Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.43.0-wmf.27 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Sujet 0 23927 110236 2024-10-17T16:02:37Z Lounel Rahman mina 14615 Yettwarna s tsuqilt n usebter " [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/219378115|Nana Asma’u]]" 110236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2}}Nana Asmaɛu neɣ Asma bint shehu Ousman dan Fodio (1793-1864) d tageldunt tafulanit, d tamedyazt, d taselmadt. D yelli-s n win ay d-yesbedden taselṭant n Sokoto, Shehu Ousman dan Fodio ed yiwet seg tlawin-nnes, Maimuna. Nana Asma’u tebda-d anabaḍ (système) n ussegmi i tlawin n Sokoto. Tettwassen daɣen imi tura aṭas n yidlisen d yiḍrisen iseklanen d yimusnawen<ref>{{Article|langue=en|auteur1=Jean Boyd|auteur2=Murray Last|titre=The Role of Women as "Agents Religieux" in Sokoto|périodique=Canadian Journal of African Studies|date=1985|lire en ligne=https://www.jstor.org/stable/484826|pages=283-300}}.</ref>. Ttwaḥesben-tt aṭas ass-a d amedya (lemtel) n tmeṭṭut tamesnallunt (intellectuelle) ed tmaziɣt<ref>{{Article|langue=en|auteur1=Azuonye Chukwuma|titre=Feminist or simply féminine? Reflections on the Works of Nana Asma'u, Nineteenh Century West African Woman Poet, Intellectual, and Social Activist|périodique=Meridians|volume=6|date=2006|lire en ligne=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40338702|accès url=limité|pages=54-77}}.</ref> deg umezruy n Yinselmen n Tefriqt yerna mazal-itt d amdan yesɛan azal deg ugafa n Nijirya<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=Tiffany K. Wayne|titre=Feminist Writings from Ancient Times to the Modern World : A Global Sourcebook and History|passage=182-186|éditeur=Greenwood|date=2011|isbn=9780313345807}}.</ref> == Tasenudert == Nana Asmaɛu tlul-d azal n 1793. Ssemman-as Asmaɛu i lmend n usmekti n Asma bint Abu Bakr, yelli-s n umdakkel n Nnbi Muḥemmed, Abu Bakr As-Siddiq. Nana Asma tesɛa gma-s akniwen umi semman Hassan ay yemmuten deg 1817<ref name=":02">{{Article|langue=en|auteur1=Jean Boyd|auteur2=Murray Last|titre=The Role of Women as "Agents Religieux" in Sokoto|périodique=Canadian Journal of African Studies|date=1985|lire en ligne=https://www.jstor.org/stable/484826|accès url=limité|pages=291}}.</ref>. Tamẓi-nnes teḍra-d deg tallit n ljihad n Ousman dan Fodio (1804-1808), d yiwen n uswir n yimenɣiyen ay d-yellan mgal tgeldiwin n Yiḥusayen. Deg tgara n Jihad, Ousmane dan Fodio yesbedd-d Tasultant n Sokoto, d tagelda (empire) tineslemt ay yesɛan tajumma n 400.000 n yikilumitren (km2), yerna tezga-d deg ugafa n Nijirya n wass-a. Nana Asmaɛu d yelli-s n Uselṭan amezwaru n Sokotu d weltma-s n Uselṭan wis sin, Muḥemmed Bellu. Tezweǧ d Gidadu b. Laima, yellan d tameddakelt d lwazir n Mohamed Bello i d-tesɛa yid-s xemsa warrac.<ref name=":02" /> Nana Asmaɛu tuɣal d tanemhalt n gma-s asmi ay d-yeḍfer baba-tsen Ousman dan Fodio,<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=Mary Wren Bvinis|titre=Telling Stories Making Histories : Women, Words, and Islam in Nineteenth-Century Hausaland and the Sokoto Caliphate|éditeur=Heinemann|date=2007|isbn=978-0325070124}}.</ref> tettneṣṣaḥ Mohammed Bello d wid ay t-id-yezzin deg wakk tallit n tgelda-nnes armi d asmi ay yemmut deg 1837, am wakken ay tettneṣṣaḥ yessetma-s Maryam d Fatima d tlawin sɣur Ousman dan Fodio, Aïsha d Hawwa. D tidet, seg 1805, tilawin n twacult n lxalifa qqlent sɛant azal meqqren yerna llant tturarent tamlilt tasertit yerna ttgent-d tiɣawsiwin tiseklanin deg Sokoto<ref name=":12">{{Lien web|langue=en|titre=Nana Asma'u and the 'yan taru movement|url=https://dailytrust.com/nana-asmau-and-the-yan-taru-movement/|accès url=libre|site=Daily Trust|date=2017}}.</ref>. Yekker-d deg twacult n yimusnawen ed yimusnawen inselmen, am watmaten-nnes Asmaɛu ay d-yewwin aselmed n Leqran s telqey. Ousman dan Fodio ed wid ay t-id-yeḍfer, ḍefren-d ansay n qadiriyya n Suffis, llan ttgen ccɣel-nsen akken ad bḍun tamussni, ladɣa Sunna, d aḍris ineslem ay d-yettmeslayen ɣef tudert n Nnbi Muḥemmed. Ɣur-sen, almud war aselmed ur yesɛi ara anamek, aya war ccek d yiwen seg yiferdisen ay d-yesskanayen ayɣer Nana Asma'u, ay d-yefrurxen deg tgemmi-a, tefka azal ameqran deg tudert-nnes akk i usselmed n tlawin<ref>{{Lien web|langue=en|titre=Nana Asma'u|url=https://www.historynaked.com/nana-asmau/|accès url=libre|site=Naked History|date=2017}}.</ref>. Am waṭas n yiɛeggalen n twacult-is, tuɣal daɣen d tameskart n tmedyazt. == Tamyarut d tnesɣamut == Nana Asma’u tessawal 4 n tutlayin: taɛṛabt, tafulanit, taḥuṣit, d tamaṣ̣eqt yerna tessen idles yettwarun s taɛṛabt ed tmaziɣt<ref name=":22">{{Article|langue=en|auteur1=Jean Boyd|auteur2=Murray Last|titre=The Role of Women as "Agents Religieux" in Sokoto|périodique=Canadian Journal of African Studies|date=1985|lire en ligne=https://www.jstor.org/stable/484826|accès url=limité|pages=286}}.</ref>. Teṭṭef aṭas n tbaḍniwin s tutlayin-a ed yemḍebbren imeqranen seg temdinin niḍen n txellift ed ula sdat-s.<ref>{{Lien web|langue=en|auteur=Natty Mark Samuels|titre=Ode to Nana Asma'u: Voice and Spirit|url=https://muslimheritage.com/ode-to-nana-asmau-voice-and-spirit/|site=Muslim Heritage|date=2016}}.</ref> S yisem-nnes d tamesbaṭut tasertit n ccṛeɛ n Tgelda n Sokoto, tga-d aṭas n yiḍrisen ay yesɛan ccɣel-nsen, am tirawin niḍen ay d-ssuffɣen yiɛeggalen n Sokoto, d akken ad qqimen d abrid s talɣa n tmeẓdiyin (archives) i tsuta ay d-yetteddun n yemḍebbren. Sḍis n yixeddimen n Nana Asma, i tura deg tallit n 40 n yiseggasen, wwḍen-aɣ-d. Tessuffeɣ-d lḥir-is seg tmedyezt taɛrabt taqburt am wakken ay d-tessuffeɣ tizlatin tifulaniyin tiɣerfanin, dɣa d aya ay d-yesskanayen dakken ass-a, amur ameqran seg yisefra-nnes<ref>{{Lien web|langue=fr-FR|prénom=Attika|nom=Trabelsi|titre=Nana Asma'u : ode au savoir partagé|url=https://www.lallab.org/nana-asmau-ode-au-savoir-partage/|site=Lallab|date=2020-05-19|consulté le=2024-10-10}}</ref> ttwarun s taɛṛabt, s tfulanit ed tḥusayt ay yettwarun s yisekkilen n taɛṛabt<ref name=":12" />. Gar yixeddimen n Nana Asma, llant tmucuha n umezruy, tifelwiyin n tmedyazt, tifelwiyin n tmedyazt, tifelwiyin n lḥir d lewṣayat. Ttura-d aṭas n tmedyazin (élégies) aydeg tessemɣer leqdicat d tgemmi n baba-s. Tazlit-is tamezwarut yura-tt deg useggas n 1830, taneggarut deg useggas n 1865<ref name=":02" />. Menɣir tira-nnes taseklant, Nana Asma tessuqel aṭas n yiḍrisen ɣer tutlayin niḍen war ma d taɛṛabt, gar-asen kra ay d-yura gma-s Mohammed Bello am: Kitàb al-Nisha ay d-yura deg 1836<ref name=":02" />. Nnig waya, isefra-nnes ay d-yellan deg tlemmast n ussegmi n ddin ineslem uɣalen d allalen n uselmed n yimenzayen igejdanen n txellaft i yimezdaɣ<ref name=":32">{{Lien web|langue=en|auteur=Aminu Tambuwal|titre=Sokoto's religious moderation is rich lesson to a troubled world|url=https://www.thecable.ng/sokotos-religious-moderation-rich-lesson-troubled-world|accès url=libre|site=The Cable|date=2016}}.</ref>. Imnadiyen n umezruy ttwalin dakken tira-nnes llant deg-sent s waṭas tgermanin ɣef tedyanin ay d-yellan deg tallit n ufares-nsent. Ɣef umedya (lemtel), deg 1821, tga-d yiwen n usefru s tfulanit umi semman Fa'inna ma'a a'sur yasuran mgal uqerru n Yituragiyen Ibra ay d-yesnekren tasultant-nni yerna tga-d daɣen yiwet n teqsiḍt n tmedyazt s uzwel n Wakar Gewaye ("asikel") ay yerzan ljihad . n baba-s.<ref name=":32" /> == Aselmed n tlawin == Tasertit n ussegmi ay d-yettwawehhan i teqcicin, llant yakan Ousman dan Fodio ay tt-id-yesbedden. Daxel n twacult-is n lmuqedmin inselmen, yemma-s d tmeṭṭut-is llant d tilawin d imusnawen yeɣran<ref name=":22" />. Ousman dan Fodio yeḥseb d akken yessefk ad ttwassiwḍen usselmed ed wazalen n ddin daxel n twacult, ladɣa s tlawin yerna ɣef waya ay yella d aɛessas n usselmed-nsent s usseḍru n wallalen ara ten-yeǧǧen ad ḍefren aselmed<ref name=":22" />. Tilawin tifulaniyin ed tlawin seg tdukli (élite) n temdint, ladɣa tilawin yettwaḥeqren (tilawin yettwaferqen ɣef umedya) ttwaɛerḍent ladɣa akken ad ḍefrent iselmaden-a, Nana Asma u tessekcem-d tilawin-a deg tɣellist (sécurité) ed leqder s lekmal-nnes<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=Français|auteur1=Patricia Mons|titre=Nana Asma U un idéal féminin|éditeur=AlBouraq|année=2021|pages totales=101|passage=62}}</ref> . Qbel lǧihad-nni, Ousmane dan Fodio yella yesselmad deg tɣiwanin n tnezzut (commerce) n Yiḥusayen, yerna aselmed-nnes ay ḍefren aṭas n medden, yella yeldi imir-nni i tlawin am wakken ay yeldi i yergazen. S rrbeḥ n tḥemliwin n ljihad ay d-yellan deffir 1808, yerna azal ay yettunefken i temsalt n usselmed n tmeṭṭut. Daxel n tselṭanat, Nana Asmaɛu tella tettkel ɣef usselmed n tlawin. Tella tettḥulfu ladɣa s dduṛ n tlawin deg unabaḍ (lḥukuma) ed yizerfan-nsent daxel n tmetti tinselmit n Sokoto. Armi d aseggas n 1815, tefka-d aselmed deg uxxam-is, anda tezdeɣ nettat d wergaz-is d warraw-is, syin timliliyin ttilint deg uxxam aqbur n Ousmane dan Fodio, anda yella uẓekka-s. Kra kra, aselmed-nnes yewwi-d ccbaḥa d tameqrant yerna aṭas n tlawin seg temdinin ed tuddar niḍen ay d-yusan ɣer Sokoto akken ad lemdent<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=Jean Boyd|titre=The Caliph's Sister Nana Asma'u 1793-1865 : Teacher, Poet and Islamic Leader|passage=288|éditeur=Routledge|date=1989|isbn=9780714640679}}.</ref>. Nana Asma’u tesnulfa-d sakkin, azal n 1830, yiwen n ugraw n tlawin n yiselmaden umi semman jajiss, d tid ay yettɛeddayen deg wakk timnaḍin n txellaft akken ad sselmednt tilawin deg yixxamen n leqraya<ref>{{Lien web|langue=en|auteur=Abid Ameera|titre=Nana Asma'u: A woman of knowledge in Africa|url=https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/517218|site=Saudigazette|date=2017}}.</ref>. Yal yiwen seg yijajiyen-a yella yettwabna ɣef leqdic n Nana Asma ed yimusnawen niḍen isufiyen<ref name=":42">{{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=Paul Naylor|titre=From Rebels to Rulers : Writing légitimacy in the Early Sokoto State|passage=129|éditeur=James Currey|date=2021|isbn=978-1847012708}}.</ref>, yerna mnemoniques-nsen tessefsay-d aḥezzeb <ref name=":82">{{Lien web|langue=fr-FR|nom=Lallab_admin|titre=Nana Asma’u : l’indépendance par le savoir|url=https://www.lallab.org/nana-asmau-lindependance-par-le-savoir/|site=Lallab|date=2016-10-05|consulté le=2024-09-26}}</ref>, Nana Asma tefka i yijajiyen-nni yiwet n tɣawsa n zik ay d-yesskanayen lmuqedmin n Gobir ay d-yellan d aḥeqqi, yerna ttwaqqnen-tt s tɣawsa taberkant<ref name=":42" />. Ijajiyen uɣalen d azamul n Uwanak amaynut, n lqanun amaynut, d uselmed n Lislam ula berra i tmettiyin n tlawin<ref name=":53">{{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=Beverly B. Mack|auteur2=Jean Boyd|titre=One Woman’s Jihad: Nana Asma’u, Scholar and Scribe|passage=1-2|éditeur=Indiana University Press|date=2000|lire en ligne=https://chnm.gmu.edu/wwh/p/214.html}}.</ref>, tinselmin neɣ ur nelli d tinselmin<ref name=":82" />. Azal n 1850, tesnulfa-d daɣen amussu n Yan Taru ay d-yesnulfan, “tadukli”, isem-nnes yettmeslay-d ɣef yiwet n terbaɛt n tlawin ay yelmed<ref name=":62">{{Lien web|langue=en|auteur=Ceyda Sablak|titre=12 Muslim Women Who Are Modern Role Models That'll Amaze And Inspire You|url=https://tomblog.rip/12-muslim-women-who-are-modern-role-models-thatll-amaze-and-inspire-you/|site=Thought Catalogue|date=2016}}.</ref> akk d yiwen yerna ttgent-d yiwet n tdukli n tmeṭṭut yerna iswi-nnes d asselmed ed ussebɣes n tlawin n tgelda n Sokoto<ref name=":62" />. Tilawin-a ilaq-asent ad ssiwḍent s ujemmal ɣer yiselmaden niḍen. Jajiss llan ttgen tikliwin-a n tlawin deg tallit n lḥejj. Tamesbanit n tlawin teddu mebla ma tella-d tmeṭṭut-is, tettcennu yerna tettkemmil deg berra<ref>{{Article|langue=en|auteur1=Jean Boyd|auteur2=Murray Last|titre=The Role of Women as "Agents Religieux" in Sokoto|périodique=Canadian Journal of African Studies|date=1986|lire en ligne=https://www.jstor.org/stable/484826|accès url=limité|pages=289}}.</ref>. Amussu n Yan Taru yella yettwaḥrez ladɣa i teqcicin timeẓyanin d tlawin n leɛmer alemmas<ref name=":72">{{Article|langue=en|auteur1=Jean Boyd|auteur2=Murray Last|titre=The Role of Women as "Agents Religieux" in Sokoto|périodique=Canadian Journal of African Studies|date=1986|lire en ligne=https://www.jstor.org/stable/484826|accès url=limité|pages=290}}.</ref>. Tilawin yezweǧen yesɛan izerfan n twacult ur ttekkant ara, maca ttakent-d lxir sɣur wid izemren ad awḍen din. Nana Asma’u tesseqdac lxir-agi i leqdic-is n lxir. Yan Taru mazal-itent d tiddukla n lḥejj n tlawin ass-a deg Sokoto<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=Jean Boyd|titre=The Contribution of Nana Asma'u Fodio to the Jihadist Mouvement Of Shehu Dan Fodio from 1820 to 1865|passage=123-126|éditeur=London Metropolitan University|nature ouvrage=Thèse de doctorat en Histoire de l'Afrique|date=1982}}.</ref>. == Agadar (ansay) amiran == Tagzemt n Nana Asma'u ur tettwasbedd kan ɣef yixeddimen-nnes iseklanen ed yimusnawen, wanag tettwasbedd daɣen ɣef dduṛ ay turar deg ussebded n wazalen n Tgelda n Sokoto. Ass-a, deg ugafa n Nijirya, tuddsiwin n tlawin tinselmin, iɣerbazen ed yimukan n temliliyin ttawint-d s waṭas isem-nnes. Udem n Nana Asma’u yuɣal-d deg uskasi anagdud ay d-yellan ɣef uskasi ɣef dduṛ n tmeṭṭut deg Lislam deg lqern wis XXe<ref name=":72" />. D nettat ay d asentel n waṭas n tezrawin, ladɣa tin n Jean Boyd deg Weltma n Xalifa: Nana Asmaɛu 1793–1865: Taselmadt, Tamedyazt ed Temḍebbert Taslemt (1989). Ameskar yettwali azal n yiḍrisen-is i yessawḍen ad t-id-sbedden s waṭas n tmuɣliwin n tmeṭṭut deg umezruy afriqi<ref name=":53" />. D nettat daɣen ay d-yellan d asentel n wedlis n Yiwet n Tmeṭṭut Ljihad: Nana Asmaɛu, Tamussnawt ed Tamarut n Beverly B. Mack ed Jean Boyd (2000). Axeddim n Yixeddimen yettwajemɛen n Nana Asma’u, Yelli-s n Usman dan Fodiyo 1793–1864, i d-ssuffɣen Boyd d Mack, yeffeɣ-d deg useggas n 1997<ref>{{Lien web|langue=en|auteur=Beverly B. Mack|titre=Women in World History|url=https://chnm.gmu.edu/wwh/d/7/wwh.html|site=Teaching Case Studies}}.</ref>. Aḍris seg udlis n Yiḍrisen n Aysha II n Nana Asma yettwasmel deg tmezgunt n tmedyazt Timaynutin n Tefriqt (2019). ) t-id-tessuffeɣ Margaret Busby<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=Margaret Busby|titre=New Daughters of Africa : An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent|éditeur=Myriad Editions|date=2019|isbn=978-1912408009}}.</ref>. Deg 2019 lwali ay yellan d aselway n weɣlif n wakal d tnezduɣt deg Uwanak n Sokoto, Aminu Waziri Tambuwal, yefka-d akal i lebni n tesdawit n Tussniwin Tisnajyanin umi semman Tasdawit n Tussniwin Tisnajyanin n Nana Asma’u deg Sokoto ay d-tesfaydi Tdukli n Sultan<ref>{{Lien web|langue=en|auteur=Maruf Olakunle|titre=Tambawal allocates land for proposed Nana Asma'u University in Sokoto|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/ampeg-partners-bida-poly-on-affordable-housing-for-staff/|accès url=libre|site=Nigerian Tribune|date=2019}}.</ref>. == Tizmilin d yimniren == <references responsive="1"></references> == Adriraw == ** Abid, A. (2017). ''Nana Asma'u : A woman of knowlege in Africa''. Récupéré sur ''Saudigazette'': <small>[lire en ligne [archive]]</small> ** Azuonye, C. (2006). "Feminist or simply féminine? Reflections on the Works of Nana Asma'u, Nineteenh Century West African Woman Poet, Intellectual, and Social Activist", ''Meridians'', pp. 54-77 ** Bivins, M. W. (2007). ''Telling Stories Making Histories : Women, Words, and Islam in Nineteenth-Century Hausaland and the Sokoto Caliphate'', Heinemann. ** Boyd, J. (1982). ''The Contribution of Nana Asma'u Fodio to the Jihadist Mouvement Of Shehu Dan Fodio from 1820 to 1865'', London Metropolitan University. ** Boyd, J. (1989). ''The Caliph's Sister Nana Asma'u 1793-1865 : Teacher, Poet and Islamic Leader'', Routledge. ** Busby, M. (2019). ''New Daughters of Africa : An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent'', Myriad Editions. ** Daily Trust. (2017). ''Nana Asma'u and The 'Yan Taru Mouvement''. Récupéré sur ''Daily Trust'' : <small>[lire en ligne [archive]]</small> ** Mack, B. B. (s.d.). ''Women in World History''. Récupéré sur ''Teaching Case Studies'': <small>[lire en ligne [archive]]</small> ** Mack, B. B., & Boyd, J. (2000). ''One Woman's Jihad : Nana Asma'u, Scholar and scribe'', Indiana University Press. ** Naked History. (2017). ''Nana Asma'u''. Récupéré sur ''Naked History'' : <small>[lire en ligne [archive]]</small> ** Naylor, P. (2021). ''From Rebels to Rulers : Writing légitimacy in the Early Sokoto State'', James Currey. ** Olakunle, M. (2019). ''Tambawal allocates land for proposed Nana Asma'u University in Sokoto''. Récupéré sur ''Nigerian Tribune'' : <small>[lire en ligne [archive]]</small> ** Sablak, C. (2016). ''12 Muslim Women Who ARE Modern Role Models That'll Amaze and Inspire You''. Récupéré sur ''Thought Catalogue'' : <small>[lire en ligne [archive]]</small> ** Samuels, N. M. (2016). ''Ode to Nana Asma'u: Voice and Spirit''. Récupéré sur ''Muslim Heritage'' : <small>[lire en ligne [archive]]</small> ** Tambuwal, A. (2016). ''Sokoto's religious moderation is rich lesson to a troubled world''. Récupéré sur ''The Cable'' : <small>[lire en ligne [archive]]</small> ** Wayne, T. K. (2011). ''Feminist Writings from Ancient Times to the Modern World : A Global Sourcebook and History'', Greenwood. bmcxywern4sj0484zi32rld6fmbmzx4