Wikipedia ibawiki https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambar_Keterubah MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4 first-letter Media Spesyel Randau Penggena Randau penggena Wikipedia Randau Wikipedia Fail Randau fail MediaWiki Randau MediaWiki Templat Randau templat Bantu Randau bantu Kategori Randau kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modul Randau modul Iban Merotai 0 1454 10122 9006 2024-11-25T12:06:28Z Song GK 9 10122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = <!-- (defaults to {{PAGENAME}}) --> | native_name = Iban Sabah | native_name_lang = | image = | image_caption = | image_alt = | image_upright = | total = | total_year = <!-- year of total population --> | total_source = <!-- source of total population; may be ''census'' or ''estimate'' --> | total_ref = <!-- references supporting total population --> | genealogy = | regions = {{flag|Sabah}} | languages = | religions = [[Kristian]], [[Islam]], Pengarap Lama | related_groups = [[Iban]], [[Iban Sebuyau]] | footnotes = }} '''Iban Merotai''' tauka '''Iban Sabah''' nya siti ari takang bansa [[Iban]] ke diau ba [[Borneo]]. Ari sukut budaya, jaku enggau jalai pengarap, Iban Merotai sebaka enggau Iban ba endur bukai baka di [[Sarawak]], [[Brunei]], [[Kalimantan Barat]] tauka di [[Johor]]. Majoriti bansa Iban Merotai diau ba pelilih mit [[Merotai]], dalam [[Tawau]], [[pelilih menua Tawau]], [[Sabah]]. ==Penatai enggau sejarah== Pemindah bansa [[Iban]] ngagai Tawau, Sabah udah bepun ari taun 1920-an tauka 1930-an. Sekeda sebilik bansa Iban udah milih deka nguan kandang menua Tawau sepenumu 1960-an. Pengudah Sabah diberi meredeka lalu begulai enggau federasyen [[Malaysia]] , agi bisi orang Iban ke mindah ngagai Tawau, lalu sida tu diberi pala tanah ti sah. <ref>{{cite journal |author1= Logie Seman |author2= Ryoji Soda|date= 2011 |title= Life Histories of Migrants: ''Bejalai'' Experience of the Iban in Sabah, Malaysia|url= |journal= Geographical Studies |volume= 86|issue= |pages= 132-152|doi= |access-date=}}</ref> ==Malin== {{reflist}} jbniexb72va32kmrvvpes2mcctni98u Jaku Acheh 0 1490 10132 8207 2024-11-25T14:24:51Z Song GK 9 10132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | image = Basa Aceh.png | imagecaption = 'Basa Acèh' ditulis dalam [[Urup Jawi|urup Jawoë]]. | name = Jaku Acheh | nativename = {{Lang|ace|Bahsa/Basa Acèh}}<br/>{{Script/Arabic|بهسا اچيه}} | pronunciation = [{{IPA|bahsa at͡ʃeh|}}] | states = [[Indonesia]] | region = [[Acheh]], [[Sumatera]] | ethnicity = 3,370,000 juta [[Acehnese people|Acehnese]] (2010 census)<ref name=e26/> | speakers = 2,840,000 juta | date = 2010 census | ref = e26 | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] | fam3 = [[Jaku-jaku Chamik|Chamik]] | iso2 = ace | iso3 = ace | script = [[Urup Latin]]<br/>[[Urup Jawi|Jawoë script]] | nation = [[Indonesia]] * [[Aceh]] (co-official with [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]) | glotto = achi1257 | glottorefname = Acehnese | map = Aceh Language Map.svg | mapcaption = {{Legend|#0080ff|Kandang menua majoriti pejaku Acheh}} {{Legend|#88c4ff|Kandang menua ke ngembuan minoriti signifikan pejaku Acheh}} | notice = IPA }} [[Fail:WIKITONGUES- T.A., Iqbal, and Kalam speaking Acehnese.webm|thumb|Orang bejaku ngena Jaku Acheh]] '''Jaku Acheh''' ([[Urup Jawi|Jawoë]]: {{Lang|ace-arab|{{Script/Arabic|بهسا اچيه}}}}) nya siti jaku ari [[jaku-jaku Austronesia]] dikena raban bansa [[Acheh]] ba [[Acheh]], [[Sumatera]], [[Indonesia]]. Jaku tu mega dikena peturun orang Acheh ba sekeda endur di [[Malaysia]] baka [[Yan, Kedah|Yan]], ba [[Kedah]]. Jaku Acheh dikena nyadi jaku resmi kedua ba provinsi Acheh, beserimbai enggau [[Jaku Indonesia]].<ref>{{Cite act|type=Qanun|index=10|date=2022|legislature=[[People's Representative Council of Aceh]]|title=Qanun Aceh Tentang Bahasa Aceh|url=https://jdih.acehprov.go.id/dih/view/bb2427df-39e1-4986-be26-932f25cda170}}</ref> == Penerang == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] q3u9hx5x5ybtb8yjntjgxvb26q1raq3 Jaku Banjar 0 1495 10127 8212 2024-11-25T14:21:39Z Song GK 9 10127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Jaku Banjar | nativename = {{Lang|bjn|basa Banjar}}<br>{{Lang|bjn|jaku Banjar}}<br>{{Script/Arabic|باس بنجر}} | states = [[Indonesia]] | region = * [[Kalimantan Selatan]] * [[Kalimantan Tengah]] * [[Kalimantan Timur]] | ethnicity = [[Banjar]] | speakers = [[Jaku keterubah|L1]]: 4,127,124 | date = 2010 census | ref = <ref>{{Citation|title=Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia (Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010)|language=id|trans-title=Citizenship, Ethnicity, Religion, and Languages of the Indonesian Population (Results of the 2010 Population Census)|url=https://www.bps.go.id/pressrelease/download.html?nrbvfeve=MTg1NA%3D%3D&sdfs=ldjfdifsdjkfahi&twoadfnoarfeauf=MjAyMS0wNy0xOSAxNzoyNzo0Ng%3D%3D|location=Jakarta|publisher=Central Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia|year=2010|ref={{Sfnref|BPS|2021b}}}}</ref> | speakers2 = L1 & [[Second language|L2]]: ~10,650,000 | script = * [[Urup Latin|Latin]] * [[Urup Jawi|Jawi]] | standards = Standard Banjarese | dia1 = Banjar Hulu<ref name="BH1978">{{Cite book|title=Bahasa Banjar Hulu|language=id|trans-title=Pahuluan Banjar Language|url=http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/id/eprint/2355|year=1978|publisher=Language Development Center of the Republic of Indonesia|location=Jakarta}}</ref><ref name="KBH2008">{{Cite book|title=Kamus Bahasa Banjar Dialek Hulu-Indonesia|language=id|trans-title=Pahuluan Banjarese Dictionary to Indonesian|url=http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/id/eprint/2855|year=2008|isbn=978-979-685-776-0|publisher=Banjarmasin Linguistic Center, Department of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia|location=Banjarmasin}}</ref> | dia2 = Banjar Kuala<ref name="SBK1981">{{Cite book|title=Struktur Bahasa Banjar Kuala|language=id|trans-title=Language Structure of Kuala Banjarese|url=http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/id/eprint/2402|year=1981|publisher=Language Development Center of the Republic of Indonesia|location=Jakarta}}</ref><ref name="MSBK1986">{{Cite book|title=Morfo Sintaksis Bahasa Banjar Kuala|language=id|trans-title=Syntactic Morphology of Kuala Banjarese|url=http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/id/eprint/3150|year=1986|publisher=Language Development Center of the Republic of Indonesia|location=Jakarta}}</ref> | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] | fam3 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] | minority = [[Indonesia]] * [[Kalimantan Selatan]] * [[Kalimantan Timur]] | agency = [[Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa]] | iso3 = bjn | glotto = banj1241 | lingua = 31-MFA-fd | map = | notice = IPA }} [[Fail:WIKITONGUES- Nurkhalis speaking Banjar.webm|thumb|Siku laki ke ngena jaku Banjar]] '''Jaku Banjar''' (Jaku Banjar: ''Basa Banjar'') ianya siti jaku ari raban [[Jaku-jaku Austronesia|Austronesia]] pasisir ba [[Kalimantan Selatan]] ke dikena orang [[Banjar]]. Jaku tu nyadi jaku [[lingua franca]] de facto ti dikena mayuh macham raban bansa ukai mina ba Kalimantan Selatan aja, tang dikena mega ba [[Kalimantan Tengah]] enggau [[Kalimantan Timur]]. == Penerang == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] 41g9o6yg4rp584sxo3cc2z39wl53b5q Jaku Betawi 0 1498 10128 8215 2024-11-25T14:22:23Z Song GK 9 10128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses|Betawi (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox language | name = Jaku Betawi | nativename = ''basè Betawi, basa Betawi'' | region = [[Jakarta]]<br>[[West Java]]<br>[[Banten]]<br>[[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]] | states = [[Indonesia]] <br>[[Australia]] | speakers = 5 million | script = [[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Malay alphabet]]) | ethnicity = {{Plainlist| *[[Betawi people|Betawi]] *[[Arab Indonesians]] *[[Benteng Chinese]] *[[Cocos Malays]] *[[Mardijker people|Mardijker]] }} | date = 2000 census | ref = e18 | familycolor = Creole | fam1 = [[Malay trade and creole languages|Malay-based creole]] | dia1 = Bekasi | dia2 = Cikarang | dia3 = Depok | dia4 = Parung | dia5 = Serpong | dia6 = Tangerang | iso3 = bew | glotto = beta1252 | glottorefname = Betawi }} '''Jaku Betawi''', dikelala mega enggau nama '''Jaku Melayu Betawi''', '''Melayu Jakarta''', tauka '''Melayu Batavia''', jaku ke dikena [[bansa Betawi]] ba [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]. Jaku asal engka 5 juta iku orang; penyampau ti tepat tusah deka ditemu ketegal guna nama ti enda tentu terang. Jaku Melayu Betawi nya sebengkah jaku enda formal ti tebilang di Indonesia kontemporari, dikena nyadi pelasar jaku slang Indonesia lalu suah disebut dalam sinetron TV Jakarta enggau sekeda kartun animasyen (baka ''[[Adit Sopo Jarwo]]'').<ref>{{Cite conference |page=194 |first1=John |last1=Bowden |title=Towards an account of information structure in Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian |url=http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/handle/10108/75995 |conference=Proceedings of the International Workshop on Information Structure of Austronesian Languages, 10 April 2014 |publisher=Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies}}</ref> Nama "Betawi" datai ari leka jaku [[Jakarta|Batavia]], nama rasmi Jakarta maya jeman Hindia Belanda. Jaku Indonesia Kolokial Jakarta, siti tukuh vernakular jaku Indonesia ti udah ngerembai ari Jakarta ngagai kandang menua Jawa ti besai lalu nganti dialek Melayu ti udah bisi, bepun ari jaku Melayu Betawi. Nitihku Uri Tadmor, nadai sempadan ti terang mida Jaku Indonesia Kolokial Jakarta enggau Jaku Melayu Betawi.<ref>{{Citation |last=Kozok |first=Uli |title=Indonesian Native Speakers – Myth and Reality |url=https://indonesian-online.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Native-Speakers.pdf |page=15 |year=2016}}</ref> == Penerang == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] 47hrwd0yr07gayrnl8dmye8yery7vw5 Jaku Iban 0 1511 10135 7953 2024-11-25T14:27:32Z Song GK 9 10135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Jaku Iban | altname = | states = [[Brunei]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]] | region = [[Borneo]] | speakers = 2,450,000 | ethnicity = [[Iban]] | date = 2019 | ref = e18 | speakers2 = 1,900,000 [[L2 speakers]] ba Malaysia (2019)<ref name=e18/> | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] | fam3 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] | fam4 = [[Jaku-jaku Ibanik|Ibanik]] | script = [[Urup Latin|Latin]], [[Urup Dunging|Dunging]] | iso2 = iba | iso3 = iba | glotto = iban1264 | glottorefname = Iban | agency = *Yayasan Tun Jugah<ref name="Su Hie 2021"/> *Menteri Pelajar Malaysia<ref name="Shin 2021"/> *Yayasan Main Asal Dayak<ref name="Shin 2021"/> }} '''Jaku Iban''' ianya siti jaku ti dikena orang Iban, siti ari bansa [[Dayak]], ti diau ba [[Sarawak]] ([[Malaysia]]), [[Brunei]] enggau [[Kalimantan Barat]], ([[Indonesia]]). Jaku tu di baruh bansa jaku-jaku Malayic, siti ari bansa jaku Malayo-Polynesian, pampang ari [[Jaku-jaku Austronesia|jaku Austronesia]]. Bisi pemayuh 1.4 juta urang ba Borneo tu ulih bejaku ngena jaku Iban. Jaku Iban udah manggai ba renggat nyadi [[jaku koiné]] di Sarawak berindik ari kaul enggau raban ti ngena jaku Iban bukai ti bekaul dalam nengeri tu.<ref name="Shin 2021">{{Cite journal |last=Shin |first=Chong |date=2021-05-07 |title=Iban as a koine language in Sarawak |url=https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/wacana/vol22/iss1/6 |journal=Wacana |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=102 |doi=10.17510/wacana.v22i1.985 |issn=2407-6899|doi-access=free }}</ref> Iya dipadu ba Tikas 5 (i.e. "likun") ari sukut pemunas ba Skala Pengangguan Antara Rebak Bergred Ditambah (EGIDS).<ref name="Su Hie 2021"/> Ba taun 2024, jaku Iban dipasukka dalam [[Google Translate]] lalu nyadi momen besejarah ketegal jaku tu jaku Borneo keterubah iya direjister ngagai Google Translate sereta nyadi jaku ba Malaysia keterubah direjister ngagai iya kelimpah ari [[jaku Melayu]].<ref name="Google"/> == Sejarah == Jaku Iban dikena bansa urang Iban, siti ari raban bansa Dayak (urang asal Borneo). Sebedau tu, maya jeman kolonial suba, bansa Iban ditujuka enggau leka jaku "Dayak Laut" tauka "Sea Dayak". Jaku Iban tu bisi sebaka enggau Jaku Laut (Melayu), kelebih agi jaku Laut Sarawak ([[Jaku Melayu Sarawak|Melayu Sarawak]]). Sida ngumbai asal jaku-jaku Malayic ianya ari Borneo Barat, endur jaku Ibanic agi mengkang. Rampang jaku Malayan ngarika pemai kedua, angka ari Sumatera Tengah tang bisi dipelaba ari Borneo.<ref>Bellwood, Peter; Fox, James J.; Tryon, Darrell (eds.). ''The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives''. Canberra: ANU Press. doi:10.22459/a.09.2006. ISBN <bdi>978-1-920942-85-4</bdi>.</ref> Diatu jaku Iban dipelajar ba endur pesisir ti didiau mayuh urang Iban<ref>http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/03/01/nanta-iban-a-language-for-learning/#ixzz3lPO9zaiq</ref>, ianya Baleh (Kapit), [[Betong]], [[Sri Aman]], Saratok, Lubok Antu, Pelagus (Kapit), Pakan enggau Julau. Ba nengeri besai baka [[Kuching]], sekula ti ngajar jaku Iban amat mimit. Nya ketegal pengurang bala pengajar ti ulih ngajar jaku Iban. Taja pan pia, pemelajar ulih ngambi Jaku Iban ba peresa SPM enggau PT3 (Pom 1-3).<ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/utusan-borneo-sarawak/20170618/281874413397872 Bup Latih Sistem Jaku Iban Pom 1-3 udah berengkah dijual] Dikeluarka Utusan Borneo ba 18 Jun 2017.</ref> Penulung Direktor, Opis Pelajar Nengeri Sarawak Graman Ringi madahka, sistem sepil jaku Iban patut distandardka sida dibacha pengajar ba sekula, gawa dalam media enggau tulis bup bukai.<ref> [https://tvstv.my/2023/02/04/iban-bisi-bup-chuan-jaku-ti-standard-enggau-patut-dititih/ Iban bisi bup chuan jaku ti standard enggau patut dititih] Dikeluarka TV Sarawak ba 4 Februari 2023. Diarkibka maya [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329100753/https://tvstv.my/2023/02/04/iban-bisi-bup-chuan-jaku-ti-standard-enggau-patut-dititih/ 29 Mac 2023]</ref> == Dialek Jaku Iban == Orang Iban ulih dibagi ke beberapa buah rampang pelilih menua dini sida diau. Pelilih menua nya bisi empu dialek ti bebida. Jaku formal Iban diambi ari dialek Saribas-Betong, ti dikena dalam sekula enggau sekeda opis. Taja pia, dialek baka dialek Balau, [[Jaku Iban Sebuyau|Sebuyau]], Ulu Ai, and Rejang ulih diperetika urang Iban ti diau ba Sarawak. Mina dialek Remun/Milikin ti enda ulih diperetika, tang ulih ga dipereti urang ti diau semak enggau pelilih menua ti ngena jaku Iban Remun<ref>http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14105/</ref> ianya Serian enngau Simunjan. Ba Kalimantan Barat, sida ngena dialek Bugau, Seberuang, Mualang, Chengkang, Sebaru, tauka Dau. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Dialek Iban !Pelilh Menua |- |Sebuyau |Lundu (Sarawak), Samarahan (Sarawak) |- |Remun |Serian (Sarawak), Simunjan (Sarawak) |- |Balau |Sri Aman (Sarawak) |- |Saribas (formal) |Betong (Sarawak), Saratok (Sarawak), Sarikei (Sarawak) |- |Undup |Batang Undup (Sarawak) |- |Ulu Ai |Lubok Antu (Sarawak) |- |Rajang |Sarikei, Sibu, Kapit, Belaga, Song, Bintulu, Miri (Sarawak) |- |Mualang |Sekadau (Kalimantan Barat), Sintang (Kalimantan Barat) |} == Fonologi == === Konsonan === Tu inventori konsonan ti dikembuan Jaku Iban:<ref>https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29481/</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! !Labial !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Glottal |- !Nasal ! |m |n |ɲ |ŋ | |- ! rowspan="2" |Plosive/ Affricate !nadai bunyi |p |t |tʃ |k | rowspan="2" |ʔ |- !bebunyi |b |d |dʒ |ɡ |- !Fricative ! | |s | | |h |- !Lateral ! | |l | | | |- !Rhotic ! | |r | | | |- !Approximant ! |w | | | |} === Vokal === Jaku Iban ngembuan sistem enam vokal, ti bisi lima vokal penting enngau schwa:<ref><nowiki>https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29481/</nowiki></ref> {| class="wikitable" ! !Rintai !Tengah !Belakang |- !Rapat |i | |u |- !Tengah |e |ə |o |- !Buka | |a |} == Sistem Sepil == === Urup Konsonan === Jaku Iban ngembuan dua puluh tiga urup konsonan. <ref name=":0">http://www.ibandictionary.com/</ref>Ari dua puluh tiga urup konsonan nya, bisi enam belas urup konsonan tulin: '''b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z''' enggau dua urup konsonan turu: '''ng, ny''' dikena ngelai munyi asal dalam jaku Iban. Dalam jaku Iban, konsonan c dilambang ngena konsonan turu '''ch''' kena ngayanka identiti enggau penulin jaku Iban. Ke limpah ari nya, konsonan '''c, f, q, v, x''' enggau '''z''' ditaga kena nyepil jaku injau. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Urup !Lambang !Ba Pun !Ba Tengah !Ba Ujung |- |b |b |'''b'''atu |sa<u>b</u>ut |ba<u>b</u> |- |c |ch |'''ch'''abut |ba<u>ch</u>a | - |- |d |d |'''d'''apur |pu<u>d</u>a |aba<u>d</u> |- |f |f |'''f'''osil |sul'''f'''ur |tari'''f''' |- |g |g |'''g'''erah |a'''g'''i |be'''g''' |- |h |h |<u>h</u>ari |se'''h'''ari |ruma'''h''' |- |j |j |<u>j</u>ari |ga'''j'''i |kole'''j''' |- |k |k |<u>k</u>ami |a'''k'''u |panda'''k''' |- |l |l |<u>l</u>ima |ma'''l'''am |tika'''l''' |- |m |m |<u>m</u>anuk |a'''m'''at |kasa'''m''' |- |n |n |<u>n</u>adai |ta'''n'''ah |ika'''n''' |- |p |p |<u>p</u>inta |a'''p'''ai |asa'''p''' |- |q |q |<u>q</u>uran | - | - |- |r |r |<u>r</u>aban |ke'''r'''a |pancha'''r''' |- |s |s |<u>s</u>inu |a'''s'''uh |pana'''s''' |- |t |t |<u>t</u>anchang |ke'''t'''up |seku'''t''' |- |v |v |<u>v</u>itamin |uni'''v'''ersiti | - |- |w |w |<u>w</u>ai |la'''w'''a | - |- |x |x |<u>x</u>eroks | - | - |- |y |y |<u>y</u>u |a'''y'''uk |x-ra'''y''' |- |z |z |<u>z</u>oo |pla'''z'''a |kui'''z''' |- |ng |ng |<u>ng</u>ajat |a'''ng'''at |pisa'''ng''' |- |ny |ny |<u>ny</u>amuk |a'''ny'''ut | - |} === Urup Vokal === Enti diperatika ari segi linguistik, jaku Iban ngembuan enam urup vokal: '''a, e (pepet), e (taling), i, o,''' enggau '''u.'''<ref name=":0" /> Taja pia, enam urup vokal tu semina ditanda ngena lima iti lambang aja laban e (pepet) enggau e (taling) sama aja ngena lambang e. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Urup !Lambang !Di Mua !Di Tengah !Di Belakang |- |a |a |'''a'''pi |t'''a'''li |jag'''a''' |- |e pepet |e |'''e'''mpai |s'''e'''pan | - |- |e taling |e | - | - |chir'''e''' |- |i |i |'''i'''rau |d'''i'''nga |mal'''i''' |- |o |o |'''o'''ksigen |k'''o'''ma |chunt'''o''' |- |u |u |'''u'''bi |may'''u'''h |chir'''u''' |} === Urup Diftong === Diftong nya urup vokal berimbai dua ti disebut nyai siti munyi. Dalam jaku Iban, bisi tiga keja diftong: '''ai, au''' enggau '''ui''' ti diengkah ba ujung leka jaku. Taja pan pia, dalam jaku injau, bisi sekeda urup diftong ti bisi ditemu ba pun tauka tengah leka jaku. Chunto: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Urup Diftong !Di belakang |- |ai |pul'''ai''' |- |au |tik'''au''' |- |ui |sungk'''ui''' |} == Sistem Jaku Iban == === Jaku Ganti Nama === Jaku ganti nama dikena nganti jaku nama. Guna jaku ganti nama nya dikena nyeliahka kitai nyebut nama orang, utai tauka tempat dua tiga kali lebuh bejaku. ==== Jaku Ganti Nama Orang ==== Jaku ganti nama orang dikena nganti orang ti ditujuka. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Bansa Jaku Ganti Nama !Penerang !Chunto |- |Jaku ganti nama orang kesatu |Dikena nganti nama orang ti bejaku |aku, kami, kitai |- |Jaku ganti nama orang kedua |Dikena nganti nama orang ti enggau kitai berandau |nuan, dik, seduai, kita |- |Jaku ganti nama orang ketiga |Dikena nganti orang ti dikenang lebuh orang berandau |iya, sida |- |Jaku ganti nama orang pengempu |Dikena nganti nama orang ke ngempu |engku, engkami, engkitai, ngedik |} ==== Jaku Ganti Nama Penunjuk ==== Bisi tiga leka jaku ganti nama penunjuk, iya nya, '''tu, nya,''' enggau '''nyin.''' Leka jaku ganti nama penunjuk ''tu'' dikena nunjukka utai ti semak sereta ulih tegu. Leka jaku ganti nama penunjuk ''nya'' nganti utai ti enda berapa jauh ari orang ke bejaku. Jaku ganti nama penunjuk ''nyin'' dikena nganti nama utai ke ditunjuk ti jauh ari orang ke bejaku. Tu penuduk jaku ganti nama penunjuk ti nyadi subjek ayat: # ''Tu'' nembiak laki. # ''Nya'' buah rian. # ''Nyin'' rumah panjai iya. Enti iya dikena nentuka siti-siti pekara, jaku tu tau mega diengkah ba belakang jaku nama. # Nembiak laki ''tu'' pandak. # Sekula ''nya'' tutup. # Bukit ''nyin'' tinggi ==== Jaku Ganti Nama Tempat ==== Jaku ganti nama tempat dikena nganti nama endur ti ditunjuk. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Jaku Ganti Nama Tempat !Penerang !Chunto Ayat |- |Ditu |Dikena nganti endur ti semak orang ti bejaku |Aku diau ''ditu'' suba. |- |Dia |Dikena nyebut endur ti enda bangat jauh ari orang ti bejaku |''Dia'' bisi orang bejual buah. |- |Din |Dikena nunjukka endur ti jauh |Iya enda datai ''din.'' |} ==== Jaku Ganti Nama Adap ==== Jaku ganti nama adap dikena nunjukka endur, kuing, enggau tunga pemindah sesebengkah utai, mensia tauka jelu. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Jaku Ganti Nama Adap !Penerang !Chunto Ayat |- |Kitu |Nunjukka adap ti semak enggau orang ti bejaku |''Kitu'' gik nuan |- |Kia |Nunjukka adap ti enda bangat jauh ari orang ti bejaku |Jugah nadai kala nemuai ''kia.'' |- |Kin |Nunjukka adap ti jauh ari orang ke bejaku |Lagi ''kin'' bala kita. |} === Penambah pun, ujung enngau apit jaku === Penambah pun dikena ngubah ke reti asal jaku nyadi reti bukai. ==== Penambah pun ==== Chunto: {| class="wikitable" |+Penambah pun nyadi jaku nama !Penambah pun !Jaku Tumbuh |- |pe- |'''pe'''jaku, '''pe'''jalai, '''pe'''chunggai |- |pen- |'''pen'''inga (dinga) |- |peng- |'''peng'''ereja (kereja), '''peng'''ingat, '''peng'''erindang (merindang) |- |penge- |'''penge'''laban, '''penge'''lap, '''penge'''raja |- |pem- |'''pem'''ula (bula), '''pem'''erani (berani), '''pem'''acha (bacha) |- |peny- |'''peny'''arut (charut), '''peny'''enang (senang), '''peny'''arang (sarang) |- |per- |'''per'''anak |- |pel- |'''pel'''ajar |- |ke- |'''ke'''dua, '''ke'''lima, '''ke'''lapan |- |se- |'''se'''menua, '''se'''jalai, '''se'''bilik |} {| class="wikitable" |+Penambah pun nyadi jaku pengawa !Penambah pun !Jaku tumbuh |- |b- |'''b'''ulih, '''b'''umai |- |be- |'''be'''bini, '''be'''dandung, '''be'''main |- |bel- |'''bel'''ajar |- |ber- |'''ber'''ubat, '''ber'''imbai, '''ber'''asai |- |bes- |'''bes'''udah, '''bes'''undang |- |bete- |'''bete'''garing, '''bete'''kaung, '''bete'''giu |- |di- |'''di'''kumbai, '''di'''aru, '''di'''dinga |- |dike- |'''dike'''angkun, '''dike'''mula (bula) |- |dipe- |'''dipe'''rindang |- |diper- |'''diper'''antu, '''diper'''ubat, '''diper'''imba |- |em- |'''em'''pakap, '''em'''pekak, '''em'''pelekang |- |eng- |'''eng'''kasak, '''eng'''kejuk, '''eng'''kanjung |- |en- |'''en'''tupang, '''en'''tali, '''en'''tanjar |- |ke- |'''ke'''amat, '''ke'''seliah, '''ke'''tusah |- |kem- |'''kem'''erat (berat), '''kem'''esai (besai) |- |m- |'''m'''ukut (bukut), '''m'''erau (perau), '''m'''engap (pengap) |} == Sistem Tulis == Jeman moden tu, jaku Iban ditulis ngena urup Latin. Taja pia, jaku Iban pan bisi ngembuan sistem tulis kediri ti dikumbai [[Urup Dunging]].<ref>https://www.omniglot.com/writing/iban.htm</ref> Urup Dunging tu ditusun Dunging anak Gunggu, ti ngena lima belas taun ari taun 1947 nyentuk taun 1962 kena tusun skrip tu.<ref>http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/06/20/long-lost-iban-alphabet-script-found/</ref> Nitihka cherita lama, dua puluh rebak ti sebedau tu, engkau 400 ke 600 taun ti suba, Renggi bisi nyusun siti sistem tulis, tang udah lenyau kena ampuh bah. Sistem tulis Dunging tu udah dikeluarka tang sistem tulis nya enda dikena bala mayuh. Apin lama ti udah, Dr. Bromeley Philip ari Universiti Teknologi Mara meransang pengena skrip tu. Iya udah ngaga font digital, program pengajar enggau transkrip pantun lama Iban. Ba taun 2010, Dr Bromeley Phillip udah ngaga fon komputer kena urup Iban, dikumbai LaserIban. Tuju iya deka nulung ngetanka urup Iban ba dalam gaya digital ba dunya moden tu. LaserIban tu bisi dalam komputer Windows enggau Macintosh.<ref>https://phys.org/news/2015-05-reviving-iban-alphabet.html</ref> == Bup Sereba Reti == Bup sereba reti jaku Iban-English keterubah enggau nama ''[[s:A Sea Dyak Dictionary|A Sea Dyak Dictionary]]'' dikeluarka Rev. William Howell enggau siku pegawai Brooke, D.J.S. Bailey. Bup tu endang beguna ba pengerembai tumu jaku Iban nyadi jaku betulis.<ref name="Comprehensive dictionary">{{Cite journal |last1=Clifford |first1=Sather |title=A Comprehensive Iban-English Dictionary. |journal=Borneo Research Bulletin |date=2016 |volume=47 |pages=256–261 |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+Comprehensive+Iban-English+Dictionary.-a0503262457 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107101415/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+Comprehensive+Iban-English+Dictionary.-a0503262457 |access-date=7 January 2024|archive-date=2024-01-07 }}</ref> ''A Comprehensive Iban-English Dictionary'', digaga The Dayak Cultural Foundation enggau The Tun Jugah Foundation maya taun 2016, ke ngembuan 31,000 entri sereta dalam 1900 iti lambar.<ref name="Comprehensive dictionary"/> <ref>{{Cite news |last1=David |first1=Jacqueline R. |title=Jaku Iban agi idup, majak mansang ketegal penyiru |url=https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2016/09/08/jaku-iban-agi-idup-majak-mansang-ketegal-penyiru |access-date=22 August 2024 |publisher=Berita Harian |date=8 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822021129/https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2016/09/08/jaku-iban-agi-idup-majak-mansang-ketegal-penyiru |archive-date=22 August 2024}}</ref> Bup sereba reti jaku Iban-Melayu digaga [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] (DBP), maya taun 1989. Edisyen kedua digaga maya taun 2015. Bup tu ngembuan 11,530 entri enggau 9,710 subentri.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Bahaudin |first1=Nurul Hidayah |title=Unik dan kepentingan kamus Iban - Melayu (The uniqueness and the importance of the Iban-Malay dictionary) |url=https://www.bharian.com.my/bhplus-old/2015/12/106635/unik-dan-kepentingan-kamus-iban-melayu |access-date=7 January 2024 |publisher=Berita Harian |date=20 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824123038/https://www.bharian.com.my/bhplus-old/2015/12/106635/unik-dan-kepentingan-kamus-iban-melayu |archive-date=24 August 2020}}</ref> == Penerang == <references /> [[Kategori:Jaku]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Sarawak]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Jaku_Iban}} __FORCETOC__ pwcl8b8skscnpz9ye5lny2sj2fyciwb 10154 10135 2024-11-26T09:03:44Z Song GK 9 10154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Jaku Iban | altname = | states = [[Brunei]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]] | region = [[Borneo]] | speakers = 2,450,000 | ethnicity = [[Iban]] | date = 2019 | ref = e18 | speakers2 = 1,900,000 [[L2 speakers]] ba Malaysia (2019)<ref name=e18/> | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] | fam3 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] | fam4 = [[Jaku-jaku Ibanik|Ibanik]] | script = [[Urup Latin|Latin]], [[Urup Dunging|Dunging]] | iso2 = iba | iso3 = iba | glotto = iban1264 | glottorefname = Iban | agency = *Yayasan Tun Jugah<ref name="Su Hie 2021"/> *Menteri Pelajar Malaysia<ref name="Shin 2021"/> *Yayasan Main Asal Dayak<ref name="Shin 2021"/> }} '''Jaku Iban''' ianya siti jaku ti dikena orang Iban, siti ari bansa [[Dayak]], ti diau ba [[Sarawak]] ([[Malaysia]]), [[Brunei]] enggau [[Kalimantan Barat]], ([[Indonesia]]). Jaku tu di baruh bansa jaku-jaku Malayic, siti ari bansa jaku Malayo-Polynesian, pampang ari [[Jaku-jaku Austronesia|jaku Austronesia]]. Bisi pemayuh 1.4 juta urang ba Borneo tu ulih bejaku ngena jaku Iban. Jaku Iban udah manggai ba renggat nyadi [[jaku koiné]] di Sarawak berindik ari kaul enggau raban ti ngena jaku Iban bukai ti bekaul dalam nengeri tu.<ref name="Shin 2021">{{Cite journal |last=Shin |first=Chong |date=2021-05-07 |title=Iban as a koine language in Sarawak |url=https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/wacana/vol22/iss1/6 |journal=Wacana |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=102 |doi=10.17510/wacana.v22i1.985 |issn=2407-6899|doi-access=free }}</ref> Iya dipadu ba Tikas 5 (i.e. "likun") ari sukut pemunas ba Skala Pengangguan Antara Rebak Bergred Ditambah (EGIDS).<ref name="Su Hie 2021"/> Ba taun 2024, jaku Iban dipasukka dalam [[Google Translate]] lalu nyadi momen besejarah ketegal jaku tu jaku Borneo keterubah iya direjister ngagai Google Translate sereta nyadi jaku ba Malaysia keterubah direjister ngagai iya kelimpah ari [[jaku Melayu]].<ref name="Google"/> == Sejarah == Jaku Iban dikena bansa urang Iban, siti ari raban bansa Dayak (urang asal Borneo). Sebedau tu, maya jeman kolonial suba, bansa Iban ditujuka enggau leka jaku "Dayak Laut" tauka "Sea Dayak". Jaku Iban tu bisi sebaka enggau Jaku Laut (Melayu), kelebih agi jaku Laut Sarawak ([[Jaku Melayu Sarawak|Melayu Sarawak]]). Sida ngumbai asal jaku-jaku Malayic ianya ari Borneo Barat, endur jaku Ibanic agi mengkang. Rampang jaku Malayan ngarika pemai kedua, angka ari Sumatera Tengah tang bisi dipelaba ari Borneo.<ref>Bellwood, Peter; Fox, James J.; Tryon, Darrell (eds.). ''The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives''. Canberra: ANU Press. doi:10.22459/a.09.2006. ISBN <bdi>978-1-920942-85-4</bdi>.</ref> Diatu jaku Iban dipelajar ba endur pesisir ti didiau mayuh urang Iban<ref>http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/03/01/nanta-iban-a-language-for-learning/#ixzz3lPO9zaiq</ref>, ianya Baleh (Kapit), [[Betong]], [[Sri Aman]], Saratok, Lubok Antu, Pelagus (Kapit), Pakan enggau Julau. Ba nengeri besai baka [[Kuching]], sekula ti ngajar jaku Iban amat mimit. Nya ketegal pengurang bala pengajar ti ulih ngajar jaku Iban. Taja pan pia, pemelajar ulih ngambi Jaku Iban ba peresa SPM enggau PT3 (Pom 1-3).<ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/utusan-borneo-sarawak/20170618/281874413397872 Bup Latih Sistem Jaku Iban Pom 1-3 udah berengkah dijual] Dikeluarka Utusan Borneo ba 18 Jun 2017.</ref> Penulung Direktor, Opis Pelajar Nengeri Sarawak Graman Ringi madahka, sistem sepil jaku Iban patut distandardka sida dibacha pengajar ba sekula, gawa dalam media enggau tulis bup bukai.<ref> [https://tvstv.my/2023/02/04/iban-bisi-bup-chuan-jaku-ti-standard-enggau-patut-dititih/ Iban bisi bup chuan jaku ti standard enggau patut dititih] Dikeluarka TV Sarawak ba 4 Februari 2023. Diarkibka maya [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329100753/https://tvstv.my/2023/02/04/iban-bisi-bup-chuan-jaku-ti-standard-enggau-patut-dititih/ 29 Mac 2023]</ref> == Dialek Jaku Iban == Orang Iban ulih dibagi ke beberapa buah rampang pelilih menua dini sida diau. Pelilih menua nya bisi empu dialek ti bebida. Jaku formal Iban diambi ari dialek Saribas-Betong, ti dikena dalam sekula enggau sekeda opis. Taja pia, dialek baka dialek Balau, [[Jaku Iban Sebuyau|Sebuyau]], Ulu Ai, and Rejang ulih diperetika urang Iban ti diau ba Sarawak. Mina dialek Remun/Milikin ti enda ulih diperetika, tang ulih ga dipereti urang ti diau semak enggau pelilih menua ti ngena jaku Iban Remun<ref>http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14105/</ref> ianya Serian enngau Simunjan. Ba Kalimantan Barat, sida ngena dialek Bugau, Seberuang, Mualang, Chengkang, Sebaru, tauka Dau. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Dialek Iban !Pelilh Menua |- |Sebuyau |Lundu (Sarawak), Samarahan (Sarawak) |- |Remun |Serian (Sarawak), Simunjan (Sarawak) |- |Balau |Sri Aman (Sarawak) |- |Saribas (formal) |Betong (Sarawak), Saratok (Sarawak), Sarikei (Sarawak) |- |Undup |Batang Undup (Sarawak) |- |Ulu Ai |Lubok Antu (Sarawak) |- |Rajang |Sarikei, Sibu, Kapit, Belaga, Song, Bintulu, Miri (Sarawak) |- |Mualang |Sekadau (Kalimantan Barat), Sintang (Kalimantan Barat) |} == Fonologi == === Konsonan === Tu inventori konsonan ti dikembuan Jaku Iban:<ref>https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29481/</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! !Labial !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Glottal |- !Nasal ! |m |n |ɲ |ŋ | |- ! rowspan="2" |Plosive/ Affricate !nadai bunyi |p |t |tʃ |k | rowspan="2" |ʔ |- !bebunyi |b |d |dʒ |ɡ |- !Fricative ! | |s | | |h |- !Lateral ! | |l | | | |- !Rhotic ! | |r | | | |- !Approximant ! |w | | | |} === Vokal === Jaku Iban ngembuan sistem enam vokal, ti bisi lima vokal penting enngau schwa:<ref><nowiki>https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29481/</nowiki></ref> {| class="wikitable" ! !Rintai !Tengah !Belakang |- !Rapat |i | |u |- !Tengah |e |ə |o |- !Buka | |a |} == Sistem Sepil == === Urup Konsonan === Jaku Iban ngembuan dua puluh tiga urup konsonan. <ref name=":0">http://www.ibandictionary.com/</ref>Ari dua puluh tiga urup konsonan nya, bisi enam belas urup konsonan tulin: '''b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z''' enggau dua urup konsonan turu: '''ng, ny''' dikena ngelai munyi asal dalam jaku Iban. Dalam jaku Iban, konsonan c dilambang ngena konsonan turu '''ch''' kena ngayanka identiti enggau penulin jaku Iban. Ke limpah ari nya, konsonan '''c, f, q, v, x''' enggau '''z''' ditaga kena nyepil jaku injau. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Urup !Lambang !Ba Pun !Ba Tengah !Ba Ujung |- |b |b |'''b'''atu |sa<u>b</u>ut |ba<u>b</u> |- |c |ch |'''ch'''abut |ba<u>ch</u>a | - |- |d |d |'''d'''apur |pu<u>d</u>a |aba<u>d</u> |- |f |f |'''f'''osil |sul'''f'''ur |tari'''f''' |- |g |g |'''g'''erah |a'''g'''i |be'''g''' |- |h |h |<u>h</u>ari |se'''h'''ari |ruma'''h''' |- |j |j |<u>j</u>ari |ga'''j'''i |kole'''j''' |- |k |k |<u>k</u>ami |a'''k'''u |panda'''k''' |- |l |l |<u>l</u>ima |ma'''l'''am |tika'''l''' |- |m |m |<u>m</u>anuk |a'''m'''at |kasa'''m''' |- |n |n |<u>n</u>adai |ta'''n'''ah |ika'''n''' |- |p |p |<u>p</u>inta |a'''p'''ai |asa'''p''' |- |q |q |<u>q</u>uran | - | - |- |r |r |<u>r</u>aban |ke'''r'''a |pancha'''r''' |- |s |s |<u>s</u>inu |a'''s'''uh |pana'''s''' |- |t |t |<u>t</u>anchang |ke'''t'''up |seku'''t''' |- |v |v |<u>v</u>itamin |uni'''v'''ersiti | - |- |w |w |<u>w</u>ai |la'''w'''a | - |- |x |x |<u>x</u>eroks | - | - |- |y |y |<u>y</u>u |a'''y'''uk |x-ra'''y''' |- |z |z |<u>z</u>oo |pla'''z'''a |kui'''z''' |- |ng |ng |<u>ng</u>ajat |a'''ng'''at |pisa'''ng''' |- |ny |ny |<u>ny</u>amuk |a'''ny'''ut | - |} === Urup Vokal === Enti diperatika ari segi linguistik, jaku Iban ngembuan enam urup vokal: '''a, e (pepet), e (taling), i, o,''' enggau '''u.'''<ref name=":0" /> Taja pia, enam urup vokal tu semina ditanda ngena lima iti lambang aja laban e (pepet) enggau e (taling) sama aja ngena lambang e. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Urup !Lambang !Di Mua !Di Tengah !Di Belakang |- |a |a |'''a'''pi |t'''a'''li |jag'''a''' |- |e pepet |e |'''e'''mpai |s'''e'''pan | - |- |e taling |e | - | - |chir'''e''' |- |i |i |'''i'''rau |d'''i'''nga |mal'''i''' |- |o |o |'''o'''ksigen |k'''o'''ma |chunt'''o''' |- |u |u |'''u'''bi |may'''u'''h |chir'''u''' |} === Urup Diftong === Diftong nya urup vokal berimbai dua ti disebut nyai siti munyi. Dalam jaku Iban, bisi tiga keja diftong: '''ai, au''' enggau '''ui''' ti diengkah ba ujung leka jaku. Taja pan pia, dalam jaku injau, bisi sekeda urup diftong ti bisi ditemu ba pun tauka tengah leka jaku. Chunto: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Urup Diftong !Di belakang |- |ai |pul'''ai''' |- |au |tik'''au''' |- |ui |sungk'''ui''' |} == Sistem Jaku Iban == === Jaku Ganti Nama === Jaku ganti nama dikena nganti jaku nama. Guna jaku ganti nama nya dikena nyeliahka kitai nyebut nama orang, utai tauka tempat dua tiga kali lebuh bejaku. ==== Jaku Ganti Nama Orang ==== Jaku ganti nama orang dikena nganti orang ti ditujuka. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Bansa Jaku Ganti Nama !Penerang !Chunto |- |Jaku ganti nama orang kesatu |Dikena nganti nama orang ti bejaku |aku, kami, kitai |- |Jaku ganti nama orang kedua |Dikena nganti nama orang ti enggau kitai berandau |nuan, dik, seduai, kita |- |Jaku ganti nama orang ketiga |Dikena nganti orang ti dikenang lebuh orang berandau |iya, sida |- |Jaku ganti nama orang pengempu |Dikena nganti nama orang ke ngempu |engku, engkami, engkitai, ngedik |} ==== Jaku Ganti Nama Penunjuk ==== Bisi tiga leka jaku ganti nama penunjuk, iya nya, '''tu, nya,''' enggau '''nyin.''' Leka jaku ganti nama penunjuk ''tu'' dikena nunjukka utai ti semak sereta ulih tegu. Leka jaku ganti nama penunjuk ''nya'' nganti utai ti enda berapa jauh ari orang ke bejaku. Jaku ganti nama penunjuk ''nyin'' dikena nganti nama utai ke ditunjuk ti jauh ari orang ke bejaku. Tu penuduk jaku ganti nama penunjuk ti nyadi subjek ayat: # ''Tu'' nembiak laki. # ''Nya'' buah rian. # ''Nyin'' rumah panjai iya. Enti iya dikena nentuka siti-siti pekara, jaku tu tau mega diengkah ba belakang jaku nama. # Nembiak laki ''tu'' pandak. # Sekula ''nya'' tutup. # Bukit ''nyin'' tinggi ==== Jaku Ganti Nama Tempat ==== Jaku ganti nama tempat dikena nganti nama endur ti ditunjuk. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Jaku Ganti Nama Tempat !Penerang !Chunto Ayat |- |Ditu |Dikena nganti endur ti semak orang ti bejaku |Aku diau ''ditu'' suba. |- |Dia |Dikena nyebut endur ti enda bangat jauh ari orang ti bejaku |''Dia'' bisi orang bejual buah. |- |Din |Dikena nunjukka endur ti jauh |Iya enda datai ''din.'' |} ==== Jaku Ganti Nama Adap ==== Jaku ganti nama adap dikena nunjukka endur, kuing, enggau tunga pemindah sesebengkah utai, mensia tauka jelu. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Jaku Ganti Nama Adap !Penerang !Chunto Ayat |- |Kitu |Nunjukka adap ti semak enggau orang ti bejaku |''Kitu'' gik nuan |- |Kia |Nunjukka adap ti enda bangat jauh ari orang ti bejaku |Jugah nadai kala nemuai ''kia.'' |- |Kin |Nunjukka adap ti jauh ari orang ke bejaku |Lagi ''kin'' bala kita. |} === Penambah pun, ujung enngau apit jaku === Penambah pun dikena ngubah ke reti asal jaku nyadi reti bukai. ==== Penambah pun ==== Chunto: {| class="wikitable" |+Penambah pun nyadi jaku nama !Penambah pun !Jaku Tumbuh |- |pe- |'''pe'''jaku, '''pe'''jalai, '''pe'''chunggai |- |pen- |'''pen'''inga (dinga) |- |peng- |'''peng'''ereja (kereja), '''peng'''ingat, '''peng'''erindang (merindang) |- |penge- |'''penge'''laban, '''penge'''lap, '''penge'''raja |- |pem- |'''pem'''ula (bula), '''pem'''erani (berani), '''pem'''acha (bacha) |- |peny- |'''peny'''arut (charut), '''peny'''enang (senang), '''peny'''arang (sarang) |- |per- |'''per'''anak |- |pel- |'''pel'''ajar |- |ke- |'''ke'''dua, '''ke'''lima, '''ke'''lapan |- |se- |'''se'''menua, '''se'''jalai, '''se'''bilik |} {| class="wikitable" |+Penambah pun nyadi jaku pengawa !Penambah pun !Jaku tumbuh |- |b- |'''b'''ulih, '''b'''umai |- |be- |'''be'''bini, '''be'''dandung, '''be'''main |- |bel- |'''bel'''ajar |- |ber- |'''ber'''ubat, '''ber'''imbai, '''ber'''asai |- |bes- |'''bes'''udah, '''bes'''undang |- |bete- |'''bete'''garing, '''bete'''kaung, '''bete'''giu |- |di- |'''di'''kumbai, '''di'''aru, '''di'''dinga |- |dike- |'''dike'''angkun, '''dike'''mula (bula) |- |dipe- |'''dipe'''rindang |- |diper- |'''diper'''antu, '''diper'''ubat, '''diper'''imba |- |em- |'''em'''pakap, '''em'''pekak, '''em'''pelekang |- |eng- |'''eng'''kasak, '''eng'''kejuk, '''eng'''kanjung |- |en- |'''en'''tupang, '''en'''tali, '''en'''tanjar |- |ke- |'''ke'''amat, '''ke'''seliah, '''ke'''tusah |- |kem- |'''kem'''erat (berat), '''kem'''esai (besai) |- |m- |'''m'''ukut (bukut), '''m'''erau (perau), '''m'''engap (pengap) |} == Sistem Tulis == Jeman moden tu, jaku Iban ditulis ngena urup Latin. Taja pia, jaku Iban pan bisi ngembuan sistem tulis kediri ti dikumbai [[Urup Dunging]].<ref>https://www.omniglot.com/writing/iban.htm</ref> Urup Dunging tu ditusun Dunging anak Gunggu, ti ngena lima belas taun ari taun 1947 nyentuk taun 1962 kena tusun skrip tu.<ref>http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/06/20/long-lost-iban-alphabet-script-found/</ref> Nitihka cherita lama, dua puluh rebak ti sebedau tu, engkau 400 ke 600 taun ti suba, Renggi bisi nyusun siti sistem tulis, tang udah lenyau kena ampuh bah. Sistem tulis Dunging tu udah dikeluarka tang sistem tulis nya enda dikena bala mayuh. Apin lama ti udah, Dr. Bromeley Philip ari Universiti Teknologi Mara meransang pengena skrip tu. Iya udah ngaga font digital, program pengajar enggau transkrip pantun lama Iban. Ba taun 2010, Dr Bromeley Phillip udah ngaga fon komputer kena urup Iban, dikumbai LaserIban. Tuju iya deka nulung ngetanka urup Iban ba dalam gaya digital ba dunya moden tu. LaserIban tu bisi dalam komputer Windows enggau Macintosh.<ref>https://phys.org/news/2015-05-reviving-iban-alphabet.html</ref> == Bup Sereba Reti == Bup sereba reti jaku Iban-English keterubah enggau nama ''[[s:A Sea Dyak Dictionary|A Sea Dyak Dictionary]]'' dikeluarka Rev. William Howell enggau siku pegawai Brooke, D.J.S. Bailey. Bup tu endang beguna ba pengerembai tumu jaku Iban nyadi jaku betulis.<ref name="Comprehensive dictionary">{{Cite journal |last1=Clifford |first1=Sather |title=A Comprehensive Iban-English Dictionary. |journal=Borneo Research Bulletin |date=2016 |volume=47 |pages=256–261 |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+Comprehensive+Iban-English+Dictionary.-a0503262457 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107101415/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+Comprehensive+Iban-English+Dictionary.-a0503262457 |access-date=7 January 2024|archive-date=2024-01-07 }}</ref> ''A Comprehensive Iban-English Dictionary'', digaga The Dayak Cultural Foundation enggau The Tun Jugah Foundation maya taun 2016, ke ngembuan 31,000 entri sereta dalam 1900 iti lambar.<ref name="Comprehensive dictionary"/> <ref>{{Cite news |last1=David |first1=Jacqueline R. |title=Jaku Iban agi idup, majak mansang ketegal penyiru |url=https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2016/09/08/jaku-iban-agi-idup-majak-mansang-ketegal-penyiru |access-date=22 August 2024 |publisher=Berita Harian |date=8 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822021129/https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2016/09/08/jaku-iban-agi-idup-majak-mansang-ketegal-penyiru |archive-date=22 August 2024}}</ref> Bup sereba reti jaku Iban-Melayu digaga [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] (DBP), maya taun 1989. Edisyen kedua digaga maya taun 2015. Bup tu ngembuan 11,530 entri enggau 9,710 subentri.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Bahaudin |first1=Nurul Hidayah |title=Unik dan kepentingan kamus Iban - Melayu (The uniqueness and the importance of the Iban-Malay dictionary) |url=https://www.bharian.com.my/bhplus-old/2015/12/106635/unik-dan-kepentingan-kamus-iban-melayu |access-date=7 January 2024 |publisher=Berita Harian |date=20 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824123038/https://www.bharian.com.my/bhplus-old/2015/12/106635/unik-dan-kepentingan-kamus-iban-melayu |archive-date=24 August 2020}}</ref> == Penerang == <references /> [[Kategori:Jaku-jaku Ibanik]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Sarawak]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Brunei]]{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaku_Iban}} __FORCETOC__ qmly67bf059hmmq6imudd9vy8iom7h6 Jaku Iban Sebuyau 0 1512 10156 8225 2024-11-26T09:05:12Z Song GK 9 10156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language | name = Jaku Iban Sebuyau | nativename = Iban Kua' | states = [[Malaysia]] | region = [[Asajaya]], [[Simunjan]], [[Samarahan]], [[Kuching]] enggau [[Lundu]]. | speakers = 9 000 (Wurm dan Hattori 1981) | familycolor = Austronesia | fam1 = [[Jaku-jaku Austronesia|Austronesia]] | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] | fam3 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] | fam4 = [[Jaku-jaku Ibanik|Ibanik]] | dialects = | dia1 = Ulu | dia2 = Ili | dia3 = | script = [[Urup Latin]] | rank = | agency = | iso1 = | iso2 = | iso3 = snb | iso3comment = Ditarit baru | isoexception = dialect }} '''Jaku Iban Sebuyau''' tau mega dikumbai '''Iban Kua'''' dikena ba [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]] kelebih agi ba pelilih menua [[Simunjan]], [[Asajaya]], [[Kuching]], [[Samarahan]] enggau [[Lundu]]. Iya ngembuan urung 90,000 ngagai 100,000 iku orang ke ngena jaku asal nitihka pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 2020. Jaku tu [[Jaku-jaku Austronesia|jaku Austronesia]] ti nyadi sebagi ari subraban [[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polinesia]]. == Pemida ari Jaku Iban Standard == Dalam Jaku Iban Sebuyau, urup 'r' ba leka jaku Iban Standard nyadi 'h'. Chunto: * Mirah -> mihah * Rumah -> humah Tu ripih pemida jaku Iban Sebuyau ari [[Jaku Iban|Jaku Iban Standard]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ ![[Jaku Iban|Jaku Iban Standard]] !Jaku Iban Sebuyau |- |Nuan / Dik |Kua |- |Enda |Adai |- |Pagila |Pagi |- |Lauk |Hempah |- |Nya |Nia / Tia |- |Mayuh |Muak |- |Nama kebuah / Lapa |Mentang |} [[Kategori:Jaku ba Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Sarawak]] [[Kategori:Jaku-jaku Ibanik]] lclgfg0h4oxs9tggdl2xrtkap5kf2cn Jaku Indonesia 0 1513 10126 8226 2024-11-25T14:20:49Z Song GK 9 10126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Jaku Indonesia | nativename = {{Lang|id|Bahasa Indonesia}} | pronunciation = {{IPA-id|baˈha.sa in.doˈne.si.ja|}} | states = [[Indonesia]] | region = [[Indonesia]] (as official language) <br /> Significant language speakers: [[Timor Leste]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Australia]], [[Taiwan]], [[Belanda]], [[Jipun]], [[Korea Selatan]], enggau [[Orang Indonesia ba menua bukai|ke bukai]] | ethnicity = Sepemayuh [[Ethnic groups in Indonesia|1,300 Indonesian raban bansa]] | speakers = [[First language|L1 speakers]]: {{Sigfig|42.766|2}}&nbsp;million | date = 2020 census | ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/en/publication/2023/07/18/4a49f846d0708c1fe1117b5f/population-of-indonesia-the-result-of-long-form-population-census-2020.html|title=Hasil Long Form Sensus Penduduk 2020|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistics Indonesia|access-date=27 August 2024}}</ref> | speakers2 = [[Second language|L2 speakers]]: {{Sigfig|155.93|3}}&nbsp;million (2010 census)<br /> Total speakers: 300 million (2022)<ref>{{Citation|url= https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/22527-penutur-bahasa-indonesia-capai-300-juta-jiwa|title= Penutur Bahasa Indonesia Capai 300 Juta Jiwa|date= May 2022|publisher = Gusti|language= Indonesian}}</ref> | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] | fam3 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] | fam4 = [[Jaku Melayu|Melayu]] | fam5 = | ancestor = [[Jaku Melayu Lama]] | ancestor2 = [[Jaku Melayu Klasik]] (Melayu Riau)<ref name="Cambridge University Press">{{Cite book |last1=Leitner |first1=Gerhard |last2=Hashim |first2=Azirah |last3=Wolf |first3=Hans-Georg |title=Communicating with Asia: The Future of English as a Global Language |date=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-47296-5 |page=180 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7OnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Indonesian Embassy: Astana">{{Cite web |url=http://kbri-astana.kz/id/print/10-bahasa_dan_dialek.html |title=Bahasa dan dialek |publisher=Republic of Indonesia Embassy in Astana |language=id |ref=Dari sudut pandang linguistik, bahasa Indonesia adalah salah satu dari banyak ragam bahasa Melayu. Dasar yang dipakai adalah bahasa Melayu Riau (wilayah Kepulauan Riau sekarang) dari abad ke-19. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501173049/http://kbri-astana.kz/id/print/10-bahasa_dan_dialek.html |archive-date=1 May 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Melayu Online">{{Cite web|url=http://melayuonline.com/ind/culture/dig/1349/bahasa-melayu-riau-dan-bahasa-nasional|title=Bahasa Melayu Riau dan Bahasa Nasional|publisher=Melayu Online|access-date=29 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122024301/http://melayuonline.com/ind/culture/dig/1349/bahasa-melayu-riau-dan-bahasa-nasional|archive-date=22 November 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ancestor3 = [[Jaku Melayu Pra-moden]] ([[Dutch East Indies|Netherlands Indies Malay]]/[[Balai Pustaka|Balai Pustaka Malay]]) | script = [[Urup Latin|Latin]] ([[Malay orthography|urup Indonesia]])<br />[[Grade 1 braille|Indonesian Braille]] | nation = {{Flag|Indonesia}} ---- {{Flag|UNESCO}} | minority = {{Flag|East Timor}} (Indonesian used as a working language and a trade language with [[Indonesia]])<ref name="easttimorgovernment.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.easttimorgovernment.com/languages.htm|title=East Timor Languages|website=www.easttimorgovernment.com|access-date=21 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130633/http://easttimorgovernment.com/languages.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> | agency = [[Language Development and Fostering Agency]] (Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa) | iso1 = id | iso2 = ind | iso3 = ind | lingua = 33-AFA-ac | map = Indonesian Language Map.svg | mapcaption = {{Legend|#000080|Countries of the world where Indonesian is an official, national language}} {{Legend|#8ddada|Countries where Indonesian is a minority language or working language}} | notice = IPA | sign = SIBI (Manually Coded Indonesian) <!--I think that this field is for the manually coded (signed) version/form of the spoken language, not for a sign language on its own right. BISINDO is a sign language on its own right, while SIBI is the manually coded version of Indonesian.--> | glotto = indo1316 | glottorefname = Indonesian | stand1 = [[Standard language|Standard Indonesian]] | dia1 = [[Indonesian slang|Colloquial Indonesian]] (especially Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dialect: Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/cjin1234|website=glottolog.org|access-date=2023-06-19}}</ref> }} [[Fail:WIKITONGUES- Nila speaking Indonesian.webm|thumb|Orang ke ngena jaku Indonesia]] '''Jaku Indonesia''' (Jaku Indonesia: ''Bahasa Indonesia'') nya siti ari jaku raban [[Jaku-jaku Austronesia|Austronesia]] ti dikena enggau resmi ba [[Indonesia]] enggau dipejaku enggau ba [[Timor Leste]]. Jaku tu bisi pemayuh 290 juta orang ti landik bejaku dalam Nusantara. == Penerang == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] b0ms3h6qw44ulcgl7sfbiu4szxcl9py Jaku Jawa 0 1518 10130 8231 2024-11-25T14:23:26Z Song GK 9 10130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Jaku Jawa | nativename = {{Lang|jv|basa Jawa}}<br>{{Lang|jv-Java|ꦧꦱꦗꦮ}}<br>{{Lang|jv-Arab|باسا جاوا}} | pronunciation = {{IPA-jv|bɔsɔ d͡ʒɔwɔ|}} <small>(central and eastern dialects)</small><br>{{IPA-jv|basa d͡ʒawa|}} <small>(western dialects)</small><br> {{IPA-jv|basə d͡ʒawə|}} <small>(Serangese dialect)</small> | states = [[Indonesia]] | ethnicity = {{Plainlist| *[[Orang Jawa|Jawa]] *• [[Samin people|Samin]] *• [[Banyumasan people|Banyumasan]] *• [[Tenggerese people|Tenggerese]] *• [[Cirebonese people|Cirebonese]] *• [[Osing people|Osing]]}} | speakers = {{Sigfig|68.335000|2}} million | date = 2015 | ref = e27 | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]] | ancestor = [[Old Javanese]] | ancestor2 = Middle Javanese | stand1 = [[Kawi language|Kawi]]<br />(Early standard form) | stand2 = [[Surakarta|Surakartan Javanese]]<br />(Modern standard form) | dialects = [[#Dialects of modern Javanese|Javanese dialects]] | script = [[Javanese orthography|Latin script]]<br />[[Javanese script]]<br />[[Pegon script]] | nation = [[Indonesia]] * [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]] (co-official with [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]])<ref name="Yogyakarta Special Region Regulation Number 2 of 2021">{{Cite act|type=Regional Regulation|index=2|date=2021|legislature=[[List of governors of Yogyakarta|Governor of Special Region of Yogyakarta]]|title=Peraturan Daerah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Nomor 2 Tahun 2021 tentang Pemeliharaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Aksara Jawa|url=https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/162614/perda-no-2-tahun-2021|language=id}}</ref> | agency = [[Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa]] | iso1 = jv | iso2 = jav | lc1 = jav | ld1 = Javanese | lc2 = jvn | ld2 = Caribbean Javanese | lc3 = jas | ld3 = New Caledonian Javanese | lc4 = osi | ld4 = [[Osing dialect|Osing]] | lc5 = tes | ld5 = [[Tenggerese dialect|Tenggerese]] | lingua = 31-MFM-a | image = Aksara Jawa - basa jawa.svg | imagescale = 1 | imagecaption = {{Longitem|''Basa Jawa'' (Javanese language) written in the [[Javanese script]]}} | imageheader = | map = Javanese language distribution.png | mapcaption = Dark green: areas where Javanese is the majority language. Light green: where it is a minority language. | notice = IPA | glotto = java1253 | glottoname = Javanesic | glotto2 = java1254 | glottorefname = Javanese }} {{Contains special characters|Javanese}} [[Fail:Jawa ing aksara Jawa.svg|thumb|Leka Jaku ''Jawa'' ditulis dalam [[urup Jawa]]]] [[Fail:WIKITONGUES- Disa and Niken speaking Javanese.webm|thumb|Dua iku orang bejaku Jawa, dirikod ba [[Indonesia]]]] '''Jaku Jawa''' (Jaku Jawa: ''Basa Jawa,'' Aksara Jawa ꦧꦱꦗꦮ, Pegon: باسا جاوا''‎,'') nya siti ari jaku raban [[Jaku-jaku Austronesia|Austronesia]] ti dikena orang Jawa ari begian tengah enggau timur pulau Jawa, Indonesia. Bisi mega orang ti nemu bejaku Jawa ba pantai utara ba Jawa Barat. Jaku Jawa mega dikena diaspora Jawa ba begian bukai ba Indonesia, baka ba Sumatra enggau [[Borneo]]; sereta ba luar Indonesia baka ba [[Suriname]], [[New Caledonia]],<ref>Akhyari Hananto (8 Disember 2017). [https://seasia.co/2017/12/08/121-years-of-javanese-people-in-new-caledonia "121 Years of Javanese People in New Caledonia"] ''Seasia: Good News from Southeast Asia''.</ref> [[Sri Lanka]], [[Belanda]], [[Singapura]] enggau [[Malaysia]]. Jaku tu bisi pemayuh 98 juta orang ti landik bejaku dalam Nusantara.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170710134114/http://sp2010.bps.go.id/files/ebook/kewarganegaraan%20penduduk%20indonesia/index.html Kewarganegaraan Suku Bangsa Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2011. ISBN <bdi>978-979-064-417-5</bdi>. Diarkib ari asal maya 10 Julai 2017. Diambi maya 24 September 2022</ref> Jaku Jawa dikembuan status jaku resmi ba Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta sepengudah jaku Indonesia. <ref name=":0" /> Jaku Jawa ia nya jaku raban Austronesia ti ngembuan orang ti landik bejaku ti pemadu mayuh. Jaku tu ngembuan pemida dialek ari siti menua ngagai menua bukai sereta stail status ti bebida. Entara jaku ti sesemak enggau jaku Jawa ianya jaku ti dikena menua semak baka [[Jaku Sunda]], Jaku Madura, enggau Jaku Bali. Mayuh orang ti landik bejaku ngena jaku Jawa ba Indonesia mega ngena jaku Indonesia bagi penuju resmi enggau komersial sereta jaku Indonesia mega dikena maya bejaku enggau orang bukai Jawa ba Indonesia. == Penerang == <references /> [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] 3o8ldcu7mav1tepplh410lfp6x36am3 Jaku Melayu 0 1534 10134 8247 2024-11-25T14:26:23Z Song GK 9 10134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Jaku Melayu | altname = | ethnicity = [[Melayu]]<br /> [[Raban bansa ba Indonesia|Mayuh macham raban bansa ba Indonesia]] (dikelala enggau nama [[Jaku Indonesia]]) <br /> (see also [[Malay world|Malayophones]]) | nativename = {{Lang|ms|Bahasa Melayu}}<br/> {{Script/Arabic|بهاس ملايو}} | states = [[Brunei]], [[Timor Leste]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], [[Thailand Selatan]], [[Pulau Krismas]], [[Pulau Cocos (Keeling)]] | speakers = [[First language|L1]]: {{Sigfig|82.285706|2}} million | date = 2004–2010 | ref = e27 | speakers2 = Penyampau (L1 and [[Second language|L2]]): 200–290 million (2009)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Uli|first=Kozok|title=How many people speak Indonesian|url=http://ipll.manoa.hawaii.edu/indonesian/2012/03/10/how-many-people-speak-indonesian/|publisher=University of Hawaii at Manoa|access-date=20 October 2012|date=10 March 2012|quote=James T. Collins (''Bahasa Sanskerta dan Bahasa Melayu'', Jakarta: KPG 2009) gives a conservative estimate of approximately 200 million, and a maximum estimate of 250 million speakers of Malay (Collins 2009, p. 17).}}</ref> (the number including "[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]" speakers) | speakers_label = Speakers | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] | fam3 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] | fam4 = | fam5 = | fam6 = | ancestor = [[Jaku Melayu Lama]] | ancestor2 = [[Jaku Melayu Klasik]] | ancestor3 = [[Jaku Melayu Pra-moden]] | stand1 = [[Jaku Indonesia]] (ba Indonesia) | stand2 = [[Jaku Melayu Malaysia]] (ba Malaysia) | script = {{Ubl|[[Urup Layin|Latin]] ([[Ortografi jaku Melayu|urup jaku Melayu]])|[[Urup Arab|Arab]] ([[Urup Jawi]])<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation|title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards|date=26 August 2008|newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation|archive-date=29 October 2012}}</ref>|Arabic ([[Pegon script]]) (In [[Indonesia]])<ref name="Kitabi">Dahlan, H. Abdullah Zaini. Kitabati, Practical Methods for Learning to Read &amp; Write Pegon (Kitabati, Metode Praktis Belajar Membaca &amp; Menulis Pegon). Zaini Press. Accessed April 19, 2023. [https://ia903106.us.archive.org/22/items/etaoin/Kitabati.pdf https://ia903106.us.archive.org/22/items/etaoin/Kitabati.pdf].</ref><ref>''The abstract of this journal article is written in Indonesian language (Bahasa Indonesia), in Latin and in Pegon'': Estuningtiyas, R. (2021). Rijal Dakwah: KH. Abdullah Syafi’ie (1910-1985). The International Journal of Pegon : Islam Nusantara Civilization, 5(01), 81-96. [https://doi.org/10.51925/inc.v5i01.45 https://doi.org/10.51925/inc.v5i01.45]</ref>|[[Urup Thai]] (ba Thailand)|[[International uniformity of braille alphabets#Grade 1 braille|Braille Melayu]]<br/> Kelia ditulis dalam [[Urup Pallava]], [[Urup Kawi]], [[Urup Ulu]], [[Urup Rejang]]}} | nation = {{Startplainlist|class=nowrap}} * {{Flag|Brunei}} * {{Flag|Indonesia}} (enggau nama [[Jaku Indonesia]]) * {{Flag|Malaysia}} * {{Flag|Singapore}} ---- * {{Flag|UNESCO}} (enggau nama [[Jaku Indonesia]])<ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite news|url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000387388.locale=en|title=Recognition of Bahasa Indonesia as an official language of the General Conference of UNESCO |access-date=2023-11-20|website=unesco.org / document no. 42 C/28|language=en}}</ref> {{Endplainlist}} | minority = {{Ubl| [[Indonesia]]<br/>(beside the national standard of [[Jaku Indonesia]], [[Malay Indonesians#Language|Local Malay]] enjoys the status of a regional language in [[Sumatera]] and [[Borneo]] |[[Timor Leste]] (beside [[Jaku Melayu Dili]], [[Jaku Indonesia]] used as a working language and a trade language with [[Indonesia]])<ref name="easttimorgovernment.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.easttimorgovernment.com/languages.htm|title=East Timor Languages|website=www.easttimorgovernment.com|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130633/http://easttimorgovernment.com/languages.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><br/> [[Thailand]] (as [[Jaku Melayu Kelantan-Pattani|Jaku Melayu Pattani]], [[Jaku Melayu Kedah|Jaku Melayu Syburi]], and [[Bangkok Malay]])}} | agency = {{Ubl|[[Language Development and Fostering Agency]] in Indonesia|[[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|Institute of Language and Literature]] in Malaysia|[[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|Language and Literature Bureau]] in Brunei|[https://www.languagecouncils.sg/mbms/en Malay Language Council] in Singapore|[[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia|Brunei–Indonesia–Malaysia Language Council – MABBIM]] (a trilateral joint venture)}} | iso1 = ms | iso2b = may | iso2t = msa | iso3 = msa<!--The rest of the codes under the [msa] macrolanguage are at [[Malayan languages]], [[Malay trade and creole languages]], [[Cocos Malay]] and [[Urak Lawoi' language]]--> | lc1 = zlm | ld1 = [[Jaku Melayu Malaysia|Jaku Melayu Standard]] | lc2 = ind | ld2 = [[Jaku Indonesia]] | lc3 = zsm | ld3 = [[Malaysian Malay|Standard Malay]] | lc4 = abs | ld4 = [[Ambon Malay]] | lc5 = mbf | ld5 = [[Baba Malay]] | lc6 = pea | ld6 = [[Malay trade and creole languages#Baba Indonesian|Baba Indonesian]] | lc7 = mhp | ld7 = [[Balinese Malay]] | lc8 = bjn | ld8 = [[Banjarese language|Banjarese]] | lc9 = mfb | ld9 = [[Bangka Malay|Bangka]] | lc10 = btj | ld10 = [[Bacan Malay|Bacan]] | lc11 = bew | ld11 = [[Betawi language|Betawi]] | lc12 = bve | ld12 = [[Berau Malay|Berau]] | lc13 = kxd | ld13 = [[Brunei Malay]] | lc14 = ccm | ld14 = [[Malay Chetty creole language|Chetty Malay]] | lc15 = coa | ld15 = [[Cocos Malay]] | lc16 = liw | ld16 = [[Col language|Col]] | lc17 = goq | ld17 = [[Gorap]] | lc18 = hji | ld18 = [[Haji language|Haji]] | lc19 = jax | ld19 = [[Jambi Malay]] | lc20 = vkk | ld20 = [[Kaur language|Kaur]] | lc21 = meo | ld21 = [[Kedah Malay]] | lc22 = mfa | ld22 = [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay]] | lc23 = kvr | ld23 = [[Kerinci language|Kerinci]] | lc24 = mqg | ld24 = [[Kutainese language|Kota Bangun Kutai]] | lc25 = mkn | ld25 = [[Kupang Malay]] | lc26 = mfp | ld26 = [[Makassar Malay]] | lc27 = xmm | ld27 = [[Manado Malay]] | lc28 = min | ld28 = [[Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]] | lc29 = mui | ld29 = [[Musi language|Musi]] | lc30 = zmi | ld30 = [[Negeri Sembilan Malay|Negeri Sembilan]] | lc31 = max | ld31 = [[North Moluccan Malay]] | lc32 = pmy | ld32 = [[Papuan Malay]] | lc33 = pel | ld33 = [[Pekal language|Pekal]] | lc34 = msi | ld34 = [[Sabah Malay]] | lc35 = sci | ld35 = [[Sri Lanka Malay language]] | lc36 = pse | ld36 = [[South Barisan Malay]] | lc37 = vkt | ld37 = [[Tenggarong Kutai]] | lingua = 31-MFA-a | sign = [[Manually Coded Malay]] | glotto = nucl1806 | glottoname = | glottorefname = Nuclear Malayic | pronunciation = {{IPA-ms|baˈha.sa məˈla.ju|}} | map = Malay language Spoken Area Map v1.png | mapcaption = Kandang menua ti bisi ngena jaku Melayu:{{Legend|#0000ff|Indonesia}} {{Legend|#00bc00|Malaysia}} {{Legend|#76f36b|Singapura enggau Brunei, ke alai Jaku Melayu Standard nyadi jaku rasmi}} {{Legend|#88caff|Timor Leste, ke alai jaku Indonesia nyadi jaku kereja}} {{Legend|#f7f36b|Thailand Selatan enggau Pulau Cocos, ke alai bansa jaku Melayu bukai dikena}} | mapsize = 450px }} [[Fail:WIKITONGUES- Nila speaking Indonesian.webm|thumb|Seiku orang ti bejaku ngena [[jaku Indonesia]]]] [[Fail:WIKITONGUES- Zairul speaking Malay.webm|thumb|Seiku orang benung bejaku varian jaku Melayu ba Langkawi]] [[Fail:WIKITONGUES- Senful speaking Malay.webm|thumb|Siku bujang bejaku Melayu Kedah]] '''Jaku Melayu''' (Jaku Melayu: ''Bahasa Melayu'', Jawi: بهاس ملايو‎) nya siti ari jaku raban [[Jaku-jaku Austronesia|Austronesia]] ti dikena enggau resmi ba [[Brunei]], [[Malaysia]] enggau [[Singapura]] enggau dipejaku enggau sekeda endur ba [[Thailand]]. Jaku tu bisi pemayuh 30 juta orang ti landik bejaku. Enti dipegulai enggau Jaku Indonesia, jaku tu ngembuan 290 juta orang pejaku ba serata [[Asia Tenggara Maritim]].<ref>10 million in Malaysia as either "Malay" or "[[Malaysian language|Malaysian]]",<!-- cf. "Bahasa/istilah Malaysia" versus "Bahasa/istilah Indonesia", see "Telus, konflik dan legap istilah MABBIM: satu kajian morfosemantik" (Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin & Junaini Kasdan, 2007) - the Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu website (https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=contoh&d=103448 - 404 at times) by Msian Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka is another example in action--> 5 million in Indonesia as "Malay" plus 260 million as "[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]", etc.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wardhana|first=Dian Eka Chandra|date=2021|title= Indonesian as the Language of ASEAN During the New Life Behavior Change 2021|url= http://ejournal.karinosseff.org/index.php/jswse/article/view/114|journal= Journal of Social Work and Science Education|volume= 1|issue= 3|pages= 266–280|doi=10.52690/jswse.v1i3.114|access-date=29 January 2021|doi-access= free}}</ref> Jaku tu plurosentrik enggau siti jaku makro, iya nya, beberapa bansa iya distandard nyadi jaku nasional ({{Lang|ms|bahasa kebangsaan}} tauka {{Lang|ms|bahasa nasional}}) sekeda menua enggau bemacham nama resmi: ba Malaysia, jaku tu kala dikumbai {{Lang|ms|Bahasa Malaysia}}<!-- vide Asmah (1992), pp. 403-4 --> ("Jaku Malaysia") sereta leka jaku {{Lang|ms|Bahasa Melayu}} ("jaku Melayu") dikena diatu ba Malaysia lalu pia mega Brunei enggau Singapura; ba Indonesia, siti bansa normatif autonomi ti dikumbai {{Lang|id|Bahasa Indonesia}} ("[[jaku Indonesia]]") dikena nyadi {{Lang|id|bahasa persatuan/pemersatu}} ("jaku penyerakup" tauka [[lingua franca]]) lalu leka jaku "Melayu" ({{Lang|id|bahasa Melayu}}) disekat dalam menua ngagai bansa vernakular asal Melayu ngagai kandang menua Tengah ngagai Selatan [[Sumatera]] enggau [[Kalimantan Barat]].<ref>{{Cite book |author=Asmah Haji Omar |title=Malay as a pluricentric language Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations |publisher=Mouton de Gruyte |year=1992 |isbn=3-11-012855-1 |editor-last=Clyne |editor-first=Michael J. |editor-link=Michael Clyne |location=Berlin & New York |pages=403–4 |chapter=Malay as a pluricentric language |author-link=Asmah Haji Omar}}</ref>{{Efn|Since the standardized varieties of Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore are structurally largely identical and mostly differ in lexicon and to a lesser degree in phonetic details, the umbrella terms "Malay/Indonesian"<ref name=Blust/> or "Malay-Indonesian"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tadmor |first=Uri |year=2009 |chapter=Malay-Indonesian |editor=Bernard Comrie |title=The World's Major Languages |edition=2nd |location=London |publisher=Routledge |pages=791–818}}</ref> are often used in the linguistic literature when discussing the structure or history of the language.}} [[Jaku Melayu Klasik]] nyadi standard litericha [[Kesultanan Melaka]] enggau [[Kesultanan Johor|Johor]] sebedau kolonial lalu nya alai jaku nya kekadang dikumbai Melaka, Johor tauka Melayu Riau (tauka mayuh macham kombinasyen nama nya) dikena mida iya ari mayuh macham jaku Melayu bukai. jaku. Nitihka ''[[Ethnologue]]'' 16, beberapa bansa jaku Melayu ti dirintaika sida diatu nyadi jaku kediri nyengkaum bansa jaku Orang Asli ari jaku Melayu Semenanjung, balat bendar bekaul enggau jaku Melayu Standard nyentukka sida tau nyadika bukti dialek. Bisi mega beberapa jaku dagang enggau jaku kreol Melayu (e.g. [[jaku Melayu Ambon]]) bepelasarka lingua franca ti datai ari jaku Melayu Klasik sereta mega [[jaku Melayu Makassar]], ti dipeda baka jaku ti bechampur. [[Kategori:Jaku ba Malaysia]] == Penerang == <references /> [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Malaysia]] mvpdc80bptnj5r8ad78qx6zlivavypb Jaku Minangkabau 0 1539 10133 9261 2024-11-25T14:25:28Z Song GK 9 10133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Pampang jaku-jaku Austronesia, ti dikena bansa Minangkabau ari Sumatera Barat}} {{Infobox language | name = Jaku Minangkabau | nativename = {{Lang|min|Baso Minangkabau}}<br/>{{Script/Arabic|بهاس منڠكربو}} | states = [[Indonesia]] ([[Sumatera Barat]]) | region = [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Riau]], [[Jambi]], [[Bengkulu]], [[North Sumatra]], [[Aceh]] ([[Indonesia]]) | ethnicity = [[Minangkabau]], [[Aneuk Jamee people|Aneuk Jamee]] | speakers = {{Sigfig|5.53|2}} juta | date = 2007 | ref = e18 | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] | fam3 = disputed:<br>[[Malayo-Sumbawan languages|Malayo-Sumbawan]] or [[Greater North Borneo languages|Greater North Borneo]] | fam4 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] | dia1 = [[#dialect|West Sumatran Minangkabau]], [[Aneuk Jamee people|Aneuk Jamee]], Pasisi, [[Mukomuko language|Mukomuko]], Rokan, Kampar, Kuantan | script = [[Latin script|Latin]] <br />Minangkabau script | agency = [[Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa]] | iso2 = min | iso3 = min | glotto = mina1268 | glottorefname = Minangkabau | map = Minangkabau.svg | mapcaption = {{Legend|#0080ff|Kandang menua ke ngembuan orang Minangkabau ti majoriti}} {{Legend|#88c4ff|Kandang menua ke ngembuan orang Minangkabau ti majoriti signifikan}} | notice = IPA }} '''Jaku Minangkabau''' (Jaku Minangkabau: {{Lang|min|Baso Minangkabau}}, [[Urup Jawi]]: {{Lang|min|{{Script/Arabic|بهاس منڠكربو}}}}; {{Lang-id|Bahasa Minangkabau}}) nya sebengkah jaku ari sebilik [[jaku-jaku Austronesia]] dikena [[Minangkabau|orang Minangkabau]] ba [[Sumatera Barat]], begian barat [[Riau]], [[Kabupaten Aceh Selatan]], begian utara [[Bengkulu]] enggau [[Jambi]], sereta ba sekeda nengeri ba [[Indonesia]].<ref name="Kajian Serba Linguistik">Kajian Serba Linguistik : Untuk [[Anton Moeliono]] Pereksa Bahasa (2000)</ref> Jaku tu nyadi [[lingua franca]] sepemanjai menua pantai barat provinsi [[Sumatera Utara]], lalu dikena mega ba sekeda endur ba [[Aceh]], dia jaku nya dikumbai ''Aneuk Jamee''. Jaku tu ngembuan penyama enggau [[jaku Melayu]]. Kaul entara jaku nya ditukuka enggau chara ti bebida. Sekeda orang madahka jaku Minangkabau nya varieti tumu jaku Melayu, lalu bisi ke madah jaku tu jaku ke bebida dalam takang jaku ([[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]]).<ref name="Archipel">{{Citation |author = Khaidir Anwar |title = Minangkabau, Background of the main pioneers of modern standard Malay in Indonesia |journal = Archipel |year = 1976 |volume = 12 |number = 1 |pages = 77–93 |doi = 10.3406/arch.1976.1296 |url = https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_1976_num_12_1_1296 |language = en}}</ref> Jaku Minangkabau nya siti ari sekeda jaku ti sechara umum nadai tukuh jaku pengawa enggau bida subjek-objek gramatis.<ref name="Voice and verb morphology in Minangkabau, a language of West Sumatra, Indonesia">{{Citation |author = Sophie Elizabeth Crouch | title= Voice and verb morphology in Minangkabau, a language of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Master's thesis | year = 2009|url = https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_886558_2/component/file_886556/content |language = en}}</ref> Taja jaku Minangkabau agi suah dikena raban bansa Minangkabau, tang pelajar ti spesifik ngagai budaya ba endur ti ngaga mengeri nyau dipadamka laban iya dikira majak kurang beguna ba Sumatera Barat. Jaku Minangkabau dikumbai "enda formal" ba kandang nengeri Padang, enggau jaku Indonesia majak dikena ba institusyen formal. Raban nembiak di nengeri deka suah ngena jaku champur randau Minang enggau jaku slang Indonesia. == Dialek == Jaku Minangkabau ngundan mayuh iti dialek, kekadang bisi bida entara rumah panjai ke besemak (baka diseraraka sungai). Dialek jaku tu iya nya Rao Mapat Tunggul, Muaro Sungai Lolo, Payakumbuh, Pangkalan-Lubuk Alai, Agam-Tanah Datar, Pancungsoal, Kotobaru, Sungai Bendung Air, enggau Karanganyar.<ref>Nadra, Reniwati, and Efri Yades, Daerah Asal dan Arah Migrasi Orang Minangkabau di Provinsi Jambi Berdasarkan Kajian Variasi Dialektikal (2008)</ref> Dalam randau besehari-sehari entara bansa Minangkabau ari pelilih menua ti bebida, dialek Agam-Tanah Datar (''Baso Padang'' tauka ''Baso Urang Awak'' 'jaku orang kitai') suah dikena lalu udah nyadi sebansa standard. ==Agih pejaku== Jaku Minangkabau nyadi jaku asal [[Minangkabau|bansa Minangkabau]] ari provinsi [[Sumatera Barat]].<ref name="Kajian Serba Linguistik"/> Bisi urang 5.5 juta iku orang ke ngena jaku tu. Jaku tu mega dikena ba bagi menua barat Riau, [[Kabupaten Aceh Selatan]], bagi menua utara Bengkulu enggau Jambi.<ref name="Kajian Serba Linguistik" /> Sepemanjai pelilih menua pesisir barat Sumatera Utara, jaku tu mega nyadi [[Lingua franca|''lingua franca'']]. Jaku tu dikena lalu dikumbai ''Aneuk Jamee'' ba sekeda endur di [[Aceh]]. Kelimpah ari menua Indonesia, Jaku Minangkabau mega dikena sekeda peturun orang ke pindah ari kandang menua Minang di [[Sumatera]] (''Ranah Minang'' tauka ''Tanah Minang'') ba menua bukai baka Malaysia. Penyampau ke nyata ari orang ke dulu suba ngentapka diri ba endur ke diatu dikumbai [[Negeri Sembilan]] ba Malaysia; lalu [[jaku Melayu Negeri Sembilan]], ti dikelala enggau nama ''Bahaso Nogori/Baso Nogoghi'', diatu nyadi jaku ti nyelai, rapat agi bekaul enggau [[jaku Melayu]] ari jaku Minangkabau. == Chunto == ===Ayat=== {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" ! Iban ! Minangkabau ! Indonesia |- |Nama berita nuan diatu? |{{Lang|min|Baʼa kaba sanak kini?}} |{{Lang|id|Bagaimana kabar anda sekarang?}} |- |Manah aja aku. Nuan deh? |{{Lang|min|Lai elok-elok se nyo. Sanak baʼa?}} |{{Lang|id|Saya baik-baik saja. Anda bagaimana?}} |- |Sapa nama nuan? |{{Lang|min|Sia namo sanak?}} |{{Lang|id|Siapa nama kamu?}} |- |Nama aku ... |{{Lang|min|Namo ambo ...}} |{{Lang|id|Nama saya ...}} |- |Terima kasih |{{Lang|min|Tarimo kasih.}} |{{Lang|id|Terima kasih.}} |} ===Lumur=== {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" ! Number ! Minangkabau ! Indonesian ! Iban |- |1 |{{Lang|min|cieʼ}} |{{Lang|id|satu}} |sa / satu |- |2 |{{Lang|min|duo}} |{{Lang|id|dua}} |dua |- |3 |{{Lang|min|tigo}} |{{Lang|id|tiga}} |tiga |- |4 |{{Lang|min|ampeʼ}} |{{Lang|id|empat}} |empat |- |5 |{{Lang|min|limo}} |{{Lang|id|lima}} |lima |- |6 |{{Lang|min|anam}} |{{Lang|id|enam}} |nam |- |7 |{{Lang|min|tujuah}} |{{Lang|id|tujuh}} |tujuh |- |8 |{{Lang|min|lapan}} |{{Lang|id|(de)lapan}} |lapan |- |9 |{{Lang|min|sambilan}} |{{Lang|id|sembilan}} |semilan |- |10 |{{Lang|min|sapuluah}} |{{Lang|id|sepuluh}} |sepuluh |- |11 |{{Lang|min|sabaleh}} |{{Lang|id|sebelas}} |sebelas |- |15 |{{Lang|min|limo baleh}} |{{Lang|id|lima belas}} |lima belas |- |50 |{{Lang|min|limo puluah}} |{{Lang|id|lima puluh}} |lima puluh |- |100 |{{Lang|min|saratuih}} |{{Lang|id|seratus}} |seratus |- |150 |{{Lang|min|saratuih limo puluah}} |{{Lang|id|seratus lima puluh}} |seratus lima puluh |- |500 |{{Lang|min|limo ratuih}} |{{Lang|id|lima ratus}} |lima ratus |- |#,000 |{{Lang|min|ribu}} |{{Lang|id|ribu}} |ribu |- |#,000,000 |{{Lang|min|juta}} |{{Lang|id|juta}} |juta |- |#,000,000,000 |{{Lang|min|milliar}} |{{Lang|id|milliar}} |billion |} == Penerang == {{reflist}} == Lambar web bukai == {{InterWiki|code=min}} {{commons}} * [https://archive.org/stream/rosettaproject_min_swadesh-1/min.txt Projek Rosetta: Rintai Swadesh Minangkabau] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] ghwbjaxyi3gytsprooweiry1bm7bpfo Jaku Remun 0 1546 10157 9016 2024-11-26T09:06:03Z Song GK 9 10157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Jaku Ibanik ke dikena ba Borneo}} {{Infobox language |name=Remun |nativename=Milikin |states=[[Malaysia]] |region=[[Sarawak]] |speakers=3,500 |date=2000 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Austronesia |fam2=[[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] |fam3=[[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Sumbawa|Malayo-Sumbawa]] |fam4=[[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] |fam5=[[Jaku-jaku Ibanik|Ibanik]] |iso3=lkj |glotto=remu1237 |glottorefname=Remun }} '''Jaku Remun''', tauka '''Milikin''', nya siti takang ari jaku Ibanik ke dikena ba [[Borneo]]. == Agih kandang menua == Jaku tu dikena kira-kira 3600 iku peranak pelilih menua Sarawak. Jaku Remun nya dialek jaku Iban-Remun ti keterubah di sitak Borneo, lalu kelebih agi di pelilih menua Sarawak.<ref name="Cullip">{{Cite journal |last=Cullip |first=Peter |date=2003<!--override bots--> |title=Remun Language Use and Maintenance |url=https://jml.um.edu.my/article/view/3443/1473 |journal=Journal of Modern Languages |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=59–70}}</ref> Taja pan 88% sebaka enggau jaku Iban, orang ti bejaku Remun madahka jaku nya mudah dipelalaika ari pemereti ati orang luar, indah orang ti bejaku Iban.<ref name="Cullip" /> Remun nyau deka punas, laban orang ke bejaku iya nyau belubah-lubah ngalih ngagai bejaku Iban.{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}} ==Leka Jaku== {| class="wikitable" |+Banding entara Jaku Iban Standard enggau Jaku Remun !Iban Standard !Remun |- |{{Lang|iba|Enda}} |{{Lang|lkj|Entau}} |- |{{Lang|iba|Meda}} |{{Lang|lkj|Ngilau}} |- |{{Lang|iba|Nemu}} |{{Lang|lkj|Badak}} |- |{{Lang|iba|Baju}} |{{Lang|lkj|Kelatang}} |- |{{Lang|iba|Belanda}} |{{Lang|lkj|Belawak}} |- |{{Lang|iba|Anang inggar}} |{{Lang|lkj|Sengian}} |- |{{Lang|iba|Beli'/Palui}} |{{Lang|lkj|Labulan}} |- |{{Lang|iba|Nadai}} |{{Lang|lkj|Entai}} |- |{{Lang|iba|Pagila}} |{{Lang|lkj|Pagi}} |- |{{Lang|iba|Lagi/legi}} |{{Lang|lkj|Ila}} |- |{{Lang|iba|Tikai}} |{{Lang|lkj|Kelaya}} |- |{{Lang|iba|Manah}} |{{Lang|lkj|Nyelaie}} |} *Frasa chunto dalam jaku Remun enggau jaku Iban: **{{Lang|iba|Entai ku ngilau}} – {{Lang|lkj|Nadai aku meda.}} **{{Lang|iba|Entauk ku badak}} – {{Lang|lkj|Enda ku nemu.}} == Banding Jaku == {| class="wikitable" !Rebak tuai !Rebak baru !Jaku tinjau ari jaku |- |{{Lang|lkj|Kelatang}} (Dress) |{{Lang|lkj|Baju}} |Jaku Melayu |- |{{Lang|lkj|Ngatong}} (Later) |{{Lang|lkj|Nanti}} |Jaku Melayu |- |{{Lang|lkj|Ngilau}} (See) |{{Lang|lkj|Meda}} |Iban Standard |- |{{Lang|lkj|Kayu}} (Food) |{{Lang|lkj|Lauk}} |Jaku Melayu/Iban Standard |- |{{Lang|lkj|Tegeran Iengan}} (Eat) |{{Lang|lkj|Makai}} |Iban Standard |- |{{Lang|lkj|Ngitung atap/rasau}} (Sleep) |{{Lang|lkj|Tidur}} |Jaku Melayu |- |{{Lang|lkj|Besulu}} (Lover/friend) |{{Lang|lkj|Bepangan}} |Jaku Melayu |- |{{Lang|lkj|Reti}} (Meaning) |{{Lang|lkj|Maksud}} |Jaku Melayu |- |{{Lang|lkj|Pangin}} (Room) |{{Lang|lkj|Bilik}} |Jaku Melayu |- |{{Lang|lkj|Lebulan}} (Stupid) |{{Lang|lkj|Bodoh}} |Jaku Melayu |- |{{Lang|lkj|Entau medak}} (I don't know) |{{Lang|lkj|Enda nemu}} |Iban Standard |- |{{Lang|lkj|Anteh}} (Quick) |{{Lang|lkj|Cepat}} |Jaku Melayu |- |{{Lang|lkj|Tanchut}} (Trousers) |{{Lang|lkj|Tanchut}} |Jaku Melayu |} ==Malin== {{Reflist}} ==Link luar== *{{Cite web|url=http://globalrecordings.net/de/language/14078|title=Milikin language - Audio Bible stories and lessons|publisher=[[Global Recordings Network]]|access-date=23 September 2012}} [[Kategori:Jaku ba Sarawak]] [[Kategori:Jaku-jaku Ibanik]] 9hkoxqlwtvd698wkctsczybq1x6molz Jaku Sunda 0 1550 10129 9021 2024-11-25T14:22:59Z Song GK 9 10129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | image = Word Sunda in Sundanese Script SVG Version.svg | imagecaption = 'Sunda' dalam urup Sunda | imagealt = | name = Jaku Sunda | nativename = {{Lang|su|basa Sunda}}<br>{{Lang|su|{{Sund|ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ}}}}<br>{{Lang|su-Arab|بَاسَا سُوْندَا}} | states = [[Indonesia]] | region = [[Jawa Barat]], [[Banten]], [[Jakarta]], sekeda endur ba [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Lampung]] selatan, dikena mega bala diaspora Sunda ba serata [[Indonesia]] enggau dunya. | ethnicity = [[Orang Sunda|Sunda]]<br>([[Baduy people|Badui]]{{•}}[[Bantenese people|Bantenese]]{{•}}[[Ciptagelar people|Ciptagelar]]{{•}}[[Cirebonese people|Cirebonese]]{{•}}[[Parahyangan|Priangan]]) | speakers = {{Sigfig|32.400000|2}} juta | date = 2015 | ref = e27 | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] | fam4 = Sundanese–[[Baduy language|Baduy]] | ancestor = [[Old Sundanese language|Old Sundanese]] | ancestor2 = [[Classical Sundanese language|Classical Sundanese]] | stand1 = [[Priangan|Priangan Sundanese]] | dialects = * ''[[Baduy language|Baduy]]'' (considered a separate language) * [[Bantenese language|Banten]] * ''[[Banyumas Sundanese|Banyumas]]'' (extinct) * [[Bogor Sundanese language|Bogor]] * [[Brebes Sundanese|Brebes]] * [[Ciamis Sundanese|Ciamis]] * Northeast ** [[Cirebon Sundanese|Cirebon]] ** [[Indramayu Sundanese|Indramayu]] ** [[Majalengka Sundanese language|Majalengka]] * [[Priangan Sundanese language|Priangan]] | script = [[Latin script]] (present)<br />[[Sundanese script]] (present; optional)<br />[[Pegon script|Sundanese Pégon script]] (17–20th centuries AD, present; religious schools only)<br />[[Old Sundanese script]] (14–18th centuries AD, present; optional)<br />[[Cacarakan|Sundanese Cacarakan script]] (17–19th centuries AD, present; certain areas)<br />[[Buda Script]] (13–15th centuries AD, present; optional)<br />[[Kawi script]] (historical)<br />[[Pallava Script|Pallava]] (historical)<br />[[Nāgarī script|Pranagari]] (historical)<br />[[Vatteluttu]] (historical) | nation = | iso1 = su | iso2 = sun | lc1 = sun | ld1 = Sundanese | lc2 = bac | ld2 = [[Baduy language|Baduy Sundanese]] | lc3 = osn | ld3 = [[Old Sundanese language|Old Sundanese]] | glotto = sund1252 | glottorefname = Sundanese | lingua = 31-MFN-a | notice = IPA | map = Sundanese_language_distribution_map.svg | mapcaption = {{Legend|#0000FF|Areas where Sundanese is a majority native language}} {{Legend|#0080FF|Areas where Sundanese is a minority language with >100,000 speakers}} {{Legend|#00FFFF|Areas where Sundanese is a minority language with <100,000 speakers}} | agency = Lembaga Basa jeung Sastra Sunda | pronunciation = {{IPA|su|basa sʊnda|}} }} {{Contains special characters|Sundanese}} [[Fail:WIKITONGUES- Yusuf speaking Sundanese.webm|thumb|Siku orang ke ngena jaku Sunda, dirikod ba [[Indonesia]].]] '''Jaku Sunda''' (Jaku Sunda: ''basa Sunda'', sebut jaku: [basa sunda]; [[Urup Sunda]]: ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ; [[Pegon]]: بَاسَا سُوْندَا) dikena urung 42 juta orang sereta siti ari sebilik jaku [[Jaku-jaku Austronesia|Austronesia]]. Nyegenda enggau sejarah adat iya, jaku Sunda mayuh dikena ba provinsi [[Jawa Barat]], mayuh endur ba menua Banten, sereta nyampau Kali Pemali (Cipamali) ba menua Brebes, [[Jawa Tengah]]. [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] h3wok417cc80kkprnli4k3mg99zpgnj Jaku Vietnam 0 1557 10159 8252 2024-11-26T09:26:27Z Song GK 9 10159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Jaku Vietnam | nativename = {{Lang|vi|Tiếng Việt}} | pronunciation = {{IPA|vi|tiəŋ˧˦ viət̚˧˨ʔ|}} (Hà Nội)<br />{{IPA|vi|tiəŋ˦˧˥ viək̚˨˩ʔ|}} (Huế)<br />{{IPA|vi|tiəŋ˦˥ viək̚˨˩˨|}} ~ {{IPA|vi|tiəŋ˦˥ jiək̚˨˩˨|}} (Hồ Chí Minh City) | states = {{Plainlist| *[[Vietnam]] *[[China]] ([[Dongxing, Guangxi]])}} | speakers = {{Sigfig|85.429000|2}} million (2019)<ref name="e27|vie|Vietnamese">{{E27|vie|Vietnamese}}</ref> | ethnicity = [[Orang Vietnam]] (Kinh) | date = | ref = | familycolor = Austroasiatik | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Vietik|Vietik]] | fam3 = [[Viet–Muong]] | ancestor = [[Viet–Muong]] | ancestor2 = Jaku Vietnam Lama | ancestor3 = Jaku Vietnam Tengah | script = [[Urup Latin|Latin]] ([[Vietnamese alphabet]])<br />[[Vietnamese Braille]]<br />[[Chữ Nôm]] (historical) | nation = {{Flag|Vietnam}} | minority = {{Flag|Czech Republic}}<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/vietnamci-oficialni-narodnostni-mensinou.A130703_133019_domaci_jj# | title=Česko má nové oficiální národnostní menšiny. Vietnamce a Bělorusy | date=3 July 2013 }}</ref><br />{{Flag|Slovakia}}<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/news/slovakia-vietnamese-community-granted-national-minority-status_en | title=Slovakia: Vietnamese community granted national minority status &#124; European Website on Integration | date=7 June 2023 }}</ref> <!-- |ethnicity=[[Vietnamese people|Kinh]]-->| agency = [[Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences]] | iso1 = vi | iso2 = vie | iso3 = vie | lingua = 46-EBA<!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20060102201830/http://www.linguasphere.org/major.pdf --> | map = Natively Vietnamese-speaking areas.png | mapcaption = Areas within Vietnam with majority Vietnamese speakers, mirroring the [[List of ethnic groups in Vietnam|ethnic landscape]] of Vietnam with [[ethnic Vietnamese]] dominating around the lowland pale of the country.<ref>From ''Ethnologue'' (2009, 2013)</ref> | notice = IPA | glotto = viet1252 | glottorefname = Vietnamese Language }} {{Contains special characters|Vietnamese}} '''Jaku Vietnam''' ({{Lang|vi|tiếng Việt}}) nya jaku dalam kategori perugan jaku Vietik dalam sebilik [[Jaku-jaku Austroasiatik|jaku Austroasiatik]], ke mayuh dikena ba [[Vietnam]] alai jaku tu nyadi jaku resmi enggau jaku nasional. Jaku tu dikena urung 85 juta orang,<ref name="e27|vie|Vietnamese" /> mayuh kali lipat ari semua bansa jaku baruh sebilik Austroasiatik dipegulaika.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Driem|first=George van|author-link=George van Driem|title=Languages of the Himalayas, Volume One|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fiavPYCz4dYC&pg=PA264|year=2001|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-12062-9|page=264|quote=Of the approximately 90 millions speakers of Austroasiatic languages, over 70 million speak Vietnamese, nearly ten million speak Khmer and roughly five million speak Santali.}}</ref> Jaku tu jaku asal bansa Vietnam (tauka bansa Kinh), sereta jaku indu tauka jaku kedua ungkup mayuh macham bansa bukai ba Vietnam, lalu mengkang dikena diaspora Vietnam ba serata dunya. == Malin == {{reflist}} 6slxtbhiovl4vi6hog3r7aglmzs74c4 Pengawa astronomi ba Malaysia 0 2254 10123 10113 2024-11-25T13:04:12Z Cerevisae 18 10123 wikitext text/x-wiki Pengarap [[Islam]] ngerembai ngagai Kepulauan Melayu ba pun abad keempat belas.<ref name="Abidin 2020">{{Cite journal |last=Abidin |first=Zamri Zainal |last2=Asillam |first2=Mhd Fairos |last3=Koay |first3=Jun Yi |date=2020-10-14 |title=Expanding astronomy research in Malaysia |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-01230-x |journal=Nature Astronomy |language=en |volume=4 |issue=12 |pages=1115–1117 |doi=10.1038/s41550-020-01230-x |issn=2397-3366}}</ref> Syeikh Abdullah Fahim bisi siku ulama Islam Malaysia ngaitka sembah Islam enggau astronomi. Bala ketuai Malaya bisi berunding iya pasal pengawa milih haribulan Hari Merdeka menua Persekutuan Tanah Melayu ba tahun 1957 bepelasarka perati astronomi iya.<ref name="Abidin 2020"/> Jabatan Pembangunan Islam (JAKIM), ngira jam matahari datai ba baruh sukut lekukan 19° enggau 20° baruh ufuk dikena nentuka jam berengkah sembiang.<ref name="Abidin 2020"/> Mazlan Othman nyadi pakar astrofizik keterubah di Malaysia, udah bulih PhD iya dalam taun 1981. Mazlan nempa Bagian Pelajar Sains Angkasa (BAKSA) ba Jabatan Menteri Besai Malaysia. BAKSA udah nya nyadi kaban Gerempung Astronomi Antarabansa (IAU). BAKSA udah nya nyadi Ejensi Angkasa Nasional (NSA) ba taun 2002 enggau nyadi Ejensi Angkasa Malaysia (MYSA) ba taun 2019.<ref name="Abidin 2020"/><ref>[https://eprints.um.edu.my/9094/1/All.pdf Astronomy Education Awareness in Malaysia] Dikeluarka ari Universiti Malaya. Diarkib maya ba [https://web.archive.org/web/20240605054331/https://eprints.um.edu.my/9094/1/All.pdf 5 Jun 2024]</ref> Dalam taun 1990-an, perintah Malaysia meri kelala program [[astronomi]] nanam penyedar mensia mayuh nuju astronomi.<ref name="Abidin 2020"/> Planetarium Nasional ditumbuhka dalam taun 1994. Universiti Malaya udah nya berengkah ba pansik bintang binari, bulan sabit, evolusyen bintang enggau astrofizik nuklear.<ref name="Abidin 2020"/> Dalam taun 2005, Makmal Pansik Kosmologi Radio (RCRL) ditumbuhka ba jabatan fizik Universiti Malaya.<ref name="Abidin 2020"/> Palan Pengamat Nasional Langkawi (LNO) ditumbuhka dalam taun 2006. Iya nyadi palan latih besai ungkup bala astronomi Malaysia sereta palan kerejasama enggau menua bukai ba pansik astronomi optik. Teleskop optik reflektor Ritchey-Chrétien udah dipasang ba LNO. Iya ngembuan diameter 0.51 meter enggau kamera perengka ke digabung enggau cas (CCD). LNO ngembuan median meda 0.8 arcsecond ba taun 2014 enggau penerang langit ti baruh (magnitud visual 18.6), nya palan ti engkeman endur masang teleskop ke baka nya.<ref name="Abidin 2020"/> LNO ngaga katalog fenomena astronomi khatulistiwa sereta matau objek ti tau mai penusah semak bumi (NEO).<ref name="Abidin 2020"/> Sistem teleskop solar matau aktiviti matahari ba tiga gelombang iya nya cahaya putih, Kalsium K enggau garis alfa Hidrogen. Rangkaian magnetometer bepelasarka tanah mantu matau plasma angin solar maya ribut geomagnetik.<ref name="Abidin 2020"/> ==Penerang== {{reflist}} 20jhefkmv2ue7e360smrh7weafzdax6 Jaku Ngaju 0 2255 10136 9029 2024-11-25T14:28:08Z Song GK 9 10136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Jaku orang Dayak Ngaju ari Kalimantan, Indonesia}} {{Infobox language | name = Ngaju | states = [[Indonesia]] | region = [[Kalimantan]] | ethnicity = [[Ngaju]] | speakers = 890,000 | date = 2003 | ref = e18 | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] | fam3 = [[Jaku-jaku Barito Barat|Barito Barat]] | fam4 = Selatan | iso3 = nij | glotto = ngaj1237 | glottorefname = Ngaju | notice = IPA | image = Larangan Membakar Lahan dalam Bahasa Ngaju 160524001.JPG | imagesize = 300px | imagecaption = Tanda jaku tangkan nagang pengawa nunu tanah ngena jaku Ngaju }} '''Jaku Ngaju''' (tauka '''Jaku Dayak Ngaju''') nya siti ari [[jaku-jaku Austronesia]] ke dikena ba kandang menua Kapuas, [[Kahayan River|Kahayan]], Katingan, enggau Sungai Mentaya ba [[Kalimantan Tengah]], [[Indonesia]]. Jaku tu bekaul rat enggau [[Jaku Bakumpai]]. Jaku tu ngembuan tiga iti dialek iya nya—Pulopetak, Ba'amang, and Mantangai.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gordon | first=Raymond G. Jr. |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |date=2005 |publisher=Summer Institute of Linguistics |edition=15th |location=Dallas}}</ref> == Fonologi == === Konsonan === Ngaju ngembuan konsonan-konsonan tu. {|class="wikitable" style=text-align:center |+Konsonan jaku Ngaju<ref name="Mihing & Stokhof 1977">{{harvp|Mihing|Stokhof|1977}}</ref> |-style="font-size: 90%;" ! !colspan=2| Biabial !colspan=2| Koronal !colspan=2| Palatal !colspan=2| Velar !colspan=2| Glotis |- ! <small>Nasal</small> |width=20px style="border-right: 0;"| ||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPAlink|m}} |width=20px style="border-right: 0;"| ||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPAlink|n}} |width=20px style="border-right: 0;"| ||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPAlink|ɲ}} |width=20px style="border-right: 0;"| ||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPAlink|ŋ}} |colspan=2| |- ! <small>Ngetu</small> |style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPAlink|p}}||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPAlink|b}} |style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPAlink|t}}||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPAlink|d}} |style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPAlink|c}}||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPAlink|ɟ}} |style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPAlink|k}}||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPAlink|g}} |colspan=2| |- ! <small>Frikatif</small> |colspan=2| |style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPAlink|s}}||style="border-left: 0;"| |colspan=2| |colspan=2| |width=20px style="border-right: 0;"|{{IPAlink|h}}||width=20px style="border-left: 0;"| |- !rowspan=2| <small>Aproksiman<br>(Lateral)</small> |colspan=2| |colspan=2| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPAlink|j}} |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPAlink|w}} |colspan=2| |- |colspan=2| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPAlink|l}} |colspan=2| |colspan=2| |colspan=2| |- ! <small>Getar</small> |colspan=2| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|{{IPAlink|r}} |colspan=2| |colspan=2| |colspan=2| |} === Vokal === Jaku Ngaju ngembuan vokal baka di baruh tu. Semua vokal kelimpah ari {{IPA|ə}} ulih nyadi panjai.<ref name="Mihing & Stokhof 1977" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Vokal jaku Ngaju<ref name="Mihing & Stokhof 1977" /> ! !! Mua !! Tengah !! Segala belakang |- ! Tinggi | {{IPA link|i}} || || {{IPA link|u}} |- ! Tengah | {{IPA link|e}} || {{IPA link|ə}} || {{IPA link|o}} |- ! Baruh | || {{IPA link|a}} || |} == Leka jaku == Banding leka jaku entara jaku Bakumpai, Ngaju, enggau Iban {| {{table}} |- ![[Jaku Bakumpai|Bakumpai]] !Ngaju ![[Jaku Iban|Iban]] |- |{{Lang|bkr|Jida}}||{{Lang|nij|Dia}}||Enda |- |{{Lang|bkr|Beken}}||{{Lang|nij|Beken}}||Ukai |- |{{Lang|bkr|Pai}}||{{Lang|nij|Pai}}||Kaki |- |{{Lang|bkr|Kueh}}||{{Lang|nij|Kueh}}||Dini |- |{{Lang|bkr|Si-kueh}}||{{Lang|nij|Bara-kueh}}||Ari dini? |- |{{Lang|bkr|Hituh}}||{{Lang|nij|Hetuh}}||Ditu |- |{{Lang|bkr|Bara}}||{{Lang|nij|Bara}}||Ari |- |{{Lang|bkr|Kejaw}}||{{Lang|nij|Kejaw}}||Jauh |- |{{Lang|bkr|Tukep/Parak}}||{{Lang|nij|Tukep}}||Semak |- |{{Lang|bkr|Kuman}}||{{Lang|nij|Kuman}}||Makai |- |{{Lang|bkr|Mihup}}||{{Lang|nij|Mihop}}||Irup |- |{{Lang|bkr|Lebu}}||{{Lang|nij|Lewu}}||Kampung |- |{{Lang|bkr|Batatapas}}||{{Lang|nij|Bapukan}}||Basu |- |} ==Malin== {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] 3lji4lfx01uvfa98am0rxqe815nfl90 Jaku Bugis 0 2618 10131 9987 2024-11-25T14:24:15Z Song GK 9 10131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Jaku Bugis | nativename = ''Basa Ugi''<br>{{Script|Bugi|ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ}} | states = [[Indonesia]] | region = [[Sulawesi Selatan]]; enklaf ba serata Sulawesi, [[Borneo]], [[Sumatra]], [[Maluku (provinsi)|Maluku]], Papua | ethnicity = [[Bugis|Buginese]] | speakers = [[L1 speakers|L1]]: {{sigfig|3.527800|2}} million <br/>[[L2 speakers|L2]]: 500,000 <br/> Total speakers: 4 million | date = 2015 [[United Nations Statistics Division|UNSD]] | ref = e22 | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] | fam3 = [[Jaku-jaku Sulawesi Selatan|Sulawesi Selatan]] | fam4 = Bugis-Tamanik | fam5 = Bugis | script = [[Urup Latin]]<br/>[[Urup Lontara]] | iso2 = bug | iso3 = bug | glotto = bugi1244 | glottorefname = Buginese | map = Bugis-speaking area.svg | mapcaption = Agih jaku Bugis ba serata [[Sulawesi]] }} '''Jaku Bugis''' ({{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ}}}} {{IPA|/basa.uɡi/}}) nya siti jaku ti dikena 4 juta iku orang ba bagi selatan [[Sulawesi]], [[Indonesia]].<ref name=e22/> ==Sistem tulis== Jaku Bugis kala ditulis enggau urup Lontara, siti urup ti bepun ari pampang urup Brahmik, ke mega dikena nulis jaku Makasar enggau Nandar. Nama [[Lontara]] datai ari leka [[jaku Melayu]] {{lang|ms|lontar}}, daun ti nyadi utai tradisional dikena nulis manuskrip ari [[India]], Asia Tenggara enggau [[Indonesia]]. Kemaya tu, jaku tu ditulis ngena urup Latin. ==Chunto== ===Lumur=== Tu lumur dalam jaku Bugis:<ref name=Sirk1983>{{cite book |last=Sirk |first=Ülo |year=1983 |title=The Buginese language |location=Moscow |publisher=Akademia Nauk}}</ref> {| |- |1 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨔᨙᨉᨗ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|seddi}} |- |2 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨉᨘᨓ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|dua}} |- |3 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨈᨛᨒᨘ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|təllu}} |- |4 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨕᨛᨄ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|əppa'}} |- |5 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨒᨗᨆ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|lima}} |- |6 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨕᨛᨊᨛ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|ənnəŋ}} |- |7 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨄᨗᨈᨘ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|pitu}} |- |8 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨕᨑᨘᨓ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|aruá}} |- |9 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨕᨙᨔᨑ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|aserá}} |- |10 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨔᨄᨘᨒᨚ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|səppulo}} |- |20 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨉᨘᨓᨄᨘᨒᨚ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|duappulo}} |- |30 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨈᨛᨒᨘᨄᨘᨒᨚ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|təlluppulo}} |- |40 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨄᨈᨄᨘᨒᨚ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|patappulo}} |- |50 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨒᨗᨆᨄᨘᨒᨚ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|limappulo}} |- |60 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨕᨛᨊᨛᨄᨘᨒᨚᨊ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|ənnəppulona}} |- |70 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨄᨗᨈᨘᨄᨘᨒᨚ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|pituppulo}} |- |80 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨕᨑᨘᨓᨄᨘᨒᨚᨊ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|aruá pulona}} |- |90 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨕᨙᨔᨑᨄᨘᨒᨚᨊ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|aserá pulona}} |- |100 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨔᨗᨑᨈᨘ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|siratu'}} |- |1000 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨔᨗᨔᨛᨅᨘ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|sisəbbu}} |- |10,000 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨔᨗᨒᨔ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|silassa}} |- |100,000 |{{Script|Bugi|{{Lang|bug|ᨔᨗᨀᨛᨈᨗ}}}} |{{lang|bug-latn|sikətti}} |- |} ==Malin== {{reflist}} ==Bibliografi== *{{cite journal |last=Abidin |first=Andi Zainal |year=1971 |title=Notes on the Lontara' as historical sources |journal=Indonesia |volume=12 |issue=12 |pages=159–172 |doi=10.2307/3350664 |jstor=3350664 |hdl=1813/53521 |hdl-access=free }} * {{cite book |last=Cummings |first=William P. |date=2007 |title=A Chain of Kings: The Makassarese Chronicles of Gowa and Talloq |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SfRjAAAAQBAJ |publisher=KITLV Press|isbn=978-9067182874 }} * {{cite journal|last=Hall|first=D. G. E.|date=1965|title=Problems of Indonesian Historiography |journal=Pacific Affairs|volume=38|issue=3/4|pages=353–359|jstor=2754037|doi=10.2307/2754037 }} * Ü. Sirk, The Buginese language, Moscow: Nauka, 1983 * U.H. Sirk, La langue Bugis, Paris: Archipel, 1979 [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] nq1ol12yu8mzt38c659gz7ourstyedb Jaku Seberuang 0 2704 10124 2024-11-25T14:18:00Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox language |name=Jaku Seberuang |nativename= |states=[[Indonesia]] |region=[[Kalimantan Barat]] |speakers=37,000 |date=2007 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Austronesia |fam2=[[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] |fam3=[[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] |fam4=[[Jaku-jaku Ibanik|Ibanik]] |iso3=sbx |glotto=sebe1242 |glottorefname=Seberuang }} '''Jaku Seberuang''' tauka '''Jaku Dayak Seberuang''' nya siti pampang [[jaku-jaku Ibanik]] ti dikena raban ...' 10124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name=Jaku Seberuang |nativename= |states=[[Indonesia]] |region=[[Kalimantan Barat]] |speakers=37,000 |date=2007 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Austronesia |fam2=[[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] |fam3=[[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] |fam4=[[Jaku-jaku Ibanik|Ibanik]] |iso3=sbx |glotto=sebe1242 |glottorefname=Seberuang }} '''Jaku Seberuang''' tauka '''Jaku Dayak Seberuang''' nya siti pampang [[jaku-jaku Ibanik]] ti dikena raban [[bansa Seberuang]] ari [[Kabupaten Sintang]], [[Kalimantan Barat]], [[Indonesia]]. ==Malin== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] 20kfq4dweshmp7ztiuderbu38ugkgx2 10155 10124 2024-11-26T09:04:27Z Song GK 9 10155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name=Jaku Seberuang |nativename= |states=[[Indonesia]] |region=[[Kalimantan Barat]] |speakers=37,000 |date=2007 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Austronesia |fam2=[[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] |fam3=[[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] |fam4=[[Jaku-jaku Ibanik|Ibanik]] |iso3=sbx |glotto=sebe1242 |glottorefname=Seberuang }} '''Jaku Seberuang''' tauka '''Jaku Dayak Seberuang''' nya siti pampang [[jaku-jaku Ibanik]] ti dikena raban [[bansa Seberuang]] ari [[Kabupaten Sintang]], [[Kalimantan Barat]], [[Indonesia]]. ==Malin== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Jaku-jaku Ibanik]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] kx5y65xkrriobwhd0pgj6hqhe2e9u0h Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia 14 2705 10125 2024-11-25T14:19:14Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '[[Kategori:Indonesia]]' 10125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Indonesia]] 53m679nv1vvnty84v6cyhq8ovuc749b Augustine ari Hippo 0 2706 10137 2024-11-25T14:56:49Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox saint | honorific_prefix= Sante | name= Augustine ari Hippo | titles= Bishop Hippo Regius<br /> Lutur Gerija | birth_name = Aurelius Augustinus | birth_date= 13 November 354 | birth_place= [[Thagaste]], [[Numidia Cirtensis]], [[Empayar Rome]] | death_date= 28 Ogos 430 (aged 75) | death_place= [[Hippo Regius]], Numidia Cirtensis, [[Empayar Rome Barat]] | resting_place= [[Pavia]], [[Italo]] | feast_day= {{plainlist| * 28 August (Gerija Latin...' 10137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox saint | honorific_prefix= Sante | name= Augustine ari Hippo | titles= Bishop Hippo Regius<br /> Lutur Gerija | birth_name = Aurelius Augustinus | birth_date= 13 November 354 | birth_place= [[Thagaste]], [[Numidia Cirtensis]], [[Empayar Rome]] | death_date= 28 Ogos 430 (aged 75) | death_place= [[Hippo Regius]], Numidia Cirtensis, [[Empayar Rome Barat]] | resting_place= [[Pavia]], [[Italo]] | feast_day= {{plainlist| * 28 August ([[Gerija Latin]], [[Kristian Barat]]) * 15 June ([[Kristian Timur]]) * 4 November ([[Gerija Asiria Timur|Asiria]])}} | image= Saint Augustine by Philippe de Champaigne.jpg | caption= ''Saint Augustin'' by [[Philippe de Champaigne]], {{c.|1645|lk=no}} | imagesize = 230 | venerated_in= Semua denominasyen Kristian ke bebasaka sante | beatified_date = | beatified_place = | beatified_by = | canonized_date = Sebedau eklesia | canonized_place = | canonized_by = | major_shrine =[[San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro]], [[Pavia]], [[Itali]] | attributes = [[Crozier]], [[mitre]], nembiak mit, bup, gerija mit, ati berapi tauka ditebuk<ref>{{Cite book| last = Hall| first = James| title = Hall's Dictionary of Subjects and Symbols in Art| page = 35| year = 1996| edition = 2nd| publisher = John Murray | isbn = 0-7195-4147-6}}; {{Cite book| last = Daniel| first = Howard | title = Encyclopedia of Themes and Subjects in Painting| page = 35| year = 1971| publisher = Thames and Hudson | isbn = 0-500-18114-4}}</ref> | patronage = {{hlist|Tukang ngaga bir|Penyelak|Raban teologi|Raban Filosofi|Sakit mata|[[Bridgeport, Connecticut]]|[[Cagayan de Oro]]|[[San Agustin, Isabela]]|[[Mendez, Cavite]]|[[Tanza|Tanza, Cavite]]|[[Baliwag|Baliwag, Bulacan]]|[[Iba, Zambales]]}} | module = {{Infobox philosopher | embed = yes | region = Filosofi Barat | era = {{plainlist| * Filosofi keloa * Filosofi Jeman Tengah}} | school_tradition = {{flatlist| * [[Augustinianisme]] }} | notable_students = [[Orosius|Paul Orosius]]{{sfn|Nguyen|Prior|2014|p=66}}<br/>[[Prosper of Aquitaine]] | main_interests = {{plainlist| * [[Christian anthropology]] * [[Biblical criticism]] * [[Epistemology]] * [[Ethics]] * [[Metaphysics]] * [[Pedagogy]] * [[Philosophy of religion]] * [[Theodicy]] * [[Theology]] }} | notable_works ={{plainlist| * ''[[Confessions (Augustine)|Confessions]]'' * ''[[On Christian Doctrine]]'' * ''[[On the Trinity]]'' * ''[[City of God (book)|The City of God]]''}} | notable_ideas = {{collapsible list|title={{nbsp}} |''[[Filioque]]''{{sfn|Siecienski|2010}} |[[Original sin]]<ref>Bonaiuti, Ernesto, and Giorgio La Piana. “The Genesis of St. Augustine's Idea of Original Sin.” ''The Harvard Theological Review'', vol. 10, no. 2, 1917, pp. 159–75. ''JSTOR'', http://www.jstor.org/stable/1507550. Accessed 20 June 2022.</ref> |[[Free will in theology#Roman Catholic|Free will]] |[[Augustinian soteriology]] |[[Just war theory]] |[[Absence of good]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Augustine|title=Enchridion|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf103.iv.ii.xiii.html|chapter=What Is Called Evil in the Universe Is But the Absence of Good|access-date=17 November 2012}}</ref> |[[Concupiscence]]{{sfn|Greenblatt|2017}} |[[Sacramental character]]{{sfn|Ryan|1908}} |[[Augustinian hypothesis]]<ref>St. Augustine, ''The Harmony of the Gospels'', Book 1 chapter 2 paragraph 4. from [http://www.hypotyposeis.org/synoptic-problem/2004/10/external-evidence-augustine.html hypothesis.com]</ref> |[[Augustinian theodicy]] |[[Augustinian values]]{{sfn|Esmeralda|n.d.|p=}}|[[Divine command theory]]{{sfn|Austin|2006}} |[[Amillennialism]] |''[[You are Christ]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholic.org/prayers/prayer.php?s=5|title=Jesus Christ Prayers – Prayers|first=Catholic|last=Online|website=Catholic Online}}</ref> |[[Deity]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=deity |title=Deity |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=6 June 2017}}</ref> |''[[Solvitur ambulando]]''{{sfn|Huffington|2013}}|[[Heroic virtue]]{{sfn|Wilhelm|1910}} |''[[Incurvatus in se]]''{{sfn|Jenson|2006}} |[[Allegorical interpretations of Genesis|Genesis as an allegory]]<ref>''Literal Interpretation of Genesis'' 1:19–20, Chapt. 19</ref><ref>''The Literal Interpretation of Genesis'' 2:9</ref> |[[Divine illumination]] |[[Theocentricism]]{{sfn|Demacopoulos|Papanikolaou|2008|p=271}} |[[Limbo of Infants|Limbo]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/15011.htm |title=CHURCH FATHERS: On Merit and the Forgiveness of Sins, and the Baptism of Infants, Book I (Augustine) |publisher=www.newadvent.org}}</ref> }}}}}} '''Augustine ari Hippo''' ({{langx|la|Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis}}; 13 November 354 – 28 Ogos 430),{{sfn|Wells| 2000|p=54}} mega dikelala enggau nama '''Sante Augustine''', nya siku raban teologi enggau filosofi ti datai ari bansa [[Berber]] sereta nyadi bishop [[Hippo Regius]] ba Numidia, Afrika Utara ke maya nya dipegai Empayar Rome. Tulis iya bangat merangsang filosofi Barat enggau [[Kristian Barat]], sereta iya dikumbai Apai Gerija Latin maya Jeman Patristik. Pengawa iya ti pemadu beguna iya nya ''[[The City of God]]'', ''[[De Doctrina Christiana|On Christian Doctrine]]'', enggau ''[[Confessions (Augustine)|Confessions]]''. ==Malin== {{Reflist}} qp7kq0hlxmrcysx9e8oqc5xnz61k0t8 Debak 0 2707 10138 2024-11-25T15:39:18Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox settlement | name = Debak | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_shield = | image_map = | coordinates = {{coord|1.56667|111.41667|region:MY|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = Borneo | pushpin_label_position = right | subdivision_type = Menua | subdivision_name = {{flag|Malaysia}} | subdivision_type1 = Negeri | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Sarawak}} | subdivision_type2 = Begian | subdivision_name2 = Begian Betong|Betong...' 10138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Debak | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_shield = | image_map = | coordinates = {{coord|1.56667|111.41667|region:MY|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = Borneo | pushpin_label_position = right | subdivision_type = Menua | subdivision_name = {{flag|Malaysia}} | subdivision_type1 = Negeri | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Sarawak}} | subdivision_type2 = Begian | subdivision_name2 = [[Begian Betong|Betong]] | elevation_m = 102 }} '''Debak''' nya siti mengeri mit ti bepalan ba [[Begian Betong]], [[Sarawak]]. ==Sejarah== Enda ditemu maya mengeri Debak tu udah ditumbuhka.<ref name="debakspaoh">{{cite web |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/06/23/spaoh-debak-tales-of-2-less-travelled-towns/ |title=Spaoh, Debak: Tales of 2 less-travelled towns |publisher=[[The Borneo Post]] |access-date=23 June 2016}}</ref> Ba pun taun 1980-an, siti penusah angus udah nyadi ba pasar Debak. Pasar ke bisi diatu udah digaga baru maya taun 1989.<ref name="debakspaoh"/> ==Malin== {{reflist}} {{Sarawak}} 5x4miaz2fbfecqpykfevwu1k3rkfj32 Ba'kelalan 0 2708 10139 2024-11-25T15:57:37Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ba'kelalan | settlement_type = Mengeri | translit_lang1 = | translit_lang1_type1 = | translit_lang1_info1 = | translit_lang1_type2 = | translit_lang1_info2 = | nickname = | motto = | image_skyline = Ba'kelalan paddy rice field.JPG | imagesize = | image_caption = Umai ba Ba'kelalan | image_seal...' 10139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ba'kelalan | settlement_type = Mengeri | translit_lang1 = | translit_lang1_type1 = | translit_lang1_info1 = | translit_lang1_type2 = | translit_lang1_info2 = | nickname = | motto = | image_skyline = Ba'kelalan paddy rice field.JPG | imagesize = | image_caption = Umai ba Ba'kelalan | image_seal = | seal_type = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | pushpin_map = Malaysia East | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_map_caption = Endur ba Borneo | coordinates = {{coord|3|59|44|N|115|37|21|E|region:MY|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Menua | subdivision_name = {{flagu|Malaysia}} | subdivision_type1 = Negeri | subdivision_name1 = {{flagu|Sarawak}} | subdivision_type2 = Begian | subdivision_name2 = [[Begian Limbang]] | subdivision_type3 = Pelilih Menua | subdivision_name3 = [[Pelilih Menua Lawas]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | established_title = | established_date = | established_title1 = | established_date1 = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Penghulu | leader_name = George Sigar Sultan<ref>{{cite news|last1=Davidson|first1=Desmond|title=Ba Kelalan villagers choke off trade route to punish Indonesians|url=https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/2392/|access-date=18 September 2017|publisher=The Malaysian Insight|date=1 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918232516/https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/2392/|archive-date=18 September 2017}}</ref> | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | total_type = | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank2_title = | area_blank2_km2 = | area_note = | elevation_m = 910 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_max_footnotes = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref> tags --> | elevation_min_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="AmL"/> | population_total = 1030 | population_as_of = 2003 | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = <!-- Leave blank. Value will be auto-converted. --> | timezone1 = Jam Standard Malaysia | utc_offset1 = +8 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = Kod pos | postal_code = 98xxx | blank_name = | blank_info = | blank1_name = | blank1_info = | website = | footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref> tags --> }} '''Ba'kelalan''' nya kandang menua ti ngundan semilan kampung ba Tanah Tinggi Maligan di [[Begian Limbang]], [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]] urung {{convert|3000|ft|m}} atas tikas tasik sereta 4&nbsp;km ari garis entara menua ba [[Kalimantan]], Indonesia enggau 150&nbsp;km ari mengeri ti pemadu semak, iya nya [[Lawas]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cecilia |first1=Sman |title=Ba Kelalan ready to flaunt its rich treasures for VMY 2014 |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2013/12/31/ba-kelalan-ready-to-flaunt-its-rich-treasures-for-vmy-2014/ |access-date=4 August 2019 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=31 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701074848/https://www.theborneopost.com/2013/12/31/ba-kelalan-ready-to-flaunt-its-rich-treasures-for-vmy-2014/ |archive-date=1 July 2018}}</ref> ==Demografi== Bansa ke mayuh nguan kandang menua tu iya nya bansa [[Lun Bawang]].<ref name="bt"/> Tebal agi orang Lun Bawang bepengarap Kristian ari denominasyen [[Sidang Injil Borneo]]. Gerija nya institusyen ti pemadu beguna lalu tiap kampung ditu ngembuan gerija kediri. Servis gerija enggau aum sembiang suah digaga ditu.<ref name="AmL"/> Ketegal denominasyen sida nagang pengirup alkohol, pemansut asil padi udah majak niki.<ref name="Lily"/> ==Malin== {{reflist|refs= <ref name="AmL">{{cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Borders+of+kinship+and+ethnicity%3A+cross-border+relations+between+the...-a0134382059|title=Borders of kinship and ethnicity: cross-border relations between the Kelalan Valley, Sarawak, and the Bawan Valley, East Kalimantan|work=Borneo Research Bulletin|date=1 January 2004|author1=Ardhana, I. Ketut |author2=Langub, Jayl |author3=Chew, Daniel |access-date=5 August 2008}}</ref> <ref name="bt">{{cite web|url=http://bt.com.bn/en/life/2008/04/05/sweet_home_bakelalan |title=Sweet home, Ba'Kelalan |work=[[The Brunei Times]] |date=5 April 2008 |author=Ravichandran DJ Paul |access-date=16 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831201207/http://bt.com.bn/en/life/2008/04/05/sweet_home_bakelalan |archive-date=31 August 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref> <ref name=Lily>{{cite web|url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/108042|title=Church in Borneo|date=9 July 2009|author=Keruah Usit|access-date=9 July 2009|quote=The SIB transformed the lifestyle of many rural communities. Its prohibition of alcohol enabled the Lun Bawang in Ba'kelalan, for example, to double their rice harvests. SIB missionaries visit tiny communities such as Long Siang, in all corners of Sarawak. </ref>}} 4imejomykf8uqeo8t7xok7hj0a1pwcr 10140 10139 2024-11-25T16:00:54Z Song GK 9 10140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ba'kelalan | settlement_type = Mengeri | translit_lang1 = | translit_lang1_type1 = | translit_lang1_info1 = | translit_lang1_type2 = | translit_lang1_info2 = | nickname = | motto = | image_skyline = Ba'kelalan paddy rice field.JPG | imagesize = | image_caption = Umai ba Ba'kelalan | image_seal = | seal_type = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | pushpin_map = Malaysia East | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_map_caption = Endur ba Borneo | coordinates = {{coord|3|59|44|N|115|37|21|E|region:MY|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Menua | subdivision_name = {{flagu|Malaysia}} | subdivision_type1 = Negeri | subdivision_name1 = {{flagu|Sarawak}} | subdivision_type2 = Begian | subdivision_name2 = [[Begian Limbang]] | subdivision_type3 = Pelilih Menua | subdivision_name3 = [[Pelilih Menua Lawas]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | established_title = | established_date = | established_title1 = | established_date1 = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Penghulu | leader_name = George Sigar Sultan<ref>{{cite news|last1=Davidson|first1=Desmond|title=Ba Kelalan villagers choke off trade route to punish Indonesians|url=https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/2392/|access-date=18 September 2017|publisher=The Malaysian Insight|date=1 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918232516/https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/2392/|archive-date=18 September 2017}}</ref> | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | total_type = | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank2_title = | area_blank2_km2 = | area_note = | elevation_m = 910 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_max_footnotes = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref> tags --> | elevation_min_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="AmL"/> | population_total = 1030 | population_as_of = 2003 | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = <!-- Leave blank. Value will be auto-converted. --> | timezone1 = Jam Standard Malaysia | utc_offset1 = +8 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = Kod pos | postal_code = 98xxx | blank_name = | blank_info = | blank1_name = | blank1_info = | website = | footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref> tags --> }} '''Ba'kelalan''' nya kandang menua ti ngundan semilan kampung ba Tanah Tinggi Maligan di [[Begian Limbang]], [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]] urung {{convert|3000|ft|m}} atas tikas tasik sereta 4&nbsp;km ari garis entara menua ba [[Kalimantan]], Indonesia enggau 150&nbsp;km ari mengeri ti pemadu semak, iya nya [[Lawas]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cecilia |first1=Sman |title=Ba Kelalan ready to flaunt its rich treasures for VMY 2014 |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2013/12/31/ba-kelalan-ready-to-flaunt-its-rich-treasures-for-vmy-2014/ |access-date=4 August 2019 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=31 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701074848/https://www.theborneopost.com/2013/12/31/ba-kelalan-ready-to-flaunt-its-rich-treasures-for-vmy-2014/ |archive-date=1 July 2018}}</ref> ==Etimologi== Nama Ba’Kelalan datai ari Sungai Kelalan lalu Ba’ mai reti ''tanah paya'' dalam [[jaku Lun Bawang]].<ref name="Lily"/> ==Demografi== Bansa ke mayuh nguan kandang menua tu iya nya bansa [[Lun Bawang]].<ref name="bt"/> Tebal agi orang Lun Bawang bepengarap Kristian ari denominasyen [[Sidang Injil Borneo]]. Gerija nya institusyen ti pemadu beguna lalu tiap kampung ditu ngembuan gerija kediri. Servis gerija enggau aum sembiang suah digaga ditu.<ref name="AmL"/> Ketegal denominasyen sida nagang pengirup alkohol, pemansut asil padi udah majak niki.<ref name="Lily"/> ==Malin== {{reflist|refs= <ref name="AmL">{{cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Borders+of+kinship+and+ethnicity%3A+cross-border+relations+between+the...-a0134382059|title=Borders of kinship and ethnicity: cross-border relations between the Kelalan Valley, Sarawak, and the Bawan Valley, East Kalimantan|work=Borneo Research Bulletin|date=1 January 2004|author1=Ardhana, I. Ketut |author2=Langub, Jayl |author3=Chew, Daniel |access-date=5 August 2008}}</ref> <ref name="bt">{{cite web|url=http://bt.com.bn/en/life/2008/04/05/sweet_home_bakelalan |title=Sweet home, Ba'Kelalan |work=[[The Brunei Times]] |date=5 April 2008 |author=Ravichandran DJ Paul |access-date=16 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831201207/http://bt.com.bn/en/life/2008/04/05/sweet_home_bakelalan |archive-date=31 August 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref> <ref name=Lily>{{cite web|url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/108042|title=Church in Borneo|date=9 July 2009|author=Keruah Usit|access-date=9 July 2009|quote=The SIB transformed the lifestyle of many rural communities. Its prohibition of alcohol enabled the Lun Bawang in Ba'kelalan, for example, to double their rice harvests. SIB missionaries visit tiny communities such as Long Siang, in all corners of Sarawak. </ref>}} {{Sarawak}} n22gaxgg4q13zh8c34fsa2afd6ok2ac 10141 10140 2024-11-25T16:01:38Z Song GK 9 /* Malin */ 10141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ba'kelalan | settlement_type = Mengeri | translit_lang1 = | translit_lang1_type1 = | translit_lang1_info1 = | translit_lang1_type2 = | translit_lang1_info2 = | nickname = | motto = | image_skyline = Ba'kelalan paddy rice field.JPG | imagesize = | image_caption = Umai ba Ba'kelalan | image_seal = | seal_type = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | pushpin_map = Malaysia East | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_map_caption = Endur ba Borneo | coordinates = {{coord|3|59|44|N|115|37|21|E|region:MY|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Menua | subdivision_name = {{flagu|Malaysia}} | subdivision_type1 = Negeri | subdivision_name1 = {{flagu|Sarawak}} | subdivision_type2 = Begian | subdivision_name2 = [[Begian Limbang]] | subdivision_type3 = Pelilih Menua | subdivision_name3 = [[Pelilih Menua Lawas]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | established_title = | established_date = | established_title1 = | established_date1 = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Penghulu | leader_name = George Sigar Sultan<ref>{{cite news|last1=Davidson|first1=Desmond|title=Ba Kelalan villagers choke off trade route to punish Indonesians|url=https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/2392/|access-date=18 September 2017|publisher=The Malaysian Insight|date=1 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918232516/https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/2392/|archive-date=18 September 2017}}</ref> | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | total_type = | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank2_title = | area_blank2_km2 = | area_note = | elevation_m = 910 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_max_footnotes = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref> tags --> | elevation_min_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="AmL"/> | population_total = 1030 | population_as_of = 2003 | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = <!-- Leave blank. Value will be auto-converted. --> | timezone1 = Jam Standard Malaysia | utc_offset1 = +8 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = Kod pos | postal_code = 98xxx | blank_name = | blank_info = | blank1_name = | blank1_info = | website = | footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref> tags --> }} '''Ba'kelalan''' nya kandang menua ti ngundan semilan kampung ba Tanah Tinggi Maligan di [[Begian Limbang]], [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]] urung {{convert|3000|ft|m}} atas tikas tasik sereta 4&nbsp;km ari garis entara menua ba [[Kalimantan]], Indonesia enggau 150&nbsp;km ari mengeri ti pemadu semak, iya nya [[Lawas]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cecilia |first1=Sman |title=Ba Kelalan ready to flaunt its rich treasures for VMY 2014 |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2013/12/31/ba-kelalan-ready-to-flaunt-its-rich-treasures-for-vmy-2014/ |access-date=4 August 2019 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=31 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701074848/https://www.theborneopost.com/2013/12/31/ba-kelalan-ready-to-flaunt-its-rich-treasures-for-vmy-2014/ |archive-date=1 July 2018}}</ref> ==Etimologi== Nama Ba’Kelalan datai ari Sungai Kelalan lalu Ba’ mai reti ''tanah paya'' dalam [[jaku Lun Bawang]].<ref name="Lily"/> ==Demografi== Bansa ke mayuh nguan kandang menua tu iya nya bansa [[Lun Bawang]].<ref name="bt"/> Tebal agi orang Lun Bawang bepengarap Kristian ari denominasyen [[Sidang Injil Borneo]]. Gerija nya institusyen ti pemadu beguna lalu tiap kampung ditu ngembuan gerija kediri. Servis gerija enggau aum sembiang suah digaga ditu.<ref name="AmL"/> Ketegal denominasyen sida nagang pengirup alkohol, pemansut asil padi udah majak niki.<ref name="Lily"/> ==Malin== {{reflist|refs= <ref name="AmL">{{cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Borders+of+kinship+and+ethnicity%3A+cross-border+relations+between+the...-a0134382059|title=Borders of kinship and ethnicity: cross-border relations between the Kelalan Valley, Sarawak, and the Bawan Valley, East Kalimantan|work=Borneo Research Bulletin|date=1 January 2004|author1=Ardhana, I. Ketut |author2=Langub, Jayl |author3=Chew, Daniel |access-date=5 August 2008}}</ref> <ref name="bt">{{cite web|url=http://bt.com.bn/en/life/2008/04/05/sweet_home_bakelalan |title=Sweet home, Ba'Kelalan |work=[[The Brunei Times]] |date=5 April 2008 |author=Ravichandran DJ Paul |access-date=16 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831201207/http://bt.com.bn/en/life/2008/04/05/sweet_home_bakelalan |archive-date=31 August 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref> <ref name=Lily>{{cite web|url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/108042|title=Church in Borneo|date=9 July 2009|author=Keruah Usit|access-date=9 July 2009|quote=The SIB transformed the lifestyle of many rural communities. Its prohibition of alcohol enabled the Lun Bawang in Ba'kelalan, for example, to double their rice harvests. SIB missionaries visit tiny communities such as Long Siang, in all corners of Sarawak.}} </ref>}} {{Sarawak}} 9gft5lum1h62lgq7f85omambee8qslw Pelilih Menua Lawas 0 2709 10142 2024-11-25T16:23:28Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox settlement |name = Pelilih Menua Lawas |image_skyline = File:Lawas - The Border Town.jpg |image_caption = Pasar Lawas |image_map = Sarawaklimbanglawas.PNG |subdivision_type1 = Menua |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Malaysia}} |subdivision_type2 = Negeri |subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Sarawak}} |area_total_km2 = 3,811.90 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_as_of = 2020 |population_footnote...' 10142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Pelilih Menua Lawas |image_skyline = File:Lawas - The Border Town.jpg |image_caption = Pasar Lawas |image_map = Sarawaklimbanglawas.PNG |subdivision_type1 = Menua |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Malaysia}} |subdivision_type2 = Negeri |subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Sarawak}} |area_total_km2 = 3,811.90 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_as_of = 2020 |population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official Portal of the Sarawak Government |url=https://sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/240/175/ |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=sarawak.gov.my}}</ref> |population_total = 46200 |seat_type = Palan Opis Pelilih Menua |seat = Lawas |parts_type = Opis kandang pelilih menua |parts = Opis Pelilih Lawas |blank1_name = Raban bansa |blank1_info = [[Lun Bawang]], [[Melayu Brunei]], [[Kedayan]], [[Iban]], [[Orang China Malaysia|China]], ke bukai }} '''Pelilih Menua Lawas''' nya siti pelilih menua ti bepalan ba timur [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]]. Pelilih menua tu dipegai [[Begian Limbang]]. Indu nengeri pelilih menua tu iya nya Pasar Lawas. Peliluh menua tu dipelaba mungkur pemesai 3,811 kilometer persegi lalu penyampau tubuh 36,604 iku orang maya taun 2020. Majoriti orang ke diau ba pelilih menua tu bebanaa [[Lun Bawang]], [[Kedayan]], [[Murut]] enggau [[Melayu]]. == Sejarah == Keterubah iya, Lawas nya bagi ari [[Empayar Brunei]] sebedau dipajakka ngagai [[Serikat Borneo Utara British]]. Maya 5 Januari 1905, kandang menua Sungai Lawas udah diberi Syarikat Borneo Utara British ngagai [[Rajah Putih Sarawak|Sarawak]], enggau sempekat ari perintah British.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lawasdc.sarawak.gov.my/web/subpage/webpage_view/67|title=Latarbelakang - Laman Web Rasmi Majlis Daerah Lawas|website=lawasdc.sarawak.gov.my|access-date=2024-11-13}}</ref> Kandang menua Sungai Trusan nya di baruh perintah Sarawak kenyau 3 Januari 1885, lalu dipasukka di baruh Baegian Keempat beserimbai enggau Kidurong enggau Baram. Kandang menua Sungai Lawas tu lalu dipegulaika enggau kandang menua Sungai Trusan lalu numbuhka pelilih menua baru iya nya Lawas. Udah nya, pelilih menua tu dipasukka ngagau Begian Kelima beserimbai enggau [[pelilih menua Limbang]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://limbang.sarawak.gov.my/web/subpage/webpage_view/314/lawasdo|title=Info Daerah Lawas - Portal Rasmi Pentadbiran Bahagian Limbang|website=limbang.sarawak.gov.my|access-date=2024-11-13}}</ref> ==Malin== {{reflist}} on83gt875jo5i7wxrkarcmdbrukdcda 10143 10142 2024-11-25T16:24:39Z Song GK 9 10143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Pelilih Menua Lawas |image_skyline = File:Lawas - The Border Town.jpg |image_caption = Pasar Lawas |image_map = Sarawaklimbanglawas.PNG |subdivision_type1 = Menua |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Malaysia}} |subdivision_type2 = Negeri |subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Sarawak}} |area_total_km2 = 3,811.90 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_as_of = 2020 |population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official Portal of the Sarawak Government |url=https://sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/240/175/ |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=sarawak.gov.my}}</ref> |population_total = 46200 |seat_type = Palan Opis Pelilih Menua |seat = Lawas |parts_type = Opis kandang pelilih menua |parts = Opis Pelilih Lawas |blank1_name = Raban bansa |blank1_info = [[Lun Bawang]], [[Melayu Brunei]], [[Kedayan]], [[Iban]], [[Orang China Malaysia|China]], ke bukai }} '''Pelilih Menua Lawas''' nya siti pelilih menua ti bepalan ba timur [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]]. Pelilih menua tu dipegai [[Begian Limbang]]. Indu nengeri pelilih menua tu iya nya Pasar Lawas. Peliluh menua tu dipelaba mungkur pemesai 3,811 kilometer persegi lalu penyampau tubuh 36,604 iku orang maya taun 2020. Majoriti orang ke diau ba pelilih menua tu bebanaa [[Lun Bawang]], [[Kedayan]], [[Murut]] enggau [[Melayu]]. == Sejarah == Keterubah iya, Lawas nya bagi ari [[Empayar Brunei]] sebedau dipajakka ngagai [[Serikat Borneo Utara British]]. Maya 5 Januari 1905, kandang menua Sungai Lawas udah diberi Syarikat Borneo Utara British ngagai [[Rajah Putih Sarawak|Sarawak]], enggau sempekat ari perintah British.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lawasdc.sarawak.gov.my/web/subpage/webpage_view/67|title=Latarbelakang - Laman Web Rasmi Majlis Daerah Lawas|website=lawasdc.sarawak.gov.my|access-date=2024-11-13}}</ref> Kandang menua Sungai Trusan nya di baruh perintah Sarawak kenyau 3 Januari 1885, lalu dipasukka di baruh Baegian Keempat beserimbai enggau Kidurong enggau Baram. Kandang menua Sungai Lawas tu lalu dipegulaika enggau kandang menua Sungai Trusan lalu numbuhka pelilih menua baru iya nya Lawas. Udah nya, pelilih menua tu dipasukka ngagau Begian Kelima beserimbai enggau [[pelilih menua Limbang]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://limbang.sarawak.gov.my/web/subpage/webpage_view/314/lawasdo|title=Info Daerah Lawas - Portal Rasmi Pentadbiran Bahagian Limbang|website=limbang.sarawak.gov.my|access-date=2024-11-13}}</ref> ==Malin== {{reflist}} {{Sarawak}} qype22gu8qsm6z2e2rqni07t6p1049n 10144 10143 2024-11-25T16:26:16Z Song GK 9 Pemendar sepil 10144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Pelilih Menua Lawas |image_skyline = File:Lawas - The Border Town.jpg |image_caption = Pasar Lawas |image_map = Sarawaklimbanglawas.PNG |subdivision_type1 = Menua |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Malaysia}} |subdivision_type2 = Negeri |subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Sarawak}} |area_total_km2 = 3,811.90 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_as_of = 2020 |population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official Portal of the Sarawak Government |url=https://sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/240/175/ |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=sarawak.gov.my}}</ref> |population_total = 46200 |seat_type = Palan Opis Pelilih Menua |seat = Lawas |parts_type = Opis kandang pelilih menua |parts = Opis Pelilih Lawas |blank1_name = Raban bansa |blank1_info = [[Lun Bawang]], [[Melayu Brunei]], [[Kedayan]], [[Iban]], [[Orang China Malaysia|China]], ke bukai }} '''Pelilih Menua Lawas''' nya siti pelilih menua ti bepalan ba timur [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]]. Pelilih menua tu dipegai [[Begian Limbang]]. Indu nengeri pelilih menua tu iya nya Pasar Lawas. Pelilih menua tu dipelaba mungkur pemesai 3,811 kilometer persegi lalu penyampau tubuh 36,604 iku orang maya taun 2020. Majoriti orang ke diau ba pelilih menua tu bebanaa [[Lun Bawang]], [[Kedayan]], [[Murut]] enggau [[Melayu]]. == Sejarah == Keterubah iya, Lawas nya bagi ari [[Empayar Brunei]] sebedau dipajakka ngagai [[Serikat Borneo Utara British]]. Maya 5 Januari 1905, kandang menua Sungai Lawas udah diberi Syarikat Borneo Utara British ngagai [[Rajah Putih Sarawak|Sarawak]], enggau sempekat ari perintah British.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lawasdc.sarawak.gov.my/web/subpage/webpage_view/67|title=Latarbelakang - Laman Web Rasmi Majlis Daerah Lawas|website=lawasdc.sarawak.gov.my|access-date=2024-11-13}}</ref> Kandang menua Sungai Trusan nya di baruh perintah Sarawak kenyau 3 Januari 1885, lalu dipasukka di baruh Baegian Keempat beserimbai enggau Kidurong enggau Baram. Kandang menua Sungai Lawas tu lalu dipegulaika enggau kandang menua Sungai Trusan lalu numbuhka pelilih menua baru iya nya Lawas. Udah nya, pelilih menua tu dipasukka ngagau Begian Kelima beserimbai enggau [[pelilih menua Limbang]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://limbang.sarawak.gov.my/web/subpage/webpage_view/314/lawasdo|title=Info Daerah Lawas - Portal Rasmi Pentadbiran Bahagian Limbang|website=limbang.sarawak.gov.my|access-date=2024-11-13}}</ref> ==Malin== {{reflist}} {{Sarawak}} pgewzut5xucmc26keu71beqv24ef6hq Muzium Kimchi 0 2710 10145 2024-11-25T16:52:19Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox museum | name = Muzium Kimchikan | image = Korea-Seoul-Kimchi Field Museum-01.jpg | caption = Palan lama muzium tu ba COEX (2007) | established = {{Start date|1986}} | location = 35-4, [[Insa-dong]], [[Pelilih Menua Jongno]], [[Seoul]], Korea Selatan | coordinates = {{coord|37.57352|126.98484|type:landmark_region:KR|display=title,inline}} | mapframe-zoom = 16 | type = Muzium pemakai | o...' 10145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox museum | name = Muzium Kimchikan | image = Korea-Seoul-Kimchi Field Museum-01.jpg | caption = Palan lama muzium tu ba COEX (2007) | established = {{Start date|1986}} | location = 35-4, [[Insa-dong]], [[Pelilih Menua Jongno]], [[Seoul]], Korea Selatan | coordinates = {{coord|37.57352|126.98484|type:landmark_region:KR|display=title,inline}} | mapframe-zoom = 16 | type = Muzium pemakai | owner = [[Pulmuone|Pulmuone Inc]] | website = {{URL|https://www.kimchikan.com/en/}} (in English) | embedded = {{Infobox Korean name |hangul=뮤지엄 김치간 |rr=Myujieom gimchigan |mr=Myujiŏm kimch'igan |child=yes }} }} '''Muzium Kimchi''' ({{Korean|hangul=뮤지엄 김치간}}), suba dikelala enggau nama '''Muzium Padang Kimchi''', nya siti muzium pemakai ba [[Insa-dong]], [[Pelilih Menua Jongno]], [[Seoul]], Korea Selatan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Directions |url=https://www.kimchikan.com/en/?page_id=12 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Kimchikan |language=en-US}}</ref> Keterubah iya buka maya taun 1986 nyadi muzium keterubah baka nya ba Korea, lalu udah nya udah mindah endur dua kali.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Introduction {{!}} Kimchikan |url=https://www.kimchikan.com/en/?page_id=8 |access-date=2023-10-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> Muzium tu betuju ngagau [[kimchi]]: siti ari pemakai ti pemadu penting ba Korea. == Penerang == Bepelasarka sejarah pemakai tu, pemida ari sukut jeman enggau palan, sereta pementing pemakai tu dalam budaya enggau pemakai Korea. Muzium tu ngumpul data enggau statistik pasal kimchi pia mega suah meri aktiviti ngagai temuai baka demonstrasyen proses ngaga kimchi, ngasai kimchi, enggau kelas nyumai.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kang |first=Michelle |date=25 May 2012 |title=Kimchi, liquor on display at unique museums |newspaper=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]] |url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2953372 |url-status=bot: unknown |accessdate=6 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117114739/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2953372 |archivedate=17 November 2014}}</ref> Muzium tu tutup maya Hari Satu, sereta maya Taun Baru China enggau Krismas. Bayar tama ngagai muzium tu iya nya KRW 5,000 ungkup orang besai (19 ke atas), KRW 3,000 ungkup nembiak (8-18), enggau KRW 2,000 ungkup anak mit (3-7), lalu enti dipegulaika enggau Woksyop Kimchi Kubis, rega bayar tama iya KRW 25,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exhibition, Experiences, and Reservation |url=https://www.kimchikan.com/en/experienceAndRsv |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=www.kimchikan.com}}</ref> ==Sejarah== Muzium Padang Kimchi keterubah kali ditumbuhka maya taun 1986 ba [[Pil-dong]], [[Pelilih Menua Jung]].<ref name=":0" /> Muzium tu muzium kimchi keterubah ba menua tu.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyau taun 1987, muzium tu diatur [[Pulmuone]] Inc.<ref name=":0" /> Maya taun 1988, muzium tu dipindahka ngafai COEX (Convention and Exhibition Center), ketegal Lumba Olimpil Musin Angat 1988 ti diatur ba Seoul maya taun nya.<ref name=":0" /> Maya taun 2015, muzium tu dipilih ''[[CNN]]'' nyadi siti ari muzium pemakai ke-11 pemadu manah ba dunya.<ref name=":0" /> Muzium tu dipindah agi ari palan COEX, lalu dibuka baru ba endur kemaya tu ba Insa-dong maya 21 April 2015.<ref name=":0" /> ==Malin== <references /> qhtvwpyqo57gkkqkjxg6b9oymiiine9 Linut 0 2711 10146 2024-11-26T02:28:51Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox food | name = Linut | image = Ambuyat in Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Linut | alternate_name = Ambuyat | country = | region = [[Brunei]] enggau [[Malaysia Timur]] ([[Sarawak]], [[Labuan]] enggau [[Sabah]]) | creator = [[Melayu Brunei]], [[Lun Bawang|Lundayeh/Lun Bawang]], [[Bajau]], [[Kadazan-Dusun]], [[Bisaya (Borneo)]] | course...' 10146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = Linut | image = Ambuyat in Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Linut | alternate_name = Ambuyat | country = | region = [[Brunei]] enggau [[Malaysia Timur]] ([[Sarawak]], [[Labuan]] enggau [[Sabah]]) | creator = [[Melayu Brunei]], [[Lun Bawang|Lundayeh/Lun Bawang]], [[Bajau]], [[Kadazan-Dusun]], [[Bisaya (Borneo)]] | course = | type = | served = | main_ingredient = [[Sagu]] | variations = | calories = <span style="color:#0000FF">''842''</span> | other = }} '''Linut''' tauka '''ambuyat''' nya siti pemakai ti digaga ari tepung sagu. Pemakai tu pemakai nasional ba [[Brunei]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bt.com.bn/life/2009/02/21/fostering_family_ties_with_ambuyat_feasts|title=Fostering family ties with ambuyat feasts|author=Bahrum Ali|publisher=[[The Brunei Times]]|date=21 February 2009|access-date=5 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404180705/http://bt.com.bn/life/2009/02/21/fostering_family_ties_with_ambuyat_feasts|archive-date=4 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/art-culture/2011/01/08/ambuyat-our-iconic-heritage|title=Ambuyat - Our iconic heritage|author=Jessica Tiah|publisher=The Brunei Times|date=8 January 2011|access-date=5 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404182236/http://www.bt.com.bn/art-culture/2011/01/08/ambuyat-our-iconic-heritage|archive-date=4 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> sereta suah mega dipantaika ba negeri [[Malaysia Timur]] iya nya [[Sarawak]], [[Sabah]], enggau [[Labuan]]. Linut dipakai ngena sumpit ti mega dikumbai tandas ({{langx|kxd|chandas}}), enggau chara ngulung kanji ngelingi tandas lalu nyelupka iya ngagai sos, baka [[tempuyak]]. ==Malin== {{reflist}} ck9ymwgruu8r382gs57qurvazos31p6 Junko Tabei 0 2712 10147 2024-11-26T03:04:48Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox person | name = Junko Tabei | native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ja|田部井 淳子}}}} | image = Junko Tabei 85 (3to4).jpg | alt = | caption = Tabei maya taun 1985 ba [[Punchak Ismoil Somoni]] | birth_name = Junko Ishibashi | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1939|9|22}} | birth_place = [[Miharu, Fukushima]], Jipun<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] --> | death_...' 10147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Junko Tabei | native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ja|田部井 淳子}}}} | image = Junko Tabei 85 (3to4).jpg | alt = | caption = Tabei maya taun 1985 ba [[Punchak Ismoil Somoni]] | birth_name = Junko Ishibashi | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1939|9|22}} | birth_place = [[Miharu, Fukushima]], Jipun<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] --> | death_date = {{death date and age|2016|10|20|1939|09|22|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Kawagoe, Saitama]], Jipun | nationality = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] --> | other_names = | occupation = {{Hlist|[[Mountaineer]]|penulis|pemgajar}} | years_active = | known_for = Indu keterubah ti niki [[Gunung Everest]] (1975); indu keterubah ti niki [[Tujuh Punchak]] (1992) | spouse = Masanobu Tabei | children = 2 }} {{nihongo|'''Junko Tabei'''|田部井 淳子|Tabei Junko|22 September 1939{{spnd}}20 Oktober 2016|lead=yes}} nya siku peniki bukit, pengarang, emggau pengajar ari menua Jipun. Iya indu keterubah ke datai ba punchak [[Gunung Everest]] sereta niki [[Tujuh Punchak]], niki setiap punchak ke pemadu tinggi ba tiap benua.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1995|title=The Seven Summits|url=http://publications.americanalpineclub.org/articles/12199512700|journal=American Alpine Journal|volume=69|issue=37|page=127|isbn=978-0930410612|issn=0065-6925|editor-last=Carter|editor-first=H. Adams}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=Otake|first=Tomoko|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fl20120527x2.html|title=Junko Tabei : The first woman atop the world|date=27 May 2012|work=The Japan Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529180755/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fl20120527x2.html|archive-date=29 May 2012}}</ref> Tabei nulis tujuh iti bup, ngatur projek rampa menua deka meresi enggau ngumpul uras ti ditinggalka peniki bukit ba Everest, sereta nguluka pengawa niki [[Gunung Fuji]] ninting taun ungkup nembiak ke kena empas penusah [[Tanah Berenyang Besai Timur Jipun]]. Siku astronomer meri nama asteroid [[6897 Tabei]] ari nama iya lalu ba taun 2019, siti rantau gunung ba Pluto diberi nama Tabei Montes ungkup basa iya. ==Early life== [[File:Nasu chausudake.jpg|alt=Image of volcanic steam rising from a mountaintop|thumb|197x197px|Punchak Chausu Peak ba [[Gunung Nasu]]]] Junko Ishibashi ada maya 22 September 1939<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Junko Tabei – Japanese mountaineer|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tabei-Junko|last=Bauer|first=Patricia|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> ba [[Miharu, Fukushima]], anak kelima ari tujuh menyadi.<ref name=":3">{{cite magazine|url=https://vault.si.com/vault/1996/04/29/no-mountain-too-high-for-her-junko-tabei-defied-japanese-views-of-women-to-become-an-expert-climber|title=No Mountain Too High for Her: Junko Tabei defied Japanese views of women to become an expert climber|last=Horn|first=Robert|date=7 October 2013|magazine=Sports Illustrated|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402212428/https://vault.si.com/vault/1996/04/29/no-mountain-too-high-for-her-junko-tabei-defied-japanese-views-of-women-to-become-an-expert-climber|archive-date=2 April 2020|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> Apai iya gawa nyelak. Iya dikumbai anak ti lemi, taja pia iya berengkah niki bukit maya iya umur 10 taun, maya iya nitihka pejalai kelas niki [[Gunung Nasu]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0" /> Iya rindu lumba tu ketegal lumba tu nadai bepekit sereta mega rindu meda rampa menua asal ti nyelai lebuh iya datai ba punchak bukit. Taja iya rindu amat niki bukit, sebilik iya nadai chukup duit kena hobi ti mar nya, lalu Junko mina niki mimit bukit maya iya ba sekula tinggi.<ref name=":3" /> Ari taun 1958 nyentukka 1962,<ref name=":3" /> Junko belajar jaku English enggau litericha Amerika ba [[Universiti Indu Show]]. Terubah iya merambu gawa nyadi pengajar. Pengudah iya nembuka pelajar iya, iya nyambung baru minat iya niki bukit enggau chara nyeretai sekeda kelab niki bukit laki. Taja sekeda laki nerima iya nyadi peniki bukit, sekeda agi nanya motif iya deka enggau lumba ti mayuh laki seretai.<ref name=":4" /> Udah nya, Junko udah niki semua gunung besai ba Jipun, nyengkaum [[Gunung Fuji]].<ref name=":3" /> Maya iya umur 27, Junko jadi enggau Masanobu Tabei, siku peniki gunung ti ditemu iya maya pejalai niki [[Gunubg Tanigawa]]. Seduai iya lalu bulih dua iku anak: siku anak indu, Noriko, enggau siku anak laki, Shinya.<ref name=":3" /> ==Malin== {{reflist}} dlxc88hrmu7ly859tzy5fgo22huwxmo 10148 10147 2024-11-26T03:17:00Z Song GK 9 10148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Junko Tabei | native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ja|田部井 淳子}}}} | image = Junko Tabei 85 (3to4).jpg | alt = | caption = Tabei maya taun 1985 ba [[Punchak Ismoil Somoni]] | birth_name = Junko Ishibashi | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1939|9|22}} | birth_place = [[Miharu, Fukushima]], Jipun<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] --> | death_date = {{death date and age|2016|10|20|1939|09|22|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Kawagoe, Saitama]], Jipun | nationality = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] --> | other_names = | occupation = {{Hlist|[[Mountaineer]]|penulis|pemgajar}} | years_active = | known_for = Indu keterubah ti niki [[Gunung Everest]] (1975); indu keterubah ti niki [[Tujuh Punchak]] (1992) | spouse = Masanobu Tabei | children = 2 }} {{nihongo|'''Junko Tabei'''|田部井 淳子|Tabei Junko|22 September 1939{{spnd}}20 Oktober 2016|lead=yes}} nya siku peniki bukit, pengarang, emggau pengajar ari menua Jipun. Iya indu keterubah ke datai ba punchak [[Gunung Everest]] sereta niki [[Tujuh Punchak]], niki setiap punchak ke pemadu tinggi ba tiap benua.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1995|title=The Seven Summits|url=http://publications.americanalpineclub.org/articles/12199512700|journal=American Alpine Journal|volume=69|issue=37|page=127|isbn=978-0930410612|issn=0065-6925|editor-last=Carter|editor-first=H. Adams}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=Otake|first=Tomoko|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fl20120527x2.html|title=Junko Tabei : The first woman atop the world|date=27 May 2012|work=The Japan Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529180755/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fl20120527x2.html|archive-date=29 May 2012}}</ref> Tabei nulis tujuh iti bup, ngatur projek rampa menua deka meresi enggau ngumpul uras ti ditinggalka peniki bukit ba Everest, sereta nguluka pengawa niki [[Gunung Fuji]] ninting taun ungkup nembiak ke kena empas penusah [[Tanah Berenyang Besai Timur Jipun]]. Siku astronomer meri nama asteroid [[6897 Tabei]] ari nama iya lalu ba taun 2019, siti rantau gunung ba Pluto diberi nama Tabei Montes ungkup basa iya. ==Pengidup tumu== [[File:Nasu chausudake.jpg|alt=Image of volcanic steam rising from a mountaintop|thumb|197x197px|Punchak Chausu Peak ba [[Gunung Nasu]]]] Junko Ishibashi ada maya 22 September 1939<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Junko Tabei – Japanese mountaineer|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tabei-Junko|last=Bauer|first=Patricia|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> ba [[Miharu, Fukushima]], anak kelima ari tujuh menyadi.<ref name=":3">{{cite magazine|url=https://vault.si.com/vault/1996/04/29/no-mountain-too-high-for-her-junko-tabei-defied-japanese-views-of-women-to-become-an-expert-climber|title=No Mountain Too High for Her: Junko Tabei defied Japanese views of women to become an expert climber|last=Horn|first=Robert|date=7 October 2013|magazine=Sports Illustrated|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402212428/https://vault.si.com/vault/1996/04/29/no-mountain-too-high-for-her-junko-tabei-defied-japanese-views-of-women-to-become-an-expert-climber|archive-date=2 April 2020|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> Apai iya gawa nyelak. Iya dikumbai anak ti lemi, taja pia iya berengkah niki bukit maya iya umur 10 taun, maya iya nitihka pejalai kelas niki [[Gunung Nasu]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0" /> Iya rindu lumba tu ketegal lumba tu nadai bepekit sereta mega rindu meda rampa menua asal ti nyelai lebuh iya datai ba punchak bukit. Taja iya rindu amat niki bukit, sebilik iya nadai chukup duit kena hobi ti mar nya, lalu Junko mina niki mimit bukit maya iya ba sekula tinggi.<ref name=":3" /> Ari taun 1958 nyentukka 1962,<ref name=":3" /> Junko belajar jaku English enggau litericha Amerika ba [[Universiti Indu Show]]. Terubah iya merambu gawa nyadi pengajar. Pengudah iya nembuka pelajar iya, iya nyambung baru minat iya niki bukit enggau chara nyeretai sekeda kelab niki bukit laki. Taja sekeda laki nerima iya nyadi peniki bukit, sekeda agi nanya motif iya deka enggau lumba ti mayuh laki seretai.<ref name=":4" /> Udah nya, Junko udah niki semua gunung besai ba Jipun, nyengkaum [[Gunung Fuji]].<ref name=":3" /> Maya iya umur 27, Junko jadi enggau Masanobu Tabei, siku peniki gunung ti ditemu iya maya pejalai niki [[Gunubg Tanigawa]]. Seduai iya lalu bulih dua iku anak: siku anak indu, Noriko, enggau siku anak laki, Shinya.<ref name=":3" /> ==Pemidang enggau legasi== Junko udah ditemu bisi sakit [[riman perut]] ba taun 2012, tang iya mengkang enggau pengawa niki gunung. Ba Julai 2016, taja penyakit iya majak balat, iya nguluka siti pejalai nembiak ngagai Gunung Fuji.<ref name=":4" /> Iya midang ba siti hospital di [[Kawagoe, Saitama|Kawagoe]] kena 20 Oktober 2016.<ref name=":0" /> Sebedau pemidang Junko, asiku stronomer udah meri nama siti asteroid [[6897 Tabei]] ari nama iya.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://www.outsideonline.com/2131091/obituary-junko-tabei-first-woman-summit-everest|title=The Inspiring Story of the First Woman to Summit Everest|last=Padoan|first=Amanda|date=2 November 2016|website=Outside Online|language=en|access-date=14 April 2020}}</ref> Kena 22 September 2019, [[Google]] ngingatka ulang taun pengada iya ke-80 enggau siti [[Google Doodle|Doodle]]. Tulis ti disempulang meri slogan motivasyen iya, "Anang putus pengarap. Teruska pengawa nuan."<ref>{{cite web|title=Junko Tabei's 80th Birthday|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/junko-tabeis-80th-birthday/|date=22 September 2019|website=Google|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/junko-tabei-google-doodle-today-who-mount-everest-japan-death-a9115076.html|title=Junko Tabei: Google Doodle celebrates first woman to reach summit of Mount Everest|newspaper=Independent UK |date=22 September 2019|first=Chris |last=Baynes|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref> Kena 19 November 2019, siti rentang gunung ba Pluto udah diberi nama Tabei Montes kena meri basa ngagai pemujur Junko Tabei niki gunung. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/SearchResults?target=PLUTO&featureType=Mons,%20montes|title=International Astronomical Union Names for Features on Pluto|website=International Astronomical Union Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature|access-date=20 January 2020}}</ref> Tema pemeri nama gunung ba Pluto nya "Pemungkal dalam sejarah ti ngelayang kandang menua baru dalam pengawa mansik Bumi, tasik enggau langit".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/Categories|title=Categories (Themes) for Naming Features on Planets and Satellites|website=International Astronomical Union Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature|access-date=20 January 2020}}</ref> ==Malin== {{reflist}} dhoi3og8wtp9jycyf6coodt9i818dsk Templat:Spnd 10 2713 10149 2024-11-26T08:52:37Z Song GK 9 Melencong ke [[Templat:Spaced en dash]] 10149 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Spaced en dash]] tf4yxqbm030kxsp03hs7iyti9f6635o Kayan (Borneo) 0 2714 10150 2024-11-26T08:54:06Z Song GK 9 Melencong ke [[Kayan]] 10150 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kayan]] n9vleoa1p19ux3fcbnj2j9nkdu1l70q Jaku Mualang 0 2715 10151 2024-11-26T09:00:08Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox language |name=Mualang |nativename=Mualang |states=[[Indonesia]] |region=[[Kalimantan]] |ethnicity=[[Mualang]] |speakers=40,000 |date=2007 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Austronesia |fam2=[[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] |fam3=[[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] |fam4=[[Jaku-jaku Ibanik|Ibanik]] |iso3=mtd |glotto=mual1241 |glottorefname=Mualang }} '''Jaku Mualang''' nya siti jaku ari pampang [[jaku-jaku Ibanik]] ti dikena orang Dayak Mualang...' 10151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name=Mualang |nativename=Mualang |states=[[Indonesia]] |region=[[Kalimantan]] |ethnicity=[[Mualang]] |speakers=40,000 |date=2007 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Austronesia |fam2=[[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] |fam3=[[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] |fam4=[[Jaku-jaku Ibanik|Ibanik]] |iso3=mtd |glotto=mual1241 |glottorefname=Mualang }} '''Jaku Mualang''' nya siti jaku ari pampang [[jaku-jaku Ibanik]] ti dikena orang Dayak Mualang ba Borneo. Orang ke ngena jaku tu mayuh diau ba [[Kabupaten Sekadau]] enggau [[Kabupaten Sintang]] ba Indonesia. ==Malin== {{reflist}} ==Bacha ke silik agi== {{refbegin}} * {{Cite thesis |last=Tjia |first=J. |title=A Grammar of Mualang: An Ibanic Language of Western Kalimantan, Indonesia |date=2007 |degree=Ph.D. |publisher=Leiden University |hdl=1887/11862 |hdl-access=free}} {{refend}} [[Kategori:Jaku ba Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Jaku-jaku Ibanik]] p37nnjciox8kaddi0dduoj0yeuudnfw Kategori:Jaku-jaku Ibanik 14 2716 10152 2024-11-26T09:01:07Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{catmain}}' 10152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{catmain}} 3xyuw1gxsxd9sz4efagxyjb5ext6r5v Templat:Catmain 10 2717 10153 2024-11-26T09:01:42Z Song GK 9 Melencong ke [[Templat:Category main article]] 10153 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Templat:Category main article]] j3vs1xymvfcu944p8qietlwjr28om7c Jaku Keninjal 0 2718 10158 2024-11-26T09:13:54Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox language |name=Jaku Keninjal |nativename= |states=[[Indonesia]] |region=[[Borneo]] |speakers=32,000 |date=2007 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Austronesia |fam2=[[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] |fam3=[[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] |fam4=[[Jaku-jaku Ibanik|Ibanik]]? |iso3=knl |glotto=keni1248 |glottorefname=Keninjal }} '''Jaku Keninjal''' (Dayak Kaninjal) nya siti takang jaku-jaku [[Dayak]] [[jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] ti dikena ba Borneo...' 10158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name=Jaku Keninjal |nativename= |states=[[Indonesia]] |region=[[Borneo]] |speakers=32,000 |date=2007 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Austronesia |fam2=[[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] |fam3=[[Jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] |fam4=[[Jaku-jaku Ibanik|Ibanik]]? |iso3=knl |glotto=keni1248 |glottorefname=Keninjal }} '''Jaku Keninjal''' (Dayak Kaninjal) nya siti takang jaku-jaku [[Dayak]] [[jaku-jaku Malayik|Malayik]] ti dikena ba Borneo. ''[[Glottolog]]'' ngelasifikasyen Keninjal nyadi takang jaku Dayak Malayik Barat beserimbai enggau [[jaku Kendayan]], tang Smith (2017) nyengkaum jaku nya dalam pampang [[jaku-jaku Ibanik|Ibanik]] bepelasarka bukti fonologikal.<ref name="smith">{{cite thesis |last=Smith |first=Alexander |year=2017 |title=The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification |type=Ph.D. Dissertation |location=University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa |url=http://ling.hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/SMITH_Alexander_Final_Dissertation.pdf |access-date=26 May 2019}}</ref> ==Malin== {{reflist}} kwqs4sd0cv9gvzelhnh1rj3hz279x5h Engkuang 0 2719 10160 2024-11-26T10:47:52Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Speciesbox |name=Engkuang |image = Pachyrhizus erosus Blanco2.249.png |genus = Pachyrhizus |species = erosus |authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Ignatz Urban|Urb.]] }} '''Engkuang''' (nama botani: '''''Pachyrizus erosus''''') nya siti utai tumbuh ti ngerayap dalam genua ''Pachyrizus''. <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kamus Iban-Melayu Dewan Edisi Kedua |encyclopedia= |date= |year= |last= |first= |publisher= Dewan Bahasa and Pustaka|location= |id=...' 10160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox |name=Engkuang |image = Pachyrhizus erosus Blanco2.249.png |genus = Pachyrhizus |species = erosus |authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Ignatz Urban|Urb.]] }} '''Engkuang''' (nama botani: '''''Pachyrizus erosus''''') nya siti utai tumbuh ti ngerayap dalam genua ''Pachyrizus''. <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kamus Iban-Melayu Dewan Edisi Kedua |encyclopedia= |date= |year= |last= |first= |publisher= Dewan Bahasa and Pustaka|location= |id= |url= |access-date= }}</ref> Penatai utai tumbuh tu ari benua Amerika, terubah iya ditemu ba Meksiko, tang bisi mega ditemu tumbuh ba [[Peru]] 3000 taun ke udah.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Cultural History of Plants|url=https://archive.org/details/culturalhistoryp00libg_373|last1=Sanderson|first1=Helen|date=2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0415927463|editor1-last=Prance|editor1-first=Ghillean|page=[https://archive.org/details/culturalhistoryp00libg_373/page/n73 67]|editor2-last=Nesbitt|editor2-first=Mark}}</ref> Engkayu tu dikerembaika Sepanyol ngagai Asia nengah pulau Filipina. <ref name="singkamas">{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/singkamas|title=Singkamas|publisher=Merriam-Webster|accessdate=2 January 2015}}</ref> == Penerang == [[File:Pachyrhizus erosus 2.jpg|thumb|left|Engkuang ti dijual ba tamu]] Pun engkuang ulih numbuh nyentukka peninggi {{Convert|4–5|m|abbr=off}} enti diberi sukung ti engkeman. Pemanjai akar utai tumbuh tu ulih mungkur {{Convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on|frac=2}} lalu pemerat iya ulih nyentuk {{Convert|20|kg|abbr=off}}. Engkuang ti pemadu berat udah dirikutka iya nya {{Convert|23|kg|abbr=on}} ti ditemu ba taun 2010 di menua [[Filipina]].<ref name="heavy" /> Engkuang enda ulih tan chelap lalu ngambi maya 9 bulan ti nadai musin chelap kena utai tu tumbuh enggau manah. Nya alai engkuang enda ulih tumbuh endur musin angat ti pandak enti enda ditumbuh dalam rumah gadung. Lebuh ditumbuh ba menua tropika, engkuang ulih diketau sebarang maya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jicama Growing Information|url=http://greenharvest.com.au/SeedOrganic/VegetableGrowingInformation/JicamaGrowingInformation.html|publisher=Green Harvest|access-date=31 July 2013}}</ref> ==Malin== {{reflist}} b032a3i936iff7izkspcq3zat81ot6v 10161 10160 2024-11-26T10:52:00Z Song GK 9 /* Penerang */ 10161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox |name=Engkuang |image = Pachyrhizus erosus Blanco2.249.png |genus = Pachyrhizus |species = erosus |authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Ignatz Urban|Urb.]] }} '''Engkuang''' (nama botani: '''''Pachyrizus erosus''''') nya siti utai tumbuh ti ngerayap dalam genua ''Pachyrizus''. <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kamus Iban-Melayu Dewan Edisi Kedua |encyclopedia= |date= |year= |last= |first= |publisher= Dewan Bahasa and Pustaka|location= |id= |url= |access-date= }}</ref> Penatai utai tumbuh tu ari benua Amerika, terubah iya ditemu ba Meksiko, tang bisi mega ditemu tumbuh ba [[Peru]] 3000 taun ke udah.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Cultural History of Plants|url=https://archive.org/details/culturalhistoryp00libg_373|last1=Sanderson|first1=Helen|date=2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0415927463|editor1-last=Prance|editor1-first=Ghillean|page=[https://archive.org/details/culturalhistoryp00libg_373/page/n73 67]|editor2-last=Nesbitt|editor2-first=Mark}}</ref> Engkayu tu dikerembaika Sepanyol ngagai Asia nengah pulau Filipina. <ref name="singkamas">{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/singkamas|title=Singkamas|publisher=Merriam-Webster|accessdate=2 January 2015}}</ref> == Penerang == [[File:Pachyrhizus erosus 2.jpg|thumb|left|Engkuang ti dijual ba tamu]] Pun engkuang ulih numbuh nyentukka peninggi {{Convert|4–5|m|abbr=off}} enti diberi sukung ti engkeman. Pemanjai akar utai tumbuh tu ulih mungkur {{Convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on|frac=2}} lalu pemerat iya ulih nyentuk {{Convert|20|kg|abbr=off}}. Engkuang ti pemadu berat udah dirikutka iya nya {{Convert|23|kg|abbr=on}} ti ditemu ba taun 2010 di menua [[Filipina]].<ref name="heavy">[http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/03/09/10/heaviest-singkamas-found-ilocos 'Heaviest' Singkamas Found in Ilocos]</ref> Engkuang enda ulih tan chelap lalu ngambi maya 9 bulan ti nadai musin chelap kena utai tu tumbuh enggau manah. Nya alai engkuang enda ulih tumbuh endur musin angat ti pandak enti enda ditumbuh dalam rumah gadung. Lebuh ditumbuh ba menua tropika, engkuang ulih diketau sebarang maya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jicama Growing Information|url=http://greenharvest.com.au/SeedOrganic/VegetableGrowingInformation/JicamaGrowingInformation.html|publisher=Green Harvest|access-date=31 July 2013}}</ref> ==Malin== {{reflist}} q4euq5ihg6yaq2j03atgnfvdbsylai2 Templat:Taxonomy/Pachyrhizus 10 2720 10162 2024-11-26T10:54:37Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=genus |link=Pachyrhizus |parent=Glycininae |refs= <!--Shown on this page only; don't include <ref> tags --> }}' 10162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=genus |link=Pachyrhizus |parent=Glycininae |refs= <!--Shown on this page only; don't include <ref> tags --> }} 24152xi5hrbuv6sw6pb2ccrucwbqr95