch, amintattun ƙasa na gida, ranchers, da kwamitin masu kula da duka Placer da Nevada Counties, gundumar ruwa ta bar madatsar ruwan da aka tsara a watan Yulin 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2011 |title=Sierra Watch: South Sutter Water District Releases Bear River Dam Report |url=http://yubanet.com/regional/Sierra-Watch-South-Sutter-Water-District-Releases-Bear-River-Dam-Report.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907125056/http://yubanet.com/regional/Sierra-Watch-South-Sutter-Water-District-Releases-Bear-River-Dam-Report.php |archive-date=September 7, 2011 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Yuba Net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2011 |title=Nevada County joins Placer in opposing Garden Bar dam on Bear River |url=http://www.auburnjournal.com/article/nevada-county-joins-placer-opposing-garden-bar-dam-bear-river |access-date=May 31, 2018 |website=Auburn Journal.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 13, 2012 |title=Water district drops Garden Bar Dam proposal |url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/water-district-drops-garden-bar-dam-proposal/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear Yuba Land Trust :: Water District Drops Garden Bar Dam Proposal |url=http://www.bylt.org/index.php/about/news/current-news/water-district-drops-garden-bar-dam-proposal/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608112500/http://www.bylt.org/index.php/about/news/current-news/water-district-drops-garden-bar-dam-proposal/ |archive-date=June 8, 2015 |access-date=January 30, 2015}}</ref>
A cikin 2014, NID ta sake fitar da wani shiri don sabon dam/tafki akan Kogin Bear a wurin Parker, wanda ke saman tafkin Combie. Bayan amincewa, dam ɗin Centennial da aka tsara zai adana kusan {{Convert|112000|acre feet|km3}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=NID readies for new reservoir on Bear River |url=http://www.theunion.com/news/12801466-113/nid-parker-reservoir-scherzinger |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Theunion.com}}</ref> An ƙirƙiri kamfen na "Save the Bear, Stop Centennial" don adawa da shawarar da [[Jerin kungiyoyin muhalli na duniya|ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli]] masu zaman kansu, da Foothills Water Network da South River Citizens League (SYRCL), <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2018 |title=Peter Van Zant: Centennial Dam: A Long Road Ahead |url=https://www.theunion.com/opinion/columns/peter-van-zant-centennial-dam-a-long-road-ahead/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}}</ref> tare da goyon bayan sauran al'umma da kungiyoyin kiyayewa. kamar Sierra Watch. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2018 |title=Several groups question need for Centennial Dam |url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/several-groups-question-need-for-centennial-dam/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 4, 2018 |title=NID's Centennial Dam project declared ineligible for state funding |url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/nids-centennial-dam-project-declared-ineligible-for-state-funding/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}}</ref>
== Dubi kuma ==
* Jerin koguna na California
== manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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'''Kogin Bear''' wani yanki ne na Kogin Feather a cikin [[Nevada County, California|Nevada]]_(U.S.)" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada, yana kewaye da yankuna huɗu na [[California]]: Yuba, Sutter, Placer, da Nevada . Kimanin kilomita 73 (kilomita 117) tsawo, kogin yana gudana gabaɗaya daga kudu maso yamma ta hanyar Sierra sannan yamma ta hanyar Kwarin Tsakiya, yana zubar da ruwa mai zurfi na murabba'in kilomita (kilomitara 760).
Ofishin Kula da Lafiya na Muhalli na California ya bada shawara mai aminci ga duk wani kifi da aka kama a cikin Kogin Bear saboda matakan mercury masu yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=OEHHA |date=September 25, 2018 |title=Bear River |url=https://oehha.ca.gov/advisories/bear-river |access-date=November 6, 2018 |website=OEHHA}}</ref>
== Yanayin ƙasa ==
[[Fayil:Emigrant_Gap_-_Flickr_-_Joe_Parks.jpg|left|thumb|Ruwan ruwa a kwarin Bear, wanda aka gani daga Emigrant Gap]]
Kogin Bear ya samo asali ne a Emigrant Gap, a matsayin karamin rafi a kan iyakar Nevada da Placer Counties a cikin Tahoe National Forest. Ruwan ruwa suna kan tudu nan da nan zuwa kudancin Kogin Yuba na Kudu da arewacin Kogin North Fork American. Kogin yana gudana zuwa yamma zuwa cikin kwarin Bear sannan ya shiga wani zurfi da kuma kunkuntar gorge, yana wucewa cikin al'ummar Dutch Flat. Ci gaba tare da layin Nevada-Placer County yana karɓar Steephollow Creek daga arewa kafin ya faɗaɗa zuwa cikin Rollins Reservoir, wanda aka kafa ta {{Convert|242|ft|m}} high Rollins Dam gabashin Chicago Park. Yayinda yake wani ɓangare na tafkin, kogin ya haɗu da Greenhorn Creek daga arewa.
A ƙasa da madatsar ruwan kogin yana gudana daga kudu maso yamma ta hanyar tuddai na Sierra, bayan Colfax da Meadow Vista, ta hanyar Lake Combie da kuma gajeren amma mai tsawo a saman Garden Bar. Ba da daɗewa ba ya faɗaɗa zuwa Camp Far West Reservoir, inda ya fara bayyana iyakar Placer-Yuba County. Ƙarin yamma yana gudana cikin Kwarin Sacramento inda ya zama babban ambaliyar ruwa. Farawa a Wheatland ya zama iyakar Yuba da Sutter Counties. A 'yan mil a ƙasa da wannan batu yana karɓar Dry Creek daga arewa, sannan yana gudana cikin Kogin Feather a Nicolaus, mil 11 (18 sama da haɗuwar Feather tare da Kogin Sacramento mafi girma, kuma kimanin mil 20 (32 saboda kudancin Yuba City-Marysville.
Tare da kwararar shekara-shekara na 410 cubic feet a kowace dakika (12 m a Wheatland, Bear shine mafi ƙanƙanta babban mai ba da gudummawa na Kogin Feather. Ruwan wata-wata yana daga 1,1 cubic feet a kowace dakika ( " data-ve-ignore="true">m a watan Maris zuwa 20 cubic feet da kowace dakika (0.57 m3/s). <ref>{{Cite web |title=USGS Surface Water data for USA: USGS Surface-Water Monthly Statistics |url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/monthly/?referred_module=sw&site_no=11424000&por_11424000_1=2209695,00060,1,1928-10,2014-10&format=html_table&date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&rdb_compression=file&submitted_form=parameter_selection_list |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref> Saboda ruwan Kogin Bear yana da ƙananan tsawo idan aka kwatanta da sauran kogunan Sierra, ruwan sama, ba dusar ƙanƙara ba, shine babban tushen runoff. Har ila yau, yawan kwararar yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar madatsun ruwa da yawa a kan kogi.
== Ilimin ƙasa ==
Kogin Bear an dauke shi rafi mara kyau, kamar yadda ya fi girma, kogin da ke cike da dusar ƙanƙara ya gudana ta hanyar tashinsa a zamanin d ̄ a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River Awakening – Geology |url=http://bearriver.us/geology.php |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Bearriver.us}}</ref> Miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata saman Kogin Yuba na Kudu (sama da Tafkin Spaulding) ya gudana cikin Kogin Bear a Emigrant Gap . Fashin teku na rafi, mai yiwuwa ya taimaka da glaciation a lokacin Ice Ages, ya sa aka "kama" saman Bear a cikin ruwan Yuba zuwa arewa kuma ya rage Bear da kimanin kilomita 25 (40 a sakamakon haka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River Geomorphology |url=http://bearriver.us/docs/geomorph.pdf |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Bearriver.us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://people.cas.sc.edu/ajames/Research/Pubs/1James1995.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200243/http://people.cas.sc.edu/ajames/Research/Pubs/1James1995.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref>
== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Hydraulic_mining_in_Dutch_Flat,_California,_between_1857_and_1870.jpg|right|thumb|Masu hakar ma'adinai na zinariya ta amfani da hakar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa don tono wani dutse mai lalacewa tare da jets na ruwa a Dutch Flat, California, wani lokaci tsakanin 1857 da 1870.]]
Yankin Kogin Bear ya daɗe yana gida ga mutanen Nisenan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nisenan |url=https://www.nisenan.org/ |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=Nisenan |language=en-US}}</ref>
Gidansa yana cikin Ƙasar Zinariya ta California kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna masu arziki na karni na 19 na California Gold Rush . Manyan wuraren hakar ma'adinai a cikin kogin Bear sun hada da You Bet, Red Dog, Dutch Flat, Gold Run, Waloupa, Little York, da Chalk Bluff .
Yawancin ƙasa a cikin kogin Bear sun canza sosai ta hanyar hakar ruwa. A You Bet da Red Dog an wanke "47,000,000 cubic yards (36,000,000 m3) na dutse mai ɗauke da zinariya; a Dutch Flat 105,000,000 cubic yadudduka (80,000,000 m3); kuma a Gold Run 128,000,000 cubic yard (98,000,000 m3). <ref name="McPhee2010">{{Cite book|last3=John McPhee}}</ref>
== Injiniya ==
An yi amfani da Kogin Bear sosai kuma an karkatar da shi don ban ruwa, samar da ruwa na gida, da samar da wutar lantarki. Kogin ya karu sosai ta hanyar karkatarwa daga babban tafkin Kogin Yuba zuwa arewa, ta hanyar Drum-Spaulding Hydroelectric Project da Yuba-Bear Hydroele Electric Project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yuba-Bear and Drum-Spaulding Hydroelectric Project |url=http://www.hdrinc.com/portfolio/yuba-bear-and-drum-spaulding-hydroelectric-project-relicensings |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Hdrinc.com}}</ref> Tsohon, wanda aka kammala a cikin 1910s da farko don samar da wutar lantarki mallakar PG&amp;E ne; Gundumar Ruwa ta Nevada (NID) ce ta gina ƙarshen a cikin 1960s. Kodayake ana amfani da ayyukan daban-daban guda biyu, tsarin rikitarwa na wasu tafkuna 40 a Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Kudancin Yuba da kuma kan Kogin Bear yana da alaƙa sosai, kuma yana aiki a matsayin ɗaya.
{{Convert|200000|acre feet|km3}} <ref name="diversions">{{Cite web |title={title} |url=http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608110947/http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |archive-date=June 8, 2015 |access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref> na ruwa daga Kogin Yuba yana shiga cikin Kogin Bear ta hanyar Drum Canal, wanda ramin tafkin Spaulding ke ciyar da shi. <ref name="schematic">{{Cite web |title=Modeling Schematic of Projects |url=http://www.eurekasw.com/NID/Project%20Maps%20and%20Figures/Yuba-Bear%20Project%20Flow%20Schematic%20and%20Fact%20Sheet/Yuba-Bear%20and%20Drum%20Spaulding%20Projects%20Schematic%20%28Modeling%20Version%29.pdf |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Eurekasw.com}}</ref> Mafi girman madatsun ruwa a Kogin Bear suna a Dutch Flat Forebay da Dutch Flat Afterbay, duka ƙananan madatsun ruwa na karkatar da wutar lantarki. Ruwa daga kogin Bear na sama da Drum Canal suna wucewa ta waɗannan madatsun ruwa kuma suna fitar da wutar lantarki a Drum, Dutch Flat da Chicago Park.
A ƙasan Gidan Wutar Wutar Lantarki na Chicago Park, a mahaɗin Greenhorn Creek, Rollins Dam ne ya kama kogin Bear, wanda ya samar da {{Convert|66000|acre feet|km3}} tafki. Tafkin yana tanadin ruwa don ban ruwa da wutar lantarki, kuma yana yin amfani da muhimmiyar manufar tarko da ruwa daga aikin hakar ma'adinan ruwa na farko a cikin babban kogin Bear. Kai tsaye a ƙasan Rollins Dam ya ta'allaka ne da Dam ɗin Diversion River, wanda ke karkatar da kusan {{Convert|290000|acre feet|km3}} na ruwa a kowace shekara a cikin Kogin Bear River Canal, wanda ke ba da dama ga al'ummomin karkara a cikin Placer County tsakanin Colfax da Auburn . <ref name="diversions">{{Cite web |title={title} |url=http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608110947/http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |archive-date=June 8, 2015 |access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref> Ruwan da ya wuce kima daga magudanar ruwa yana shiga rafin kogin Amurka ta wani gidan wuta a tafkin Folsom . <ref name="schematic">{{Cite web |title=Modeling Schematic of Projects |url=http://www.eurekasw.com/NID/Project%20Maps%20and%20Figures/Yuba-Bear%20Project%20Flow%20Schematic%20and%20Fact%20Sheet/Yuba-Bear%20and%20Drum%20Spaulding%20Projects%20Schematic%20%28Modeling%20Version%29.pdf |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Eurekasw.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River Canal has 150-plus year history |url=http://www.colfaxrecord.com/article/bear-river-canal-has-150-plus-year-history |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Colfaxrecord.com}}</ref>
=== Dam proposals ===
A watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, an bayyana aikin madatsar ruwa na Kogin Bear a karkashin binciken wani rukuni na gundumomin ruwa na waje. Gundumar Ruwa ta Kudu Sutter (Trowbridge), tare da biranen Napa, American Canyon, da Palmdale, Hukumar Ruwa ta Castaic Lake, da Gundumar ruwa ta San Bernardino Valley, sun ba da binciken farko game da sanya sabon madatsar ruwa a arewacin yanzu Camp Far West Reservoir da kudancin Combie da Rollins reservations da ke sama. Dam din zai kasance a cikin gundumar ruwa ta NID (Nevada Irrigation District) kuma zai ambaliya sassan Nevada County da Placer County. Za a gabatar da madatsar ruwan Garden Bar a wuraren da aka riga aka ware a matsayin wuraren kiyayewa da wuraren namun daji, kuma tafkin da ya haifar zai mamaye mazaunin namun daji da itacen oak da savannah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2011 |title=Controversy Mounts Around Proposed Garden Bar Dam on Bear River |url=http://yubanet.com/regional/Controversy-Mounts-Around-Proposed-Garden-Bar-Dam-on-Bear-River.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928032027/http://yubanet.com/regional/Controversy-Mounts-Around-Proposed-Garden-Bar-Dam-on-Bear-River.php |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Yuba Net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 5, 2011 |title=Sierra Watch Comments on Bear River Dam Report |url=http://sierrafoothillsreport.com/2011/07/05/sierra-watch-comments-on-bear-river-dam-report/ |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Sierra Foothills Report}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River, Map of proposed reservoir at Garden Bar |url=http://www.sierrawatch.org/preservation-campaigns/bear-river/index.html |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Sierra Watch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 27, 2011 |title=Backers Up Garden Bar Dam Ante, Raising New Concerns |url=http://aquafornia.com/archives/52536 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814164243/http://aquafornia.com/archives/52536 |archive-date=August 14, 2011 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Aquafornia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 5, 2011 |title=Garden Bar Preliminary Study |url=http://gardenbarwater.com/documentsandnotices/documents.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331065424/http://gardenbarwater.com/documentsandnotices/documents.php |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |website=Documents & Notices |publisher=Gardenbarwater.com}}</ref>
Saboda da cewa ruwan da zai cika babban tafkin da aka tsara (,000 zuwa 400,000 acre-feet (,000,000 zuwa 493,000,000 m3), bisa ga binciken, mafi girman zaɓi zai zama murabba'in kilomita 3 (7.8 )) an riga an rarraba shi don tabkuna na yanzu ta madatsun ruwa a kan Kogin Bear a Camp Far West, Combie, da Rollins, ainihin yiwuwar aikin yana da hasashe, kuma ya haifar da shakku game da ainihin manufar tayin.
Wani bayani daga binciken ya ce"Rashin Ruwa: Rahoton ya amince da kasancewar "batutuwa da yawa da za a buƙaci warwarewa don tabbatar da kasancewar wannan ruwa da ikon isar da wani ɓangare na shi ta hanyar Delta, idan ana so. "
Saboda rashin hujja na tattalin arziki da adawa daga ƙungiyar kiyayewa, Sierra Watch, amintattun ƙasa na gida, ranchers, da kwamitin masu kula da duka Placer da Nevada Counties, gundumar ruwa ta bar madatsar ruwan da aka tsara a watan Yulin 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2011 |title=Sierra Watch: South Sutter Water District Releases Bear River Dam Report |url=http://yubanet.com/regional/Sierra-Watch-South-Sutter-Water-District-Releases-Bear-River-Dam-Report.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907125056/http://yubanet.com/regional/Sierra-Watch-South-Sutter-Water-District-Releases-Bear-River-Dam-Report.php |archive-date=September 7, 2011 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Yuba Net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2011 |title=Nevada County joins Placer in opposing Garden Bar dam on Bear River |url=http://www.auburnjournal.com/article/nevada-county-joins-placer-opposing-garden-bar-dam-bear-river |access-date=May 31, 2018 |website=Auburn Journal.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 13, 2012 |title=Water district drops Garden Bar Dam proposal |url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/water-district-drops-garden-bar-dam-proposal/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear Yuba Land Trust :: Water District Drops Garden Bar Dam Proposal |url=http://www.bylt.org/index.php/about/news/current-news/water-district-drops-garden-bar-dam-proposal/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608112500/http://www.bylt.org/index.php/about/news/current-news/water-district-drops-garden-bar-dam-proposal/ |archive-date=June 8, 2015 |access-date=January 30, 2015}}</ref>
A cikin 2014, NID ta sake fitar da wani shiri don sabon dam/tafki akan Kogin Bear a wurin Parker, wanda ke saman tafkin Combie. Bayan amincewa, dam ɗin Centennial da aka tsara zai adana kusan {{Convert|112000|acre feet|km3}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=NID readies for new reservoir on Bear River |url=http://www.theunion.com/news/12801466-113/nid-parker-reservoir-scherzinger |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Theunion.com}}</ref> An ƙirƙiri kamfen na "Save the Bear, Stop Centennial" don adawa da shawarar da [[Jerin kungiyoyin muhalli na duniya|ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli]] masu zaman kansu, da Foothills Water Network da South River Citizens League (SYRCL), <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2018 |title=Peter Van Zant: Centennial Dam: A Long Road Ahead |url=https://www.theunion.com/opinion/columns/peter-van-zant-centennial-dam-a-long-road-ahead/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}}</ref> tare da goyon bayan sauran al'umma da kungiyoyin kiyayewa. kamar Sierra Watch. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2018 |title=Several groups question need for Centennial Dam |url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/several-groups-question-need-for-centennial-dam/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 4, 2018 |title=NID's Centennial Dam project declared ineligible for state funding |url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/nids-centennial-dam-project-declared-ineligible-for-state-funding/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}}</ref>
== Dubi kuma ==
* Jerin koguna na California
== manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1244203970|Steve Zakuani]]"
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'''Steve Zakuani''' (an haife shi 9 Fabrairu 1988) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Kwango . An haife shi a Zaire— [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Kwango]] a yanzu—kuma ya girma a [[Landan]] . Bayan nasarar aikin kwaleji, ya buga wa Seattle Sounders FC da Portland Timbers .
Zakuani ya taka leda a makarantar matasa ta Arsenal, amma sai ya yi fama da neman tawagar. Ya halarci Jami'ar Akron akan tallafin ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda ya yi fice a matsayin mai ci gaba . A cikin 2009, Seattle ta zaɓi Zakuani tare da zaɓi na farko gabaɗaya a cikin MLS SuperDraft . Nan da nan ya zama dan wasan da aka fi so a matsayin winger tare da sauri da kuma ikon ɗaukar masu kare adawa.
An ci gaba da samun nasara a shekara ta 2010 inda Zakuani ya ci kwallaye goma kuma ya fara buga wa [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|tawagar kwallon kafar Congo DR]] a wasan sada zumunci. Koyaya, a cikin 2011, ya sami rauni kusan ƙarshen aiki. Ya kasa sake samun nasarar da ya samu a farkon lokacin da ya dawo a 2012, kafin ya yi ritaya bayan ya buga kakar MLS ta 2014 tare da Portland Timbers. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa, Zakuani yana taimaka wa matasa 'yan wasa ta hanyar aikin agaji, ya shiga ƙungiyar watsa shirye-shirye ta ranar wasan Sounders, da masu horarwa a makarantar sakandare ta Bellevue .
== Sana'a ==
=== Matasa da jami'a ===
An haifi Zakuani a [[Kinshasa]], Zaire — yanzu [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango]] . Lokacin da yake da shekaru hudu, mahaifinsa, Mao Zakuani, ya ƙaura da iyalinsa zuwa [[Landan|London]], saboda dalilai na siyasa da na sana'a, a matsayin mai fassara. Iyalin sun sauya gidaje akai-akai kuma sun zauna tare da dangi na dogon lokaci. Daga karshe suka zauna a wata unguwar arewacin London tare da wasu iyalai na Afirka, inda Zakaani ya halarci makarantar White Hart Lane . <ref name="Interview 15-30">{{Cite web |date=29 March 2010 |title=15/30 Interview – Steve Zakuani |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721213953/http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Prost Amerika Soccer}}</ref>
Lokacin da yake da shekaru tara, Zakuani ya jawo sha'awar shirin matasa na West Ham United . Daga baya ya yi ƙoƙari don ƙungiyar matasa ta Queens Park Rangers, kuma ya shiga Kwalejin Arsenal a 1997. Zakuani ya zama jarumtaka da jajircewa alhali bai mai da hankali kan aikin makaranta ba kafin a sake shi. Abubuwan da ya faru a waje sun kai ga munanan raunuka lokacin da ya yi hatsari a kan moto da aka sace. Zakaani bai iya buga wasa na 18 ba watanni. Bayan ya rasa sha'awar ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ya sabunta ƙoƙarinsa na ilimi, ya kalli mai magana mai motsa rai, kuma mai bishara, Myles Munroe tare da malami. Wannan ya zaburar da Zakuani don sabunta alƙawarinsa na zama ƙwararren ɗan wasa kuma, ko da yake bai yi nasara ba, ya yi ƙoƙari don manyan ƙungiyoyin Queens Park Rangers, Wigan Athletic, AZ Alkmaar, da Real Valladolid .
Zakuani ya halarci Jami'ar Akron bayan an lura da shi a lokacin da yake wasa a Kwalejin Kwallon Kafa mai zaman kanta ta arewacin London. A cikin sabon kakarsa, ya zira kwallaye shida tare da Zips kuma ya sami tayin ƙwararru daga Preston North End . Ya riga ya jajirce a jami'ar kuma ya ki samun damar. A 2008, Zakaani ya ci 20 burin da 7 yana taimakawa fiye da 23 wasanni don zama dan wasan karshe na Hermann Trophy ; lambar yabo ta Missouri Athletic Club ke bayarwa duk shekara ga babban ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar. Ya kuma zama dan wasa na biyu na biyu da aka nada a matsayin gwarzon dan wasan koli ''na maza na Soccer America'' . <ref name="Evening Telegraph" /> Ya buga wani yanki na 2008 USL Premier Development League kakar tare da Cleveland Internationals, wanda ya zira kwallaye tara kuma ya taimaka hudu a wasanni 11.
=== Kwararren ===
==== Seattle Sounders FC ====
An zaɓi Zakuani ta ƙungiyar faɗaɗa Seattle Sounders FC a matsayin zaɓi na ɗaya a cikin 2009 MLS SuperDraft akan kwangilar shirin Generation Adidas . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2009 |title=Gaschk on the SuperDraft |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/News/Articles/2009/01-January/Gaschk-on-the-SuperDraft.aspx |access-date=14 July 2011 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> Ya ki yarda da tayi daga kungiyoyin Ingila guda biyu don haka zai iya shiga tare da Major League Soccer ; yarjejeniyar ta ba shi damar ware kudi don karatun kwaleji a nan gaba. <ref name="ESPN 2009-02-22">{{Cite web |last=Zakuani |first=Steve |date=22 February 2009 |title=Adjusting to the pro lifestyle |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/columns/story?id=621516&cc=5901 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023075444/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/columns/story?id=621516&cc=5901 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Ya fara wasanni 24 cikin 30 na yau da kullun a cikin 2009 kuma ya buga wasan [[Buɗe Gasar Wasan Yankin Turai Na Ƙarshen Shekarar 2009|karshe na Lamar Hunt US Open Cup]], lokacin da Sounders suka zama ƙungiyar MLS ta biyu da ta lashe gasar a lokacin buɗewar su. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=José Miguel |date=2 September 2009 |title=Tonight's lineups: Le Toux, Vagenas start |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/soundersfcblog/2009794946_dc_unitedcoms_starting_lineups.html |access-date=25 January 2010 |website=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Zakuani ya samar da gaban kai hari da ake bukata daga reshe; shi ne dan wasa na uku da ya fi zura kwallo a raga da kwallaye hudu a duk kakar wasa ta yau da kullum. 'Yan jarida sun dauke shi a matsayin dan takarar Rookie na Year saboda yana da mafi yawan adadin kwallaye da taimakon duk sababbin 'yan wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Travis |date=30 April 2009 |title=Top Five MLS Rookie Performers |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/165112-top-five-mls-rookie-performers |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Daga karshe dai kyautar ta samu ga Omar Gonzalez . Wani mai ba da rahoto na cikin gida ya yaba masa saboda inganta taimakon da yake bayarwa ga tsaro da kuma samar da ingantattun hare-hare yayin da kakar ke ci gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=6 October 2009 |title=Zakuani – 1st year learnings, Playoff preview |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2009/10/zakuani-1st-year-learnings-playoff-preview |access-date=13 January 2015 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> Duk da cewa an riga an san Zakuani a matsayin babban matashin ɗan wasa, koci Sigi Schmid ya so ya inganta shawararsa a filin wasa da kuma ƙara lafiyarsa kafin shekara mai zuwa. <ref name="PI Feb 2010">{{Cite web |last=Johns |first=Greg |date=12 February 2010 |title=Zakuani ready to shoulder bigger role for Sounders FC |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/sounders/2010/02/12/zakuani-ready-to-shoulder-bigger-role-for-sounders-fc/ |access-date=9 January 2015 |website=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref>
[[Fayil:Steve_Zakuani_dribble.jpg|alt=Zakuani dribbles towards an opposing player during a match|right|thumb| Zakuani da Philadelphia a 2010.]]
A shekara ta 2009, rauni a kafada wanda ya iyakance ikon Zakuani na buga cikakken minti 90 a kowane wasa ya tilasta masa yin tiyata a lokacin hutun kakar wasa. A shekararsa ta biyu na kwarewa, Zakuani ya zura kwallaye goma, wanda ya yi daidai da maki da dan wasan gaba Fredy Montero ya ci a kungiyar. Ya kuma yi taimako guda shida. An zabi Zakaani dan wasan mako na MLS sau biyu; na farko shi ne bayan rikodin biyu a raga a ci 2-1 a kan Colorado, kuma na biyu an ba shi ne don burin biyu da kuma taimako a nasarar 2-1 a kan Chivas USA . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johns |first=Greg |date=26 July 2010 |title=Zakuani earns Sounders' first MLS Player of Week honor |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/sounders/2010/07/26/zakuani-earns-sounders-first-mls-player-of-week-honor/ |access-date=12 January 2015 |website=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2010 |title=Zakuani named MLS Player of the Week for second time |url=http://www.news10.net/news/article/101418/364/Zakuani-named-MLS-Player-of-the-Week-for-second-time |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113101717/http://www.news10.net/news/article/101418/364/Zakuani-named-MLS-Player-of-the-Week-for-second-time |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=ABC News 10}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2010 |title=Sounders' Zakuani wins AT&T Goal of the Week |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/sounders-zakuani-wins-att-goal-week |access-date=17 January 2015 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> Magoya bayan gasar sun kada kuri'ar yajin aikin a kan Chivas a matsayin Goal na mako. Zakuani kuma lashe lambar yabo ga daidai lokacin hutu bayan na tsaron gida da baya line ga daya-on-daya halin da ake ciki tare da Goalkeeper yayin da Buga k'wallaye a raga da Toronto FC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Zakuani wins AT&T Goal of Week |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/zakuani-wins-att-goal-week |access-date=17 January 2015 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> Har ila yau, ya rubuta burin da ya fi sauri a tarihin kulob din tare da minti na hudu a kan Columbus Crew, ya doke rikodin da ya gabata wanda ya kafa kakar wasa a baya. Zakuani ya sake kasancewa cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su fafata a [[2010 U.S. Open Cup final|gasar cin kofin Bude na Amurka ta 2010]], wanda Seattle ta lashe ta zama tawaga ta farko tun 1983 da ta maimaita a matsayin zakaran Bude Kofin. A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2010, ya zira kwallaye na farko na Sounders a cikin rashin nasara 2–1 ga Los Angeles Galaxy . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaschk |first=Matt |date=7 November 2010 |title=Sounders Season Ends in LA |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/News/Articles/2010/11-November/vs-LA-Galaxy.aspx |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> Ya karbi katinsa na kore bayan kakar wasa; wannan ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar saboda MLS ta iyakance adadin 'yan wasan duniya da ke akwai ga kowace ƙungiya kuma samun matsayin zama na dindindin ya keɓe shi daga hula.
Zakuani ya zira kwallaye biyu a raga kuma yana da taimako biyu a farkon bayyanarsa shida na kakar 2011 . A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2011, ƙalubale mai tsanani da Brian Mullan ya yi ya haifar da Zakuani ya fashe tibia da fibula minti uku cikin wasa da Colorado Rapids. An kai shi asibiti kuma an yi masa tiyata a ranar. A lokacin murmurewa, likitoci sun ji tsoron cewa kafarsa za ta bukaci yankewa saboda ciwon sashe . Damuwar ta samo asali ne sakamakon karancin jini wanda ke cutar da jijiyoyin da ke hade wurin da kafarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=7 November 2011 |title=Steve Zakuani Continues Recovery, Reveals Compartment Syndrome Complication |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2011/11/7/2545312/steve-zakuani-recovery-reveals-compartment-syndrome |access-date=17 January 2015 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> Da farko Mullan ya kare matakin, yana mai cewa zai sake yin kalubalen. Daga baya ya nemi afuwa yayin fuskantar karuwar bincike kuma ya sami dakatarwar wasanni 10 (daidai da haramcin mafi dadewa a tarihin MLS zuwa yau) da kuma tarar $5,000. Nelson Rodriguez, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na MLS, ya fada a cikin wata sanarwa cewa kwamitin ladabtarwa "ya ji mummunan yanayi" na laifin Mullan ya ba da hujjar hukuncin. 'Maganin Mullan shine nau'in wasan da muke buƙatar kawar da shi daga wasanmu, kuma matakin horo ya yi daidai da ƙoƙarinmu na yin hakan. ' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mayers |first=Joshua |date=28 April 2011 |title=Player who caused Steve Zakuani's broken leg given heavy punishment |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/sports/sounders/player-who-caused-steve-zakuanis-broken-leg-given-heavy-punishment |access-date=4 July 2017 |website=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Zakuani bai buga sauran kakar wasa ta bana ba, kuma wannan rauni ya nuna farkon karshen rayuwarsa a matsayin dan wasan kwallon kafa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Grahame L. |date=30 April 2011 |title=Brian Mullan should leave MLS after vicious tackle of Steve Zakuani |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/la-xpm-2011-apr-30-la-sp-jones-soccer-20110502-story.html |access-date=9 January 2015 |website=The Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Raunin Zakuani na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƴan wasa a duk faɗin gasar a waccan shekarar, abin da ya haifar da sukar cewa wasan MLS ya kasance mai tsauri har zuwa "dandama".
[[Fayil:Heath_Pearce_vs_Steve_Zakuani,_Sounders_FC_v._FC_Dallas.jpg|alt=Zakuani vies against a Dallas player for the ball|thumb| Zakuani vs Dallas in 2011.]]
A lokacin 2013 kakar, Zakuani ya yi kawai tara bayyanuwa a duk gasa kafin a sidelined da wasanni hernia . A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta taimako guda ɗaya a cikin wasan lig, da kuma taimakawa a burin cin nasara a wasan da suka yi da Tigres UANL na Mexico a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta CONCACAF . Daga baya an ajiye shi a ajiyar da ya ji rauni kuma an yi masa tiyata sau biyu a kowane gefen makwancinsa. Kwantiragin Zakuani ya amince ya kare, inda ya kawo karshen aikinsa na shekaru biyar da Sounders, inda ya fara wasa a wasanni 67 cikin 78 a gasar. A lokacin shi ne dan wasan gaba na uku a kungiyar da kwallaye 17.
A cikin Janairu 2017, ''The Seattle Times'' ta ruwaito cewa Zakuani ya dade yana atisaye tare da kungiyar, tare da kocin Brian Schmetzer ya kwatanta halin da yake ciki a matsayin "wani wuri tsakanin 'gwaji' da horo mai tsabta". Bayan wata daya, ya sanar da cewa ba zai koma wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba kuma a maimakon haka ya ci gaba da aikinsa na watsa shirye-shirye tare da Sounders. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2017 |title=Zakuani ends comeback attempt with Seattle Sounders |url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2017/02/08/steve-zakuani-ends-comeback-attempt-seattle-sounders |access-date=4 July 2017 |publisher=MLSsoccer.com}}</ref>
==== Portland Timbers ====
A ranar 12 Disamba 2013, Portland Timbers ya zaɓi Zakuani a matsayin lamba biyu a cikin Tsarin Sake Shiga MLS ; daftarin shekara wanda ke ba ƙungiyoyi damar zaɓar 'yan wasan da ba su da kwantiragi ko kuma ƙungiyoyinsu na yanzu sun ƙi zaɓin su. Timbers sun yi ciniki don damar. <ref name="portlandtimbers">{{Cite web |title=Portland Timbers select Steve Zakuani in Stage 1 of MLS Re-Entry Process | Portland Timbers |url=http://www.portlandtimbers.com/news/2013/12/portland-timbers-select-steve-zakuani-stage-1-mls-re-entry-process |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131212204646/http://www.portlandtimbers.com/news/2013/12/portland-timbers-select-steve-zakuani-stage-1-mls-re-entry-process |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=portlandtimbers.com}}</ref> Zakuani ya sake haduwa da Caleb Porter, tsohon kocinsa na Akron, wanda ya zama manajan Portland. An yanke masa albashin dala 60,000 zuwa $120,000 a shekara. <ref name="WSS">{{Cite web |last=Asher |first=Abe |date=30 September 2014 |title=The Sad Tale of Steve Zakuani's Ailing MLS Career |url=http://worldsoccertalk.com/2014/09/30/the-sad-tale-of-steve-zakuanis-ailing-mls-career/ |access-date=14 November 2014 |publisher=World Soccer Talk}}</ref> Ana sa ran Zakuani zai sami ƙarin mintuna nan da nan saboda ɗan wasan na farko Rodney Wallace yana murmurewa daga rauni. Zakuani ya bayyana a wasan farko na Timbers a shekarar 2014 da Philadelphia Union a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin a minti na 85. <ref name="timbers">{{Cite web |title=Portland Timbers 1, Philadelphia Union 1 | Portland Timbers |url=http://www.timbers.com/news/2014/03/match-recap-portland-timbers-1-philadelphia-union-1 |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=timbers.com}}</ref> The Sounders da Timbers ne m kishiyoyinsu ; lokacin da ƙungiyoyin suka hadu a 2014 Lamar Hunt US Open Cup . Zakuani ya taimaka wa tsohon abokin wasan koleji Darlington Nagbe a ragar Timbers a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a kulob din da ya gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=John |date=9 July 2014 |title=Sounders beat Timbers 3–1 in U.S. Open Cup quarterfinal |url=http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20140709/SPORTS/140709148 |access-date=9 January 2015 |website=The Herald}}</ref> Zakuani ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a Timbers a ranar 19 ga Agusta 2014, inda ya zira kwallon farko a ragar Alpha United da ci 4-1 a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na 2014–15 CONCACAF . Bayan kammala wasan, Porter ya zanta da manema labarai kan bukatar zama Zakuani a benci saboda ciwon tsoka da yake fama da shi. <ref name="WSS" />
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2014 ta kasance abin kunya ga Zakuani; bai zura kwallo a raga ba kuma ya taimaka aka zura kwallaye uku. <ref name="WSS">{{Cite web |last=Asher |first=Abe |date=30 September 2014 |title=The Sad Tale of Steve Zakuani's Ailing MLS Career |url=http://worldsoccertalk.com/2014/09/30/the-sad-tale-of-steve-zakuanis-ailing-mls-career/ |access-date=14 November 2014 |publisher=World Soccer Talk}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2014, Zakuani ya sanar da yin murabus a cikin wani rubutu na yanar gizo. Bayan da ya zura kwallo daya kacal ya taimaka biyar a kakar wasanni uku da suka gabata, ya yi nuni da wahalar da ya samu daga raunin da ya samu. Ya rasa madaidaicin sa, saurin sa, da kuma kwarin gwiwa tun lokacin da aka ji masa rauni. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Prindville |first=Mike |date=29 October 2014 |title=Timbers' Steve Zakuani announces retirement from professional soccer |url=http://prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com/2014/10/29/timbers-steve-zakuani-announces-retirement-from-professional-soccer/ |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=NBC Sports}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya tun yana ƙanana 26; ritayarsa bayan wa'adinsa na farko ya jagoranci ''Sports Illustrated'' don kwatanta aikinsa a matsayin "mafi kyawun abin nadi".
Zakuani ya cancanci buga wa [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|Kongo]] da Ingila wasa . Ya dauki Landan garinsu amma har yanzu yana kallon kansa a matsayin dan Congo. <ref name="Interview 15-30">{{Cite web |date=29 March 2010 |title=15/30 Interview – Steve Zakuani |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721213953/http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Prost Amerika Soccer}}</ref> <ref name="Interview 2009-01-16">{{Cite web |last=Cardillo |first=Michael |date=16 January 2009 |title=MLS No. 1 Pick Steve Zakuani Takes Time to Talk with FanHouse |url=http://soccer.fanhouse.com/2009/01/16/mls-no-1-pick-steve-zakuani-chats-with-fanhouse/ |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=AOL News}}</ref> Daga cikin 'yan uwansa biyar, {{As of|April 2015}} </link></link> , Babban yayansa Gabriel Zakuani yana taka leda a kulob din Northampton Town na Ingila kuma memba ne a cikin tawagar kasar Kongo. Wataƙila ya iya buga wa Amurka wasa idan an ba shi izinin zama ɗan ƙasa. Ya nuna sha'awar wakiltar tawagar 'yan wasan Kongo a farkon aikinsa, <ref name="Interview 2010-01-26">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=26 January 2009 |title=Steve Zakuani – 6 days a Sounder |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2009/01/steve-zakuani-6-days-a-sounder/ |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Winner |first=Andrew |date=15 June 2010 |title=Under African Skies: Zakuani dreams of Congo selection |url=http://m.mlssoccer.com/news/article/under-african-skies-zakuani-dreams-congo-selection |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110144339/http://m.mlssoccer.com/news/article/under-african-skies-zakuani-dreams-congo-selection |archive-date=10 January 2015 |access-date=10 January 2015 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> amma ya yi la'akari da damar da ya samu na bugawa Ingila "tsawon harbi". Daga baya a fagen wasansa, ya nuna sha'awar bugawa Amurka wasa, yana mai cewa, "A cikin ukun, na fi son Amurka saboda a nan ne na sanya sunana a matsayin dan wasa". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brennan |first=Dan |title=Catching up with Steve Zakuani |url=http://www.arsenal.com/usa/news/features/catching-up-with-steve-zakuani |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328165322/http://www.arsenal.com/usa/news/features/catching-up-with-steve-zakuani |archive-date=28 March 2014 |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Arsenal FC}}</ref>
A cikin 2010, Zakuani ya karɓi kiran da aka yi masa daga Kongo don wasan sada zumunci da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mali|Mali]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2010 |title=Midfielder Steve Zakuani Called in by Congo DR |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/News/Articles/2010/11-November/Zakuani-Called-In-By-DR-Congo.aspx |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> A cikin wata sanarwa da ya fitar, Zakuani ya bayyana hakan ne a matsayin babbar karramawa ga matashin da ya yi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spratt |first=Gerry |date=12 November 2010 |title=Sounders midfielder Zakuani called in for DR Congo friendly |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/sounders/2010/11/12/sounders-midfielder-zakuani-called-in-for-dr-congo-friendly/ |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref> Shawara ce mai wahala a gare shi amma jira don samun cancantar buga wa Amurka ta yi tsayi da yawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hall |first=Courtney D. |date=Fall 2012 |title=Fishing for All-Stars in a Time of Global Free Agency: Understanding FIFA Eligibility Rules and the Impact on the U.S. Men 's National Team |journal=Marquette Sports Law Review |volume=23 |issue=1 |page=200}}</ref> An buga wasan a Dieppe, Faransa, a cikin Nuwamba 2010. Zakuani ne ya fara wasan kuma aka tashi daga hutun rabin lokaci inda Congo ta ci gaba. Mali dai ta tashi wasan ne a karo na biyu, inda ta doke Congo da ci 3-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2010 |title=Zakuani Plays First Half on DR Congo Debut |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/2010/11/17/zakuanis-congo-debut-ends-in-defeat/32144 |access-date=10 January 2015 |publisher=Prost Amerika}}</ref>
== Salon wasa ==
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Zakuani dan wasan dama ne wanda ya gwammace ya kasance a gefen hagu na fili. Ya taka leda a [[Mai buga tsakiya|bangaren hagu]] a wasan 4–4–2 da Arsenal; daga baya ya kasance dan gaba a jami'a kafin ya koma winger da kwarewa. <ref name="Interview 2010-01-26">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=26 January 2009 |title=Steve Zakuani – 6 days a Sounder |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2009/01/steve-zakuani-6-days-a-sounder/ |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> Zakuani ya ce ya taka leda da salon da ya koyo a makarantar matasa ta Arsenal kuma ya yi kokarin yin koyi da salon tsohon dan wasan winger [[Robert Pires]] . <ref name="Interview 2009-01-16">{{Cite web |last=Cardillo |first=Michael |date=16 January 2009 |title=MLS No. 1 Pick Steve Zakuani Takes Time to Talk with FanHouse |url=http://soccer.fanhouse.com/2009/01/16/mls-no-1-pick-steve-zakuani-chats-with-fanhouse/ |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=AOL News}}</ref> <ref name="BR Hare">{{Cite web |last=Hare |first=Bill |date=1 August 2010 |title=Steve Zakuani: From Africa To London To Seattle Sounders Stardom |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/428218-steve-zakuani-from-africa-to-london-to-seattle-sounders-stardom |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Zakuani yakan nemi shawara daga tsohon dan wasan Arsenal [[Freddie Ljungberg]] lokacin da suke wasa tare a Seattle. <ref name="Seattle Times Sep15">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=José Miguel |date=15 September 2009 |title=Sounders FC midfielder Steve Zakuani is pleased with MLS rookie season |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/sounders/2009873013_sounders16.html |access-date=12 January 2015 |website=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Zakuani ya kasance dan wasa mai sauri, mai hazaka wanda yake son daukar masu tsaron baya daya-da-daya. <ref name="PI Feb 2010">{{Cite web |last=Johns |first=Greg |date=12 February 2010 |title=Zakuani ready to shoulder bigger role for Sounders FC |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/sounders/2010/02/12/zakuani-ready-to-shoulder-bigger-role-for-sounders-fc/ |access-date=9 January 2015 |website=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref> Yayin da yake horar da shi a Akron, Porter ya ce yawancin kwallayen Zakuani sun zo ne bayan dogon gudu da suka doke 'yan wasa da dama.
== Rayuwa ta sirri da ritaya ==
Bayan ya yi ritaya a cikin 2014, Zakuani ya shiga ƙungiyar watsa shirye-shiryen Sounders a matsayin manazarci kuma daga baya sharhin launi. Ya ƙi shiga Apple TV 's MLS Season Pass, wanda ya maye gurbin watsa shirye-shiryen gida a cikin 2023, saboda jadawalin balaguron ƙasa. Ya buga wani abin tunawa, "kwanakin 500", a cikin 2015 da wani shirin gaskiya a cikin 2018 wanda ya ba da tarihin murmurewa daga raunin 2011.
Zakuani ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin koci na Tacoma Stars, ƙungiyar cikin gida a cikin Major Arena Soccer League, daga 2015 zuwa 2016. Ya zama babban koci a makarantar sakandare ta Bellevue a shekarar 2019, inda ya kai kungiyar zuwa gasar zakarun Turai.
=== Fatan Mulki ===
Lokacin yana matashi a Landan, Zakuani ya fara "cakuwa da jama'ar da ba daidai ba". 'Yan mata da shagali ne suka dauke shi daga wasan kwallon kafa. <ref name="Seattle Times 2010-04-28" /> A wata hira da ya yi da shi, ya ce, “Da yawa daga cikin mutanen da na taso tare da su sun kasance a gidan yari, suna shan kwaya, ba su taba shiga jami’a ba”. Yana da kwarin gwiwa game da karuwar laifukan wuka a Landan tun lokacin da aka kashe wani abokinsa. <ref name="Interview 15-30">{{Cite web |date=29 March 2010 |title=15/30 Interview – Steve Zakuani |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721213953/http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Prost Amerika Soccer}}</ref> A cikin 2010, ya kafa ƙungiyar sa-kai ta Kingdom Hope don gudanar da sansanonin ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa a yankin Seattle mafi girma. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=2 March 2010 |title=Beyond the Touchline: Steve Zakuani Launches Kingdom Hope |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2010/3/2/1334170/beyond-the-touchline-steve-zakuani |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> Ya tuna cewa ya mayar da hankali kan ƙwallon ƙafa maimakon ilimi a Turai; kungiyar ta mayar da hankali ne kan bayar da tallafin karatu na kwaleji ga matasa 'yan wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2012 |title=Sounders FC's Steve Zakuani talks about Kingdom Hope |url=http://www.king5.com/story/news/local/2014/08/03/13188782/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113123347/http://www.king5.com/story/news/local/2014/08/03/13188782/ |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=NBC King 5}}</ref> Zakuani ya ce babban burinsa shi ne bude wata makarantar koyar da koyar da rayuwa da kwallon kafa ga matasa don samar da “gada tsakanin hazaka da kuma yin ta a zahiri”.
== Kididdigar sana'a ==
{{Updated|3 November 2014.}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" |Club performance
! colspan="2" |League
! colspan="2" |Cup
! colspan="2" |League Cup
! colspan="2" |Continental
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!Club
!Season
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
|Cleveland Internationals
|2008<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleveland Internationals 2008 Roster |url=http://www.uslsoccer.com/teams/2008/roster/934451.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610070332/http://www.uslsoccer.com/teams/2008/roster/934451.html |archive-date=10 June 2011 |access-date=24 May 2011 |publisher=United Soccer Leagues}}</ref>
|USL Premier Development League
|11
|9
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
|11
|9
|-
| rowspan="6" |Seattle Sounders FC
|2009<ref>{{Cite web |title=2009 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Team/Stats/2009.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123150222/http://www.soundersfc.com/team/stats/2009.aspx |archive-date=23 January 2013 |access-date=24 May 2011 |publisher=Seattle Sounders}}</ref>
| rowspan="5" |Major League Soccer
|29
|4
|4
|0
|2
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|35
|4
|-
|2010<ref>{{Cite web |title=2010 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/stats/season?year=2010&season_type=REG&group=GOALS |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref>
|29
|10
|3
|0
|2
|1
|3
|0
|37
|11
|-
|2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=2011 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/stats/season?year=2011&season_type=REG&group=GOALS |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref>
|6
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|6
|2
|-
|2012<ref name="2012stats">{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=2012 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Team/Stats/2012.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116073007/http://www.soundersfc.com/team/stats/2012.aspx |archive-date=16 January 2013 |access-date=4 January 2013 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref>
|8
|1
|0
|0
|3
|0
|1
|1
|12
|2
|-
|2013<ref>{{Cite web |title=2013 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/stats/season?year=2013&season_type=REG&group=GOALS |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref>
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|3
|0
|11
|0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!80
!17
!7
!0
!7
!1
!7
!1
!100
!19
|-
|Portland Timbers
|2014<ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 Team Statistics |url=http://www.timbers.com/stats/season?season_year=2014&season_type=REG&group=GOALS |access-date=1 March 2014 |publisher=Portland Timbers}}</ref>
|Major League Soccer
|17
|0
|2
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|1
|1
|20
|1
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!108
!26
!9
!0
!7
!1
!8
!2
!131
!29
|}
== Girmamawa ==
=== Kulob ===
'''Seattle Sounders FC'''
* Lamar Hunt US Open Cup (2): 2009, 2010
== MANAZARTA ==
{{Reflist}}
== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
* [http://stevezakuani.com/ Shafi na sirri na Steve Zakuani]
* Steve Zakuani
* [http://kingdom-hope.org/ Fatan Mulki]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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'''Steve Zakuani''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu shekarata alif 1988) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Kwango . An haife shi a Zaire— [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Kwango]] a yanzu—kuma ya girma a [[Landan]] . Bayan nasarar aikin kwaleji, ya buga wa Seattle Sounders FC da Portland Timbers .
Zakuani ya taka leda a makarantar matasa ta Arsenal, amma sai ya yi fama da neman tawagar. Ya halarci Jami'ar Akron akan tallafin ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda ya yi fice a matsayin mai ci gaba . A cikin shekarar 2009, Seattle ta zaɓi Zakuani tare da zaɓi na farko gabaɗaya a cikin MLS SuperDraft . Nan da nan ya zama dan wasan da aka fi so a matsayin winger tare da sauri da kuma ikon ɗaukar masu kare adawa.
An ci gaba da samun nasara a shekara ta 2010 inda Zakuani ya ci kwallaye goma kuma ya fara buga wa [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|tawagar kwallon kafar Congo DR]] a wasan sada zumunci. Koyaya, a cikin 2011, ya sami rauni kusan ƙarshen aiki. Ya kasa sake samun nasarar da ya samu a farkon lokacin da ya dawo a shekarar 2012, kafin ya yi ritaya bayan ya buga kakar MLS ta shekarar 2014 tare da Portland Timbers. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa, Zakuani yana taimaka wa matasa 'yan wasa ta hanyar aikin agaji, ya shiga ƙungiyar watsa shirye-shirye ta ranar wasan Sounders, da masu horarwa a makarantar sakandare ta Bellevue .
== Sana'a ==
=== Matasa da jami'a ===
An haifi Zakuani a [[Kinshasa]], Zaire — yanzu [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango]] . Lokacin da yake da shekaru hudu, mahaifinsa, Mao Zakuani, ya ƙaura da iyalinsa zuwa [[Landan|London]], saboda dalilai na siyasa da na sana'a, a matsayin mai fassara. Iyalin sun sauya gidaje akai-akai kuma sun zauna tare da dangi na dogon lokaci. Daga karshe suka zauna a wata unguwar arewacin London tare da wasu iyalai na Afirka, inda Zakaani ya halarci makarantar White Hart Lane . <ref name="Interview 15-30">{{Cite web |date=29 March 2010 |title=15/30 Interview – Steve Zakuani |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721213953/http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Prost Amerika Soccer}}</ref>
Lokacin da yake da shekaru tara, Zakuani ya jawo sha'awar shirin matasa na West Ham United . Daga baya ya yi ƙoƙari don ƙungiyar matasa ta Queens Park Rangers, kuma ya shiga Kwalejin Arsenal a 1997. Zakuani ya zama jarumtaka da jajircewa alhali bai mai da hankali kan aikin makaranta ba kafin a sake shi. Abubuwan da ya faru a waje sun kai ga munanan raunuka lokacin da ya yi hatsari a kan moto da aka sace. Zakaani bai iya buga wasa na 18 ba watanni. Bayan ya rasa sha'awar ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ya sabunta ƙoƙarinsa na ilimi, ya kalli mai magana mai motsa rai, kuma mai bishara, Myles Munroe tare da malami. Wannan ya zaburar da Zakuani don sabunta alƙawarinsa na zama ƙwararren ɗan wasa kuma, ko da yake bai yi nasara ba, ya yi ƙoƙari don manyan ƙungiyoyin Queens Park Rangers, Wigan Athletic, AZ Alkmaar, da Real Valladolid .
Zakuani ya halarci Jami'ar Akron bayan an lura da shi a lokacin da yake wasa a Kwalejin Kwallon Kafa mai zaman kanta ta arewacin London. A cikin sabon kakarsa, ya zira kwallaye shida tare da Zips kuma ya sami tayin ƙwararru daga Preston North End . Ya riga ya jajirce a jami'ar kuma ya ki samun damar. A 2008, Zakaani ya ci 20 burin da 7 yana taimakawa fiye da 23 wasanni don zama dan wasan karshe na Hermann Trophy ; lambar yabo ta Missouri Athletic Club ke bayarwa duk shekara ga babban ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar. Ya kuma zama dan wasa na biyu na biyu da aka nada a matsayin gwarzon dan wasan koli ''na maza na Soccer America'' . <ref name="Evening Telegraph" /> Ya buga wani yanki na 2008 USL Premier Development League kakar tare da Cleveland Internationals, wanda ya zira kwallaye tara kuma ya taimaka hudu a wasanni 11.
=== Kwararren ===
==== Seattle Sounders FC ====
An zaɓi Zakuani ta ƙungiyar faɗaɗa Seattle Sounders FC a matsayin zaɓi na ɗaya a cikin 2009 MLS SuperDraft akan kwangilar shirin Generation Adidas . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2009 |title=Gaschk on the SuperDraft |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/News/Articles/2009/01-January/Gaschk-on-the-SuperDraft.aspx |access-date=14 July 2011 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> Ya ki yarda da tayi daga kungiyoyin Ingila guda biyu don haka zai iya shiga tare da Major League Soccer ; yarjejeniyar ta ba shi damar ware kudi don karatun kwaleji a nan gaba. <ref name="ESPN 2009-02-22">{{Cite web |last=Zakuani |first=Steve |date=22 February 2009 |title=Adjusting to the pro lifestyle |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/columns/story?id=621516&cc=5901 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023075444/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/columns/story?id=621516&cc=5901 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Ya fara wasanni 24 cikin 30 na yau da kullun a cikin 2009 kuma ya buga wasan [[Buɗe Gasar Wasan Yankin Turai Na Ƙarshen Shekarar 2009|karshe na Lamar Hunt US Open Cup]], lokacin da Sounders suka zama ƙungiyar MLS ta biyu da ta lashe gasar a lokacin buɗewar su. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=José Miguel |date=2 September 2009 |title=Tonight's lineups: Le Toux, Vagenas start |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/soundersfcblog/2009794946_dc_unitedcoms_starting_lineups.html |access-date=25 January 2010 |website=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Zakuani ya samar da gaban kai hari da ake bukata daga reshe; shi ne dan wasa na uku da ya fi zura kwallo a raga da kwallaye hudu a duk kakar wasa ta yau da kullum. 'Yan jarida sun dauke shi a matsayin dan takarar Rookie na Year saboda yana da mafi yawan adadin kwallaye da taimakon duk sababbin 'yan wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Travis |date=30 April 2009 |title=Top Five MLS Rookie Performers |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/165112-top-five-mls-rookie-performers |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Daga karshe dai kyautar ta samu ga Omar Gonzalez . Wani mai ba da rahoto na cikin gida ya yaba masa saboda inganta taimakon da yake bayarwa ga tsaro da kuma samar da ingantattun hare-hare yayin da kakar ke ci gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=6 October 2009 |title=Zakuani – 1st year learnings, Playoff preview |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2009/10/zakuani-1st-year-learnings-playoff-preview |access-date=13 January 2015 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> Duk da cewa an riga an san Zakuani a matsayin babban matashin ɗan wasa, koci Sigi Schmid ya so ya inganta shawararsa a filin wasa da kuma ƙara lafiyarsa kafin shekara mai zuwa. <ref name="PI Feb 2010">{{Cite web |last=Johns |first=Greg |date=12 February 2010 |title=Zakuani ready to shoulder bigger role for Sounders FC |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/sounders/2010/02/12/zakuani-ready-to-shoulder-bigger-role-for-sounders-fc/ |access-date=9 January 2015 |website=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref>
[[Fayil:Steve_Zakuani_dribble.jpg|alt=Zakuani dribbles towards an opposing player during a match|right|thumb| Zakuani da Philadelphia a 2010.]]
A shekara ta 2009, rauni a kafada wanda ya iyakance ikon Zakuani na buga cikakken minti 90 a kowane wasa ya tilasta masa yin tiyata a lokacin hutun kakar wasa. A shekararsa ta biyu na kwarewa, Zakuani ya zura kwallaye goma, wanda ya yi daidai da maki da dan wasan gaba Fredy Montero ya ci a kungiyar. Ya kuma yi taimako guda shida. An zabi Zakaani dan wasan mako na MLS sau biyu; na farko shi ne bayan rikodin biyu a raga a ci 2-1 a kan Colorado, kuma na biyu an ba shi ne don burin biyu da kuma taimako a nasarar 2-1 a kan Chivas USA . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johns |first=Greg |date=26 July 2010 |title=Zakuani earns Sounders' first MLS Player of Week honor |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/sounders/2010/07/26/zakuani-earns-sounders-first-mls-player-of-week-honor/ |access-date=12 January 2015 |website=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2010 |title=Zakuani named MLS Player of the Week for second time |url=http://www.news10.net/news/article/101418/364/Zakuani-named-MLS-Player-of-the-Week-for-second-time |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113101717/http://www.news10.net/news/article/101418/364/Zakuani-named-MLS-Player-of-the-Week-for-second-time |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=ABC News 10}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2010 |title=Sounders' Zakuani wins AT&T Goal of the Week |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/sounders-zakuani-wins-att-goal-week |access-date=17 January 2015 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> Magoya bayan gasar sun kada kuri'ar yajin aikin a kan Chivas a matsayin Goal na mako. Zakuani kuma lashe lambar yabo ga daidai lokacin hutu bayan na tsaron gida da baya line ga daya-on-daya halin da ake ciki tare da Goalkeeper yayin da Buga k'wallaye a raga da Toronto FC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Zakuani wins AT&T Goal of Week |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/zakuani-wins-att-goal-week |access-date=17 January 2015 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> Har ila yau, ya rubuta burin da ya fi sauri a tarihin kulob din tare da minti na hudu a kan Columbus Crew, ya doke rikodin da ya gabata wanda ya kafa kakar wasa a baya. Zakuani ya sake kasancewa cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su fafata a [[2010 U.S. Open Cup final|gasar cin kofin Bude na Amurka ta 2010]], wanda Seattle ta lashe ta zama tawaga ta farko tun 1983 da ta maimaita a matsayin zakaran Bude Kofin. A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2010, ya zira kwallaye na farko na Sounders a cikin rashin nasara 2–1 ga Los Angeles Galaxy . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaschk |first=Matt |date=7 November 2010 |title=Sounders Season Ends in LA |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/News/Articles/2010/11-November/vs-LA-Galaxy.aspx |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> Ya karbi katinsa na kore bayan kakar wasa; wannan ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar saboda MLS ta iyakance adadin 'yan wasan duniya da ke akwai ga kowace ƙungiya kuma samun matsayin zama na dindindin ya keɓe shi daga hula.
Zakuani ya zira kwallaye biyu a raga kuma yana da taimako biyu a farkon bayyanarsa shida na kakar 2011 . A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2011, ƙalubale mai tsanani da Brian Mullan ya yi ya haifar da Zakuani ya fashe tibia da fibula minti uku cikin wasa da Colorado Rapids. An kai shi asibiti kuma an yi masa tiyata a ranar. A lokacin murmurewa, likitoci sun ji tsoron cewa kafarsa za ta bukaci yankewa saboda ciwon sashe . Damuwar ta samo asali ne sakamakon karancin jini wanda ke cutar da jijiyoyin da ke hade wurin da kafarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=7 November 2011 |title=Steve Zakuani Continues Recovery, Reveals Compartment Syndrome Complication |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2011/11/7/2545312/steve-zakuani-recovery-reveals-compartment-syndrome |access-date=17 January 2015 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> Da farko Mullan ya kare matakin, yana mai cewa zai sake yin kalubalen. Daga baya ya nemi afuwa yayin fuskantar karuwar bincike kuma ya sami dakatarwar wasanni 10 (daidai da haramcin mafi dadewa a tarihin MLS zuwa yau) da kuma tarar $5,000. Nelson Rodriguez, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na MLS, ya fada a cikin wata sanarwa cewa kwamitin ladabtarwa "ya ji mummunan yanayi" na laifin Mullan ya ba da hujjar hukuncin. 'Maganin Mullan shine nau'in wasan da muke buƙatar kawar da shi daga wasanmu, kuma matakin horo ya yi daidai da ƙoƙarinmu na yin hakan. ' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mayers |first=Joshua |date=28 April 2011 |title=Player who caused Steve Zakuani's broken leg given heavy punishment |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/sports/sounders/player-who-caused-steve-zakuanis-broken-leg-given-heavy-punishment |access-date=4 July 2017 |website=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Zakuani bai buga sauran kakar wasa ta bana ba, kuma wannan rauni ya nuna farkon karshen rayuwarsa a matsayin dan wasan kwallon kafa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Grahame L. |date=30 April 2011 |title=Brian Mullan should leave MLS after vicious tackle of Steve Zakuani |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/la-xpm-2011-apr-30-la-sp-jones-soccer-20110502-story.html |access-date=9 January 2015 |website=The Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Raunin Zakuani na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƴan wasa a duk faɗin gasar a waccan shekarar, abin da ya haifar da sukar cewa wasan MLS ya kasance mai tsauri har zuwa "dandama".
[[Fayil:Heath_Pearce_vs_Steve_Zakuani,_Sounders_FC_v._FC_Dallas.jpg|alt=Zakuani vies against a Dallas player for the ball|thumb| Zakuani vs Dallas in 2011.]]
A lokacin 2013 kakar, Zakuani ya yi kawai tara bayyanuwa a duk gasa kafin a sidelined da wasanni hernia . A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta taimako guda ɗaya a cikin wasan lig, da kuma taimakawa a burin cin nasara a wasan da suka yi da Tigres UANL na Mexico a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta CONCACAF . Daga baya an ajiye shi a ajiyar da ya ji rauni kuma an yi masa tiyata sau biyu a kowane gefen makwancinsa. Kwantiragin Zakuani ya amince ya kare, inda ya kawo karshen aikinsa na shekaru biyar da Sounders, inda ya fara wasa a wasanni 67 cikin 78 a gasar. A lokacin shi ne dan wasan gaba na uku a kungiyar da kwallaye 17.
A cikin Janairu 2017, ''The Seattle Times'' ta ruwaito cewa Zakuani ya dade yana atisaye tare da kungiyar, tare da kocin Brian Schmetzer ya kwatanta halin da yake ciki a matsayin "wani wuri tsakanin 'gwaji' da horo mai tsabta". Bayan wata daya, ya sanar da cewa ba zai koma wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba kuma a maimakon haka ya ci gaba da aikinsa na watsa shirye-shirye tare da Sounders. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2017 |title=Zakuani ends comeback attempt with Seattle Sounders |url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2017/02/08/steve-zakuani-ends-comeback-attempt-seattle-sounders |access-date=4 July 2017 |publisher=MLSsoccer.com}}</ref>
==== Portland Timbers ====
A ranar 12 Disamba 2013, Portland Timbers ya zaɓi Zakuani a matsayin lamba biyu a cikin Tsarin Sake Shiga MLS ; daftarin shekara wanda ke ba ƙungiyoyi damar zaɓar 'yan wasan da ba su da kwantiragi ko kuma ƙungiyoyinsu na yanzu sun ƙi zaɓin su. Timbers sun yi ciniki don damar. <ref name="portlandtimbers">{{Cite web |title=Portland Timbers select Steve Zakuani in Stage 1 of MLS Re-Entry Process | Portland Timbers |url=http://www.portlandtimbers.com/news/2013/12/portland-timbers-select-steve-zakuani-stage-1-mls-re-entry-process |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131212204646/http://www.portlandtimbers.com/news/2013/12/portland-timbers-select-steve-zakuani-stage-1-mls-re-entry-process |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=portlandtimbers.com}}</ref> Zakuani ya sake haduwa da Caleb Porter, tsohon kocinsa na Akron, wanda ya zama manajan Portland. An yanke masa albashin dala 60,000 zuwa $120,000 a shekara. <ref name="WSS">{{Cite web |last=Asher |first=Abe |date=30 September 2014 |title=The Sad Tale of Steve Zakuani's Ailing MLS Career |url=http://worldsoccertalk.com/2014/09/30/the-sad-tale-of-steve-zakuanis-ailing-mls-career/ |access-date=14 November 2014 |publisher=World Soccer Talk}}</ref> Ana sa ran Zakuani zai sami ƙarin mintuna nan da nan saboda ɗan wasan na farko Rodney Wallace yana murmurewa daga rauni. Zakuani ya bayyana a wasan farko na Timbers a shekarar 2014 da Philadelphia Union a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin a minti na 85. <ref name="timbers">{{Cite web |title=Portland Timbers 1, Philadelphia Union 1 | Portland Timbers |url=http://www.timbers.com/news/2014/03/match-recap-portland-timbers-1-philadelphia-union-1 |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=timbers.com}}</ref> The Sounders da Timbers ne m kishiyoyinsu ; lokacin da ƙungiyoyin suka hadu a 2014 Lamar Hunt US Open Cup . Zakuani ya taimaka wa tsohon abokin wasan koleji Darlington Nagbe a ragar Timbers a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a kulob din da ya gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=John |date=9 July 2014 |title=Sounders beat Timbers 3–1 in U.S. Open Cup quarterfinal |url=http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20140709/SPORTS/140709148 |access-date=9 January 2015 |website=The Herald}}</ref> Zakuani ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a Timbers a ranar 19 ga Agusta 2014, inda ya zira kwallon farko a ragar Alpha United da ci 4-1 a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na 2014–15 CONCACAF . Bayan kammala wasan, Porter ya zanta da manema labarai kan bukatar zama Zakuani a benci saboda ciwon tsoka da yake fama da shi. <ref name="WSS" />
{{Quote box|title=}}
2014 ta kasance abin kunya ga Zakuani; bai zura kwallo a raga ba kuma ya taimaka aka zura kwallaye uku. <ref name="WSS">{{Cite web |last=Asher |first=Abe |date=30 September 2014 |title=The Sad Tale of Steve Zakuani's Ailing MLS Career |url=http://worldsoccertalk.com/2014/09/30/the-sad-tale-of-steve-zakuanis-ailing-mls-career/ |access-date=14 November 2014 |publisher=World Soccer Talk}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2014, Zakuani ya sanar da yin murabus a cikin wani rubutu na yanar gizo. Bayan da ya zura kwallo daya kacal ya taimaka biyar a kakar wasanni uku da suka gabata, ya yi nuni da wahalar da ya samu daga raunin da ya samu. Ya rasa madaidaicin sa, saurin sa, da kuma kwarin gwiwa tun lokacin da aka ji masa rauni. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Prindville |first=Mike |date=29 October 2014 |title=Timbers' Steve Zakuani announces retirement from professional soccer |url=http://prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com/2014/10/29/timbers-steve-zakuani-announces-retirement-from-professional-soccer/ |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=NBC Sports}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya tun yana ƙanana 26; ritayarsa bayan wa'adinsa na farko ya jagoranci ''Sports Illustrated'' don kwatanta aikinsa a matsayin "mafi kyawun abin nadi".
Zakuani ya cancanci buga wa [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|Kongo]] da Ingila wasa . Ya dauki Landan garinsu amma har yanzu yana kallon kansa a matsayin dan Congo. <ref name="Interview 15-30">{{Cite web |date=29 March 2010 |title=15/30 Interview – Steve Zakuani |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721213953/http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Prost Amerika Soccer}}</ref> <ref name="Interview 2009-01-16">{{Cite web |last=Cardillo |first=Michael |date=16 January 2009 |title=MLS No. 1 Pick Steve Zakuani Takes Time to Talk with FanHouse |url=http://soccer.fanhouse.com/2009/01/16/mls-no-1-pick-steve-zakuani-chats-with-fanhouse/ |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=AOL News}}</ref> Daga cikin 'yan uwansa biyar, {{As of|April 2015}} </link></link> , Babban yayansa Gabriel Zakuani yana taka leda a kulob din Northampton Town na Ingila kuma memba ne a cikin tawagar kasar Kongo. Wataƙila ya iya buga wa Amurka wasa idan an ba shi izinin zama ɗan ƙasa. Ya nuna sha'awar wakiltar tawagar 'yan wasan Kongo a farkon aikinsa, <ref name="Interview 2010-01-26">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=26 January 2009 |title=Steve Zakuani – 6 days a Sounder |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2009/01/steve-zakuani-6-days-a-sounder/ |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Winner |first=Andrew |date=15 June 2010 |title=Under African Skies: Zakuani dreams of Congo selection |url=http://m.mlssoccer.com/news/article/under-african-skies-zakuani-dreams-congo-selection |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110144339/http://m.mlssoccer.com/news/article/under-african-skies-zakuani-dreams-congo-selection |archive-date=10 January 2015 |access-date=10 January 2015 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> amma ya yi la'akari da damar da ya samu na bugawa Ingila "tsawon harbi". Daga baya a fagen wasansa, ya nuna sha'awar bugawa Amurka wasa, yana mai cewa, "A cikin ukun, na fi son Amurka saboda a nan ne na sanya sunana a matsayin dan wasa". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brennan |first=Dan |title=Catching up with Steve Zakuani |url=http://www.arsenal.com/usa/news/features/catching-up-with-steve-zakuani |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328165322/http://www.arsenal.com/usa/news/features/catching-up-with-steve-zakuani |archive-date=28 March 2014 |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Arsenal FC}}</ref>
A cikin 2010, Zakuani ya karɓi kiran da aka yi masa daga Kongo don wasan sada zumunci da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mali|Mali]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2010 |title=Midfielder Steve Zakuani Called in by Congo DR |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/News/Articles/2010/11-November/Zakuani-Called-In-By-DR-Congo.aspx |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> A cikin wata sanarwa da ya fitar, Zakuani ya bayyana hakan ne a matsayin babbar karramawa ga matashin da ya yi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spratt |first=Gerry |date=12 November 2010 |title=Sounders midfielder Zakuani called in for DR Congo friendly |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/sounders/2010/11/12/sounders-midfielder-zakuani-called-in-for-dr-congo-friendly/ |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref> Shawara ce mai wahala a gare shi amma jira don samun cancantar buga wa Amurka ta yi tsayi da yawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hall |first=Courtney D. |date=Fall 2012 |title=Fishing for All-Stars in a Time of Global Free Agency: Understanding FIFA Eligibility Rules and the Impact on the U.S. Men 's National Team |journal=Marquette Sports Law Review |volume=23 |issue=1 |page=200}}</ref> An buga wasan a Dieppe, Faransa, a cikin Nuwamba 2010. Zakuani ne ya fara wasan kuma aka tashi daga hutun rabin lokaci inda Congo ta ci gaba. Mali dai ta tashi wasan ne a karo na biyu, inda ta doke Congo da ci 3-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2010 |title=Zakuani Plays First Half on DR Congo Debut |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/2010/11/17/zakuanis-congo-debut-ends-in-defeat/32144 |access-date=10 January 2015 |publisher=Prost Amerika}}</ref>
== Salon wasa ==
{{Quote box|title=}}
Zakuani dan wasan dama ne wanda ya gwammace ya kasance a gefen hagu na fili. Ya taka leda a [[Mai buga tsakiya|bangaren hagu]] a wasan 4–4–2 da Arsenal; daga baya ya kasance dan gaba a jami'a kafin ya koma winger da kwarewa. <ref name="Interview 2010-01-26">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=26 January 2009 |title=Steve Zakuani – 6 days a Sounder |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2009/01/steve-zakuani-6-days-a-sounder/ |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> Zakuani ya ce ya taka leda da salon da ya koyo a makarantar matasa ta Arsenal kuma ya yi kokarin yin koyi da salon tsohon dan wasan winger [[Robert Pires]] . <ref name="Interview 2009-01-16">{{Cite web |last=Cardillo |first=Michael |date=16 January 2009 |title=MLS No. 1 Pick Steve Zakuani Takes Time to Talk with FanHouse |url=http://soccer.fanhouse.com/2009/01/16/mls-no-1-pick-steve-zakuani-chats-with-fanhouse/ |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=AOL News}}</ref> <ref name="BR Hare">{{Cite web |last=Hare |first=Bill |date=1 August 2010 |title=Steve Zakuani: From Africa To London To Seattle Sounders Stardom |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/428218-steve-zakuani-from-africa-to-london-to-seattle-sounders-stardom |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Zakuani yakan nemi shawara daga tsohon dan wasan Arsenal [[Freddie Ljungberg]] lokacin da suke wasa tare a Seattle. <ref name="Seattle Times Sep15">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=José Miguel |date=15 September 2009 |title=Sounders FC midfielder Steve Zakuani is pleased with MLS rookie season |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/sounders/2009873013_sounders16.html |access-date=12 January 2015 |website=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Zakuani ya kasance dan wasa mai sauri, mai hazaka wanda yake son daukar masu tsaron baya daya-da-daya. <ref name="PI Feb 2010">{{Cite web |last=Johns |first=Greg |date=12 February 2010 |title=Zakuani ready to shoulder bigger role for Sounders FC |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/sounders/2010/02/12/zakuani-ready-to-shoulder-bigger-role-for-sounders-fc/ |access-date=9 January 2015 |website=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref> Yayin da yake horar da shi a Akron, Porter ya ce yawancin kwallayen Zakuani sun zo ne bayan dogon gudu da suka doke 'yan wasa da dama.
== Rayuwa ta sirri da ritaya ==
Bayan ya yi ritaya a cikin 2014, Zakuani ya shiga ƙungiyar watsa shirye-shiryen Sounders a matsayin manazarci kuma daga baya sharhin launi. Ya ƙi shiga Apple TV 's MLS Season Pass, wanda ya maye gurbin watsa shirye-shiryen gida a cikin 2023, saboda jadawalin balaguron ƙasa. Ya buga wani abin tunawa, "kwanakin 500", a cikin 2015 da wani shirin gaskiya a cikin 2018 wanda ya ba da tarihin murmurewa daga raunin 2011.
Zakuani ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin koci na Tacoma Stars, ƙungiyar cikin gida a cikin Major Arena Soccer League, daga 2015 zuwa 2016. Ya zama babban koci a makarantar sakandare ta Bellevue a shekarar 2019, inda ya kai kungiyar zuwa gasar zakarun Turai.
=== Fatan Mulki ===
Lokacin yana matashi a Landan, Zakuani ya fara "cakuwa da jama'ar da ba daidai ba". 'Yan mata da shagali ne suka dauke shi daga wasan kwallon kafa. <ref name="Seattle Times 2010-04-28" /> A wata hira da ya yi da shi, ya ce, “Da yawa daga cikin mutanen da na taso tare da su sun kasance a gidan yari, suna shan kwaya, ba su taba shiga jami’a ba”. Yana da kwarin gwiwa game da karuwar laifukan wuka a Landan tun lokacin da aka kashe wani abokinsa. <ref name="Interview 15-30">{{Cite web |date=29 March 2010 |title=15/30 Interview – Steve Zakuani |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721213953/http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Prost Amerika Soccer}}</ref> A cikin 2010, ya kafa ƙungiyar sa-kai ta Kingdom Hope don gudanar da sansanonin ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa a yankin Seattle mafi girma. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=2 March 2010 |title=Beyond the Touchline: Steve Zakuani Launches Kingdom Hope |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2010/3/2/1334170/beyond-the-touchline-steve-zakuani |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> Ya tuna cewa ya mayar da hankali kan ƙwallon ƙafa maimakon ilimi a Turai; kungiyar ta mayar da hankali ne kan bayar da tallafin karatu na kwaleji ga matasa 'yan wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2012 |title=Sounders FC's Steve Zakuani talks about Kingdom Hope |url=http://www.king5.com/story/news/local/2014/08/03/13188782/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113123347/http://www.king5.com/story/news/local/2014/08/03/13188782/ |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=NBC King 5}}</ref> Zakuani ya ce babban burinsa shi ne bude wata makarantar koyar da koyar da rayuwa da kwallon kafa ga matasa don samar da “gada tsakanin hazaka da kuma yin ta a zahiri”.
== Kididdigar sana'a ==
{{Updated|3 November 2014.}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" |Club performance
! colspan="2" |League
! colspan="2" |Cup
! colspan="2" |League Cup
! colspan="2" |Continental
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!Club
!Season
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
|Cleveland Internationals
|2008<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleveland Internationals 2008 Roster |url=http://www.uslsoccer.com/teams/2008/roster/934451.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610070332/http://www.uslsoccer.com/teams/2008/roster/934451.html |archive-date=10 June 2011 |access-date=24 May 2011 |publisher=United Soccer Leagues}}</ref>
|USL Premier Development League
|11
|9
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
|11
|9
|-
| rowspan="6" |Seattle Sounders FC
|2009<ref>{{Cite web |title=2009 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Team/Stats/2009.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123150222/http://www.soundersfc.com/team/stats/2009.aspx |archive-date=23 January 2013 |access-date=24 May 2011 |publisher=Seattle Sounders}}</ref>
| rowspan="5" |Major League Soccer
|29
|4
|4
|0
|2
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|35
|4
|-
|2010<ref>{{Cite web |title=2010 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/stats/season?year=2010&season_type=REG&group=GOALS |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref>
|29
|10
|3
|0
|2
|1
|3
|0
|37
|11
|-
|2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=2011 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/stats/season?year=2011&season_type=REG&group=GOALS |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref>
|6
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|6
|2
|-
|2012<ref name="2012stats">{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=2012 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Team/Stats/2012.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116073007/http://www.soundersfc.com/team/stats/2012.aspx |archive-date=16 January 2013 |access-date=4 January 2013 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref>
|8
|1
|0
|0
|3
|0
|1
|1
|12
|2
|-
|2013<ref>{{Cite web |title=2013 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/stats/season?year=2013&season_type=REG&group=GOALS |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref>
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|3
|0
|11
|0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!80
!17
!7
!0
!7
!1
!7
!1
!100
!19
|-
|Portland Timbers
|2014<ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 Team Statistics |url=http://www.timbers.com/stats/season?season_year=2014&season_type=REG&group=GOALS |access-date=1 March 2014 |publisher=Portland Timbers}}</ref>
|Major League Soccer
|17
|0
|2
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|1
|1
|20
|1
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!108
!26
!9
!0
!7
!1
!8
!2
!131
!29
|}
== Girmamawa ==
=== Kulob ===
'''Seattle Sounders FC'''
* Lamar Hunt US Open Cup (2): 2009, 2010
== MANAZARTA ==
{{Reflist}}
== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
* [http://stevezakuani.com/ Shafi na sirri na Steve Zakuani]
* Steve Zakuani
* [http://kingdom-hope.org/ Fatan Mulki]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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'''Steve Zakuani''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu shekarata alif 1988) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Kwango . An haife shi a Zaire— [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Kwango]] a yanzu—kuma ya girma a [[Landan]] . Bayan nasarar aikin kwaleji, ya buga wa Seattle Sounders FC da Portland Timbers .
Zakuani ya taka leda a makarantar matasa ta Arsenal, amma sai ya yi fama da neman tawagar. Ya halarci Jami'ar Akron akan tallafin ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda ya yi fice a matsayin mai ci gaba . A cikin shekarar 2009, Seattle ta zaɓi Zakuani tare da zaɓi na farko gabaɗaya a cikin MLS SuperDraft . Nan da nan ya zama dan wasan da aka fi so a matsayin winger tare da sauri da kuma ikon ɗaukar masu kare adawa.
An ci gaba da samun nasara a shekara ta 2010 inda Zakuani ya ci kwallaye goma kuma ya fara buga wa [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|tawagar kwallon kafar Congo DR]] a wasan sada zumunci. Koyaya, a cikin 2011, ya sami rauni kusan ƙarshen aiki. Ya kasa sake samun nasarar da ya samu a farkon lokacin da ya dawo a shekarar 2012, kafin ya yi ritaya bayan ya buga kakar MLS ta shekarar 2014 tare da Portland Timbers. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa, Zakuani yana taimaka wa matasa 'yan wasa ta hanyar aikin agaji, ya shiga ƙungiyar watsa shirye-shirye ta ranar wasan Sounders, da masu horarwa a makarantar sakandare ta Bellevue .
== Sana'a ==
=== Matasa da jami'a ===
An haifi Zakuani a [[Kinshasa]], Zaire — yanzu [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango]] . Lokacin da yake da shekaru hudu, mahaifinsa, Mao Zakuani, ya ƙaura da iyalinsa zuwa [[Landan|London]], saboda dalilai na siyasa da na sana'a, a matsayin mai fassara. Iyalin sun sauya gidaje akai-akai kuma sun zauna tare da dangi na dogon lokaci. Daga karshe suka zauna a wata unguwar arewacin London tare da wasu iyalai na Afirka, inda Zakaani ya halarci makarantar White Hart Lane . <ref name="Interview 15-30">{{Cite web |date=29 March 2010 |title=15/30 Interview – Steve Zakuani |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721213953/http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Prost Amerika Soccer}}</ref>
Lokacin da yake da shekaru tara, Zakuani ya jawo sha'awar shirin matasa na West Ham United . Daga baya ya yi ƙoƙari don ƙungiyar matasa ta Queens Park Rangers, kuma ya shiga Kwalejin Arsenal a 1997. Zakuani ya zama jarumtaka da jajircewa alhali bai mai da hankali kan aikin makaranta ba kafin a sake shi. Abubuwan da ya faru a waje sun kai ga munanan raunuka lokacin da ya yi hatsari a kan moto da aka sace. Zakaani bai iya buga wasa na 18 ba watanni. Bayan ya rasa sha'awar ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ya sabunta ƙoƙarinsa na ilimi, ya kalli mai magana mai motsa rai, kuma mai bishara, Myles Munroe tare da malami. Wannan ya zaburar da Zakuani don sabunta alƙawarinsa na zama ƙwararren ɗan wasa kuma, ko da yake bai yi nasara ba, ya yi ƙoƙari don manyan ƙungiyoyin Queens Park Rangers, Wigan Athletic, AZ Alkmaar, da Real Valladolid .
Zakuani ya halarci Jami'ar Akron bayan an lura da shi a lokacin da yake wasa a Kwalejin Kwallon Kafa mai zaman kanta ta arewacin London. A cikin sabon kakarsa, ya zira kwallaye shida tare da Zips kuma ya sami tayin ƙwararru daga Preston North End . Ya riga ya jajirce a jami'ar kuma ya ki samun damar. A 2008, Zakaani ya ci 20 burin da 7 yana taimakawa fiye da 23 wasanni don zama dan wasan karshe na Hermann Trophy ; lambar yabo ta Missouri Athletic Club ke bayarwa duk shekara ga babban ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar. Ya kuma zama dan wasa na biyu na biyu da aka nada a matsayin gwarzon dan wasan koli ''na maza na Soccer America'' . <ref name="Evening Telegraph" /> Ya buga wani yanki na 2008 USL Premier Development League kakar tare da Cleveland Internationals, wanda ya zira kwallaye tara kuma ya taimaka hudu a wasanni 11.
=== Kwararren ===
==== Seattle Sounders FC ====
An zaɓi Zakuani ta ƙungiyar faɗaɗa Seattle Sounders FC a matsayin zaɓi na ɗaya a cikin 2009 MLS SuperDraft akan kwangilar shirin Generation Adidas . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2009 |title=Gaschk on the SuperDraft |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/News/Articles/2009/01-January/Gaschk-on-the-SuperDraft.aspx |access-date=14 July 2011 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> Ya ki yarda da tayi daga kungiyoyin Ingila guda biyu don haka zai iya shiga tare da Major League Soccer ; yarjejeniyar ta ba shi damar ware kudi don karatun kwaleji a nan gaba. <ref name="ESPN 2009-02-22">{{Cite web |last=Zakuani |first=Steve |date=22 February 2009 |title=Adjusting to the pro lifestyle |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/columns/story?id=621516&cc=5901 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023075444/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/columns/story?id=621516&cc=5901 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Ya fara wasanni 24 cikin 30 na yau da kullun a cikin 2009 kuma ya buga wasan [[Buɗe Gasar Wasan Yankin Turai Na Ƙarshen Shekarar 2009|karshe na Lamar Hunt US Open Cup]], lokacin da Sounders suka zama ƙungiyar MLS ta biyu da ta lashe gasar a lokacin buɗewar su. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=José Miguel |date=2 September 2009 |title=Tonight's lineups: Le Toux, Vagenas start |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/soundersfcblog/2009794946_dc_unitedcoms_starting_lineups.html |access-date=25 January 2010 |website=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Zakuani ya samar da gaban kai hari da ake bukata daga reshe; shi ne dan wasa na uku da ya fi zura kwallo a raga da kwallaye hudu a duk kakar wasa ta yau da kullum. 'Yan jarida sun dauke shi a matsayin dan takarar Rookie na Year saboda yana da mafi yawan adadin kwallaye da taimakon duk sababbin 'yan wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Travis |date=30 April 2009 |title=Top Five MLS Rookie Performers |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/165112-top-five-mls-rookie-performers |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Daga karshe dai kyautar ta samu ga Omar Gonzalez . Wani mai ba da rahoto na cikin gida ya yaba masa saboda inganta taimakon da yake bayarwa ga tsaro da kuma samar da ingantattun hare-hare yayin da kakar ke ci gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=6 October 2009 |title=Zakuani – 1st year learnings, Playoff preview |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2009/10/zakuani-1st-year-learnings-playoff-preview |access-date=13 January 2015 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> Duk da cewa an riga an san Zakuani a matsayin babban matashin ɗan wasa, koci Sigi Schmid ya so ya inganta shawararsa a filin wasa da kuma ƙara lafiyarsa kafin shekara mai zuwa. <ref name="PI Feb 2010">{{Cite web |last=Johns |first=Greg |date=12 February 2010 |title=Zakuani ready to shoulder bigger role for Sounders FC |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/sounders/2010/02/12/zakuani-ready-to-shoulder-bigger-role-for-sounders-fc/ |access-date=9 January 2015 |website=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref>
[[Fayil:Steve_Zakuani_dribble.jpg|alt=Zakuani dribbles towards an opposing player during a match|right|thumb| Zakuani da Philadelphia a 2010.]]
A shekara ta 2009, rauni a kafada wanda ya iyakance ikon Zakuani na buga cikakken minti 90 a kowane wasa ya tilasta masa yin tiyata a lokacin hutun kakar wasa. A shekararsa ta biyu na kwarewa, Zakuani ya zura kwallaye goma, wanda ya yi daidai da maki da dan wasan gaba Fredy Montero ya ci a kungiyar. Ya kuma yi taimako guda shida. An zabi Zakaani dan wasan mako na MLS sau biyu; na farko shi ne bayan rikodin biyu a raga a ci 2-1 a kan Colorado, kuma na biyu an ba shi ne don burin biyu da kuma taimako a nasarar 2-1 a kan Chivas USA . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johns |first=Greg |date=26 July 2010 |title=Zakuani earns Sounders' first MLS Player of Week honor |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/sounders/2010/07/26/zakuani-earns-sounders-first-mls-player-of-week-honor/ |access-date=12 January 2015 |website=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2010 |title=Zakuani named MLS Player of the Week for second time |url=http://www.news10.net/news/article/101418/364/Zakuani-named-MLS-Player-of-the-Week-for-second-time |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113101717/http://www.news10.net/news/article/101418/364/Zakuani-named-MLS-Player-of-the-Week-for-second-time |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=ABC News 10}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2010 |title=Sounders' Zakuani wins AT&T Goal of the Week |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/sounders-zakuani-wins-att-goal-week |access-date=17 January 2015 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> Magoya bayan gasar sun kada kuri'ar yajin aikin a kan Chivas a matsayin Goal na mako. Zakuani kuma lashe lambar yabo ga daidai lokacin hutu bayan na tsaron gida da baya line ga daya-on-daya halin da ake ciki tare da Goalkeeper yayin da Buga k'wallaye a raga da Toronto FC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Zakuani wins AT&T Goal of Week |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/zakuani-wins-att-goal-week |access-date=17 January 2015 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> Har ila yau, ya rubuta burin da ya fi sauri a tarihin kulob din tare da minti na hudu a kan Columbus Crew, ya doke rikodin da ya gabata wanda ya kafa kakar wasa a baya. Zakuani ya sake kasancewa cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su fafata a [[2010 U.S. Open Cup final|gasar cin kofin Bude na Amurka ta 2010]], wanda Seattle ta lashe ta zama tawaga ta farko tun 1983 da ta maimaita a matsayin zakaran Bude Kofin. A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2010, ya zira kwallaye na farko na Sounders a cikin rashin nasara 2–1 ga Los Angeles Galaxy . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaschk |first=Matt |date=7 November 2010 |title=Sounders Season Ends in LA |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/News/Articles/2010/11-November/vs-LA-Galaxy.aspx |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> Ya karbi katinsa na kore bayan kakar wasa; wannan ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar saboda MLS ta iyakance adadin 'yan wasan duniya da ke akwai ga kowace ƙungiya kuma samun matsayin zama na dindindin ya keɓe shi daga hula.
Zakuani ya zira kwallaye biyu a raga kuma yana da taimako biyu a farkon bayyanarsa shida na kakar 2011 . A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2011, ƙalubale mai tsanani da Brian Mullan ya yi ya haifar da Zakuani ya fashe tibia da fibula minti uku cikin wasa da Colorado Rapids. An kai shi asibiti kuma an yi masa tiyata a ranar. A lokacin murmurewa, likitoci sun ji tsoron cewa kafarsa za ta bukaci yankewa saboda ciwon sashe . Damuwar ta samo asali ne sakamakon karancin jini wanda ke cutar da jijiyoyin da ke hade wurin da kafarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=7 November 2011 |title=Steve Zakuani Continues Recovery, Reveals Compartment Syndrome Complication |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2011/11/7/2545312/steve-zakuani-recovery-reveals-compartment-syndrome |access-date=17 January 2015 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> Da farko Mullan ya kare matakin, yana mai cewa zai sake yin kalubalen. Daga baya ya nemi afuwa yayin fuskantar karuwar bincike kuma ya sami dakatarwar wasanni 10 (daidai da haramcin mafi dadewa a tarihin MLS zuwa yau) da kuma tarar $5,000. Nelson Rodriguez, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na MLS, ya fada a cikin wata sanarwa cewa kwamitin ladabtarwa "ya ji mummunan yanayi" na laifin Mullan ya ba da hujjar hukuncin. 'Maganin Mullan shine nau'in wasan da muke buƙatar kawar da shi daga wasanmu, kuma matakin horo ya yi daidai da ƙoƙarinmu na yin hakan. ' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mayers |first=Joshua |date=28 April 2011 |title=Player who caused Steve Zakuani's broken leg given heavy punishment |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/sports/sounders/player-who-caused-steve-zakuanis-broken-leg-given-heavy-punishment |access-date=4 July 2017 |website=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Zakuani bai buga sauran kakar wasa ta bana ba, kuma wannan rauni ya nuna farkon karshen rayuwarsa a matsayin dan wasan kwallon kafa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Grahame L. |date=30 April 2011 |title=Brian Mullan should leave MLS after vicious tackle of Steve Zakuani |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/la-xpm-2011-apr-30-la-sp-jones-soccer-20110502-story.html |access-date=9 January 2015 |website=The Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Raunin Zakuani na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƴan wasa a duk faɗin gasar a waccan shekarar, abin da ya haifar da sukar cewa wasan MLS ya kasance mai tsauri har zuwa "dandama".
[[Fayil:Heath_Pearce_vs_Steve_Zakuani,_Sounders_FC_v._FC_Dallas.jpg|alt=Zakuani vies against a Dallas player for the ball|thumb| Zakuani vs Dallas in 2011.]]
A lokacin 2013 kakar, Zakuani ya yi kawai tara bayyanuwa a duk gasa kafin a sidelined da wasanni hernia . A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta taimako guda ɗaya a cikin wasan lig, da kuma taimakawa a burin cin nasara a wasan da suka yi da Tigres UANL na Mexico a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta CONCACAF . Daga baya an ajiye shi a ajiyar da ya ji rauni kuma an yi masa tiyata sau biyu a kowane gefen makwancinsa. Kwantiragin Zakuani ya amince ya kare, inda ya kawo karshen aikinsa na shekaru biyar da Sounders, inda ya fara wasa a wasanni 67 cikin 78 a gasar. A lokacin shi ne dan wasan gaba na uku a kungiyar da kwallaye 17.
A cikin Janairu 2017, ''The Seattle Times'' ta ruwaito cewa Zakuani ya dade yana atisaye tare da kungiyar, tare da kocin Brian Schmetzer ya kwatanta halin da yake ciki a matsayin "wani wuri tsakanin 'gwaji' da horo mai tsabta". Bayan wata daya, ya sanar da cewa ba zai koma wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba kuma a maimakon haka ya ci gaba da aikinsa na watsa shirye-shirye tare da Sounders. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2017 |title=Zakuani ends comeback attempt with Seattle Sounders |url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2017/02/08/steve-zakuani-ends-comeback-attempt-seattle-sounders |access-date=4 July 2017 |publisher=MLSsoccer.com}}</ref>
==== Portland Timbers ====
A ranar 12 Disamba 2013, Portland Timbers ya zaɓi Zakuani a matsayin lamba biyu a cikin Tsarin Sake Shiga MLS ; daftarin shekara wanda ke ba ƙungiyoyi damar zaɓar 'yan wasan da ba su da kwantiragi ko kuma ƙungiyoyinsu na yanzu sun ƙi zaɓin su. Timbers sun yi ciniki don damar. <ref name="portlandtimbers">{{Cite web |title=Portland Timbers select Steve Zakuani in Stage 1 of MLS Re-Entry Process | Portland Timbers |url=http://www.portlandtimbers.com/news/2013/12/portland-timbers-select-steve-zakuani-stage-1-mls-re-entry-process |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131212204646/http://www.portlandtimbers.com/news/2013/12/portland-timbers-select-steve-zakuani-stage-1-mls-re-entry-process |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=portlandtimbers.com}}</ref> Zakuani ya sake haduwa da Caleb Porter, tsohon kocinsa na Akron, wanda ya zama manajan Portland. An yanke masa albashin dala 60,000 zuwa $120,000 a shekara. <ref name="WSS">{{Cite web |last=Asher |first=Abe |date=30 September 2014 |title=The Sad Tale of Steve Zakuani's Ailing MLS Career |url=http://worldsoccertalk.com/2014/09/30/the-sad-tale-of-steve-zakuanis-ailing-mls-career/ |access-date=14 November 2014 |publisher=World Soccer Talk}}</ref> Ana sa ran Zakuani zai sami ƙarin mintuna nan da nan saboda ɗan wasan na farko Rodney Wallace yana murmurewa daga rauni. Zakuani ya bayyana a wasan farko na Timbers a shekarar 2014 da Philadelphia Union a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin a minti na 85. <ref name="timbers">{{Cite web |title=Portland Timbers 1, Philadelphia Union 1 | Portland Timbers |url=http://www.timbers.com/news/2014/03/match-recap-portland-timbers-1-philadelphia-union-1 |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=timbers.com}}</ref> The Sounders da Timbers ne m kishiyoyinsu ; lokacin da ƙungiyoyin suka hadu a 2014 Lamar Hunt US Open Cup . Zakuani ya taimaka wa tsohon abokin wasan koleji Darlington Nagbe a ragar Timbers a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a kulob din da ya gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=John |date=9 July 2014 |title=Sounders beat Timbers 3–1 in U.S. Open Cup quarterfinal |url=http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20140709/SPORTS/140709148 |access-date=9 January 2015 |website=The Herald}}</ref> Zakuani ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a Timbers a ranar 19 ga Agusta 2014, inda ya zira kwallon farko a ragar Alpha United da ci 4-1 a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na 2014–15 CONCACAF . Bayan kammala wasan, Porter ya zanta da manema labarai kan bukatar zama Zakuani a benci saboda ciwon tsoka da yake fama da shi. <ref name="WSS" />
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2014 ta kasance abin kunya ga Zakuani; bai zura kwallo a raga ba kuma ya taimaka aka zura kwallaye uku. <ref name="WSS">{{Cite web |last=Asher |first=Abe |date=30 September 2014 |title=The Sad Tale of Steve Zakuani's Ailing MLS Career |url=http://worldsoccertalk.com/2014/09/30/the-sad-tale-of-steve-zakuanis-ailing-mls-career/ |access-date=14 November 2014 |publisher=World Soccer Talk}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2014, Zakuani ya sanar da yin murabus a cikin wani rubutu na yanar gizo. Bayan da ya zura kwallo daya kacal ya taimaka biyar a kakar wasanni uku da suka gabata, ya yi nuni da wahalar da ya samu daga raunin da ya samu. Ya rasa madaidaicin sa, saurin sa, da kuma kwarin gwiwa tun lokacin da aka ji masa rauni. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Prindville |first=Mike |date=29 October 2014 |title=Timbers' Steve Zakuani announces retirement from professional soccer |url=http://prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com/2014/10/29/timbers-steve-zakuani-announces-retirement-from-professional-soccer/ |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=NBC Sports}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya tun yana ƙanana 26; ritayarsa bayan wa'adinsa na farko ya jagoranci ''Sports Illustrated'' don kwatanta aikinsa a matsayin "mafi kyawun abin nadi".
Zakuani ya cancanci buga wa [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|Kongo]] da Ingila wasa . Ya dauki Landan garinsu amma har yanzu yana kallon kansa a matsayin dan Congo. <ref name="Interview 15-30">{{Cite web |date=29 March 2010 |title=15/30 Interview – Steve Zakuani |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721213953/http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Prost Amerika Soccer}}</ref> <ref name="Interview 2009-01-16">{{Cite web |last=Cardillo |first=Michael |date=16 January 2009 |title=MLS No. 1 Pick Steve Zakuani Takes Time to Talk with FanHouse |url=http://soccer.fanhouse.com/2009/01/16/mls-no-1-pick-steve-zakuani-chats-with-fanhouse/ |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=AOL News}}</ref> Daga cikin 'yan uwansa biyar, {{As of|April 2015}} </link></link> , Babban yayansa Gabriel Zakuani yana taka leda a kulob din Northampton Town na Ingila kuma memba ne a cikin tawagar kasar Kongo. Wataƙila ya iya buga wa Amurka wasa idan an ba shi izinin zama ɗan ƙasa. Ya nuna sha'awar wakiltar tawagar 'yan wasan Kongo a farkon aikinsa, <ref name="Interview 2010-01-26">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=26 January 2009 |title=Steve Zakuani – 6 days a Sounder |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2009/01/steve-zakuani-6-days-a-sounder/ |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Winner |first=Andrew |date=15 June 2010 |title=Under African Skies: Zakuani dreams of Congo selection |url=http://m.mlssoccer.com/news/article/under-african-skies-zakuani-dreams-congo-selection |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110144339/http://m.mlssoccer.com/news/article/under-african-skies-zakuani-dreams-congo-selection |archive-date=10 January 2015 |access-date=10 January 2015 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> amma ya yi la'akari da damar da ya samu na bugawa Ingila "tsawon harbi". Daga baya a fagen wasansa, ya nuna sha'awar bugawa Amurka wasa, yana mai cewa, "A cikin ukun, na fi son Amurka saboda a nan ne na sanya sunana a matsayin dan wasa". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brennan |first=Dan |title=Catching up with Steve Zakuani |url=http://www.arsenal.com/usa/news/features/catching-up-with-steve-zakuani |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328165322/http://www.arsenal.com/usa/news/features/catching-up-with-steve-zakuani |archive-date=28 March 2014 |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Arsenal FC}}</ref>
A cikin 2010, Zakuani ya karɓi kiran da aka yi masa daga Kongo don wasan sada zumunci da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Mali|Mali]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2010 |title=Midfielder Steve Zakuani Called in by Congo DR |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/News/Articles/2010/11-November/Zakuani-Called-In-By-DR-Congo.aspx |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref> A cikin wata sanarwa da ya fitar, Zakuani ya bayyana hakan ne a matsayin babbar karramawa ga matashin da ya yi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spratt |first=Gerry |date=12 November 2010 |title=Sounders midfielder Zakuani called in for DR Congo friendly |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/sounders/2010/11/12/sounders-midfielder-zakuani-called-in-for-dr-congo-friendly/ |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref> Shawara ce mai wahala a gare shi amma jira don samun cancantar buga wa Amurka ta yi tsayi da yawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hall |first=Courtney D. |date=Fall 2012 |title=Fishing for All-Stars in a Time of Global Free Agency: Understanding FIFA Eligibility Rules and the Impact on the U.S. Men 's National Team |journal=Marquette Sports Law Review |volume=23 |issue=1 |page=200}}</ref> An buga wasan a Dieppe, Faransa, a cikin Nuwamba 2010. Zakuani ne ya fara wasan kuma aka tashi daga hutun rabin lokaci inda Congo ta ci gaba. Mali dai ta tashi wasan ne a karo na biyu, inda ta doke Congo da ci 3-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2010 |title=Zakuani Plays First Half on DR Congo Debut |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/2010/11/17/zakuanis-congo-debut-ends-in-defeat/32144 |access-date=10 January 2015 |publisher=Prost Amerika}}</ref>
== Salon wasa ==
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Zakuani dan wasan dama ne wanda ya gwammace ya kasance a gefen hagu na fili. Ya taka leda a [[Mai buga tsakiya|bangaren hagu]] a wasan 4–4–2 da Arsenal; daga baya ya kasance dan gaba a jami'a kafin ya koma winger da kwarewa. <ref name="Interview 2010-01-26">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=26 January 2009 |title=Steve Zakuani – 6 days a Sounder |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2009/01/steve-zakuani-6-days-a-sounder/ |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> Zakuani ya ce ya taka leda da salon da ya koyo a makarantar matasa ta Arsenal kuma ya yi kokarin yin koyi da salon tsohon dan wasan winger [[Robert Pires]] . <ref name="Interview 2009-01-16">{{Cite web |last=Cardillo |first=Michael |date=16 January 2009 |title=MLS No. 1 Pick Steve Zakuani Takes Time to Talk with FanHouse |url=http://soccer.fanhouse.com/2009/01/16/mls-no-1-pick-steve-zakuani-chats-with-fanhouse/ |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=AOL News}}</ref> <ref name="BR Hare">{{Cite web |last=Hare |first=Bill |date=1 August 2010 |title=Steve Zakuani: From Africa To London To Seattle Sounders Stardom |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/428218-steve-zakuani-from-africa-to-london-to-seattle-sounders-stardom |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Zakuani yakan nemi shawara daga tsohon dan wasan Arsenal [[Freddie Ljungberg]] lokacin da suke wasa tare a Seattle. <ref name="Seattle Times Sep15">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=José Miguel |date=15 September 2009 |title=Sounders FC midfielder Steve Zakuani is pleased with MLS rookie season |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/sounders/2009873013_sounders16.html |access-date=12 January 2015 |website=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Zakuani ya kasance dan wasa mai sauri, mai hazaka wanda yake son daukar masu tsaron baya daya-da-daya. <ref name="PI Feb 2010">{{Cite web |last=Johns |first=Greg |date=12 February 2010 |title=Zakuani ready to shoulder bigger role for Sounders FC |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/sounders/2010/02/12/zakuani-ready-to-shoulder-bigger-role-for-sounders-fc/ |access-date=9 January 2015 |website=Seattle Post-Intelligencer}}</ref> Yayin da yake horar da shi a Akron, Porter ya ce yawancin kwallayen Zakuani sun zo ne bayan dogon gudu da suka doke 'yan wasa da dama.
== Rayuwa ta sirri da ritaya ==
Bayan ya yi ritaya a cikin 2014, Zakuani ya shiga ƙungiyar watsa shirye-shiryen Sounders a matsayin manazarci kuma daga baya sharhin launi. Ya ƙi shiga Apple TV 's MLS Season Pass, wanda ya maye gurbin watsa shirye-shiryen gida a cikin 2023, saboda jadawalin balaguron ƙasa. Ya buga wani abin tunawa, "kwanakin 500", a cikin 2015 da wani shirin gaskiya a cikin 2018 wanda ya ba da tarihin murmurewa daga raunin 2011.
Zakuani ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin koci na Tacoma Stars, ƙungiyar cikin gida a cikin Major Arena Soccer League, daga 2015 zuwa 2016. Ya zama babban koci a makarantar sakandare ta Bellevue a shekarar 2019, inda ya kai kungiyar zuwa gasar zakarun Turai.
=== Fatan Mulki ===
Lokacin yana matashi a Landan, Zakuani ya fara "cakuwa da jama'ar da ba daidai ba". 'Yan mata da shagali ne suka dauke shi daga wasan kwallon kafa. <ref name="Seattle Times 2010-04-28" /> A wata hira da ya yi da shi, ya ce, “Da yawa daga cikin mutanen da na taso tare da su sun kasance a gidan yari, suna shan kwaya, ba su taba shiga jami’a ba”. Yana da kwarin gwiwa game da karuwar laifukan wuka a Landan tun lokacin da aka kashe wani abokinsa. <ref name="Interview 15-30">{{Cite web |date=29 March 2010 |title=15/30 Interview – Steve Zakuani |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721213953/http://www.prostamerika.com/features/1530-interview-steve-zakuani/ |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Prost Amerika Soccer}}</ref> A cikin 2010, ya kafa ƙungiyar sa-kai ta Kingdom Hope don gudanar da sansanonin ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa a yankin Seattle mafi girma. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Dave |date=2 March 2010 |title=Beyond the Touchline: Steve Zakuani Launches Kingdom Hope |url=http://www.sounderatheart.com/2010/3/2/1334170/beyond-the-touchline-steve-zakuani |access-date=24 April 2011 |publisher=Sounder at Heart}}</ref> Ya tuna cewa ya mayar da hankali kan ƙwallon ƙafa maimakon ilimi a Turai; kungiyar ta mayar da hankali ne kan bayar da tallafin karatu na kwaleji ga matasa 'yan wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2012 |title=Sounders FC's Steve Zakuani talks about Kingdom Hope |url=http://www.king5.com/story/news/local/2014/08/03/13188782/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113123347/http://www.king5.com/story/news/local/2014/08/03/13188782/ |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=NBC King 5}}</ref> Zakuani ya ce babban burinsa shi ne bude wata makarantar koyar da koyar da rayuwa da kwallon kafa ga matasa don samar da “gada tsakanin hazaka da kuma yin ta a zahiri”.
== Kididdigar sana'a ==
{{Updated|3 November 2014.}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" |Club performance
! colspan="2" |League
! colspan="2" |Cup
! colspan="2" |League Cup
! colspan="2" |Continental
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!Club
!Season
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
|Cleveland Internationals
|2008<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleveland Internationals 2008 Roster |url=http://www.uslsoccer.com/teams/2008/roster/934451.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610070332/http://www.uslsoccer.com/teams/2008/roster/934451.html |archive-date=10 June 2011 |access-date=24 May 2011 |publisher=United Soccer Leagues}}</ref>
|USL Premier Development League
|11
|9
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
| colspan="2" |—
|11
|9
|-
| rowspan="6" |Seattle Sounders FC
|2009<ref>{{Cite web |title=2009 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Team/Stats/2009.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123150222/http://www.soundersfc.com/team/stats/2009.aspx |archive-date=23 January 2013 |access-date=24 May 2011 |publisher=Seattle Sounders}}</ref>
| rowspan="5" |Major League Soccer
|29
|4
|4
|0
|2
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|35
|4
|-
|2010<ref>{{Cite web |title=2010 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/stats/season?year=2010&season_type=REG&group=GOALS |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref>
|29
|10
|3
|0
|2
|1
|3
|0
|37
|11
|-
|2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=2011 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/stats/season?year=2011&season_type=REG&group=GOALS |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref>
|6
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|6
|2
|-
|2012<ref name="2012stats">{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=2012 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/Team/Stats/2012.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116073007/http://www.soundersfc.com/team/stats/2012.aspx |archive-date=16 January 2013 |access-date=4 January 2013 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref>
|8
|1
|0
|0
|3
|0
|1
|1
|12
|2
|-
|2013<ref>{{Cite web |title=2013 Team Statistics |url=http://www.soundersfc.com/stats/season?year=2013&season_type=REG&group=GOALS |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Seattle Sounders FC}}</ref>
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|3
|0
|11
|0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!80
!17
!7
!0
!7
!1
!7
!1
!100
!19
|-
|Portland Timbers
|2014<ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 Team Statistics |url=http://www.timbers.com/stats/season?season_year=2014&season_type=REG&group=GOALS |access-date=1 March 2014 |publisher=Portland Timbers}}</ref>
|Major League Soccer
|17
|0
|2
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|1
|1
|20
|1
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!108
!26
!9
!0
!7
!1
!8
!2
!131
!29
|}
== Girmamawa ==
=== Kulob ===
'''Seattle Sounders FC'''
* Lamar Hunt US Open Cup (2): 2009, 2010
== MANAZARTA ==
{{Reflist}}
== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
* [http://stevezakuani.com/ Shafi na sirri na Steve Zakuani]
* Steve Zakuani
* [http://kingdom-hope.org/ Fatan Mulki]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1252773182|Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam]]"
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[[Fayil:Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_by_M._V._Dhurandhar.jpg|thumb| Tarin katunan wasiƙa tare da zane-zane na ''Rubaiyat na Omar Khayyam'', na ɗan wasan Indiya MV Dhurandhar .]]
'''''Rubáiyát na Omar Khayyám''''' shine lakabin da Edward FitzGerald ya ba wa fassararsa ta 1859 daga [[Farisawa|Farisa]] zuwa Turanci na zaɓi na quatrains ( ''{{Lang|ar-Latn|[[ruba'i|rubāʿiyāt]]}}''</link> ) wanda aka danganta shi ga Omar Khayyam (1048-1131), wanda aka yiwa lakabi da "Mai ilmin taurari-mawaƙin Farisa".
Ko da yake a farkon kasuwanci bai yi nasara ba, aikin FitzGerald ya shahara daga 1861 zuwa gaba ta Whitley Stokes, kuma aikin ya zama abin sha'awar Pre-Raphaelites a Ingila. FitzGerald ya buga bugu na uku a cikin 1872, wanda ya ƙara sha'awar aikin a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . A cikin 1880s, littafin ya shahara sosai a duk faɗin duniyar masu magana da Ingilishi, har ta kai ga an kafa "Club ɗin Omar Khayyam" da yawa kuma an sami " {{Lang|fr|[[fin de siècle]]}}</link> ibadar Rubaiyyah"
An buga aikin FitzGerald a cikin bugu ɗari da yawa kuma ya ƙarfafa ƙoƙarin fassara irin wannan a cikin Turanci, Hindi da cikin wasu harsuna da yawa.
== Sources ==
[[Fayil:Rubaiyat_Morris_Burne-Jones_Manuscript.jpg|thumb| Shafi na rubutun ƙira tare da uku na FitzGerald's ''Rubaiyat'' wanda William Morris ya rubuta, zane ta Edward Burne-Jones (1870s).]]
[[Fayil:033-Earth-could-not-answer-nor-the-Seas-that-mourn-q75-829x1159.jpg|thumb| Misali na Adelaide Hanscom (c. 1910).]]
mutuwarsa. Wannan ra'ayi ya sami ƙarfafa daga wasu masana tarihi na zamanin da kamar Shahrazuri (1201) da Al-Qifti (1255). Sassan ''Rubayat'' sun bayyana a matsayin ambato na bazata daga Omar a farkon ayyukan tarihin rayuwa da kuma a cikin tarihin tarihi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ayyukan [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi|Razi]] (ca. 1160-1210), Daya (1230), Juvayni (ca. 1226-1283), da Jajarmi (1340). <ref name="Wine of Wisdom">{{Cite book|last3=Mehdi Aminrazavi}}</ref> {{Rp|92}} {{Rp|434}}Har ila yau, quatrains guda biyar da aka ba wa Khayyam a wani ɗan lokaci daga baya sun bayyana a cikin ''Sindbad-Nameh'' na Zahiri Samarqandi (kafin 1160) ba tare da sifa ba. {{Rp|34}}
A cikin 1930s, malaman Iran, musamman Mohammad-Ali Foroughi, sun yi ƙoƙarin sake gina ainihin ainihin ayoyi daga warwatsun maganganun marubuta na ƙarni na 13 da 14, suna watsi da al'adar rubutun ƙaramin. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yunƙurin sake ginawa sun yi jinkiri sosai ta hanyar jabun wayo guda biyu. De Blois (2004) ya kasance mai raɗaɗi, yana nuna cewa karatun zamani bai wuce yanayin shekarun 1930 ba, lokacin da Hans Heinrich Schaeder yayi sharhi cewa sunan Omar Khayyam "za a fitar da shi daga tarihin adabin Farisa".
Wani fasalin tarin kwanan nan shine rashin daidaituwar harshe da ci gaba da ra'ayoyi. [[Sadegh Hedayat]] yayi sharhi cewa "da a ce mutum ya rayu tsawon shekaru dari kuma ya canza addininsa da falsafarsa da kuma imaninsa sau biyu a rana, da kyar ya iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsa iri-iri". {{Rp|34}}Hukuncin ƙarshe na Hedayat shine cewa 14 quatrains za a iya danganta su ga Khayyam da tabbaci. <ref name="Sadeq Hedayat's Learning">{{Cite web |last=Bashiri |first=Iraj |title=Sadeq Hedayat's Learning |url=https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Fiction/Learning.html |access-date=3 November 2017 |website=Blind Owl}}</ref> An yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje daban-daban don rage quatrains da aka danganta ga Omar zuwa kusan 100. {{Rp|434}}Arthur Christensen ya bayyana cewa "fiye da ruba'in 1,200 da aka san cewa an baiwa Omar, 121 ne kawai za a iya daukar su a matsayin ingantacce." {{Rp|663}}Foroughi ya yarda da 178 quatrains a matsayin ingantacce, yayin da Ali Dashti ya karɓi 36 daga cikinsu. <ref name="Ross" /> {{Rp|96}}
Tushen FitzGerald rubuce-rubuce ne aka aika masa a cikin 1856-57, ta abokinsa kuma malaminsa Edward B. Cowell, na rubuce-rubuce biyu, rubutun Bodleian tare da 158 quatrains da kuma "Rubutun Calcutta".
FitzGerald ya kammala rubutunsa na farko a 1857 kuma ya aika zuwa ''Mujallar Fraser'' a cikin Janairu 1858. Ya yi wani sabon daftarin aiki a watan Janairu 1859, wanda ya buga kwafi 250 a sirri. Wannan bugu na farko ya zama abin nema sosai a shekarun 1890, lokacin da aka sayar da "fiye da kwafi miliyan biyu a cikin bugu dari biyu".
== Shakka vs. Sufanci muhawara ==
The extreme popularity of FitzGerald's work led to a prolonged debate on the correct interpretation of the philosophy behind the poems. FitzGerald emphasized the religious scepticism he found in Omar Khayyam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Dick |title=FitzGerald, Edward |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/fitzgerald- |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=Encyclopædia Iranica}}</ref> In his preface to the ''Rubáiyát'', he describes Omar's philosophy as Epicurean and claims that Omar was "hated and dreaded by the [[Sufiyya|Sufis]], whose practice he ridiculed and whose faith amounts to little more than his own when stripped of the Mysticism and formal recognition of Islamism under which Omar would not hide". Richard Nelson Frye also emphasizes that Khayyam was despised by a number of prominent contemporary Sufis. These include figures such as Shams Tabrizi, Najm al-Din Daya, [[Al-Ghazali]], and Attar, who "viewed Khayyam not as a fellow-mystic, but a free-thinking scientist".{{Rp|663–664}} The sceptic interpretation is supported by the medieval historian Al-Qifti (ca. 1172–1248), who in his ''The History of Learned Men'' reports that Omar's poems were only outwardly in the Sufi style but were written with an anti-religious agenda. He also mentions that Khayyam was indicted for impiety and went on a [[Aikin Hajji|pilgrimage]] to avoid punishment.
Masu sukar FitzGerald, a daya bangaren, sun zargi mai fassara da karkatar da sufancin waqoqin Sufanci ta hanyar fassara ta zahiri. Don haka, Bjerregaard (1915) ya kare ra'ayin Omar Khayyam a matsayin Sufi. Dougan (1991) ya kuma ce dangana [[hedonism]] ga Omar yana faruwa ne saboda gazawar fassarar FitzGerald, yana mai cewa waƙar ya kamata a fahimci ta a matsayin "zurfin esoteric". Haka Idries Shah (1999) ya ce FitzGerald ya yi kuskuren fahimtar waƙar Omar.
Tafsirin Sufaye ra'ayi ne na tsirarun malamai. Henry Beveridge ya bayyana cewa "Sufaye sun matsa wa wannan marubuci [Khayyam] hidima ba tare da wani laifi ba; suna bayyana wasu zaginsa ta hanyar fassarar tilastawa, wasu kuma suna wakilta a matsayin 'yanci da cin fuska maras laifi". Aminrazavi (2007) ya bayyana cewa “Tafsirin Sufanci na Khayyam yana yiwuwa ne kawai ta hanyar karantawa cikin Rubai’arsa mai yawa da kuma shimfida abin da ke ciki don dacewa da koyarwar Sufaye na gargajiya”. <ref name="Wine of Wisdom">{{Cite book|last3=Mehdi Aminrazavi}}</ref> {{Rp|128}}
FitzGerald's "mai tsattsauran ra'ayi" na karatun waƙar har yanzu yana kare shi daga malaman zamani. Sadegh Hedayat ( ''Makãho Owl'', 1936) shine wanda ya fi shahara na zamani mai goyon bayan falsafar Khayyam a matsayin scepticism. A cikin muqalarsa ta farko zuwa bugu na biyu na ''Quatrains of the Philosopher Omar Khayyam'' (1922), Hedayat ya bayyana cewa “yayin da Khayyam ya yi imani da canzawa da kuma canza jikin mutum, bai yarda da wani rai dabam ba; idan muka yi sa’a., za a yi amfani da barbashi na jikin mu wajen yin tulun giya”. Ya karkare da cewa "addini ya tabbatar da cewa ba zai iya tsallake tsoronsa ba; don haka Khayyam ya sami kansa shi kadai da rashin tsaro a cikin duniyar da iliminsa bai cika ba". A cikin aikinsa na baya ( ''Khayyam's Quatrains'', 1935), Hedayat ya ci gaba da tabbatar da cewa amfani da Khayyam na kalmomin Sufic kamar "giya" na zahiri ne, kuma "Khayyam ya fake cikin ruwan inabi don ya kawar da haushi kuma ya toshe bakin tunaninsa. " <ref name="Sadeq Hedayat's Learning">{{Cite web |last=Bashiri |first=Iraj |title=Sadeq Hedayat's Learning |url=https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Fiction/Learning.html |access-date=3 November 2017 |website=Blind Owl}}</ref>
== Bugawa ==
[[Fayil:Edmund_J_Sullivan_Illustrations_to_The_Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_First_Version_Quatrain-011.jpg|thumb| Misali na Edmund Joseph Sullivan don Quatrain 11 na FitzGerald's First Version.]]
[[Fayil:Edmund_J_Sullivan_Illustrations_to_The_Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_First_Version_Quatrain-012.jpg|thumb| Misali na Edmund Joseph Sullivan don Quatrain 12 na FitzGerald's First Version.]]
[[Fayil:Edmund_J_Sullivan_Illustrations_to_The_Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_First_Version_Quatrain-051.jpg|thumb| Misali na Edmund Joseph Sullivan don Quatrain 51 na FitzGerald's First Version.]]
An buga rubutun FitzGerald a cikin bugu biyar, tare da gyare-gyare masu mahimmanci:
* Bugu na farko - 1859 [75 quatrains]
* Bugu na 2 - 1868 [110 quatrains]
* Bugu na 3 - 1872 [101 quatrains]
** 1878, "bugu na farko na Amurka", sake bugawa na 3rd.
* Bugu na 4 - 1879 [101 quatrains]
* Bugu na 5 - 1889 [101 quatrains]
Daga cikin bugu biyar da aka buga, an buga hudu a ƙarƙashin ikon FitzGerald. Bugu na biyar, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan canje-canje daga na huɗu, an gyara shi bayan mutuwa bisa bitar rubutun da FitzGerald ya bari.
An buga bugu da yawa daga baya bayan 1889, musamman bugu tare da misalai na Willy Pogany wanda aka fara bugawa a 1909 (George G. Harrap, London). An fitar da shi a bugu da yawa da aka sake dubawa. Wannan fitowar ta haɗu da rubutun FitzGerald na bugu na 1st da 4th kuma an yi masa taken "Farko na Farko da na huɗu a cikin Aya ta Turanci".
Littafin littafi mai tsarki da aka harhada a cikin 1929 ya jera fiye da bugu 300 daban-daban. An buga wasu da yawa tun.
Fitattun bugu na ƙarshen 19th da farkon ƙarni na 20 sun haɗa da: Houghton, Miffin &amp; Co. (1887, 1888, 1894); Doxey, A Alamar Lark (1898, 1900), misalai na Florence Lundborg ; Kamfanin Macmillan (1899); Methuen (1900) tare da sharhi ta HM Batson, da kuma gabatarwar tarihin rayuwa ta ED Ross; Ƙananan, Brown, da Kamfanin (1900), tare da sassan EH Whinfield da Justin Huntly McCart; Bell (1901); Rubutu (1904); Foulis (1905, 1909); Essex House Press (1905); Dodge Publishing Company (1905); Duckworth & Co. (1908); Hodder da Stoughton (1909), misalai na Edmund Dulac ; Tauchnitz (1910); ''Gabas Anglian Daily Times'' (1909), abubuwan tunawa da bukukuwan karni; Warner (1913); Roycrofters (1913); Hodder & Stoughton (1913), misalai na René Bull ; Dodge Publishing Company (1914), misalai na Adelaide Hanscom . Sully da Kleinteich (1920).
Decker (1997) da Arberry (2016) ne suka buga bugu masu mahimmanci.
== Halin fassarar ==
Fassarar FitzGerald tana da kauri da awo, kuma maimakon haka kyauta ce . Yawancin ayoyin an fayyace su ne, kuma wasu daga cikinsu ba za a iya samun kwarin gwiwa a kan tushensa kwata-kwata. Michael Kearney ya yi iƙirarin cewa FitzGerald ya bayyana aikinsa a matsayin "transmogration". Mafi yawa daga ''cikin Rubaiyat'' za a iya la'akari da asali waqe ta FitzGerald sako-sako da bisa ga Omar's quatrains maimakon "fassara" a cikin kunkuntar ma'ana.
FitzGerald ya buɗe game da 'yancin da ya ɗauka tare da tushen sa:<blockquote>Fassarar tawa za ta ba ku sha'awa daga sigarta, da kuma ta fuskoki da yawa a cikin daki-daki: ba ta zahiri ba kamar yadda take. Yawancin quatrains suna haɗuwa tare: kuma wani abu ya ɓace, ina shakka, na sauƙi na Omar, wanda yake da kyau a gare shi. (wasika zuwa ga EB Cowell, 9/3/58)</blockquote><blockquote>Ina tsammanin mutane kaɗan ne suka taɓa ɗaukar irin wannan Ciwo a cikin Fassara kamar yadda nake da su: kodayake ba a zahiri ba. Amma a kowane farashi, abu dole ne ya rayu: tare da zubar da mafi muni na rayuwar mutum idan mutum ba zai iya riƙe Asalin da kyau ba. Gara Sparrow mai rai fiye da cushe Mikiya. (wasika zuwa ga EB Cowell, 4/27/59)</blockquote>Wannan quatrain yana da kusanci a cikin biyu daga cikin quatrains a cikin Laburaren Bodleian ms., lambobi 149 da 155. A cikin fassarar magana ta zahiri na Edward Heron-Allen (1898):
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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[[Fayil:Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_by_M._V._Dhurandhar.jpg|thumb| Tarin katunan wasiƙa tare da zane-zane na ''Rubaiyat na Omar Khayyam'', na ɗan wasan Indiya MV Dhurandhar .]]
'''''Rubáiyát na Omar Khayyám''''' shine lakabin da Edward FitzGerald ya ba wa fassararsa ta a shekarar alif 1859 daga [[Farisawa|Farisa]] zuwa Turanci na zaɓi na quatrains ( ''{{Lang|ar-Latn|[[ruba'i|rubāʿiyāt]]}}''</link> ) wanda aka danganta shi ga Omar Khayyam (daga shekarar alif 1048 zuwa shekarata alif 1131), wanda aka yiwa lakabi da "Mai ilmin taurari-mawaƙin Farisa".
Ko da yake a farkon kasuwanci bai yi nasara ba, aikin FitzGerald ya shahara daga shekarar 1861 zuwa gaba ta Whitley Stokes, kuma aikin ya zama abin sha'awar Pre-Raphaelites a Ingila. FitzGerald ya buga bugu na uku a cikin 1872, wanda ya ƙara sha'awar aikin a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . A cikin 1880s, littafin ya shahara sosai a duk faɗin duniyar masu magana da Ingilishi, har ta kai ga an kafa "Club ɗin Omar Khayyam" da yawa kuma an sami " {{Lang|fr|[[fin de siècle]]}}</link> ibadar Rubaiyyah"
An buga aikin FitzGerald a cikin bugu ɗari da yawa kuma ya ƙarfafa ƙoƙarin fassara irin wannan a cikin Turanci, Hindi da cikin wasu harsuna da yawa.
== Sources ==
[[Fayil:Rubaiyat_Morris_Burne-Jones_Manuscript.jpg|thumb| Shafi na rubutun ƙira tare da uku na FitzGerald's ''Rubaiyat'' wanda William Morris ya rubuta, zane ta Edward Burne-Jones (1870s).]]
[[Fayil:033-Earth-could-not-answer-nor-the-Seas-that-mourn-q75-829x1159.jpg|thumb| Misali na Adelaide Hanscom (c. 1910).]]
mutuwarsa. Wannan ra'ayi ya sami ƙarfafa daga wasu masana tarihi na zamanin da kamar Shahrazuri (1201) da Al-Qifti (1255). Sassan ''Rubayat'' sun bayyana a matsayin ambato na bazata daga Omar a farkon ayyukan tarihin rayuwa da kuma a cikin tarihin tarihi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ayyukan [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi|Razi]] (ca. 1160-1210), Daya (1230), Juvayni (ca. 1226-1283), da Jajarmi (1340). <ref name="Wine of Wisdom">{{Cite book|last3=Mehdi Aminrazavi}}</ref> {{Rp|92}} {{Rp|434}}Har ila yau, quatrains guda biyar da aka ba wa Khayyam a wani ɗan lokaci daga baya sun bayyana a cikin ''Sindbad-Nameh'' na Zahiri Samarqandi (kafin 1160) ba tare da sifa ba. {{Rp|34}}
A cikin 1930s, malaman Iran, musamman Mohammad-Ali Foroughi, sun yi ƙoƙarin sake gina ainihin ainihin ayoyi daga warwatsun maganganun marubuta na ƙarni na 13 da 14, suna watsi da al'adar rubutun ƙaramin. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yunƙurin sake ginawa sun yi jinkiri sosai ta hanyar jabun wayo guda biyu. De Blois (2004) ya kasance mai raɗaɗi, yana nuna cewa karatun zamani bai wuce yanayin shekarun 1930 ba, lokacin da Hans Heinrich Schaeder yayi sharhi cewa sunan Omar Khayyam "za a fitar da shi daga tarihin adabin Farisa".
Wani fasalin tarin kwanan nan shine rashin daidaituwar harshe da ci gaba da ra'ayoyi. [[Sadegh Hedayat]] yayi sharhi cewa "da a ce mutum ya rayu tsawon shekaru dari kuma ya canza addininsa da falsafarsa da kuma imaninsa sau biyu a rana, da kyar ya iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsa iri-iri". {{Rp|34}}Hukuncin ƙarshe na Hedayat shine cewa 14 quatrains za a iya danganta su ga Khayyam da tabbaci. <ref name="Sadeq Hedayat's Learning">{{Cite web |last=Bashiri |first=Iraj |title=Sadeq Hedayat's Learning |url=https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Fiction/Learning.html |access-date=3 November 2017 |website=Blind Owl}}</ref> An yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje daban-daban don rage quatrains da aka danganta ga Omar zuwa kusan 100. {{Rp|434}}Arthur Christensen ya bayyana cewa "fiye da ruba'in 1,200 da aka san cewa an baiwa Omar, 121 ne kawai za a iya daukar su a matsayin ingantacce." {{Rp|663}}Foroughi ya yarda da 178 quatrains a matsayin ingantacce, yayin da Ali Dashti ya karɓi 36 daga cikinsu. <ref name="Ross" /> {{Rp|96}}
Tushen FitzGerald rubuce-rubuce ne aka aika masa a cikin 1856-57, ta abokinsa kuma malaminsa Edward B. Cowell, na rubuce-rubuce biyu, rubutun Bodleian tare da 158 quatrains da kuma "Rubutun Calcutta".
FitzGerald ya kammala rubutunsa na farko a 1857 kuma ya aika zuwa ''Mujallar Fraser'' a cikin Janairu 1858. Ya yi wani sabon daftarin aiki a watan Janairu 1859, wanda ya buga kwafi 250 a sirri. Wannan bugu na farko ya zama abin nema sosai a shekarun 1890, lokacin da aka sayar da "fiye da kwafi miliyan biyu a cikin bugu dari biyu".
== Shakka vs. Sufanci muhawara ==
The extreme popularity of FitzGerald's work led to a prolonged debate on the correct interpretation of the philosophy behind the poems. FitzGerald emphasized the religious scepticism he found in Omar Khayyam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Dick |title=FitzGerald, Edward |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/fitzgerald- |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=Encyclopædia Iranica}}</ref> In his preface to the ''Rubáiyát'', he describes Omar's philosophy as Epicurean and claims that Omar was "hated and dreaded by the [[Sufiyya|Sufis]], whose practice he ridiculed and whose faith amounts to little more than his own when stripped of the Mysticism and formal recognition of Islamism under which Omar would not hide". Richard Nelson Frye also emphasizes that Khayyam was despised by a number of prominent contemporary Sufis. These include figures such as Shams Tabrizi, Najm al-Din Daya, [[Al-Ghazali]], and Attar, who "viewed Khayyam not as a fellow-mystic, but a free-thinking scientist".{{Rp|663–664}} The sceptic interpretation is supported by the medieval historian Al-Qifti (ca. 1172–1248), who in his ''The History of Learned Men'' reports that Omar's poems were only outwardly in the Sufi style but were written with an anti-religious agenda. He also mentions that Khayyam was indicted for impiety and went on a [[Aikin Hajji|pilgrimage]] to avoid punishment.
Masu sukar FitzGerald, a daya bangaren, sun zargi mai fassara da karkatar da sufancin waqoqin Sufanci ta hanyar fassara ta zahiri. Don haka, Bjerregaard (1915) ya kare ra'ayin Omar Khayyam a matsayin Sufi. Dougan (1991) ya kuma ce dangana [[hedonism]] ga Omar yana faruwa ne saboda gazawar fassarar FitzGerald, yana mai cewa waƙar ya kamata a fahimci ta a matsayin "zurfin esoteric". Haka Idries Shah (1999) ya ce FitzGerald ya yi kuskuren fahimtar waƙar Omar.
Tafsirin Sufaye ra'ayi ne na tsirarun malamai. Henry Beveridge ya bayyana cewa "Sufaye sun matsa wa wannan marubuci [Khayyam] hidima ba tare da wani laifi ba; suna bayyana wasu zaginsa ta hanyar fassarar tilastawa, wasu kuma suna wakilta a matsayin 'yanci da cin fuska maras laifi". Aminrazavi (2007) ya bayyana cewa “Tafsirin Sufanci na Khayyam yana yiwuwa ne kawai ta hanyar karantawa cikin Rubai’arsa mai yawa da kuma shimfida abin da ke ciki don dacewa da koyarwar Sufaye na gargajiya”. <ref name="Wine of Wisdom">{{Cite book|last3=Mehdi Aminrazavi}}</ref> {{Rp|128}}
FitzGerald's "mai tsattsauran ra'ayi" na karatun waƙar har yanzu yana kare shi daga malaman zamani. Sadegh Hedayat ( ''Makãho Owl'', 1936) shine wanda ya fi shahara na zamani mai goyon bayan falsafar Khayyam a matsayin scepticism. A cikin muqalarsa ta farko zuwa bugu na biyu na ''Quatrains of the Philosopher Omar Khayyam'' (1922), Hedayat ya bayyana cewa “yayin da Khayyam ya yi imani da canzawa da kuma canza jikin mutum, bai yarda da wani rai dabam ba; idan muka yi sa’a., za a yi amfani da barbashi na jikin mu wajen yin tulun giya”. Ya karkare da cewa "addini ya tabbatar da cewa ba zai iya tsallake tsoronsa ba; don haka Khayyam ya sami kansa shi kadai da rashin tsaro a cikin duniyar da iliminsa bai cika ba". A cikin aikinsa na baya ( ''Khayyam's Quatrains'', 1935), Hedayat ya ci gaba da tabbatar da cewa amfani da Khayyam na kalmomin Sufic kamar "giya" na zahiri ne, kuma "Khayyam ya fake cikin ruwan inabi don ya kawar da haushi kuma ya toshe bakin tunaninsa. " <ref name="Sadeq Hedayat's Learning">{{Cite web |last=Bashiri |first=Iraj |title=Sadeq Hedayat's Learning |url=https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Fiction/Learning.html |access-date=3 November 2017 |website=Blind Owl}}</ref>
== Bugawa ==
[[Fayil:Edmund_J_Sullivan_Illustrations_to_The_Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_First_Version_Quatrain-011.jpg|thumb| Misali na Edmund Joseph Sullivan don Quatrain 11 na FitzGerald's First Version.]]
[[Fayil:Edmund_J_Sullivan_Illustrations_to_The_Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_First_Version_Quatrain-012.jpg|thumb| Misali na Edmund Joseph Sullivan don Quatrain 12 na FitzGerald's First Version.]]
[[Fayil:Edmund_J_Sullivan_Illustrations_to_The_Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_First_Version_Quatrain-051.jpg|thumb| Misali na Edmund Joseph Sullivan don Quatrain 51 na FitzGerald's First Version.]]
An buga rubutun FitzGerald a cikin bugu biyar, tare da gyare-gyare masu mahimmanci:
* Bugu na farko - 1859 [75 quatrains]
* Bugu na 2 - 1868 [110 quatrains]
* Bugu na 3 - 1872 [101 quatrains]
** 1878, "bugu na farko na Amurka", sake bugawa na 3rd.
* Bugu na 4 - 1879 [101 quatrains]
* Bugu na 5 - 1889 [101 quatrains]
Daga cikin bugu biyar da aka buga, an buga hudu a ƙarƙashin ikon FitzGerald. Bugu na biyar, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan canje-canje daga na huɗu, an gyara shi bayan mutuwa bisa bitar rubutun da FitzGerald ya bari.
An buga bugu da yawa daga baya bayan 1889, musamman bugu tare da misalai na Willy Pogany wanda aka fara bugawa a 1909 (George G. Harrap, London). An fitar da shi a bugu da yawa da aka sake dubawa. Wannan fitowar ta haɗu da rubutun FitzGerald na bugu na 1st da 4th kuma an yi masa taken "Farko na Farko da na huɗu a cikin Aya ta Turanci".
Littafin littafi mai tsarki da aka harhada a cikin 1929 ya jera fiye da bugu 300 daban-daban. An buga wasu da yawa tun.
Fitattun bugu na ƙarshen 19th da farkon ƙarni na 20 sun haɗa da: Houghton, Miffin &amp; Co. (1887, 1888, 1894); Doxey, A Alamar Lark (1898, 1900), misalai na Florence Lundborg ; Kamfanin Macmillan (1899); Methuen (1900) tare da sharhi ta HM Batson, da kuma gabatarwar tarihin rayuwa ta ED Ross; Ƙananan, Brown, da Kamfanin (1900), tare da sassan EH Whinfield da Justin Huntly McCart; Bell (1901); Rubutu (1904); Foulis (1905, 1909); Essex House Press (1905); Dodge Publishing Company (1905); Duckworth & Co. (1908); Hodder da Stoughton (1909), misalai na Edmund Dulac ; Tauchnitz (1910); ''Gabas Anglian Daily Times'' (1909), abubuwan tunawa da bukukuwan karni; Warner (1913); Roycrofters (1913); Hodder & Stoughton (1913), misalai na René Bull ; Dodge Publishing Company (1914), misalai na Adelaide Hanscom . Sully da Kleinteich (1920).
Decker (1997) da Arberry (2016) ne suka buga bugu masu mahimmanci.
== Halin fassarar ==
Fassarar FitzGerald tana da kauri da awo, kuma maimakon haka kyauta ce . Yawancin ayoyin an fayyace su ne, kuma wasu daga cikinsu ba za a iya samun kwarin gwiwa a kan tushensa kwata-kwata. Michael Kearney ya yi iƙirarin cewa FitzGerald ya bayyana aikinsa a matsayin "transmogration". Mafi yawa daga ''cikin Rubaiyat'' za a iya la'akari da asali waqe ta FitzGerald sako-sako da bisa ga Omar's quatrains maimakon "fassara" a cikin kunkuntar ma'ana.
FitzGerald ya buɗe game da 'yancin da ya ɗauka tare da tushen sa:<blockquote>Fassarar tawa za ta ba ku sha'awa daga sigarta, da kuma ta fuskoki da yawa a cikin daki-daki: ba ta zahiri ba kamar yadda take. Yawancin quatrains suna haɗuwa tare: kuma wani abu ya ɓace, ina shakka, na sauƙi na Omar, wanda yake da kyau a gare shi. (wasika zuwa ga EB Cowell, 9/3/58)</blockquote><blockquote>Ina tsammanin mutane kaɗan ne suka taɓa ɗaukar irin wannan Ciwo a cikin Fassara kamar yadda nake da su: kodayake ba a zahiri ba. Amma a kowane farashi, abu dole ne ya rayu: tare da zubar da mafi muni na rayuwar mutum idan mutum ba zai iya riƙe Asalin da kyau ba. Gara Sparrow mai rai fiye da cushe Mikiya. (wasika zuwa ga EB Cowell, 4/27/59)</blockquote>Wannan quatrain yana da kusanci a cikin biyu daga cikin quatrains a cikin Laburaren Bodleian ms., lambobi 149 da 155. A cikin fassarar magana ta zahiri na Edward Heron-Allen (1898):
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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[[Fayil:Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_by_M._V._Dhurandhar.jpg|thumb| Tarin katunan wasiƙa tare da zane-zane na ''Rubaiyat na Omar Khayyam'', na ɗan wasan Indiya MV Dhurandhar .]]
'''''Rubáiyát na Omar Khayyám''''' shine lakabin da Edward FitzGerald ya ba wa fassararsa ta a shekarar alif 1859 daga [[Farisawa|Farisa]] zuwa Turanci na zaɓi na quatrains ( ''{{Lang|ar-Latn|[[ruba'i|rubāʿiyāt]]}}''</link> ) wanda aka danganta shi ga Omar Khayyam (daga shekarar alif 1048 zuwa shekarata alif 1131), wanda aka yiwa lakabi da "Mai ilmin taurari-mawaƙin Farisa".
Ko da yake a farkon kasuwanci bai yi nasara ba, aikin FitzGerald ya shahara daga shekarar 1861 zuwa gaba ta Whitley Stokes, kuma aikin ya zama abin sha'awar Pre-Raphaelites a Ingila. FitzGerald ya buga bugu na uku a cikin 1872, wanda ya ƙara sha'awar aikin a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . A cikin 1880s, littafin ya shahara sosai a duk faɗin duniyar masu magana da Ingilishi, har ta kai ga an kafa "Club ɗin Omar Khayyam" da yawa kuma an sami " {{Lang|fr|[[fin de siècle]]}}</link> ibadar Rubaiyyah"
An buga aikin FitzGerald a cikin bugu ɗari da yawa kuma ya ƙarfafa ƙoƙarin fassara irin wannan a cikin Turanci, Hindi da cikin wasu harsuna da yawa.
== Sources ==
[[Fayil:Rubaiyat_Morris_Burne-Jones_Manuscript.jpg|thumb| Shafi na rubutun ƙira tare da uku na FitzGerald's ''Rubaiyat'' wanda William Morris ya rubuta, zane ta Edward Burne-Jones (1870s).]]
[[Fayil:033-Earth-could-not-answer-nor-the-Seas-that-mourn-q75-829x1159.jpg|thumb| Misali na Adelaide Hanscom (c. 1910).]]
mutuwarsa. Wannan ra'ayi ya sami ƙarfafa daga wasu masana tarihi na zamanin da kamar Shahrazuri (1201) da Al-Qifti (1255). Sassan ''Rubayat'' sun bayyana a matsayin ambato na bazata daga Omar a farkon ayyukan tarihin rayuwa da kuma a cikin tarihin tarihi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ayyukan [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi|Razi]] (ca. 1160-1210), Daya (1230), Juvayni (ca. 1226-1283), da Jajarmi (1340). <ref name="Wine of Wisdom">{{Cite book|last3=Mehdi Aminrazavi}}</ref> {{Rp|92}} {{Rp|434}}Har ila yau, quatrains guda biyar da aka ba wa Khayyam a wani ɗan lokaci daga baya sun bayyana a cikin ''Sindbad-Nameh'' na Zahiri Samarqandi (kafin 1160) ba tare da sifa ba. {{Rp|34}}
A cikin 1930s, malaman Iran, musamman Mohammad-Ali Foroughi, sun yi ƙoƙarin sake gina ainihin ainihin ayoyi daga warwatsun maganganun marubuta na ƙarni na 13 da 14, suna watsi da al'adar rubutun ƙaramin. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yunƙurin sake ginawa sun yi jinkiri sosai ta hanyar jabun wayo guda biyu. De Blois (2004) ya kasance mai raɗaɗi, yana nuna cewa karatun zamani bai wuce yanayin shekarun 1930 ba, lokacin da Hans Heinrich Schaeder yayi sharhi cewa sunan Omar Khayyam "za a fitar da shi daga tarihin adabin Farisa".
Wani fasalin tarin kwanan nan shine rashin daidaituwar harshe da ci gaba da ra'ayoyi. [[Sadegh Hedayat]] yayi sharhi cewa "da a ce mutum ya rayu tsawon shekaru dari kuma ya canza addininsa da falsafarsa da kuma imaninsa sau biyu a rana, da kyar ya iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsa iri-iri". {{Rp|34}}Hukuncin ƙarshe na Hedayat shine cewa 14 quatrains za a iya danganta su ga Khayyam da tabbaci. <ref name="Sadeq Hedayat's Learning">{{Cite web |last=Bashiri |first=Iraj |title=Sadeq Hedayat's Learning |url=https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Fiction/Learning.html |access-date=3 November 2017 |website=Blind Owl}}</ref> An yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje daban-daban don rage quatrains da aka danganta ga Omar zuwa kusan 100. {{Rp|434}}Arthur Christensen ya bayyana cewa "fiye da ruba'in 1,200 da aka san cewa an baiwa Omar, 121 ne kawai za a iya daukar su a matsayin ingantacce." {{Rp|663}}Foroughi ya yarda da 178 quatrains a matsayin ingantacce, yayin da Ali Dashti ya karɓi 36 daga cikinsu. <ref name="Ross" /> {{Rp|96}}
Tushen FitzGerald rubuce-rubuce ne aka aika masa a cikin 1856-57, ta abokinsa kuma malaminsa Edward B. Cowell, na rubuce-rubuce biyu, rubutun Bodleian tare da 158 quatrains da kuma "Rubutun Calcutta".
FitzGerald ya kammala rubutunsa na farko a 1857 kuma ya aika zuwa ''Mujallar Fraser'' a cikin Janairu 1858. Ya yi wani sabon daftarin aiki a watan Janairu 1859, wanda ya buga kwafi 250 a sirri. Wannan bugu na farko ya zama abin nema sosai a shekarun 1890, lokacin da aka sayar da "fiye da kwafi miliyan biyu a cikin bugu dari biyu".
== Shakka vs. Sufanci muhawara ==
The extreme popularity of FitzGerald's work led to a prolonged debate on the correct interpretation of the philosophy behind the poems. FitzGerald emphasized the religious scepticism he found in Omar Khayyam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Dick |title=FitzGerald, Edward |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/fitzgerald- |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=Encyclopædia Iranica}}</ref> In his preface to the ''Rubáiyát'', he describes Omar's philosophy as Epicurean and claims that Omar was "hated and dreaded by the [[Sufiyya|Sufis]], whose practice he ridiculed and whose faith amounts to little more than his own when stripped of the Mysticism and formal recognition of Islamism under which Omar would not hide". Richard Nelson Frye also emphasizes that Khayyam was despised by a number of prominent contemporary Sufis. These include figures such as Shams Tabrizi, Najm al-Din Daya, [[Al-Ghazali]], and Attar, who "viewed Khayyam not as a fellow-mystic, but a free-thinking scientist".{{Rp|663–664}} The sceptic interpretation is supported by the medieval historian Al-Qifti (ca. 1172–1248), who in his ''The History of Learned Men'' reports that Omar's poems were only outwardly in the Sufi style but were written with an anti-religious agenda. He also mentions that Khayyam was indicted for impiety and went on a [[Aikin Hajji|pilgrimage]] to avoid punishment.
Masu sukar FitzGerald, a daya bangaren, sun zargi mai fassara da karkatar da sufancin waqoqin Sufanci ta hanyar fassara ta zahiri. Don haka, Bjerregaard (1915) ya kare ra'ayin Omar Khayyam a matsayin Sufi. Dougan (1991) ya kuma ce dangana [[hedonism]] ga Omar yana faruwa ne saboda gazawar fassarar FitzGerald, yana mai cewa waƙar ya kamata a fahimci ta a matsayin "zurfin esoteric". Haka Idries Shah (1999) ya ce FitzGerald ya yi kuskuren fahimtar waƙar Omar.
Tafsirin Sufaye ra'ayi ne na tsirarun malamai. Henry Beveridge ya bayyana cewa "Sufaye sun matsa wa wannan marubuci [Khayyam] hidima ba tare da wani laifi ba; suna bayyana wasu zaginsa ta hanyar fassarar tilastawa, wasu kuma suna wakilta a matsayin 'yanci da cin fuska maras laifi". Aminrazavi (2007) ya bayyana cewa “Tafsirin Sufanci na Khayyam yana yiwuwa ne kawai ta hanyar karantawa cikin Rubai’arsa mai yawa da kuma shimfida abin da ke ciki don dacewa da koyarwar Sufaye na gargajiya”. <ref name="Wine of Wisdom">{{Cite book|last3=Mehdi Aminrazavi}}</ref> {{Rp|128}}
FitzGerald's "mai tsattsauran ra'ayi" na karatun waƙar har yanzu yana kare shi daga malaman zamani. Sadegh Hedayat ( ''Makãho Owl'', 1936) shine wanda ya fi shahara na zamani mai goyon bayan falsafar Khayyam a matsayin scepticism. A cikin muqalarsa ta farko zuwa bugu na biyu na ''Quatrains of the Philosopher Omar Khayyam'' (1922), Hedayat ya bayyana cewa “yayin da Khayyam ya yi imani da canzawa da kuma canza jikin mutum, bai yarda da wani rai dabam ba; idan muka yi sa’a., za a yi amfani da barbashi na jikin mu wajen yin tulun giya”. Ya karkare da cewa "addini ya tabbatar da cewa ba zai iya tsallake tsoronsa ba; don haka Khayyam ya sami kansa shi kadai da rashin tsaro a cikin duniyar da iliminsa bai cika ba". A cikin aikinsa na baya ( ''Khayyam's Quatrains'', 1935), Hedayat ya ci gaba da tabbatar da cewa amfani da Khayyam na kalmomin Sufic kamar "giya" na zahiri ne, kuma "Khayyam ya fake cikin ruwan inabi don ya kawar da haushi kuma ya toshe bakin tunaninsa. " <ref name="Sadeq Hedayat's Learning">{{Cite web |last=Bashiri |first=Iraj |title=Sadeq Hedayat's Learning |url=https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Fiction/Learning.html |access-date=3 November 2017 |website=Blind Owl}}</ref>
== Bugawa ==
[[Fayil:Edmund_J_Sullivan_Illustrations_to_The_Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_First_Version_Quatrain-011.jpg|thumb| Misali na Edmund Joseph Sullivan don Quatrain 11 na FitzGerald's First Version.]]
[[Fayil:Edmund_J_Sullivan_Illustrations_to_The_Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_First_Version_Quatrain-012.jpg|thumb| Misali na Edmund Joseph Sullivan don Quatrain 12 na FitzGerald's First Version.]]
[[Fayil:Edmund_J_Sullivan_Illustrations_to_The_Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_First_Version_Quatrain-051.jpg|thumb| Misali na Edmund Joseph Sullivan don Quatrain 51 na FitzGerald's First Version.]]
An buga rubutun FitzGerald a cikin bugu biyar, tare da gyare-gyare masu mahimmanci:
* Bugu na farko - 1859 [75 quatrains]
* Bugu na 2 - 1868 [110 quatrains]
* Bugu na 3 - 1872 [101 quatrains]
** 1878, "bugu na farko na Amurka", sake bugawa na 3rd.
* Bugu na 4 - 1879 [101 quatrains]
* Bugu na 5 - 1889 [101 quatrains]
Daga cikin bugu biyar da aka buga, an buga hudu a ƙarƙashin ikon FitzGerald. Bugu na biyar, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan canje-canje daga na huɗu, an gyara shi bayan mutuwa bisa bitar rubutun da FitzGerald ya bari.
An buga bugu da yawa daga baya bayan 1889, musamman bugu tare da misalai na Willy Pogany wanda aka fara bugawa a 1909 (George G. Harrap, London). An fitar da shi a bugu da yawa da aka sake dubawa. Wannan fitowar ta haɗu da rubutun FitzGerald na bugu na 1st da 4th kuma an yi masa taken "Farko na Farko da na huɗu a cikin Aya ta Turanci".
Littafin littafi mai tsarki da aka harhada a cikin 1929 ya jera fiye da bugu 300 daban-daban. An buga wasu da yawa tun.
Fitattun bugu na ƙarshen 19th da farkon ƙarni na 20 sun haɗa da: Houghton, Miffin &amp; Co. (1887, 1888, 1894); Doxey, A Alamar Lark (1898, 1900), misalai na Florence Lundborg ; Kamfanin Macmillan (1899); Methuen (1900) tare da sharhi ta HM Batson, da kuma gabatarwar tarihin rayuwa ta ED Ross; Ƙananan, Brown, da Kamfanin (1900), tare da sassan EH Whinfield da Justin Huntly McCart; Bell (1901); Rubutu (1904); Foulis (1905, 1909); Essex House Press (1905); Dodge Publishing Company (1905); Duckworth & Co. (1908); Hodder da Stoughton (1909), misalai na Edmund Dulac ; Tauchnitz (1910); ''Gabas Anglian Daily Times'' (1909), abubuwan tunawa da bukukuwan karni; Warner (1913); Roycrofters (1913); Hodder & Stoughton (1913), misalai na René Bull ; Dodge Publishing Company (1914), misalai na Adelaide Hanscom . Sully da Kleinteich (1920).
Decker (1997) da Arberry (2016) ne suka buga bugu masu mahimmanci.
== Halin fassarar ==
Fassarar FitzGerald tana da kauri da awo, kuma maimakon haka kyauta ce . Yawancin ayoyin an fayyace su ne, kuma wasu daga cikinsu ba za a iya samun kwarin gwiwa a kan tushensa kwata-kwata. Michael Kearney ya yi iƙirarin cewa FitzGerald ya bayyana aikinsa a matsayin "transmogration". Mafi yawa daga ''cikin Rubaiyat'' za a iya la'akari da asali waqe ta FitzGerald sako-sako da bisa ga Omar's quatrains maimakon "fassara" a cikin kunkuntar ma'ana.
FitzGerald ya buɗe game da 'yancin da ya ɗauka tare da tushen sa:<blockquote>Fassarar tawa za ta ba ku sha'awa daga sigarta, da kuma ta fuskoki da yawa a cikin daki-daki: ba ta zahiri ba kamar yadda take. Yawancin quatrains suna haɗuwa tare: kuma wani abu ya ɓace, ina shakka, na sauƙi na Omar, wanda yake da kyau a gare shi. (wasika zuwa ga EB Cowell, 9/3/58)</blockquote><blockquote>Ina tsammanin mutane kaɗan ne suka taɓa ɗaukar irin wannan Ciwo a cikin Fassara kamar yadda nake da su: kodayake ba a zahiri ba. Amma a kowane farashi, abu dole ne ya rayu: tare da zubar da mafi muni na rayuwar mutum idan mutum ba zai iya riƙe Asalin da kyau ba. Gara Sparrow mai rai fiye da cushe Mikiya. (wasika zuwa ga EB Cowell, 4/27/59)</blockquote>Wannan quatrain yana da kusanci a cikin biyu daga cikin quatrains a cikin Laburaren Bodleian ms., lambobi 149 da 155. A cikin fassarar magana ta zahiri na Edward Heron-Allen (1898):
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[[Fayil:Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_by_M._V._Dhurandhar.jpg|thumb| Tarin katunan wasiƙa tare da zane-zane na ''Rubaiyat na Omar Khayyam'', na ɗan wasan Indiya MV Dhurandhar .]]
'''''Rubáiyát na Omar Khayyám''''' shine lakabin da Edward FitzGerald ya ba wa fassararsa ta a shekarar alif 1859 daga [[Farisawa|Farisa]] zuwa Turanci na zaɓi na quatrains ( ''{{Lang|ar-Latn|[[ruba'i|rubāʿiyāt]]}}''</link> ) wanda aka danganta shi ga Omar Khayyam (daga shekarar alif 1048 zuwa shekarata alif 1131), wanda aka yiwa lakabi da "Mai ilmin taurari-mawaƙin Farisa".
Ko da yake a farkon kasuwanci bai yi nasara ba, aikin FitzGerald ya shahara daga shekarar 1861 zuwa gaba ta Whitley Stokes, kuma aikin ya zama abin sha'awar Pre-Raphaelites a Ingila. FitzGerald ya buga bugu na uku a cikin 1872, wanda ya ƙara sha'awar aikin a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . A cikin 1880s, littafin ya shahara sosai a duk faɗin duniyar masu magana da Ingilishi, har ta kai ga an kafa "Club ɗin Omar Khayyam" da yawa kuma an sami " {{Lang|fr|[[fin de siècle]]}}</link> ibadar Rubaiyyah"
An buga aikin FitzGerald a cikin bugu ɗari da yawa kuma ya ƙarfafa ƙoƙarin fassara irin wannan a cikin Turanci, Hindi da cikin wasu harsuna da yawa.
== Sources ==
[[Fayil:Rubaiyat_Morris_Burne-Jones_Manuscript.jpg|thumb| Shafi na rubutun ƙira tare da uku na FitzGerald's ''Rubaiyat'' wanda William Morris ya rubuta, zane ta Edward Burne-Jones (1870s).]]
[[Fayil:033-Earth-could-not-answer-nor-the-Seas-that-mourn-q75-829x1159.jpg|thumb| Misali na Adelaide Hanscom (c. 1910).]]
mutuwarsa. Wannan ra'ayi ya sami ƙarfafa daga wasu masana tarihi na zamanin da kamar Shahrazuri (1201) da Al-Qifti (1255). Sassan ''Rubayat'' sun bayyana a matsayin ambato na bazata daga Omar a farkon ayyukan tarihin rayuwa da kuma a cikin tarihin tarihi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ayyukan [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi|Razi]] (ca. 1160-1210), Daya (1230), Juvayni (ca. 1226-1283), da Jajarmi (1340). <ref name="Wine of Wisdom">{{Cite book|last3=Mehdi Aminrazavi}}</ref> {{Rp|92}} {{Rp|434}}Har ila yau, quatrains guda biyar da aka ba wa Khayyam a wani ɗan lokaci daga baya sun bayyana a cikin ''Sindbad-Nameh'' na Zahiri Samarqandi (kafin 1160) ba tare da sifa ba. {{Rp|34}}
A cikin 1930s, malaman Iran, musamman Mohammad-Ali Foroughi, sun yi ƙoƙarin sake gina ainihin ainihin ayoyi daga warwatsun maganganun marubuta na ƙarni na 13 da 14, suna watsi da al'adar rubutun ƙaramin. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yunƙurin sake ginawa sun yi jinkiri sosai ta hanyar jabun wayo guda biyu. De Blois (2004) ya kasance mai raɗaɗi, yana nuna cewa karatun zamani bai wuce yanayin shekarun 1930 ba, lokacin da Hans Heinrich Schaeder yayi sharhi cewa sunan Omar Khayyam "za a fitar da shi daga tarihin adabin Farisa".
Wani fasalin tarin kwanan nan shine rashin daidaituwar harshe da ci gaba da ra'ayoyi. [[Sadegh Hedayat]] yayi sharhi cewa "da a ce mutum ya rayu tsawon shekaru dari kuma ya canza addininsa da falsafarsa da kuma imaninsa sau biyu a rana, da kyar ya iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsa iri-iri". {{Rp|34}}Hukuncin ƙarshe na Hedayat shine cewa 14 quatrains za a iya danganta su ga Khayyam da tabbaci. <ref name="Sadeq Hedayat's Learning">{{Cite web |last=Bashiri |first=Iraj |title=Sadeq Hedayat's Learning |url=https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Fiction/Learning.html |access-date=3 November 2017 |website=Blind Owl}}</ref> An yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje daban-daban don rage quatrains da aka danganta ga Omar zuwa kusan 100. {{Rp|434}}Arthur Christensen ya bayyana cewa "fiye da ruba'in 1,200 da aka san cewa an baiwa Omar, 121 ne kawai za a iya daukar su a matsayin ingantacce." {{Rp|663}}Foroughi ya yarda da 178 quatrains a matsayin ingantacce, yayin da Ali Dashti ya karɓi 36 daga cikinsu. <ref name="Ross" /> {{Rp|96}}
Tushen FitzGerald rubuce-rubuce ne aka aika masa a cikin 1856-57, ta abokinsa kuma malaminsa Edward B. Cowell, na rubuce-rubuce biyu, rubutun Bodleian tare da 158 quatrains da kuma "Rubutun Calcutta".
FitzGerald ya kammala rubutunsa na farko a 1857 kuma ya aika zuwa ''Mujallar Fraser'' a cikin Janairu 1858. Ya yi wani sabon daftarin aiki a watan Janairu 1859, wanda ya buga kwafi 250 a sirri. Wannan bugu na farko ya zama abin nema sosai a shekarun 1890, lokacin da aka sayar da "fiye da kwafi miliyan biyu a cikin bugu dari biyu".
== Shakka vs. Sufanci muhawara ==
The extreme popularity of FitzGerald's work led to a prolonged debate on the correct interpretation of the philosophy behind the poems. FitzGerald emphasized the religious scepticism he found in Omar Khayyam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Dick |title=FitzGerald, Edward |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/fitzgerald- |access-date=15 January 2017 |website=Encyclopædia Iranica}}</ref> In his preface to the ''Rubáiyát'', he describes Omar's philosophy as Epicurean and claims that Omar was "hated and dreaded by the [[Sufiyya|Sufis]], whose practice he ridiculed and whose faith amounts to little more than his own when stripped of the Mysticism and formal recognition of Islamism under which Omar would not hide". Richard Nelson Frye also emphasizes that Khayyam was despised by a number of prominent contemporary Sufis. These include figures such as Shams Tabrizi, Najm al-Din Daya, [[Al-Ghazali]], and Attar, who "viewed Khayyam not as a fellow-mystic, but a free-thinking scientist".{{Rp|663–664}} The sceptic interpretation is supported by the medieval historian Al-Qifti (ca. 1172–1248), who in his ''The History of Learned Men'' reports that Omar's poems were only outwardly in the Sufi style but were written with an anti-religious agenda. He also mentions that Khayyam was indicted for impiety and went on a [[Aikin Hajji|pilgrimage]] to avoid punishment.
Masu sukar FitzGerald, a daya bangaren, sun zargi mai fassara da karkatar da sufancin waqoqin Sufanci ta hanyar fassara ta zahiri. Don haka, Bjerregaard (1915) ya kare ra'ayin Omar Khayyam a matsayin Sufi. Dougan (1991) ya kuma ce dangana [[hedonism]] ga Omar yana faruwa ne saboda gazawar fassarar FitzGerald, yana mai cewa waƙar ya kamata a fahimci ta a matsayin "zurfin esoteric". Haka Idries Shah (1999) ya ce FitzGerald ya yi kuskuren fahimtar waƙar Omar.
Tafsirin Sufaye ra'ayi ne na tsirarun malamai. Henry Beveridge ya bayyana cewa "Sufaye sun matsa wa wannan marubuci [Khayyam] hidima ba tare da wani laifi ba; suna bayyana wasu zaginsa ta hanyar fassarar tilastawa, wasu kuma suna wakilta a matsayin 'yanci da cin fuska maras laifi". Aminrazavi (2007) ya bayyana cewa “Tafsirin Sufanci na Khayyam yana yiwuwa ne kawai ta hanyar karantawa cikin Rubai’arsa mai yawa da kuma shimfida abin da ke ciki don dacewa da koyarwar Sufaye na gargajiya”. <ref name="Wine of Wisdom">{{Cite book|last3=Mehdi Aminrazavi}}</ref> {{Rp|128}}
FitzGerald's "mai tsattsauran ra'ayi" na karatun waƙar har yanzu yana kare shi daga malaman zamani. Sadegh Hedayat ( ''Makãho Owl'', 1936) shine wanda ya fi shahara na zamani mai goyon bayan falsafar Khayyam a matsayin scepticism. A cikin muqalarsa ta farko zuwa bugu na biyu na ''Quatrains of the Philosopher Omar Khayyam'' (1922), Hedayat ya bayyana cewa “yayin da Khayyam ya yi imani da canzawa da kuma canza jikin mutum, bai yarda da wani rai dabam ba; idan muka yi sa’a., za a yi amfani da barbashi na jikin mu wajen yin tulun giya”. Ya karkare da cewa "addini ya tabbatar da cewa ba zai iya tsallake tsoronsa ba; don haka Khayyam ya sami kansa shi kadai da rashin tsaro a cikin duniyar da iliminsa bai cika ba". A cikin aikinsa na baya ( ''Khayyam's Quatrains'', 1935), Hedayat ya ci gaba da tabbatar da cewa amfani da Khayyam na kalmomin Sufic kamar "giya" na zahiri ne, kuma "Khayyam ya fake cikin ruwan inabi don ya kawar da haushi kuma ya toshe bakin tunaninsa. " <ref name="Sadeq Hedayat's Learning">{{Cite web |last=Bashiri |first=Iraj |title=Sadeq Hedayat's Learning |url=https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Fiction/Learning.html |access-date=3 November 2017 |website=Blind Owl}}</ref>
== Bugawa ==
[[Fayil:Edmund_J_Sullivan_Illustrations_to_The_Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_First_Version_Quatrain-011.jpg|thumb| Misali na Edmund Joseph Sullivan don Quatrain 11 na FitzGerald's First Version.]]
[[Fayil:Edmund_J_Sullivan_Illustrations_to_The_Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_First_Version_Quatrain-012.jpg|thumb| Misali na Edmund Joseph Sullivan don Quatrain 12 na FitzGerald's First Version.]]
[[Fayil:Edmund_J_Sullivan_Illustrations_to_The_Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam_First_Version_Quatrain-051.jpg|thumb| Misali na Edmund Joseph Sullivan don Quatrain 51 na FitzGerald's First Version.]]
An buga rubutun FitzGerald a cikin bugu biyar, tare da gyare-gyare masu mahimmanci:
* Bugu na farko - 1859 [75 quatrains]
* Bugu na 2 - 1868 [110 quatrains]
* Bugu na 3 - 1872 [101 quatrains]
** 1878, "bugu na farko na Amurka", sake bugawa na 3rd.
* Bugu na 4 - 1879 [101 quatrains]
* Bugu na 5 - 1889 [101 quatrains]
Daga cikin bugu biyar da aka buga, an buga hudu a ƙarƙashin ikon FitzGerald. Bugu na biyar, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan canje-canje daga na huɗu, an gyara shi bayan mutuwa bisa bitar rubutun da FitzGerald ya bari.
An buga bugu da yawa daga baya bayan 1889, musamman bugu tare da misalai na Willy Pogany wanda aka fara bugawa a 1909 (George G. Harrap, London). An fitar da shi a bugu da yawa da aka sake dubawa. Wannan fitowar ta haɗu da rubutun FitzGerald na bugu na 1st da 4th kuma an yi masa taken "Farko na Farko da na huɗu a cikin Aya ta Turanci".
Littafin littafi mai tsarki da aka harhada a cikin 1929 ya jera fiye da bugu 300 daban-daban. An buga wasu da yawa tun.
Fitattun bugu na ƙarshen 19th da farkon ƙarni na 20 sun haɗa da: Houghton, Miffin &amp; Co. (1887, 1888, 1894); Doxey, A Alamar Lark (1898, 1900), misalai na Florence Lundborg ; Kamfanin Macmillan (1899); Methuen (1900) tare da sharhi ta HM Batson, da kuma gabatarwar tarihin rayuwa ta ED Ross; Ƙananan, Brown, da Kamfanin (1900), tare da sassan EH Whinfield da Justin Huntly McCart; Bell (1901); Rubutu (1904); Foulis (1905, 1909); Essex House Press (1905); Dodge Publishing Company (1905); Duckworth & Co. (1908); Hodder da Stoughton (1909), misalai na Edmund Dulac ; Tauchnitz (1910); ''Gabas Anglian Daily Times'' (1909), abubuwan tunawa da bukukuwan karni; Warner (1913); Roycrofters (1913); Hodder & Stoughton (1913), misalai na René Bull ; Dodge Publishing Company (1914), misalai na Adelaide Hanscom . Sully da Kleinteich (1920).
Decker (1997) da Arberry (2016) ne suka buga bugu masu mahimmanci.
== Halin fassarar ==
Fassarar FitzGerald tana da kauri da awo, kuma maimakon haka kyauta ce . Yawancin ayoyin an fayyace su ne, kuma wasu daga cikinsu ba za a iya samun kwarin gwiwa a kan tushensa kwata-kwata. Michael Kearney ya yi iƙirarin cewa FitzGerald ya bayyana aikinsa a matsayin "transmogration". Mafi yawa daga ''cikin Rubaiyat'' za a iya la'akari da asali waqe ta FitzGerald sako-sako da bisa ga Omar's quatrains maimakon "fassara" a cikin kunkuntar ma'ana.
FitzGerald ya buɗe game da 'yancin da ya ɗauka tare da tushen sa:<blockquote>Fassarar tawa za ta ba ku sha'awa daga sigarta, da kuma ta fuskoki da yawa a cikin daki-daki: ba ta zahiri ba kamar yadda take. Yawancin quatrains suna haɗuwa tare: kuma wani abu ya ɓace, ina shakka, na sauƙi na Omar, wanda yake da kyau a gare shi. (wasika zuwa ga EB Cowell, 9/3/58)</blockquote><blockquote>Ina tsammanin mutane kaɗan ne suka taɓa ɗaukar irin wannan Ciwo a cikin Fassara kamar yadda nake da su: kodayake ba a zahiri ba. Amma a kowane farashi, abu dole ne ya rayu: tare da zubar da mafi muni na rayuwar mutum idan mutum ba zai iya riƙe Asalin da kyau ba. Gara Sparrow mai rai fiye da cushe Mikiya. (wasika zuwa ga EB Cowell, 4/27/59)</blockquote>Wannan quatrain yana da kusanci a cikin biyu daga cikin quatrains a cikin Laburaren Bodleian ms., lambobi 149 da 155. A cikin fassarar magana ta zahiri na Edward Heron-Allen (1898):
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1262904901|Catholic Church in Nigeria]]"
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'''[[Cocin katolika|Cocin Katolika]] a Najeriya''' wani bangare ne na Cocin Katolika na duniya, a karkashin jagorancin ruhaniya na Papa[[Rum|Roma]], da curia a Roma, da kuma Taron Bishops na Katolika na Najeriya (CBCN).
A cikin 2022, shugaban CBCN shine Lucius Iwejuru Ugorji, Babban Bishop na Owerri Archdiocese . Ya biyo baya daga shugaban da ya gabata, Augustine Obiora Akubeze.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catholic Bishops Conference of Nigeria (CBCN) |url=http://www.cbcn-ng.org/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=www.cbcn-ng.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olowolagba |first=Fikayo |date=2018-02-22 |title=Catholic bishops elect new president |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/02/22/catholic-bishops-elect-new-president/ |access-date=2020-03-17 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Ikklisiyoyin Katolika na Latin da na Gabas sun ƙunshi Ikilisiyar Kirista mafi girma a duniya da kuma ƙungiyar addini mafi girma a duk duniya. A shekara ta 2005, an kiyasta Katolika miliyan 19 da aka yi wa baftisma a [[Najeriya]]. A shekara ta 2010, yawan Katolika sun kai kusan kashi 12.6% na yawan jama'a, 70% daga cikinsu ana iya samun su a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'']</sup>
A tarihi, Ubannin Ruhu Mai Tsarki sun kasance da karfi a [[Kasar Inyamurai|Igboland]] a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya na yau, yayin da White Fathers ke aiki a Yamma da Arewacin Najeriya, da kuma Society of African Missions a Legas.
Najeriya, tare da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], suna alfahari da mafi yawan firistoci a Afirka. Ci gaban da ake yi wa firist a Najeriya galibi a yankin kudu maso gabas ne, musamman a tsakanin kabilun [[Inyamurai|Ibo]], wanda masu bishara na farko sune Ubannin Ruhu Mai Tsarki.
Ziyarar papal ta biyu zuwa kasar a shekarar 1998 ta ga beatification na Blessed Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-13 |title=Blessed Iwene Tansi: The patron saint of Nigeria's democracy @20 |url=https://www.thecable.ng/blessed-iwene-tansi-the-patron-saint-of-nigerias-democracy-20 |access-date=2020-03-17 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> [[John Paul na Biyu|Paparoma John Paul II]] ya ayyana shi da albarka a Oba, Onitsha Archdiocese, Ikilisiyar yankin da manzo na gabashin Najeriya, Bishop Joseph Shanahan, CSSp ya kafa.
Masu kula da hukuma na Najeriya sune Maryamu, Sarauniya ta Najeriya, da Patrick na Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patron Saints: N - Saints & Angels |url=https://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php?letter=N |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=Catholic Online |language=en}}</ref>
[[Fayil:Nigeria_sm02.gif|thumb|Taswirar Najeriya]]
== Yawan jama'a ==
Kiristanci ya biyo bayan kimanin kashi 46.18% na yawan mutanen Najeriya a cikin 2020; kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na Kiristoci a Najeriya Katolika ne (12.39% na yawan jama'ar ƙasar).
A cikin wannan shekarar, sama da firistoci 9,500 da nuns 6,500 sun yi hidima a cikin majami'u 4,000.
== Jerin dioceses ==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin-left:1em"
|Archdioceses
|9
|-
|Diocese na Suffragan
|59
|-
|Wakilan Manzanni
|2
|-
|Ikklisiya
|1,905 (2004)
|-
|Firistocin Diocesan
|3,452
|-
|Firistoci na Addini
|694
|-
|♦Dukan Firistoci'''Adadin Firistoci'''
|4,146 (2004)
|-
|Mata masu addini
|3,674
|-
|Manyan seminaries a Najeriya
|6
|-
|Manyan masu karatun sakandare
|
|-
|Ƙananan seminaries a Najeriya
|20
|-
|Ƙananan ɗalibai
|
|-
|♦Dukan masu karatun seminari'''Jimillar masu karatun sakandare'''
|3,755 (2004)
|-
|Cibiyoyin ilimi
|4,163
|-
|Cibiyoyin sadaka
|1,202
|-
|Bayanan da aka ambata
|Shafin Italiyanci na shekara ta 2004
|}
A cikin Najeriya matsayi ya kunshi:
* Babban bishopric
** Bishopric
Nan da nan a ƙarƙashin Mai Tsarki:
* Maronite Katolika Eparchy of the Annunciation
== Taron Episcopal ==
Taron bishops na Katolika na Najeriya shine taron bishops na Najeriya. Shugabanta na yanzu shine Lucius Iwejuru Ugorji .
== Hadisin Katolika ==
Wani sashi na gargajiya na Cocin Katolika yana nan a Najeriya kuma yana cikin Firistly Fraternity of St. Peter (Nne Enyemaka Shrine, <ref>{{Cite web |title=FSSP in Nigeria |url=http://www.fsspnigeria.org/pages/history-of-nne-enyemaka-shrine.php |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=www.fsspnigeria.org}}</ref> Umuaka). Har ila yau akwai al'umma na matsayin da ba daidai ba Society of St. Pius X (Saint Michael's Priory, <ref>{{Cite web |title=District of Great Britain |url=https://fsspx.uk/en |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=District of Great Britain |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=First priory in Nigeria opened |url=http://www.sspx.org/regional_sspx_news/africa/nigeria_priory-9-7-2012/nigeria_priory-9-7-2012.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416000142/http://www.sspx.org/regional_sspx_news/africa/nigeria_priory-9-7-2012/nigeria_priory-9-7-2012.htm |archive-date=16 April 2013}}</ref> [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]]).
== Jami'o'in Katolika a Najeriya ==
* Jami'ar Caritas, Amorji-Nike
* [[Jami'ar Godfrey Okoye]], Enugu
* Jami'ar Madonna (Ihiala) , Okija
* Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Mai Ceto, Enugu
* VUNA, [[Jami'ar Veritas]] Abuja ([[Jami'ar Veritas|Jami'ar Katolika ta Najeriya]]), Abuja <ref>{{Cite web |title=Veritas University Abuja |url=https://www.veritas.edu.ng/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=www.veritas.edu.ng}}</ref>
* [[Jami'ar Augustine, Ilara|Jami'ar Augustine Ilara]]
* [[Jami'ar Pan Atlantic|Jami'ar Pan-Atlantic]], Legas <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Pan-Atlantic University |url=http://www.pau.edu.ng/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
Jami'ar Dominican, Ibadan
== Manyan seminaries a Najeriya ==
* [http://www.sspp-ng.urbaniana.edu/ Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarkaka Bitrus da Bulus, Ibadan, Jihar Oyo, Najeriya]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130507060540/http://www.seminaryofallsaints.com/index.html Cibiyar Nazarin Dukan Masu Tsarki, Uhiele Ekpoma, Jihar Edo, Najeriya]
* [https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cevang/pont_soc/pospa/documents/rc_pospa_pro_20010501_memorial_en.html Cibiyar Tunawa da Bigard, Enugu]
* [http://www.stams-ng.urbaniana.edu/ Babban Makarantar St. Thomas Aquinas, Makurdi]
* Babban Makarantar Nazarin St. Augustine, Jos
* [http://www.mspfathers.com/seminary Cibiyar Nazarin Wa'azi ta Kasa ta St. Paul, Gwagwalada]
* [https://www.facebook.com/St.JosephMajorSeminary.IkotEkpene.AkwaIbomState Babban Makarantar Nazarin St Joseph Ikot Ekpene]
* Babban Makarantar Nazarin Tansi mai albarka Onitsha, Jihar Anambra
* St Albert Babban Babban Seminary Abeokuta
* St. John of the Cross Spiritual Year Seminary, Ekpoma
* Babban Cibiyar Nazarin Hikima, Owerri
* Cibiyar Nazarin Hikima, Cibiyar Nazari ta Umuahia
* Babban Makarantar JohnPaul II, Awka
* Babban Makarantar Nazarin Makiyayi Mai Kyau, Kaduna
* Cibiyar Falsafa ta Claretian, Nekede Owerri
* Cibiyar Ilimin tauhidi ta Ruhaniya Attakwu Enugu
* Cibiyar Falsafa ta Ruhaniya, Isienu Nsukka
* Cibiyar Falsafa ta Don Bosco <ref>{{Cite web |title=DON BOSCO INSTITUTE OF PHILOSOPHY, IBADAN - Lumen et Sapientia |url=http://www.dbipibadan.com/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> Tana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Salesian Pontifical (Roma)
* Cibiyar Dominican <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome |url=http://dominicaninstitute.org/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=Dominican Institute |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Ƙananan seminaries a Najeriya ==
* Makarantar sakandare ta St Augustine, Amechi Ezzamgbo, Abakaliki, Jihar Ebonyi
* Sarauniyar Manzanni Seminary, Afaha Obong, Abak, Jihar Akwa Ibom
* Cibiyar Nazarin Immaculate Conception, Mfamosing, Jihar Cross River
* St John Vianney Minor Seminary, Barkin-Ladi, Jihar Plateau
* Makarantar Nazarin St James, Yandev Gboko
* Ƙananan Makarantar Nazarin St Jude, Kuje Abuja
* St Theresa's Minor Seminary Oke-Are Ibadan
* Zuciya Mai Tsarki Ƙananan Seminary Akure
* St Clement's Minor Seminary, Adankolo-Lokoja, Jihar Kogi
* Makarantar St Paul ta Ukpor, Jihar Nnewi Anambra
* All Hallows Seminary, Jihar Onitsha Anambra
* Makarantar Kimiyya ta Musamman ta St Joseph, Jihar Awka-Etiti Anambra.
* Makarantar Nazarin Rahama, Jihar Bende Abia
* Cibiyar Nazarin Immaculate Conception, Ahiaeke Umuahia, Jihar Abia
* Makarantar St Dominic Savio, Akpu, Jihar Anambra
* Makarantar St John Bosco, Isuaniocha, Jihar Anambra
* Shahadar Mai Tsarki na Uganda Makarantar Sakandare ta Effurun, Jihar Delta
* Cibiyar Nazarin Sanarwa Amaudara, Jihar Abia
* St John-cross ƙaramin seminary, Isienu-Nsukka, jihar Enugu
* Makarantar St Charles Borromeo, Imiringi, Jihar Bayelsa.
* Makarantar Nazarin St Mary's Umuowa, Orlu, Jihar Imo.
* Bonus Pastor Seminary Osina, Ideato North, Jihar Imo.
* Assumpta Minor Seminary, Owerri Archdiocese.
* Makarantar Nazarin Mater Ecclesiae, Nguru Mbaise, Diocese na Ahiara
* Cibiyar Nazarin St Peter Claver ta Okpala Owerri
* Paparoma John Paul II Seminary Yala Okpoma Ogoja Diocese
* Makarantar St Peter's Ogii, Okigwe Diocese
* Cibiyar Nazarin Zuciya Mai Tsarki, Rumuebiekwe Port Hacourt, Port hacourt Diocese
* Makarantar St Felix Ejeme-Anigor, Jihar Delta
* St Joseph Seminary Basawa, Zaria, Jihar Kaduna.
* St Charles Borromeo Ƙananan Seminary, Jihar Madakiya Kaduna
* St Peter's Minor Seminary, Jihar Katari Kaduna
* St Peter's Minor Seminary, Jihar Yola Adamawa
* St Joseph's Minor Seminary, Jihar Shuwa Adamawa
* Makarantar Nazarin Zuciya Mai Tsarki, Jihar Jauro Yinu Taraba
* St Paul Minor Seminary, Benin City, Jihar Edo
== 'Yan Najeriya da aka tsarkake ko kuma aka yi musu beatification ==
* Mai albarka Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi, daga [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] Beatified da Paparoma John Paul II, 22 Maris 1998 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Untitled Document |url=http://www.afrikaworld.net/tansi/index.html |access-date=2019-06-12 |website=www.afrikaworld.net}}</ref>
== Ikklisiyoyin addinin Katolika da aka kafa a Najeriya ==
* 'Ya'ya mata na ƙaunar Allah<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daughters of Divine Love (DDL) website |url=http://www.daughtersofdivinelovedev.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220022451/http://www.daughtersofdivinelovedev.org/ |archive-date=20 February 2014 |access-date=30 May 2013}}</ref>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170919171934/http://newevangelizationsisters.org/ Sabon Bishara 'Yan uwa mata na Uwar Taimako na Har abada)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180711025622/http://www.smmmonline.org/ 'Ya'yan Maryamu, Uwar Rahama Ikilisiya]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141217032817/http://dmmmusa-can.org/ 'Ya'ya mata na Maryamu, Uwar Rahama Ikilisiya]
* 'Yan uwa mata masu tsarki na iyali
* [https://www.divinemercysisters.net 'Yan uwa mata masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na jinƙai, Nnewi, Najeriya]
* 'Yan'uwa mata na Zuciya ta Yesu, Ikeja, Legas-State.
* 'Yan uwa mata na Yesu da aka gicciye, Uratta, Owerri, Jihar Imo
* 'Yar'uwar Yesu da Maryamu mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje, Warri
== Ƙungiyoyin mishan da ke aiki a Najeriya ==
* [http://www.sma.ie/ Kungiyar Ayyukan Afirka]
* [http://www.spiritan.ie/2012/ The Spiritans (Congregation of the Holy Spirit, CSSp.)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160327233952/http://augustinians.net/ The Augustinians (Order of Saint Augustine, O.S.A.)]
* [http://www.olasistersnigeria.org/ 'Yan uwa mata masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na Uwargidanmu na Manzanni]
* [http://www.stlouissisters.org/ 'Yan uwa mata na St. Louis]
* [http://donbosconigeria.blogspot.ie/ Salesians na Don Bosco] Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB) ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130707020038/http://www.missionariesofafrica.org/about/mission.html Masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na Afirka]
* [http://www.pmsng.org/ Ƙungiyoyin Jakadancin Paparoma na Najeriya (PMS Najeriya)]
* [http://www.churchinneed.org/ Taimako ga Cocin da ke Bukata]
* [http://www.mspfathers.com/ Ƙungiyar Mishan ta St. Paul]
* Tsarin Masu Wa'azi (Dominicans)
* Tsarin Carmelites da ba su da takalma
* Franciscans
* Ƙungiyar Yesu (Jesuits)
* Iyaye Masu Wa'azi a ƙasashen waje
* Oblates na St Joseph
* Masu Ceto
* [http://www.vocationist.net Masu sana'a] The Society of Divine Vocations
* [http://www.paulinesafrica.org/ 'Ya'ya mata na St Paul]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180630003406/http://www.divinemercysisters.net/ (Masu'uwa'uwa'u na Missionary na Rahama na Allah P. O. Akwatin 611 Nnewi Najeriya Cell: +2348033802674)]
* [http://www.omvnigeria.org// Oblates na Budurwa Maryamu]
* [https://www.omiworld.org Masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na Maryamu Immaculate]
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
== Haɗin waje ==
* [http://www.csnigeria.org/ Sakatariyar Katolika ta Najeriya]
* [http://www.cbcn-ng.org/ Taron Bishops na Katolika na Najeriya]
* [http://www.cnsng.org/ Ofishin Labaran Katolika na Najeriya]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/NG.htm Bayani na GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/dng.html Shugabannin Katolika Jerin haruffa na diocese na Najeriya]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/scng1.html Katolika-Hierarchy Najeriya Statistical Table by Diocese]\
* [http://www.catholicchess.com/index.htm Shirin C.H.E.S. na Katolika (Gidan Katolika, Ilimi da Taimako na Jama'a)]
* [http://www.fides.org/ "Agencia Fides" Ofishin Bayanai na Ƙungiyoyin Jakadancin Paparoma tun 1927]
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'''[[Cocin katolika|Cocin Katolika]] a Najeriya''' wani bangare ne na Cocin Katolika na duniya, a karkashin jagorancin ruhaniya na Papa[[Rum|Roma]], da curia a Roma, da kuma Taron Bishops na Katolika na Najeriya (CBCN).
A cikin 2022, shugaban CBCN shine Lucius Iwejuru Ugorji, Babban Bishop na Owerri Archdiocese . Ya biyo baya daga shugaban da ya gabata, Augustine Obiora Akubeze.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catholic Bishops Conference of Nigeria (CBCN) |url=http://www.cbcn-ng.org/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=www.cbcn-ng.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olowolagba |first=Fikayo |date=2018-02-22 |title=Catholic bishops elect new president |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/02/22/catholic-bishops-elect-new-president/ |access-date=2020-03-17 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Ikklisiyoyin Katolika na Latin da na Gabas sun ƙunshi Ikilisiyar Kirista mafi girma a duniya da kuma ƙungiyar addini mafi girma a duk duniya. A shekara ta 2005, an kiyasta Katolika miliyan 19 da aka yi wa baftisma a [[Najeriya]]. A shekara ta 2010, yawan Katolika sun kai kusan kashi 12.6% na yawan jama'a, 70% daga cikinsu ana iya samun su a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya.
A tarihi, Ubannin Ruhu Mai Tsarki sun kasance da karfi a [[Kasar Inyamurai|Igboland]] a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya na yau, yayin da White Fathers ke aiki a Yamma da Arewacin Najeriya, da kuma Society of African Missions a Legas.
Najeriya, tare da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], suna alfahari da mafi yawan firistoci a Afirka. Ci gaban da ake yi wa firist a Najeriya galibi a yankin kudu maso gabas ne, musamman a tsakanin kabilun [[Inyamurai|Ibo]], wanda masu bishara na farko sune Ubannin Ruhu Mai Tsarki.
Ziyarar papal ta biyu zuwa kasar a shekarar 1998 ta ga beatification na Blessed Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-13 |title=Blessed Iwene Tansi: The patron saint of Nigeria's democracy @20 |url=https://www.thecable.ng/blessed-iwene-tansi-the-patron-saint-of-nigerias-democracy-20 |access-date=2020-03-17 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> [[John Paul na Biyu|Paparoma John Paul II]] ya ayyana shi da albarka a Oba, Onitsha Archdiocese, Ikilisiyar yankin da manzo na gabashin Najeriya, Bishop Joseph Shanahan, CSSp ya kafa.
Masu kula da hukuma na Najeriya sune Maryamu, Sarauniya ta Najeriya, da Patrick na Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patron Saints: N - Saints & Angels |url=https://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php?letter=N |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=Catholic Online |language=en}}</ref>
[[Fayil:Nigeria_sm02.gif|thumb|Taswirar Najeriya]]
== Yawan jama'a ==
Kiristanci ya biyo bayan kimanin kashi 46.18% na yawan mutanen Najeriya a cikin 2020; kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na Kiristoci a Najeriya Katolika ne (12.39% na yawan jama'ar ƙasar).
A cikin wannan shekarar, sama da firistoci 9,500 da nuns 6,500 sun yi hidima a cikin majami'u 4,000.
== Jerin dioceses ==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin-left:1em"
|Archdioceses
|9
|-
|Diocese na Suffragan
|59
|-
|Wakilan Manzanni
|2
|-
|Ikklisiya
|1,905 (2004)
|-
|Firistocin Diocesan
|3,452
|-
|Firistoci na Addini
|694
|-
|♦Dukan Firistoci'''Adadin Firistoci'''
|4,146 (2004)
|-
|Mata masu addini
|3,674
|-
|Manyan seminaries a Najeriya
|6
|-
|Manyan masu karatun sakandare
|
|-
|Ƙananan seminaries a Najeriya
|20
|-
|Ƙananan ɗalibai
|
|-
|♦Dukan masu karatun seminari'''Jimillar masu karatun sakandare'''
|3,755 (2004)
|-
|Cibiyoyin ilimi
|4,163
|-
|Cibiyoyin sadaka
|1,202
|-
|Bayanan da aka ambata
|Shafin Italiyanci na shekara ta 2004
|}
A cikin Najeriya matsayi ya kunshi:
* Babban bishopric
** Bishopric
Nan da nan a ƙarƙashin Mai Tsarki:
* Maronite Katolika Eparchy of the Annunciation
== Taron Episcopal ==
Taron bishops na Katolika na Najeriya shine taron bishops na Najeriya. Shugabanta na yanzu shine Lucius Iwejuru Ugorji .
== Hadisin Katolika ==
Wani sashi na gargajiya na Cocin Katolika yana nan a Najeriya kuma yana cikin Firistly Fraternity of St. Peter (Nne Enyemaka Shrine, <ref>{{Cite web |title=FSSP in Nigeria |url=http://www.fsspnigeria.org/pages/history-of-nne-enyemaka-shrine.php |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=www.fsspnigeria.org}}</ref> Umuaka). Har ila yau akwai al'umma na matsayin da ba daidai ba Society of St. Pius X (Saint Michael's Priory, <ref>{{Cite web |title=District of Great Britain |url=https://fsspx.uk/en |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=District of Great Britain |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=First priory in Nigeria opened |url=http://www.sspx.org/regional_sspx_news/africa/nigeria_priory-9-7-2012/nigeria_priory-9-7-2012.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416000142/http://www.sspx.org/regional_sspx_news/africa/nigeria_priory-9-7-2012/nigeria_priory-9-7-2012.htm |archive-date=16 April 2013}}</ref> [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]]).
== Jami'o'in Katolika a Najeriya ==
* Jami'ar Caritas, Amorji-Nike
* [[Jami'ar Godfrey Okoye]], Enugu
* Jami'ar Madonna (Ihiala) , Okija
* Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Mai Ceto, Enugu
* VUNA, [[Jami'ar Veritas]] Abuja ([[Jami'ar Veritas|Jami'ar Katolika ta Najeriya]]), Abuja <ref>{{Cite web |title=Veritas University Abuja |url=https://www.veritas.edu.ng/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=www.veritas.edu.ng}}</ref>
* [[Jami'ar Augustine, Ilara|Jami'ar Augustine Ilara]]
* [[Jami'ar Pan Atlantic|Jami'ar Pan-Atlantic]], Legas <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Pan-Atlantic University |url=http://www.pau.edu.ng/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
Jami'ar Dominican, Ibadan
== Manyan seminaries a Najeriya ==
* [http://www.sspp-ng.urbaniana.edu/ Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarkaka Bitrus da Bulus, Ibadan, Jihar Oyo, Najeriya]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130507060540/http://www.seminaryofallsaints.com/index.html Cibiyar Nazarin Dukan Masu Tsarki, Uhiele Ekpoma, Jihar Edo, Najeriya]
* [https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cevang/pont_soc/pospa/documents/rc_pospa_pro_20010501_memorial_en.html Cibiyar Tunawa da Bigard, Enugu]
* [http://www.stams-ng.urbaniana.edu/ Babban Makarantar St. Thomas Aquinas, Makurdi]
* Babban Makarantar Nazarin St. Augustine, Jos
* [http://www.mspfathers.com/seminary Cibiyar Nazarin Wa'azi ta Kasa ta St. Paul, Gwagwalada]
* [https://www.facebook.com/St.JosephMajorSeminary.IkotEkpene.AkwaIbomState Babban Makarantar Nazarin St Joseph Ikot Ekpene]
* Babban Makarantar Nazarin Tansi mai albarka Onitsha, Jihar Anambra
* St Albert Babban Babban Seminary Abeokuta
* St. John of the Cross Spiritual Year Seminary, Ekpoma
* Babban Cibiyar Nazarin Hikima, Owerri
* Cibiyar Nazarin Hikima, Cibiyar Nazari ta Umuahia
* Babban Makarantar JohnPaul II, Awka
* Babban Makarantar Nazarin Makiyayi Mai Kyau, Kaduna
* Cibiyar Falsafa ta Claretian, Nekede Owerri
* Cibiyar Ilimin tauhidi ta Ruhaniya Attakwu Enugu
* Cibiyar Falsafa ta Ruhaniya, Isienu Nsukka
* Cibiyar Falsafa ta Don Bosco <ref>{{Cite web |title=DON BOSCO INSTITUTE OF PHILOSOPHY, IBADAN - Lumen et Sapientia |url=http://www.dbipibadan.com/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> Tana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Salesian Pontifical (Roma)
* Cibiyar Dominican <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome |url=http://dominicaninstitute.org/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=Dominican Institute |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Ƙananan seminaries a Najeriya ==
* Makarantar sakandare ta St Augustine, Amechi Ezzamgbo, Abakaliki, Jihar Ebonyi
* Sarauniyar Manzanni Seminary, Afaha Obong, Abak, Jihar Akwa Ibom
* Cibiyar Nazarin Immaculate Conception, Mfamosing, Jihar Cross River
* St John Vianney Minor Seminary, Barkin-Ladi, Jihar Plateau
* Makarantar Nazarin St James, Yandev Gboko
* Ƙananan Makarantar Nazarin St Jude, Kuje Abuja
* St Theresa's Minor Seminary Oke-Are Ibadan
* Zuciya Mai Tsarki Ƙananan Seminary Akure
* St Clement's Minor Seminary, Adankolo-Lokoja, Jihar Kogi
* Makarantar St Paul ta Ukpor, Jihar Nnewi Anambra
* All Hallows Seminary, Jihar Onitsha Anambra
* Makarantar Kimiyya ta Musamman ta St Joseph, Jihar Awka-Etiti Anambra.
* Makarantar Nazarin Rahama, Jihar Bende Abia
* Cibiyar Nazarin Immaculate Conception, Ahiaeke Umuahia, Jihar Abia
* Makarantar St Dominic Savio, Akpu, Jihar Anambra
* Makarantar St John Bosco, Isuaniocha, Jihar Anambra
* Shahadar Mai Tsarki na Uganda Makarantar Sakandare ta Effurun, Jihar Delta
* Cibiyar Nazarin Sanarwa Amaudara, Jihar Abia
* St John-cross ƙaramin seminary, Isienu-Nsukka, jihar Enugu
* Makarantar St Charles Borromeo, Imiringi, Jihar Bayelsa.
* Makarantar Nazarin St Mary's Umuowa, Orlu, Jihar Imo.
* Bonus Pastor Seminary Osina, Ideato North, Jihar Imo.
* Assumpta Minor Seminary, Owerri Archdiocese.
* Makarantar Nazarin Mater Ecclesiae, Nguru Mbaise, Diocese na Ahiara
* Cibiyar Nazarin St Peter Claver ta Okpala Owerri
* Paparoma John Paul II Seminary Yala Okpoma Ogoja Diocese
* Makarantar St Peter's Ogii, Okigwe Diocese
* Cibiyar Nazarin Zuciya Mai Tsarki, Rumuebiekwe Port Hacourt, Port hacourt Diocese
* Makarantar St Felix Ejeme-Anigor, Jihar Delta
* St Joseph Seminary Basawa, Zaria, Jihar Kaduna.
* St Charles Borromeo Ƙananan Seminary, Jihar Madakiya Kaduna
* St Peter's Minor Seminary, Jihar Katari Kaduna
* St Peter's Minor Seminary, Jihar Yola Adamawa
* St Joseph's Minor Seminary, Jihar Shuwa Adamawa
* Makarantar Nazarin Zuciya Mai Tsarki, Jihar Jauro Yinu Taraba
* St Paul Minor Seminary, Benin City, Jihar Edo
== 'Yan Najeriya da aka tsarkake ko kuma aka yi musu beatification ==
* Mai albarka Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi, daga [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] Beatified da Paparoma John Paul II, 22 Maris 1998 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Untitled Document |url=http://www.afrikaworld.net/tansi/index.html |access-date=2019-06-12 |website=www.afrikaworld.net}}</ref>
== Ikklisiyoyin addinin Katolika da aka kafa a Najeriya ==
* 'Ya'ya mata na ƙaunar Allah<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daughters of Divine Love (DDL) website |url=http://www.daughtersofdivinelovedev.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220022451/http://www.daughtersofdivinelovedev.org/ |archive-date=20 February 2014 |access-date=30 May 2013}}</ref>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170919171934/http://newevangelizationsisters.org/ Sabon Bishara 'Yan uwa mata na Uwar Taimako na Har abada)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180711025622/http://www.smmmonline.org/ 'Ya'yan Maryamu, Uwar Rahama Ikilisiya]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141217032817/http://dmmmusa-can.org/ 'Ya'ya mata na Maryamu, Uwar Rahama Ikilisiya]
* 'Yan uwa mata masu tsarki na iyali
* [https://www.divinemercysisters.net 'Yan uwa mata masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na jinƙai, Nnewi, Najeriya]
* 'Yan'uwa mata na Zuciya ta Yesu, Ikeja, Legas-State.
* 'Yan uwa mata na Yesu da aka gicciye, Uratta, Owerri, Jihar Imo
* 'Yar'uwar Yesu da Maryamu mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje, Warri
== Ƙungiyoyin mishan da ke aiki a Najeriya ==
* [http://www.sma.ie/ Kungiyar Ayyukan Afirka]
* [http://www.spiritan.ie/2012/ The Spiritans (Congregation of the Holy Spirit, CSSp.)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160327233952/http://augustinians.net/ The Augustinians (Order of Saint Augustine, O.S.A.)]
* [http://www.olasistersnigeria.org/ 'Yan uwa mata masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na Uwargidanmu na Manzanni]
* [http://www.stlouissisters.org/ 'Yan uwa mata na St. Louis]
* [http://donbosconigeria.blogspot.ie/ Salesians na Don Bosco] Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB) ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130707020038/http://www.missionariesofafrica.org/about/mission.html Masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na Afirka]
* [http://www.pmsng.org/ Ƙungiyoyin Jakadancin Paparoma na Najeriya (PMS Najeriya)]
* [http://www.churchinneed.org/ Taimako ga Cocin da ke Bukata]
* [http://www.mspfathers.com/ Ƙungiyar Mishan ta St. Paul]
* Tsarin Masu Wa'azi (Dominicans)
* Tsarin Carmelites da ba su da takalma
* Franciscans
* Ƙungiyar Yesu (Jesuits)
* Iyaye Masu Wa'azi a ƙasashen waje
* Oblates na St Joseph
* Masu Ceto
* [http://www.vocationist.net Masu sana'a] The Society of Divine Vocations
* [http://www.paulinesafrica.org/ 'Ya'ya mata na St Paul]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180630003406/http://www.divinemercysisters.net/ (Masu'uwa'uwa'u na Missionary na Rahama na Allah P. O. Akwatin 611 Nnewi Najeriya Cell: +2348033802674)]
* [http://www.omvnigeria.org// Oblates na Budurwa Maryamu]
* [https://www.omiworld.org Masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na Maryamu Immaculate]
== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
== Haɗin waje ==
* [http://www.csnigeria.org/ Sakatariyar Katolika ta Najeriya]
* [http://www.cbcn-ng.org/ Taron Bishops na Katolika na Najeriya]
* [http://www.cnsng.org/ Ofishin Labaran Katolika na Najeriya]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/NG.htm Bayani na GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/dng.html Shugabannin Katolika Jerin haruffa na diocese na Najeriya]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/scng1.html Katolika-Hierarchy Najeriya Statistical Table by Diocese]\
* [http://www.catholicchess.com/index.htm Shirin C.H.E.S. na Katolika (Gidan Katolika, Ilimi da Taimako na Jama'a)]
* [http://www.fides.org/ "Agencia Fides" Ofishin Bayanai na Ƙungiyoyin Jakadancin Paparoma tun 1927]
[[Rukuni:Kiristancìì]]
ae2o9qbq9jy2qs0shu3zzdkrhl4w9m8
Ging
0
89317
559295
2024-12-18T20:40:52Z
Umar A Muhammad
22698
An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1125044285|Ging]]"
559295
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Ging''' ko Gings na iya zama:
* <nowiki><i id="mwCg">Ging</i></nowiki> (fim) , fim din Philippines na 1964
* Ging (CD mai rai) , bambancin GNU
* Ging (sunan mahaifi) , sunan mahaifi
* Ging, sunan mataki na mawaƙa Adam Feeney (f.k.a. Frank Dukes)
* Gings, Indiana, al'umma a Amurka
* Ging Freecss, wani hali a cikin jerin manga ''Hunter × Hunter''
l1mm65dj7waenwu7ak23c3jdsnuhuu0
Tattaunawar user:Baeurluicylady
3
89318
559297
2024-12-18T21:25:23Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559297
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Baeurluicylady! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Baeurluicylady|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
8yd102689qhnwtopvencrnnz826pjlk
Tattaunawar user:Tamwr Daher
3
89319
559298
2024-12-18T21:25:33Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559298
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tamwr Daher! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tamwr Daher|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
njm4ojjwiecvu7vuc67u6s6ovnu6ztj
Tattaunawar user:Tibe99
3
89320
559299
2024-12-18T21:25:43Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559299
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tibe99! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tibe99|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
en2znbhhw1mfb64vbc5inub1brakf4d
Tattaunawar user:TeratingaKevinBaughsNewFriend
3
89321
559300
2024-12-18T21:25:53Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559300
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TeratingaKevinBaughsNewFriend! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TeratingaKevinBaughsNewFriend|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
qm50628mbpyqj0zm4za7xoe86l15ocp
Tattaunawar user:The Story of Marjaan
3
89322
559301
2024-12-18T21:26:03Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559301
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, The Story of Marjaan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/The Story of Marjaan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
10fdqxxq0forrpxtypcfnu23pbggscu
Tattaunawar user:Johnny DeVore Falcor Moore
3
89323
559302
2024-12-18T21:26:13Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559302
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Johnny DeVore Falcor Moore! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Johnny DeVore Falcor Moore|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
c5lh21hve6ls92yyyui32l5xqfw7e9d
Tattaunawar user:許博恩
3
89324
559303
2024-12-18T21:26:23Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559303
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 許博恩! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/許博恩|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
j3r53o3obreblnmi10gjaqqz7l7bbv3
Tattaunawar user:KamdaSamga
3
89325
559304
2024-12-18T21:26:33Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559304
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, KamdaSamga! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/KamdaSamga|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
m9p47nwu69yhajvtudg03mv4tnqi9w4
Tattaunawar user:Trafficvd
3
89326
559305
2024-12-18T21:26:43Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559305
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Trafficvd! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Trafficvd|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
kdta1htxcjzx1zbwu5rtqdiyvpmeq8w
Tattaunawar user:Echeveria6
3
89327
559306
2024-12-18T21:26:53Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559306
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Echeveria6! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Echeveria6|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
p3r2uprymixpxtrjgtqm175c8h5ty06
Tattaunawar user:Julijana Vasil
3
89328
559307
2024-12-18T21:27:03Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559307
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Julijana Vasil! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Julijana Vasil|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
nve1yijaakpk55fzqfbo38mrd3mb1al
Tattaunawar user:Keh1217
3
89329
559308
2024-12-18T21:27:13Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559308
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Keh1217! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Keh1217|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
ks4ydg7dg3jw0y5tbzl1ju8r3rcbvel
Tattaunawar user:Bagalamama
3
89330
559309
2024-12-18T21:27:23Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559309
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bagalamama! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bagalamama|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
3mxc5u8cvssbp0yo9vhyv1pk1fs9nlk
Tattaunawar user:Orsatelli
3
89331
559310
2024-12-18T21:27:33Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559310
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Orsatelli! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Orsatelli|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
os37mvlu4lbtprmustlcx2ari2loz19
Tattaunawar user:Võ ngọc thiện
3
89332
559311
2024-12-18T21:27:43Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559311
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Võ ngọc thiện! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Võ ngọc thiện|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
53o657u1ay62vko18zd7jpfyon5fiqy
Tattaunawar user:Intichkanmi7378
3
89333
559312
2024-12-18T21:27:53Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559312
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Intichkanmi7378! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Intichkanmi7378|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
avenv13qycxfahujyp3h7eioj1vjszm
Tattaunawar user:Zaharaddini Haruna
3
89334
559313
2024-12-18T21:28:03Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559313
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Zaharaddini Haruna! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Zaharaddini Haruna|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
n3zowp70aefq8esvwqddbzj65nicod5
Tattaunawar user:Sabiqu Sharif
3
89335
559314
2024-12-18T21:28:13Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559314
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sabiqu Sharif! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sabiqu Sharif|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
1f4p4tm7t5wf3hfinnyeo2lz9xnehe3
Tattaunawar user:LetsPlayNintendoITA2023
3
89336
559315
2024-12-18T21:28:23Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559315
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, LetsPlayNintendoITA2023! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/LetsPlayNintendoITA2023|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
mgsvjuilmsye4gtla5v69s7pcak21ah
Tattaunawar user:Umar Halilu Ibrahim
3
89337
559316
2024-12-18T21:28:33Z
AmmarBot
13973
Barka da zuwa!
559316
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Umar Halilu Ibrahim! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Umar Halilu Ibrahim|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]
Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 18 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
cc8vwsik6qeg78c21726jesyzf236y4
Rukuni:Mata a ja
14
89338
559320
2024-12-18T23:41:11Z
Uncle Bash007
9891
Sabon shafi: Wannan Rukuni ya kunshi mukalai na mata da suke a jan mahada (i.e. Women in Red Links), wanda ya kamata a kirkire su == Mukalai ==
559320
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Wannan Rukuni ya kunshi mukalai na mata da suke a jan mahada (i.e. Women in Red Links), wanda ya kamata a kirkire su
== Mukalai ==
lwcd6rmcbxl01h1qllltapbms7jgcwj
559321
559320
2024-12-18T23:46:13Z
Uncle Bash007
9891
/* Mukalai */
559321
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Wannan Rukuni ya kunshi mukalai na mata da suke a jan mahada (i.e. Women in Red Links), wanda ya kamata a kirkire su
== Mukalai ==
Mata a Kimiyya da Fasaha (Women in Science & Art)
A
# [[Adalgisa Nery]]
# [[Adriana Lisboa]]
# [[Adelina Lopes Vieira]]
# [[Adélia Prado]]
# [[Ana Paula Arendt]]
# [[Ana Paula Lisboa]]
# [[Adalcinda Camarão]]
# [[Alice Ruiz]]
# [[Ana Cristina Cesar]]
# [[Adélia Josefina de Castro Fonseca]]
# [[Ana Montenegro]]
# [[Amália dos Passos Figueiroa]]
# [[Ângela Lago]]
# [[Angélica Freitas]]
# [[Anilda Leão]]
# [[Ana Martins Marques]]
# [[Auta de Souza]]
# [[Beatriz Bandeira]]
# [[Bruna Beber]]
# [[Beatriz Francisca de Assis Brandão]]
# [[Bruna Lombardi]]
# [[Helena Parente Cunha]]
# [[Carmen Dolores]]
# [[Celeste Jaguaribe de Matos Faria]]
# [[Cecília Meireles]]
# [[Cora Coralina]]
# [[Delfina Benigna da Cunha]]
# [[Dina Mangabeira]]
# [[Dora Vasconcellos]]
# [[Estrela Leminski]]
# [[Ellen Lima Wassu]]
# [[Elisa Lucinda]]
# [[Esmeralda Ribeiro]]
# [[Gilka Machado]]
# [[Hilda Hilst]]
# [[Helena Kolody]]
# [[Henriqueta Lisboa]]
# [[Isabel Câmara]]
# [[Julieta de Melo Monteiro]]
# [[Kátya Chamma]]
# [[Lenora de Barros]]
# [[Lucila Nogueira]]
# [[Lupe Cotrim]]
# [[Leila Míccolis]
# [[Lourdes Teodoro]]]
# [[Mariana Coelho]]
# [[Miriam Alves]]
# [[Maria da Cunha]]
# [[Maria Rita Kehl]]
# [[Marly de Oliveira]]
# [[Miêtta Santiago]]
# [[Mira Schendel]]
# [[Malvina Tavares]]
# [[Marcia Theophilo]]
# [[Narcisa Amália]]
# [[Natalia Borges Polesso]]
# [[Nísia Floresta]]
# [[Olga Savary]]
# [[Pagu]]
# [[Renata Pallottini]]
# [[Ruth Guimarães]]
# [[Simone Saback]]
# [[Tânia Martins]]
# [[Urânia Vanério]]
# [[Vera Pedrosa]]
# [[Viviane Mosé]]
# [[Yde Schloenbach Blumenschein]]
c36zmclytdohw8v6kuoymwizym1s29b
559322
559321
2024-12-18T23:46:50Z
Uncle Bash007
9891
/* Mukalai */
559322
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Wannan Rukuni ya kunshi mukalai na mata da suke a jan mahada (i.e. Women in Red Links), wanda ya kamata a kirkire su
== Mukalai ==
Mata a Kimiyya da Fasaha (Women in Science & Art)
A
# [[Adalgisa Nery]]
# [[Adriana Lisboa]]
# [[Adelina Lopes Vieira]]
# [[Adélia Prado]]
# [[Ana Paula Arendt]]
# [[Ana Paula Lisboa]]
# [[Adalcinda Camarão]]
# [[Alice Ruiz]]
# [[Ana Cristina Cesar]]
# [[Adélia Josefina de Castro Fonseca]]
# [[Ana Montenegro]]
# [[Amália dos Passos Figueiroa]]
# [[Ângela Lago]]
# [[Angélica Freitas]]
# [[Anilda Leão]]
# [[Ana Martins Marques]]
# [[Auta de Souza]]
# [[Beatriz Bandeira]]
# [[Bruna Beber]]
# [[Beatriz Francisca de Assis Brandão]]
# [[Bruna Lombardi]]
# [[Helena Parente Cunha]]
# [[Carmen Dolores]]
# [[Celeste Jaguaribe de Matos Faria]]
# [[Cecília Meireles]]
# [[Cora Coralina]]
# [[Delfina Benigna da Cunha]]
# [[Dina Mangabeira]]
# [[Dora Vasconcellos]]
# [[Estrela Leminski]]
# [[Ellen Lima Wassu]]
# [[Elisa Lucinda]]
# [[Esmeralda Ribeiro]]
# [[Gilka Machado]]
# [[Hilda Hilst]]
# [[Helena Kolody]]
# [[Henriqueta Lisboa]]
# [[Isabel Câmara]]
# [[Julieta de Melo Monteiro]]
# [[Kátya Chamma]]
# [[Lenora de Barros]]
# [[Lucila Nogueira]]
# [[Lupe Cotrim]]
# [[Leila Míccolis]]
# [[Lourdes Teodoro]]]
# [[Mariana Coelho]]
# [[Miriam Alves]]
# [[Maria da Cunha]]
# [[Maria Rita Kehl]]
# [[Marly de Oliveira]]
# [[Miêtta Santiago]]
# [[Mira Schendel]]
# [[Malvina Tavares]]
# [[Marcia Theophilo]]
# [[Narcisa Amália]]
# [[Natalia Borges Polesso]]
# [[Nísia Floresta]]
# [[Olga Savary]]
# [[Pagu]]
# [[Renata Pallottini]]
# [[Ruth Guimarães]]
# [[Simone Saback]]
# [[Tânia Martins]]
# [[Urânia Vanério]]
# [[Vera Pedrosa]]
# [[Viviane Mosé]]
# [[Yde Schloenbach Blumenschein]]
1nju5o1kiu06553mtbh3cdez5t6p3hb
559324
559322
2024-12-19T00:09:04Z
Uncle Bash007
9891
/* Mukalai */
559324
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Wannan Rukuni ya kunshi mukalai na mata da suke a jan mahada (i.e. Women in Red Links), wanda ya kamata a kirkire su
== Mukalai ==
* Mata a Kimiyya da Fasaha (Women in Science & Art)
# [[Adalgisa Nery]]
# [[Adriana Lisboa]]
# [[Adelina Lopes Vieira]]
# [[Adélia Prado]]
# [[Ana Paula Arendt]]
# [[Ana Paula Lisboa]]
# [[Adalcinda Camarão]]
# [[Alice Ruiz]]
# [[Alessandra Silvestri-Levy]]
# [[Alice Dayrell Caldeira Brant]]
# [[Albertina de Oliveira Costa]]
# [[Alzira Rufino]]
# [[Ana Cristina Cesar]]
# [[Adélia Josefina de Castro Fonseca]]
# [[Ana Montenegro]]
# [[Amália dos Passos Figueiroa]]
# [[Ângela Lago]]
# [[Angélica Freitas]]
# [[Anilda Leão]]
# [[Ana Martins Marques]]
# [[Ana Martins Marques]]
# [[Auta de Souza]]
# [[Beatriz Bandeira]]
# [[Bruna Beber]]
# [[Beatriz Francisca de Assis Brandão]]
# [[Bruna Lombardi]]
# [[Bia Corrêa do Lago]]
# [[Bel Pesce]]
# [[Bianca Santana]]
# [[Helena Parente Cunha]]
# [[Carmen Dolores]]
# [[Celeste Jaguaribe de Matos Faria]]
# [[Cecília Meireles]]
# [[Cora Coralina]]
# [[Clara Averbuck]]
# [[Conceição Evaristo]]
# [[Camila Jourdan]]
# [[Carolina Nabuco]]
# [[Corina Novelino]]
# [[Danuza Leão]]
# [[Delfina Benigna da Cunha]]
# [[Dina Mangabeira]]
# [[Dora Vasconcellos]]
# [[Dunga Rodrigues]]
# [[Edy Lima]]
# [[Estrela Leminski]]
# [[Ellen Lima Wassu]]
# [[Elisa Lucinda]]
# [[Esmeralda Ribeiro]]
# [[Eugênia Álvaro Moreyra]]
# [[Eliana Calmon]]
# [[Eliane Brum]]
# [[Eliana Alves Cruz]]
# [[Elvira Pagã]]
# [[Esther Largman]]
# [[Eunice Michiles]]
# [[Francisca Clotilde]]
# [[Francisca Praguer Fróes]]
# [[Fernanda Takai]]
# [[Gilka Machado]]
# [[Giselda Leirner]]
# [[Hilda Hilst]]
# [[Helena Kolody]]
# [[Henriqueta Lisboa]]
# [[Isabel Câmara]]
# [[Illène Pevec]]
# [[Ivone Gebara]]
# [[Julieta de Melo Monteiro]]
# [[Juliana Sakae]]
# [[Josefina Álvares de Azevedo]]
# [[Kátya Chamma]]
# [[Kristy Dempsey]]
# [[Lenora de Barros]]
# [[Lucila Nogueira]]
# [[Lupe Cotrim]]
# [[Leila Míccolis]]
# [[Lourdes Teodoro]]
# [[Lygia Bojunga Nunes]]
# [[Lina Penna Sattamini]]
# [[Mariana Coelho]]
# [[Mariana Torres (writer)]]
# [[Miriam Alves]]
# [[Maria da Cunha]]
# [[Maria Rita Kehl]]
# [[Marly de Oliveira]]
# [[Maitê Proença]]
# [[Miêtta Santiago]]
# [[Mira Schendel]]
# [[Malvina Tavares]]
# [[Marcia Theophilo]]
# [[Maria Carmem Barbosa]]
# [[Mary del Priore]]
# [[Mayra Dias Gomes]]
# [[Monica Buonfiglio]]
# [[Narcisa Amália]]
# [[Natalia Borges Polesso]]
# [[Nísia Floresta]]
# [[Noemi Jaffe]]
# [[Olga Savary]]
# [[Orides Fontela]]
# [[Pagu]]
# [[Renata Pallottini]]
# [[Ruth Guimarães]]
# [[Rosiska Darcy de Oliveira]]
# [[Rosana Hermann]]
# [[Roseana Murray]]
# [[Rose Perussi]]
# [[Simone Saback]]
# [[Simone Campos]]
# [[Socorro Acioli]]
# [[Sonia Fleury]]
# [[Sultana Levy Rosenblatt]]
# [[Sheila Leirner]]
# [[Syang]]
# [[Tânia Martins]]
# [[Tatiana Belinky]]
# [[Tatiana Salem Levy]]
# [[Tamara Klink (sailor)]]
# [[Thereza Santos]]
# [[Therezinha Zerbini]]
# [[Urânia Vanério]]
# [[Vanessa de Oliveira]]
# [[Vera Pedrosa]]
# [[Viviane Mosé]]
# [[Viih Tube]]
# [[Veronica Stigger]]
# [[Yde Schloenbach Blumenschein]]
# [[Zíbia Gasparetto]]
cik1c1gszyrafz1peamrc69nme7y11v
Hezi Shayb
0
89339
559334
2024-12-19T07:06:33Z
Pharouqenr
25549
Kirkirar sabuwar mukala
559334
wikitext
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{{Databox}}
An haifi '''Hezi Aviram Shayb''' a Isra'ila. Yin hidima a matsayin Shugaba na Ƙungiyar Masu shigo da Motoci ta Isra'ila tun 2018.<ref>Management, Israel Vehicle Importers Association.</ref> Yana da kusan shekaru talatin na ƙwarewar jagoranci a cikin Inshora da masana'antar Kera motoci. Tafiyarsa ta ƙwararru ta haɗa da manyan mukamai kamar Shugaban Sabon Kopel Group, Mataimakin Shugaban Kamfanin MCA Group, da Shugaba na Opel Israel. A cikin 2023, Faculty of Law a Jami'ar Bar Ilan ta ba shi takardar shedar a matsayin Masanin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci. Ya kammala karatun digiri ne a Kwalejin Hafsoshin Sojin Ruwa kuma yana rike da mukamin Manjo mai ritaya daga Sojojin Isra'ila. Kwarewarsa ta kai ga gudanar da wasanni, inda, tsakanin 2009 da 2012, ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan Hagar Finer.<ref>Before Fight, Youtube</ref><ref>Finale, Youtube.</ref><ref>Sport 5, Sport</ref> zakaran damben duniya na mata sau biyar. Shi ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren masani ne a cikin gudanar da rikici tare da dogon gogewa wajen tantance haɗari, sarrafa rikice-rikice, da rage su.<ref>Revista Business Magazin i-a premiat pe cei mai admiraţi executivi în cadrul Galei „CEO Awards”, Mediafax.</ref> A cikin 2016, Mujallar Kasuwanci ta ba shi suna "Shugaba mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi" a cikin Romania. Har ila yau, Mujallar Kasuwanci ta karrama shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "Mafi Girman Manyan Shugabanni 100 a Romania" a cikin 2016.<ref>Hezi Shayb CEO New Kopel Group, in top 100 Cei mai admirati CEO 2016, New Kopel.</ref> A fagen ilimi, ya kasance Mataimakin Farfesa a Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Bucharest.<ref>Postgraduate Program on Operational Risk Management in International Business, Capital.ro</ref> tun 2017. Abubuwan da ya dace na ilimi sun hada da Ph.D. a cikin Ilimin Tattalin Arziki da Gudanar da Rikicin, wanda Jami'ar Fasaha ta Moldova ta bayar, da Ph.D na biyu. a cikin Harkokin Tattalin Arziki da Harkokin Ƙasashen Duniya, tare da musamman mayar da hankali kan Dabaru a cikin Harkokin Kasuwancin Duniya, wanda Jami'ar Bucharest na Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta bayar. Shi ma marubuci ne, bayan da ya buga "Gudanar Rikicin Kasuwanci", <ref>Enterprise Crisis Management, Amazon.</ref> a cikin 2021, wanda aka amince da shi a matsayin ɗayan manyan littattafan sarrafa rikici ta BookAuthority, yana tsaye a #14 akan jerin su, inda ya gabatar da ingantaccen ingantaccen algorithm. don gano haɗari, rigakafi, da raguwa a cikin ƙungiyoyi da yawa. A cikin 2023, ya buga "Drive Against Crisis"<ref>Drive Against Crisis, Amazon</ref> yana ba da shawarar tsarin tattalin arziki ga gwamnatoci da masu kera motoci don rage rikice-rikice, haɗari, da gurɓatawa. Sabon littafinsa, "Ka kasance Mai Canjin Wasan"<ref>Be The Game Changer, Amazon</ref> a cikin 2024, yana ba da shawarwari masu amfani don shawo kan matsalolin sirri da na ƙwararru waɗanda ke da nufin ƙarfafa shugabannin matasa da 'yan kasuwa.
== Manazarta ==
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Natalia Fileva
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'''Natalia Valerievna Fileva''' (Rashanci: Наталия Валерьевна Филёва; 27 Nuwamba 1963 - 31 Maris 2019) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Rasha kuma shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na kamfanin S7 Airlines. A cikin 2018, Forbes ta lissafta ta a matsayin mace ta huɗu mafi arziki a Rasha, tare da ƙima da darajarta a dalar Amurka miliyan 600.<ref>Наталия Филева. Фото". www.forbes.ru (in Russian). 8 August 2018.</ref> Ta rasu ne a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a Jamus a shekarar 2019.
== Aiki da rayuwar ta ==
An haife shi a Novosibirsk, Fileva ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Novosibirsk tare da digiri a aikin injiniya na rediyo da Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa na Jihar Novosibirsk tare da digiri a cikin gudanarwar samarwa.
Fileva ta auri Vladislav Filev, babban darektan na S7 Airlines. Sun haifi 'ya'ya uku.
== Mutuwa ==
A ranar 31 ga Maris 2019, ta kasance fasinja a kan Epic LT, lokacin da ta yi hatsari a cikin filin da ke kusa da filin jirgin saman Frankfurt Egelsbach, inda ta kashe dukkan mutane ukun da ke cikin, ciki har da mahaifinta.<ref>В Германии разбился самолёт с главой S7 — Происшествия на TJ" (in Russian). tjournal.ru. 31 March 2019. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2019.</ref><ref>Natalia Fileva, Russian Aviation Tycoon, Dies in Plane Crash". The New York Times. 1 Apr 2019. Retrieved 1 Apr 2019.</ref>
Fileva tana kan hanyar zuwa wani alƙawari na likita a Frankfurt daga Faransa lokacin da hatsarin ya faru.<ref>Niles, Russ (1 April 2019). "Wife Of Epic Owner Confirmed As Crash Victim". AVweb. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019</ref> Wasu mutane biyu sun mutu a lokacin da motar ‘yan sanda da ke tafiya zuwa wurin da hatsarin ya faru ta yi karo da wata mota a kusa da filin jirgin. ‘Yan sandan uku da ke cikin motar ‘yan sandan sun samu munanan raunuka<ref>Natalia Fileva: Russia airline co-owner dies in private plane crash". 2019-03-31. Retrieved 2024-09-26.</ref>.
== Manazarta ==
gsa3d0nouxlqw1bidkk5w5srq2wts1e
Hlittar Scardovia wiggsiae
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'''Scardovia wiggsiae''' nau'in kwayoyin cuta ne a cikin dangin Bifidobacteriaceae. A cikin 2011, wani binciken da aka gudanar ta amfani da yanayin al'adun anaerobic ya ba da izinin gano sabon nau'in 2011 sun ba da izinin gano nau'in 2011) a cikin 2011.<ref>Downes, J.; Mantzourani, M.; Beighton, D.; Hooper, S.; Wilson, M.J.; Nicholson, A.; Wade, W.G. ''Scardovia wiggsiae'' sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity and clinical material, and emended descriptions of the genus ''Scardovia'' and ''Scardovia inopinata''. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2011, 61, 25–29</ref> haihuwa da watanni 71). Takardar Bossù et al. 2020 [<ref>Bossù, M.; Selan, L.; Artini, M.; Relucenti, M.; Familiari, G.; Papa, R.; Vrenna, G.; Spigaglia, P.; Barbanti, F.; Salucci, A.; Giorgio, G.D.; Rau, J.V.; Polimeni, A. Characterization of Scardovia wiggsiae Biofilm by Original Scanning Electron Microscopy Protocol. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 807</ref>] ya nuna cewa S. wiggsiae ya samar da biofilm kuma ya kwatanta a karon farko tare da babban ƙuduri na bincikar microscopy na lantarki hotunan yanayin halittar wannan ƙwayar cuta da biofilm. An samo hotuna ta amfani da ka'idar microscopy na lantarki ta asali, maganin OsO4-RR-TA-IL. Fim ɗin na halitta yana da ƙaƙƙarfan gine-gine mai girma uku da aka yi da Eps trabeculae, a cikin wannan tsari an ɓullo da wani hadadden tsarin micro-canalicular. S. wiggsiae yana da ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta mai tsayi, ba tare da pili ko fimbriae ba. Yana samar da gungu na ƙwayoyin cuta da aka saka a cikin Eps scaffold.
== Manazarta ==
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Filin Jirgin Hakodate
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'''Filin jirgin sama na Hakodate''' (函館空港, Hakodate Kūkō) (IATA: HKD, ICAO: RJCH) filin jirgin sama ne mai nisan kilomita 7.6 (4.7 mi) gabas<ref>AIS Japan Archived 2016-05-17 at the Portuguese Web Archive</ref> na tashar Hakodate a Hakodate, birni ne a Hokkaido, Japan. Ma'aikatar Filaye ce, Gine-gine, Sufuri da yawon buɗe ido kuma Filin Jirgin Sama na Hokkaido [ja].
== Tarihi ==
An buɗe filin jirgin saman Hakodate a cikin 1961 tare da titin jirgin sama guda ɗaya mai tsayin mita 1,200. Wani sabon haɓaka tashoshi da tsawaita titin jirgin zuwa mita 2,000 ya fara aiki a cikin 1971. An ƙara ƙarin titin zuwa 2,500 m a 1978 kuma zuwa 3,000 m a 1999. An buɗe sabon ginin tashar a 2005.<ref>日本の空港/VFRパイロットの飛行場・ヘリポート情報誌!. www.dgraph.co.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2017-04-17</ref>
A ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1976, matukin jirgin Soviet Viktor Belenko ya koma yamma ta hanyar saukar da jirgin MiG-25 Foxbat a filin jirgin saman Hakodate.<ref>Dowling, Stephen (2016-09-05). "The pilot who stole a secret Soviet fighter jet". BBC. Retrieved 2017-04-17.</ref>
A ranar 21 ga watan Yunin shekarar 1995, wani ma’aikacin bankin Tokyo mai suna Fumio Kutsumi, ya yi awon gaba da jirgin All Nippon Airways mai lamba 857, jirgin Boeing 747 daga Tokyo zuwa Hakodate. Kutsumi yayi ikirarin cewa yana aiki ne a madadin shugaban kungiyar asiri ta Aum Shinrikyo Shoko Asahara. Jirgin ya sauka a Hakodate kuma ya kasance a kan titin jirgin sama na tsawon sa'o'i 15 kafin a wayi gari 'yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma su far wa jirgin tare da kubutar da fasinjojin.<ref>Reid, T. R. (1995-06-22). "JAPANESE POLICE STORM PLANE, GRAB HIJACKER". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-04-17.</ref>
== Manazarta ==
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Martin Bozhilov
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'''Martin Bozhilov''' (Bulgarian: Мартин Божилов) (an haife shi 11 Afrilu 1988) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Bulgaria. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Bulgaria a Gasar Wasannin Wasan Wallon Kaya ta Duniya ta FIVB ta 2014 a Poland.<ref>"Team Roster 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship – Bulgaria". poland2014.fivb.org. Retrieved 12 October 2015</ref> Yana buga wa CSKA Sofia wasa.
== Manazarta ==
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Jamie Foxx
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'''Eric Marlon Bishop''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan December, shekarata alif 1967),<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2021 |title=Famous birthdays for Dec. 13: Steve Buscemi, Jamie Foxx |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2021/12/13/Famous-birthdays-for-Dec-13-Steve-Buscemi-Jamie-Foxx/7841639324644/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220131222750/https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2021/12/13/Famous-birthdays-for-Dec-13-Steve-Buscemi-Jamie-Foxx/7841639324644/ |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |website=[[United Press International]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boucher |first=Ashley |date=May 30, 2017 |title=The Internet Just Realized Jamie Foxx Isn't His Real Name |url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-internet-just-realized-jamie-foxx-isnt-his-real-name/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220131223857/https://www.thewrap.com/the-internet-just-realized-jamie-foxx-isnt-his-real-name/ |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> Wanda akafi Sani da Sana'ar '''Jamie Foxx''', dan wasan kwaikwayone na amurka, Dan wasan bar kwanci,kuma mawaki ne.ya samu ci gaban sana'arsa a matsayinsa na fitaccen dan wasa a wasan kwaikwayo na sketch commedy ''In Living Color'' daga 1991 zuwa 1994. Bayan wannan nasarar, an bashi nasasitcom, ''The Jamie Foxx Show'', A cikin abin da yayi tauraro, hade da kuma samar daga 1996 zuwa 2001.
Foxx ya sami yabo saboda hotonsa na [./<i id=]Ray_Charles" id="mwIg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles a fim din Ray (2004), inda ya lashe Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Actor . A wannan shekarar, an zabe shi don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako don rawar da ya taka a fim din aikata laifuka Collateral . Ya ''Rai'' cigaba da shahara saboda rawar daya taka a fim din ''Ali'' (2001), ''Jarhead'' (2005), Dreamgirls (2006), ''Miami Vice'' (2006), Horrible Bosses (2011), ''Django Unchained'' (2012), ''Annie'' (2014), Baby Driver (2017), da Soul (2020). Ya kuma buga Electro acikin The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014) da Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021) da Walter McMillian a cikin Just Mercy (2019).
Foxx kuma ya fara aiki mai nasara a matsayin mawaƙin R & B a cikin 2000s. Ya sami lambar guda biyu a kan <nowiki><i id="mwRg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100, tare da fasalulluka a kan waƙoƙin "Slow Jamz" na Twista tare da [[Kanye West]], da kuma "Gold Digger" na tsohon. Ɗaya daga cikin sa "Blame It" ya lashe kyautar Grammy don Mafi kyawun R & B Performance ta Duo ko Group tare da Vocals. Hudu daga cikin kundin studio guda biyar sun kasance a cikin manyan goma na <nowiki><i id="mwTg">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 na Amurka: Unpredictable (2005), wanda ya hau kan ginshiƙi, Intuition (2008), Best Night of My Life (2010), da Hollywood: A Story of a Dozen Roses (2015). Tun daga shekara ta 2017, [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] ya yi aiki a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin kuma babban furodusa na wasan kwaikwayo na Fox Beat Shazam . A cikin 2021, ya rubuta tarihin kansa Act Like You Got Some Sense .
An haife shi a Terrell, Texas, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamie Foxx |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jamie-foxx/3030173104/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220131224521/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jamie-foxx/3030173104/ |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |website=[[TV Guide]]}}</ref> Foxx ɗan Darrell Bishop ne (wanda aka sake masa suna Shahid Abdula bayan juyowa zuwa Islama), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts |url=http://www.jamie-foxx.us/jamie/facts/ |access-date=January 20, 2016 |website=jamie-foxx.us}}</ref> wanda wani lokacin yake aiki a matsayin mai sayar da kayayyaki, da Louise Annette Talley Dixon . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwarsa, iyayen mahaifiyarsa, Esther Marie (née Nelson), ma'aikaciyar gida da mai kula da yara, da Mark Talley, ma'aikacin yadi ne suka karbe Foxx kuma suka yi renonsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oscar's Golden Foxx (washingtonpost.com) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A58372-2005Feb27.html |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref><ref name="actors">{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2004 |title=Jamie Foxx, Season 11, Episode 1104 |url=http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202235015/http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-date=February 2, 2007 |website=[[Inside the Actors Studio]]}}</ref> Ba shi da wata hulɗa da iyayensa na haihuwa, waɗanda ba su da wani ɓangare na renonsa. An haife shi a cikin baƙar fata na Terrell, wanda a lokacin al'umma ce mai wariyar launin fata.<ref name="Times Online" /> Sau da yawa ya yarda da tasirin kakarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan dalilan nasararsa.<ref name="actors" />
Foxx ya fara wasa da piano lokacin da yake dan shekara biyar. Yana da tsananin ilimin Baptist <ref name="actors">{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2004 |title=Jamie Foxx, Season 11, Episode 1104 |url=http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202235015/http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-date=February 2, 2007 |website=[[Inside the Actors Studio]]}}</ref> kuma a matsayin matashi ya kasance dan wasan piano na ɗan lokaci kuma shugaban mawaƙa a cikin Cocin Baptist na Terrell. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 11, 2005 |title=Marking the First Anniversary of TV One, Triple Golden Globe Nominee Jamie Foxx is Catherine Hughes' Special Guest on 'TV One on One' January 17 |url=http://www.exodusnews.com/entertainment/Entertain109.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210043621/http://www.exodusnews.com/entertainment/Entertain109.htm |archive-date=February 10, 2005 |access-date=February 23, 2009}}</ref> Kwarewarsa ta halitta don yin ba'a ta riga ta kasance a cikin shaida a matsayin aji na uku, lokacin da malaminsa ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin lada: idan ajin ya nuna kyau, Foxx zai gaya musu ba'a. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Terrell, inda ya sami maki na farko kuma ya buga wasan [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] da kwallon kafa (a matsayin mai tsaron gida). Muradinsa shine ya buga wa Dallas Cowboys, kuma shi ne dan wasa na farko a tarihin makarantar da ya wuce fiye da 1,000 yadudduka. <ref name="Times Online" /> Ya kuma raira waƙa a cikin ƙungiyar da ake kira Leather and Lace . <ref name="Times Online" /> Bayan makarantar sakandare, Foxx ya sami tallafin karatu a Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka, inda ya yi karatun kiɗa da zane-zane. <ref name="Times Online" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Janice |date=August 5, 2004 |title=5 Reasons You Gotta Know ... Jamie Foxx |url=https://people.com/human-interest/5-reasons-you-gotta-know-jamie-foxx/ |access-date=January 4, 2009 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref>
== Ayyuka ==
=== 1989-2003: Tsaya, sitcom, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na farko ===
Foxx ya fara yin ba'a a wani kulob din wasan kwaikwayo na bude mic a shekarar 1989, bayan ya yarda da ƙarfin gwiwar budurwa. Lokacin da ya gano cewa ana kiran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo mata da farko don yin wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya zaɓi sunan Jamie Foxx, wanda ya ji yana da isasshen rashin tabbas don hana duk wani son zuciya, tare da sunansa ya zama haraji ga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na baki Redd Foxx. Foxx ya shiga aikin In Living Color a shekarar 1991, inda halin da yake da shi Wanda ya raba sunan tare da abokin Redd kuma abokin aiki, LaWanda Page . Bayan rawar da ya taka akai-akai a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Roc, Foxx ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin kansa sitcom The Jamie Foxx Show, daga 1996 zuwa 2001, wanda shi ma ya kirkiro kuma ya samar ta hanyar kamfaninsa Foxx Hole Productions kuma an watsa shi a kan hanyar sadarwar WB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamie Foxx Biography |url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/person/21681/personmain.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041126201556/http://www.mtv.com/movies/person/21681/personmain.jhtml |archive-date=November 26, 2004 |access-date=February 23, 2009 |website=MTV}}</ref>
Foxx zai kuma nuna [./<i id=]Ray_Charles" id="mw4A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles a cikin fim din Ray (2004), wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Actor <ref name="actors">{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2004 |title=Jamie Foxx, Season 11, Episode 1104 |url=http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202235015/http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-date=February 2, 2007 |website=[[Inside the Actors Studio]]}}</ref> da kuma lambar yabo ta BAFTA don Mafi kyawun Actress a Matsayin Jagora. Foxx shine namiji na uku a tarihi (''Bayani'' Barry Fitzgerald da Al Pacino) don karɓar gabatarwa biyu na Oscar a cikin wannan shekarar don fina-finai biyu daban-daban, Collateral da ''Ray'' . A shekara ta 2005, an gayyaci Foxx don shiga Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 24, 2005 |title=Academy Invites 112 to Membership. |url=http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2005/05.06.24.html |publisher=Oscars.org}}</ref>
Foxx ta farko guda daga cikin kundin, taken waƙa "Unpredictable" (tare da Ludacris), ya kai kololuwa a cikin <nowiki><i id="mwAQk">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 Top 10 singles kuma ya sanya UK Top 20 singles chart; waƙoƙin samfurori "Wildflower" ta New Birth. Na biyu na Amurka daga cikin kundin shine "DJ Play a Love Song," wanda ya sake haɗawa da Foxx tare da Twista. A Burtaniya, na biyu shi ne "Extravaganza", wanda ya ga Foxx ya sake yin aiki tare da [[Kanye West]], kodayake Foxx bai fito a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar ba.
A 2006 BET Awards, Foxx ya lashe kyautar Duet / Haɗin gwiwa tare da [[Kanye West]] don "Gold Digger" kuma ya ɗaure tare da Mary J. Blige ta "Be Without You" don Bidiyo na Shekara. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, 2006, Foxx ta sami gabatarwa hudu na Grammy Award, wanda ya hada da Mafi kyawun R & B Performance ta Duo ko Group tare da Vocals for Love Changes featuring Mary J. Blige, Mafi kyawun R&amp;B Album don Unpredictable, Mafi kyawun Rap Performance ta hanyar Duo ko rukuni don ''Georgia'' ta Ludacris & Field Mob featuring Jamie Foxx, da Mafi kyawun Rap / Song Haɗin gwiwa don Unpredical featuring Ludacry.
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, wata mace ta kai Foxx karar da ta zarge shi da cin zarafin ta a shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosenbloom |first=Alli |date=2023-11-23 |title=Jamie Foxx accused of sexual assault in new lawsuit |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/22/entertainment/jamie-foxx-sexual-assault-lawsuit/index.html |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> Fox ya musanta laifin da ake zargi.
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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'''Eric Marlon Bishop''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan December, shekarata alif 1967),<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2021 |title=Famous birthdays for Dec. 13: Steve Buscemi, Jamie Foxx |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2021/12/13/Famous-birthdays-for-Dec-13-Steve-Buscemi-Jamie-Foxx/7841639324644/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220131222750/https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2021/12/13/Famous-birthdays-for-Dec-13-Steve-Buscemi-Jamie-Foxx/7841639324644/ |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |website=[[United Press International]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boucher |first=Ashley |date=May 30, 2017 |title=The Internet Just Realized Jamie Foxx Isn't His Real Name |url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-internet-just-realized-jamie-foxx-isnt-his-real-name/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220131223857/https://www.thewrap.com/the-internet-just-realized-jamie-foxx-isnt-his-real-name/ |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> Wanda akafi Sani da Sana'ar '''Jamie Foxx''', dan wasan kwaikwayone na amurka, Dan wasan bar kwanci,kuma mawaki ne.ya samu ci gaban sana'arsa a matsayinsa na fitaccen dan wasa a wasan kwaikwayo na sketch commedy ''In Living Color'' daga shekarar 1991 zuwa shekarata 1994. Bayan wannan nasarar, an bashi nasasitcom, ''The Jamie Foxx Show'', A cikin abin da yayi tauraro, hade da kuma samar daga 1996 zuwa 2001.
Foxx ya sami yabo saboda hotonsa na [./<i id=]Ray_Charles" id="mwIg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles a fim din Ray (2004), inda ya lashe Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Actor . A wannan shekarar, an zabe shi don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako don rawar da ya taka a fim din aikata laifuka Collateral . Ya ''Rai'' cigaba da shahara saboda rawar daya taka a fim din ''Ali'' (2001), ''Jarhead'' (2005), Dreamgirls (2006), ''Miami Vice'' (2006), Horrible Bosses (2011), ''Django Unchained'' (2012), ''Annie'' (2014), Baby Driver (2017), da Soul (2020). Ya kuma buga Electro acikin The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014) da Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021) da Walter McMillian a cikin Just Mercy (2019).
Foxx kuma ya fara aiki mai nasara a matsayin mawaƙin R & B a cikin 2000s. Ya sami lambar guda biyu a kan <nowiki><i id="mwRg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100, tare da fasalulluka a kan waƙoƙin "Slow Jamz" na Twista tare da [[Kanye West]], da kuma "Gold Digger" na tsohon. Ɗaya daga cikin sa "Blame It" ya lashe kyautar Grammy don Mafi kyawun R & B Performance ta Duo ko Group tare da Vocals. Hudu daga cikin kundin studio guda biyar sun kasance a cikin manyan goma na <nowiki><i id="mwTg">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 na Amurka: Unpredictable (2005), wanda ya hau kan ginshiƙi, Intuition (2008), Best Night of My Life (2010), da Hollywood: A Story of a Dozen Roses (2015). Tun daga shekara ta 2017, [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] ya yi aiki a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin kuma babban furodusa na wasan kwaikwayo na Fox Beat Shazam . A cikin 2021, ya rubuta tarihin kansa Act Like You Got Some Sense .
An haife shi a Terrell, Texas, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamie Foxx |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jamie-foxx/3030173104/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220131224521/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jamie-foxx/3030173104/ |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |website=[[TV Guide]]}}</ref> Foxx ɗan Darrell Bishop ne (wanda aka sake masa suna Shahid Abdula bayan juyowa zuwa Islama), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts |url=http://www.jamie-foxx.us/jamie/facts/ |access-date=January 20, 2016 |website=jamie-foxx.us}}</ref> wanda wani lokacin yake aiki a matsayin mai sayar da kayayyaki, da Louise Annette Talley Dixon . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwarsa, iyayen mahaifiyarsa, Esther Marie (née Nelson), ma'aikaciyar gida da mai kula da yara, da Mark Talley, ma'aikacin yadi ne suka karbe Foxx kuma suka yi renonsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oscar's Golden Foxx (washingtonpost.com) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A58372-2005Feb27.html |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref><ref name="actors">{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2004 |title=Jamie Foxx, Season 11, Episode 1104 |url=http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202235015/http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-date=February 2, 2007 |website=[[Inside the Actors Studio]]}}</ref> Ba shi da wata hulɗa da iyayensa na haihuwa, waɗanda ba su da wani ɓangare na renonsa. An haife shi a cikin baƙar fata na Terrell, wanda a lokacin al'umma ce mai wariyar launin fata.<ref name="Times Online" /> Sau da yawa ya yarda da tasirin kakarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan dalilan nasararsa.<ref name="actors" />
Foxx ya fara wasa da piano lokacin da yake dan shekara biyar. Yana da tsananin ilimin Baptist <ref name="actors">{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2004 |title=Jamie Foxx, Season 11, Episode 1104 |url=http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202235015/http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-date=February 2, 2007 |website=[[Inside the Actors Studio]]}}</ref> kuma a matsayin matashi ya kasance dan wasan piano na ɗan lokaci kuma shugaban mawaƙa a cikin Cocin Baptist na Terrell. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 11, 2005 |title=Marking the First Anniversary of TV One, Triple Golden Globe Nominee Jamie Foxx is Catherine Hughes' Special Guest on 'TV One on One' January 17 |url=http://www.exodusnews.com/entertainment/Entertain109.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210043621/http://www.exodusnews.com/entertainment/Entertain109.htm |archive-date=February 10, 2005 |access-date=February 23, 2009}}</ref> Kwarewarsa ta halitta don yin ba'a ta riga ta kasance a cikin shaida a matsayin aji na uku, lokacin da malaminsa ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin lada: idan ajin ya nuna kyau, Foxx zai gaya musu ba'a. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Terrell, inda ya sami maki na farko kuma ya buga wasan [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] da kwallon kafa (a matsayin mai tsaron gida). Muradinsa shine ya buga wa Dallas Cowboys, kuma shi ne dan wasa na farko a tarihin makarantar da ya wuce fiye da 1,000 yadudduka. <ref name="Times Online" /> Ya kuma raira waƙa a cikin ƙungiyar da ake kira Leather and Lace . <ref name="Times Online" /> Bayan makarantar sakandare, Foxx ya sami tallafin karatu a Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka, inda ya yi karatun kiɗa da zane-zane. <ref name="Times Online" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Janice |date=August 5, 2004 |title=5 Reasons You Gotta Know ... Jamie Foxx |url=https://people.com/human-interest/5-reasons-you-gotta-know-jamie-foxx/ |access-date=January 4, 2009 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref>
== Ayyuka ==
=== 1989-2003: Tsaya, sitcom, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na farko ===
Foxx ya fara yin ba'a a wani kulob din wasan kwaikwayo na bude mic a shekarar 1989, bayan ya yarda da ƙarfin gwiwar budurwa. Lokacin da ya gano cewa ana kiran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo mata da farko don yin wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya zaɓi sunan Jamie Foxx, wanda ya ji yana da isasshen rashin tabbas don hana duk wani son zuciya, tare da sunansa ya zama haraji ga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na baki Redd Foxx. Foxx ya shiga aikin In Living Color a shekarar 1991, inda halin da yake da shi Wanda ya raba sunan tare da abokin Redd kuma abokin aiki, LaWanda Page . Bayan rawar da ya taka akai-akai a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Roc, Foxx ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin kansa sitcom The Jamie Foxx Show, daga 1996 zuwa 2001, wanda shi ma ya kirkiro kuma ya samar ta hanyar kamfaninsa Foxx Hole Productions kuma an watsa shi a kan hanyar sadarwar WB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamie Foxx Biography |url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/person/21681/personmain.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041126201556/http://www.mtv.com/movies/person/21681/personmain.jhtml |archive-date=November 26, 2004 |access-date=February 23, 2009 |website=MTV}}</ref>
Foxx zai kuma nuna [./<i id=]Ray_Charles" id="mw4A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles a cikin fim din Ray (2004), wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Actor <ref name="actors">{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2004 |title=Jamie Foxx, Season 11, Episode 1104 |url=http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202235015/http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-date=February 2, 2007 |website=[[Inside the Actors Studio]]}}</ref> da kuma lambar yabo ta BAFTA don Mafi kyawun Actress a Matsayin Jagora. Foxx shine namiji na uku a tarihi (''Bayani'' Barry Fitzgerald da Al Pacino) don karɓar gabatarwa biyu na Oscar a cikin wannan shekarar don fina-finai biyu daban-daban, Collateral da ''Ray'' . A shekara ta 2005, an gayyaci Foxx don shiga Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 24, 2005 |title=Academy Invites 112 to Membership. |url=http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2005/05.06.24.html |publisher=Oscars.org}}</ref>
Foxx ta farko guda daga cikin kundin, taken waƙa "Unpredictable" (tare da Ludacris), ya kai kololuwa a cikin <nowiki><i id="mwAQk">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 Top 10 singles kuma ya sanya UK Top 20 singles chart; waƙoƙin samfurori "Wildflower" ta New Birth. Na biyu na Amurka daga cikin kundin shine "DJ Play a Love Song," wanda ya sake haɗawa da Foxx tare da Twista. A Burtaniya, na biyu shi ne "Extravaganza", wanda ya ga Foxx ya sake yin aiki tare da [[Kanye West]], kodayake Foxx bai fito a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar ba.
A 2006 BET Awards, Foxx ya lashe kyautar Duet / Haɗin gwiwa tare da [[Kanye West]] don "Gold Digger" kuma ya ɗaure tare da Mary J. Blige ta "Be Without You" don Bidiyo na Shekara. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, 2006, Foxx ta sami gabatarwa hudu na Grammy Award, wanda ya hada da Mafi kyawun R & B Performance ta Duo ko Group tare da Vocals for Love Changes featuring Mary J. Blige, Mafi kyawun R&amp;B Album don Unpredictable, Mafi kyawun Rap Performance ta hanyar Duo ko rukuni don ''Georgia'' ta Ludacris & Field Mob featuring Jamie Foxx, da Mafi kyawun Rap / Song Haɗin gwiwa don Unpredical featuring Ludacry.
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, wata mace ta kai Foxx karar da ta zarge shi da cin zarafin ta a shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosenbloom |first=Alli |date=2023-11-23 |title=Jamie Foxx accused of sexual assault in new lawsuit |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/22/entertainment/jamie-foxx-sexual-assault-lawsuit/index.html |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> Fox ya musanta laifin da ake zargi.
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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'''Eric Marlon Bishop''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan December, shekarata alif 1967),<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2021 |title=Famous birthdays for Dec. 13: Steve Buscemi, Jamie Foxx |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2021/12/13/Famous-birthdays-for-Dec-13-Steve-Buscemi-Jamie-Foxx/7841639324644/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220131222750/https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2021/12/13/Famous-birthdays-for-Dec-13-Steve-Buscemi-Jamie-Foxx/7841639324644/ |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |website=[[United Press International]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boucher |first=Ashley |date=May 30, 2017 |title=The Internet Just Realized Jamie Foxx Isn't His Real Name |url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-internet-just-realized-jamie-foxx-isnt-his-real-name/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220131223857/https://www.thewrap.com/the-internet-just-realized-jamie-foxx-isnt-his-real-name/ |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> Wanda akafi Sani da Sana'ar '''Jamie Foxx''', dan wasan kwaikwayone na amurka, Dan wasan bar kwanci,kuma mawaki ne.ya samu ci gaban sana'arsa a matsayinsa na fitaccen dan wasa a wasan kwaikwayo na sketch commedy ''In Living Color'' daga shekarar 1991 zuwa shekarata 1994. Bayan wannan nasarar, an bashi nasasitcom, ''The Jamie Foxx Show'', A cikin abin da yayi tauraro, hade da kuma samar daga 1996 zuwa 2001.
Foxx ya sami yabo saboda hotonsa na [./<i id=]Ray_Charles" id="mwIg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles a fim din Ray (2004), inda ya lashe Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Actor . A wannan shekarar, an zabe shi don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako don rawar da ya taka a fim din aikata laifuka Collateral . Ya ''Rai'' cigaba da shahara saboda rawar daya taka a fim din ''Ali'' (2001), ''Jarhead'' (2005), Dreamgirls (2006), ''Miami Vice'' (2006), Horrible Bosses (2011), ''Django Unchained'' (2012), ''Annie'' (2014), Baby Driver (2017), da Soul (2020). Ya kuma buga Electro acikin The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014) da Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021) da Walter McMillian a cikin Just Mercy (2019).
Foxx kuma ya fara aiki mai nasara a matsayin mawaƙin R & B a cikin 2000s. Ya sami lambar guda biyu a kan <nowiki><i id="mwRg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100, tare da fasalulluka a kan waƙoƙin "Slow Jamz" na Twista tare da [[Kanye West]], da kuma "Gold Digger" na tsohon. Ɗaya daga cikin sa "Blame It" ya lashe kyautar Grammy don Mafi kyawun R & B Performance ta Duo ko Group tare da Vocals. Hudu daga cikin kundin studio guda biyar sun kasance a cikin manyan goma na <nowiki><i id="mwTg">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 na Amurka: Unpredictable (2005), wanda ya hau kan ginshiƙi, Intuition (2008), Best Night of My Life (2010), da Hollywood: A Story of a Dozen Roses (2015). Tun daga shekara ta 2017, [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] ya yi aiki a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin kuma babban furodusa na wasan kwaikwayo na Fox Beat Shazam . A cikin 2021, ya rubuta tarihin kansa Act Like You Got Some Sense .
An haife shi a Terrell, Texas, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamie Foxx |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jamie-foxx/3030173104/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220131224521/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jamie-foxx/3030173104/ |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |website=[[TV Guide]]}}</ref> Foxx ɗan Darrell Bishop ne (wanda aka sake masa suna Shahid Abdula bayan juyowa zuwa Islama), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts |url=http://www.jamie-foxx.us/jamie/facts/ |access-date=January 20, 2016 |website=jamie-foxx.us}}</ref> wanda wani lokacin yake aiki a matsayin mai sayar da kayayyaki, da Louise Annette Talley Dixon . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwarsa, iyayen mahaifiyarsa, Esther Marie (née Nelson), ma'aikaciyar gida da mai kula da yara, da Mark Talley, ma'aikacin yadi ne suka karbe Foxx kuma suka yi renonsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oscar's Golden Foxx (washingtonpost.com) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A58372-2005Feb27.html |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref><ref name="actors">{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2004 |title=Jamie Foxx, Season 11, Episode 1104 |url=http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202235015/http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-date=February 2, 2007 |website=[[Inside the Actors Studio]]}}</ref> Ba shi da wata hulɗa da iyayensa na haihuwa, waɗanda ba su da wani ɓangare na renonsa. An haife shi a cikin baƙar fata na Terrell, wanda a lokacin al'umma ce mai wariyar launin fata.<ref name="Times Online" /> Sau da yawa ya yarda da tasirin kakarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan dalilan nasararsa.<ref name="actors" />
Foxx ya fara wasa da piano lokacin da yake dan shekara biyar. Yana da tsananin ilimin Baptist <ref name="actors">{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2004 |title=Jamie Foxx, Season 11, Episode 1104 |url=http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202235015/http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-date=February 2, 2007 |website=[[Inside the Actors Studio]]}}</ref> kuma a matsayin matashi ya kasance dan wasan piano na ɗan lokaci kuma shugaban mawaƙa a cikin Cocin Baptist na Terrell. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 11, 2005 |title=Marking the First Anniversary of TV One, Triple Golden Globe Nominee Jamie Foxx is Catherine Hughes' Special Guest on 'TV One on One' January 17 |url=http://www.exodusnews.com/entertainment/Entertain109.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210043621/http://www.exodusnews.com/entertainment/Entertain109.htm |archive-date=February 10, 2005 |access-date=February 23, 2009}}</ref> Kwarewarsa ta halitta don yin ba'a ta riga ta kasance a cikin shaida a matsayin aji na uku, lokacin da malaminsa ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin lada: idan ajin ya nuna kyau, Foxx zai gaya musu ba'a. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Terrell, inda ya sami maki na farko kuma ya buga wasan [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] da kwallon kafa (a matsayin mai tsaron gida). Muradinsa shine ya buga wa Dallas Cowboys, kuma shi ne dan wasa na farko a tarihin makarantar da ya wuce fiye da 1,000 yadudduka. <ref name="Times Online" /> Ya kuma raira waƙa a cikin ƙungiyar da ake kira Leather and Lace . <ref name="Times Online" /> Bayan makarantar sakandare, Foxx ya sami tallafin karatu a Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka, inda ya yi karatun kiɗa da zane-zane. <ref name="Times Online" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Janice |date=August 5, 2004 |title=5 Reasons You Gotta Know ... Jamie Foxx |url=https://people.com/human-interest/5-reasons-you-gotta-know-jamie-foxx/ |access-date=January 4, 2009 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref>
== Ayyuka ==
=== 1989-2003: Tsaya, sitcom, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na farko ===
Foxx ya fara yin ba'a a wani kulob din wasan kwaikwayo na bude mic a shekarar 1989, bayan ya yarda da ƙarfin gwiwar budurwa. Lokacin da ya gano cewa ana kiran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo mata da farko don yin wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya zaɓi sunan Jamie Foxx, wanda ya ji yana da isasshen rashin tabbas don hana duk wani son zuciya, tare da sunansa ya zama haraji ga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na baki Redd Foxx. Foxx ya shiga aikin In Living Color a shekarar 1991, inda halin da yake da shi Wanda ya raba sunan tare da abokin Redd kuma abokin aiki, LaWanda Page . Bayan rawar da ya taka akai-akai a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Roc, Foxx ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin kansa sitcom The Jamie Foxx Show, daga 1996 zuwa 2001, wanda shi ma ya kirkiro kuma ya samar ta hanyar kamfaninsa Foxx Hole Productions kuma an watsa shi a kan hanyar sadarwar WB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamie Foxx Biography |url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/person/21681/personmain.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041126201556/http://www.mtv.com/movies/person/21681/personmain.jhtml |archive-date=November 26, 2004 |access-date=February 23, 2009 |website=MTV}}</ref>
Foxx zai kuma nuna [./<i id=]Ray_Charles" id="mw4A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles a cikin fim din Ray (2004), wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Actor <ref name="actors">{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2004 |title=Jamie Foxx, Season 11, Episode 1104 |url=http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202235015/http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Jamie_Foxx |archive-date=February 2, 2007 |website=[[Inside the Actors Studio]]}}</ref> da kuma lambar yabo ta BAFTA don Mafi kyawun Actress a Matsayin Jagora. Foxx shine namiji na uku a tarihi (''Bayani'' Barry Fitzgerald da Al Pacino) don karɓar gabatarwa biyu na Oscar a cikin wannan shekarar don fina-finai biyu daban-daban, Collateral da ''Ray'' . A shekara ta 2005, an gayyaci Foxx don shiga Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 24, 2005 |title=Academy Invites 112 to Membership. |url=http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2005/05.06.24.html |publisher=Oscars.org}}</ref>
Foxx ta farko guda daga cikin kundin, taken waƙa "Unpredictable" (tare da Ludacris), ya kai kololuwa a cikin <nowiki><i id="mwAQk">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 Top 10 singles kuma ya sanya UK Top 20 singles chart; waƙoƙin samfurori "Wildflower" ta New Birth. Na biyu na Amurka daga cikin kundin shine "DJ Play a Love Song," wanda ya sake haɗawa da Foxx tare da Twista. A Burtaniya, na biyu shi ne "Extravaganza", wanda ya ga Foxx ya sake yin aiki tare da [[Kanye West]], kodayake Foxx bai fito a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar ba.
A 2006 BET Awards, Foxx ya lashe kyautar Duet / Haɗin gwiwa tare da [[Kanye West]] don "Gold Digger" kuma ya ɗaure tare da Mary J. Blige ta "Be Without You" don Bidiyo na Shekara. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, 2006, Foxx ta sami gabatarwa hudu na Grammy Award, wanda ya hada da Mafi kyawun R & B Performance ta Duo ko Group tare da Vocals for Love Changes featuring Mary J. Blige, Mafi kyawun R&amp;B Album don Unpredictable, Mafi kyawun Rap Performance ta hanyar Duo ko rukuni don ''Georgia'' ta Ludacris & Field Mob featuring Jamie Foxx, da Mafi kyawun Rap / Song Haɗin gwiwa don Unpredical featuring Ludacry.
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, wata mace ta kai Foxx karar da ta zarge shi da cin zarafin ta a shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosenbloom |first=Alli |date=2023-11-23 |title=Jamie Foxx accused of sexual assault in new lawsuit |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/22/entertainment/jamie-foxx-sexual-assault-lawsuit/index.html |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> Fox ya musanta laifin da ake zargi.
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
821wc0y14rqmjnlqqd907ow6sdedlx3
Ricci Greenwood
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259169419|Ricci Greenwood]]"
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'''Ricci Greenwood''' ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Amurka mai ritaya wanda ya taka leda a Major League Soccer, USISL da National Professional Soccer League .
Greenwood ya girma a jihar Washington. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Federal Way inda ya kasance dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Jiha da Duk ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando. Bayan makarantar sakandare, ya ɗauki darasi, amma bai buga ƙwallon ƙafa ba, a Highline Community College . Koyaya, ya ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da FC Heat wanda ya lashe gasar zakarun U-19 na Jihar Washington. A 1992, ya shiga Jami'ar Seattle Pacific . Ya kasance ƙungiyar farko ta 1995 Duk Amurkawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1995 All Americans |url=http://www.nscaa.com/awards-detail.php?it=II&yr=1995 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714203805/http://www.nscaa.com/awards-detail.php?it=II&yr=1995 |archive-date=2011-07-14 |access-date=2008-11-17}}</ref> A cikin Maris 1996, Columbus Crew ya zaɓi Greenwood a zagaye na biyu (20th gabaɗaya) a cikin Tsarin Kwalejin MLS na 1996 . Ya shafe shekaru 14 yana rike da tarihin kungiyar na tsawon lokaci a filin wasa tare da mintuna bakwai kafin a sake shi. Duk da haka, wannan rikodin ya karya a watan Yuni 2010 ta Sergio Herrera wanda ya buga minti 1 kawai a lokacinsa tare da Crew. Wataƙila ya shafe wasu lokutan a kan aro zuwa Ohio Xoggz na USISL a lokacin kakar.
Ya sanya hannu tare da Masu mamaye Columbus na National Professional Soccer League don lokacin 1996 – 97. A cikin Fabrairu 1997, Kansas City Wizards sun ɗauke shi a zagaye na biyu (17th gaba ɗaya) na 1997 MLS Supplement Draft, amma ba su taɓa sanya hannu ba. Sannan ya ciyar da lokacin 1997 tare da El Paso Patriots . A cikin 1998, ya buga wa Hampton Roads Mariners na USISL wasa. Daga 1999-2001 ya buga wasa 1. FC Nürnberg a Jamus.
Greenwood yanzu wakili ne na ƙwallon ƙafa tare da [http://www.3-starsports.com/ 3 Star Sports & Gudanar da Nishaɗi] .
Greenwood ya kasance yana riƙe da bambance-bambancen samun mafi ƙarancin lokaci akan filin a cikin tarihin Crew a cikin mintuna 7 kawai. Sergio Herrera yanzu yana riƙe da alamar ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani tare da buga minti ɗaya, yana zuwa a cikin 2010.
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]]
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'''Ricci Greenwood''' ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Amurka mai ritaya wanda ya taka leda a Major League Soccer, USISL da National Professional Soccer League .
Greenwood ya girma a jihar Washington. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Federal Way inda ya kasance dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Jiha da Duk ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando. Bayan makarantar sakandare, ya ɗauki darasi, amma bai buga ƙwallon ƙafa ba, a Highline Community College . Koyaya, ya ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da FC Heat wanda ya lashe gasar zakarun U-19 na Jihar Washington. A 1992, ya shiga Jami'ar Seattle Pacific . Ya kasance ƙungiyar farko ta 1995 Duk Amurkawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1995 All Americans |url=http://www.nscaa.com/awards-detail.php?it=II&yr=1995 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714203805/http://www.nscaa.com/awards-detail.php?it=II&yr=1995 |archive-date=2011-07-14 |access-date=2008-11-17}}</ref> A cikin Maris 1996, Columbus Crew ya zaɓi Greenwood a zagaye na biyu (20th gabaɗaya) a cikin Tsarin Kwalejin MLS na 1996 . Ya shafe shekaru 14 yana rike da tarihin kungiyar na tsawon lokaci a filin wasa tare da mintuna bakwai kafin a sake shi. Duk da haka, wannan rikodin ya karya a watan Yuni 2010 ta Sergio Herrera wanda ya buga minti 1 kawai a lokacinsa tare da Crew. Wataƙila ya shafe wasu lokutan a kan aro zuwa Ohio Xoggz na USISL a lokacin kakar.
Ya sanya hannu tare da Masu mamaye Columbus na National Professional Soccer League don lokacin 1996 – 97. A cikin Fabrairu 1997, Kansas City Wizards sun ɗauke shi a zagaye na biyu (17th gaba ɗaya) na 1997 MLS Supplement Draft, amma ba su taɓa sanya hannu ba. Sannan ya ciyar da lokacin 1997 tare da El Paso Patriots . A cikin 1998, ya buga wa Hampton Roads Mariners na USISL wasa. Daga 1999-2001 ya buga wasa 1. FC Nürnberg a Jamus.
Greenwood yanzu wakili ne na ƙwallon ƙafa tare da [http://www.3-starsports.com/ 3 Star Sports & Gudanar da Nishaɗi] .
Greenwood ya kasance yana riƙe da bambance-bambancen samun mafi ƙarancin lokaci akan filin a cikin tarihin Crew a cikin mintuna 7 kawai. Sergio Herrera yanzu yana riƙe da alamar ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani tare da buga minti ɗaya, yana zuwa a cikin 2010.
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]]
hl0orqtcfclh7oum6zddormffhidnu2
Coleman Barks
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1253347839|Coleman Barks]]"
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[[Fayil:Coleman_Barks_reading.jpg|thumb|240x240px| Barks yana karatu a bikin Silence, Esvika, Asker, Norway, Yuni 25, 2011]]
'''Coleman Barks''' (an haife shi Afrilu 23, 1937) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne kuma tsohon memba na adabi a Jami'ar Georgia . Ko da yake ba ya magana kuma ba ya karanta [[Farisawa|Farisa]], shi mashahurin mai fassarar [[Rumi]] ne, yana sake rubuta waƙoƙin bisa wasu fassarorin [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] . <ref name=":1" />
== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Barks ɗan asalin Chattanooga, Tennessee ne. Ya halarci Makarantar Baylor, sannan Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill da Jami'ar California, Berkeley . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Coleman Barks |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/coleman-barks-b-1937/ |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=New Georgia Encyclopedia |language=en-US}}</ref>
Barks dalibin Sufi Shaykh [[Bawa Muhaiyaddeen]] .
== Sana'a ==
Barks ya koyar da adabi a Jami'ar Jojiya tsawon shekaru talatin.
Barks yana fitowa sau da yawa a duniya kuma sananne ne a duk [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] . Ayyukan Barks sun ba da gudummawa ga ƙwaƙƙwaran bin Rumi a cikin duniyar masu magana da Ingilishi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holgate |first=Steve |title=Persian Poet Conquers America |url=http://usembassy.state.gov/posts/in1/wwwhspmayjune9.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622114625/http://usembassy.state.gov/posts/in1/wwwhspmayjune9.html |archive-date=2007-06-22 |website=usembassy.state.gov}}</ref> Saboda aikinsa, ra'ayoyin [[Sufiyya|Sufanci]] sun ketare iyakokin al'adu da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Barks ya sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Tehran a shekara ta 2006.
Har ila yau, ya karanta [[Waƙa|waƙarsa]] ta asali a bikin Geraldine R. Dodge Poetry . A cikin Maris 2009, an shigar da Barks a cikin Hall of Fame na Marubuta Jojiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hall of Fame Honorees: Coleman Barks |url=https://georgiawritershalloffame.org/honorees/coleman-barks |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=Georgia Writers Hall of Fame |publisher=University of Georgia}}</ref>
=== Tafsirin Rumi ===
Barks ya wallafa litattafai da yawa na fassarar waƙar Rumi tun 1976, ciki har da ''The Hand of Poetry, Five Mystic Poets na Farisa'' a 1993, ''The Essential Rumi'' a 1995, ''Littafin Soyayya'' a 2003 da ''Shekara tare da Rumi'' a 2006.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
=== Rigingimu ===
An soki Barks da cire nassoshi na Musulunci daga cikin wakokin Rumi.
=== Wakar asali ===
Barks ya wallafa litattafai da yawa na waƙar kansa, ciki har da ''Gourd Seed'', "Saurin tsufa a nan", ''Tentmaking'', da kuma, a cikin 2001, ''Jikokin Waƙoƙi'', tarin waƙarsa game da jikokinsa, Briny Barks, tare da misalai na Briny. Harper ya wallafa littafinsa na farko na waƙa, ''The Juice'', a cikin 1972. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Coleman Barks |url=https://lannan.org/bios/coleman-barks |access-date=October 25, 2024 |website=Lannan Foundation}}</ref>
== Hotuna ==
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
=== Sauran kiredit ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
! scope="col" |Shekara
! scope="col" | Waka
! scope="col" | Mawaƙi
! scope="col" | Album
! scope="col" | Matsayi
|-
| 2015
| "Kaleidoscope"
| Coldplay
| ''Shugaban Cike Da Mafarki''
| Vocals (Fassarar [[Rumi]] 's "The Guest House"
|-
| 2022
| "A Ketare Tekun"
| Mamak Khadem
| ''Tunawa''
| Vocals (fassarar Rumi)
|}
== Duba kuma ==
* Wakar Farisa
== Magana ==
{{Reflist}}
== Kara karantawa ==
* Audio interview with Coleman Barks and Andrew Harvey, by Mary Hynes of ''Tapestry''.
*
*
== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
* {{Official website|https://www.colemanbarks.com/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070424210543/http://www.guernicamag.com/poetry/288/four_new_translations_of_rumi/ Four new translations of Rumi by Barks]
* [https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-erasure-of-islam-from-the-poetry-of-rumi The Erasure of Islam from the Poetry of Rumi]
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]]
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[[Fayil:Coleman_Barks_reading.jpg|thumb|240x240px| Barks yana karatu a bikin Silence, Esvika, Asker, Norway, Yuni 25, 2011]]
'''Coleman Barks''' (an haife shi Afrilu 23, 1937) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne kuma tsohon memba na adabi a Jami'ar Georgia . Ko da yake ba ya magana kuma ba ya karanta [[Farisawa|Farisa]], shi mashahurin mai fassarar [[Rumi]] ne, yana sake rubuta waƙoƙin bisa wasu fassarorin [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] . <ref name=":1" />
== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Barks ɗan asalin Chattanooga, Tennessee ne. Ya halarci Makarantar Baylor, sannan Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill da Jami'ar California, Berkeley . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Coleman Barks |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/coleman-barks-b-1937/ |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=New Georgia Encyclopedia |language=en-US}}</ref>
Barks dalibin Sufi Shaykh [[Bawa Muhaiyaddeen]] .
== Sana'a ==
Barks ya koyar da adabi a Jami'ar Jojiya tsawon shekaru talatin.
Barks yana fitowa sau da yawa a duniya kuma sananne ne a duk [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] . Ayyukan Barks sun ba da gudummawa ga ƙwaƙƙwaran bin Rumi a cikin duniyar masu magana da Ingilishi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holgate |first=Steve |title=Persian Poet Conquers America |url=http://usembassy.state.gov/posts/in1/wwwhspmayjune9.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622114625/http://usembassy.state.gov/posts/in1/wwwhspmayjune9.html |archive-date=2007-06-22 |website=usembassy.state.gov}}</ref> Saboda aikinsa, ra'ayoyin [[Sufiyya|Sufanci]] sun ketare iyakokin al'adu da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Barks ya sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Tehran a shekara ta 2006.
Har ila yau, ya karanta [[Waƙa|waƙarsa]] ta asali a bikin Geraldine R. Dodge Poetry . A cikin Maris 2009, an shigar da Barks a cikin Hall of Fame na Marubuta Jojiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hall of Fame Honorees: Coleman Barks |url=https://georgiawritershalloffame.org/honorees/coleman-barks |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=Georgia Writers Hall of Fame |publisher=University of Georgia}}</ref>
=== Tafsirin Rumi ===
Barks ya wallafa litattafai da yawa na fassarar waƙar Rumi tun 1976, ciki har da ''The Hand of Poetry, Five Mystic Poets na Farisa'' a 1993, ''The Essential Rumi'' a 1995, ''Littafin Soyayya'' a 2003 da ''Shekara tare da Rumi'' a 2006.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
=== Rigingimu ===
An soki Barks da cire nassoshi na Musulunci daga cikin wakokin Rumi.
=== Wakar asali ===
Barks ya wallafa litattafai da yawa na waƙar kansa, ciki har da ''Gourd Seed'', "Saurin tsufa a nan", ''Tentmaking'', da kuma, a cikin 2001, ''Jikokin Waƙoƙi'', tarin waƙarsa game da jikokinsa, Briny Barks, tare da misalai na Briny. Harper ya wallafa littafinsa na farko na waƙa, ''The Juice'', a cikin 1972. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Coleman Barks |url=https://lannan.org/bios/coleman-barks |access-date=October 25, 2024 |website=Lannan Foundation}}</ref>
== Hotuna ==
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
=== Sauran kiredit ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
! scope="col" |Shekara
! scope="col" | Waka
! scope="col" | Mawaƙi
! scope="col" | Album
! scope="col" | Matsayi
|-
| 2015
| "Kaleidoscope"
| Coldplay
| ''Shugaban Cike Da Mafarki''
| Vocals (Fassarar [[Rumi]] 's "The Guest House"
|-
| 2022
| "A Ketare Tekun"
| Mamak Khadem
| ''Tunawa''
| Vocals (fassarar Rumi)
|}
== Duba kuma ==
* Wakar Farisa
== Magana ==
{{Reflist}}
== Kara karantawa ==
* Audio interview with Coleman Barks and Andrew Harvey, by Mary Hynes of ''Tapestry''.
*
*
== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
* {{Official website|https://www.colemanbarks.com/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070424210543/http://www.guernicamag.com/poetry/288/four_new_translations_of_rumi/ Four new translations of Rumi by Barks]
* [https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-erasure-of-islam-from-the-poetry-of-rumi The Erasure of Islam from the Poetry of Rumi]
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]]
ijwvq0poedbrtbzzb41suxna63n0qs6
Magtymguly Pyragy
0
89347
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1258769865|Magtymguly Pyragy]]"
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'''Magtymguly Pyragy''' ( Persian </link> ''Makhdumqoli {{Efn|Also romanized as ''Makhdūm Qulī''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Cambridge History of Islam|volume=2|page=478|bibcode=1971GeogJ.137..413F|last1=Fox|first1=William C.|last2=Holt|first2=P. M.|last3=Lambton|first3=A.|last4=Lewis|first4=B.|journal=The Geographical Journal|date=1971|issue=3|doi=10.2307/1797299|jstor=1797299}}</ref>}} Farāghi'' ; Turkmen </link> ; </link> ; {{Circa|1724 – 1807)}}, haifaffen '''Magtymguly''', shugaban ruhaniya ne na Iran-Turkmen <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-02 |title=Divan of Iranian-Turkmen poet Magtymguly Pyragy rendered into Persian |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/459358/Divan-of-Iranian-Turkmen-poet-Magtymguly-Pyragy-rendered-into |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=Tehran Times |language=en}}</ref>, mawaƙin falsafa, [[Sufiyya|Sufi]] kuma matafiyi, wanda ake ɗaukarsa mafi shahara a tarihin adabin Turkmen.
Magtymguly shine babban wakilin wallafe-wallafen Turkmen, wanda aka ba da shi tare da ƙirƙirar wallafe-wallafen Turkmen, wanda nau'in wallafe-wallafensa ya zama alama mai ƙarfi na tarihi da wayewar al'ummar Turkmen. Yana daga cikin wani lokaci na musamman a tarihin al'adun [[Tsakiyar Asiya|Asiya ta Tsakiya]], tare da hazakarsa na musamman da ke bayyana hidimomin wakokinsa na musamman ga tsarar mawaƙa na yankin na gaba. {{Sfn|Gross|1992}} An fassara wakokin mawaƙin Turkmen zuwa harsuna da yawa na duniya, ciki har da Ingilishi, Rashanci, <ref name="turkmenistan.gov.tm" /> Kyrgyz, Romanian.
A cikin yanayi mai faɗi, ana sanya Magtymguly sau da yawa tare da manyan mutane na adabin Turkawa kamar Hoja Ahmad Yasawi, Yunus Emre, Ali-Shir Nava'i da Fizuli .
== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
=== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ===
An haifi Magtymguly a Haji Qushan, wani ƙauye kusa da birnin Gonbad-e Qabus a lardin Golestan na zamani, Iran, tsaunukan arewa waɗanda aka fi sani da Turkmen Sahra (Turkmen steppes). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dašt-e Gorgān |url=https://doi.iranicaonline.com/articles/gorgan-ii |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |quote=Another traditional name for this region is Torkaman Ṣaḥrā, characterizing at the same time the specific and dominant composition of its population.}}</ref> Ya kasance wani ɓangare na faffadan daular [[Daular Safawiyya|Safawad]] a farkon rabin karni na 18.
Sunan Magtymguly, wanda ke nuna "bawan Magtym," ya samo asali ne daga ɗaya daga cikin zuriyar da ake girmamawa a cikin al'ummar Turkmen. Baya ga sunansa, mawaƙin ya ɗauki suna ko makhlas na musamman, “Feraghi,” a cikin ayyukansa na adabi. Ya zo daga [[Larabci]] kuma yana nufin "wanda ya rabu da" farin ciki, ko tarayya da masoyinsa. {{Sfn|Gross|1992}}
Mahaifin Magtymguly shine {{Lang|tk|[[Döwletmämmet Azady]]}}</link> , shi kansa mawaki mai ilimi. {{Sfn|Gross|1992}} Mahaifinsa kuma malami ne na gari kuma [[mullah]], kuma mutanensa suna girmama shi sosai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ekber |first=Kadir |date=1999 |title=Mahtumkulu |journal=Turkic World Studies |language=Turkish |location=Wisconsin University |publisher=Aegean University |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=278}}</ref>
[[Fayil:رودخانه_اترک_و_روستای_عشق_آباد.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Atrek River, Golestan, yankin da Magtymguly aka haife shi kuma ya rayu mafi yawan rayuwarsa]]
Magtymguly ya sami ilimin farko a harsunan Turkmen, Farisa da Larabci daga mahaifinsa. {{Sfn|Gudar|2016}} Ya kuma koyi sana’o’in kakanni irin su sana’ar ji da kuma, a cewar wasu majiyoyi, kayan ado. <ref name="Kahraman">{{Cite web |last=Kahraman |first=Alim |title=Mahtumkulu |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mahtumkulu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126183407/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mahtumkulu |archive-date=26 January 2024 |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=Encyclopedia of Islam |language=Turkish}}</ref>
Magtymguly ya ci gaba da karatunsa a makarantu daban-daban (makarantar ilimi ta addini), ciki har da madrassa Idris Baba da ke kauyen {{Lang|tk|Gyzyl Aýak}}</link> , {{Lang|tk|Gögeldaş}}</link> Madrassah in Bukhara and {{Lang|tk|Şirgazy}}</link> madrassa in Khiva . <ref name="Kahraman">{{Cite web |last=Kahraman |first=Alim |title=Mahtumkulu |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mahtumkulu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126183407/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mahtumkulu |archive-date=26 January 2024 |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=Encyclopedia of Islam |language=Turkish}}</ref>
Magtymguly ya ba da mahimman bayanai game da kansa, danginsa da 'ya'yansa a cikin waƙarsa. A cikin wakarsa " {{Lang|tk|Äleme belgilidir}}</link> Magtymguly ya ce: "Ku gaya wa waɗanda suka yi tambaya game da ni cewa ni Gerkez ne, na fito daga Etrek kuma sunana Magtymguly", yana bayyana mahaifarsa a matsayin bankunan Kogin Etrek kuma ya bayyana ainihinsa ta hanyar. kabilarsa {{Sfn|Gudar|2016}}
=== Daga baya rayuwa ===
Magtymguly ya yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa a lokacin rayuwarsa, galibi don faɗaɗa iliminsa, tare da yankunan [[Azerbaijan]] a yau, [[Indiya]], [[Iran]] da [[Uzbekistan]] a cikin ƙasashen da ya ziyarta. {{Sfn|Gudar|2016}}
Ba a san da yawa game da rayuwar dangin Magtymguly ba. Bai iya auren wata mace da yake so daga ƙauyensa, {{Lang|tk|Meňli}} ba</link> , wanda ya sadaukar da dimbin wakokinsa na soyayya. {{Sfn|Gudar|2016}}
Abin da ke biyo baya shine jigon Magtymguly's {{Lang|tk|Aýryldym}}</link> (Rabu) waƙar sadaukarwa ga {{Lang|tk|Meňli}}</link> (a Turkmen na asali da fassarar turanci): {{Sfn|Gudar|2016}}
Magtymguly ya mutu a shekara ta 1807. {{Sfn|Gudar|2016}} Wurin hutunsa yana ƙauyen Aq Taqeh-ye Qadim, a lardin Golestan na ƙasar Iran. A halin yanzu kabarinsa ya kasance wurin da ake gudanar da aikin hajji inda ake gudanar da addu’o’i da “zikiri” na Sufaye daga kabilu daban-daban. {{Sfn|Gross|1992}} {{Sfn|Gudar|2016}}
== Sufanci da sufanci ==
Waqoqin Magtymguly da yawa suna nuna halayen falsafar Sufanci waɗanda ke jaddada wasu koyarwa da ayyuka na [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur'ani]] da [[Sunnah|sunna]], waɗanda ke bayyana manufofin ɗabi'a da na ruhaniya. {{Sfn|Gross|1992}}
Yawancin gazalin Magtymguly, duk da haka, lokacin da aka ɗauke su daga mahallin, da alama suna yin maganganun ƙiyayya game da addini. Duk da haka, Magtymguly bai kamata a kwatanta shi da wani mawaƙin Uzbekistan Mashrab, wanda ya kasance mai adawa da heterodox Sufi kuma aka rataye shi a shekara ta 1712, kuma bai kamata a kwatanta shi da wani mawaƙin Turkmen na Iraqi Nesimi, wanda ya ɗauki ra'ayi na Allahntaka . Antinomian heterodoxy ya bayyana ba shine babban abin da ke faruwa a cikin waƙar Magtymguly ba. Matsayinsa na al'ada, a haƙiƙa, shine tashar Sufi na ''khajrat'' (damuwa). {{Sfn|Gross|1992}}
[[Fayil:Kukeldash_Madrasa_Bukhara_2015-cropped.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Ɗaya daga cikin madrasa guda uku (makarantar ilimi ta addini) inda Magtymguly ya yi karatu - Madrasa Kukeldash, Bukhara ( [[Uzbekistan]] na yanzu)]]
Ayar mai zuwa ita ce kira zuwa ga bin “sunnah”, inda Magtymguly ma ke amfani da ''laqabin'' {{Lang|tk-Latn|Aşyk Pyrak}}</link> (Feraghi-in-love). Lura: Layukan farko na farko su ne ainihin yaren (Turkmen) na waƙar da aka rubuta ta amfani da haruffan Larabci kamar yadda yake a ɗaya daga cikin rubuce-rubucen farko, na gaba kuma a cikin haruffan Turkmen na zamani; An bayar da fassarar Turanci a ƙasa.
: 2
: {{Lang|tk-arab|{{nastaliq|بوينومزدا اوش بو قرضين}}}}
: {{Lang|tk-arab|{{nastaliq|جان چقمان بريب كچلی}}}}
: {{Lang|tk-Latn|Boýnumyzda uşbu karzyn,}}
: {{Lang|tk-Latn|Jan çykman berip geçeli!}}
: Muna da wannan bashi a kafaɗunmu,
: Mu mayar kafin mu tafi!
A cikin waƙar da ke ƙasa, mai suna {{Lang|tk|"Bady-sabany görsem"}}</link> (Ina so in ji Iskar Asuba), duk mutane ukun da Magtymguly ke son gani (an san su) ana ɗaukarsa fitattun mutane a cikin Sufanci, tare da Bahauddin shine wanda ya kafa ɗaya daga cikin manyan umarni Sufi [[Mabiya Sunnah|Sunni]], Naqshbandi .
Magtymguly ya rayu a lokacin da kabilun Turkmen suka rasa matsugunansu daga ƙasarsu ta asali, kuma aka yi musu ganima sakamakon rigingimu da Iran da Khiva akai-akai. Ya ji haushin hakan, ya kuma bayyana ra’ayinsa na tuba a cikin waqoqinsa. <ref name="Kahraman">{{Cite web |last=Kahraman |first=Alim |title=Mahtumkulu |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mahtumkulu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126183407/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mahtumkulu |archive-date=26 January 2024 |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=Encyclopedia of Islam |language=Turkish}}</ref> Lallai Magtymguly ya bayyana rashin amincewar jama'a sosai a cikin wakokinsa, amma tunaninsa na siyasa ya fi karkata ne wajen hada kan kabilun Turkmen da kafa siyasa mai zaman kanta ga Turkmen. {{Sfn|Gross|1992}}
== Waka ==
[[Fayil:10_manat._Türkmenistan,_2009_a.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| 10 Manat banknote na Turkmenistan tare da hoton Magtymguly (2009)]]
Magtymguly ya kasance daya daga cikin mawakan Turkmen na farko da suka gabatar da amfani da na gargajiya Chagatai, harshen kotuna na Khans na tsakiyar Asiya, a matsayin yaren adabi, wanda ya kunshi fasahohin harsuna da dama na Turkmen. Waƙarsa tana misalta yanayin ƙara amfani da harsunan Turkawa maimakon Farisa; ana girmama shi a matsayin wanda ya kafa wakoki, adabi da harshe na Turkmen. Har ila yau, waƙar Magtymguly ta fara fara wani zamani da aka kwatanta da "Golden Age" a cikin adabin Turkmen. Sigar adabinsa ya zama wata alama mai ƙarfi ta tarihi da wayewar al'ummar Turkmen. {{Sfn|Gross|1992}}
Ba kamar mahaifinsa da wani fitaccen mawaƙin Turkmen na zamanin, Andalib, Magtymguly ya yi amfani da sigar strophic, yawanci quatrains (qoshuk) don waƙoƙin sa suna yin su. Galibin wakokinsa suna cikin nau'ikan wakokin Turkmen na jama'a, ''qoshuk'' da ''aydish'', tare da na karshen kasancewa nau'in gasa ta kida galibi ta ƙunshi mawaƙa biyu. {{Sfn|Gross|1992}}
== Gado ==
Magtymguly wani lokaci ne na musamman a tarihin al'adun [[Tsakiyar Asiya|Asiya ta Tsakiya]] ; Hazakarsa ta musamman ta yi hasashe yadda ya tsara wakarsa ta gaba ga tsarar mawakan yankin na gaba. {{Sfn|Gross|1992}}
Ana sanya Magtymguly sau da yawa tare da manyan mutane na duniyar adabin Turkawa kamar Hoja Ahmad Yasawi, Yunus Emre, Ali-Shir Nava'i da Fizuli . {{Sfn|Gudar|2016}}
Kungiyar Al'adun Turkawa ta Duniya ta ayyana shekarar 2024 a matsayin "Shekarar Babban Mawaki kuma Mai Tunanin Dala na Magtymguly na Turkiyya", an kuma hada da ranar tunawa da dala Magtymguly a cikin jerin muhimman ranaku da aka yi tare da [[UNESCO]] a 2024-2025 . Dangane da bikin zagayowar, an amince da wani babban shiri na bukukuwan bukukuwan a Turkmenistan da wasu kasashe, ciki har da [[Uzbekistan]] .
=== Abubuwan tunawa ===
A watan Mayun shekarar 2024, an kaddamar da wani abin tarihi na tunawa da cika shekaru 300 da haihuwar mawaki kuma masanin falsafa Magtymguly Fragi a birnin Ashgabat a gindin tsaunin Kopetdag. Hoton mawaƙin mai tsawon mita 60 yana tsaye a kan tudu mai tsayin mita 20, wanda wani babban bene mai ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwanƙwasa ke kaiwa.
An gina wani abin tunawa ga Magtymguly da aka yi da kankare da dutse na halitta a filin Magtymguly a kan titin Magtymguly a tsakiyar [[Ashgabat]] a cikin 1971. Yana kuma daya daga cikin mutum-mutumi da yawa da ke kewaye da abin tunawa da 'yancin kai a Ashgabat. Mutum-mutumin na nuna mutanen da aka yabo a ''Ruhnama'', jagorar ruhaniya da shugaban kasar Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov ya rubuta .
An shigar da abubuwan tunawa da dala na Magtymguly a biranen tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet . Waɗannan sun haɗa da abin tunawa a [[Astana]], [[Kiev|Kyiv]], Astrakhan (Rasha), bas-relief a Tashkent, <ref>{{Cite web |title=На ул. Махтумкули в Ташкенте открыт барельеф поэта |url=https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2017/05/18/magtymguly-pyragy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824233619/https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2017/05/18/magtymguly-pyragy/ |archive-date=24 August 2018 |access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref> da Khiva, da Iran da [[Ankara]] (Turkiyya).
An bayyana bust na Magtymguly Pyragy a Margarita Rudomino All-Rasha State Library for Foreign Literature in Moscow, Russia a 2024.
=== Toponys ===
* Magtymguly birni ne, da ke a kudu maso yammacin Turkmenistan a lardin Balkan, cibiyar gudanarwa na gundumar Magtymguly. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2004 |title=Turkmenistan Presidential Decree No. 4066 of 4 June 2004 |url=https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/File:2004-06-04-TKM-Pres-Decree-4066-ocr.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501040814/https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/File:2004-06-04-TKM-Pres-Decree-4066-ocr.pdf |archive-date=1 May 2021 |access-date=5 October 2020 |language=tk}}</ref>
* Magtymguly yanki ne a cikin tashar iskar gas da mai a Turkmenistan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2015 |title=На месторождении Махтумкули туркменского сектора Каспия получен новый приток нефти |url=http://www.mineral.ru/News/16337.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603144824/https://www.mineral.ru/News/16337.html |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=8 January 2020 |language=ru}}</ref>
=== Cibiyoyi da kungiyoyi ===
[[Fayil:TM-2014-50manat-Magtymguly-b.png|right|thumb|175x175px| Turkmen tsabar kudin tunawa da ke nuna Magtymguly]]
Sunan masu zuwa bayan Magtymguly:
* Jami'ar Jihar Turkmen <ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkmen State University named after Magtymguly (TSU) |url=https://www.university-directory.eu/Turkmenistan/Turkmen-State-University-named-after-Magtymguly-TSU.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926013611/https://www.university-directory.eu/Turkmenistan/Turkmen-State-University-named-after-Magtymguly-TSU.html |archive-date=26 September 2020 |access-date=2 September 2020 |website=University Directory Worldwide}}</ref>
* Cibiyar Harshe, Adabi da Rubuce-rubucen Magtymguly ta ƙasa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Magtymguly National Institute of Language, Literature and Manuscripts |url=https://science.gov.tm/en/organisations/manuscript_instit/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806133151/http://www.science.gov.tm/en/organisations/manuscript_instit/ |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=Science of Turkmenistan}}</ref>
* Magtymguly Musical and Drama Theatre a Ashgabat.
* Kungiyar matasa ta Turkmenistan <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2019 |title=PRESIDENT GURBANGULY BERDIMUHAMEDOV ATTENDED THE VI CONGRESS OF THE YOUTH ORGANIZATION OF TURKMENISTAN NAMED AFTER MAKHTUMKULI |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/index.php/en/news/1594 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603131712/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/index.php/en/news/1594 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref>
* Laburare a [[Kiev|Kyiv]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2019 |title=Library named after Makhtumkuli in Kyiv hosts creative anniversary evening of the poet |url=https://orient.tm/en/library-named-after-makhtumkuli-in-kiev-hosts-creative-anniversary-evening-of-the-poet}}</ref>
* Municipal jihar general ilimi ma'aikata School mai suna bayan Magtymguly Pyragy a ƙauyen Funtovo-1 ( [[Astrakhan Oblast]] na [[Rasha]] ).
* Makarantar sakandare mai suna Magtymguly Pyragy a cikin ƙungiyar daikhan "Ergesh Sultanov" na gundumar Dusti ( yankin Khatlon na [[Tajikistan]] ).
=== Cinema ===
* ''Makhtumkuli'' (1968, furodusa [[Alti Karliyev]] ) - Hommat Mulluk ya taka rawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alty Karliev (in Russian) |url=https://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/acter/m/sov/31868/works/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311222226/http://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/acter/m/sov/31868/works/ |archive-date=11 March 2018 |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=Kino-teatr}}</ref>
* ''Fragi – Razluchyonnыy haka schastyem'' (1984, m Khodzhakuli Narliev ) - rawar da Annaseid Annamuhammedov ya taka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fragi – Separated by happiness (in Russian) |url=https://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/movie/sov/7577/annot/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009022900/https://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/movie/sov/7577/annot/ |archive-date=9 October 2020 |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=Kino-teatr}}</ref>
=== Aika aikawa ===
[[Fayil:1959_CPA_2364.jpg|thumb| 1959 tambarin gidan waya na USSR]]
* A shekarar 1974, an kirkiro wani rukuni na ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Veli Mukhatov "A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Magtymguly". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Music born with poetry |url=http://turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=7070 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122224650/http://turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=7070 |archive-date=22 November 2016 |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=Turkmenistan |language=Russian}}</ref>
* A cikin 1992, an kafa kyautar Magtymguly International Prize . <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2008 |title=В Туркмении планируют поднять авторитет международной премии им. Махтумкули |url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/23980 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224114325/http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/23980 |archive-date=24 December 2013 |access-date=8 January 2020 |language=ru}}</ref>
* A shekara ta 2013, mawaki [[Mamed Huseynov]] ya rubuta wani wasan opera mai suna "Monologues of Magtymguly Pyragy". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zum 290. Jahrestag von Mahtumkuli Fragi (in German) |url=https://www.turkmenistan-kultur.at/oesterreich422-dichter-mahtumkuli.html |website=Turkmenistan-Kultur}}</ref>
* Daga 2002 zuwa 2008, watan Mayu a Turkmenistan yana da sunan "Magtymguly". <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2008 |title=Turkmen Go Back to Old Calendar |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7365346.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419133759/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7365346.stm |archive-date=19 April 2020 |access-date=30 December 2016 |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>
* A cikin 2014, an kafa lambar yabo ta Magtymguly Pyragy a matsayin lada don manyan nasarori a cikin binciken, yadawa da haɓaka abubuwan ƙirƙira na Magtymguly. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkmenistan Altyn Asyr |url=http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=6060 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701222342/http://turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=6060 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref>
* Wani busasshen kaya na Turkmen mai suna "Magtymguly". <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2013 |title=The tender is for another docking and major repair of the Magtymguly dry-cargo ship of the Department of Trade Fleet of Turkmenistan |url=https://en.trend.az/business/economy/2195182.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603131712/https://en.trend.az/business/economy/2195182.html |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref>
== Duba kuma ==
* Tarihin Turkmenistan
* Adabin Turkmen
* Kidan Turkmen
* Bagi
* [[Sufiyya|Sufanci]]
* Sunan mahaifi ma'anar Azady
* Magtymguly International Prize
== Bayanan kula ==
{{Notelist}}
== Magana ==
{{Reflist}}
== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040726083159/http://www.turkmenstudents.com/En/maghtoum.html Maƙala akan Falsafar Tarbiya ta Magtymguly]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161222084337/http://www.gunesh.org/english/main.htm Maƙala akan rayuwa da ayyukan mawaƙin]
* [http://rumibalkhi.com/category/magtymguly-pyragy-english-translations/ Fassarar Hausa na wakokinsa]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
a77uc7ydcss29hxqe9nc4lvp213v7zd
Georgy Adamovich
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1226478863|Georgy Adamovich]]"
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'''Georgy Viktorovich Adamovich''' ( {{Lang-rus|Гео́ргий Ви́кторович Адамо́вич|p=ɡʲɪˈorɡʲɪj ˈvʲiktərəvʲɪtɕ ɐdɐˈmovʲɪtɕ|a=Georgy_Viktorovich_Adamovich.ru.oga}} </link>
== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Georgy Adamovich a cikin dangin babban jami'in soja Viktor Adamovich, dan kabilar Pole, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban asibitin soja na Moscow tare da matsayi na Major General . <ref name="kostyor">{{Cite web |title=The Biography of G. V. Adamovich |url=http://www.kostyor.ru/biography/?n=53 |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=Russian Silver Age poetry. Vol. 2. / Acmeists. Russian Silver Age Poets. Leningrad University Press, 1991. Vol.II)}}</ref> Georgy ya shafe shekaru tara na farko na rayuwarsa a Moscow. "Mu dangin soja ne; 'yan'uwana biyu jami'an soji ne. Mahaifina ya ce game da ni, idan za a yarda da tarihin iyali: "Wannan yaron ba shi da wani abu kamar jami'insa - bari ya zama farar hula. Kuma haka ya kasance," in ji Adamovich daga baya. <ref name="rulife">{{Cite web |last=Malyshev, A. |year=1965 |title=Summer and Smoke. Georgy Adamovich of the between the Two Revolution Petrograd |url=http://www.rulife.ru/mode/article/271/ |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=www.rulife.ru}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa dangin sun koma Saint Petersburg inda Georgy ya shiga Gymnasium na farko. <ref name="kostyor" /> A 1910 ya zama dalibi a Jami'ar Jihar Saint Petersburg . Ya fara rubuta waƙa a can kuma a cikin 1915 ya zama memba na da'irar Acmeist.
== Sana'a ==
Adamovich na farko ɗan gajeren labari "Merry Horses" (Весёлые кони) an buga shi a cikin 1915 a cikin mujallar ''Voice of Life'', edita ta Dmitry Filosofov da Zinaida Gippius . <ref name="expats" /> By 1917 ya kasance memba (daga baya daya daga cikin shugabannin biyu, tare da Georgy Ivanov ) na Saint Petersburg [[:ru:Цех поэтов|Poet's Workshop]] . Adamovich's farko tarin shayari ''Clouds'' (Облака) ya yaba wa Nikolai Gumilyov don "aji da dandano mai kyau." <ref name="kovcheg">{{Cite web |last=Yermakov, Eduard |year=1991 |title=Georgy Adamovich. Poems (Георгий Адамович. Стихи) |url=http://lib.ru/POEZIQ/ADAMOWICH_G/stihi.txt |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=The Ark. - First Wave of Russian Emigarion Poetry (Ковчег - поэзия первой эмиграции, М., ИПЛ)}}</ref> Littafinsa na biyu na waƙa, ''Purgatory'' (Чистилище, 1922) ya fara da girmamawa ga Gumilyov wanda matashin mawaƙin yanzu ya ɗauka a matsayin jagoransa. <ref name="krugosvet_ad">{{Cite web |title=G.V. Adamovich. |url=http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/kultura_i_obrazovanie/literatura/ADAMOVICH_GEORGI_VIKTOROVICH.html |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=The Krugosvet Online Encyclopedia}}</ref> Gumilyov 'yar'uwar Acmeist Anna Akhmatova akai-akai ziyarci 'yar'uwar Adamovich Tanya a gidansu. Adamovich sau da yawa ya gana da Akhmatova a gidan rawa na Saint Petersburg "The Stray Dog" (Бродячая Собака), wurin da masu fasaha da marubuta za su taru don tattauna fasaha da wallafe-wallafe, zamantakewa, ko sauraron karatun sababbin wakoki na Akhmatova da sauran mawaƙa ciki har da Konstantin. Balmont, Sergei Yesenin, da Igor Severyanin . Adamovich ya sauke karatu daga Faculty of History and Philology a Jami'ar Jihar Saint Petersburg a 1917.
Bayan juyin juya halin 1917 Adamovich ya yi aiki ga gidan wallafe-wallafen ''wallafe-wallafen duniya'' (wanda Maxim Gorky ya kafa a 1919), yana fassara ayyukan Charles Baudelaire, [[Voltaire]], José-Maria de Heredia, Lord Byron da Thomas Moore . A cikin 1921-22 ya halarci tarurrukan adabi da tarurrukan wakoki da aka gudanar a ''The House of Art'' (Дом искусств), tsohon gidan wani hamshakin attajiri Saint Petersburg. A 1923 ya tafi [[Berlin]], sa'an nan ya zauna a Faransa don 'shiga anti-Soviet Circles' (kamar yadda Soviet adabi Encyclopaedia ya lura a 1934). <ref name="hronos">{{Cite web |title=Георгий Адамович |url=http://hrono.ru/biograf/bio_a/adamovich_gv.html |access-date=2011-01-01 |publisher=hrono.ru}}</ref> A nan ba da daɗewa ba ya yi suna a matsayin mai sukar wallafe-wallafen da mawallafi, yana aiki da mujallar ''Zveno'' (The Link) da ''Poslednye Novosty'' (Labaran Bugawa). <ref name="ozon">{{Cite web |title=Георгий Викторович Адамович |url=http://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/269500/ |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=www.ozon.ru}}</ref> A cikin thirties Adamovich aka ko'ina a matsayin 'manyan Rasha adabi a kasashen waje', aiki ga irin mujallu kamar ''Tchiisla'' (Lambobi) da ''Vstrechi'' (Taro), wanda shi ne editan na wani lokaci. Ya kusan daina rubuta waƙar amma duk da haka an lasafta shi a matsayin babban karfi a bayan ''bayanin kula na Paris'' (Парижская Нота), makarantar wakoki na Rasha a gudun hijira da ke riƙe da manyan ka'idodinta "cikakkiyar ikhlasi a cikin nuna baƙin cikin ran ɗan adam" da "nunawa". gaskiya tsirara". Georgy Fedotov ya kira Adamovich, tare da 'neman gaskiya' dabi'unsa, 'mai yawo na ascetic'. <ref name="kostyor">{{Cite web |title=The Biography of G. V. Adamovich |url=http://www.kostyor.ru/biography/?n=53 |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=Russian Silver Age poetry. Vol. 2. / Acmeists. Russian Silver Age Poets. Leningrad University Press, 1991. Vol.II)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.kostyor.ru/biography/?n=53 "The Biography of G. V. Adamovich"]. Russian Silver Age poetry. Vol. 2. / Acmeists. Russian Silver Age Poets. Leningrad University Press, 1991. Vol.II)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> A 1939 Adamovich littafin shayari ''a yamma'' (На Западе) aka buga. Daga baya mawãƙi da wallafe-wallafen Yuri Ivask ya yi amfani da take, wanda a cikin 1953 ya tattara da kuma shirya wani anthology na Rasha hijira shayari (wanda Adamovich aka da wakilta). <ref name="kovcheg">{{Cite web |last=Yermakov, Eduard |year=1991 |title=Georgy Adamovich. Poems (Георгий Адамович. Стихи) |url=http://lib.ru/POEZIQ/ADAMOWICH_G/stihi.txt |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=The Ark. - First Wave of Russian Emigarion Poetry (Ковчег - поэзия первой эмиграции, М., ИПЛ)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFYermakov,_Eduard1991">Yermakov, Eduard (1991). [http://lib.ru/POEZIQ/ADAMOWICH_G/stihi.txt "Georgy Adamovich. Poems (Георгий Адамович. Стихи)"]. The Ark. - First Wave of Russian Emigarion Poetry (Ковчег - поэзия первой эмиграции, М., ИПЛ)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yury Ivask |url=http://www.russianresources.lt/archive/Ivask/Ivask_0.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829151454/http://www.russianresources.lt/archive/Ivask/Ivask_0.html |archive-date=2007-08-29 |access-date=2011-01-01 |publisher=www.russianresources.lt}}</ref>
== Daga baya rayuwa ==
Kaka na 1939 ya ga Adamovich yana yakar Nazi a matsayin mai sa kai a cikin sojojin Faransa. An shiga tsakani ne bayan da sojoji suka sha kashi. <ref name="krugosvet_ad">{{Cite web |title=G.V. Adamovich. |url=http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/kultura_i_obrazovanie/literatura/ADAMOVICH_GEORGI_VIKTOROVICH.html |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=The Krugosvet Online Encyclopedia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/kultura_i_obrazovanie/literatura/ADAMOVICH_GEORGI_VIKTOROVICH.html "G.V. Adamovich"]. The Krugosvet Online Encyclopedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> A cikin marigayi 1940s Adamovich ya shiga cikin gajeren lokaci na 'sihiri' tare da Tarayyar Soviet da [[Joseph Stalin]] musamman; ya yi tunanin cewa babban nasara a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] zai iya haifar da wani nau'i na sake fasalin siyasa ko tsarin gyarawa a cikin USSR. Adamovich ya ba da gudummawa ga takardu da yawa na pro-Soviet yamma kuma ya buga littafi mai suna ''The Other Motherland'' (Другая родина, 1947). An rubuta shi da Faransanci, wasu 'yan gudun hijira na Rasha suna kallonsa a matsayin "aikin da aka yi a gaban Stalinism ." <ref name="krugosvet_ad" /> A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ko da yake, Adamovich ya ƙara jin kunya. Waɗannan abubuwan sun bayyana har zuwa wani lokaci a cikin tarin kasidunsa na 1955 mai suna ''Loneliness and Freedom'' (Одиночество и свобода). <ref name="hronos">{{Cite web |title=Георгий Адамович |url=http://hrono.ru/biograf/bio_a/adamovich_gv.html |access-date=2011-01-01 |publisher=hrono.ru}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://hrono.ru/biograf/bio_a/adamovich_gv.html "Георгий Адамович"]. hrono.ru<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-01</span></span>.</cite></ref>
[[Fayil:Могила_Адамовича_2014-08-01_07-23.jpg|right|thumb| Kabarinsa a Nice.]]
Adamovich ya ci gaba da fassara wallafe-wallafen Faransanci zuwa Rashanci ciki har da ayyukan Jean Cocteau, Saint-John Perse da Albert Camus ( ''The Stranger'' ). Ya yi karatu a kan adabin Rasha a Jami'ar Manchester daga 1950 zuwa 1960, kuma na semester ɗaya (1960-61) a [[Jami'ar Oxford]] . A cikin 1971 ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka, yana karantarwa a Jami'ar Harvard, Jami'ar Yale, da Jami'ar New York . A cikin 1967 an buga littafinsa na ƙarshe na waƙar ''Unity'' (Единство). Ya yi daidai da sakin ''Comments'' (Комментарии), ɗimbin tarin kasidu masu mahimmanci. Georgy Adamovich ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 1972, a Nice, Faransa.
== Sana'a a matsayin mai suka ==
Adamovich ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu sukar ƙaura. Babban matsayinsa mai mahimmanci ya ta'allaka ne akan sauƙi. Ya ƙi waƙar gwaji kuma ya ba da shawarar batutuwan eschatological kamar gaskiya, kaɗaici, wahala, da mutuwa. Ya sha'awar ayyukan Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Alexander Blok, da [[Leo Tolstoy]] (ko da yake ba ya son wa'azin halin kirki na Tolstoy). Ya ƙi Afanasy Fet da Anton Chekhov (musamman wasan kwaikwayonsa), wanda hotunansa na rashin jin daɗi da rashin tausayi na rayuwar yau da kullum ya ɓoye, a ra'ayin Adamovich, tambayoyin mahimmanci na har abada.
Adamovich ya ga [[Fedor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoyevsky]] a matsayin marubucin metaphysical mai haɗari, kuma ya ƙi yarda da "ƙara" Marina Tsvetaeva da gwajin ta a cikin rhythm, meter, da rhyme. Ya soki wakokin Boris Pasternak daga ''likitan Zhivago'' sosai . Ra'ayinsa na shakku game da waƙa da rubuce-rubuce sun yi kama da na ɗan uwansa Mark Aldanov . Adamovich ya kasance mai godiya sosai ga halayen kiɗa na Blok waqoqin da na Georgy Ivanov. Ya bayyana wadannan ra’ayoyin ne a ganawar da ya yi da kananan mawaka, da kuma a cikin kasidun da ya rubuta.
== Fassarar Turanci ==
* ''Wakoki'' da "Rashin yuwuwar Waƙa" (maƙala), daga ''Farfaɗowar Al'adun Rasha'', Jami'ar Tennessee Press, 1981. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-87049-296-9|0-87049-296-9]]
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
* [http://lib.ru/POEZIQ/ADAMOWICH_G/stihi.txt The Poems] by Georgy Adamovich (Rashanci)
* [https://ruverses.com/georgy-adamovich/ Waƙoƙin] Georgy Adamovich (Turanci)
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'''Georgy Adamovich''' An haifi Georgy Adamovich a cikin dangin babban jami'in soja Viktor Adamovich, dan kabilar Pole, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban asibitin soja na Moscow tare da matsayi na Major General . <ref name="kostyor">{{Cite web |title=The Biography of G. V. Adamovich |url=http://www.kostyor.ru/biography/?n=53 |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=Russian Silver Age poetry. Vol. 2. / Acmeists. Russian Silver Age Poets. Leningrad University Press, 1991. Vol.II)}}</ref> Georgy ya shafe shekaru tara na farko na rayuwarsa a Moscow. "Mu dangin soja ne; 'yan'uwana biyu jami'an soji ne. Mahaifina ya ce game da ni, idan za a yarda da tarihin iyali: "Wannan yaron ba shi da wani abu kamar jami'insa - bari ya zama farar hula. Kuma haka ya kasance," in ji Adamovich daga baya. <ref name="rulife">{{Cite web |last=Malyshev, A. |year=1965 |title=Summer and Smoke. Georgy Adamovich of the between the Two Revolution Petrograd |url=http://www.rulife.ru/mode/article/271/ |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=www.rulife.ru}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa dangin sun koma Saint Petersburg inda Georgy ya shiga Gymnasium na farko. <ref name="kostyor" /> A 1910 ya zama dalibi a Jami'ar Jihar Saint Petersburg . Ya fara rubuta waƙa a can kuma a cikin 1915 ya zama memba na da'irar Acmeist.
== Sana'a ==
Adamovich na farko ɗan gajeren labari "Merry Horses" (Весёлые кони) an buga shi a cikin 1915 a cikin mujallar ''Voice of Life'', edita ta Dmitry Filosofov da Zinaida Gippius . <ref name="expats" /> By 1917 ya kasance memba (daga baya daya daga cikin shugabannin biyu, tare da Georgy Ivanov ) na Saint Petersburg [[:ru:Цех поэтов|Poet's Workshop]] . Adamovich's farko tarin shayari ''Clouds'' (Облака) ya yaba wa Nikolai Gumilyov don "aji da dandano mai kyau." <ref name="kovcheg">{{Cite web |last=Yermakov, Eduard |year=1991 |title=Georgy Adamovich. Poems (Георгий Адамович. Стихи) |url=http://lib.ru/POEZIQ/ADAMOWICH_G/stihi.txt |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=The Ark. - First Wave of Russian Emigarion Poetry (Ковчег - поэзия первой эмиграции, М., ИПЛ)}}</ref> Littafinsa na biyu na waƙa, ''Purgatory'' (Чистилище, 1922) ya fara da girmamawa ga Gumilyov wanda matashin mawaƙin yanzu ya ɗauka a matsayin jagoransa. <ref name="krugosvet_ad">{{Cite web |title=G.V. Adamovich. |url=http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/kultura_i_obrazovanie/literatura/ADAMOVICH_GEORGI_VIKTOROVICH.html |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=The Krugosvet Online Encyclopedia}}</ref> Gumilyov 'yar'uwar Acmeist Anna Akhmatova akai-akai ziyarci 'yar'uwar Adamovich Tanya a gidansu. Adamovich sau da yawa ya gana da Akhmatova a gidan rawa na Saint Petersburg "The Stray Dog" (Бродячая Собака), wurin da masu fasaha da marubuta za su taru don tattauna fasaha da wallafe-wallafe, zamantakewa, ko sauraron karatun sababbin wakoki na Akhmatova da sauran mawaƙa ciki har da Konstantin. Balmont, Sergei Yesenin, da Igor Severyanin . Adamovich ya sauke karatu daga Faculty of History and Philology a Jami'ar Jihar Saint Petersburg a 1917.
Bayan juyin juya halin 1917 Adamovich ya yi aiki ga gidan wallafe-wallafen ''wallafe-wallafen duniya'' (wanda Maxim Gorky ya kafa a 1919), yana fassara ayyukan Charles Baudelaire, [[Voltaire]], José-Maria de Heredia, Lord Byron da Thomas Moore . A cikin 1921-22 ya halarci tarurrukan adabi da tarurrukan wakoki da aka gudanar a ''The House of Art'' (Дом искусств), tsohon gidan wani hamshakin attajiri Saint Petersburg. A 1923 ya tafi [[Berlin]], sa'an nan ya zauna a Faransa don 'shiga anti-Soviet Circles' (kamar yadda Soviet adabi Encyclopaedia ya lura a 1934). <ref name="hronos">{{Cite web |title=Георгий Адамович |url=http://hrono.ru/biograf/bio_a/adamovich_gv.html |access-date=2011-01-01 |publisher=hrono.ru}}</ref> A nan ba da daɗewa ba ya yi suna a matsayin mai sukar wallafe-wallafen da mawallafi, yana aiki da mujallar ''Zveno'' (The Link) da ''Poslednye Novosty'' (Labaran Bugawa). <ref name="ozon">{{Cite web |title=Георгий Викторович Адамович |url=http://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/269500/ |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=www.ozon.ru}}</ref> A cikin thirties Adamovich aka ko'ina a matsayin 'manyan Rasha adabi a kasashen waje', aiki ga irin mujallu kamar ''Tchiisla'' (Lambobi) da ''Vstrechi'' (Taro), wanda shi ne editan na wani lokaci. Ya kusan daina rubuta waƙar amma duk da haka an lasafta shi a matsayin babban karfi a bayan ''bayanin kula na Paris'' (Парижская Нота), makarantar wakoki na Rasha a gudun hijira da ke riƙe da manyan ka'idodinta "cikakkiyar ikhlasi a cikin nuna baƙin cikin ran ɗan adam" da "nunawa". gaskiya tsirara". Georgy Fedotov ya kira Adamovich, tare da 'neman gaskiya' dabi'unsa, 'mai yawo na ascetic'. <ref name="kostyor">{{Cite web |title=The Biography of G. V. Adamovich |url=http://www.kostyor.ru/biography/?n=53 |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=Russian Silver Age poetry. Vol. 2. / Acmeists. Russian Silver Age Poets. Leningrad University Press, 1991. Vol.II)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.kostyor.ru/biography/?n=53 "The Biography of G. V. Adamovich"]. Russian Silver Age poetry. Vol. 2. / Acmeists. Russian Silver Age Poets. Leningrad University Press, 1991. Vol.II)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> A 1939 Adamovich littafin shayari ''a yamma'' (На Западе) aka buga. Daga baya mawãƙi da wallafe-wallafen Yuri Ivask ya yi amfani da take, wanda a cikin 1953 ya tattara da kuma shirya wani anthology na Rasha hijira shayari (wanda Adamovich aka da wakilta). <ref name="kovcheg">{{Cite web |last=Yermakov, Eduard |year=1991 |title=Georgy Adamovich. Poems (Георгий Адамович. Стихи) |url=http://lib.ru/POEZIQ/ADAMOWICH_G/stihi.txt |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=The Ark. - First Wave of Russian Emigarion Poetry (Ковчег - поэзия первой эмиграции, М., ИПЛ)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFYermakov,_Eduard1991">Yermakov, Eduard (1991). [http://lib.ru/POEZIQ/ADAMOWICH_G/stihi.txt "Georgy Adamovich. Poems (Георгий Адамович. Стихи)"]. The Ark. - First Wave of Russian Emigarion Poetry (Ковчег - поэзия первой эмиграции, М., ИПЛ)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yury Ivask |url=http://www.russianresources.lt/archive/Ivask/Ivask_0.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829151454/http://www.russianresources.lt/archive/Ivask/Ivask_0.html |archive-date=2007-08-29 |access-date=2011-01-01 |publisher=www.russianresources.lt}}</ref>
== Daga baya rayuwa ==
Kaka na 1939 ya ga Adamovich yana yakar Nazi a matsayin mai sa kai a cikin sojojin Faransa. An shiga tsakani ne bayan da sojoji suka sha kashi. <ref name="krugosvet_ad">{{Cite web |title=G.V. Adamovich. |url=http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/kultura_i_obrazovanie/literatura/ADAMOVICH_GEORGI_VIKTOROVICH.html |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=The Krugosvet Online Encyclopedia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/kultura_i_obrazovanie/literatura/ADAMOVICH_GEORGI_VIKTOROVICH.html "G.V. Adamovich"]. The Krugosvet Online Encyclopedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> A cikin marigayi 1940s Adamovich ya shiga cikin gajeren lokaci na 'sihiri' tare da Tarayyar Soviet da [[Joseph Stalin]] musamman; ya yi tunanin cewa babban nasara a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] zai iya haifar da wani nau'i na sake fasalin siyasa ko tsarin gyarawa a cikin USSR. Adamovich ya ba da gudummawa ga takardu da yawa na pro-Soviet yamma kuma ya buga littafi mai suna ''The Other Motherland'' (Другая родина, 1947). An rubuta shi da Faransanci, wasu 'yan gudun hijira na Rasha suna kallonsa a matsayin "aikin da aka yi a gaban Stalinism ." <ref name="krugosvet_ad" /> A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ko da yake, Adamovich ya ƙara jin kunya. Waɗannan abubuwan sun bayyana har zuwa wani lokaci a cikin tarin kasidunsa na 1955 mai suna ''Loneliness and Freedom'' (Одиночество и свобода). <ref name="hronos">{{Cite web |title=Георгий Адамович |url=http://hrono.ru/biograf/bio_a/adamovich_gv.html |access-date=2011-01-01 |publisher=hrono.ru}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://hrono.ru/biograf/bio_a/adamovich_gv.html "Георгий Адамович"]. hrono.ru<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-01</span></span>.</cite></ref>
[[Fayil:Могила_Адамовича_2014-08-01_07-23.jpg|right|thumb| Kabarinsa a Nice.]]
Adamovich ya ci gaba da fassara wallafe-wallafen Faransanci zuwa Rashanci ciki har da ayyukan Jean Cocteau, Saint-John Perse da Albert Camus ( ''The Stranger'' ). Ya yi karatu a kan adabin Rasha a Jami'ar Manchester daga 1950 zuwa 1960, kuma na semester ɗaya (1960-61) a [[Jami'ar Oxford]] . A cikin 1971 ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka, yana karantarwa a Jami'ar Harvard, Jami'ar Yale, da Jami'ar New York . A cikin 1967 an buga littafinsa na ƙarshe na waƙar ''Unity'' (Единство). Ya yi daidai da sakin ''Comments'' (Комментарии), ɗimbin tarin kasidu masu mahimmanci. Georgy Adamovich ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 1972, a Nice, Faransa.
== Sana'a a matsayin mai suka ==
Adamovich ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu sukar ƙaura. Babban matsayinsa mai mahimmanci ya ta'allaka ne akan sauƙi. Ya ƙi waƙar gwaji kuma ya ba da shawarar batutuwan eschatological kamar gaskiya, kaɗaici, wahala, da mutuwa. Ya sha'awar ayyukan Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Alexander Blok, da [[Leo Tolstoy]] (ko da yake ba ya son wa'azin halin kirki na Tolstoy). Ya ƙi Afanasy Fet da Anton Chekhov (musamman wasan kwaikwayonsa), wanda hotunansa na rashin jin daɗi da rashin tausayi na rayuwar yau da kullum ya ɓoye, a ra'ayin Adamovich, tambayoyin mahimmanci na har abada.
Adamovich ya ga [[Fedor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoyevsky]] a matsayin marubucin metaphysical mai haɗari, kuma ya ƙi yarda da "ƙara" Marina Tsvetaeva da gwajin ta a cikin rhythm, meter, da rhyme. Ya soki wakokin Boris Pasternak daga ''likitan Zhivago'' sosai . Ra'ayinsa na shakku game da waƙa da rubuce-rubuce sun yi kama da na ɗan uwansa Mark Aldanov . Adamovich ya kasance mai godiya sosai ga halayen kiɗa na Blok waqoqin da na Georgy Ivanov. Ya bayyana wadannan ra’ayoyin ne a ganawar da ya yi da kananan mawaka, da kuma a cikin kasidun da ya rubuta.
== Fassarar Turanci ==
* ''Wakoki'' da "Rashin yuwuwar Waƙa" (maƙala), daga ''Farfaɗowar Al'adun Rasha'', Jami'ar Tennessee Press, 1981. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-87049-296-9|0-87049-296-9]]
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
* [http://lib.ru/POEZIQ/ADAMOWICH_G/stihi.txt The Poems] by Georgy Adamovich (Rashanci)
* [https://ruverses.com/georgy-adamovich/ Waƙoƙin] Georgy Adamovich (Turanci)
{{Authority control}}
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'''Ƙananan Yus''' da manyan Yus, ko kuma haruffa ne na Rubutun Cyrillic <ref name="Unicode">{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Cyrillic: Range: 0400–04FF |url=http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0400.pdf |access-date=2011-10-31 |website=The Unicode Standard, Version 6.0 |page=41}}</ref> wanda ke wakiltar sautin hanci na [[Yaren Proto-Slavic|Slavonic na yau da kullun]] a farkon Cyrillic da Glagolitic. Kowane ɗayan na iya faruwa acikin nau'in iotated, wanda aka kafa a matsayin ligatures tare da decimal i (І). Sauran haruffa na Yus sun haɗu da Yus, ƙaramin Yus da Ƙananan Yus da kuma '''Yus da aka haɗu da shi'''. () [[Fayil:CYRILLIC_CAPITAL_LETTER_IOTIFIED_BLENDED_YUS.png|17x17px]]
A cikin sauti, ƙaramin yus yana wakiltar wasula ta gaba, mai yiwuwa [ɛ̃] (kamar Faransanci 'in' acikin "cinq" ko Polish 'ę' a cikin ""kęs"), yayin da babban yus ke wakiltar wasuli na baya, kamar IPA {{IPA|[ɔ̃]}} (kamar Faransanci "on" a cikin "bon" ko Polan 'ą' acikin 'kąt"). Wannan kuma ana ba da shawarar ta bayyanar kowannensu a matsayin 'ƙaddamarwa' digraph na 'Am' da 'om' bi da bi.
Sunayen haruffa basa nuna babba abu, kamar yadda ƙananan da babba suna cikin manyan bambance-bambance.
== Rashin ==
[[Fayil:Yus.svg|left|thumb|100x100px|Cyrillic little yus (hagu) da babban yus (dama); siffofi na al'ada (sama) da iotated (a ƙasa) ]]
Dukkanin yarukan Slavic na zamani da ke amfani da haruffa Cyrillic sun rasa wasula na hanci (akalla acikin daidaitattun su), suna sa Yus ba dole bane.
=== A cikin Bulgarian da Macedonian ===
Big Yus wani bangare ne na haruffa na Bulgarian har zuwa shekarar alif 1945. Koyaya, a lokacin, a cikin yarukan gabas, ana furta hanci na baya kamar yadda ъ {{IPA|[ɤ]}}. Tun da sabon mulkin da Soviet ke tallafawa ya so ya karya tare da wanda ya maye gurbinsa a ƙarshen WWII kuma yafi dacewa da harshen hukuma tare da Rasha, wanda yafi kusa da yarukan gabas kuma ya riga ya cire Babban Yus, an yi la'akari da furcin yammacin ba tare da rubutu ba, kuma wasikar ta tafi. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'']</sup>
Akwai wasu yarukan Bulgarian da Macedonian da ake magana a kusa da Thessaloniki da Kastoria a arewacin Girka (Yaren Kostur, Yaren Solun) waɗanda har yanzu suna adana furcin hanci misali {{IPA|[ˈkɤ̃de ˈɡrẽdeʃ ˈmilo ˈt͡ʃẽdo]}} (Karsi гредеш, милодо?; "Ina kuke tafiya, ƙaunataccen yaro?"), wanda za'a iya rubuta shi kafin sake fasalin a matsayin "Ќд грдешъ, милодо чдо?" tare da babban da ƙaramin yus.
A ziyarar da ya kai Razlog, a Pirin Macedonia ta Bulgaria, a cikin shekarar alif 1955, masanin ilimin harshe na Rasha Samuil Bernstein ya lura cewa ana iya jin furcin hanci na kalmomi kamar {{IPA|[ˈrɤ̃ka]}} (hannuwa), {{IPA|[ˈt͡ʃẽdo]}} (yaro) daga wasu tsofaffin mata na ƙauyen. Ga matasa, furcin baƙo ne gaba ɗaya; zasuyi tunanin cewa tsofaffin mata suna magana da Girkanci na zamani.
=== A cikin Rasha ===
A Rasha, ƙaramin Yus ya zo ana kiransa da iotated /ja/ (я) a tsakiya ko kuma a ƙarshen kalma don haka ya zo wakiltar wannan sautin kuma a wani wuri; [ana, hujja hujja] wasiƙar zamani я daidaita ce ta sigar lanƙwasa ta ƙarni na 17, wanda aka tsara ta hanyar gyaran rubutu na 1708. Yaren mutanen Poland.)
=== In Polish ===
In Polish, which is a Slavic language written in the Latin alphabet, the letter ''Ę<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwiQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>ę'' has the phonetic value of little Yus, and ''Ą<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwjA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>ą'' has that of big Yus. The iotated forms are written ''ię/ję'' and ''ią/ją'', respectively. However, the phonemes written ''ę'' and ''ą'' are not directly descended from those represented by little and big yus but developed after the original nasals merged in Polish and then diverged again. (Kashubian, the closest language to Polish, uses the letter ''ã'' instead of ''ę''.)
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1261739787|Yus]]"
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'''Ƙananan Yus''' da manyan Yus, ko kuma haruffa ne na Rubutun Cyrillic <ref name="Unicode">{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Cyrillic: Range: 0400–04FF |url=http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0400.pdf |access-date=2011-10-31 |website=The Unicode Standard, Version 6.0 |page=41}}</ref> wanda ke wakiltar sautin hanci na [[Yaren Proto-Slavic|Slavonic na yau da kullun]] a farkon Cyrillic da Glagolitic. Kowane ɗayan na iya faruwa acikin nau'in iotated, wanda aka kafa a matsayin ligatures tare da decimal i (І). Sauran haruffa na Yus sun haɗu da Yus, ƙaramin Yus da Ƙananan Yus da kuma '''Yus da aka haɗu da shi'''. () [[Fayil:CYRILLIC_CAPITAL_LETTER_IOTIFIED_BLENDED_YUS.png|17x17px]]
A cikin sauti, ƙaramin yus yana wakiltar wasula ta gaba, mai yiwuwa [ɛ̃] (kamar Faransanci 'in' acikin "cinq" ko Polish 'ę' a cikin ""kęs"), yayin da babban yus ke wakiltar wasuli na baya, kamar IPA {{IPA|[ɔ̃]}} (kamar Faransanci "on" a cikin "bon" ko Polan 'ą' acikin 'kąt"). Wannan kuma ana ba da shawarar ta bayyanar kowannensu a matsayin 'ƙaddamarwa' digraph na 'Am' da 'om' bi da bi.
Sunayen haruffa basa nuna babba abu, kamar yadda ƙananan da babba suna cikin manyan bambance-bambance.
== Rashin ==
[[Fayil:Yus.svg|left|thumb|100x100px|Cyrillic little yus (hagu) da babban yus (dama); siffofi na al'ada (sama) da iotated (a ƙasa) ]]
Dukkanin yarukan Slavic na zamani da ke amfani da haruffa Cyrillic sun rasa wasula na hanci (akalla acikin daidaitattun su), suna sa Yus ba dole bane.
=== A cikin Bulgarian da Macedonian ===
Big Yus wani bangare ne na haruffa na Bulgarian har zuwa shekarar alif 1945. Koyaya, a lokacin, a cikin yarukan gabas, ana furta hanci na baya kamar yadda ъ {{IPA|[ɤ]}}. Tun da sabon mulkin da Soviet ke tallafawa ya so ya karya tare da wanda ya maye gurbinsa a ƙarshen WWII kuma yafi dacewa da harshen hukuma tare da Rasha, wanda yafi kusa da yarukan gabas kuma ya riga ya cire Babban Yus, an yi la'akari da furcin yammacin ba tare da rubutu ba, kuma wasikar ta tafi. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'']</sup>
Akwai wasu yarukan Bulgarian da Macedonian da ake magana a kusa da Thessaloniki da Kastoria a arewacin Girka (Yaren Kostur, Yaren Solun) waɗanda har yanzu suna adana furcin hanci misali {{IPA|[ˈkɤ̃de ˈɡrẽdeʃ ˈmilo ˈt͡ʃẽdo]}} (Karsi гредеш, милодо?; "Ina kuke tafiya, ƙaunataccen yaro?"), wanda za'a iya rubuta shi kafin sake fasalin a matsayin "Ќд грдешъ, милодо чдо?" tare da babban da ƙaramin yus.
A ziyarar da ya kai Razlog, a Pirin Macedonia ta Bulgaria, a cikin shekarar alif 1955, masanin ilimin harshe na Rasha Samuil Bernstein ya lura cewa ana iya jin furcin hanci na kalmomi kamar {{IPA|[ˈrɤ̃ka]}} (hannuwa), {{IPA|[ˈt͡ʃẽdo]}} (yaro) daga wasu tsofaffin mata na ƙauyen. Ga matasa, furcin baƙo ne gaba ɗaya; zasuyi tunanin cewa tsofaffin mata suna magana da Girkanci na zamani.
=== A cikin Rasha ===
A Rasha, ƙaramin Yus ya zo ana kiransa da iotated /ja/ (я) a tsakiya ko kuma a ƙarshen kalma don haka yazo wakiltar wannan sautin kuma a wani wuri; [ana, hujja hujja] wasiƙar zamani я daidaita ce ta sigar lanƙwasa ta ƙarni na 17, wanda aka tsara ta hanyar gyaran rubutu na 1708. Yaren mutanen Poland.)
=== In Polish ===
In Polish, which is a Slavic language written in the Latin alphabet, the letter ''Ę<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwiQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>ę'' has the phonetic value of little Yus, and ''Ą<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwjA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>ą'' has that of big Yus. The iotated forms are written ''ię/ję'' and ''ią/ją'', respectively. However, the phonemes written ''ę'' and ''ą'' are not directly descended from those represented by little and big yus but developed after the original nasals merged in Polish and then diverged again. (Kashubian, the closest language to Polish, uses the letter ''ã'' instead of ''ę''.)
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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{{databox}}
'''Ƙananan Yus''' da manyan Yus, ko kuma haruffa ne na Rubutun Cyrillic <ref name="Unicode">{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Cyrillic: Range: 0400–04FF |url=http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0400.pdf |access-date=2011-10-31 |website=The Unicode Standard, Version 6.0 |page=41}}</ref> wanda ke wakiltar sautin hanci na [[Yaren Proto-Slavic|Slavonic na yau da kullun]] a farkon Cyrillic da Glagolitic. Kowane ɗayan na iya faruwa acikin nau'in iotated, wanda aka kafa a matsayin ligatures tare da decimal i (І). Sauran haruffa na Yus sun haɗu da Yus, ƙaramin Yus da Ƙananan Yus da kuma '''Yus da aka haɗu da shi'''. () [[Fayil:CYRILLIC_CAPITAL_LETTER_IOTIFIED_BLENDED_YUS.png|17x17px]]
A cikin sauti, ƙaramin yus yana wakiltar wasula ta gaba, mai yiwuwa [ɛ̃] (kamar Faransanci 'in' acikin "cinq" ko Polish 'ę' a cikin ""kęs"), yayin da babban yus ke wakiltar wasuli na baya, kamar IPA {{IPA|[ɔ̃]}} (kamar Faransanci "on" a cikin "bon" ko Polan 'ą' acikin 'kąt"). Wannan kuma ana ba da shawarar ta bayyanar kowannensu a matsayin 'ƙaddamarwa' digraph na 'Am' da 'om' bi da bi.
Sunayen haruffa basa nuna babba abu, kamar yadda ƙananan da babba suna cikin manyan bambance-bambance.
== Rashin ==
[[Fayil:Yus.svg|left|thumb|100x100px|Cyrillic little yus (hagu) da babban yus (dama); siffofi na al'ada (sama) da iotated (a ƙasa) ]]
Dukkanin yarukan Slavic na zamani da ke amfani da haruffa Cyrillic sun rasa wasula na hanci (akalla acikin daidaitattun su), suna sa Yus ba dole bane.
=== A cikin Bulgarian da Macedonian ===
Big Yus wani bangare ne na haruffa na Bulgarian har zuwa shekarar alif 1945. Koyaya, a lokacin, a cikin yarukan gabas, ana furta hanci na baya kamar yadda ъ {{IPA|[ɤ]}}. Tun da sabon mulkin da Soviet ke tallafawa ya so ya karya tare da wanda ya maye gurbinsa a ƙarshen WWII kuma yafi dacewa da harshen hukuma tare da Rasha, wanda yafi kusa da yarukan gabas kuma ya riga ya cire Babban Yus, an yi la'akari da furcin yammacin ba tare da rubutu ba, kuma wasikar ta tafi. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'']</sup>
Akwai wasu yarukan Bulgarian da Macedonian da ake magana a kusa da Thessaloniki da Kastoria a arewacin Girka (Yaren Kostur, Yaren Solun) waɗanda har yanzu suna adana furcin hanci misali {{IPA|[ˈkɤ̃de ˈɡrẽdeʃ ˈmilo ˈt͡ʃẽdo]}} (Karsi гредеш, милодо?; "Ina kuke tafiya, ƙaunataccen yaro?"), wanda za'a iya rubuta shi kafin sake fasalin a matsayin "Ќд грдешъ, милодо чдо?" tare da babban da ƙaramin yus.
A ziyarar da ya kai Razlog, a Pirin Macedonia ta Bulgaria, a cikin shekarar alif 1955, masanin ilimin harshe na Rasha Samuil Bernstein ya lura cewa ana iya jin furcin hanci na kalmomi kamar {{IPA|[ˈrɤ̃ka]}} (hannuwa), {{IPA|[ˈt͡ʃẽdo]}} (yaro) daga wasu tsofaffin mata na ƙauyen. Ga matasa, furcin baƙo ne gaba ɗaya; zasuyi tunanin cewa tsofaffin mata suna magana da Girkanci na zamani.
=== A cikin Rasha ===
A Rasha, ƙaramin Yus ya zo ana kiransa da iotated /ja/ (я) a tsakiya ko kuma a ƙarshen kalma don haka yazo wakiltar wannan sautin kuma a wani wuri; [ana, hujja hujja] wasiƙar zamani я daidaita ce ta sigar lanƙwasa ta ƙarni na 17, wanda aka tsara ta hanyar gyaran rubutu na 1708. Yaren mutanen Poland.)
=== In Polish ===
In Polish, which is a Slavic language written in the Latin alphabet, the letter ''Ę<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwiQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>ę'' has the phonetic value of little Yus, and ''Ą<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwjA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>ą'' has that of big Yus. The iotated forms are written ''ię/ję'' and ''ią/ją'', respectively. However, the phonemes written ''ę'' and ''ą'' are not directly descended from those represented by little and big yus but developed after the original nasals merged in Polish and then diverged again. (Kashubian, the closest language to Polish, uses the letter ''ã'' instead of ''ę''.)
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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'''Haid''' na iya komawa zuwa :
== Mutane ==
* Charles Haid (b. 1943), dan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka kuma darakta
* Grit Haid (1900–1938), yar wasan Ostiriya kuma yar wasan fim, 'yar'uwar Liane Haid
* Herenaus Haid (1784–1873),wani limamin Katolika na Jamus, malami, malamin katolika kuma marubuci
* Johann Elias Haid (1739–1809), wani ɗan Jamus mai zane da hoto, ɗan Johann Jacob Haid
* Johann Jacob Haid (1704–1767), a German engraver from Augsbourg, the father of Johann Elias Haid
* Kadra Mahamoud Haid, wife of Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti
* Leo Haid (1849–1924), an American Benedictine abbot and Catholic bishop
* Liane Haid (1895–2000), an Austrian actress, first Austrian movie star, the sister of Grit Haid
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'''Haid''' na iya komawa zuwa :
== Mutane ==
* Charles Haid (b. 1943), dan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka kuma darakta
* Grit Haid (1900–1938), yar wasan Ostiriya kuma yar wasan fim, 'yar'uwar Liane Haid
* Herenaus Haid (1784–1873),wani limamin Katolika na Jamus, malami, malamin katolika kuma marubuci ne
* Johann Elias Haid (1739–1809), wani ɗan Jamus mai zane da hoto, ɗan Johann Jacob Haid
* Johann Jacob Haid (1704–1767), a German engraver from Augsbourg, the father of Johann Elias Haid
* Kadra Mahamoud Haid, wife of Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti
* Leo Haid (1849–1924), an American Benedictine abbot and Catholic bishop
* Liane Haid (1895–2000), an Austrian actress, first Austrian movie star, the sister of Grit Haid
070t7279inb0mxnolxag8hq0xmx103b
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'''Vishwanath Patekar''' (An haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan January shekarata alif 1949), Wanda akafi sani da '''Nana Patekar''', dan wasan kwaikwayon indiya ne, mai shirya fina finai, kuma tsohon Indian Territorial Army Jami'i, yafi aiki acikin [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] da kuma [[Marati|Marathi cinema]].Ana ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawu kuma mafi tasiri a cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayoIndian Cinema, Ana ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawu kuma mafi tasiri a cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo National Film Awards, huduFilmfare Awards da kuma biyu Filmfare Awards Marathi don wasan kwaikwayonsa.was bestowed with the Padma Shri award in 2013 for his contribution in cinema and arts.
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1262666028|Nana Patekar]]"
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'''Vishwanath Patekar''' (An haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan January shekarata alif 1949), Wanda akafi sani da '''Nana Patekar''', dan wasan kwaikwayon indiya ne, mai shirya fina finai, kuma tsohon Indian Territorial Army Jami'i, yafi aiki acikin [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] da kuma [[Marati|Marathi cinema]].Ana ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawu kuma mafi tasiri a cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayoIndian Cinema, Ana ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawu kuma mafi tasiri a cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo National Film Awards, huduFilmfare Awards da kuma biyu Filmfare Awards
Bayan ya fara fitowa a Bollywood tare da wasan kwaikwayo na 1978 Gaman, Patekar ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a wasu fina-finan Marathi da wasu fina-finan Bollywood. Bayan yin tauraro a cikin lambar yabo ta Academy-wanda aka zaba Salaam Bombay a cikin 1988, ya ci lambar yabo ta National Film Award don Mafi kyawun Jarumi da Kyautar Filmfare Award don Mafi kyawun Jarumin Taimakawa saboda rawar da ya taka a wasan kwaikwayo na laifi Parinda (1989). Sannan ya yi tauraro na farko na darakta, Prahaar: Attack na Karshe (1991). Daga baya Patekar ya yi tauraro a ciki kuma ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin fina-finai da dama na kasuwanci na shekarun 1990, ciki har da Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman (1992); Angaar (1992), wanda ya lashe kyautar Filmfare Award for Best Villain; Tirangaa (1993); Krantiver (1994), wanda a dalilinsa ya lashe kyautar National Film Award for Best Actor and Filmfare Award for Best Actor. Ya kuma kara samun yabo ga Agni Sakshi (1996), wanda a dalilinsa ne ya lashe lambar yabo ta kasa ta biyu a matsayin gwarzon jarumin da ke tallafawa; da Khamoshi: The Musical (1996).
A lokacin farko 2000s, ya karbi farashi don aikinsa a ''Shakti: The Power'' (2002), ''Ab Tak Chhappan'' (2004) da kuma''Apaharan'' (2005); na karshen wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Filmfare a karo na biyu na Best Villain, kuma''Taxi No. 9211'' (2006). Patekar ya samu yabo sosai kan yadda ya taka wani dan daba Uday Shetty a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Welcome'' (2007) and its sequel ''Welcome Back'' (2015),kuma dan siyasa a cikin harkar siyasa''Raajneeti'' (2010). A shekarar 2016,ya fito a cikin fim din Marathi na Natsamrat wanda ya yi nasara kuma ya yi nasara; inda ya nuna wani jarumin wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya. Ya lashe kyautar Filmfare Award for Best Actor (Marathi) saboda rawar da ya taka a fim din .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohan Valecha, Vaibhavi V Risbood |date=28 October 2017 |title=Jio Filmfare Awards Marathi 2017: Complete winners' list |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/jio-filmfare-awards-marathi-2017-complete-winners-list/articleshow/61280249.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725102955/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/jio-filmfare-awards-marathi-2017-complete-winners-list/articleshow/61280249.cms |archive-date=25 July 2018 |access-date=29 September 2018 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1262666028|Nana Patekar]]"
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'''Vishwanath Patekar''' (An haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan January shekarata alif 1949), Wanda akafi sani da '''Nana Patekar''', dan wasan kwaikwayon indiya ne, mai shirya fina finai, kuma tsohon Indian Territorial Army Jami'i, yafi aiki acikin [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] da kuma [[Marati|Marathi cinema]].Ana ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawu kuma mafi tasiri a cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayoIndian Cinema, Ana ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawu kuma mafi tasiri a cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo National Film Awards, huduFilmfare Awards da kuma biyu Filmfare Awards
Bayan ya fara fitowa a Bollywood tare da wasan kwaikwayo na 1978 Gaman, Patekar ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a wasu fina-finan Marathi da wasu fina-finan Bollywood. Bayan yin tauraro a cikin lambar yabo ta Academy-wanda aka zaba Salaam Bombay a cikin 1988, ya ci lambar yabo ta National Film Award don Mafi kyawun Jarumi da Kyautar Filmfare Award don Mafi kyawun Jarumin Taimakawa saboda rawar da ya taka a wasan kwaikwayo na laifi Parinda (1989). Sannan ya yi tauraro na farko na darakta, Prahaar: Attack na Karshe (1991). Daga baya Patekar ya yi tauraro a ciki kuma ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin fina-finai da dama na kasuwanci na shekarun 1990, ciki har da Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman (1992); Angaar (1992), wanda ya lashe kyautar Filmfare Award for Best Villain; Tirangaa (1993); Krantiver (1994), wanda a dalilinsa ya lashe kyautar National Film Award for Best Actor and Filmfare Award for Best Actor. Ya kuma kara samun yabo ga Agni Sakshi (1996), wanda a dalilinsa ne ya lashe lambar yabo ta kasa ta biyu a matsayin gwarzon jarumin da ke tallafawa; da Khamoshi: The Musical (1996).
A lokacin farko 2000s, ya karbi farashi don aikinsa a ''Shakti: The Power'' (2002), ''Ab Tak Chhappan'' (2004) da kuma''Apaharan'' (2005); na karshen wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Filmfare a karo na biyu na Best Villain, kuma''Taxi No. 9211'' (2006). Patekar ya samu yabo sosai kan yadda ya taka wani dan daba Uday Shetty a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Welcome'' (2007) and its sequel ''Welcome Back'' (2015),kuma dan siyasa a cikin harkar siyasa''Raajneeti'' (2010). A shekarar 2016,ya fito a cikin fim din Marathi na Natsamrat wanda ya yi nasara kuma ya yi nasara; inda ya nuna wani jarumin wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya. Ya lashe kyautar Filmfare Award for Best Actor (Marathi) saboda rawar da ya taka a fim din .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohan Valecha, Vaibhavi V Risbood |date=28 October 2017 |title=Jio Filmfare Awards Marathi 2017: Complete winners' list |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/jio-filmfare-awards-marathi-2017-complete-winners-list/articleshow/61280249.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725102955/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/jio-filmfare-awards-marathi-2017-complete-winners-list/articleshow/61280249.cms |archive-date=25 July 2018 |access-date=29 September 2018 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
== Rayuwarsa ta farko ==
An haifi Nana Patekar Vishwanath Patekar, a cikin dangin Marathi a Murud-Janjira, a gundumar Raigad ta yanzu, Maharashtra.[1] [2] Shi tsohon dalibin Sir J.J. Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha, Mumbai
<ref name="TOI48667422">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2015 |title=Nana Patekar: I learnt acting from the hunger and humiliation I faced at 13 – The Times of India . |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Nana-Patekar-I-learnt-acting-from-the-hunger-and-humiliation-I-faced-at-13/articleshow/48667422.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828060154/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Nana-Patekar-I-learnt-acting-from-the-hunger-and-humiliation-I-faced-at-13/articleshow/48667422.cms |archive-date=28 August 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Vishwanath Patekar''' (An haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan January shekarata alif 1949), Wanda akafi sani da '''Nana Patekar''', dan wasan kwaikwayon indiya ne, mai shirya fina finai, kuma tsohon Indian Territorial Army Jami'i, yafi aiki acikin [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] da kuma [[Marati|Marathi cinema]].Ana ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawu kuma mafi tasiri a cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayoIndian Cinema, Ana ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawu kuma mafi tasiri a cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo National Film Awards, huduFilmfare Awards da kuma biyu Filmfare Awards
Bayan ya fara fitowa a Bollywood tare da wasan kwaikwayo na 1978 Gaman, Patekar ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a wasu fina-finan Marathi da wasu fina-finan Bollywood. Bayan yin tauraro a cikin lambar yabo ta Academy-wanda aka zaba Salaam Bombay a cikin 1988, ya ci lambar yabo ta National Film Award don Mafi kyawun Jarumi da Kyautar Filmfare Award don Mafi kyawun Jarumin Taimakawa saboda rawar da ya taka a wasan kwaikwayo na laifi Parinda (1989). Sannan ya yi tauraro na farko na darakta, Prahaar: Attack na Karshe (1991). Daga baya Patekar ya yi tauraro a ciki kuma ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin fina-finai da dama na kasuwanci na shekarun 1990, ciki har da Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman (1992); Angaar (1992), wanda ya lashe kyautar Filmfare Award for Best Villain; Tirangaa (1993); Krantiver (1994), wanda a dalilinsa ya lashe kyautar National Film Award for Best Actor and Filmfare Award for Best Actor. Ya kuma kara samun yabo ga Agni Sakshi (1996), wanda a dalilinsa ne ya lashe lambar yabo ta kasa ta biyu a matsayin gwarzon jarumin da ke tallafawa; da Khamoshi: The Musical (1996).
A lokacin farko 2000s, ya karbi farashi don aikinsa a ''Shakti: The Power'' (2002), ''Ab Tak Chhappan'' (2004) da kuma''Apaharan'' (2005); na karshen wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Filmfare a karo na biyu na Best Villain, kuma''Taxi No. 9211'' (2006). Patekar ya samu yabo sosai kan yadda ya taka wani dan daba Uday Shetty a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Welcome'' (2007) and its sequel ''Welcome Back'' (2015),kuma dan siyasa a cikin harkar siyasa''Raajneeti'' (2010). A shekarar 2016,ya fito a cikin fim din Marathi na Natsamrat wanda ya yi nasara kuma ya yi nasara; inda ya nuna wani jarumin wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya. Ya lashe kyautar Filmfare Award for Best Actor (Marathi) saboda rawar da ya taka a fim din .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohan Valecha, Vaibhavi V Risbood |date=28 October 2017 |title=Jio Filmfare Awards Marathi 2017: Complete winners' list |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/jio-filmfare-awards-marathi-2017-complete-winners-list/articleshow/61280249.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725102955/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/jio-filmfare-awards-marathi-2017-complete-winners-list/articleshow/61280249.cms |archive-date=25 July 2018 |access-date=29 September 2018 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
== Rayuwarsa ta farko ==
An haifi Nana Patekar Vishwanath Patekar, a cikin dangin Marathi a Murud-Janjira, a gundumar Raigad ta yanzu, Maharashtra.[1] [2] Shi tsohon dalibin Sir J.J. Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha, Mumbai
<ref name="TOI48667422">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2015 |title=Nana Patekar: I learnt acting from the hunger and humiliation I faced at 13 – The Times of India . |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Nana-Patekar-I-learnt-acting-from-the-hunger-and-humiliation-I-faced-at-13/articleshow/48667422.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828060154/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Nana-Patekar-I-learnt-acting-from-the-hunger-and-humiliation-I-faced-at-13/articleshow/48667422.cms |archive-date=28 August 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005.
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
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559356
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Abusule dankofa
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
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Abusule dankofa
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958).
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.
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Abusule dankofa
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
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Abusule dankofa
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.
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559364
2024-12-19T09:25:06Z
Abusule dankofa
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref>
29diwmeixksfcvbuk3sbechwnug2mws
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.
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Abusule dankofa
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
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Abusule dankofa
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace daga 1999 zuwa 2003.
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace daga 1999 zuwa 2003.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace daga 1999 zuwa 2003.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance ƙwararren manazarcin kuɗi (CFA) mai hayar kuɗi kuma ya sami digirin girmamawa da yawa.
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace daga 1999 zuwa 2003.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance ƙwararren manazarcin kuɗi (CFA) mai hayar kuɗi kuma ya sami digirin girmamawa da yawa.<ref>https://modernhistoryproject.org/mhp?Entity=DonaldsonWH</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace daga 1999 zuwa 2003.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance ƙwararren manazarcin kuɗi (CFA) mai hayar kuɗi kuma ya sami digirin girmamawa da yawa.<ref>https://modernhistoryproject.org/mhp?Entity=DonaldsonWH</ref>
Ya kasance a cikin hukumar IEX.
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace daga 1999 zuwa 2003.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance ƙwararren manazarcin kuɗi (CFA) mai hayar kuɗi kuma ya sami digirin girmamawa da yawa.<ref>https://modernhistoryproject.org/mhp?Entity=DonaldsonWH</ref>
Ya kasance a cikin hukumar IEX.<ref>Executive Team, IEX, archived from the original on October 27, 2017, retrieved October 26, 2017</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace daga 1999 zuwa 2003.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance ƙwararren manazarcin kuɗi (CFA) mai hayar kuɗi kuma ya sami digirin girmamawa da yawa.<ref>https://modernhistoryproject.org/mhp?Entity=DonaldsonWH</ref>
Ya kasance a cikin hukumar IEX.<ref>Executive Team, IEX, archived from the original on October 27, 2017, retrieved October 26, 2017</ref>
==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa==
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace daga 1999 zuwa 2003.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance ƙwararren manazarcin kuɗi (CFA) mai hayar kuɗi kuma ya sami digirin girmamawa da yawa.<ref>https://modernhistoryproject.org/mhp?Entity=DonaldsonWH</ref>
Ya kasance a cikin hukumar IEX.<ref>Executive Team, IEX, archived from the original on October 27, 2017, retrieved October 26, 2017</ref>
==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa==
Donaldson shine mahaifin yara uku kuma ya auri Jane Phillips Donaldson.
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace daga 1999 zuwa 2003.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance ƙwararren manazarcin kuɗi (CFA) mai hayar kuɗi kuma ya sami digirin girmamawa da yawa.<ref>https://modernhistoryproject.org/mhp?Entity=DonaldsonWH</ref>
Ya kasance a cikin hukumar IEX.<ref>Executive Team, IEX, archived from the original on October 27, 2017, retrieved October 26, 2017</ref>
==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa==
Donaldson shine mahaifin yara uku kuma ya auri Jane Phillips Donaldson.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace daga 1999 zuwa 2003.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance ƙwararren manazarcin kuɗi (CFA) mai hayar kuɗi kuma ya sami digirin girmamawa da yawa.<ref>https://modernhistoryproject.org/mhp?Entity=DonaldsonWH</ref>
Ya kasance a cikin hukumar IEX.<ref>Executive Team, IEX, archived from the original on October 27, 2017, retrieved October 26, 2017</ref>
==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa==
Donaldson shine mahaifin yara uku kuma ya auri Jane Phillips Donaldson.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref> Ya rasu a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 2024, yana da shekaru 93.
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace daga 1999 zuwa 2003.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance ƙwararren manazarcin kuɗi (CFA) mai hayar kuɗi kuma ya sami digirin girmamawa da yawa.<ref>https://modernhistoryproject.org/mhp?Entity=DonaldsonWH</ref>
Ya kasance a cikin hukumar IEX.<ref>Executive Team, IEX, archived from the original on October 27, 2017, retrieved October 26, 2017</ref>
==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa==
Donaldson shine mahaifin yara uku kuma ya auri Jane Phillips Donaldson.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref> Ya rasu a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 2024, yana da shekaru 93.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/us/ex-us-sec-head-william-donaldson-dies-93-2024-06-14/</ref>
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'''William Henry Donaldson''' (June 2, 1931 - Yuni 12, 2024) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne wanda shi ne shugaban na 27th na US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wanda ya yi aiki daga Fabrairu 2003 zuwa Yuni 2005. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Karamin Sakatare na Harkokin Tsaro na kasa da kasa a Gwamnatin Nixon, a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Nelson Rockefeller, shugaban da Shugaba na New York Stock Exchange, kuma shugaba, Shugaba da Shugaba na Aetna.<ref>"Aetna chief: Aetna Inc. named William Donaldson chairman". Chicago Tribune. February 25, 2000. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</ref> Donaldson ya kafa Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.<ref>Linder, Karen (2012). The Women of Berkshire Hathaway: Lessons from Warren Buffett's Female CEOs and Directors. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118227411. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
==Rayuwa da ilimi==
[[Fayil:William Henry Donaldson.jpg|thumb]]
Donaldson ya halarci Jami'ar Yale (BA 1953) da Jami'ar Harvard (MBA 1958). Yayin da yake babba a Yale, ya shiga ƙungiyar sirrin kwanyarsa da ƙasusuwa.<ref>Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 166, 173. ISBN 0-316-72091-7.</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/skull-and-bones/</ref>
Ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na farko a Japan da Koriya (1953–55), a matsayin kwamandan rundunan bindiga sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin ga Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa na Sama na 1st.<ref>https://www.sec.gov/about/commissioner/donaldson.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fdic.gov/about/advisory-committees/systemic-resolutions/bios/williamhdonaldson.html</ref><ref>https://www.systemicriskcouncil.org/members/william-donaldson/</ref><ref>https://www.wesalute.com/blog/wesalute-awards/bill-donaldson</ref>
==Sana'a==
Donaldson ya fara aikinsa a GH Walker & Co., kamfanin banki da dillalai.<ref>https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wall-Street-figure-tapped-to-head-SEC-2746962.php</ref>
Donaldson ya koma Yale kuma ya kafa Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kuma farfesa na nazarin gudanarwa.<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref><ref>https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/6780</ref> A cewar Lee Tom Perry, tsohon farfesa a jami'ar Brigham na dabarun dabaru da dabi'un kungiya, Donaldson yana da hangen nesa game da shirin gudanarwa na Yale da ke samar da daliban da za su iya shiga cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin ayyukan gudanarwa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Wannan shi ne hangen nesa na biyu, yana mai da hankali ga masu zaman kansu ga kamfanoni masu riba da kuma matsayi na jagoranci na gwamnati, yayin da yin watsi da jagoranci a wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba don riba ba. duk sun dauki mukamai a kasuwanci, kusan babu wanda ya dauki aiki da gwamnati.<ref>https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/lee-tom-perry_private-service/</ref> Babban ginin makarantar yana ci gaba da nuna hotonsa mai girman rayuwa kuma ana kiransa lambar yabo ta jagoranci a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Yale "Donaldson Fellows".<ref>https://som.yale.edu/story/2024/remembering-founding-dean-william-h-donaldson-1931-2024</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace daga 1999 zuwa 2003.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref>
Donaldson ya kasance ƙwararren manazarcin kuɗi (CFA) mai hayar kuɗi kuma ya sami digirin girmamawa da yawa.<ref>https://modernhistoryproject.org/mhp?Entity=DonaldsonWH</ref>
Ya kasance a cikin hukumar IEX.<ref>Executive Team, IEX, archived from the original on October 27, 2017, retrieved October 26, 2017</ref>
==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa==
Donaldson shine mahaifin yara uku kuma ya auri Jane Phillips Donaldson.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/041/000031945/</ref> Ya rasu a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 2024, yana da shekaru 93.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/us/ex-us-sec-head-william-donaldson-dies-93-2024-06-14/</ref>
==Manazarta==
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Wangara na iya nufin:
* Soninke Wangara na Yammacin Afirka
* Wangara, Yammacin Ostiraliya
* Wangara, Burkina Faso
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Wangara na iya nufin:
* Soninke Wangara na Yammacin Afirka
* Wangara, Yammacin Ostiraliya
* Wangara, Burkina Faso
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'''Ladi''' na iya komawa zuwa
* Ladi (given name)
* [[Barkin Ladi]], karamar hukuma a nigeria
* Aliabad-e Ladi, wani kauye a iran
* Hoseynabad Ladi, wani kauye a iran
* Kahnok Ladi, wani kauye a iran
* Tohman-e Ladi, wani kauye a Iran
* Y Ladi Wen ("farar mace"), bayyanar Celtic mythology
* Ladi6 (an haifi Karoline Tamati a 1982),meyen recodi daga new zealand
{{Disambig|geo}}
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'''Ladi''' na iya komawa zuwa
* Ladi (given name)
* [[Barkin Ladi]], karamar hukuma a nigeria
* Aliabad-e Ladi, wani kauye ne a iran
* Hoseynabad Ladi, wani kauye ne a iran
* Kahnok Ladi, wani kauye a iran
* Tohman-e Ladi, wani kauye ne a Iran
* Y Ladi Wen ("farar mace"), bayyanar Celtic mythology
* Ladi6 (an haifi Karoline Tamati a 1982),meyen recodi daga new zealand
{{Disambig|geo}}
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Maryam Moshiri
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'''Maryam Moshiri''' (an haifeta a ranar 9 ga watan yuni a shekarata alif 1977) mai gabatarwa ne mai aiki don BBC akan shi News Channel watsa shirye-shirye a Birtaniya da kuma duniya.shirinta the world today with Maryam moshiri iskan kwanakin mako 7:00 pm lokacin uk.kuma ya haɗa da tambayoyi tare da ƙididdiga daga zane-zane, al'adu da nishaɗi.
== Rayuwarsa ta farko da ilimi ==
Moshiri an haife ta a ranar 9 ga watan yuni shekarar 1977 a [[Tehran]], [[Iran]] kuma ta kammala karatunsa aUniversity College London a shekarar 2000 tare da BA a italiyanci. Sannan ta mammals karat un diploma a Broadcast Journalism a cikin London College of Communication, kammala karatu a2001. Yar uwarta, Nazanine Moshiri, tayi aiki a matsayin wakilan kasashen waje a Al Jazeera.
== Aiki ==
Moshiri ta fara aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga kasuwancinIndependent Radio News<ref>{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=The Guardian Summer Graduate Fair - Inside Stories Room |url=http://www.summergradfair.co.uk/gisscoop.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930081511/http://www.summergradfair.co.uk/gisscoop.php |archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> a watan yuli shekarar 2001 Kafin shiga BBC a shekarar 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 7, 2023 |title=Senior BBC news presenter caught giving middle finger to camera live on air |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/12/07/maryam-moshiri-apology-middle-finger-bbc-presenter/ |access-date=January 8, 2024 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref>
Ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 16 a matsayin sabon anka na kasuwanci akan wasu daga cikin BBC's ''shirye-shiryen kasuwanci na flagship kamar kirkiran kasuwanci'', rayuwar aiki da kasuwanci magana. Moshiri kuma ana watsa shi a rediyo 4, BBC karin kumallo sabo da gabatar da 8pm bulletin labarai akan BBC1.Ta kasance mai gabatar da labarai na yau da kullun na kasuwanci na rana da yamma a kan Labaran BBC, tashar labarai na kamfanin na awa 24.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maryam Moshiri |url=https://noelgay.com/client/maryam-moshiri/ |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Noel Gay}}</ref>
In 2019, Moshiri became a news presenter at BBC World News and BBC News. She has presented most of the global news channel's flagship programmes, including ''Outside Source'', ''Impact'' and ''Global''. Moshiri has also presented ''The Papers'' on BBC News. In February 2023, it was announced that she would continue as a presenter on the BBC's new news channel for both UK and international viewers launched in April.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2023 |title=BBC unveils presenter line-up for news channel |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/2023/bbc-unveils-presenter-line-up-for-news-channel |access-date=2 February 2023}}</ref> In May 2023, she was part of the BBC coverage of the 2023 Eurovision Song Contest in Liverpool, being based for the majority of the week in the host city on duplex with a team in the New Broadcasting House studio.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McIntosh |first=Steven |date=26 December 2023 |title=Eurovision to Indiana Jones: 15 flops and fails in culture in 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-64315561.amp |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]
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== hoton da ke cikin wannan labarin ba daidai ba ne ==
hoton da ke cikin wannan labarin ba daidai ba ne [[User:Andikan Efiok Eduok|Andikan Efiok Eduok]] ([[User talk:Andikan Efiok Eduok|talk]]) 11:10, 19 Disamba 2024 (UTC)
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