Wikipedia mgwiki https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Fandraisana MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4 first-letter Rakitra Manokana Dinika Mpikambana Dinika amin'ny mpikambana Wikipedia Dinika amin'ny Wikipedia Sary Dinika amin'ny sary MediaWiki Dinika amin'ny MediaWiki Endrika Dinika amin'ny endrika Fanoroana Dinika amin'ny fanoroana Sokajy Dinika amin'ny sokajy TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Ranomasimbe Indiana 0 2929 1091902 1072858 2024-11-22T15:38:11Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanitatra vontoatiny 1091902 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Océan Indien.png|vignette|Ny Ranomasimbe Indiana|304x304px]] Ny '''Ranomasimbe Indiana''' na '''Ôseana Indiana''' no fahatelo lehibe indrindra amin' ny ranomasimbe dimy eran-tany, mirefy 70&nbsp;560&nbsp;000 km<sup>2</sup> na 20&nbsp;% eo ho eo amin' ny velaran-dranon' ny [[Tany]]. Voafaritr' i [[Azia]] any avaratra, i [[Afrika]] any andrefana ary i [[Aostralia]] any atsinanana. Eo amin' ny ilany atsimo dia voafaritry ny [[Ranomasimbe Antarktika|Ranomasimbe Atsimo]] na [[Ranomasimbe Antarktika]], arakaraka ny famaritana ampiasaina. Amin' ny antsipiriany kokoa, ny Ranomasimbe Indiana dia voafaritr' i [[India]] sy i [[Pakistàna|Pakistana]] ary [[Iràna|Irana]] any avaratra; i [[Mianmara|Birmania]], i [[Tailandy]], i [[Malezia]], i [[Indônezia]] ary i [[Aostralia]] any atsinanana; ny [[Ranomasimbe Antarktika]] any atsimo ary i [[Afrika]] sy ny [[Saikanosin' i Arabia|Saikanosy Arabo]] any andrefana. Manana ranomasim-paritra maro ny Ranomasimbe Indiana, anisan' izany ny [[Ranomasin' i Andaman]], ny [[Ranomasin' i Arabia]], ny [[Helodranon' i Bengaly]], ary ny [[Ranomasin' ny Lakshadweep]].[[File:Local fishing boats ashore at Kijiji beach in Kigamboni.jpg|thumb|Ny Ranomasimbe Indiana ao[[Tanzania]]|222x222px]]Nantsoina hoe Ranomasimbe Atsinanana izy io, ary ny anarany ankehitriny dia avy amin' ny anaran' i [[India]], izay mandroso ao anatiny, ary ity anarany ankehitriny ity dia fantatra, fara fahakeliny, nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1515. Izy no ranomasimbe tokana nomena anaram-pirenena. 3&nbsp;741 m eo ho eo ny salan-kalalin' ny Ranomasimbe Indiana. Any amin' ny [[Ila-bolantany atsinanana]] manontolo no misy azy. Tsy toy ny [[Ranomasimbe Atlantika]] sy ny [[Ranomasimbe Pasifika]], ny Ranomasimbe Indiana dia hodidinin' ny sisin-tany sy [[Tamba-nosy|vondronosy]] iray amin' ny lafiny telo, sady manana ny ivony eo amin' ny [[Zana-Kôntinenta Indiana|Saikanosy Indiana]]. Eo amin' ny lafiny [[jeôlôjia]] dia ny Ranomasimbe Indianina no zandriny indrindra amin' ny ranomasimbe lehibe, miaraka amin' ny vombony velona mivelatra sy ny endrika manokana toy ny havoana an-dranomasina sy vombo foronina teboka mafana. [[Sary:Indian Ocean laea relief location map.jpg|vignette|Ny Ranomasimbe Indiana]] Miavaka noho ny fisian' ny rivo-pizaran-taona (frantsay: ''mousson'') ny [[toetany]] aty amin' ny Ranomasimbe Indiana. Io no ranomasina mafana indrindra, ka misy fiantraikany lehibe amin' ny toetany maneran-tany izany noho ny fifandraisany amin' ny [[Soson-drivotra|atmôsfera]]. Iharan' ny <u>vezivezin' i Walker</u> ny ranony, ka miteraka [[rian-dranomasina]] sy fiakaran' ny rano avy any ambany tsy manam-paharoa. Ny Ranomasimbe Indiana dia ahitana tontolo iainana isan-karazany sy zavamananaina an-dranomasina manan-danja sy [[rafitra tontolo iainana]] toy ny [[haran-dranomasina]], ny [[ala honko]], ary [[ahi-dranomasina]]. Ao no ahitana ny ampahany be amin' ny fanjonoana [[Lamatra|lamàtra]] sy trondro hafa mitovitovy aminy (''[[Thunnini]]'') maneran-tany sady fonenan' ny karazan-javamananaina an-dranomasina atahorana ho lany tamingana. Miatrika olana toy ny fanjonoana tafahoatra sy ny fandotoana izy io, anisan' izany ny faritra fanariam-pako lehibe. Araka ny tantara dia ivon' ny fifanakalozana ara-kolontsaina sy ara-barotra hatry ny ela ny Ranomasimbe Indiana. Nitana anjara toerana lehibe tamin' ny fifindrà-monin' ny olombelona sy ny fielezan' ny [[sivilizasiôna]] izy io. Amin' izao andro ankehitriny izao dia mbola zava-dehibe amin' ny raharaham-barotra eran-tany ity ranomasimbe ity, indrindra amin' ny [[solitany]] sy ny [[akoranafo]]. Ny olana ara-tontolo iainana sy ara-jeôpôlitika ao amin' ny faritry ny Ranomasimbe Indiana dia ahitana ny vokatry ny [[fiovan' ny toetany]], ny [[asan-jiolahin-tsambo]] ary ny fifandirana momba ny nosy ao aminy. == Ny nosy ao amin' ny Ranomasimbe Indiana == Indreto ny [[nosy]] sy ny [[Tamba-nosy|vondronosy]] ao amin' ny Ranomasimbe Indiana: * ny nosy [[Madagasikara]] * ny [[Tamba-nosin' i Kômôro|Vondronosy Kômôro]] * ny vondronosy [[Seisely]] * ny nosy [[La Réunion]] * ny nosy [[Maorisy]] * ny nosy [[Rodrigues]] (miankina amin' ny nosy Maorisy) * ny [[Nosy Miparitaka]]: [[Nosy Bedimaky| Bassas da India]], [[Nosy Europa|Europa]], [[Nosy Glorieuses| Glorieuses]], [[Nosy Kely|Juan de Nova]] ary [[Nosy Tromelin| Tromelin]] * i [[Diego Garcia]], fizatan-tany anglisy aty amin' ny Ranomasimbe Indiana ao amin' ny [[Vondronosy Chagos]] * ny vondronosy [[Maldiva]] * i [[Sri Lanka]] * ny [[tamba-nosy Andaman sy Nicobar|Vondronosy]] [[tamba-nosy Andaman sy Nicobar|Andaman sy Nicobar]], tanin' i [[India]] * ny nosy [[Christmas]], tanin' i [[Aostralia]] * ny vondonosy [[Cocos]], tanin' i [[Aostralia]] * ny vondronosy [[Indônezia|indôneziana]] manaraka ny moron' ny nosy [[Sumatra]]: [[Banyak]], [[Simeulue]], [[Nias]], [[Mentawai]], [[Enggano]], sy ny moron' ny nosy [[Java]]: [[Deli]], [[Tinjil]], [[Kambangan]], [[Sempu]]. Ao koa ny nosy ao anatin' ny [[Terres australes et antarctiques françaises]]: * ny [[nosy Amsterdam]] sy ny [[nosy Saint-Paul]], * ny vondronosy [[Crozet]], * ny vondronosy [[Kerguelen]] (antsoina ihany koa hoe ''îles de la Désolation''). == Jereo koa == * [[Ranomasimbe]] * [[Ranomasina]] * [[Hoala]] * [[Helodrano]] * [[Morontsiraka]] * [[Andilan-dranomasina]] {{Ranomasimbe}} [[Sokajy:Ranomasimbe Indiana]] [[Sokajy:Jeografia]] 966o4ojm70296hz8pcb1ad2ezcx06yl India 0 3913 1091910 1091490 2024-11-22T17:01:21Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanatsara rafi-pehezanteny 1091910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_pays| nom_local1=भारत गणराज्य|langue1=hi| nom_local2=Bhārat Ganarājya|langue2=hi| nom_local3=Republic of India |langue3=en| nom_malgache=Repoblikan' India| image_drapeau=Flag of India.svg | lien_drapeau=Sainan' India | image_blason=Emblem of India.svg | lien_blason=Fanevan' India| image_carte=India (orthographic projection).svg| devise= ''सत्यमेव जयते'' (Satyamēva Jayatē)<br />(avy amin'ny [[Sanskrity]] : Ny Marina ihany no izy) | langues_officielles=[[fiteny hindi]], [[fiteny anglisy]], ary <br />[[Lisitry ny teny ofisialy ny India|fiteny hafa miisa 21]] <small><sup>1</sup></small> | capitale=[[New Delhi]] | coordonnées_capitale=28° 34' N, 77° 07' E | lien_villes=Tanànan'i India | titre_plus_grande_ville=Tanàna ngeza indrindra | plus_grande_ville=[[Mombay]] | type_gouvernement=[[Repoblika]] [[hafederaly|federaly]] |titres_dirigeants=[[Filoham-pirenena]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Praiminisitra]] | noms_dirigeants=[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br />[[Narendra Modi]] | superficie_rang=7 | superficie_totale=3&nbsp;287&nbsp;590 | pourcentage_eau=9,5 % | population_rang=2 | population_totale=1 147 995 898 | population_année=2008| densité=349 | type_indépendance=Daty<br />&nbsp;- République | pays_indépendance=Avy amin'ny [[Onaiteda Kingdoma]] | date_indépendance=15 Aogositra 1947<br />Febroary 1950 | pays frontaliers={{CHN}}{{-}}{{PAK}}{{-}}{{MYA}}{{-}}{{BAN}}{{-}} {{NEP}}{{-}}{{BHU}}| gentilé=Indianina | IDH={{augmentation}} 0,611 | IDH_année=2006 | IDH_catégorie=anelanelany | IDH_rang=faha 126 | monnaie=[[Ropia]] | code_monnaie=INR | fuseau_horaire=+ 5,30 | hymne_national=[[Jana-Gana-Mana]] | Religion(s)=[[hindoisma]] | domaine_internet=.in | indicatif_téléphonique=91 | }} I '''India''' dia firenena ao [[Azia Atsimo]], i [[New Delhi]] no renivohiny ary i [[Bombay]] no tanàn-dehibe be mponina indrindra ao. Mirefy 3&nbsp;287&nbsp;263 km<sup>2</sup> ny velarany ary miisa 1&nbsp;429 tapitrisa ny mponina tao aminy tamin' ny taona 2023. Avy amin' ny [[fiteny persana|teny persana]] hoe ''Sindhu'', izay anarana persanan' ny [[renirano]] [[Sindo|Indosy]] amin' ny [[fiteny sanskrity]], ny hoe ''India''. Mampiasa ny teny hoe ''Bharat'' (mpanjaka hindoa niaina tamin ' ny [[Andro Taloha]]) ny anarana ôfisialy. Nampiasaina tamin' ny vanim-potoan' ny [[Empira Môgôly]] ny anarany fahatelo hoe ''Hindustan'' ("''tanin' ny Hindoa''" amin' ny fiteny persana), tsy ôfisialy intsony ankehitriny io teny hoe ''Hindustan'' io nefa ampiasaina matetika rehefa miresaka an' i India.[[Sary:Inde carte.png|vignette|Sarin-tanin' i India ]] Mivelatra amin' ny halavana 7&nbsp;000 km i India. Mizara sisintany amin' i [[Pakistàna]] izy any andrefana, sy amin' i [[Sina]], amin' i [[Nepaly]], amin' i [[Botàna]] any avaratra. I [[Bangladesy|Bangladesa]] sy i [[Mianmara]] no any atsinanana. Eo amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana|Ranomasimbe Indianina]] dia tsy lavitra azy ny [[Maldiva|Repoblikan' i Maldiva]] (any atsimo-andrefana) sy i [[Srilanka|Seilàna]] (any atsimo-atsinanana). Mizara sisin-tany amin' i [[Afganistàna]] koa i India any avaratra-atsinanana. Miavaka noho ny fisian' ny ampahany amin' i [[Himalaya]] ([[tandavan-tendrombohitra]] avo indrindra eran-tany) sy ny [[ony]] lehibe telo ny vohon-tanin' i India. Ireto ireo ony ireo: i [[Sindo|Indosy]] sy i Ganges (renirano manan-kasina ho an' ny [[Hindoisma|Hindoa]]) ary i Brahmaputra. Miavaka ny [[toetany]] noho ny fisian' ny rivotra mosôna (misy orana mahery amin' ny fahavaratra). I India no firenena faharoa be [[Indiana (vahoaka)|mponina]] indrindra eran-tany (aorian' i [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Sina]]): ny mponina ao aminy dia 17 % amin' ny mponina eran-tany. Vondrom-poko 1&nbsp;600 mahery no miara-monina ao amin' ny tanin' i India. Miavaka ny fiarahamonina indiana noho ny fisian' ny [[sarangam-poko]] (kasta), izany hoe fandaminana ara-piarahamonina ahitana ambaratonga miankina indrindra amin' ny fandovana sy ny fivavahana. Misy fiteny sy fitenim-paritra maherin' ny 3&nbsp;000 ny ao India ka [[fiteny ôfisialy]] roapolo mahery no eken' ny lalàmpanorenana. Ny [[Fiteny hindỳ|fiteny hindy]] no [[fitenim-pirenena]]. Maro ny [[fivavahana]] teraka tao amin' io zana-kôntinenta io, ka anisan' izany ny [[bodisma]], ny [[jainisma]], ny [[hindoisma]] ary ny [[sikisma]]. Ny [[fambolena]] no sehatra lehibe amin' ny asa ara-toekarena ao India, izay faharoa amin' ny famokarana [[vary]] eran-tany. Nihanivoatra be i India tamin' ny dimy ambin' ny folo taona farany teo, indrindra tamin' ny fanombohana ny fiovana demôgrafika nisy hatry ny taona 1991. Tamin' ny 22 Janoary 2007 dia niverina avy tany amin' ny habakabaka ny kapsily indiana tsy misy olona afaka 12 andro, izany nametraka marika siantifika sy teknika lehibe ho an' i India. Hatry ny taona 2008 dia anisan' ny firenena matanjaka ara-toekarena lehibe eto an-tany i India, izay nanakaiky an' i [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Sina]] sy i [[Rosia]] ary i [[Brezila|Brezily]]; i India koa no hery ara-toekarena fahavalo eto an-tany. Teo amin' ny tanin' i India no nisy ny [[sivilizasiôna]] antitra indrindra eto an-tany: ny [[sivilizasiônan' Indosy]], iray amin' ny voalohany fantatra tao amin' ny [[Zana-Kôntinenta Indiana|Saikinosy Indiana]], nanomboka tamin' ny taona 2500 ka hatramin' ny 1800 tal JK. any ho any. Ny tantaran' i India dia voamariky ny fananiham-bohitra nataon' ny [[Ariàna (vahoaka)|Ariana]]: olona avy any [[Azia Afovoany]] niandohan' ny rafitra misy sarangam-poko. Nivoatra tsikelikely ny fandaminana ara-pôlitika, ka nipoitra ny [[repoblika]] sy ny [[fanjakà-mpanjaka]] isan-karazany. Taorian' ny Fanjakan' i Magadha, izay niandohan' ny fampiraisana an' i India, dia maro ny tarana-mpanjaka nifandimby, indrindra fa ny Maurya sy ny Gupta (izay heverina ho andro volamenan' ny kolontsaina klasika tany India). Nanomboka tamin' ny taonjato faha-11 ka hatramin' ny taonjato faha-17 ilay firenena no niharan' ny fananiham-bohitra nataon' ny [[Silamo|Mozilmana]] sy ny [[Empira Môgôly|Môgôly]]. Ny [[fanjanahantany]] eorôpeana (nataon' ny [[Pôrtogaly|Pôrtogey]], ny [[Hôlandy|Hôlandey]], ny [[Frantsa|Frantsay]] ary ny [[Britaina Lehibe|Britanika]]) dia nanomboka tamin' ny taonjato faha-16. Tamin' ny farany dia ny [[Empira Britanika]] no nahavita nifehy tanteraka ilay firenena. Mandritra ny taonjato roa i India dia [[Fanjanahantany anglisy|zanatany anglisy]]; izy no zanatany britanika ngeza indrindra. Nitranga tamin' ny taona 1849 ny andiana fikomiana voalohany nanohitra io fahefana io. Notohizan' i [[Mohandas Gandhi]] izany tamin' ny taompolo 1920 sy 1930. Nahazo ny fahaleovan-tenany i India tamin' ny taona 1947. Tamin' io fotoana io dia naverina ho an' i India taorian' ny fahazoany ny fahaleovan-tena ny [[tobim-barotra]] (kôntoara) frantsay sy pôrtogey tao India. Na izany aza dia nisy ady ara-pivavahana sy ara-pizaràn-tany maro tao amin' ilay firenena. == Tantara == Nipoitra tao India ny fiteny klasika roa ([[fiteny sanskrity]] sy [[fiteny tamily]]) misy eto amin' izao tontolo izao. Efa nampiasaina mandritry ny telo arivo taona ireo fiteny roa ireo. Namorona finoana antsoina hoe [[hindoisma]] ilay firenena, finoana izay mbola arahin' ny maro amin' ny Indiana amin' izao fotoana izao. Tamin' ny taona 300 tal. J.K., dia namorona ny empira sy ny Fiankohonana Maurya i Ashoka, izay nahavory ny ankamaroan' ny tanin' i [[Azia Atsimo]] ho anaty firenena iray. Tamin' ny taona 180 tal. J.K. dia voatafiky ny firenena maro samihafa i India na dia taty aoriana aza (100 – 1100), dia nipoitra ireo fiankohonana indianina hafa: izay ahitana ny Chalukya, ny Chola, ny Pallava ary ny Pandya.<ref>"South India". Suni System Ltd.. 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-19.</ref> Tamin' izany fotoana izany dia nalaza tamin' ny siansa sy ny zavakanto ary ny asa soratra ny faritra atsimo ao India. Maro ny fiankohonana nanjaka tao India nandritry ny taona arivo. Anisan' ireo ny [[Empira Môgôly|Empira Môgaly]], ny Empira Vijayanagara ary ny Empira Maratha. Tamin' ny taona 1600 dia notafihan' ny firenena eorôpeana i India, ary voazanaky ny [[Britaina Lehibe|Britanika]] tanteraka izy io nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1856 hatramin' ny taona 1947. Taorian' ny taona 1947, i India dia nanana toekarena sôsialista voalahatra. Anisan' ny firenena mpikambana nanorina ny hetsiky ny <u>firenena tsy momba ny atsy na ny aroa</u> ary ny [[Firenena Mikambana]] i India. Niatrika ady maro izy io taorian' ny fahaleovan-tenany tamin' ny [[Fanjakana Mitambatra|Fanjakana Mikambana]], anisan' izany ny ady tamin' ny taona 1957-58, 1965, 1971 ary 1999 tamin' i [[Pakistàna]] ary ny adin' ny 1962 tamin' i [[Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina|Sina]]. Niady ihany koa izy io mba haka an' i Goa, izay seranana natsangan' ny [[Pôrtogaly|Pôrtogey]], ary tsy azon' i India raha tsy tamin' ny taona 1961. Nandà ny Pôrtogey ka voatery naka azy an-keriny ny Indiana. Nanao fanandramana nokleary ihany koa i India tamin' ny taona 1974 sy 1998, ary anisan' ny firenena vitsy manana fitaovam-piadiana nokleary. Anisan' ireo toekarena mitombo haingana indrindra eto an-tany ny toekaren' i India nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1991. === Taona taloha === === Andron' ny reforma === === India islamo === === India Eoropeana === === Lalan'ny fahaleovantena === === Fizarana manaintaina === == Pôlitika == {| class="infobox borderless" |+ National symbols of the Republic of India (Official) |- ! '''National animal''' | | [[Image:2005-bandipur-tusker.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National bird''' | | [[Image:Pavo muticus (Tierpark Berlin) - 1017-899-(118).jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National tree''' | | [[Image:Banyan tree on the banks of Khadakwasla Dam.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National flower''' | | [[Image:Sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National heritage animal''' | | [[Image:Panthera tigris.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National aquatic marine mammal''' | | [[Image:PlatanistaHardwicke.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National reptile''' | | [[Image:King-Cobra.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National heritage mammal''' | | [[Image:Hanuman Langur.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National fruit''' | | [[Image:An Unripe Mango Of Ratnagiri (India).JPG|50px]] |- ! '''National temple''' | | [[Image:New Delhi Temple.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National river''' | | [[Image:River Ganges.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''National mountain''' | | [[Image:Nanda Devi 2006.JPG|50px]] |- |} == Jeôgrafia == Mivelatra amin' ny halavana 7&nbsp;000 km i India. Mirefy 3&nbsp;287&nbsp;263 km<sup>2</sup> ny velarany. Mizara sisintany amin' i [[Pakistàna]] izy any andrefana, sy i [[Sina]], i [[Nepaly]], i [[Botàna]] izy any avaratra. I [[Bangladesy|Bangladesa]] sy i [[Mianmara]] any atsinanana. Eo amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana|Ranomasimbe Indianina]], tsy lavitry ny [[Maldiva|Repoblikan' i Maldiva]] (any atsimo-andrefana), i [[Srilanka|Seilàna]] (any atsimo-atsinanana). Mizara sisintany amin' i [[Afganistàna]] koa i India any avaratra-atsinanany. Ny vohontanin' i India dia miavaka noho ny fisian' ny ampahany amin' i [[Himalaya]] ([[tandavan-tendrombohitra]] avo indrindra eran-tany) sy ny [[ony]] lehibe telo: i [[Sindo|Indosy]] sy i Ganges (renirano manan-kasina ho an' ny [[Hindoisma|Hindoa]]) ary i Brahmaputra. Miavaka ny [[toetany]] noho ny fisian' ny rivotra mosôna (misy orana mahery amin' ny fahavaratra). An' i India ny ampahany be amin' ny [[Zana-Kôntinenta Indiana|Zana-Kôntinenta Indianina]]. Miraikitra amin' i [[Aostralia]] ilay zana-kôntintenta amin' ny resaka plaky: ny plaky [[Indô-Aostralianina]]. Mikasika kely ny tendrombohitra [[Himalaya]] ny avaratr' i India. Eo antsimon' i Himalaya dia misy saha tena mahavokatra indrindra any India: ny tany Indô-Ganjetìka no anaran' izy io. Any andrefana, misy ny [[Tanimatin'i Thar|tanimatin' i Thar]]. Any antsimo, dia misy [[lembalemba]] voafaritra any avarany amin' ny [[Gaty Andrefana]] sy any antsinanany amin' ny [[Gaty Antsinanana]]. === Fizaràn' ny faritany === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Anarana || Renivohitra || Teny ofisialy || Velarantany (km²) || Isam-ponina (2001) || Natsangana tamin'ny |- | [[Andhra Pradesh]] || [[Hyderâbâd (India)|Hyderabad]]|| [[Fiteny telogo|Telogo]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:276754}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:76210007}} || align="right" | 1956 |- | [[Arunachal Pradesh]] || [[Itanagar]] || [[Fiteny hindỳ|Hindy]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:83578}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:1097968}} || align="right" | 1987 |- | [[Assam]] || [[Dispur]]|| [[Fiteny asamey|Asamey]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:78438}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:26655528}} || align="right" | 1947 |- | [[Bengala Andrefana]]|| [[Kolkata]] || [[Fiteny bengaly|Bengaly]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:88752}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:80176197}} || align="right" | 1960 |- | [[Bihar]] || [[Patna]] || [[Fiteny hindỳ|Hindy]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:94163}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:82998509}} || align="right" | 1947 |- | [[Chhattisgarh]]|| [[Raipur]]|| [[Fiteny hindỳ|Hindy]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:135133}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:20833803}} || align="right" | 2000 |- | [[Goa]] || [[Panaji]] || [[Fiteny kônkany|Kônkany]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:3702}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:1347668}} || align="right" | 1987 |- | [[Gujarat]] || [[Gandhinagar]] || [[Gujarati]] || align="right" | {{formatnum:196024}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:50671017}} || align="right" | 1960 |- | [[Haryana]]|| [[Chandigarh]] || [[Fiteny hindỳ|Hindy]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:44212}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:21144564}} || align="right" | 1966 |- | [[Himachal Pradesh]]|| [[Shimla]] || [[Fiteny hindỳ|Hindy]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:55673}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:6077900}} || align="right" | 1971 |- | [[Jammu-sy-Kasimira]]|| [[Srinagar]] || [[Fiteny kashmiry|Kasmiry]], [[Fiteny ordò|ordo]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:222236}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:10143700}} || align="right" | 1947 |- | [[Jharkhand]]|| [[Ranchi]] || [[Fiteny hindỳ|Hindy]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:79714}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:26945829}} || align="right" | 2000 |- | [[Karnataka]] || [[Bangalore]] || [[Fiteny kanada|Kanada]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:191791}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:52850562}} || align="right" | 1956 |- | [[Kerala]] || [[Trivandrum]] || [[Fiteny malaialama|Malaialama]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:38863}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:31841374}} || align="right" | 1956 |- | [[Madhya Pradesh]] || [[Bhopal]] || [[Fiteny hindỳ|Hindy]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:308000}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:60348023}} || align="right" | 1956 |- | [[Maharashtra]] || [[Mumbai]] || [[Fiteny maraty|Maraty]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:308000}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:96878627}} || align="right" | 1960 |- | [[Manipur]] || [[Imphal]] || [[Fiteny manipory|manipory]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:22356}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:2166788}} || align="right" | 1972 |- | [[Meghalaya]]|| [[Shillong]] || [[Fiteny garô|Garô]], [[Fiteny kasy|kasy]], [[Fiteny anglisy|anglisy]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:22489}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:2318822}} || align="right" | 1972 |- | [[Mizoram]]|| [[Aizawl]] || [[Mizo]], [[anglisy]] || align="right" | {{formatnum:21087}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:888573}} || align="right" | 1987 |- | [[Nagaland]] || [[Kohima]] || [[Anglisy]] || align="right" | {{formatnum:16527}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:1990036}} || align="right" | 1963 |- | [[Orissa]]|| [[Bhubaneswar]] || [[Fiteny ôria|Ôria]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:155842}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:36804660}} || align="right" | 1949 |- | [[Penjab (India)|Penjab]]|| [[Chandigarh]] || [[Fiteny penjaby|Penjaby]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:50362}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:24358999}} || align="right" | 1956 |- | [[Rajasthan]] || [[Jaipur]] || [[Fiteny hindỳ|Hindy]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:342239}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:56507188}} || align="right" | 1956 |- | [[Sikkim]] || [[Gangtok]] || [[Fiteny nepaley|Nepaley]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:7107}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:540851}} || align="right" | 1975 |- | [[Tamil Nadu]] || [[Chennai]] || [[Tamily]] || align="right" | {{formatnum:130058}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:62405679}} || align="right" | 1956 |- | [[Tripura]]|| [[Agartala]] || [[Fiteny bengaly|Bengaly]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:10477}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:3199203}} || align="right" | 1972 |- | [[Uttarakhand]] || [[Dehradun]] || [[Fiteny hindỳ|Hindy]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:53483}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:8489349}} || align="right" | 2000 |- | [[Uttar Pradesh]]|| [[Lucknow]] || [[Fiteny hindỳ|Hindy]]|| align="right" | {{formatnum:236286}} || align="right" | {{formatnum:166197921}} || align="right" | 1950 |} == Kolontsaina == === Fiteny === Maro dia maro ny [[fiteny any India]] izay ao amin' ny [[fianakaviam-piteny]] maro samihafa. Ny fanisana natao tamin' ny taona 2011 dia nahitana [[fiteny]] miisa 270, ka ny 122 dia fiteny lehibe (be mpampiasa). Manao ny 22 amin' ireo fiteny ireo ho [[fiteny ôfisialy]] ny lalàm-panorenana indiana. Miteny [[fiteny indô-ariana]] ny 77&nbsp;%n' ny vahoaka indiana (ka ny be mpiteny indrindra dia ny [[Fiteny hindỳ|fiteny hindy]] izay fiteny nibeazan' ny olona miisa 422 tapitrisa, izany hoe 41 %n' ny mponina, sady fiteny ôfisialin' ny governemanta foibe), ny 20&nbsp;%n' ny mponina no miteny amin' ireo [[Fianakaviam-piteny dravidiana|fiteny dravidiana]]. Ny fianakaviam-piteny hafa hita ao India dia ny [[Fianakaviam-piteny aostrôaziatika|aostrôaziatika]], ny [[Fianakaviam-piteny sinô-tibetana|sinô-tibetana]] ary ny [[Fianakaviam-piteny tay-kaday|tai-kaday]]. Ny [[fiteny anglisy]] dia fiteny voalohany na faharoa safidîn' ny 12&nbsp;%n' ny mponina. ==== Ny fiteny indô-ariana ==== Sampana ao amin' ny [[Fiteny indo-iraniana|fiteny indô-iraniana]], izay ao anatin' ny [[Fiteny indô-eorôpeanina|fianakaviam-piteny indô-eorôpeana]], ny [[fiteny indô-ariana]]. Ao [[Azia Atsimo]] no tena ahitana olona maro miteny azy ireo, isan' izany ny ao India. [[Fitenim-pirenena|Fitenim-pirenen]]' i India ny [[fiteny hindỳ]]. Misy 480 tapitrisa eo ho eo ny isan' ny olona mampiasa azy, 360 tapitrisa amin' ireo no manao ny fiteny hindỳ ho fitenin-dreny. Amin' ny tapany avaratra amin' i India no misy ny ankabeazan' ny mpiteny hindỳ. Mitovitovy amin' ny [[fiteny hindy]] ihany ny [[fiteny ordò]]. Fiteny ampiasaina indrindra any India atsinanana ny [[fiteny bengaly]], nefa tenenina koa any [[Bangladesy]], anisan' ny fiteny ôfisialin' i India, indrindra any amin' ny faritan' i [[Bengal Andrefana]] sy any Tripura. Fitenin' ny olona miisa 75 tapitrisa any ho any India ny [[fiteny maraty]], indrindra ao amin' ny Fanjakan' i [[Maharashtra]] sy ao [[Goa]]. Iray amin' ny fiteny ôfisialy any India ny fiteny maraty. Anisan' ny fiteny indô-ariana be mpapiasa ao India koa ny [[fiteny gojaraty]] sy ny [[fiteny ôdià]] (na ôrià) ary ny [[fiteny penjaby]]. Fitenin' ny tompontanin' i [[Gujarat]], izay ampiasain' ny olona miisa 46 tapitrisa any India sy maneran-tany, ny [[fiteny gojaraty]]. ==== Ny fiteny dravidiana ==== [[Fianakaviam-piteny]] ahitana [[fiteny]] miisa 30 any ho any izay samy avy ao India avokoa ny [[Fianakaviam-piteny dravidiana|fiteny dravidiana]], izay ampiasaina indrindra ao amin' ny tapany atsimon' i India. Ny [[fiteny telogo]], ny [[fiteny tamily]], ny [[fiteny malaialama]] ary ny [[fiteny kanada]] no tena be mpampiasa. Fitenin' ny olona miisa 70 tapitrisa any ho any ny [[fiteny telogo]], ampiasaina indrindra any amin' ny faritra [[Andhra Pradesh]], izay manao azy ho fiteny ôfisialy. Fiteny ôfisialy ihany koa izy any amin' ny faritra [[Karnataka]] sy [[Maharashtra]] ary any Orissa. Fiteny ôfisialin' i [[Tamil Nadu]] sy ny tananan' i [[Pondicherry (tanàna)|Pondichery]] ary Karîkâl ny [[fiteny tamily]]. Anisan' ny fiteny dravidiana be mpiteny koa ny [[fiteny kanada]] sy ny [[fiteny malaialama]]. Fiteny any amin' ny tapany atsimon' i India, fiteny ôfisialin' i [[Karnataka]], ampiasain' ny olona miisa 45 tapitrisa any ho any, ny fiteny kanada. Anisan' ny fiteny ampiasaina any amin' ny tapany atsimon' i India koa ny fiteny malaialama, izay fiteny ôfisialin' ny faritany mizakatenan' i [[Kerala]], fiteny ôfisialy ao amin' ny faritanin' i Lakshadweep sy any [[Pondicherry (tanàna)|Pondicherry]], fiteny ôfisialin' i India ihany koa, izay misy mpiteny miisa 35,9 tapitrisa any ho any. ==== Fiteny aostrôaziatika ==== Fianakaviam-piteny any [[Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana]] sy ao amin' ny faritra atsinanana any India ny [[Fianakaviam-piteny aostrôaziatika|fiteny aostrôaziatika]]. Miisa 10 tapitrisa ny mpiteny aostrôaziatika any India, 6 tapitrisa ny mpiteny [[Fianakaviam-piteny sinô-tibetana|sinô-tibetàna]], izany hoe 3&nbsp;%n' ny mponina. Anisan' ny fiteny aostrôneziatika ny [[fiteny kasy]] (''khasi'') sy ny [[fiteny monda]] (''munda'') ary ny [[fiteny santaly]] (''santali''). Anisany koa ny fiteny ao amin' ny vondronosy [[Nikobara (nosy)|Nicobar]]. Ankoatry ny fiteny kasy sy ny fiteny santaly dia fiteny tandindomin-doza ny fiteny aostrôaziatika hafa ao India. ==== Fiteny sinô-tibetana ==== [[Fianakaviam-piteny]] any [[Azia Atsinanana]], any [[Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana]], any [[Azia Afovoany]] ary any [[Azia Atsimo]], izay misy mpiteny koa any India ny [[Fianakaviam-piteny sinô-tibetana|fiteny sinô-tibetana]]. ==== Fiteny tai-kaday ==== [[Fianakaviam-piteny]] ampiasaina ao amin' ny saikanosin' i [[Indôsina]] sy any amin' ny faritra atsimo ao [[Sina]], izay misy mpampiasa koa any India, ny [[Fianakaviam-piteny tay-kaday|fiteny tai-kaday]]. ==== Fiteny andamaney ==== Vondrom-piteny ao amin' ny [[nosy Andamàna]], ampiasain' ny tompon-tany [[Andamaney (vahoaka)|andamaney]] ny [[Vondrom-piteny any Andamàna|fiteny any Andamàna]]. Misy vondrona roa ao amin' izany fianakaviam-piteny izany, dia ny fiteny andamaney lehibe sy ny fiteny andamaney avaratra. === Fivavahana === Tao India no nipoiran' ny [[hindoisma]], ny [[bodisma]], ny [[jainisma]] ary ny [[sikisma]]. Nandray hatry ny ela ny [[jodaisma]], ny [[kristianisma]], ny [[finoana silamo]] ary ny [[zôrôastrisma]] koa io firenena io. Matetika nandray anjara lehibe ny fivavahana teo amin' ny tantaran' i India, ary eken' ny lalàna indiana ny fisian' izy ireo. Ny ankabetsahan' ny [[Indiana (vahoaka)|Indiana]] dia mpivavaka ary mandray anjara betsaka amin' ny fiainan' izy ireo ny ny fivavahana. ==== Ny fivavahana nipoitra tao India ==== Tamin' ny taona 2011 dia nisy mpino hindo miisa 966 tapitrisa tao India, ka 79,9 %n' ny mponina izany<ref name=":0"><small>Laurent Marchand, [http://international.blogs.ouest-france.fr/archive/2015/08/30/inde-religion-recensement-catholiques-musulmans-14609.html « Inde : 966 Millions d'Hindous, 172 M de Musulman, 27 M de Chrétiens »] [[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Finternational.blogs.ouest-france.fr%2Farchive%2F2015%2F08%2F30%2Finde-religion-recensement-catholiques-musulmans-14609.html tahiry]], sur Ouest-France, 1er septembre 2015 (consulté le 28 janvier 2016).</small></ref>. Sady [[fivavahana]] sy [[filôzôfia]] ary fomba fiainana nipoitra ao amin' ny [[Zana-Kôntinenta Indiana]] ny hindoisma. Anisan' ny fivavahana tranainy indrindra eran' izao tontolo izao izay mbola misy manaraka izy. Mampiavaka ny hindoisma ny toetrany izay ahitana fanambarana karazana finoana sy fanao avy amin' ny fivavahana samihafa ([[sinkretisma]]). Misy mpino bodista miisa 8&nbsp;400&nbsp;000 (0,7&nbsp;%) ny ao India. Nipoitra avy tao [[India]] tamin' ny taonjato faha-5 tal. J.K. ny [[bodisma]] noho ny fifohazana ara-panahin' i [[Siddhartha Gautama]] sy ny fielezan' ny fampianarany. Azo heverina ho [[Fivavahana tsy misy andriamanitra|fivavahana tsy misy andriamanitra mpamorona]] ny bodisma; satria tsy misy firesahana momba izany ao amin' ny ankamaroan' ny sampan' ny bodisma. Misy mpino jaina miisa 4&nbsp;400&nbsp;000 (0,4&nbsp;%) ny ao India. Ny [[jainisma]] dia mampianatra fa mitovy ny tanjon' ny fiainana ho an' ny [[hindoisma]] sy ny [[bodisma]] ary ny [[sikisma]]. Tamin' ny andron' i Mahâvîra no tena nielezan' ny jainisma tao India. Mandala ny fisainanana tsy misy herisetra (''ahimsa'') ity fivavahana ity. Misy mpino siky miisa 20,8 tapitrisa (1,7&nbsp;%) ny ao India. Fivavahana amin' [[Mônôteisma|Andriamanitra tokana]] naorin' ny [[Gurû Nanak|Guru Nanak]] tao amin' ny tapany avaratr' i India tamin' ny taonjato faha-15 ny [[sikisma]]. Mino ny Siky fa tsy manam-petra, mandrakizay, mpamorona, anton' ny anton-javatra rehetra, tsy manam-pahavalo, ary tsy misy fankahalana Andriamanitra, izay sady ato amin' izao tontolo izao no ao ivelany sy mihoatra azy ([[Fihoa-draha|mihoa-draha]]). ==== Ny fivavahana niditra avy ety ivelany ==== Latsaky ny 20&nbsp;000 ny mpino manaraka ny [[jodaisma]] ao India. Efa tany amin' ny [[Andro Taloha]] no nahitana [[Jiosy]] mpifindra monina tany India ka anisan' ny fivavahana avy ivelany niditra tao India ny jodaisma. Misy Kristana miisa 27&nbsp;800&nbsp;000 (2,3&nbsp;%) ny ao India<ref name=":0" />. Lazain' ny [[lovantsofina]] fa nentin' ny apôstôly [[Tômasy]] (na Tômà) tao India tamin' ny taonjato voalohany ny [[kristianisma]]. Izy no fivavahana avy any ivelany tonga voalohany tao [[India]]. Ankehitriny dia hita ao India ny [[katôlisisma]], ny [[kristianisma ôrtôdôksa]], ny [[prôtestantisma]], ny [[batisma]] ary ny [[Fiangonana Tatsinanana|fiangonana tatsinanana]] samihafa. Misy Mozilmana miisa 172 tapitrisa (14,2&nbsp;%) ny ao India ka firenena laharana fahatelo izy amin' izany ao aorian' i [[Indônezia]] sy i [[Pakistàna]]<ref name=":0" />. Efa tany amin' ny taonjato faha-7 tany no nampisy ny [[Silamo|finoana silamo]] tany India izay nentin' ny [[Arabo (vahoaka)|Arabo]] mpivarotra, nefa taorian' ny fakàn-tany nataon' ny Mozilmàna tany India no nampiely azy indrindra. Ankehitriny dia miisa 61&nbsp;000 ny Zôrôastriana [[Parsỳ|parsy]] ao India. Efa nisy tao India tamin' ny vanim-potoana [[Empira Sasanida|sasanida]] ny [[zôrôastrisma]]. Nifindra monina tao India nanao andiany mifanesy ny Zôrôastriana nandritra ny vanim-potoana silamo, taorian' ny fakàn' ny Mozilmàna an' i [[Persia]], raha nihen-danja ny fivavahany tao [[Iràna Lehibe|Iràna]] sy tamin' ny firenena hafa noho ny fanenjehana. Tamin' ny vanim-potoana [[Empira Safavida|safavida]] koa dia nisy fifindrà-monina. Ao India, ankehitriny, no ahitana Zôrôastriana betsaka indrindra. == Jereo koa == * '''Firenena ao Azia:''' [[Afganistàna]] - [[Arabia Saodita]] - [[Armenia]] - [[Azerbaijàna]] - [[Bangladesy]] - [[Bareina]] - [[Botàna]] - [[Broney]] - [[Emirata Arabo Mitambatra]] - [[Filipina]] - [[Iemena]] - [[India]] - [[Indônezia]] - [[Iràka]] - [[Iràna]] - [[Israely]] - [[Japàna]] - [[Jôrdania]] - [[Kambôdia]] - [[Katara]] - [[Kazakstàna]] - [[Kirgizistàna]] - [[Kôety]] - [[Kôrea Atsimo]] - [[Kôrea Avaratra]] - [[Laôsy]] - [[Libàna]] - [[Maldiva]] - [[Malezia]] - [[Mianmara]] - [[Môngôlia]] - [[Nepaly]] - [[Ômàna]] - [[Ozbekistàna]] - [[Pakistàna]] - [[Palestina (fanjakana)]] - [[Rosia]] - [[Sina]] - [[Singaporo]] - [[Siria]] - [[Srilanka]] - [[Tailandy]] - [[Taioàna]] - [[Tajikistàna]] - [[Torkia]] - [[Torkmenistàna]] - [[Vietnamy]]. * '''Foko any India''': [[Dravidiana (vahoaka)|Dravidiana]] ([[Brahoy (vahoaka)|Brahoy]] - [[Telogo (vahoaka)|Telogo]] - [[Tamily (vahoaka)|Tamily]] - [[Kanadiga (vahoaka)|Kanadiga]] - [[Malaialy (vahoaka)|Malaialy]] - [[Tolo (vahoaka)|Tolo]]) - [[Jiosy any India]] ([[Petrakevitra momba ny fananan' ny Kasmiry firazanana jiosy|Fananan' ny Kasimiry firazanana jiosy]] - [[Jiosin' i Malabar]] - [[Bene Israely]] -[[Bene Efraima]] - [[Knanaia]] - [[Bano Israily]] - [[Bney Menase]]) - * [[Fiteny any India]] * '''Kôntinenta eto an-tany''' * [[Afrika]] * [[Amerika]] ([[Amerika Avaratra]] - [[Amerika Atsimo]]) * [[Azia]] * [[Eorôpa]] * [[Ôseania]] * [[Antarktika]] == Rohy ivaleny == * [https://www.vishweshwarbank.com/en/hotmail-signup.html hotmail] * [https://actascientific.com/engl/hotmail-login/ hotmail] {{Wayback|url=https://actascientific.com/engl/hotmail-login/ |date=20240222075304 }} == Topi-maso == {{refbegin|33em}} * {{citation|title=India|work=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html|accessdate=4 October 2011|ref={{sfnRef|Central Intelligence Agency}}|archive-date=2008-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611033144/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html|dead-url=yes}} * {{citation|date=December 2004|title=Country Profile: India|edition=5th|work=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]]|publisher=[[Library of Congress]] [[Federal Research Division]]|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/India.pdf|accessdate=30 September 2011|format=PDF|ref={{sfnRef|Library of Congress|2004}}}} * {{citation|last1=Heitzman|first1=J.|last2=Worden|first2=R. 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S.|last2=McNeil|first2=D.|last3=Stevenson|first3=P. C.|date=23 October 2007|title=Lentil: An Ancient Crop for Modern Times|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|isbn=978-1-4020-6312-1|url=http://books.google.com/?id=VfT6hZHpXPkC&pg=PA174<!--|quote=But it has been red lentils which have "fed the masses" particularly in the Indian subcontinent. Lentils are a staple food in many regions.-->}} * {{citation|last=Zvelebil|first=K. V.|date=1 August 1997|title=Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|isbn=978-90-04-09365-2|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qAPtq49DZfoC}} {{refend}} [[Sokajy:Jeografia]] [[Sokajy:Firenena]] [[Sokajy:Firenena ao Azia]] [[Sokajy:Firenena]] [[Sokajy:Firenena ao Azia]] [[Sokajy:Azia]] [[Sokajy:India| ]] <references /> 8accfab7zc5fcd96mxdfd52q57a6p6v Pôrtogaly 0 4281 1091904 1089032 2024-11-22T15:42:47Z Thelezifor 15140 Rohy 1091904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vangovango}} {{Infobox pays | nom_local1=República Portuguesa | langue1=pt | nom_malgache=Repoblikan' i Pôrtogaly | image_drapeau=Flag_of_Portugal.svg | lien_drapeau=Sainan'i Pôrtogaly | image_blason=Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal.svg | lien_blason=Fanevan'i Pôrtogaly | image_carte=EU-Portugal.svg | langues=[[Portugesa]] | capitale=[[Lisbonne]] | coordonnées_capitale=38°&nbsp;4'&nbsp;N&nbsp;; 9°&nbsp;W | lien_villes=Lisitrin'ny Tanànan'i Portugal | titre_plus_grande_ville=Tanàna ngeza indrindra | plus_grande_ville=[[Lisbonne]] | type_gouvernement=[[Repoblika]] misy [[Parlementa]] | titres_dirigeants=[[Listrin'ny Filohantan'i Pôrtogaly|Filohanta]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Listrin'ny Mpiray ministran'i Pôrtogaly|Mpiray ministra]] | noms_dirigeants=[[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]]} <br />[[António Costa]] | superficie_rang=109 | superficie_totale=92&nbsp;391 | pourcentage_eau=0,5 % | population_rang=75 | population_totale=10&nbsp;617&nbsp;575 | population_année=2008 | densité=114 | type_indépendance=Date | pays_indépendance=Avy amin'ny [[Royaume de León]]<br /> | date_indépendance=[[25 jolay]] [[1139]]<br /> | pays frontaliers={{ESP}} | gentilé=Portugezy |IDH_année=2006 |IDH={{increase}} 0,900 |IDH_catégorie=ambony |IDH_rang=faha 33 | monnaie=[[Euro]] | code_monnaie=EUR | fuseau_horaire=+0: ([[Western European Time|WET]]); Heure d'été: [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]]+1: ([[WEST]])| hymne_national=[[A Portuguesa]] | domaine_internet=.pt | indicatif_téléphonique=351 |notes=('''1''') aloha ny [[2002]]: [[escudo]] }} I '''Pôrtogaly''' na '''Repoblikan' i Pôrtogaly''' dia firenena ao [[Eorôpa Atsimo-Andrefana]], ao amin' ny tapany andrefana amin' ny [[Saikanosy Iberika]], miaraka amin’ i [[Espaina]], manana morontsiraka ao amin’ ny [[Ranomasimbe Atlantika]]. Mizara sisin-tany amin' i Pôrtogaly ao avaratra sy atsinanany i [[Espaina]] ary ny [[Ranomasimbe Atlantika]] no mamaritra ny sisin-taniny ao atsimo sy andrefana. Ny tangoro-nosin' i [[Asaoro]] sy [[Madera]] dia isan' ny tafiditra ao amin' ny tanin' i Pôrtogaly. Tendrombohitra antonony no hita ao Pôrtogey ka ny 40 %n’ ny velarany dia rakotra ala. Ny ankamaroan’ ny [[Pôrtogey (vahoaka)|Pôrtogey]] dia monina ambanivohitra na amin’ ny tanàna antonontony. Teo anelanelan’ ny taona 1960 sy 1988 dia Pôrtogey iray tapitrisa no nandao tanindrazana mba hitady asa any ivelany. Taorian’ ny fidiran’ i Pôrtogaly ho mpikambana tao amin’ ny Fianakaviambe ara-Toekarena Eorôpeana (frantsay: ''Communauté Economique Européenne'' -- CEE), dia nandroso fatratra ny toekareny. Nitoetra ho anisan’ ireo firenena mahantra indrindra ao amin’ ny [[Vondrona Eorôpeana]] i Pôrtogaly ka tsy niova izany raha tsy tamin’ ny nidiran’ ireo firenena ao [[Eorôpa Atsinanana]] tamin’ ny taona 2004. Ny voly [[voaloboka]] no tena ataon’ ny mponina any ary ny fampiroboroboana ny [[taozava-baventy]] dia vao natao taty aoriana. Nanjakazaka tao amin’ ny faritra misy an’ i  Pôrtogaly ankehitriny ny [[Empira Rômana]]. Nanani-bohitra sy nanorim-ponenana tao ny [[Barbariana (vahoaka)|Barbariana]] tamin’ ny taonjato faha-5 talohan’ ny hifehezan’ ny [[Maoro (vahoaka)|Maoro]] azy. Ireo faritra nobodoin’ ny [[Arabo (vahoaka)|Arabo]] dia azon’ ireo mpanjaka espaniôla indray nanomboka tamin’ ny taonjato faha-10, izay naharitra hatrany amin’ ny fiafaran’ ny taonjato faha-15: izany no atao hoe ''Reconquista''. Nandrefa miaramila hanao fanafihana lehibe mifanesisesy ny Pôrtogey: nandeha hatrany [[India]] i [[Vasco de Gama]], ary ny faritra rehetra hitany tamin’ izany dia nozanahan’ i Pôrtogaly, ka isan’ izany i Madère, i Açores, i Cap-Vert, i [[Angôla]], ary i [[Brezily]]. Izany andro volamena izany dia nodimbiasan’ ny fotoan’ ny fitontonganana: nakambana tamin’ i [[Espaina]] ho feheziny i Pôrtogaly tamin’ ny fiafaran’ ny taonjato faha-16. Nahazo ny fahaleovan-tenany indray izy tamin’ ny taona 1640. Tamin’ ny taona 1910 dia voasolon’ ny fitondrana repoblikana ny fitondrà-mpanjaka. Nandray anjara tamin’ ny [[Ady Lehibe Voalohany]] nanampy ny Alliés i Pôrtogaly nanomboka tamin’ ny taona 1916. Tamin’ ny taona 1926 dia [[fanonganam-panjakana]] no nametraka fitondrana vaovao mpanao [[didy jadona]]: izany no atao hoe ''Estado novo'' ("Fanjakana vaovao") izay notarihin’ i [[António de Oliveira Salazar]] fotoana fohy taty aoriana. Tamin’ ireo taona 1960 dia nitaky fahaleovan-tena ireo zanatany pôrtogey. Izany tsy filaminana izany dia nahatonga fanoherana ny fitondrana ihany koa tao Pôrtogaly: nanapitra ny fitondrana jadona tamin’ ny taona 1974 ny revôlisiônan’ ny Œillets. Natao ny fanambaràna ny [[lalàm-panorenana]] vaovao ary nihanatanjaka ny [[demôkrasia]]. Nanomboka tamin’ ny taona 1986 dia nandray anjara amin’ ny fananganana an’ i Eorôpa i Pôrtogaly. Mpikambana ao anatin' ny [[Vondrona Eoropeanina]] hatramin' ny taona 1986 i Pôrtogaly. == Jereo koa == * [[Fanjanahantany pôrtogey]] * '''Firenena ao Eorôpa''' ** [[Albania]] - [[Alemaina]] - [[Andôra]] - [[Aotrisy]] - [[Belzika]] - [[Bielôrosia]] - [[Bolgaria]] - [[Bôsnia-Herzegôvina]] - [[Danemarka]] - [[Espaina]] - [[Estônia]] - [[Fanjakana Mitambatra]] - [[Finlandy]] - [[Frantsa]] - [[Grisia]] (na [[Gresy]]) - [[Hôngria]] (na [[Hongaria]]) - [[Irlanda]] - [[Islandy]] - [[Italia]] - [[Jeôrjia]] - [[Repoblikan' i Kipra|Kipra]] (na [[Repoblikan' i Kipra|Sipra]]) - [[Krôasia]] (na - [[Krôatia]]) - [[Letônia]] - [[Liktenstaina]] - [[Litoania]] - [[Loksemborga]] - [[Masedônia Avaratra]] (na [[Makedônia Avaratra]])- [[Malta]] - [[Môldavia]] - [[Môntenegrô]] - [[Nederlandy]] - [[Nôrvezy]] - [[Okraina]] - [[Pôlônia]] - [[Pôrtogaly]] - [[Tsekia]] - [[Romania]] - [[Rosia]] - [[San-Marîno]] - [[Serbia]] - [[Slôvakia]] - [[Slôvenia]] - [[Soeda]] - [[Soisa]] - [[Tsekia]] - [[Vatikàna|Vatikàna.]] * '''Kôntinenta eto an-tany''' ** [[Afrika]] ** [[Amerika]] ([[Amerika Avaratra]] - [[Amerika Atsimo]]) ** [[Azia]] ** [[Eorôpa]] ** [[Ôseania]] ** [[Antarktika]] [[Sokajy:Firenena]] [[Sokajy:Eoropa]] [[Sokajy:Portogaly]] [[Sokajy:Firenenan'i Vondrona Eoropeanina]] [[Sokajy:Firenena ao Eoropa]] nerpmc3quzrhzi3af0zr2sgq28nst8a 1091909 1091904 2024-11-22T16:29:15Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanatsara rafi-pehezanteny 1091909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vangovango}} {{Infobox pays | nom_local1=República Portuguesa | langue1=pt | nom_malgache=Repoblikan' i Pôrtogaly | image_drapeau=Flag_of_Portugal.svg | lien_drapeau=Sainan'i Pôrtogaly | image_blason=Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal.svg | lien_blason=Fanevan'i Pôrtogaly | image_carte=EU-Portugal.svg | langues=[[Portugesa]] | capitale=[[Lisbonne]] | coordonnées_capitale=38°&nbsp;4'&nbsp;N&nbsp;; 9°&nbsp;W | lien_villes=Lisitrin'ny Tanànan'i Portugal | titre_plus_grande_ville=Tanàna ngeza indrindra | plus_grande_ville=[[Lisbonne]] | type_gouvernement=[[Repoblika]] misy [[Parlementa]] | titres_dirigeants=[[Listrin'ny Filohantan'i Pôrtogaly|Filohanta]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Listrin'ny Mpiray ministran'i Pôrtogaly|Mpiray ministra]] | noms_dirigeants=[[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]]} <br />[[António Costa]] | superficie_rang=109 | superficie_totale=92&nbsp;391 | pourcentage_eau=0,5 % | population_rang=75 | population_totale=10&nbsp;617&nbsp;575 | population_année=2008 | densité=114 | type_indépendance=Date | pays_indépendance=Avy amin'ny [[Royaume de León]]<br /> | date_indépendance=[[25 jolay]] [[1139]]<br /> | pays frontaliers={{ESP}} | gentilé=Portugezy |IDH_année=2006 |IDH={{increase}} 0,900 |IDH_catégorie=ambony |IDH_rang=faha 33 | monnaie=[[Euro]] | code_monnaie=EUR | fuseau_horaire=+0: ([[Western European Time|WET]]); Heure d'été: [[Temps universel coordonné|UTC]]+1: ([[WEST]])| hymne_national=[[A Portuguesa]] | domaine_internet=.pt | indicatif_téléphonique=351 |notes=('''1''') aloha ny [[2002]]: [[escudo]] }} I '''Pôrtogaly''' na '''Repoblikan' i Pôrtogaly''' dia firenena ao [[Eorôpa Atsimo-Andrefana]], ao amin' ny tapany andrefana amin' ny [[Saikanosy Iberika]], miaraka amin' i [[Espaina]], manana morontsiraka ao amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Atlantika]]. Mizara sisin-tany amin' i Pôrtogaly ao avaratra sy atsinana i [[Espaina]] ary ny [[Ranomasimbe Atlantika]] no mamaritra ny sisin-taniny ao atsimo sy andrefana. Ny [[Tamba-nosy|vondronosy]] [[Açores]] sy [[Madera]] dia anisan' ny tanin' i Pôrtogaly. Tendrombohitra antonony no hita ao Pôrtogaly ka ny 40 %n' ny velarany dia rakotra ala. Ny ankamaroan' ny [[Pôrtogey (vahoaka)|Pôrtogey]] dia monina ambanivohitra na amin’ ny tanàna antonontony. Teo anelanelan' ny taona 1960 sy 1988 dia Pôrtogey iray tapitrisa no nandao tanindrazana mba hitady asa any ivelany. Taorian’ ny fidiran’ i Pôrtogaly ho mpikambana tao amin’ ny Fianakaviambe ara-Toekarena Eorôpeana ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''Communauté Economique Européenne'' - CEE), dia nandroso fatratra ny toekareny. Nitoetra ho anisan' ny firenena mahantra indrindra ao amin' ny [[Vondrona Eorôpeana]] i Pôrtogaly ka tsy niova izany raha tsy tamin' ny nidiran' ny firenena ao [[Eorôpa Atsinanana]] tamin' ny taona 2004. Ny voly [[voaloboka]] no tena ataon' ny mponina any ary ny fampiroboroboana ny [[taozava-baventy]] dia vao natao taty aoriana. Nanjakazaka tao amin' ny faritra misy an' i  Pôrtogaly ankehitriny ny [[Empira Rômana]]. Nanani-bohitra sy nanorim-ponenana tao ny [[Barbariana]] tamin' ny taonjato faha-5 talohan' ny hifehezan' ny [[Maoro (vahoaka)|Maoro]] azy. Ny faritra nobodoin' ny [[Arabo (vahoaka)|Arabo]] dia azon' ny mpanjaka espaniôla indray nanomboka tamin' ny taonjato faha-10, izay naharitra hatrany amin' ny fiafaran' ny taonjato faha-15: izany no atao hoe ''Reconquista''. Nandrefa miaramila hanao fanafihana lehibe mifanesisesy ny Pôrtogey: nandeha hatrany [[India]] i [[Vasco de Gama]], ary ny faritra rehetra hitany tamin' izany dia nozanahan' i Pôrtogaly, ka anisan' izany i [[Madeira]], i [[Açores]], i [[Kapvera]], i [[Angôla]], ary i [[Brezily]]. Izany andro volamena izany dia nodimbiasan' ny fotoan' ny fitontonganana: nakambana tamin' i [[Espaina]] ho feheziny i Pôrtogaly tamin' ny fiafaran' ny taonjato faha-16. Nahazo ny fahaleovan-tenany indray izy tamin' ny taona 1640. Tamin' ny taona 1910 dia voasolon' ny fitondrana repoblikana ny fitondrà-mpanjaka. Nandray anjara tamin' ny [[Ady Lehibe Voalohany]] nanampy ny Mpiray Dina i Pôrtogaly nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1916. Tamin' ny taona 1926 dia [[fanonganam-panjakana]] no nametraka fitondrana vaovao mpanao [[didy jadona]]: izany no atao hoe ''Estado novo'' ("Fanjakana vaovao") izay notarihin' i [[António de Oliveira Salazar]] fotoana fohy taty aoriana. Tamin' ny taompolo 1960 dia nitaky fahaleovan-tena ny zanatany pôrtogey. Nahatonga fanoherana ny fitondrana tao Pôrtogaly ihany koa izany tsy filaminana izany: nanapitra ny fitondrana jadona tamin' ny taona 1974 ny Revolução dos Cravos. Natao ny fanambaràna ny [[Lalàmpanorenana|lalàm-panorenana]] vaovao ary nihanatanjaka ny [[demôkrasia]]. Nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1986 dia nandray anjara amin' ny fananganana an' i Eorôpa i Pôrtogaly. Mpikambana ao anatin' ny [[Vondrona Eorôpeana]] hatramin' ny taona 1986 i Pôrtogaly. == Jereo koa == * [[Fanjanahantany pôrtogey]] * '''Firenena ao Eorôpa''' ** [[Albania]] - [[Alemaina]] - [[Andôra]] - [[Aotrisy]] - [[Belzika]] - [[Bielôrosia]] - [[Bolgaria]] - [[Bôsnia-Herzegôvina]] - [[Danemarka]] - [[Espaina]] - [[Estônia]] - [[Fanjakana Mitambatra]] - [[Finlandy]] - [[Frantsa]] - [[Grisia]] (na [[Gresy]]) - [[Hôngria]] (na [[Hongaria]]) - [[Irlanda]] - [[Islandy]] - [[Italia]] - [[Jeôrjia]] - [[Repoblikan' i Kipra|Kipra]] (na [[Repoblikan' i Kipra|Sipra]]) - [[Krôasia]] (na - [[Krôatia]]) - [[Letônia]] - [[Liktenstaina]] - [[Litoania]] - [[Loksemborga]] - [[Masedônia Avaratra]] (na [[Makedônia Avaratra]])- [[Malta]] - [[Môldavia]] - [[Môntenegrô]] - [[Nederlandy]] - [[Nôrvezy]] - [[Okraina]] - [[Pôlônia]] - [[Pôrtogaly]] - [[Tsekia]] - [[Romania]] - [[Rosia]] - [[San-Marîno]] - [[Serbia]] - [[Slôvakia]] - [[Slôvenia]] - [[Soeda]] - [[Soisa]] - [[Tsekia]] - [[Vatikàna|Vatikàna.]] * '''Kôntinenta eto an-tany''' ** [[Afrika]] ** [[Amerika]] ([[Amerika Avaratra]] - [[Amerika Atsimo]]) ** [[Azia]] ** [[Eorôpa]] ** [[Ôseania]] ** [[Antarktika]] [[Sokajy:Firenena]] [[Sokajy:Eoropa]] [[Sokajy:Portogaly]] [[Sokajy:Firenenan'i Vondrona Eoropeanina]] [[Sokajy:Firenena ao Eoropa]] 3asebxtq1hfef98xf2mitt9iwrcry3y La Réunion 0 25340 1091930 1085108 2024-11-23T06:36:29Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanisy sary 1091930 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:La Réunion department relief location map.jpg|vignette|266x266px|Ny nosy La Réunion]] '''La Réunion''' dia nosy [[frantsa]]y 700&nbsp;km any atsinanan' i [[Madagasikara]] ary 170&nbsp;km any atsimo-andrefan' i [[Maorisy]], izay tany akaikiny indrindra. Ny renivohiny dia i [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]].[[Sary:La Réunion arrondissement commune map.svg|200px|ankavanana|thumb|Nosin'i La Réunion]][[Sary:Location-Reunion-France.png|200px|ankavanana|thumb|Fisian'i La Réunion]] == Mponina == Ny isan' ny mponina ao La Réunion dia {{formatnum:808250}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=kopian'ny arisiva |url=http://www.linfo.re/-Societe-/808-250-habitants-a-la-Reunion |accessdate=2012-04-29 |archivedate=2011-11-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117190817/http://www.linfo.re/-Societe-/808-250-habitants-a-la-Reunion }}</ref>: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tanàna !! Mponina[[2011]] !! Augmentation par rapport à [[2010]] |- | [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]] || {{formatnum:144238}} || {{Increase}} +1,1 % |- | [[Saint-Paul, Réunion|Saint-Paul]] || {{formatnum:103008}} || {{Increase}} +1,8 % |- | [[Saint-Pierre, Réunion|Saint-Pierre]] || {{formatnum:76247}} || {{Increase}} +1,2 % |- | [[Le Tampon]] || {{formatnum:72026}} || {{Increase}} +2,0 % |- | [[Saint-André, Réunion|Saint-André]] || {{formatnum:52956}} || {{Increase}} +2,3 % |- | [[Saint-Louis, Réunion|Saint-Louis]] || {{formatnum:50717}} || {{Increase}} +1,7 % |- | [[Le Port, Réunion|Le Port]] || {{formatnum:38279}} || {{Increase}} +0,2 % |- | [[Saint-Joseph, Réunion|Saint-Joseph]] || {{formatnum:35062}} || {{Increase}} +1,6 % |- | [[Saint-Benoît, Réunion|Saint-Benoît]] || {{formatnum:33802}} || {{Increase}} +0,8 % |- | [[Sainte-Marie, Réunion|Sainte-Marie]] || {{formatnum:30815}} || {{Increase}} +1,7 % |- | [[Saint-Leu, Réunion|Saint-Leu]] || {{formatnum:29925}} || {{Increase}} +1,9 % |- | [[La Possession]] || {{formatnum:28798}} || {{Increase}} +3,1 % |- | [[Sainte-Suzanne, Réunion|Sainte-Suzanne]] || {{formatnum:22411}} || {{Increase}} +2,4 % |- | [[L'Étang-Salé|Étang-Salé]] || {{formatnum:13367}} || {{Increase}} +1,4 % |- | [[Petite-Île]] || {{formatnum:11692}} || {{Increase}} +1,6 % |- | [[Bras-Panon]] || {{formatnum:11404}} || {{Increase}} +1,8 % |- | [[Les Avirons]] || {{formatnum:10336}} || {{Increase}} +4,1 % |- | [[Salazie]] || {{formatnum:7294}} || {{Decrease}} -0,1 % |- | [[Trois-Bassins]] || {{formatnum:6994}} || {{Increase}} +0,6 % |- | [[Sainte-Rose, Réunion|Sainte-Rose]] || {{formatnum:6809}} || {{Increase}} +0,4 % |- | [[Entre-Deux]] || {{formatnum:6022}} || {{Increase}} +1,7 % |- | [[Cilaos]] || {{formatnum:5994}} || {{Decrease}} -0,2 % |- | [[Saint-Philippe, Réunion|Saint-Philippe]] || {{formatnum:5114}} || {{Increase}} +0,6 % |- | [[La Plaine-des-Palmistes]] || {{formatnum:4940}} || {{Increase}} +4,1 % |-class="sortbottom" | '''Total''' || '''{{formatnum:808250}}''' || |} == Jereo koa == * [[Frantsa]] ** [[Departemanta andafy]] == Rohy Ivelany== {{Commons|Category:Réunion|Réunion}} == Tsiahy == <references/> [[Sokajy:La Réunion|*]] [[Sokajy:Nosy ao Afrika]] [[Sokajy:Nosy ny ranomasimbe Indiana]] pebbr1e875bqie7zzzuojgjwdvbq8a8 1091931 1091930 2024-11-23T07:55:23Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanitatra vontoatiny 1091931 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:La Réunion department relief location map.jpg|vignette|309x309px|Ny nosy La Réunion]] I '''La Réunion''' dia [[nosin' afotroa]] any amin' ny ilany andrefan' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]], ao atsinanan' i [[Afrika]], any amin' ny [[ila-bolantany atsimo]], manana velaran-tany mirefy 2&nbsp;512 km<sup>2</sup>. Sady departemanta izy no faritra frantsay ampitan-dranomasina ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''département et une région d'outre-mer français'' - DROM), 676&nbsp;km any atsimo-atsinanan' i [[Madagasikara]] sy 172&nbsp;km any atsimo-andrefan' i [[Maorisy]], izay tany akaikiny indrindra. Ny renivohiny dia i [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]]. Izy io dia nosin' afotroa noforonin' ny <u>teboka mafana</u>. Ny tendro Piton des Neiges izay manana haavo 3&nbsp;070 m ambonin' ny ranomasina, no toerana avo indrindra. Manana vohon-tany mideza vokatry ny [[fikao-tany]] ilay nosy. Iray amin' ny afotroa mihetsika indrindra eran-tany i Piton de la Fournaise (2&nbsp;632 m) izay any amin' ny ilany atsimo-atsinanan' ilay nosy. Noho ny fananany [[Toetanin-jana-pehin-tany|toetany trôpikaly]] misy rivotra [[Alizay]] an-dranomasina sy noho ny maha eo amin' ny lalan' ny rivodoza azy dia fonenan' ny karazan-javamananaina miavaka tsy fahita firy i La Réunion.[[Sary:La Réunion arrondissement commune map.svg|200px|ankavanana|thumb|Nosin'i La Réunion]]Mety ho tamin' ny [[Andro Antenatenany]] no nahitan' ny [[Arabo (vahoaka)|Arabo]] an' i La Réunion tamin' ny anarana hoe ''<u>Dina Morgabin</u>'' ("ilay nosy mandry"), izay tsy nisy mponina raha tsy nanomboka tamin' ny tapaky ny taonjato faha-17, tokony ho 150 taona taorian' ny nipoiran' izy io tao amin' ny sarin-tanin' ny tantsambo pôrtogey. Mandra-pahatongan' izany dia fantatra tamin' ny anarana hoe ''<u>Nosy Mascarin</u>'' i La Réunion, avy eo nantsoina hoe <u>''Nosy Bourbon''</u> izay lasa fijanonan' ny [[Compagnie française des Indes orientales]] izay manaraka ny <u>Lalana mankany India</u> ([[Fiteny pôrtogey|pôrtogey]]: ''Carreira da India''). Nanomboka tamin' ny taompolo 1710 dia lasa zanatany nanavana fambolena [[Kafe (zavamaniry)|kafe]] izy io. Rehafa nanjary orinasa nisahana raharaham-pamblena izy dia lasa teo ambany fifehezan' ny mpanjakan' i Frantsa tamin' ny taompolo 1760 talohan' ny namerenana azy indray hisahana ny indostrian' ny fary tamin' ny faran' ny <u>Ady Napôleôniana</u> nifanesy. Novana tanteraka ho amin' ny anarany ankehitriny izy tamin' ny taona 1848 izay nanafoanana koa ny [[fanandevozana]] tao, nosoloina tamin' ny asa an-tsitrapo ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''engagisme'') izay tsy nifarana taha tsy tamin' ny taompolo 1930.[[Sary:Location-Reunion-France.png|200px|ankavanana|thumb|Toerana misy an' i La Réunion]]Tamin' ny taona 1946 dia [[zanatany]] intsony izy fa lasa departemanta frantsay, nefa tsy nahazo ny fitovian-jo ara-tsôsialy sy momba ny karama amin' ny mponin' ny departemanta frantsay any Frantsa, nampiharana ny fehezan-didy aman-dalànan' ny departemanta 974 (frantsay: ''code départemental 974''). Ao anarin' ny Faritra Euro (frantsay: ''zone euro'') ilay nosy nefa tsy anisan' ny Erana Schengen (frantsay: ''espace Schengen''). Mbola marefo ny rafi-pamokarana ao aminy. Ambony (eo anelanelan' ny 17 % sy 19 % nanomboka tamin' ny taona 2020) ny tahan' ny tsy fananana asa ao, anisan' izany ny 39 % amin' ny tanora. Ny [[Fizahàn-tany|fizahàntany]] no sehatra ara-toekarena manan-danja indrindra ao amin' io nosy io ankehitriny. Tombanana ho 19,2 lavitrisa Euro ny [[harin-karena faobe]] tamin' ny taona 2021, ary manodidina ny 22&nbsp;400 Euro isan-taona ny salam-pidiram-bola isaky ny mponina isan-taona. Araka ny filazan' ny Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques dia tombanana ho 885&nbsp;700 ny mponina ao La Réunion tamin' ny volana Janoary 2024, izay mifantoka ao amin' ny morontsiraka misy tanàna lehibe, anisan' izany i [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]] renivohitra. Miavaka ny firafitry ny mponina ao noho ny fahabetsahan' ny tanora sy ny fiaviana samihafa: [[Eorôpa|Eorôpeana]], [[Afrika Andrefana|Afrikana Tandrefana]], [[Afrika Atsinanana|Afrikana Tatsinanana]], [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|Malagasy]], [[Indiana (vahoaka)|Indiana]], [[Vietnamy|Vietnamiana]], [[Kômôro|Kômôriana]], [[Mayotte|Mahôrey]], [[Maley (foko)|Malay]] ary [[Sina (lohateny mitovy anarana)|Sinoa]]. Misy fiantraikany amin' ny kolontsain' i La Réunion io fahasamihafana io, indrindra eo amin' ny fiteniny ([[fiteny kreôly reoniôney]]) sy ny [[Sakafo|nahandrony]] ary hatramin' ny [[Mozika|mozikany]] ([[segà]], [[malôià]], sns.). == Mponina == Ny isan' ny mponina ao La Réunion dia {{formatnum:808250}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=kopian'ny arisiva |url=http://www.linfo.re/-Societe-/808-250-habitants-a-la-Reunion |accessdate=2012-04-29 |archivedate=2011-11-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117190817/http://www.linfo.re/-Societe-/808-250-habitants-a-la-Reunion }}</ref>: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tanàna !! Mponina[[2011]] !! Augmentation par rapport à [[2010]] |- | [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]] || {{formatnum:144238}} || {{Increase}} +1,1 % |- | [[Saint-Paul, Réunion|Saint-Paul]] || {{formatnum:103008}} || {{Increase}} +1,8 % |- | [[Saint-Pierre, Réunion|Saint-Pierre]] || {{formatnum:76247}} || {{Increase}} +1,2 % |- | [[Le Tampon]] || {{formatnum:72026}} || {{Increase}} +2,0 % |- | [[Saint-André, Réunion|Saint-André]] || {{formatnum:52956}} || {{Increase}} +2,3 % |- | [[Saint-Louis, Réunion|Saint-Louis]] || {{formatnum:50717}} || {{Increase}} +1,7 % |- | [[Le Port, Réunion|Le Port]] || {{formatnum:38279}} || {{Increase}} +0,2 % |- | [[Saint-Joseph, Réunion|Saint-Joseph]] || {{formatnum:35062}} || {{Increase}} +1,6 % |- | [[Saint-Benoît, Réunion|Saint-Benoît]] || {{formatnum:33802}} || {{Increase}} +0,8 % |- | [[Sainte-Marie, Réunion|Sainte-Marie]] || {{formatnum:30815}} || {{Increase}} +1,7 % |- | [[Saint-Leu, Réunion|Saint-Leu]] || {{formatnum:29925}} || {{Increase}} +1,9 % |- | [[La Possession]] || {{formatnum:28798}} || {{Increase}} +3,1 % |- | [[Sainte-Suzanne, Réunion|Sainte-Suzanne]] || {{formatnum:22411}} || {{Increase}} +2,4 % |- | [[L'Étang-Salé|Étang-Salé]] || {{formatnum:13367}} || {{Increase}} +1,4 % |- | [[Petite-Île]] || {{formatnum:11692}} || {{Increase}} +1,6 % |- | [[Bras-Panon]] || {{formatnum:11404}} || {{Increase}} +1,8 % |- | [[Les Avirons]] || {{formatnum:10336}} || {{Increase}} +4,1 % |- | [[Salazie]] || {{formatnum:7294}} || {{Decrease}} -0,1 % |- | [[Trois-Bassins]] || {{formatnum:6994}} || {{Increase}} +0,6 % |- | [[Sainte-Rose, Réunion|Sainte-Rose]] || {{formatnum:6809}} || {{Increase}} +0,4 % |- | [[Entre-Deux]] || {{formatnum:6022}} || {{Increase}} +1,7 % |- | [[Cilaos]] || {{formatnum:5994}} || {{Decrease}} -0,2 % |- | [[Saint-Philippe, Réunion|Saint-Philippe]] || {{formatnum:5114}} || {{Increase}} +0,6 % |- | [[La Plaine-des-Palmistes]] || {{formatnum:4940}} || {{Increase}} +4,1 % |-class="sortbottom" | '''Total''' || '''{{formatnum:808250}}''' || |} == Jereo koa == * [[Frantsa]] ** [[Departemanta andafy]] == Rohy Ivelany== {{Commons|Category:Réunion|Réunion}} == Tsiahy == <references/> [[Sokajy:La Réunion|*]] [[Sokajy:Nosy ao Afrika]] [[Sokajy:Nosy ny ranomasimbe Indiana]] 4hb2kakwa414jfyfra0uws5f77z3moe Amboasary-Atsimo 0 44696 1091923 1091752 2024-11-23T05:11:48Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanatsara rafi-pehezanteny 1091923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox tanàna |anarana=Amboasary-Atsimo |faritany=[[Faritanin' i Toliara|Toliara]] |faritra=[[Faritra Anosy]] |isam-ponina=45989 |velarantany=248 |firenena={{Madagasikara}} |sary =Biraon' ny Kaominina Amboasary Atsimo, Madagasikara.jpg|thumb|<nowiki>RN13 Amboasary-Atsimo]]</nowiki> }} I '''Amboasary-Atsimo''' dia [[Kaominina eto Madagasikara|kaominina malagasy]] ao amin' ny [[Distrikan' Amboasary-Atsimo|distrikan' Amboasary Atsimo]], [[Faritra Anosy]], [[Faritanin' i Toliara]]. Niisa 25&nbsp;521 ny mponina ao aminy araka ny faminavinana natao tamin' ny taona 2000 fa 45&nbsp;989 kosa izany araka ny faminavinana natao tamin' ny taona 2018<ref>[https://madagascar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/resultat_globaux_rgph3_tome_02.pdf Recensement 2018]</ref>. 51901 ny kaodin-kaominina ary 519 ny kaodin-distrika. Mandalo ao Ambnoasary Atsimo ny ony [[Mandrare]]. Amboasary-Atsimo dia 75 km andrefan' i [[Tolagnaro]] ary 35 km miala an' [[Ambovombe]]. == Fambolena == Miasa tany ny 5 %n' ny mponina. Latsaky ny 5 % ny tantsaha mampiasa [[Zezika|zezika simika]]. Ny [[vomanga]] (na [[Vomanga|bageda]]) no entana faharoa lafo vidy indrindra. Ny [[mangahazo]] (na [[Vomanga|balahazo]]) no zava-bolena lehibe indrindra amin' ny lafiny velaran-tany. Ny [[Kafe (maniry)|kafe]], izay tsy ambolena any, no entana fahatelo lafo vidy indrindra. Ny [[vomanga]] no zava-bolena faharoa lehibe indrindra amin' ny lafiny velaran-tany. Ny entana lafo vidy indrindra dia ny mangahazo. Mikarama amin' ny fambolena [[taretra]] koa ny mponina ao. == Fiompiana == Ny 10 % amin' ny mponina no miasa amin' ny [[fiompiana]]. Miompy [[omby]] sy [[osy]] sy [[ondry]] ary [[akoho amam-borona]] ny mponina any. Ny isan' ny omby dia 4&nbsp;759. Miompy [[kisoa]] (izay atao hoe "lambo" any) ny mponina ka miisa 500 ny kisoa. == Asa fivelomana hafa == Ny 60 % amin' ny mponina no mivelona amin' ny [[taozavatra]] na [[asa tanana]]. Ny 10 % amin' ny mponina no miasa amin' ny [[Jono|fanjonoana]]. Ny 15 % amin' ny mponina no miasa amin' ny sampandraharaha. == Fotodrafitrasa == Tongan' ny lalam-paritra ilay tanàna. Ahitana hôpitaly na toeram-pitsaboana ny any. Ahitana tobim-pahasalamana ny any Misy tsena isan' andro ny any. Ijanon' ny taksiborosy ilay kaominina. Misy fianarana ambaratonga faharoa (lise) ny any. Ahitana orinasa mampiasa olona mihoatra ny 50 ny any. Andalovan' ny [[lalam-pirenena faha-13]] ilay kaominina. Ahitana sekoly ambaratonga fototra (EPP). Ahitana kôlejy ao amin' ilay tanàna. Tsy ny [[Jiro sy Rano Malagasy]] (JIRAMA) no manome ny rano. Ny JIRAMA no manome ny angovon' aratra. Misy biraon' ny paositra ao. == Fitaterana == [[Sary:Madagascar RN13 near Berenty.JPG|vignette|Lalam-pirenena faha-13]] Ny fiara maivana base no fitaovam-pitaterana ampiasaina matetika indrindra. Ny faharetan' ny dia mankany amin' ny renivohi-paritra dia 3 ora. Ahitana lalana [[Tara|godorô]] ny ao amin' ilay kaominina. Ny fotoam-pitaterana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny andro fahavaratra dia 3 ora. Azo aleha mandavan-taona ny lalan-tany. Ny saran-dalan' ny olona tokana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny andro fahavaratra dia 15&nbsp;000 Ariary. Ny saran-dalan' ny olona tokana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritara amin' ny maintany dia 15&nbsp;000 Ariary. Amboasary-Atsimo dia 75 km andrefan' i [[Tolagnaro]] ary 35 km miala an' [[Ambovombe]]. == Fari-piainana == Ny 90 % amin' ny mponina no atao hoe [[Fahantrana|mahantra]]. Ny halavan' ny vanim-potoana mety ahalanian' ny vokatry ny taon-dasa dia 4 volana. Ny 10 % amin' ny mponina no atao hoe manan-karena. == Fitantanana == Ny ao amin' ny kaominina Amboasary Atsimo dia misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fiompiana, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fahasalamana, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny rano sy ny ala, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fiarovana, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fanabeazana, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny asa vaventy, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny vola. == Olana == Ny isan' ny vono olona tanatin' ny taona 1999-2001 dia 4. Ny isan' ny vakitrano tanatin' ny taona 1999-2001 dia 17. Ahitana zandary ao amin' ilay kaominina. ==Rohy ivelany== * [http://www.ilo.cornell.edu/ilo/census.xls ilo.cornell.edu] - Statistika momba ny kaominina malagasy ary loharanom-pahaizana namoronana an'ity lahatsoratra ity. * [https://fr.meteocast.net/5d-forecast/mg/amboasary_2/ Meteo Amboasary] ==Rohy ivelany== {{commonscat|Amboasary Sud}} {{reflist}} {{Anosy}} [[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]] [[Sokajy:Kaominina any Faritra Anosy]] qn2b6s3mq6neszbmld4k79nuijb10nv 1091924 1091923 2024-11-23T05:27:42Z Thelezifor 15140 Fizahàn-tany 1091924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox tanàna |anarana=Amboasary-Atsimo |faritany=[[Faritanin' i Toliara|Toliara]] |faritra=[[Faritra Anosy]] |isam-ponina=45989 |velarantany=248 |firenena={{Madagasikara}} |sary =Biraon' ny Kaominina Amboasary Atsimo, Madagasikara.jpg|thumb|<nowiki>RN13 Amboasary-Atsimo]]</nowiki> }} I '''Amboasary-Atsimo''' dia [[Kaominina eto Madagasikara|kaominina malagasy]] ao amin' ny [[Distrikan' Amboasary-Atsimo|distrikan' Amboasary Atsimo]], [[Faritra Anosy]], [[Faritanin' i Toliara]]. Niisa 25&nbsp;521 ny mponina ao aminy araka ny faminavinana natao tamin' ny taona 2000 fa 45&nbsp;989 kosa izany araka ny faminavinana natao tamin' ny taona 2018<ref>[https://madagascar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/resultat_globaux_rgph3_tome_02.pdf Recensement 2018]</ref>. 51901 ny kaodin-kaominina ary 519 ny kaodin-distrika. Mandalo ao Ambnoasary Atsimo ny ony [[Mandrare]]. == Jeôgrafia == [[Sary:Lagoon Anony.jpg|ankavia|vignette|Farihy Anony]] Amboasary-Atsimo dia 75 km andrefan' i [[Tolagnaro]] ary 35 km miala an' [[Ambovombe]]. Ny farihy Anony (2&nbsp;300 ha) izay 17 km ao atsimon’ Amboasary Atsio sy ny farihin' i Ranofotsy (500 ha) no farihy any. == Fambolena == Miasa tany ny 5 %n' ny mponina. Latsaky ny 5 % ny tantsaha mampiasa [[Zezika|zezika simika]]. Ny [[vomanga]] (na [[Vomanga|bageda]]) no entana faharoa lafo vidy indrindra. Ny [[mangahazo]] (na [[Vomanga|balahazo]]) no zava-bolena lehibe indrindra amin' ny lafiny velaran-tany. Ny [[Kafe (maniry)|kafe]], izay tsy ambolena any, no entana fahatelo lafo vidy indrindra. Ny [[vomanga]] no zava-bolena faharoa lehibe indrindra amin' ny lafiny velaran-tany. Ny entana lafo vidy indrindra dia ny mangahazo. Mikarama amin' ny fambolena [[taretra]] koa ny mponina ao. Ny toekaren' ilay tanàna dia anjakan' ny fambolena taretra sy orinasa telo manao ny fanovana izany ho vokatra voaodina. == Fiompiana == Ny 10 % amin' ny mponina no miasa amin' ny [[fiompiana]]. Miompy [[omby]] sy [[osy]] sy [[ondry]] ary [[akoho amam-borona]] ny mponina any. Ny isan' ny omby dia 4&nbsp;759. Miompy [[kisoa]] (izay atao hoe "lambo" any) ny mponina ka miisa 500 ny kisoa. == Asa fivelomana hafa == Ny 60 % amin' ny mponina no mivelona amin' ny [[taozavatra]] na [[asa tanana]]. Ny 10 % amin' ny mponina no miasa amin' ny [[Jono|fanjonoana]]. Ny 15 % amin' ny mponina no miasa amin' ny sampandraharaha. == Fotodrafitrasa == Tongan' ny lalam-paritra ilay tanàna. Ahitana hôpitaly na toeram-pitsaboana ny any. Ahitana tobim-pahasalamana ny any Misy tsena isan' andro ny any. Ijanon' ny taksiborosy ilay kaominina. Misy fianarana ambaratonga faharoa (lise) ny any. Ahitana orinasa mampiasa olona mihoatra ny 50 ny any. Andalovan' ny [[lalam-pirenena faha-13]] ilay kaominina. Ahitana sekoly ambaratonga fototra (EPP). Ahitana kôlejy ao amin' ilay tanàna. Tsy ny [[Jiro sy Rano Malagasy]] (JIRAMA) no manome ny rano. Ny JIRAMA no manome ny angovon' aratra. Misy biraon' ny paositra ao. == Fitaterana == [[Sary:Madagascar RN13 near Berenty.JPG|vignette|Lalam-pirenena faha-13]] Ny fiara maivana base no fitaovam-pitaterana ampiasaina matetika indrindra. Ny faharetan' ny dia mankany amin' ny renivohi-paritra dia 3 ora. Ahitana lalana [[Tara|godorô]] ny ao amin' ilay kaominina. Ny fotoam-pitaterana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny andro fahavaratra dia 3 ora. Azo aleha mandavan-taona ny lalan-tany. Ny saran-dalan' ny olona tokana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny andro fahavaratra dia 15&nbsp;000 Ariary. Ny saran-dalan' ny olona tokana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritara amin' ny maintany dia 15&nbsp;000 Ariary. == Fizahàn-tany == Akaikin' Amboasary-Atsimo ny [[Tahirin-javaboarin' i Berenty]] izay sahanin' olon-tsotra. Mahaliana koa ny [[Helodranon' Italy]]. Ao amin' ny tapany atsimon' Amboasary Atsmo no misy ny Farihy Anony izay ahitana vorona [[Sama (vorona)|sama]] ([[Fiteny anglisy|anglisy]]: ''flamingo'') sy lava-bato antsoina hoe ''Jurassique Cirque''. == Fari-piainana == Ny 90 % amin' ny mponina no atao hoe [[Fahantrana|mahantra]]. Ny halavan' ny vanim-potoana mety ahalanian' ny vokatry ny taon-dasa dia 4 volana. Ny 10 % amin' ny mponina no atao hoe manan-karena. == Fitantanana == Ny ao amin' ny kaominina Amboasary Atsimo dia misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fiompiana, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fahasalamana, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny rano sy ny ala, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fiarovana, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fanabeazana, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny asa vaventy, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny vola. == Olana == Ny isan' ny vono olona tanatin' ny taona 1999-2001 dia 4. Ny isan' ny vakitrano tanatin' ny taona 1999-2001 dia 17. Ahitana zandary ao amin' ilay kaominina. ==Rohy ivelany== * [http://www.ilo.cornell.edu/ilo/census.xls ilo.cornell.edu] - Statistika momba ny kaominina malagasy ary loharanom-pahaizana namoronana an'ity lahatsoratra ity. * [https://fr.meteocast.net/5d-forecast/mg/amboasary_2/ Meteo Amboasary] ==Rohy ivelany== {{commonscat|Amboasary Sud}} {{reflist}} {{Anosy}} [[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]] [[Sokajy:Kaominina any Faritra Anosy]] n25j6rjtlz71o32mpmbwu3v1ulp78oy 1091928 1091924 2024-11-23T06:20:58Z Thelezifor 15140 /* Fizahàn-tany */ Namafa rohy 1091928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox tanàna |anarana=Amboasary-Atsimo |faritany=[[Faritanin' i Toliara|Toliara]] |faritra=[[Faritra Anosy]] |isam-ponina=45989 |velarantany=248 |firenena={{Madagasikara}} |sary =Biraon' ny Kaominina Amboasary Atsimo, Madagasikara.jpg|thumb|<nowiki>RN13 Amboasary-Atsimo]]</nowiki> }} I '''Amboasary-Atsimo''' dia [[Kaominina eto Madagasikara|kaominina malagasy]] ao amin' ny [[Distrikan' Amboasary-Atsimo|distrikan' Amboasary Atsimo]], [[Faritra Anosy]], [[Faritanin' i Toliara]]. Niisa 25&nbsp;521 ny mponina ao aminy araka ny faminavinana natao tamin' ny taona 2000 fa 45&nbsp;989 kosa izany araka ny faminavinana natao tamin' ny taona 2018<ref>[https://madagascar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/resultat_globaux_rgph3_tome_02.pdf Recensement 2018]</ref>. 51901 ny kaodin-kaominina ary 519 ny kaodin-distrika. Mandalo ao Ambnoasary Atsimo ny ony [[Mandrare]]. == Jeôgrafia == [[Sary:Lagoon Anony.jpg|ankavia|vignette|Farihy Anony]] Amboasary-Atsimo dia 75 km andrefan' i [[Tolagnaro]] ary 35 km miala an' [[Ambovombe]]. Ny farihy Anony (2&nbsp;300 ha) izay 17 km ao atsimon’ Amboasary Atsio sy ny farihin' i Ranofotsy (500 ha) no farihy any. == Fambolena == Miasa tany ny 5 %n' ny mponina. Latsaky ny 5 % ny tantsaha mampiasa [[Zezika|zezika simika]]. Ny [[vomanga]] (na [[Vomanga|bageda]]) no entana faharoa lafo vidy indrindra. Ny [[mangahazo]] (na [[Vomanga|balahazo]]) no zava-bolena lehibe indrindra amin' ny lafiny velaran-tany. Ny [[Kafe (maniry)|kafe]], izay tsy ambolena any, no entana fahatelo lafo vidy indrindra. Ny [[vomanga]] no zava-bolena faharoa lehibe indrindra amin' ny lafiny velaran-tany. Ny entana lafo vidy indrindra dia ny mangahazo. Mikarama amin' ny fambolena [[taretra]] koa ny mponina ao. Ny toekaren' ilay tanàna dia anjakan' ny fambolena taretra sy orinasa telo manao ny fanovana izany ho vokatra voaodina. == Fiompiana == Ny 10 % amin' ny mponina no miasa amin' ny [[fiompiana]]. Miompy [[omby]] sy [[osy]] sy [[ondry]] ary [[akoho amam-borona]] ny mponina any. Ny isan' ny omby dia 4&nbsp;759. Miompy [[kisoa]] (izay atao hoe "lambo" any) ny mponina ka miisa 500 ny kisoa. == Asa fivelomana hafa == Ny 60 % amin' ny mponina no mivelona amin' ny [[taozavatra]] na [[asa tanana]]. Ny 10 % amin' ny mponina no miasa amin' ny [[Jono|fanjonoana]]. Ny 15 % amin' ny mponina no miasa amin' ny sampandraharaha. == Fotodrafitrasa == Tongan' ny lalam-paritra ilay tanàna. Ahitana hôpitaly na toeram-pitsaboana ny any. Ahitana tobim-pahasalamana ny any Misy tsena isan' andro ny any. Ijanon' ny taksiborosy ilay kaominina. Misy fianarana ambaratonga faharoa (lise) ny any. Ahitana orinasa mampiasa olona mihoatra ny 50 ny any. Andalovan' ny [[lalam-pirenena faha-13]] ilay kaominina. Ahitana sekoly ambaratonga fototra (EPP). Ahitana kôlejy ao amin' ilay tanàna. Tsy ny [[Jiro sy Rano Malagasy]] (JIRAMA) no manome ny rano. Ny JIRAMA no manome ny angovon' aratra. Misy biraon' ny paositra ao. == Fitaterana == [[Sary:Madagascar RN13 near Berenty.JPG|vignette|Lalam-pirenena faha-13]] Ny fiara maivana base no fitaovam-pitaterana ampiasaina matetika indrindra. Ny faharetan' ny dia mankany amin' ny renivohi-paritra dia 3 ora. Ahitana lalana [[Tara|godorô]] ny ao amin' ilay kaominina. Ny fotoam-pitaterana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny andro fahavaratra dia 3 ora. Azo aleha mandavan-taona ny lalan-tany. Ny saran-dalan' ny olona tokana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny andro fahavaratra dia 15&nbsp;000 Ariary. Ny saran-dalan' ny olona tokana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritara amin' ny maintany dia 15&nbsp;000 Ariary. == Fizahàn-tany == Akaikin' Amboasary-Atsimo ny [[Tahirin-javaboarin' i Berenty]] izay sahanin' olon-tsotra. Mahaliana koa ny Helodranon' Italy. Ao amin' ny tapany atsimon' Amboasary Atsmo no misy ny Farihy Anony izay ahitana vorona [[Sama (vorona)|sama]] ([[Fiteny anglisy|anglisy]]: ''flamingo'') sy lava-bato antsoina hoe ''Jurassique Cirque''. == Fari-piainana == Ny 90 % amin' ny mponina no atao hoe [[Fahantrana|mahantra]]. Ny halavan' ny vanim-potoana mety ahalanian' ny vokatry ny taon-dasa dia 4 volana. Ny 10 % amin' ny mponina no atao hoe manan-karena. == Fitantanana == Ny ao amin' ny kaominina Amboasary Atsimo dia misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fiompiana, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fahasalamana, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny rano sy ny ala, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fiarovana, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fanabeazana, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny asa vaventy, misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny vola. == Olana == Ny isan' ny vono olona tanatin' ny taona 1999-2001 dia 4. Ny isan' ny vakitrano tanatin' ny taona 1999-2001 dia 17. Ahitana zandary ao amin' ilay kaominina. ==Rohy ivelany== * [http://www.ilo.cornell.edu/ilo/census.xls ilo.cornell.edu] - Statistika momba ny kaominina malagasy ary loharanom-pahaizana namoronana an'ity lahatsoratra ity. * [https://fr.meteocast.net/5d-forecast/mg/amboasary_2/ Meteo Amboasary] ==Rohy ivelany== {{commonscat|Amboasary Sud}} {{reflist}} {{Anosy}} [[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]] [[Sokajy:Kaominina any Faritra Anosy]] k31erm9mff3oxwg9pmw5ab1pmmh1gld Enaniliha 0 45850 1091922 1091751 2024-11-23T05:05:30Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanatsara rafi-pehezanteny 1091922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox tanàna |anarana=Enaniliha |faritany=Toliary |isam-ponina=2078 |firenena={{Madagasikara}} }} '''Enaniliha''' dia [[Kaominina eto Madagasikara|kaominina malagasy]] ao amin' ny [[Distrikan' i Tolagnaro]], [[Faritra Anosy]], [[Faritanin' i Toliara|Faritanin' i Toliary]]. Niisa 2&nbsp;078 ny mponina ao aminy araka ny faminavinana natao tamin' ny taona 2000. Ny kaodin-kaominina dia 51515 ary ny kaodin-distrika dia 515. Ny sekoly ambaratonga fototra ihany no misy ao. [[Fambolena|Mpamboly]] ny 80&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina ao amin’ ilay kaominina, raha ny 15&nbsp;% kosa no mivelona amin’ ny [[fiompiana]]. Ny [[vary]] no voly lehibe indrindra, raha ny [[Akondro (voany)|akondro]] sy ny [[mangahazo]] kosa no vokatra lehibe hafa. Ny serivisy dia manome asa ho an' ny 5&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina. == Vokatry ny fambolena == Ny [[Akondro (voany)|akondro]] no entana faharoa lafo vidy indrindra. Ny [[vary]] no zava-bolena lehibe indrindra amin' ny lafin' ny velaran-tany. Ny entana fahatelo lafo vidy indrindra dia ny [[mangahazo]]. Ny isan' ny [[omby]] dia 2&nbsp;208. Ny isan' ny taona nisian' ny pestan' ny vorona teo anelanelan' ny taona 1999-2001 dia 3. Ny zava-bolena faharoa lehibe indrindra amin' ny lafin' ny velaran-tany dia ny mangahazo. Ny vary no entana lafo vidy indrindra. 100&nbsp;% amin' ny [[tanimbary]] no voatondraka amin' ny [[tohodrano]] na paompy. Ny 80&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no miasa tany, 15&nbsp;% no miasa amin' ny [[fiompiana]], ary 5&nbsp;% no miasa amin' ny sampandraharaha. 200 ny isan' ny [[kisoa]]. == Fotodrafitrasa == Ahitana tobim-pahasalamana sy sekoly ambaratonga fototra ny ao. == Fitaterana == Ny tongotra no fitaovam-pitaterana ampiasaina matetika indrindra. Maharitra 3 ora ny dia mankany amin' ny renivohi-paritra. Ny fotoam-pitaterana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritany amin' ny andro fahavaratra dia 3 ora. Ny saran-dalan' ny olona tokana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny andro fahavaratra dia 15&nbsp;000 Fmg. Ny saran-dalan' ny olona tokana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny maintany dia 15&nbsp;000 Fmg. == Fari-piainana == 5&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no tena mahantra dia mahantra. 20&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no atao hoe mahantra. Ny halavan' ny vanim-potoana mety hahalanian' ny vokatry ny taon-dasa dia 4 volana. 15&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no atao hoe manan-karena. 60&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no manana fari-piainana antonontonony. == Fitantanana == Misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fanabeazana ny ao. == Olana == Tapaka indroa ny lalana tao anatin' ny taona 1999-2001. == Rohy ivelany == * [http://www.ilo.cornell.edu/ilo/census.xls ilo.cornell.edu] - Statistika momba ny kaominina malagasy ary loharanom-pahaizana namoronana an'ity lahatsoratra ity. [[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]] 8d3dzpe8eyszb1rxovutjemtayvuo6g Mahatalaky 0 46102 1091929 1091756 2024-11-23T06:30:57Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanatsara rafi-pehezanteny 1091929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox tanàna |anarana=Mahatalaky |faritany=Toliary |isam-ponina=24648 |firenena={{Madagasikara}} }} I '''Mahatalaky''' dia [[Kaominina eto Madagasikara|kaominina malagasy]] ao amin' ny [[Distrikan' i Tolagnaro]], [[Faritra Anosy]], [[Faritanin' i Toliara]]. Niisa 24&nbsp;648 ny mponina ao aminy araka ny faminavinana natao tamin' ny taona 2000. Ny kaodin-kaominina dia 51513 ary ny kaodin-distrika dia 515. Any amin' ny 35 km miala an' i [[Tolagnaro]] no misy azy. Misy ny fampianarana ambaratonga voalohany sy ambaratonga faharoa ny ao amin' io kaominina io. Ny tahan' ny tsy fahaizana mamaky teny sy manoratra dia ambony, any amin' ny 48,9&nbsp;%. Ao amin’ io kaominina io no misy ny tanànan' i Manafiafy sy ny [[Tahirin-javaboarin' i Sainte Luce]] ([[:en:Sainte_Luce_Reserve|'''en''']]) == Vokatry ny fambolena == Manome asa ho an' ny 40&nbsp;% sy 20%-n' ny mponina miasa ny [[fambolena]] sy ny [[fiompiana]]. Tamin' ny taona 2009 dia izao no vokatra: [[vary]] 3&nbsp;000 taonina, [[mangahazo]] 4&nbsp;000 taonina, [[Akondro (voany)|akondro]] 480 taonina, [[fary]] 40 taonina ary [[Kafe (voany)|kafe]] 50 taonina. Zava-dehibe koa ny [[Jono|fanjonoana]]. Tamin' ny taona 2009 teo amin’ ny tanin’ ny kaominina dia 40 taonina ny [[antsisiky]] nojonoina. Latsaky ny 5&nbsp;% amin' ny tantsaha no mampiasa [[Zezika|zezika simika]]. Ny [[vary]] no entana faharoa lafo vidy indrindra. Ny zava-bolena lehibe indrindra amin' ny lafin' ny velaran-tany dia ny [[Akondro (maniry)|akondro]]. Ny [[Kafe (voany)|kafe]] no entana fahatelo lafo vidy indrindra. Ny isan' ny [[omby]] dia 2&nbsp;669. Ny [[Kafe (zavamaniry)|kafe]] no zava-bolena faharoa lehibe indrindra amin' ny lafin' ny velaran-tany. Ny entana lafo vidy indrindra dia ny [[Akondro (voany)|akondro]]. Ny 40&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no [[Fambolena|miasa tany]], 35&nbsp;% no miasa amin' ny [[Jono|fanjonoana]], ay ny 20&nbsp;% no miasa amin' ny [[fiompiana]]. Ny 5&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no miasa amin' ny servisy. 130 no isan' ny [[kisoa]]. Ahitana fikambanan' ny mpiasa tanana sy fikambanan' ny mpanjono ny ao amin' io tanàna io. == Fotodrafitrasa == Tongan' ny lalam-paritra ilay tanàna. Ahitana tobim-pahasalamana ny ao. Misy tsena isan' andro any. Ijanon' ny taksiborosy ilay kaominina sy andalovan' ny lalam-pirenena ilay kaominina. Ahitana sekoly ambaratonga fototra sy kôlejy ny ao amin' ilay tanàna. Tsy ny [[Jiro sy Rano Malagasy|JIRAMA]] no manome ny rano. == Fitaterana == Ny fitaovam-pitaterana ampiasaina matetika indrindra dia kamiao. Maharitra 2 ora ny fandehanana mankany amin' ny renivohi-paritra. Ny fotoam-pitaterana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny andro fahavaratra dia 4 ora. Azo aleha mandavan-taona ny lalan-tany. Ny saran-dalan' ny olona tokana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny andro fahavaratra dia 10&nbsp;000 Fmg. Misy fikambanan' ny mpampiasa lalan-tany ao. Ny saran-dalan' ny olona tokana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny maintany dia 8&nbsp;000 Fmg. == Fari-piaiana == 2&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no tena mahantra dia mahantra. 3&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no atao hoe mahantra. 4 volana ny halavan' ny vanim-potoana mety hahalanian' ny vokatry ny taon-dasa. 20&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no atao hoe manan-karena. 75&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no manana fari-piainana antonontonony. == Fitantanana == Misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fanabeazana ny ao. Ahitana polisy ao amin'ilay kaominina. Indeto ny fokontany 16 ao amin' ilay kaominina: Mahatalaky-Eroanga, Tsiharoa-Ambondro, Tsiharoa-Ampasy, Belavenoka-Andriambe, Farafara-Vatambe, Mahialambo, Manafiafy-Sainte Luce, Ebakika, Tsanoriha, Tsihalagna, Andramanaka, Mananara I, Mananara II, Volobe Atsimo, Beandry ary Volobe Avaratra.. == Rohy ivelany == * [http://www.ilo.cornell.edu/ilo/census.xls ilo.cornell.edu] - Statistika momba ny kaominina malagasy ary loharanom-pahaizana namoronana an'ity lahatsoratra ity. [[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]] mux41vd0ugqczjsewwfqhko57hotlzj Manantenina 0 46187 1091918 1091738 2024-11-23T04:56:56Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanatsara rafi-pehezanteny 1091918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox tanàna |anarana=Manantenina |faritany=Toliary |isam-ponina=18905 |firenena={{Madagasikara}} |sary=Manantenina street view.jpg}} I '''Manantenina''' dia [[Kaominina eto Madagasikara|kaominina malagasy]] ao amin' ny [[Distrikan' i Tolagnaro|distrikan' i Fort Dauphin]], [[Faritanin' i Toliara|Faritanin' i Toliary]]. Niisa 18&nbsp;905 ny mponina ao aminy araka ny faminavinana natao tamin' ny taona 2000. Ny kaodin-kaominina dia 51525 ary ny kaodin-distrika dia 515. == Vokatry ny fambolena == Ny [[vary]] no entana faharoa lafo vidy indrindra. Ny [[mangahazo]] no zava-bolena lehibe indrindra amin' ny lafin' ny velaran-tany. Ny [[vomanga]] no entana fahatelo lafo vidy indrindra. 2&nbsp;400 ny isan' ny omby any. Ny isan' ny taona nisian' ny [[pestan' ny vorona]] teo anelanelan' ny taona 1999-2001 dia 1. Ny [[vary]] no zava-bolena faharoa lehibe indrindra amin' ny lafin' ny velaran-tany. Ny entana lafo vidy indrindra dia ny mangahazo. 35&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no [[Fambolena|miasa tany]]. 50&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no miasa amin' ny [[Jono|fanjonoana]]. 10&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no miasa amin' ny [[fiompiana]]. 5&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no miasa amin' ny sampandraharaha. 150 no isan' ny [[kisoa]]. == Fotodrafitrasa == Ahitana tobim-pahasalamana ao. Misy tsena isan' andro any. Ijanon' ny taksiborosy ilay kaominina. Andalovan' ny lalam-pirenena ilay kaominina. Ahitana sekoly ambaratonga fototra. Ahitana kôlejy ao amin' ilay tanàna. Misy biraom-paositra ao. == Fitaterana == [[Sary:Madagascar national road 12a ferry.JPG|vignette|Lalanam-pirenena faha-12a, baka eo Ankaramany]] Ny kamiao no fitaovam-pitaterana ampiasaina matetika indrindra. 14 ora ny faharetan' ny dia mankany amin' ny renivohi-paritra. 24 ora no fotoam-pitaterana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny andro fahavaratra. Ny saran-dalan' ny olona tokana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny andro fahavaratra dia 30&nbsp;000 Fmg. 25&nbsp;000 Fmg kosa saran-dalan' ny olona tokana mankany amin' ny tanàn-dehibem-paritra amin' ny maintany. == Fari-piainana == 3&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no tena mahantra dia mahantra. 22&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no atao hoe mahantra. Ny halavan' ny vanim-potoana mety hahalanian' ny vokatry ny taon-dasa dia 2 volana. 5&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no atao hoe manan-karena. 70&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina no manana fari-piainana antonontonony. == Fitantanana == Misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny [[Fanabeazana eto Madagasikara|fanabeazana]]. Misy masoivohon' ny ministeran' ny fahasalamana. == Olana == Tapaka in-3 ny lalana tao anatin' ny taona 1999-2001. Ahitana [[Zandarimaria|zandary]] ao amin' ilay kaominina. == Jereo koa == * [[Manantenina (fitrandrahana)|Manantenina (harena an-kibon' ny tany)]] == Rohy ivelany == * [http://www.ilo.cornell.edu/ilo/census.xls ilo.cornell.edu] - Statistika momba ny kaominina malagasy ary loharanom-pahaizana namoronana an'ity lahatsoratra ity. [[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]] sxzvhwyuqmv0woc2gpmevn9v7e0r2nt Madeira 0 59294 1091906 1084026 2024-11-22T16:04:32Z Thelezifor 15140 nanova ny anaran'i [[Madera]] ho [[Madeira]] i Thelezifor 1084026 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Madeira topographic map-fr.svg|220px|ankavanana|Sarintany ara-topografikan'i Madera]] '''Madera''' (amin'ny [[fiteny portogey]] : ''Madeira'') dia [[tambanosy]] portogey ao amin'ny Ranomasimbe Atlantika. Ny nosy lehibe indrindra ao amin'ny tambanosin'i Madera (90 isan-jaton'ny tanin'ilay tamba-nosy). Faritany miazaka-tena i Madera ary i [[Funchal]] no renivohitra. Noho izy an'i [[Portogaly]], mpikambana ao amin'ny [[Vondrona Eoropeana]] ny faritanin'i Madera. {{vangovango}} [[sokajy:Portogaly]] [[sokajy:Nosy pôrtogey]] ro1ijxolzzes2rq1159fde37m2dn4me 1091908 1091906 2024-11-22T16:13:39Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanatsara rafi-pehezanteny 1091908 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Madeira topographic map-fr.svg|vignette|293x293px|Ny Vondronosy Madeira]] I '''Madeira''' dia [[Tamba-nosy|vondronosy]] pôrtogey ao amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Atlantika]]. Faritra miazaka-tena i Madeira ([[Fiteny pôrtogey|pôrtogey]]: ''Região Autónoma da Madeira'') ary i [[Funchal]] no renivohiny. Noho izy an' i [[Pôrtogaly]] dia mpikambana ao amin' ny [[Vondrona Eorôpeana]] ny tanin' i Madeira. {{vangovango}} [[sokajy:Portogaly]] [[sokajy:Nosy pôrtogey]] s5q9fo3dafedih9zuv086eh8oc1q57u Antanosy 0 229961 1091903 1091760 2024-11-22T15:39:58Z Thelezifor 15140 Rohy 1091903 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:ANTANOSY.jpg|vignette|354x354px|Tanora lahy sy vavy antanosy]] [[Sary:Antanosy tomb on the road from Fort Dauphin to Amboasary.jpg|vignette|Fasana antanosy manamorona ny lalana avy any [[Tolagnaro]] mankany [[Amboasary-Atsimo|Amboasary Atsimo]]]] Ny '''Antanosy''' na '''Tanosy''' dia vondrom-poko ao amin' ny tendro atsimo-atsinanan' i [[Madagasikara]], ao amin' ny [[faritra Anosy]] izay misy an' i [[Tolagnaro]], eo anelanelan' ny renirano [[Masianaka (ony)|Masianaka]] sy ny ony [[Mandrare]] no misy azy betsaka indrindra, nefa ahitana azy koa ny tanàna toa an' i [[Bezaha]] sy [[Vatolatsaka]] (ao amin' ny [[distrikan' i Betioky-Atsimo]]) ary any [[Bereketa]] (ao amin' ny [[distrikan' i Sakaraha]]) any amin' ny [[faritra Atsimo-Andrefana]]. I Tolagnaro no tanàn-dehiben' izy ireo. Nifindra any taorian' ny nandresen' ny [[Merina]] an' Anosy. ny Antanosy mipetraka any Bezaha sy ny manodidina. Tombanana ho 360&nbsp;000 ny Antanosy tamin' ny taona 2013. == Ny maha izy azy ny Antanosy == Ao amin' ny [[Faritra Anosy]] ao atsimo-atsinanan' i Madagasikara no tena fonenan' ny Antanosy, na dia eo aza ireo izay mipetraka any [[Bezaha]] sy ny manodidina, izay nifindran' ny sasany tamin' ny Antanosy taorian' ny nandresen' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina|Merina]] an' Anosy.[[Sary:Two Antanosy ,men, 1900-1910.jpg|vignette|183x183px|Lehilahy antanosy, teo anelanelan' ny taona 1900 sy 1910.]] Tamin' ny taonjato faha-19 dia nibodo ny ampahan-tanin' ny [[Mahafaly]] sy ny an' ny [[Bara]] ny Antanosy, hatrany amin' ny ony [[Onilahy (ony)|Onilahy]] any atsimo-andrefana, noho ny fahaiza-manaony. Vokatry ny fahatongavan' ny [[Merina|tafika merina]] tany Anosy izany fifindrà-monina izany<ref><small>Ogot, Bethwell A. (1992). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century]''. Paris: UNESCO.</small></ref>. Niisa 360&nbsp;000 any ho any ny Antanosy tamin' ny taona 2013<ref><small>Diagram Group (2013). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xJQuAgAAQBAJ Encyclopedia of African Peoples]''. San Francisco, CA: Routledge. p. .</small></ref>. 2 % n' ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|vahoaka malagasy]] eo ho eo ny Antanosy, ka anisan' ny vondrom-poko madinika eto [[Madagasikara]] amin' ny isan' ny mponina sy amin' ny velaran' ny tany nonenan' ny razambeny<ref><small>Bradt, Hilary; Austin, Daniel (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vyNVb2q0RisC&pg=PA23&dq=madagascar+ethnic+group#q=madagascar%20ethnic%20group Madagascar]'' (9th ed.). Guilford, CT: The Globe Pequot Press Inc. pp. 113–115.</small></ref>.[[Sary:Antanosy warriors.jpg|vignette|282x282px|Mpiady antanosy tamin' ny taona 1908 any ho any]] == Fiarahamonina == Nifindra monina avy any avaratra tokony ho 150–200 taona lasa izay ny razamben' ny Antanosy ankehitriny. === Ny zana-poko mandrafitra ilay vondrona === Raha zaraina telo fotsiny, araka ny voalazan' ny Ministeran' ny Fambolena sy ny Fiompiana ary ny Jono (''Ministère de l'Agriculture, de l'Elevage et de la Pêche'' -- MAEP, 2003), dia izao ireo vondrona ireo: * ny [[Antavaratra (tanosy)|Antavaratra]] any [[Manantenina]] (fifangaroan' ny Antanosy sy ny [[Antaisaka]]); * ireo monina amin' ny lohasaha [[Antambolo (tanosy)|Antambolo]] ao amin' ny faritra [[Ranomafana (Taolanaro)|Ranomafana]] sy [[Enaniliha]] * ny [[Antatsimo (tanosy)|Antatsimo]] mipetraka any amin' ny tapany atsimo-andrefan' Anosy, manomboka any [[Ranopiso]] ka hatrany amin' ny onin' i [[Mandrare]]. Raha zaraina dimy, dia ao: * ny Antavaratra na Tavaratra, ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Manantenina]] sy ny manodidina (atao hoe Temanantenina iireo izay monina na avy ao Manantenina fa ireo ao avaratra kokoa dia atao hoe Tavaratra); * ny [[Antambolo (tanosy)|Antambolo]] na Tambolo, ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Ranomafana (Taolanaro)|Ranomafana]] sy [[Enaniliha]]; * ny Antatsimo na Tatsimo, izay monina ao amin' ny tapany atsimo-andrefan' ny [[faritra Anosy]], avy eo [[Ranopiso]] hatrany amin' ny reniranon' i [[Mandrare]] (any [[Amboasary-Atsimo]]); * ny [[Antambato (tanosy)|Antambato]] na Tambato, monina ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Mahatalaky]] sy i [[Manafiafy]]; * ny [[Antanosy (Fanjahira)|Antanosy]] na Tanosy, ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Fanjahira]]. Fomba iray amaritana ny Antanosy koa ny fifantohana amin' ny [[Zafiraminia]] tonga teny Anosy tamin' ny taonjato faha-16, izay nandresy ny mponina izay efa nipetraka teo, ary ny tarana-mpanjakany taloha dia voafehin’ ny fasana antsoina hoe [[Enosiavaratse|Enosiavaratsy]] (Manarivo), Enosiatsimo (Andromira) ary Samby Anosy ([[Ifarantsa]]). == Tantara == === Tarana-mpanjaka zafiraminia === Tamin’ ny taonjato faha-16 dia tonga tany [[Faritra Anosy|Anosy]] ny [[Zafiraminia]] (taranak' i [[Raminia]]) ary nifindra tany amin’ ny lohasahan' i [[Efaho (ony)|Efaho]] rehefa resin' ny [[Antambahoaka]] tany avaratra. Efa tamin’ ny taonjato faha-13 tany ho any no niaina teto [[Madagasikara]] ny Zafiraminia ary nifangaro tamin' ny Malagasy,izay efa nonina teto talohany; tsy nanana andrim-pivavahana silamo izy ireo na dia nitazona ny [[Abidy arabo|soratra arabo]] sy ny fomba amam-panao ara-piaraha-monina maro. Nampiditra ny fampiasana trano hazo ny Zafiraminia, nanana [[omby]] ho mariky ny fananan-karena, ary nanangana tarana-mpanjaka naharitra 200 taona. === Ny fifandraisana tamin' ny Eorôpeana === Raha nifindra tany Anosy avy any avaratra ny Zafiraminia dia nanomboka tonga avy any atsimo ny Eorôpeana. Tamin' ny 10 aogositra 1500, ny sambo [[Pôrtogaly|pôrtogey]] - izay nisaraka tamin' ny ''[[Armadas da Índia]]'' faha-2 - no Eorôpeana voalohany nahita an' i [[Madagasikara]], tany amin' ny morontsiraka atsimo akaikin' i [[Tolagnaro|Fort-Dauphin]] ankehitriny. Nantsoin' izy ireo hoe ''Ilha de São Lourenço'' (''Saint-Laurent'' amin' ny [[Fiteny frantsay|teny frantsay]]) i Madagasikara. Nisy sambo vaky dimy, fara fahakeliny, teo amin' io morontsiraka io teo anelanelan' ny taona 1504 sy 1507, ary ny sasany tamin' ny [[Pôrtogaly|Pôrtogey]] sisa velona no nanorina ny rova ''Tranovato'', trano vato mirefy 10&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup> teo amin' ny havoana iray 9&nbsp;km any andrefan’ i Fort-Dauphin ankehitriny. Tamin' ny 4 Aogositra 1508 dia tonga nanamita iraka ara-barotra pôrtogey i [[Diogo Lopes de Sequeira]], ary nanavotra olona roa avy amin' ny sambo, izay niasa ho mpandika teny malagasy. Tamin' ny taona 1613 dia nitsidika ny rova ​​vato tao Tranovato, izay nipetrahan' ny mpanjaka teo an-toerana, [[Chambanga]], ny sambo pôrtogey nankaty Madagasikara. Nifanarahana ny fifaneken' ny fisakaizana, nosokafana ny raharaham-barotra. Nisy ny tsy fifanarahana momba ny fanerena ny mpanjaka Chambanga handefa an' i [[Drian-Ramaka]] zanany hianatra momba ny fivavahana katôlika any Goa (any [[India]]). Lasa tsy natoky i Chambanga rehefa nanomboka nitady [[volamena]] sy [[volafotsy]] ny Pôrtogey; nampiato ny raharaham-barotra izy, niezaka ny hamoana izany tany Anosy. Nitohy ny varotra rehefa nandimby an-drainy i Drian-Ramaka, ary nanaja ny [[Fivavahan-drazana malagasy|fivavahan-drazana]] fa tsy nanaiky ny [[Katôlisisma|fivavahana katôlika]]. === Fiorenam-ponenan' ny Frantsay === Tamin’ ny taona 1604 dia nanomboka nandefa sambo nankaty Madagasikara ny mpanjaka frantsay [[Henri IV (mpanjakan' i Frantsa)|Henri IV]] mba hifaninana amin' ny zanatany [[Nederlandy|hôlandey]] any amin' ny [[Golden Coast (faritra)|Golden Coast]] (na ''Costa do Ouro'' amin' ny [[Fiteny pôrtogey|teny pôrtogey]], "Morontsiraky ny Volamena") any [[Afrika]] (ampahany amin' i [[Ganà]] ankehitriny). Niorina teny [[Manafiafy]] ao Anosy ny fonenan' ny frantsay. Betsaka ny maty tamin' ny volana voalohany, angamba noho ny [[tazomoka]] sy ny fivalanan-dra [[disanteria]] tany amin’ ny faritra misy [[honahona]], ary nafindra 40&nbsp;km atsimo-andrefana mankany amin' ny [[Saikinosy|saikinosi]]<nowiki/>n' i Taolanaro ilay tanàna ary nanorenan' izy ireo ilay nantsoina tatỳ aoriana hoe [[Tolagnaro|Fort Dauphin]], [[Fanjanahantany|zanatany]] frantsay voalohany aty amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]]. Hitan' ny Frantsay ho azo atao namana i Drian-Ramaka; teo amin' ny sisin' ny tanànan' ny [[Zafiraminia]] ny toeram-ponenan' izy ireo. Nanambady vehivavy andriana zafindraminia i [[Jacques Pronis|Jacques de Pronis]], governora voalohany tao amin' ny [[Compagnie française des Indes orientales]]. Na izany aza, dia nanao izay natezitra ny voanjo i Pronis ka nafatotr' izy tamin' ny rojo vy; taorian' ny famonjena azy dia noroahina tany amin' ny nosy [[La Réunion]] ny mpikomy - na Frantsay na Malagasy. I [[Étienne de Flacourt]] no nandimby azy, ary nikatsaka ny hanangana zanatany maromaro teto Madagasikara mba hamatsiana indray ny sambo eorôpeana mandeha any amin' ny faritra [[India Atsinanana (faritra)|India Atsinanana]], hahazoana sakafo avy amin' ny Malagasy, na amin' ny alalan' ny varotra izany na an-keriny, ary ny nisy koa ny fivarotana [[Aika (zavamaniry)|aika]] (''Indigofera tinctoria'') sy [[Paraky (zavamaniry)|paraky]] ary [[fary]] hamatsiana ny fanitarana ny [[fanjanahantany]]. Nitady izay handresena an' Anosy ny governora nifandimby tao Fort-Dauphin, tamin' ny tapaky ny taonjato faha-17, tamin' ny fandrobana ny fahefan' ny mpanjaka zafiraminia, izay niray hina tamin' ny andron' i Drian Ramaka (ary tatỳ aoriana tamin' ny andron' [[Andriampanolahy]] zanany). Nisy ny hetsika miaramila maromaro izay nandroba sy nandoro tanàna, namono sy [[Fanandevozana|nanandevo]] ny Malagasy ary nangalatra [[omby]] an' aliny. Famonoana olona sy [[fanapoizinana]] ary fisamborana sy fandoroana an' i Fort-Dauphin no nasetrin' ny Malagasy izany. Tamin' ny taona 1674, taorian' ny nananganana indroa ny ''Compagnie française des Indes orientales'', noho ny tsy fahampian' ny tombom-barotra, dia nialan' ny Frantsay i Fort-Dauphin ary nilaozany koa ny zanatany. === Fitondrana tompomenakely === Nitohy ny disadisa tany Anosy taorian' ny fandroahana ny Frantsay. Rehefa nialokaloka tao Fort-Dauphin ny [[jiolahin-tsambo]] vaky sambo tamin' ny taona 1697, dia nanendry an' i [[Abraham Samuel]], izay [[safiotra]] avy any [[Martinique]], mba ho mpanjaka mpitarika azy ireo. Nitarika [[Asan-jiolahin-tsambo|jiolahin-tsambo]] tamin' hiady tsy tapaka tamin' i [[Diamarang Diamera]], mpanjaka antanosy, i Samuel, mandra-pahafatiny tamin' ny 1705. Niezaka nifehy ny tany indray ny Zafiraminia, nefa tsy nahomby; niatrika fikomiana maromaro izy ireo. Nihena ny isan' ny tanànan' ny voanjo sy ny habeny, ary nifindra tany anaty tanety izy ireo. Tonga nanarina an' i Fort-Dauphin ho toby famatsiana ilay Frantsay atao hoe [[Louis Laurent de Maudave]] tamin' ny taona 1768. Nisy mpitondra niisa 35 tao amin' ny faritr' Anosy, izay tsy nifanaraka fa niady ny ankamaroany, ary tsy nisy nitondra olona mihoatra ny 3&nbsp;000. Nanao sonia fifanarahana 30 tamin’ ny mpanjaka teo an-toerana i Louis Laurent de Maudave, nanao fifanekena tamin' ny fanomezana [[basy]] azy ireo (basy maherin' ny 10&nbsp;000 sy [[vanja]] 50 taonina no namidy). Nofoanan' ny fitondram-panjakana frantsay anefa ny ''Compagnie française des Indes orientales'' tamin' ny taona nanaraka, ary nilaozana ny toeram-pivarotan' i Maudave. Tokony ho tamin' ny fotoana niaingan' ny Frantsay dia nianjera koa ny fanjakan' ny [[Zafiraminia]], izay ravan' ny ady nanomboka tamin' ny tapaky ny tampolo 1600. Tamin' ny taona 1819 dia nosokafan' ny Frantsay indray i Fort Dauphin, rehefa avy nifampiraharaha tamin' ny lehiben' ny [[Zafiraminia]], atao hoe [[Rabefania]]. Nila ny fiarovan' ny Frantsay tamin' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]], izay nikatsaka ny hanapaka an' i Madagasikara manontolo, i Rabefania. Nanohy nanondrana omby i Fort-Dauphin, ary lasa toeram-panandevozana ihany koa sady nanao fitanehana [[toaka]]. === Fanapahan' ny Merina === Nisy miaramilan' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]], izay niisa 3&nbsp;000 hatramin' ny 4&nbsp;000, nidina ny morontsirak' Anosy ary nahafaka an' i Fort-Dauphin tamin' ny 14 Marsa 1825, ka tamin' izany no nifehy ny morontsiraka atsinanan’ i [[Madagasikara]] manontolo ny Fanjakan' Imerina. Miaramila 800 avy any Imerina mirongo basy no nifehy ny fitaterana an-dranomasina sy ny raharaham-barotra niaraka amin' ny miaramila tamin' ny tanàna hafa amorontsiraka. Nanohitra ny fomba feno habibiana nataon' ny Merina anefa ny ampahany be tamin' Anosy ka tsy nanoa fa nifehy tena, raha ny tena marina, ny mponina tany. === Adin' ny Frantsay sy ny Malagasy === Nanafika an' i [[Madagasikara]] i Frantsa tamin' ny taona 1883, mba hanoherana ny fitombon' ny herin' ny [[Britaina Lehibe|Britanika]] aty amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]]. Tany avaratr' i Madagasikara no tena nifantohan' ity fanirahana tafika voalohany teto Madagasikara ity, izay ivon' ny fahefan' Imerina. Izany no nahatonga ny Antanosy hikomy sy haka an' i [[Fort-Dauphin]], na dia nalain' ny [[Merina]] aza izany tamin' ny taona 1884. Tamin' ny taona 1885 dia nodarohan' ny sambo mpiady frantsay baomba ilay rova. Namerina namaritra ny faritra aty [[Afrika]] feheziny i [[Britaina Lehibe]] sy i [[Frantsa]]; lasa [[Prôtektôrata Frantsain' i Madagasikara|prôtektôrata frantsay i Madagasikara]]. Avy eo dia nanao fanirahana miaramila faharoa aty Madagasikara tamin’ ny taona 1894 ny Frantsay. === Zanatany frantsay === Lasa [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|zanatany frantsay]] tamin' ny fomba ôfisialy i Madagasikara tamin' ny 6 Aogositra 1896, ary ny miaramila frantsay no nifehy an' i Fort-Dauphin. Nisy tsy fandriam-pahalemana goavana tany amin' ny faritra hafa any amin' ny tapa,ny atsimon' i Madagasikara. Notarihin' ny mpanjaka antanosy [[Rabefagnatrika]], izay mpifaninana tamin' ny mpanjakan' i [[Manambaro]] atao hoe [[Rabefialy]], izay nanohana ny Frantsay, ny fanoherana tao anivon' Anosy. Resin' ny Frantsay ny faritra atsimon' i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1898, tamin' ny alalan' ny fomba fanoheram-pikomiana novolavolaina tany [[Indôsina]]. Niteraka fikomiana kely sy fanafihana, izay niafara tamin’ ny [[Fikomian' ny Malagasy tamin' ny taona 1904–1905|fikomiana faobe tamin' ny taona 1904–1905]], ny fitondrana henjana sy ny tsy firaharahana ny [[kolontsaina malagasy]]. Nitarika mpikomy nianatsimo nankany Anosy i [[Befagnatrika]], izay mpanjakan' ny Antanosy, ary tamin' ny volana Desambra 1904 dia nahafaka an' i [[Esira]] sy i [[Fort Dauphin|Fort-Dauphin]] ary i [[Manambaro]], tamin’ ny fandrobana izay niely patrana. Amin' ny ankapobeny dia nanohana ny fikomiana ny [[Prôtestantisma eto Madagasikara|Prôtestanta]], ary nisy fiangonana katôlika maromaro nodoran' ny mpikomy. Nihamafy ny fihetseham-po [[Fanindrahindram-pirenena|nasiônalista]] sy mpanohana ny fahaleovantena teto Madagasikara taorian' ny fiverenan' ny lehilahy izay noterena hanao miaramila, ny fanohizana ny [[Asa an-tery vozona|asa an-terivozona]], ary ny tsy fisian' ny fanavaozana nampanantenain' i [[Charles de Gaulle]]. Rehefa tsy nety nanohana ny dingana [[Demôkrasia|demôkratika]] mankany amin' ny fahaleovantenan' i Madagasikara ny governemanta frantsay, dia nahazo vahana ny mpitarika ny tolona ho an' ny fahaleovantena ary nanomboka ny [[Tolom-bahoaka tamin' ny 1947|fitroaran' ny Malagasy tamin' ny taona 1947–1949]]. === Repoblikan' i Madagasikara === Nahazo fahaleovan-tena tamin' ny [[fitsapan-kevi-bahoaka]] i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1958. Notoherin' ny fitroaran' ny tantsaha tany amin' ny [[Faritanin' i Toliara]] (anisan' izany [[Faritra Anosy|Anosy]]) ny fahefana ara-pôlitikan' ny fitondrana vaovao, tamin' ny taona 1971. Nitarika ho amin' ny fanangana ny [[Repoblika Demôkratika Malagasy]] tamin' ny taona 1975 ny fihetsiketsehan' ny mpianatra narahin' ny fitokonana faobe sy ny rotaka. == Fiteny == Ny ankamaroan' ny Antanosy dia mampiasa ny [[fiteny antanosy]], izay [[fitenim-paritra malagasy]], sampan' ny [[Fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana|vondrom-piteny malaiô-pôlineziana]] avy amin' ny [[fiteny baritô]] any atsimon' i [[Bôrneô]]. Miteny antanosy ihany koa ny Antanosy ao amin' ny tanàna toa an' i [[Bezaha]] sy [[Vatolatsaka]] ([[Distrikan'i Betioky-Atsimo|distrikan' i Betioky-Atsimo]]) ary any [[Bereketa]] ([[Distrikan'i Sakaraha|distrikan' i Sakaraha]]). Ity fiteny ity no fiteny malagasy nosoratana voalohany amin' ny [[abidy latina]] (vavaka kristiana amin' ny fiteny antanosy).. == Toekarena == === Jono === Mpiandriaka sy [[Jono|mpanjono]] ny Antanosy monina amorotsiraka. === Fambolena sy fiompiana === Mpamboly [[vary]] sy [[mangahazo]] sy [[Fiompiana omby|mpiompy omby]] kosa ireo izay monina an-tanety lavitra ny [[ranomasina]]. Raha ampy ny [[Rotsa-drano|rotsak' orana]], dia ny [[vary]] no vokatra voalohany amin' ny sakafo. Sakafo tena ilaina ho an’ ireo izay tsy mahavidy vary mandritra ny taona ny [[mangahazo]], anisan' izany ny ankamaroan' ny Malagasy any an-toerana. Kely ny vokatra avy amin' ny ankamaroan' ny voly, indrindra noho ny fomba fambolena mbola nentim-paharazana. Ny [[Kafe (maniry)|kafe]] (avy amin’ ny faritra [[Ranomafana]] indrindraindrindra), ny [[trongatsy mavokely]] (''Catharanthus roseus''), ny [[taretra]] (''Agave sisalana'') ary ny [[Dipoavatra (maniry)|dipoavatra]] (''Schinus'') no voly fanondrana efatra lehibe ao amin' ny faritra Anosy. === Taozavatra === [[Sary:Tanosy dwelling.jpg|vignette|Trano antanosy]] Misy koa ny mpanefy sy ny mpanamboatra trano amin' ny hazo. === Varotra === Anisan' ny fiveloman' ny olona koa ny divarotana ny vokatry ny fitrandrahany ny [[zavamaniry]] sy ny [[biby]] any an' ala ([[tantely]], [[hazo]], zavamaniry fanao [[raokandro]]). Fanao matetika mandritra ny tsena isan-kerinandro eo an-toerana ny varotra, satria monina any amin' ny tanàna ambanivohitra lavitra vitsy mponina ny ankamaroan' ny mponina<ref><small>Lyon, Linda M. (2003). ''[https://research.wsulibs.wsu.edu:8443/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2376/119/l..?sequence=1 Antanosy Odyssey II: Application of the use and knowledge of non-domesticated medicinal plants on conservation among the people of Madagascar]''. Doctoral dissertation, Washington State University.</small></ref>. == Kolontsaina == [[Sary:Man from the Antanosy tribe in Madagascar 1950. (9420075397).jpg|vignette|Lehilahy antanosy tamin' ny taona 1950]] === Ny fivavahan-drazana === Toy ny faritra maro eto [[Madagasikara]] dia maro ny Antanosy mandala ny [[Fivavahan-drazana malagasy|fivavahan-drazana]] izay iantsoana an' i [[Zanahary]] sy anajana ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]]. Mbola maro ny Kristiana ao Anosy manaja ny finoana nentim-paharazanana, indrindra ny [[Fady (malagasy)|fady]] samihafa, izay mifangaro ihany koa amin' ny [[Silamo eto Madagasikara|fanao mozilmàna]] izay niditra tao efa taonjato maro lasa. === Ny kristianisma === Tamin' ny taompolo 1610 dia nisy fiangonana naorina ho an' ny [[Zezoita]] izay natao hanombohana ny [[fitoriana ny filazantsara]]. Tsy nanaiky ny handefasana an' i [[Drian-Ramaka]] zanany lahy ho any [[Goa]] (any [[India]]) hianatra momba ny [[Katôlisisma|fivavahana katôlika]] ny mpanjaka [[Chambanga]]. Nanaja ny [[Fivavahan-drazana malagasy|fivavahan-drazana]] i Drian-Ramaka, rehefa nandimby an-drainy, fa tsy nanaiky ny fivavahana katôlika. Vokatry ny tsy fahombiazan' ny Zezoita (Malagasy iray monja no natao [[batemy]] nandritra ny herintaona) dia niala tao Anosy izy ireo tamin' ny taona 1617. Tamin' ny tapaky ny taonjato faha-17 dia notarihin' ny [[Lazarista]] (''Congrégation de la Mission'') ny asa fitoriana. Tamin’ ny taona 1869, taorian' ny fahazoan' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]] ny fanapahana an' Anosy, dia niova ho kristiana ny mpanjakavavy merina [[Ranavalona II]]. Nisy fiangonana naorina tao Fort-Dauphin ary tsy maintsy nanatrika fivavahana ny mponina tao. Ny evanjelista avy amin' ny [[London Missionary Society]] no nitarika ny fiangonana tatỳ aoriana. Taorian' ny naha lasa [[Zanatanin' i Madagasikara sy ny tany miankina|zanatany frantsay]] an' i Madagasikara dia niseho ny fikomiana goavana tany atsimon' i Madagasikara, nefa resy ny faritra atsimon' i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1898. Taorian’ ilay fikomiana dia nakaton' ny Frantsay ny sekoly loterana sy ny [[Loteranisma eto Madagasikara|fiangonana loterana]], izay noheveriny ho mpiray tsikombakomba amin' ny mpikomy. === Fombafomba amin' ny fandevenana === [[Sary:Mahafaly-tomb.jpg|vignette|Orimbato antanosy]] Manangana [[tsangambato]] na [[orimbato]] ny Antanosy mba hahatsiarovany ny havany maty, na dia efa milevina am-pasana, ka matetika amin' ny toerana malaky talaky mason' ny besinimaro no anorenana izany, toy ny toerana amoron-dalana. [[Sary:Ethnic_groups_of_Madagascar_Map.png|vignette|Ny fitsinjaran' ny vondrom-poko eto Madagasikara]] == Jereo koa == '''<big>Vahoaka eto Madagasikara</big>''' '''Ny foko eto Madagasikara''' * [[Antambahoaka]] - [[Antandroy]] - [[Antankarana]] - [[Antanosy]] - [[Antefasy]] - [[Antemoro]] - [[Antesaka]] - [[Bara]] - [[Beosy]] - [[Betsileo]] - [[Betsimisaraka]] - [[Bezanozano]] - [[Mahafaly]] - [[Makoa]] - [[Masikoro]] - [[Merina]] - [[Mikea]] - [[Sakalava]] - [[Sihanaka]] - [[Tanala]] - [[Tsimihety]] - [[Vezo]] - [[Zafimaniry]] - [[Zafisoro]]. '''Ny vahoaka hafa eto Madagasikara''' * [[Sinoa eto Madagasikara]] * [[Vazaha eto Madagasikara]] * [[Karàna]] '''Samihafa''' * [[Jiosy malagasy]] == Tahirin-kevitra == * [https://tafa-sy-dinika.jimdo.com/antanosy-bara-betsileo/ Lahatsoratra amin'ny teny frantsay mahakasika ny Antanosy, Bara ary Betsileo] * [http://gasikar-histo.e-monsite.com/pages/histoire/monarchie/royaume-antanosy/ Lahatsoratra amin'ny teny frantsay mahakasika fanjakana Antanosy] {{Wayback|url=http://gasikar-histo.e-monsite.com/pages/histoire/monarchie/royaume-antanosy/ |date=20170116142101 }} == Boky azo anovozan-kevitra == * Bradt, Hilary; Austin, Daniel (2007). ''Madagascar'' (9th ed.). Guilford, CT: The Globe Pequot Press Inc. pp. 113–115. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-84162-197-5</nowiki>. * Clément Sambo, "Destins astrologiques et liberté humaine", ''Études Océan Indien'', 16, Paris : INALCO, 1993, pp. 1-29. * Clément Sambo, "Pose les devinettes ? Les contes brefs des enfants malgaches", in : J. Koubi, dir., ''Enfance et Société d’Asie du Sud-Est'', Paris : L’Harmattan, 1994. * Clément Sambo, ''Aspects philosophiques de l’astrologie traditionnelle antanosy''. [Mémoire de maîtrise en philosophie], 1983, 170 p. CUR, Toliara, Département de Philosophie. * Clément Sambo, ''Folklore oral des enfants malgaches''. Paris : INALCO, 285 p. [« Travaux et Documents », 4], 1987. * Clément Sambo, ''Langages non conventionnels à Madagascar. Argot des jeunes et proverbes gaillards''. Paris : Karthala, 2001, 400 p. * Clément Sambo, ''Oralité et tradition des enfants malgaches''. [Thèse de Doctorat Nouveau Régime] soutenu à l’Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris. 2 volumes, 300 + 200 p. 1990. * Clément Sambo, ''Tradition et oralité à Madagascar'', Synthèse des travaux en vue de l’Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (HDR), 737 p, 2005. * Diagram Group (2013). ''Encyclopedia of African Peoples''. San Francisco, CA: Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135963415</nowiki>. * Guillaume et Alfred Grandidier, ''Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar'', vol. 5, Histoire politique et coloniale, t. 3, Histoire des populations autres que les Merina, fasc. 1, Betsileo, Betsimisaraka, Antanosy ..., Imprimerie officielle, Tananarive, 1948, 255 p. * Jean-Jacques Rabenirina, ''Le rituel mobilisateur de la circoncision (Savatsy ou cérémonie de circoncision chez les Antanosy de Soamanonga)'', Université de Bordeaux 2, 1998, 429 p. (thèse) * Ogot, Bethwell A. (1992). ''Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century''. Paris: UNESCO. <nowiki>ISBN 9789231017117</nowiki>. == Loharano sy fanamarihana == [[Sokajy:Foko ao Madagasikara]] 46z1a2kkvhguiyr31vn1ngxjsemjnrt 1091913 1091903 2024-11-22T17:13:20Z Thelezifor 15140 /* Fiorenam-ponenan' ny Frantsay */ 1091913 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:ANTANOSY.jpg|vignette|354x354px|Tanora lahy sy vavy antanosy]] [[Sary:Antanosy tomb on the road from Fort Dauphin to Amboasary.jpg|vignette|Fasana antanosy manamorona ny lalana avy any [[Tolagnaro]] mankany [[Amboasary-Atsimo|Amboasary Atsimo]]]] Ny '''Antanosy''' na '''Tanosy''' dia vondrom-poko ao amin' ny tendro atsimo-atsinanan' i [[Madagasikara]], ao amin' ny [[faritra Anosy]] izay misy an' i [[Tolagnaro]], eo anelanelan' ny renirano [[Masianaka (ony)|Masianaka]] sy ny ony [[Mandrare]] no misy azy betsaka indrindra, nefa ahitana azy koa ny tanàna toa an' i [[Bezaha]] sy [[Vatolatsaka]] (ao amin' ny [[distrikan' i Betioky-Atsimo]]) ary any [[Bereketa]] (ao amin' ny [[distrikan' i Sakaraha]]) any amin' ny [[faritra Atsimo-Andrefana]]. I Tolagnaro no tanàn-dehiben' izy ireo. Nifindra any taorian' ny nandresen' ny [[Merina]] an' Anosy. ny Antanosy mipetraka any Bezaha sy ny manodidina. Tombanana ho 360&nbsp;000 ny Antanosy tamin' ny taona 2013. == Ny maha izy azy ny Antanosy == Ao amin' ny [[Faritra Anosy]] ao atsimo-atsinanan' i Madagasikara no tena fonenan' ny Antanosy, na dia eo aza ireo izay mipetraka any [[Bezaha]] sy ny manodidina, izay nifindran' ny sasany tamin' ny Antanosy taorian' ny nandresen' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina|Merina]] an' Anosy.[[Sary:Two Antanosy ,men, 1900-1910.jpg|vignette|183x183px|Lehilahy antanosy, teo anelanelan' ny taona 1900 sy 1910.]] Tamin' ny taonjato faha-19 dia nibodo ny ampahan-tanin' ny [[Mahafaly]] sy ny an' ny [[Bara]] ny Antanosy, hatrany amin' ny ony [[Onilahy (ony)|Onilahy]] any atsimo-andrefana, noho ny fahaiza-manaony. Vokatry ny fahatongavan' ny [[Merina|tafika merina]] tany Anosy izany fifindrà-monina izany<ref><small>Ogot, Bethwell A. (1992). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century]''. Paris: UNESCO.</small></ref>. Niisa 360&nbsp;000 any ho any ny Antanosy tamin' ny taona 2013<ref><small>Diagram Group (2013). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xJQuAgAAQBAJ Encyclopedia of African Peoples]''. San Francisco, CA: Routledge. p. .</small></ref>. 2 % n' ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|vahoaka malagasy]] eo ho eo ny Antanosy, ka anisan' ny vondrom-poko madinika eto [[Madagasikara]] amin' ny isan' ny mponina sy amin' ny velaran' ny tany nonenan' ny razambeny<ref><small>Bradt, Hilary; Austin, Daniel (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vyNVb2q0RisC&pg=PA23&dq=madagascar+ethnic+group#q=madagascar%20ethnic%20group Madagascar]'' (9th ed.). Guilford, CT: The Globe Pequot Press Inc. pp. 113–115.</small></ref>.[[Sary:Antanosy warriors.jpg|vignette|282x282px|Mpiady antanosy tamin' ny taona 1908 any ho any]] == Fiarahamonina == Nifindra monina avy any avaratra tokony ho 150–200 taona lasa izay ny razamben' ny Antanosy ankehitriny. === Ny zana-poko mandrafitra ilay vondrona === Raha zaraina telo fotsiny, araka ny voalazan' ny Ministeran' ny Fambolena sy ny Fiompiana ary ny Jono (''Ministère de l'Agriculture, de l'Elevage et de la Pêche'' -- MAEP, 2003), dia izao ireo vondrona ireo: * ny [[Antavaratra (tanosy)|Antavaratra]] any [[Manantenina]] (fifangaroan' ny Antanosy sy ny [[Antaisaka]]); * ireo monina amin' ny lohasaha [[Antambolo (tanosy)|Antambolo]] ao amin' ny faritra [[Ranomafana (Taolanaro)|Ranomafana]] sy [[Enaniliha]] * ny [[Antatsimo (tanosy)|Antatsimo]] mipetraka any amin' ny tapany atsimo-andrefan' Anosy, manomboka any [[Ranopiso]] ka hatrany amin' ny onin' i [[Mandrare]]. Raha zaraina dimy, dia ao: * ny Antavaratra na Tavaratra, ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Manantenina]] sy ny manodidina (atao hoe Temanantenina iireo izay monina na avy ao Manantenina fa ireo ao avaratra kokoa dia atao hoe Tavaratra); * ny [[Antambolo (tanosy)|Antambolo]] na Tambolo, ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Ranomafana (Taolanaro)|Ranomafana]] sy [[Enaniliha]]; * ny Antatsimo na Tatsimo, izay monina ao amin' ny tapany atsimo-andrefan' ny [[faritra Anosy]], avy eo [[Ranopiso]] hatrany amin' ny reniranon' i [[Mandrare]] (any [[Amboasary-Atsimo]]); * ny [[Antambato (tanosy)|Antambato]] na Tambato, monina ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Mahatalaky]] sy i [[Manafiafy]]; * ny [[Antanosy (Fanjahira)|Antanosy]] na Tanosy, ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Fanjahira]]. Fomba iray amaritana ny Antanosy koa ny fifantohana amin' ny [[Zafiraminia]] tonga teny Anosy tamin' ny taonjato faha-16, izay nandresy ny mponina izay efa nipetraka teo, ary ny tarana-mpanjakany taloha dia voafehin’ ny fasana antsoina hoe [[Enosiavaratse|Enosiavaratsy]] (Manarivo), Enosiatsimo (Andromira) ary Samby Anosy ([[Ifarantsa]]). == Tantara == === Tarana-mpanjaka zafiraminia === Tamin’ ny taonjato faha-16 dia tonga tany [[Faritra Anosy|Anosy]] ny [[Zafiraminia]] (taranak' i [[Raminia]]) ary nifindra tany amin’ ny lohasahan' i [[Efaho (ony)|Efaho]] rehefa resin' ny [[Antambahoaka]] tany avaratra. Efa tamin’ ny taonjato faha-13 tany ho any no niaina teto [[Madagasikara]] ny Zafiraminia ary nifangaro tamin' ny Malagasy,izay efa nonina teto talohany; tsy nanana andrim-pivavahana silamo izy ireo na dia nitazona ny [[Abidy arabo|soratra arabo]] sy ny fomba amam-panao ara-piaraha-monina maro. Nampiditra ny fampiasana trano hazo ny Zafiraminia, nanana [[omby]] ho mariky ny fananan-karena, ary nanangana tarana-mpanjaka naharitra 200 taona. === Ny fifandraisana tamin' ny Eorôpeana === Raha nifindra tany Anosy avy any avaratra ny Zafiraminia dia nanomboka tonga avy any atsimo ny Eorôpeana. Tamin' ny 10 aogositra 1500, ny sambo [[Pôrtogaly|pôrtogey]] - izay nisaraka tamin' ny ''[[Armadas da Índia]]'' faha-2 - no Eorôpeana voalohany nahita an' i [[Madagasikara]], tany amin' ny morontsiraka atsimo akaikin' i [[Tolagnaro|Fort-Dauphin]] ankehitriny. Nantsoin' izy ireo hoe ''Ilha de São Lourenço'' (''Saint-Laurent'' amin' ny [[Fiteny frantsay|teny frantsay]]) i Madagasikara. Nisy sambo vaky dimy, fara fahakeliny, teo amin' io morontsiraka io teo anelanelan' ny taona 1504 sy 1507, ary ny sasany tamin' ny [[Pôrtogaly|Pôrtogey]] sisa velona no nanorina ny rova ''Tranovato'', trano vato mirefy 10&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup> teo amin' ny havoana iray 9&nbsp;km any andrefan’ i Fort-Dauphin ankehitriny. Tamin' ny 4 Aogositra 1508 dia tonga nanamita iraka ara-barotra pôrtogey i [[Diogo Lopes de Sequeira]], ary nanavotra olona roa avy amin' ny sambo, izay niasa ho mpandika teny malagasy. Tamin' ny taona 1613 dia nitsidika ny rova ​​vato tao Tranovato, izay nipetrahan' ny mpanjaka teo an-toerana, [[Chambanga]], ny sambo pôrtogey nankaty Madagasikara. Nifanarahana ny fifaneken' ny fisakaizana, nosokafana ny raharaham-barotra. Nisy ny tsy fifanarahana momba ny fanerena ny mpanjaka Chambanga handefa an' i [[Drian-Ramaka]] zanany hianatra momba ny fivavahana katôlika any Goa (any [[India]]). Lasa tsy natoky i Chambanga rehefa nanomboka nitady [[volamena]] sy [[volafotsy]] ny Pôrtogey; nampiato ny raharaham-barotra izy, niezaka ny hamoana izany tany Anosy. Nitohy ny varotra rehefa nandimby an-drainy i Drian-Ramaka, ary nanaja ny [[Fivavahan-drazana malagasy|fivavahan-drazana]] fa tsy nanaiky ny [[Katôlisisma|fivavahana katôlika]]. === Fiorenam-ponenan' ny Frantsay === Tamin’ ny taona 1604 dia nanomboka nandefa sambo nankaty Madagasikara ny mpanjaka frantsay [[Henri IV (mpanjakan' i Frantsa)|Henri IV]] mba hifaninana amin' ny [[zanatany hôlandey]] any amin' ny [[Golden Coast (faritra)|Golden Coast]] (na ''Costa do Ouro'' amin' ny [[Fiteny pôrtogey|teny pôrtogey]], "Morontsiraky ny Volamena") any [[Afrika]] (ampahany amin' i [[Ganà]] ankehitriny). Niorina teny [[Manafiafy]] ao Anosy ny fonenan' ny frantsay. Betsaka ny maty tamin' ny volana voalohany, angamba noho ny [[tazomoka]] sy ny fivalanan-dra [[disanteria]] tany amin’ ny faritra misy [[honahona]], ary nafindra 40&nbsp;km atsimo-andrefana mankany amin' ny [[Saikinosy|saikinosi]]<nowiki/>n' i Taolanaro ilay tanàna ary nanorenan' izy ireo ilay nantsoina tatỳ aoriana hoe [[Tolagnaro|Fort Dauphin]], [[Fanjanahantany|zanatany]] frantsay voalohany aty amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]]. Hitan' ny Frantsay ho azo atao namana i Drian-Ramaka; teo amin' ny sisin' ny tanànan' ny [[Zafiraminia]] ny toeram-ponenan' izy ireo. Nanambady vehivavy andriana zafindraminia i [[Jacques Pronis|Jacques de Pronis]], governora voalohany tao amin' ny [[Compagnie française des Indes orientales]]. Na izany aza, dia nanao izay natezitra ny voanjo i Pronis ka nafatotr' izy tamin' ny rojo vy; taorian' ny famonjena azy dia noroahina tany amin' ny nosy [[La Réunion]] ny mpikomy - na Frantsay na Malagasy. I [[Étienne de Flacourt]] no nandimby azy, ary nikatsaka ny hanangana zanatany maromaro teto Madagasikara mba hamatsiana indray ny sambo eorôpeana mandeha any amin' ny faritra [[India Atsinanana (faritra)|India Atsinanana]], hahazoana sakafo avy amin' ny Malagasy, na amin' ny alalan' ny varotra izany na an-keriny, ary ny nisy koa ny fivarotana [[Aika (zavamaniry)|aika]] (''Indigofera tinctoria'') sy [[Paraky (zavamaniry)|paraky]] ary [[fary]] hamatsiana ny fanitarana ny [[fanjanahantany]]. Nitady izay handresena an' Anosy ny governora nifandimby tao Fort-Dauphin, tamin' ny tapaky ny taonjato faha-17, tamin' ny fandrobana ny fahefan' ny mpanjaka zafiraminia, izay niray hina tamin' ny andron' i Drian Ramaka (ary tatỳ aoriana tamin' ny andron' [[Andriampanolahy]] zanany). Nisy ny hetsika miaramila maromaro izay nandroba sy nandoro tanàna, namono sy [[Fanandevozana|nanandevo]] ny Malagasy ary nangalatra [[omby]] an' aliny. Famonoana olona sy [[fanapoizinana]] ary fisamborana sy fandoroana an' i Fort-Dauphin no nasetrin' ny Malagasy izany. Tamin' ny taona 1674, taorian' ny nananganana indroa ny ''Compagnie française des Indes orientales'', noho ny tsy fahampian' ny tombom-barotra, dia nialan' ny Frantsay i Fort-Dauphin ary nilaozany koa ny zanatany. === Fitondrana tompomenakely === Nitohy ny disadisa tany Anosy taorian' ny fandroahana ny Frantsay. Rehefa nialokaloka tao Fort-Dauphin ny [[jiolahin-tsambo]] vaky sambo tamin' ny taona 1697, dia nanendry an' i [[Abraham Samuel]], izay [[safiotra]] avy any [[Martinique]], mba ho mpanjaka mpitarika azy ireo. Nitarika [[Asan-jiolahin-tsambo|jiolahin-tsambo]] tamin' hiady tsy tapaka tamin' i [[Diamarang Diamera]], mpanjaka antanosy, i Samuel, mandra-pahafatiny tamin' ny 1705. Niezaka nifehy ny tany indray ny Zafiraminia, nefa tsy nahomby; niatrika fikomiana maromaro izy ireo. Nihena ny isan' ny tanànan' ny voanjo sy ny habeny, ary nifindra tany anaty tanety izy ireo. Tonga nanarina an' i Fort-Dauphin ho toby famatsiana ilay Frantsay atao hoe [[Louis Laurent de Maudave]] tamin' ny taona 1768. Nisy mpitondra niisa 35 tao amin' ny faritr' Anosy, izay tsy nifanaraka fa niady ny ankamaroany, ary tsy nisy nitondra olona mihoatra ny 3&nbsp;000. Nanao sonia fifanarahana 30 tamin’ ny mpanjaka teo an-toerana i Louis Laurent de Maudave, nanao fifanekena tamin' ny fanomezana [[basy]] azy ireo (basy maherin' ny 10&nbsp;000 sy [[vanja]] 50 taonina no namidy). Nofoanan' ny fitondram-panjakana frantsay anefa ny ''Compagnie française des Indes orientales'' tamin' ny taona nanaraka, ary nilaozana ny toeram-pivarotan' i Maudave. Tokony ho tamin' ny fotoana niaingan' ny Frantsay dia nianjera koa ny fanjakan' ny [[Zafiraminia]], izay ravan' ny ady nanomboka tamin' ny tapaky ny tampolo 1600. Tamin' ny taona 1819 dia nosokafan' ny Frantsay indray i Fort Dauphin, rehefa avy nifampiraharaha tamin' ny lehiben' ny [[Zafiraminia]], atao hoe [[Rabefania]]. Nila ny fiarovan' ny Frantsay tamin' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]], izay nikatsaka ny hanapaka an' i Madagasikara manontolo, i Rabefania. Nanohy nanondrana omby i Fort-Dauphin, ary lasa toeram-panandevozana ihany koa sady nanao fitanehana [[toaka]]. === Fanapahan' ny Merina === Nisy miaramilan' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]], izay niisa 3&nbsp;000 hatramin' ny 4&nbsp;000, nidina ny morontsirak' Anosy ary nahafaka an' i Fort-Dauphin tamin' ny 14 Marsa 1825, ka tamin' izany no nifehy ny morontsiraka atsinanan’ i [[Madagasikara]] manontolo ny Fanjakan' Imerina. Miaramila 800 avy any Imerina mirongo basy no nifehy ny fitaterana an-dranomasina sy ny raharaham-barotra niaraka amin' ny miaramila tamin' ny tanàna hafa amorontsiraka. Nanohitra ny fomba feno habibiana nataon' ny Merina anefa ny ampahany be tamin' Anosy ka tsy nanoa fa nifehy tena, raha ny tena marina, ny mponina tany. === Adin' ny Frantsay sy ny Malagasy === Nanafika an' i [[Madagasikara]] i Frantsa tamin' ny taona 1883, mba hanoherana ny fitombon' ny herin' ny [[Britaina Lehibe|Britanika]] aty amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]]. Tany avaratr' i Madagasikara no tena nifantohan' ity fanirahana tafika voalohany teto Madagasikara ity, izay ivon' ny fahefan' Imerina. Izany no nahatonga ny Antanosy hikomy sy haka an' i [[Fort-Dauphin]], na dia nalain' ny [[Merina]] aza izany tamin' ny taona 1884. Tamin' ny taona 1885 dia nodarohan' ny sambo mpiady frantsay baomba ilay rova. Namerina namaritra ny faritra aty [[Afrika]] feheziny i [[Britaina Lehibe]] sy i [[Frantsa]]; lasa [[Prôtektôrata Frantsain' i Madagasikara|prôtektôrata frantsay i Madagasikara]]. Avy eo dia nanao fanirahana miaramila faharoa aty Madagasikara tamin’ ny taona 1894 ny Frantsay. === Zanatany frantsay === Lasa [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|zanatany frantsay]] tamin' ny fomba ôfisialy i Madagasikara tamin' ny 6 Aogositra 1896, ary ny miaramila frantsay no nifehy an' i Fort-Dauphin. Nisy tsy fandriam-pahalemana goavana tany amin' ny faritra hafa any amin' ny tapa,ny atsimon' i Madagasikara. Notarihin' ny mpanjaka antanosy [[Rabefagnatrika]], izay mpifaninana tamin' ny mpanjakan' i [[Manambaro]] atao hoe [[Rabefialy]], izay nanohana ny Frantsay, ny fanoherana tao anivon' Anosy. Resin' ny Frantsay ny faritra atsimon' i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1898, tamin' ny alalan' ny fomba fanoheram-pikomiana novolavolaina tany [[Indôsina]]. Niteraka fikomiana kely sy fanafihana, izay niafara tamin’ ny [[Fikomian' ny Malagasy tamin' ny taona 1904–1905|fikomiana faobe tamin' ny taona 1904–1905]], ny fitondrana henjana sy ny tsy firaharahana ny [[kolontsaina malagasy]]. Nitarika mpikomy nianatsimo nankany Anosy i [[Befagnatrika]], izay mpanjakan' ny Antanosy, ary tamin' ny volana Desambra 1904 dia nahafaka an' i [[Esira]] sy i [[Fort Dauphin|Fort-Dauphin]] ary i [[Manambaro]], tamin’ ny fandrobana izay niely patrana. Amin' ny ankapobeny dia nanohana ny fikomiana ny [[Prôtestantisma eto Madagasikara|Prôtestanta]], ary nisy fiangonana katôlika maromaro nodoran' ny mpikomy. Nihamafy ny fihetseham-po [[Fanindrahindram-pirenena|nasiônalista]] sy mpanohana ny fahaleovantena teto Madagasikara taorian' ny fiverenan' ny lehilahy izay noterena hanao miaramila, ny fanohizana ny [[Asa an-tery vozona|asa an-terivozona]], ary ny tsy fisian' ny fanavaozana nampanantenain' i [[Charles de Gaulle]]. Rehefa tsy nety nanohana ny dingana [[Demôkrasia|demôkratika]] mankany amin' ny fahaleovantenan' i Madagasikara ny governemanta frantsay, dia nahazo vahana ny mpitarika ny tolona ho an' ny fahaleovantena ary nanomboka ny [[Tolom-bahoaka tamin' ny 1947|fitroaran' ny Malagasy tamin' ny taona 1947–1949]]. === Repoblikan' i Madagasikara === Nahazo fahaleovan-tena tamin' ny [[fitsapan-kevi-bahoaka]] i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1958. Notoherin' ny fitroaran' ny tantsaha tany amin' ny [[Faritanin' i Toliara]] (anisan' izany [[Faritra Anosy|Anosy]]) ny fahefana ara-pôlitikan' ny fitondrana vaovao, tamin' ny taona 1971. Nitarika ho amin' ny fanangana ny [[Repoblika Demôkratika Malagasy]] tamin' ny taona 1975 ny fihetsiketsehan' ny mpianatra narahin' ny fitokonana faobe sy ny rotaka. == Fiteny == Ny ankamaroan' ny Antanosy dia mampiasa ny [[fiteny antanosy]], izay [[fitenim-paritra malagasy]], sampan' ny [[Fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana|vondrom-piteny malaiô-pôlineziana]] avy amin' ny [[fiteny baritô]] any atsimon' i [[Bôrneô]]. Miteny antanosy ihany koa ny Antanosy ao amin' ny tanàna toa an' i [[Bezaha]] sy [[Vatolatsaka]] ([[Distrikan'i Betioky-Atsimo|distrikan' i Betioky-Atsimo]]) ary any [[Bereketa]] ([[Distrikan'i Sakaraha|distrikan' i Sakaraha]]). Ity fiteny ity no fiteny malagasy nosoratana voalohany amin' ny [[abidy latina]] (vavaka kristiana amin' ny fiteny antanosy).. == Toekarena == === Jono === Mpiandriaka sy [[Jono|mpanjono]] ny Antanosy monina amorotsiraka. === Fambolena sy fiompiana === Mpamboly [[vary]] sy [[mangahazo]] sy [[Fiompiana omby|mpiompy omby]] kosa ireo izay monina an-tanety lavitra ny [[ranomasina]]. Raha ampy ny [[Rotsa-drano|rotsak' orana]], dia ny [[vary]] no vokatra voalohany amin' ny sakafo. Sakafo tena ilaina ho an’ ireo izay tsy mahavidy vary mandritra ny taona ny [[mangahazo]], anisan' izany ny ankamaroan' ny Malagasy any an-toerana. Kely ny vokatra avy amin' ny ankamaroan' ny voly, indrindra noho ny fomba fambolena mbola nentim-paharazana. Ny [[Kafe (maniry)|kafe]] (avy amin’ ny faritra [[Ranomafana]] indrindraindrindra), ny [[trongatsy mavokely]] (''Catharanthus roseus''), ny [[taretra]] (''Agave sisalana'') ary ny [[Dipoavatra (maniry)|dipoavatra]] (''Schinus'') no voly fanondrana efatra lehibe ao amin' ny faritra Anosy. === Taozavatra === [[Sary:Tanosy dwelling.jpg|vignette|Trano antanosy]] Misy koa ny mpanefy sy ny mpanamboatra trano amin' ny hazo. === Varotra === Anisan' ny fiveloman' ny olona koa ny divarotana ny vokatry ny fitrandrahany ny [[zavamaniry]] sy ny [[biby]] any an' ala ([[tantely]], [[hazo]], zavamaniry fanao [[raokandro]]). Fanao matetika mandritra ny tsena isan-kerinandro eo an-toerana ny varotra, satria monina any amin' ny tanàna ambanivohitra lavitra vitsy mponina ny ankamaroan' ny mponina<ref><small>Lyon, Linda M. (2003). ''[https://research.wsulibs.wsu.edu:8443/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2376/119/l..?sequence=1 Antanosy Odyssey II: Application of the use and knowledge of non-domesticated medicinal plants on conservation among the people of Madagascar]''. Doctoral dissertation, Washington State University.</small></ref>. == Kolontsaina == [[Sary:Man from the Antanosy tribe in Madagascar 1950. (9420075397).jpg|vignette|Lehilahy antanosy tamin' ny taona 1950]] === Ny fivavahan-drazana === Toy ny faritra maro eto [[Madagasikara]] dia maro ny Antanosy mandala ny [[Fivavahan-drazana malagasy|fivavahan-drazana]] izay iantsoana an' i [[Zanahary]] sy anajana ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]]. Mbola maro ny Kristiana ao Anosy manaja ny finoana nentim-paharazanana, indrindra ny [[Fady (malagasy)|fady]] samihafa, izay mifangaro ihany koa amin' ny [[Silamo eto Madagasikara|fanao mozilmàna]] izay niditra tao efa taonjato maro lasa. === Ny kristianisma === Tamin' ny taompolo 1610 dia nisy fiangonana naorina ho an' ny [[Zezoita]] izay natao hanombohana ny [[fitoriana ny filazantsara]]. Tsy nanaiky ny handefasana an' i [[Drian-Ramaka]] zanany lahy ho any [[Goa]] (any [[India]]) hianatra momba ny [[Katôlisisma|fivavahana katôlika]] ny mpanjaka [[Chambanga]]. Nanaja ny [[Fivavahan-drazana malagasy|fivavahan-drazana]] i Drian-Ramaka, rehefa nandimby an-drainy, fa tsy nanaiky ny fivavahana katôlika. Vokatry ny tsy fahombiazan' ny Zezoita (Malagasy iray monja no natao [[batemy]] nandritra ny herintaona) dia niala tao Anosy izy ireo tamin' ny taona 1617. Tamin' ny tapaky ny taonjato faha-17 dia notarihin' ny [[Lazarista]] (''Congrégation de la Mission'') ny asa fitoriana. Tamin’ ny taona 1869, taorian' ny fahazoan' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]] ny fanapahana an' Anosy, dia niova ho kristiana ny mpanjakavavy merina [[Ranavalona II]]. Nisy fiangonana naorina tao Fort-Dauphin ary tsy maintsy nanatrika fivavahana ny mponina tao. Ny evanjelista avy amin' ny [[London Missionary Society]] no nitarika ny fiangonana tatỳ aoriana. Taorian' ny naha lasa [[Zanatanin' i Madagasikara sy ny tany miankina|zanatany frantsay]] an' i Madagasikara dia niseho ny fikomiana goavana tany atsimon' i Madagasikara, nefa resy ny faritra atsimon' i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1898. Taorian’ ilay fikomiana dia nakaton' ny Frantsay ny sekoly loterana sy ny [[Loteranisma eto Madagasikara|fiangonana loterana]], izay noheveriny ho mpiray tsikombakomba amin' ny mpikomy. === Fombafomba amin' ny fandevenana === [[Sary:Mahafaly-tomb.jpg|vignette|Orimbato antanosy]] Manangana [[tsangambato]] na [[orimbato]] ny Antanosy mba hahatsiarovany ny havany maty, na dia efa milevina am-pasana, ka matetika amin' ny toerana malaky talaky mason' ny besinimaro no anorenana izany, toy ny toerana amoron-dalana. [[Sary:Ethnic_groups_of_Madagascar_Map.png|vignette|Ny fitsinjaran' ny vondrom-poko eto Madagasikara]] == Jereo koa == '''<big>Vahoaka eto Madagasikara</big>''' '''Ny foko eto Madagasikara''' * [[Antambahoaka]] - [[Antandroy]] - [[Antankarana]] - [[Antanosy]] - [[Antefasy]] - [[Antemoro]] - [[Antesaka]] - [[Bara]] - [[Beosy]] - [[Betsileo]] - [[Betsimisaraka]] - [[Bezanozano]] - [[Mahafaly]] - [[Makoa]] - [[Masikoro]] - [[Merina]] - [[Mikea]] - [[Sakalava]] - [[Sihanaka]] - [[Tanala]] - [[Tsimihety]] - [[Vezo]] - [[Zafimaniry]] - [[Zafisoro]]. '''Ny vahoaka hafa eto Madagasikara''' * [[Sinoa eto Madagasikara]] * [[Vazaha eto Madagasikara]] * [[Karàna]] '''Samihafa''' * [[Jiosy malagasy]] == Tahirin-kevitra == * [https://tafa-sy-dinika.jimdo.com/antanosy-bara-betsileo/ Lahatsoratra amin'ny teny frantsay mahakasika ny Antanosy, Bara ary Betsileo] * [http://gasikar-histo.e-monsite.com/pages/histoire/monarchie/royaume-antanosy/ Lahatsoratra amin'ny teny frantsay mahakasika fanjakana Antanosy] {{Wayback|url=http://gasikar-histo.e-monsite.com/pages/histoire/monarchie/royaume-antanosy/ |date=20170116142101 }} == Boky azo anovozan-kevitra == * Bradt, Hilary; Austin, Daniel (2007). ''Madagascar'' (9th ed.). Guilford, CT: The Globe Pequot Press Inc. pp. 113–115. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-84162-197-5</nowiki>. * Clément Sambo, "Destins astrologiques et liberté humaine", ''Études Océan Indien'', 16, Paris : INALCO, 1993, pp. 1-29. * Clément Sambo, "Pose les devinettes ? Les contes brefs des enfants malgaches", in : J. Koubi, dir., ''Enfance et Société d’Asie du Sud-Est'', Paris : L’Harmattan, 1994. * Clément Sambo, ''Aspects philosophiques de l’astrologie traditionnelle antanosy''. [Mémoire de maîtrise en philosophie], 1983, 170 p. CUR, Toliara, Département de Philosophie. * Clément Sambo, ''Folklore oral des enfants malgaches''. Paris : INALCO, 285 p. [« Travaux et Documents », 4], 1987. * Clément Sambo, ''Langages non conventionnels à Madagascar. Argot des jeunes et proverbes gaillards''. Paris : Karthala, 2001, 400 p. * Clément Sambo, ''Oralité et tradition des enfants malgaches''. [Thèse de Doctorat Nouveau Régime] soutenu à l’Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris. 2 volumes, 300 + 200 p. 1990. * Clément Sambo, ''Tradition et oralité à Madagascar'', Synthèse des travaux en vue de l’Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (HDR), 737 p, 2005. * Diagram Group (2013). ''Encyclopedia of African Peoples''. San Francisco, CA: Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135963415</nowiki>. * Guillaume et Alfred Grandidier, ''Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar'', vol. 5, Histoire politique et coloniale, t. 3, Histoire des populations autres que les Merina, fasc. 1, Betsileo, Betsimisaraka, Antanosy ..., Imprimerie officielle, Tananarive, 1948, 255 p. * Jean-Jacques Rabenirina, ''Le rituel mobilisateur de la circoncision (Savatsy ou cérémonie de circoncision chez les Antanosy de Soamanonga)'', Université de Bordeaux 2, 1998, 429 p. (thèse) * Ogot, Bethwell A. (1992). ''Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century''. Paris: UNESCO. <nowiki>ISBN 9789231017117</nowiki>. == Loharano sy fanamarihana == [[Sokajy:Foko ao Madagasikara]] dwkibr7x68jw9jxqo86f4q09yypeegk 1091919 1091913 2024-11-23T04:57:42Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanitsy rohy 1091919 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:ANTANOSY.jpg|vignette|354x354px|Tanora lahy sy vavy antanosy]] [[Sary:Antanosy tomb on the road from Fort Dauphin to Amboasary.jpg|vignette|Fasana antanosy manamorona ny lalana avy any [[Tolagnaro]] mankany [[Amboasary-Atsimo|Amboasary Atsimo]]]] Ny '''Antanosy''' na '''Tanosy''' dia vondrom-poko ao amin' ny tendro atsimo-atsinanan' i [[Madagasikara]], ao amin' ny [[faritra Anosy]] izay misy an' i [[Tolagnaro]], eo anelanelan' ny renirano [[Masianaka (ony)|Masianaka]] sy ny ony [[Mandrare]] no misy azy betsaka indrindra, nefa ahitana azy koa ny tanàna toa an' i [[Bezaha]] sy [[Vatolatsaka]] (ao amin' ny [[distrikan' i Betioky-Atsimo]]) ary any [[Bereketa]] (ao amin' ny [[distrikan' i Sakaraha]]) any amin' ny [[faritra Atsimo-Andrefana]]. I Tolagnaro no tanàn-dehiben' izy ireo. Nifindra any taorian' ny nandresen' ny [[Merina]] an' Anosy. ny Antanosy mipetraka any Bezaha sy ny manodidina. Tombanana ho 360&nbsp;000 ny Antanosy tamin' ny taona 2013. == Ny maha izy azy ny Antanosy == Ao amin' ny [[Faritra Anosy]] ao atsimo-atsinanan' i Madagasikara no tena fonenan' ny Antanosy, na dia eo aza ireo izay mipetraka any [[Bezaha]] sy ny manodidina, izay nifindran' ny sasany tamin' ny Antanosy taorian' ny nandresen' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina|Merina]] an' Anosy.[[Sary:Two Antanosy ,men, 1900-1910.jpg|vignette|183x183px|Lehilahy antanosy, teo anelanelan' ny taona 1900 sy 1910.]] Tamin' ny taonjato faha-19 dia nibodo ny ampahan-tanin' ny [[Mahafaly]] sy ny an' ny [[Bara]] ny Antanosy, hatrany amin' ny ony [[Onilahy (ony)|Onilahy]] any atsimo-andrefana, noho ny fahaiza-manaony. Vokatry ny fahatongavan' ny [[Merina|tafika merina]] tany Anosy izany fifindrà-monina izany<ref><small>Ogot, Bethwell A. (1992). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century]''. Paris: UNESCO.</small></ref>. Niisa 360&nbsp;000 any ho any ny Antanosy tamin' ny taona 2013<ref><small>Diagram Group (2013). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xJQuAgAAQBAJ Encyclopedia of African Peoples]''. San Francisco, CA: Routledge. p. .</small></ref>. 2 % n' ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|vahoaka malagasy]] eo ho eo ny Antanosy, ka anisan' ny vondrom-poko madinika eto [[Madagasikara]] amin' ny isan' ny mponina sy amin' ny velaran' ny tany nonenan' ny razambeny<ref><small>Bradt, Hilary; Austin, Daniel (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vyNVb2q0RisC&pg=PA23&dq=madagascar+ethnic+group#q=madagascar%20ethnic%20group Madagascar]'' (9th ed.). Guilford, CT: The Globe Pequot Press Inc. pp. 113–115.</small></ref>.[[Sary:Antanosy warriors.jpg|vignette|282x282px|Mpiady antanosy tamin' ny taona 1908 any ho any]] == Fiarahamonina == Nifindra monina avy any avaratra tokony ho 150–200 taona lasa izay ny razamben' ny Antanosy ankehitriny. === Ny zana-poko mandrafitra ilay vondrona === Raha zaraina telo fotsiny, araka ny voalazan' ny Ministeran' ny Fambolena sy ny Fiompiana ary ny Jono (''Ministère de l'Agriculture, de l'Elevage et de la Pêche'' -- MAEP, 2003), dia izao ireo vondrona ireo: * ny [[Antavaratra (tanosy)|Antavaratra]] any [[Manantenina]] (fifangaroan' ny Antanosy sy ny [[Antaisaka]]); * ireo monina amin' ny lohasaha [[Antambolo (tanosy)|Antambolo]] ao amin' ny faritra [[Ranomafana (Taolanaro)|Ranomafana]] sy [[Enaniliha]] * ny [[Antatsimo (tanosy)|Antatsimo]] mipetraka any amin' ny tapany atsimo-andrefan' Anosy, manomboka any [[Ranopiso]] ka hatrany amin' ny onin' i [[Mandrare]]. Raha zaraina dimy, dia ao: * ny Antavaratra na Tavaratra, ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Manantenina]] sy ny manodidina (atao hoe Temanantenina iireo izay monina na avy ao Manantenina fa ireo ao avaratra kokoa dia atao hoe Tavaratra); * ny [[Antambolo (tanosy)|Antambolo]] na Tambolo, ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Ranomafana (Tolagnaro)|Ranomafana]] sy [[Enaniliha]]; * ny Antatsimo na Tatsimo, izay monina ao amin' ny tapany atsimo-andrefan' ny [[faritra Anosy]], avy eo [[Ranopiso]] hatrany amin' ny reniranon' i [[Mandrare]] (any [[Amboasary-Atsimo]]); * ny [[Antambato (tanosy)|Antambato]] na Tambato, monina ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Mahatalaky]] sy i [[Manafiafy]]; * ny [[Antanosy (Fanjahira)|Antanosy]] na Tanosy, ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Fanjahira]]. Fomba iray amaritana ny Antanosy koa ny fifantohana amin' ny [[Zafiraminia]] tonga teny Anosy tamin' ny taonjato faha-16, izay nandresy ny mponina izay efa nipetraka teo, ary ny tarana-mpanjakany taloha dia voafehin’ ny fasana antsoina hoe [[Enosiavaratse|Enosiavaratsy]] (Manarivo), Enosiatsimo (Andromira) ary Samby Anosy ([[Ifarantsa]]). == Tantara == === Tarana-mpanjaka zafiraminia === Tamin’ ny taonjato faha-16 dia tonga tany [[Faritra Anosy|Anosy]] ny [[Zafiraminia]] (taranak' i [[Raminia]]) ary nifindra tany amin’ ny lohasahan' i [[Efaho (ony)|Efaho]] rehefa resin' ny [[Antambahoaka]] tany avaratra. Efa tamin’ ny taonjato faha-13 tany ho any no niaina teto [[Madagasikara]] ny Zafiraminia ary nifangaro tamin' ny Malagasy,izay efa nonina teto talohany; tsy nanana andrim-pivavahana silamo izy ireo na dia nitazona ny [[Abidy arabo|soratra arabo]] sy ny fomba amam-panao ara-piaraha-monina maro. Nampiditra ny fampiasana trano hazo ny Zafiraminia, nanana [[omby]] ho mariky ny fananan-karena, ary nanangana tarana-mpanjaka naharitra 200 taona. === Ny fifandraisana tamin' ny Eorôpeana === Raha nifindra tany Anosy avy any avaratra ny Zafiraminia dia nanomboka tonga avy any atsimo ny Eorôpeana. Tamin' ny 10 aogositra 1500, ny sambo [[Pôrtogaly|pôrtogey]] - izay nisaraka tamin' ny ''[[Armadas da Índia]]'' faha-2 - no Eorôpeana voalohany nahita an' i [[Madagasikara]], tany amin' ny morontsiraka atsimo akaikin' i [[Tolagnaro|Fort-Dauphin]] ankehitriny. Nantsoin' izy ireo hoe ''Ilha de São Lourenço'' (''Saint-Laurent'' amin' ny [[Fiteny frantsay|teny frantsay]]) i Madagasikara. Nisy sambo vaky dimy, fara fahakeliny, teo amin' io morontsiraka io teo anelanelan' ny taona 1504 sy 1507, ary ny sasany tamin' ny [[Pôrtogaly|Pôrtogey]] sisa velona no nanorina ny rova ''Tranovato'', trano vato mirefy 10&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup> teo amin' ny havoana iray 9&nbsp;km any andrefan’ i Fort-Dauphin ankehitriny. Tamin' ny 4 Aogositra 1508 dia tonga nanamita iraka ara-barotra pôrtogey i [[Diogo Lopes de Sequeira]], ary nanavotra olona roa avy amin' ny sambo, izay niasa ho mpandika teny malagasy. Tamin' ny taona 1613 dia nitsidika ny rova ​​vato tao Tranovato, izay nipetrahan' ny mpanjaka teo an-toerana, [[Chambanga]], ny sambo pôrtogey nankaty Madagasikara. Nifanarahana ny fifaneken' ny fisakaizana, nosokafana ny raharaham-barotra. Nisy ny tsy fifanarahana momba ny fanerena ny mpanjaka Chambanga handefa an' i [[Drian-Ramaka]] zanany hianatra momba ny fivavahana katôlika any Goa (any [[India]]). Lasa tsy natoky i Chambanga rehefa nanomboka nitady [[volamena]] sy [[volafotsy]] ny Pôrtogey; nampiato ny raharaham-barotra izy, niezaka ny hamoana izany tany Anosy. Nitohy ny varotra rehefa nandimby an-drainy i Drian-Ramaka, ary nanaja ny [[Fivavahan-drazana malagasy|fivavahan-drazana]] fa tsy nanaiky ny [[Katôlisisma|fivavahana katôlika]]. === Fiorenam-ponenan' ny Frantsay === Tamin’ ny taona 1604 dia nanomboka nandefa sambo nankaty Madagasikara ny mpanjaka frantsay [[Henri IV (mpanjakan' i Frantsa)|Henri IV]] mba hifaninana amin' ny [[zanatany hôlandey]] any amin' ny [[Golden Coast (faritra)|Golden Coast]] (na ''Costa do Ouro'' amin' ny [[Fiteny pôrtogey|teny pôrtogey]], "Morontsiraky ny Volamena") any [[Afrika]] (ampahany amin' i [[Ganà]] ankehitriny). Niorina teny [[Manafiafy]] ao Anosy ny fonenan' ny frantsay. Betsaka ny maty tamin' ny volana voalohany, angamba noho ny [[tazomoka]] sy ny fivalanan-dra [[disanteria]] tany amin’ ny faritra misy [[honahona]], ary nafindra 40&nbsp;km atsimo-andrefana mankany amin' ny [[Saikinosy|saikinosi]]<nowiki/>n' i Taolanaro ilay tanàna ary nanorenan' izy ireo ilay nantsoina tatỳ aoriana hoe [[Tolagnaro|Fort Dauphin]], [[Fanjanahantany|zanatany]] frantsay voalohany aty amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]]. Hitan' ny Frantsay ho azo atao namana i Drian-Ramaka; teo amin' ny sisin' ny tanànan' ny [[Zafiraminia]] ny toeram-ponenan' izy ireo. Nanambady vehivavy andriana zafindraminia i [[Jacques Pronis|Jacques de Pronis]], governora voalohany tao amin' ny [[Compagnie française des Indes orientales]]. Na izany aza, dia nanao izay natezitra ny voanjo i Pronis ka nafatotr' izy tamin' ny rojo vy; taorian' ny famonjena azy dia noroahina tany amin' ny nosy [[La Réunion]] ny mpikomy - na Frantsay na Malagasy. I [[Étienne de Flacourt]] no nandimby azy, ary nikatsaka ny hanangana zanatany maromaro teto Madagasikara mba hamatsiana indray ny sambo eorôpeana mandeha any amin' ny faritra [[India Atsinanana (faritra)|India Atsinanana]], hahazoana sakafo avy amin' ny Malagasy, na amin' ny alalan' ny varotra izany na an-keriny, ary ny nisy koa ny fivarotana [[Aika (zavamaniry)|aika]] (''Indigofera tinctoria'') sy [[Paraky (zavamaniry)|paraky]] ary [[fary]] hamatsiana ny fanitarana ny [[fanjanahantany]]. Nitady izay handresena an' Anosy ny governora nifandimby tao Fort-Dauphin, tamin' ny tapaky ny taonjato faha-17, tamin' ny fandrobana ny fahefan' ny mpanjaka zafiraminia, izay niray hina tamin' ny andron' i Drian Ramaka (ary tatỳ aoriana tamin' ny andron' [[Andriampanolahy]] zanany). Nisy ny hetsika miaramila maromaro izay nandroba sy nandoro tanàna, namono sy [[Fanandevozana|nanandevo]] ny Malagasy ary nangalatra [[omby]] an' aliny. Famonoana olona sy [[fanapoizinana]] ary fisamborana sy fandoroana an' i Fort-Dauphin no nasetrin' ny Malagasy izany. Tamin' ny taona 1674, taorian' ny nananganana indroa ny ''Compagnie française des Indes orientales'', noho ny tsy fahampian' ny tombom-barotra, dia nialan' ny Frantsay i Fort-Dauphin ary nilaozany koa ny zanatany. === Fitondrana tompomenakely === Nitohy ny disadisa tany Anosy taorian' ny fandroahana ny Frantsay. Rehefa nialokaloka tao Fort-Dauphin ny [[jiolahin-tsambo]] vaky sambo tamin' ny taona 1697, dia nanendry an' i [[Abraham Samuel]], izay [[safiotra]] avy any [[Martinique]], mba ho mpanjaka mpitarika azy ireo. Nitarika [[Asan-jiolahin-tsambo|jiolahin-tsambo]] tamin' hiady tsy tapaka tamin' i [[Diamarang Diamera]], mpanjaka antanosy, i Samuel, mandra-pahafatiny tamin' ny 1705. Niezaka nifehy ny tany indray ny Zafiraminia, nefa tsy nahomby; niatrika fikomiana maromaro izy ireo. Nihena ny isan' ny tanànan' ny voanjo sy ny habeny, ary nifindra tany anaty tanety izy ireo. Tonga nanarina an' i Fort-Dauphin ho toby famatsiana ilay Frantsay atao hoe [[Louis Laurent de Maudave]] tamin' ny taona 1768. Nisy mpitondra niisa 35 tao amin' ny faritr' Anosy, izay tsy nifanaraka fa niady ny ankamaroany, ary tsy nisy nitondra olona mihoatra ny 3&nbsp;000. Nanao sonia fifanarahana 30 tamin’ ny mpanjaka teo an-toerana i Louis Laurent de Maudave, nanao fifanekena tamin' ny fanomezana [[basy]] azy ireo (basy maherin' ny 10&nbsp;000 sy [[vanja]] 50 taonina no namidy). Nofoanan' ny fitondram-panjakana frantsay anefa ny ''Compagnie française des Indes orientales'' tamin' ny taona nanaraka, ary nilaozana ny toeram-pivarotan' i Maudave. Tokony ho tamin' ny fotoana niaingan' ny Frantsay dia nianjera koa ny fanjakan' ny [[Zafiraminia]], izay ravan' ny ady nanomboka tamin' ny tapaky ny tampolo 1600. Tamin' ny taona 1819 dia nosokafan' ny Frantsay indray i Fort Dauphin, rehefa avy nifampiraharaha tamin' ny lehiben' ny [[Zafiraminia]], atao hoe [[Rabefania]]. Nila ny fiarovan' ny Frantsay tamin' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]], izay nikatsaka ny hanapaka an' i Madagasikara manontolo, i Rabefania. Nanohy nanondrana omby i Fort-Dauphin, ary lasa toeram-panandevozana ihany koa sady nanao fitanehana [[toaka]]. === Fanapahan' ny Merina === Nisy miaramilan' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]], izay niisa 3&nbsp;000 hatramin' ny 4&nbsp;000, nidina ny morontsirak' Anosy ary nahafaka an' i Fort-Dauphin tamin' ny 14 Marsa 1825, ka tamin' izany no nifehy ny morontsiraka atsinanan’ i [[Madagasikara]] manontolo ny Fanjakan' Imerina. Miaramila 800 avy any Imerina mirongo basy no nifehy ny fitaterana an-dranomasina sy ny raharaham-barotra niaraka amin' ny miaramila tamin' ny tanàna hafa amorontsiraka. Nanohitra ny fomba feno habibiana nataon' ny Merina anefa ny ampahany be tamin' Anosy ka tsy nanoa fa nifehy tena, raha ny tena marina, ny mponina tany. === Adin' ny Frantsay sy ny Malagasy === Nanafika an' i [[Madagasikara]] i Frantsa tamin' ny taona 1883, mba hanoherana ny fitombon' ny herin' ny [[Britaina Lehibe|Britanika]] aty amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]]. Tany avaratr' i Madagasikara no tena nifantohan' ity fanirahana tafika voalohany teto Madagasikara ity, izay ivon' ny fahefan' Imerina. Izany no nahatonga ny Antanosy hikomy sy haka an' i [[Fort-Dauphin]], na dia nalain' ny [[Merina]] aza izany tamin' ny taona 1884. Tamin' ny taona 1885 dia nodarohan' ny sambo mpiady frantsay baomba ilay rova. Namerina namaritra ny faritra aty [[Afrika]] feheziny i [[Britaina Lehibe]] sy i [[Frantsa]]; lasa [[Prôtektôrata Frantsain' i Madagasikara|prôtektôrata frantsay i Madagasikara]]. Avy eo dia nanao fanirahana miaramila faharoa aty Madagasikara tamin’ ny taona 1894 ny Frantsay. === Zanatany frantsay === Lasa [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|zanatany frantsay]] tamin' ny fomba ôfisialy i Madagasikara tamin' ny 6 Aogositra 1896, ary ny miaramila frantsay no nifehy an' i Fort-Dauphin. Nisy tsy fandriam-pahalemana goavana tany amin' ny faritra hafa any amin' ny tapa,ny atsimon' i Madagasikara. Notarihin' ny mpanjaka antanosy [[Rabefagnatrika]], izay mpifaninana tamin' ny mpanjakan' i [[Manambaro]] atao hoe [[Rabefialy]], izay nanohana ny Frantsay, ny fanoherana tao anivon' Anosy. Resin' ny Frantsay ny faritra atsimon' i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1898, tamin' ny alalan' ny fomba fanoheram-pikomiana novolavolaina tany [[Indôsina]]. Niteraka fikomiana kely sy fanafihana, izay niafara tamin’ ny [[Fikomian' ny Malagasy tamin' ny taona 1904–1905|fikomiana faobe tamin' ny taona 1904–1905]], ny fitondrana henjana sy ny tsy firaharahana ny [[kolontsaina malagasy]]. Nitarika mpikomy nianatsimo nankany Anosy i [[Befagnatrika]], izay mpanjakan' ny Antanosy, ary tamin' ny volana Desambra 1904 dia nahafaka an' i [[Esira]] sy i [[Fort Dauphin|Fort-Dauphin]] ary i [[Manambaro]], tamin’ ny fandrobana izay niely patrana. Amin' ny ankapobeny dia nanohana ny fikomiana ny [[Prôtestantisma eto Madagasikara|Prôtestanta]], ary nisy fiangonana katôlika maromaro nodoran' ny mpikomy. Nihamafy ny fihetseham-po [[Fanindrahindram-pirenena|nasiônalista]] sy mpanohana ny fahaleovantena teto Madagasikara taorian' ny fiverenan' ny lehilahy izay noterena hanao miaramila, ny fanohizana ny [[Asa an-tery vozona|asa an-terivozona]], ary ny tsy fisian' ny fanavaozana nampanantenain' i [[Charles de Gaulle]]. Rehefa tsy nety nanohana ny dingana [[Demôkrasia|demôkratika]] mankany amin' ny fahaleovantenan' i Madagasikara ny governemanta frantsay, dia nahazo vahana ny mpitarika ny tolona ho an' ny fahaleovantena ary nanomboka ny [[Tolom-bahoaka tamin' ny 1947|fitroaran' ny Malagasy tamin' ny taona 1947–1949]]. === Repoblikan' i Madagasikara === Nahazo fahaleovan-tena tamin' ny [[fitsapan-kevi-bahoaka]] i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1958. Notoherin' ny fitroaran' ny tantsaha tany amin' ny [[Faritanin' i Toliara]] (anisan' izany [[Faritra Anosy|Anosy]]) ny fahefana ara-pôlitikan' ny fitondrana vaovao, tamin' ny taona 1971. Nitarika ho amin' ny fanangana ny [[Repoblika Demôkratika Malagasy]] tamin' ny taona 1975 ny fihetsiketsehan' ny mpianatra narahin' ny fitokonana faobe sy ny rotaka. == Fiteny == Ny ankamaroan' ny Antanosy dia mampiasa ny [[fiteny antanosy]], izay [[fitenim-paritra malagasy]], sampan' ny [[Fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana|vondrom-piteny malaiô-pôlineziana]] avy amin' ny [[fiteny baritô]] any atsimon' i [[Bôrneô]]. Miteny antanosy ihany koa ny Antanosy ao amin' ny tanàna toa an' i [[Bezaha]] sy [[Vatolatsaka]] ([[Distrikan'i Betioky-Atsimo|distrikan' i Betioky-Atsimo]]) ary any [[Bereketa]] ([[Distrikan'i Sakaraha|distrikan' i Sakaraha]]). Ity fiteny ity no fiteny malagasy nosoratana voalohany amin' ny [[abidy latina]] (vavaka kristiana amin' ny fiteny antanosy).. == Toekarena == === Jono === Mpiandriaka sy [[Jono|mpanjono]] ny Antanosy monina amorotsiraka. === Fambolena sy fiompiana === Mpamboly [[vary]] sy [[mangahazo]] sy [[Fiompiana omby|mpiompy omby]] kosa ireo izay monina an-tanety lavitra ny [[ranomasina]]. Raha ampy ny [[Rotsa-drano|rotsak' orana]], dia ny [[vary]] no vokatra voalohany amin' ny sakafo. Sakafo tena ilaina ho an’ ireo izay tsy mahavidy vary mandritra ny taona ny [[mangahazo]], anisan' izany ny ankamaroan' ny Malagasy any an-toerana. Kely ny vokatra avy amin' ny ankamaroan' ny voly, indrindra noho ny fomba fambolena mbola nentim-paharazana. Ny [[Kafe (maniry)|kafe]] (avy amin’ ny faritra [[Ranomafana]] indrindraindrindra), ny [[trongatsy mavokely]] (''Catharanthus roseus''), ny [[taretra]] (''Agave sisalana'') ary ny [[Dipoavatra (maniry)|dipoavatra]] (''Schinus'') no voly fanondrana efatra lehibe ao amin' ny faritra Anosy. === Taozavatra === [[Sary:Tanosy dwelling.jpg|vignette|Trano antanosy]] Misy koa ny mpanefy sy ny mpanamboatra trano amin' ny hazo. === Varotra === Anisan' ny fiveloman' ny olona koa ny divarotana ny vokatry ny fitrandrahany ny [[zavamaniry]] sy ny [[biby]] any an' ala ([[tantely]], [[hazo]], zavamaniry fanao [[raokandro]]). Fanao matetika mandritra ny tsena isan-kerinandro eo an-toerana ny varotra, satria monina any amin' ny tanàna ambanivohitra lavitra vitsy mponina ny ankamaroan' ny mponina<ref><small>Lyon, Linda M. (2003). ''[https://research.wsulibs.wsu.edu:8443/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2376/119/l..?sequence=1 Antanosy Odyssey II: Application of the use and knowledge of non-domesticated medicinal plants on conservation among the people of Madagascar]''. Doctoral dissertation, Washington State University.</small></ref>. == Kolontsaina == [[Sary:Man from the Antanosy tribe in Madagascar 1950. (9420075397).jpg|vignette|Lehilahy antanosy tamin' ny taona 1950]] === Ny fivavahan-drazana === Toy ny faritra maro eto [[Madagasikara]] dia maro ny Antanosy mandala ny [[Fivavahan-drazana malagasy|fivavahan-drazana]] izay iantsoana an' i [[Zanahary]] sy anajana ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]]. Mbola maro ny Kristiana ao Anosy manaja ny finoana nentim-paharazanana, indrindra ny [[Fady (malagasy)|fady]] samihafa, izay mifangaro ihany koa amin' ny [[Silamo eto Madagasikara|fanao mozilmàna]] izay niditra tao efa taonjato maro lasa. === Ny kristianisma === Tamin' ny taompolo 1610 dia nisy fiangonana naorina ho an' ny [[Zezoita]] izay natao hanombohana ny [[fitoriana ny filazantsara]]. Tsy nanaiky ny handefasana an' i [[Drian-Ramaka]] zanany lahy ho any [[Goa]] (any [[India]]) hianatra momba ny [[Katôlisisma|fivavahana katôlika]] ny mpanjaka [[Chambanga]]. Nanaja ny [[Fivavahan-drazana malagasy|fivavahan-drazana]] i Drian-Ramaka, rehefa nandimby an-drainy, fa tsy nanaiky ny fivavahana katôlika. Vokatry ny tsy fahombiazan' ny Zezoita (Malagasy iray monja no natao [[batemy]] nandritra ny herintaona) dia niala tao Anosy izy ireo tamin' ny taona 1617. Tamin' ny tapaky ny taonjato faha-17 dia notarihin' ny [[Lazarista]] (''Congrégation de la Mission'') ny asa fitoriana. Tamin’ ny taona 1869, taorian' ny fahazoan' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]] ny fanapahana an' Anosy, dia niova ho kristiana ny mpanjakavavy merina [[Ranavalona II]]. Nisy fiangonana naorina tao Fort-Dauphin ary tsy maintsy nanatrika fivavahana ny mponina tao. Ny evanjelista avy amin' ny [[London Missionary Society]] no nitarika ny fiangonana tatỳ aoriana. Taorian' ny naha lasa [[Zanatanin' i Madagasikara sy ny tany miankina|zanatany frantsay]] an' i Madagasikara dia niseho ny fikomiana goavana tany atsimon' i Madagasikara, nefa resy ny faritra atsimon' i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1898. Taorian’ ilay fikomiana dia nakaton' ny Frantsay ny sekoly loterana sy ny [[Loteranisma eto Madagasikara|fiangonana loterana]], izay noheveriny ho mpiray tsikombakomba amin' ny mpikomy. === Fombafomba amin' ny fandevenana === [[Sary:Mahafaly-tomb.jpg|vignette|Orimbato antanosy]] Manangana [[tsangambato]] na [[orimbato]] ny Antanosy mba hahatsiarovany ny havany maty, na dia efa milevina am-pasana, ka matetika amin' ny toerana malaky talaky mason' ny besinimaro no anorenana izany, toy ny toerana amoron-dalana. [[Sary:Ethnic_groups_of_Madagascar_Map.png|vignette|Ny fitsinjaran' ny vondrom-poko eto Madagasikara]] == Jereo koa == '''<big>Vahoaka eto Madagasikara</big>''' '''Ny foko eto Madagasikara''' * [[Antambahoaka]] - [[Antandroy]] - [[Antankarana]] - [[Antanosy]] - [[Antefasy]] - [[Antemoro]] - [[Antesaka]] - [[Bara]] - [[Beosy]] - [[Betsileo]] - [[Betsimisaraka]] - [[Bezanozano]] - [[Mahafaly]] - [[Makoa]] - [[Masikoro]] - [[Merina]] - [[Mikea]] - [[Sakalava]] - [[Sihanaka]] - [[Tanala]] - [[Tsimihety]] - [[Vezo]] - [[Zafimaniry]] - [[Zafisoro]]. '''Ny vahoaka hafa eto Madagasikara''' * [[Sinoa eto Madagasikara]] * [[Vazaha eto Madagasikara]] * [[Karàna]] '''Samihafa''' * [[Jiosy malagasy]] == Tahirin-kevitra == * [https://tafa-sy-dinika.jimdo.com/antanosy-bara-betsileo/ Lahatsoratra amin'ny teny frantsay mahakasika ny Antanosy, Bara ary Betsileo] * [http://gasikar-histo.e-monsite.com/pages/histoire/monarchie/royaume-antanosy/ Lahatsoratra amin'ny teny frantsay mahakasika fanjakana Antanosy] {{Wayback|url=http://gasikar-histo.e-monsite.com/pages/histoire/monarchie/royaume-antanosy/ |date=20170116142101 }} == Boky azo anovozan-kevitra == * Bradt, Hilary; Austin, Daniel (2007). ''Madagascar'' (9th ed.). Guilford, CT: The Globe Pequot Press Inc. pp. 113–115. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-84162-197-5</nowiki>. * Clément Sambo, "Destins astrologiques et liberté humaine", ''Études Océan Indien'', 16, Paris : INALCO, 1993, pp. 1-29. * Clément Sambo, "Pose les devinettes ? Les contes brefs des enfants malgaches", in : J. Koubi, dir., ''Enfance et Société d’Asie du Sud-Est'', Paris : L’Harmattan, 1994. * Clément Sambo, ''Aspects philosophiques de l’astrologie traditionnelle antanosy''. [Mémoire de maîtrise en philosophie], 1983, 170 p. CUR, Toliara, Département de Philosophie. * Clément Sambo, ''Folklore oral des enfants malgaches''. Paris : INALCO, 285 p. [« Travaux et Documents », 4], 1987. * Clément Sambo, ''Langages non conventionnels à Madagascar. Argot des jeunes et proverbes gaillards''. Paris : Karthala, 2001, 400 p. * Clément Sambo, ''Oralité et tradition des enfants malgaches''. [Thèse de Doctorat Nouveau Régime] soutenu à l’Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris. 2 volumes, 300 + 200 p. 1990. * Clément Sambo, ''Tradition et oralité à Madagascar'', Synthèse des travaux en vue de l’Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (HDR), 737 p, 2005. * Diagram Group (2013). ''Encyclopedia of African Peoples''. San Francisco, CA: Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135963415</nowiki>. * Guillaume et Alfred Grandidier, ''Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar'', vol. 5, Histoire politique et coloniale, t. 3, Histoire des populations autres que les Merina, fasc. 1, Betsileo, Betsimisaraka, Antanosy ..., Imprimerie officielle, Tananarive, 1948, 255 p. * Jean-Jacques Rabenirina, ''Le rituel mobilisateur de la circoncision (Savatsy ou cérémonie de circoncision chez les Antanosy de Soamanonga)'', Université de Bordeaux 2, 1998, 429 p. (thèse) * Ogot, Bethwell A. (1992). ''Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century''. Paris: UNESCO. <nowiki>ISBN 9789231017117</nowiki>. == Loharano sy fanamarihana == [[Sokajy:Foko ao Madagasikara]] py7xd65eoc9nolscrd2u0rbihc2pef0 1091920 1091919 2024-11-23T04:58:15Z Thelezifor 15140 /* Ny zana-poko mandrafitra ilay vondrona */ 1091920 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:ANTANOSY.jpg|vignette|354x354px|Tanora lahy sy vavy antanosy]] [[Sary:Antanosy tomb on the road from Fort Dauphin to Amboasary.jpg|vignette|Fasana antanosy manamorona ny lalana avy any [[Tolagnaro]] mankany [[Amboasary-Atsimo|Amboasary Atsimo]]]] Ny '''Antanosy''' na '''Tanosy''' dia vondrom-poko ao amin' ny tendro atsimo-atsinanan' i [[Madagasikara]], ao amin' ny [[faritra Anosy]] izay misy an' i [[Tolagnaro]], eo anelanelan' ny renirano [[Masianaka (ony)|Masianaka]] sy ny ony [[Mandrare]] no misy azy betsaka indrindra, nefa ahitana azy koa ny tanàna toa an' i [[Bezaha]] sy [[Vatolatsaka]] (ao amin' ny [[distrikan' i Betioky-Atsimo]]) ary any [[Bereketa]] (ao amin' ny [[distrikan' i Sakaraha]]) any amin' ny [[faritra Atsimo-Andrefana]]. I Tolagnaro no tanàn-dehiben' izy ireo. Nifindra any taorian' ny nandresen' ny [[Merina]] an' Anosy. ny Antanosy mipetraka any Bezaha sy ny manodidina. Tombanana ho 360&nbsp;000 ny Antanosy tamin' ny taona 2013. == Ny maha izy azy ny Antanosy == Ao amin' ny [[Faritra Anosy]] ao atsimo-atsinanan' i Madagasikara no tena fonenan' ny Antanosy, na dia eo aza ireo izay mipetraka any [[Bezaha]] sy ny manodidina, izay nifindran' ny sasany tamin' ny Antanosy taorian' ny nandresen' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina|Merina]] an' Anosy.[[Sary:Two Antanosy ,men, 1900-1910.jpg|vignette|183x183px|Lehilahy antanosy, teo anelanelan' ny taona 1900 sy 1910.]] Tamin' ny taonjato faha-19 dia nibodo ny ampahan-tanin' ny [[Mahafaly]] sy ny an' ny [[Bara]] ny Antanosy, hatrany amin' ny ony [[Onilahy (ony)|Onilahy]] any atsimo-andrefana, noho ny fahaiza-manaony. Vokatry ny fahatongavan' ny [[Merina|tafika merina]] tany Anosy izany fifindrà-monina izany<ref><small>Ogot, Bethwell A. (1992). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century]''. Paris: UNESCO.</small></ref>. Niisa 360&nbsp;000 any ho any ny Antanosy tamin' ny taona 2013<ref><small>Diagram Group (2013). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xJQuAgAAQBAJ Encyclopedia of African Peoples]''. San Francisco, CA: Routledge. p. .</small></ref>. 2 % n' ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|vahoaka malagasy]] eo ho eo ny Antanosy, ka anisan' ny vondrom-poko madinika eto [[Madagasikara]] amin' ny isan' ny mponina sy amin' ny velaran' ny tany nonenan' ny razambeny<ref><small>Bradt, Hilary; Austin, Daniel (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vyNVb2q0RisC&pg=PA23&dq=madagascar+ethnic+group#q=madagascar%20ethnic%20group Madagascar]'' (9th ed.). Guilford, CT: The Globe Pequot Press Inc. pp. 113–115.</small></ref>.[[Sary:Antanosy warriors.jpg|vignette|282x282px|Mpiady antanosy tamin' ny taona 1908 any ho any]] == Fiarahamonina == Nifindra monina avy any avaratra tokony ho 150–200 taona lasa izay ny razamben' ny Antanosy ankehitriny. === Ny zana-poko mandrafitra ilay vondrona === Raha zaraina telo fotsiny, araka ny voalazan' ny Ministeran' ny Fambolena sy ny Fiompiana ary ny Jono (''Ministère de l'Agriculture, de l'Elevage et de la Pêche'' -- MAEP, 2003), dia izao ireo vondrona ireo: * ny [[Antavaratra (tanosy)|Antavaratra]] any [[Manantenina]] (fifangaroan' ny Antanosy sy ny [[Antaisaka]]); * ireo monina amin' ny lohasaha [[Antambolo (tanosy)|Antambolo]] ao amin' ny faritra [[Ranomafana (Tolagnaro)|Ranomafana]] sy [[Enaniliha]] * ny [[Antatsimo (tanosy)|Antatsimo]] mipetraka any amin' ny tapany atsimo-andrefan' Anosy, manomboka any [[Ranopiso]] ka hatrany amin' ny onin' i [[Mandrare]]. Raha zaraina dimy, dia ao: * ny Antavaratra na Tavaratra, ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Manantenina]] sy ny manodidina (atao hoe Temanantenina iireo izay monina na avy ao Manantenina fa ireo ao avaratra kokoa dia atao hoe Tavaratra); * ny [[Antambolo (tanosy)|Antambolo]] na Tambolo, ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Ranomafana (Tolagnaro)|Ranomafana]] sy [[Enaniliha]]; * ny Antatsimo na Tatsimo, izay monina ao amin' ny tapany atsimo-andrefan' ny [[faritra Anosy]], avy eo [[Ranopiso]] hatrany amin' ny reniranon' i [[Mandrare]] (any [[Amboasary-Atsimo]]); * ny [[Antambato (tanosy)|Antambato]] na Tambato, monina ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Mahatalaky]] sy i [[Manafiafy]]; * ny [[Antanosy (Fanjahira)|Antanosy]] na Tanosy, ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Fanjahira]]. Fomba iray amaritana ny Antanosy koa ny fifantohana amin' ny [[Zafiraminia]] tonga teny Anosy tamin' ny taonjato faha-16, izay nandresy ny mponina izay efa nipetraka teo, ary ny tarana-mpanjakany taloha dia voafehin’ ny fasana antsoina hoe [[Enosiavaratse|Enosiavaratsy]] (Manarivo), Enosiatsimo (Andromira) ary Samby Anosy ([[Ifarantsa]]). == Tantara == === Tarana-mpanjaka zafiraminia === Tamin’ ny taonjato faha-16 dia tonga tany [[Faritra Anosy|Anosy]] ny [[Zafiraminia]] (taranak' i [[Raminia]]) ary nifindra tany amin’ ny lohasahan' i [[Efaho (ony)|Efaho]] rehefa resin' ny [[Antambahoaka]] tany avaratra. Efa tamin’ ny taonjato faha-13 tany ho any no niaina teto [[Madagasikara]] ny Zafiraminia ary nifangaro tamin' ny Malagasy,izay efa nonina teto talohany; tsy nanana andrim-pivavahana silamo izy ireo na dia nitazona ny [[Abidy arabo|soratra arabo]] sy ny fomba amam-panao ara-piaraha-monina maro. Nampiditra ny fampiasana trano hazo ny Zafiraminia, nanana [[omby]] ho mariky ny fananan-karena, ary nanangana tarana-mpanjaka naharitra 200 taona. === Ny fifandraisana tamin' ny Eorôpeana === Raha nifindra tany Anosy avy any avaratra ny Zafiraminia dia nanomboka tonga avy any atsimo ny Eorôpeana. Tamin' ny 10 aogositra 1500, ny sambo [[Pôrtogaly|pôrtogey]] - izay nisaraka tamin' ny ''[[Armadas da Índia]]'' faha-2 - no Eorôpeana voalohany nahita an' i [[Madagasikara]], tany amin' ny morontsiraka atsimo akaikin' i [[Tolagnaro|Fort-Dauphin]] ankehitriny. Nantsoin' izy ireo hoe ''Ilha de São Lourenço'' (''Saint-Laurent'' amin' ny [[Fiteny frantsay|teny frantsay]]) i Madagasikara. Nisy sambo vaky dimy, fara fahakeliny, teo amin' io morontsiraka io teo anelanelan' ny taona 1504 sy 1507, ary ny sasany tamin' ny [[Pôrtogaly|Pôrtogey]] sisa velona no nanorina ny rova ''Tranovato'', trano vato mirefy 10&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup> teo amin' ny havoana iray 9&nbsp;km any andrefan’ i Fort-Dauphin ankehitriny. Tamin' ny 4 Aogositra 1508 dia tonga nanamita iraka ara-barotra pôrtogey i [[Diogo Lopes de Sequeira]], ary nanavotra olona roa avy amin' ny sambo, izay niasa ho mpandika teny malagasy. Tamin' ny taona 1613 dia nitsidika ny rova ​​vato tao Tranovato, izay nipetrahan' ny mpanjaka teo an-toerana, [[Chambanga]], ny sambo pôrtogey nankaty Madagasikara. Nifanarahana ny fifaneken' ny fisakaizana, nosokafana ny raharaham-barotra. Nisy ny tsy fifanarahana momba ny fanerena ny mpanjaka Chambanga handefa an' i [[Drian-Ramaka]] zanany hianatra momba ny fivavahana katôlika any Goa (any [[India]]). Lasa tsy natoky i Chambanga rehefa nanomboka nitady [[volamena]] sy [[volafotsy]] ny Pôrtogey; nampiato ny raharaham-barotra izy, niezaka ny hamoana izany tany Anosy. Nitohy ny varotra rehefa nandimby an-drainy i Drian-Ramaka, ary nanaja ny [[Fivavahan-drazana malagasy|fivavahan-drazana]] fa tsy nanaiky ny [[Katôlisisma|fivavahana katôlika]]. === Fiorenam-ponenan' ny Frantsay === Tamin’ ny taona 1604 dia nanomboka nandefa sambo nankaty Madagasikara ny mpanjaka frantsay [[Henri IV (mpanjakan' i Frantsa)|Henri IV]] mba hifaninana amin' ny [[zanatany hôlandey]] any amin' ny [[Golden Coast (faritra)|Golden Coast]] (na ''Costa do Ouro'' amin' ny [[Fiteny pôrtogey|teny pôrtogey]], "Morontsiraky ny Volamena") any [[Afrika]] (ampahany amin' i [[Ganà]] ankehitriny). Niorina teny [[Manafiafy]] ao Anosy ny fonenan' ny frantsay. Betsaka ny maty tamin' ny volana voalohany, angamba noho ny [[tazomoka]] sy ny fivalanan-dra [[disanteria]] tany amin’ ny faritra misy [[honahona]], ary nafindra 40&nbsp;km atsimo-andrefana mankany amin' ny [[Saikinosy|saikinosi]]<nowiki/>n' i Taolanaro ilay tanàna ary nanorenan' izy ireo ilay nantsoina tatỳ aoriana hoe [[Tolagnaro|Fort Dauphin]], [[Fanjanahantany|zanatany]] frantsay voalohany aty amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]]. Hitan' ny Frantsay ho azo atao namana i Drian-Ramaka; teo amin' ny sisin' ny tanànan' ny [[Zafiraminia]] ny toeram-ponenan' izy ireo. Nanambady vehivavy andriana zafindraminia i [[Jacques Pronis|Jacques de Pronis]], governora voalohany tao amin' ny [[Compagnie française des Indes orientales]]. Na izany aza, dia nanao izay natezitra ny voanjo i Pronis ka nafatotr' izy tamin' ny rojo vy; taorian' ny famonjena azy dia noroahina tany amin' ny nosy [[La Réunion]] ny mpikomy - na Frantsay na Malagasy. I [[Étienne de Flacourt]] no nandimby azy, ary nikatsaka ny hanangana zanatany maromaro teto Madagasikara mba hamatsiana indray ny sambo eorôpeana mandeha any amin' ny faritra [[India Atsinanana (faritra)|India Atsinanana]], hahazoana sakafo avy amin' ny Malagasy, na amin' ny alalan' ny varotra izany na an-keriny, ary ny nisy koa ny fivarotana [[Aika (zavamaniry)|aika]] (''Indigofera tinctoria'') sy [[Paraky (zavamaniry)|paraky]] ary [[fary]] hamatsiana ny fanitarana ny [[fanjanahantany]]. Nitady izay handresena an' Anosy ny governora nifandimby tao Fort-Dauphin, tamin' ny tapaky ny taonjato faha-17, tamin' ny fandrobana ny fahefan' ny mpanjaka zafiraminia, izay niray hina tamin' ny andron' i Drian Ramaka (ary tatỳ aoriana tamin' ny andron' [[Andriampanolahy]] zanany). Nisy ny hetsika miaramila maromaro izay nandroba sy nandoro tanàna, namono sy [[Fanandevozana|nanandevo]] ny Malagasy ary nangalatra [[omby]] an' aliny. Famonoana olona sy [[fanapoizinana]] ary fisamborana sy fandoroana an' i Fort-Dauphin no nasetrin' ny Malagasy izany. Tamin' ny taona 1674, taorian' ny nananganana indroa ny ''Compagnie française des Indes orientales'', noho ny tsy fahampian' ny tombom-barotra, dia nialan' ny Frantsay i Fort-Dauphin ary nilaozany koa ny zanatany. === Fitondrana tompomenakely === Nitohy ny disadisa tany Anosy taorian' ny fandroahana ny Frantsay. Rehefa nialokaloka tao Fort-Dauphin ny [[jiolahin-tsambo]] vaky sambo tamin' ny taona 1697, dia nanendry an' i [[Abraham Samuel]], izay [[safiotra]] avy any [[Martinique]], mba ho mpanjaka mpitarika azy ireo. Nitarika [[Asan-jiolahin-tsambo|jiolahin-tsambo]] tamin' hiady tsy tapaka tamin' i [[Diamarang Diamera]], mpanjaka antanosy, i Samuel, mandra-pahafatiny tamin' ny 1705. Niezaka nifehy ny tany indray ny Zafiraminia, nefa tsy nahomby; niatrika fikomiana maromaro izy ireo. Nihena ny isan' ny tanànan' ny voanjo sy ny habeny, ary nifindra tany anaty tanety izy ireo. Tonga nanarina an' i Fort-Dauphin ho toby famatsiana ilay Frantsay atao hoe [[Louis Laurent de Maudave]] tamin' ny taona 1768. Nisy mpitondra niisa 35 tao amin' ny faritr' Anosy, izay tsy nifanaraka fa niady ny ankamaroany, ary tsy nisy nitondra olona mihoatra ny 3&nbsp;000. Nanao sonia fifanarahana 30 tamin’ ny mpanjaka teo an-toerana i Louis Laurent de Maudave, nanao fifanekena tamin' ny fanomezana [[basy]] azy ireo (basy maherin' ny 10&nbsp;000 sy [[vanja]] 50 taonina no namidy). Nofoanan' ny fitondram-panjakana frantsay anefa ny ''Compagnie française des Indes orientales'' tamin' ny taona nanaraka, ary nilaozana ny toeram-pivarotan' i Maudave. Tokony ho tamin' ny fotoana niaingan' ny Frantsay dia nianjera koa ny fanjakan' ny [[Zafiraminia]], izay ravan' ny ady nanomboka tamin' ny tapaky ny tampolo 1600. Tamin' ny taona 1819 dia nosokafan' ny Frantsay indray i Fort Dauphin, rehefa avy nifampiraharaha tamin' ny lehiben' ny [[Zafiraminia]], atao hoe [[Rabefania]]. Nila ny fiarovan' ny Frantsay tamin' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]], izay nikatsaka ny hanapaka an' i Madagasikara manontolo, i Rabefania. Nanohy nanondrana omby i Fort-Dauphin, ary lasa toeram-panandevozana ihany koa sady nanao fitanehana [[toaka]]. === Fanapahan' ny Merina === Nisy miaramilan' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]], izay niisa 3&nbsp;000 hatramin' ny 4&nbsp;000, nidina ny morontsirak' Anosy ary nahafaka an' i Fort-Dauphin tamin' ny 14 Marsa 1825, ka tamin' izany no nifehy ny morontsiraka atsinanan’ i [[Madagasikara]] manontolo ny Fanjakan' Imerina. Miaramila 800 avy any Imerina mirongo basy no nifehy ny fitaterana an-dranomasina sy ny raharaham-barotra niaraka amin' ny miaramila tamin' ny tanàna hafa amorontsiraka. Nanohitra ny fomba feno habibiana nataon' ny Merina anefa ny ampahany be tamin' Anosy ka tsy nanoa fa nifehy tena, raha ny tena marina, ny mponina tany. === Adin' ny Frantsay sy ny Malagasy === Nanafika an' i [[Madagasikara]] i Frantsa tamin' ny taona 1883, mba hanoherana ny fitombon' ny herin' ny [[Britaina Lehibe|Britanika]] aty amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]]. Tany avaratr' i Madagasikara no tena nifantohan' ity fanirahana tafika voalohany teto Madagasikara ity, izay ivon' ny fahefan' Imerina. Izany no nahatonga ny Antanosy hikomy sy haka an' i [[Fort-Dauphin]], na dia nalain' ny [[Merina]] aza izany tamin' ny taona 1884. Tamin' ny taona 1885 dia nodarohan' ny sambo mpiady frantsay baomba ilay rova. Namerina namaritra ny faritra aty [[Afrika]] feheziny i [[Britaina Lehibe]] sy i [[Frantsa]]; lasa [[Prôtektôrata Frantsain' i Madagasikara|prôtektôrata frantsay i Madagasikara]]. Avy eo dia nanao fanirahana miaramila faharoa aty Madagasikara tamin’ ny taona 1894 ny Frantsay. === Zanatany frantsay === Lasa [[Madagasikara zanatany frantsay|zanatany frantsay]] tamin' ny fomba ôfisialy i Madagasikara tamin' ny 6 Aogositra 1896, ary ny miaramila frantsay no nifehy an' i Fort-Dauphin. Nisy tsy fandriam-pahalemana goavana tany amin' ny faritra hafa any amin' ny tapa,ny atsimon' i Madagasikara. Notarihin' ny mpanjaka antanosy [[Rabefagnatrika]], izay mpifaninana tamin' ny mpanjakan' i [[Manambaro]] atao hoe [[Rabefialy]], izay nanohana ny Frantsay, ny fanoherana tao anivon' Anosy. Resin' ny Frantsay ny faritra atsimon' i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1898, tamin' ny alalan' ny fomba fanoheram-pikomiana novolavolaina tany [[Indôsina]]. Niteraka fikomiana kely sy fanafihana, izay niafara tamin’ ny [[Fikomian' ny Malagasy tamin' ny taona 1904–1905|fikomiana faobe tamin' ny taona 1904–1905]], ny fitondrana henjana sy ny tsy firaharahana ny [[kolontsaina malagasy]]. Nitarika mpikomy nianatsimo nankany Anosy i [[Befagnatrika]], izay mpanjakan' ny Antanosy, ary tamin' ny volana Desambra 1904 dia nahafaka an' i [[Esira]] sy i [[Fort Dauphin|Fort-Dauphin]] ary i [[Manambaro]], tamin’ ny fandrobana izay niely patrana. Amin' ny ankapobeny dia nanohana ny fikomiana ny [[Prôtestantisma eto Madagasikara|Prôtestanta]], ary nisy fiangonana katôlika maromaro nodoran' ny mpikomy. Nihamafy ny fihetseham-po [[Fanindrahindram-pirenena|nasiônalista]] sy mpanohana ny fahaleovantena teto Madagasikara taorian' ny fiverenan' ny lehilahy izay noterena hanao miaramila, ny fanohizana ny [[Asa an-tery vozona|asa an-terivozona]], ary ny tsy fisian' ny fanavaozana nampanantenain' i [[Charles de Gaulle]]. Rehefa tsy nety nanohana ny dingana [[Demôkrasia|demôkratika]] mankany amin' ny fahaleovantenan' i Madagasikara ny governemanta frantsay, dia nahazo vahana ny mpitarika ny tolona ho an' ny fahaleovantena ary nanomboka ny [[Tolom-bahoaka tamin' ny 1947|fitroaran' ny Malagasy tamin' ny taona 1947–1949]]. === Repoblikan' i Madagasikara === Nahazo fahaleovan-tena tamin' ny [[fitsapan-kevi-bahoaka]] i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1958. Notoherin' ny fitroaran' ny tantsaha tany amin' ny [[Faritanin' i Toliara]] (anisan' izany [[Faritra Anosy|Anosy]]) ny fahefana ara-pôlitikan' ny fitondrana vaovao, tamin' ny taona 1971. Nitarika ho amin' ny fanangana ny [[Repoblika Demôkratika Malagasy]] tamin' ny taona 1975 ny fihetsiketsehan' ny mpianatra narahin' ny fitokonana faobe sy ny rotaka. == Fiteny == Ny ankamaroan' ny Antanosy dia mampiasa ny [[fiteny antanosy]], izay [[fitenim-paritra malagasy]], sampan' ny [[Fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana|vondrom-piteny malaiô-pôlineziana]] avy amin' ny [[fiteny baritô]] any atsimon' i [[Bôrneô]]. Miteny antanosy ihany koa ny Antanosy ao amin' ny tanàna toa an' i [[Bezaha]] sy [[Vatolatsaka]] ([[Distrikan'i Betioky-Atsimo|distrikan' i Betioky-Atsimo]]) ary any [[Bereketa]] ([[Distrikan'i Sakaraha|distrikan' i Sakaraha]]). Ity fiteny ity no fiteny malagasy nosoratana voalohany amin' ny [[abidy latina]] (vavaka kristiana amin' ny fiteny antanosy).. == Toekarena == === Jono === Mpiandriaka sy [[Jono|mpanjono]] ny Antanosy monina amorotsiraka. === Fambolena sy fiompiana === Mpamboly [[vary]] sy [[mangahazo]] sy [[Fiompiana omby|mpiompy omby]] kosa ireo izay monina an-tanety lavitra ny [[ranomasina]]. Raha ampy ny [[Rotsa-drano|rotsak' orana]], dia ny [[vary]] no vokatra voalohany amin' ny sakafo. Sakafo tena ilaina ho an’ ireo izay tsy mahavidy vary mandritra ny taona ny [[mangahazo]], anisan' izany ny ankamaroan' ny Malagasy any an-toerana. Kely ny vokatra avy amin' ny ankamaroan' ny voly, indrindra noho ny fomba fambolena mbola nentim-paharazana. Ny [[Kafe (maniry)|kafe]] (avy amin’ ny faritra [[Ranomafana]] indrindraindrindra), ny [[trongatsy mavokely]] (''Catharanthus roseus''), ny [[taretra]] (''Agave sisalana'') ary ny [[Dipoavatra (maniry)|dipoavatra]] (''Schinus'') no voly fanondrana efatra lehibe ao amin' ny faritra Anosy. === Taozavatra === [[Sary:Tanosy dwelling.jpg|vignette|Trano antanosy]] Misy koa ny mpanefy sy ny mpanamboatra trano amin' ny hazo. === Varotra === Anisan' ny fiveloman' ny olona koa ny divarotana ny vokatry ny fitrandrahany ny [[zavamaniry]] sy ny [[biby]] any an' ala ([[tantely]], [[hazo]], zavamaniry fanao [[raokandro]]). Fanao matetika mandritra ny tsena isan-kerinandro eo an-toerana ny varotra, satria monina any amin' ny tanàna ambanivohitra lavitra vitsy mponina ny ankamaroan' ny mponina<ref><small>Lyon, Linda M. (2003). ''[https://research.wsulibs.wsu.edu:8443/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2376/119/l..?sequence=1 Antanosy Odyssey II: Application of the use and knowledge of non-domesticated medicinal plants on conservation among the people of Madagascar]''. Doctoral dissertation, Washington State University.</small></ref>. == Kolontsaina == [[Sary:Man from the Antanosy tribe in Madagascar 1950. (9420075397).jpg|vignette|Lehilahy antanosy tamin' ny taona 1950]] === Ny fivavahan-drazana === Toy ny faritra maro eto [[Madagasikara]] dia maro ny Antanosy mandala ny [[Fivavahan-drazana malagasy|fivavahan-drazana]] izay iantsoana an' i [[Zanahary]] sy anajana ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]]. Mbola maro ny Kristiana ao Anosy manaja ny finoana nentim-paharazanana, indrindra ny [[Fady (malagasy)|fady]] samihafa, izay mifangaro ihany koa amin' ny [[Silamo eto Madagasikara|fanao mozilmàna]] izay niditra tao efa taonjato maro lasa. === Ny kristianisma === Tamin' ny taompolo 1610 dia nisy fiangonana naorina ho an' ny [[Zezoita]] izay natao hanombohana ny [[fitoriana ny filazantsara]]. Tsy nanaiky ny handefasana an' i [[Drian-Ramaka]] zanany lahy ho any [[Goa]] (any [[India]]) hianatra momba ny [[Katôlisisma|fivavahana katôlika]] ny mpanjaka [[Chambanga]]. Nanaja ny [[Fivavahan-drazana malagasy|fivavahan-drazana]] i Drian-Ramaka, rehefa nandimby an-drainy, fa tsy nanaiky ny fivavahana katôlika. Vokatry ny tsy fahombiazan' ny Zezoita (Malagasy iray monja no natao [[batemy]] nandritra ny herintaona) dia niala tao Anosy izy ireo tamin' ny taona 1617. Tamin' ny tapaky ny taonjato faha-17 dia notarihin' ny [[Lazarista]] (''Congrégation de la Mission'') ny asa fitoriana. Tamin’ ny taona 1869, taorian' ny fahazoan' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]] ny fanapahana an' Anosy, dia niova ho kristiana ny mpanjakavavy merina [[Ranavalona II]]. Nisy fiangonana naorina tao Fort-Dauphin ary tsy maintsy nanatrika fivavahana ny mponina tao. Ny evanjelista avy amin' ny [[London Missionary Society]] no nitarika ny fiangonana tatỳ aoriana. Taorian' ny naha lasa [[Zanatanin' i Madagasikara sy ny tany miankina|zanatany frantsay]] an' i Madagasikara dia niseho ny fikomiana goavana tany atsimon' i Madagasikara, nefa resy ny faritra atsimon' i Madagasikara tamin' ny taona 1898. Taorian’ ilay fikomiana dia nakaton' ny Frantsay ny sekoly loterana sy ny [[Loteranisma eto Madagasikara|fiangonana loterana]], izay noheveriny ho mpiray tsikombakomba amin' ny mpikomy. === Fombafomba amin' ny fandevenana === [[Sary:Mahafaly-tomb.jpg|vignette|Orimbato antanosy]] Manangana [[tsangambato]] na [[orimbato]] ny Antanosy mba hahatsiarovany ny havany maty, na dia efa milevina am-pasana, ka matetika amin' ny toerana malaky talaky mason' ny besinimaro no anorenana izany, toy ny toerana amoron-dalana. [[Sary:Ethnic_groups_of_Madagascar_Map.png|vignette|Ny fitsinjaran' ny vondrom-poko eto Madagasikara]] == Jereo koa == '''<big>Vahoaka eto Madagasikara</big>''' '''Ny foko eto Madagasikara''' * [[Antambahoaka]] - [[Antandroy]] - [[Antankarana]] - [[Antanosy]] - [[Antefasy]] - [[Antemoro]] - [[Antesaka]] - [[Bara]] - [[Beosy]] - [[Betsileo]] - [[Betsimisaraka]] - [[Bezanozano]] - [[Mahafaly]] - [[Makoa]] - [[Masikoro]] - [[Merina]] - [[Mikea]] - [[Sakalava]] - [[Sihanaka]] - [[Tanala]] - [[Tsimihety]] - [[Vezo]] - [[Zafimaniry]] - [[Zafisoro]]. '''Ny vahoaka hafa eto Madagasikara''' * [[Sinoa eto Madagasikara]] * [[Vazaha eto Madagasikara]] * [[Karàna]] '''Samihafa''' * [[Jiosy malagasy]] == Tahirin-kevitra == * [https://tafa-sy-dinika.jimdo.com/antanosy-bara-betsileo/ Lahatsoratra amin'ny teny frantsay mahakasika ny Antanosy, Bara ary Betsileo] * [http://gasikar-histo.e-monsite.com/pages/histoire/monarchie/royaume-antanosy/ Lahatsoratra amin'ny teny frantsay mahakasika fanjakana Antanosy] {{Wayback|url=http://gasikar-histo.e-monsite.com/pages/histoire/monarchie/royaume-antanosy/ |date=20170116142101 }} == Boky azo anovozan-kevitra == * Bradt, Hilary; Austin, Daniel (2007). ''Madagascar'' (9th ed.). Guilford, CT: The Globe Pequot Press Inc. pp. 113–115. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-84162-197-5</nowiki>. * Clément Sambo, "Destins astrologiques et liberté humaine", ''Études Océan Indien'', 16, Paris : INALCO, 1993, pp. 1-29. * Clément Sambo, "Pose les devinettes ? Les contes brefs des enfants malgaches", in : J. Koubi, dir., ''Enfance et Société d’Asie du Sud-Est'', Paris : L’Harmattan, 1994. * Clément Sambo, ''Aspects philosophiques de l’astrologie traditionnelle antanosy''. [Mémoire de maîtrise en philosophie], 1983, 170 p. CUR, Toliara, Département de Philosophie. * Clément Sambo, ''Folklore oral des enfants malgaches''. Paris : INALCO, 285 p. [« Travaux et Documents », 4], 1987. * Clément Sambo, ''Langages non conventionnels à Madagascar. Argot des jeunes et proverbes gaillards''. Paris : Karthala, 2001, 400 p. * Clément Sambo, ''Oralité et tradition des enfants malgaches''. [Thèse de Doctorat Nouveau Régime] soutenu à l’Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris. 2 volumes, 300 + 200 p. 1990. * Clément Sambo, ''Tradition et oralité à Madagascar'', Synthèse des travaux en vue de l’Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (HDR), 737 p, 2005. * Diagram Group (2013). ''Encyclopedia of African Peoples''. San Francisco, CA: Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135963415</nowiki>. * Guillaume et Alfred Grandidier, ''Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar'', vol. 5, Histoire politique et coloniale, t. 3, Histoire des populations autres que les Merina, fasc. 1, Betsileo, Betsimisaraka, Antanosy ..., Imprimerie officielle, Tananarive, 1948, 255 p. * Jean-Jacques Rabenirina, ''Le rituel mobilisateur de la circoncision (Savatsy ou cérémonie de circoncision chez les Antanosy de Soamanonga)'', Université de Bordeaux 2, 1998, 429 p. (thèse) * Ogot, Bethwell A. (1992). ''Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century''. Paris: UNESCO. <nowiki>ISBN 9789231017117</nowiki>. == Loharano sy fanamarihana == [[Sokajy:Foko ao Madagasikara]] 6ltuswmdrh9ap13jxshh2v8pdf6nm93 Fivavahan-drazana malagasy 0 266314 1091911 1076685 2024-11-22T17:03:37Z Thelezifor 15140 Tsipelina 1091911 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Ombiasa bag.jpg|vignette|298x298px|Odin' ny ombiasa]] Ny '''fivavahan-drazana malagasy''' na ny '''finoan-drazana malagasy''' dia [[fivavahana]] sy [[finoana]] narahin' ny [[Ntaolo]] malagasy, ka tafiditra ao amin' ny [[kolontsaina]] nentin-drazana malagasy, sady mifototra indrindra amin' ny fivavahana amin' ny [[Zanahary]] sy ny fanahin' ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]] ary ny fanajana ny [[Fady (malagasy)|fady]]. Miovaova isam-paritra ny endriky ny fivavahan-drazana malagasy noho ny fisian' ny singa hafa manampy ireo efa voatanisa etsy aloha ireo. Mihoatra ny 52&nbsp;%n' ny mponina no manaraka ny fivavahan-drazana<ref><small>"[https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2014religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2014&dlid=238232#wrapper International Religious Freedom Report for 2014]" [[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2014religiousfreedom%2Findex.htm%3Fyear%3D2014%26dlid%3D238232%23wrapper tahiry]], sur ''www.state.gov'' (notsidihina ny 06 Marsa 2018)</small></ref> izay fivavahana manantitra ny fifandraisan' ny velona sy ny maty ([[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]]). [[Sary:Dominant_Religions_in_Africa.jpg|vignette|320x320px|Ny fivavahana aty [[Afrika]]]] Ireto avy ny zavatra [[Finoana|inoan]]' ny Malagasy mandala ny fivavahan-razana ho manana ny hasiny: ny [[Sampy (malagasy)|sampy]], ny [[ody]], ny [[hazomanga]], ny [[vatolahy]], ny karazan-kazo sasany, ny karazam-biby sasany (toy ny [[omby]]). Ireto ny zavatra tsy hita maso nefa inoany fisiana: ny Zanahary, ny fanahin' ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]], ny [[kalanoro]], ny [[tromba]], ny [[avelo]], ny [[matoatoa]]. Mba ho fanajana an' ireo fanahy ireo dia manatanteraka [[fanatitra]] sy [[sorona]], ny Ntaolo malagasy. Ho fanajana ireo havany efa maty dia manao [[Famadihana|famadihan-drazana]] na manao [[asa lolo]] ny Malagasy. Ny misahana ny fandraharahana ny fifandraisana amin' ireo fanahy tsy hita maso ireo dia ny [[mpisorona]], ny [[mpitan-kazomanga]], ny [[ombiasa]] sy ny maro hafa koa. Inoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy ho manana hery miafina manimba ny [[Mosavy|mpamosavy]]. Manatona [[Fanandroana malagasy|mpanandro]] koa ny Malagasy, izay mino ny fisian' ny atao hoe [[vintana]], raha hanao zavatra mba hahaizany ny fotoana mety anatanterahany ny zavatra kasainy hatao sy ny fombafomba tokony hatao, ka mety misy ny [[ala faditra]]. Manatona [[Sikidy|mpisikidy]] koa ny Ntaolo malagasy raha te hahafantatra ny marina ny amin' ny zava-mitranga eo amin' ny fiainany. Ao koa ireo manatona olona misy [[tromba]]. == Ny olombelona == === Ny fiaviany === ==== Noarîn' i Zanahary ny olombelona ==== Mino ny Ntaolo malagasy fa noarîn' i [[Zanahary]] (na noarîn' ny Zanahary) ny olombelona. Mino ihany koa izy fa tsy mitsahatra amin' ny [[fahariana]] ny fifandraisan' i Zanahary (na ny Zanahary) sy ny olombelona fa mitohy amin' ny alalan' ny fanampiany ny mpanao soa sy ny fanamelohany ny ratsy ataon' ny olombelona. ==== Tokana ny razambe voalohany nipoiran' ny olombelona ==== Na dia fantatry ny Ntaolo malagasy fa samy manana ny fihodirany sy ny fiteniny sy ny fombany ny olombelona, dia hita taratra eo amin' ny [[fedrà]] sy ny oha-pitenenan' ny Ntaolo ny fiheverana ny olombelona rehetra ho nipoitra tamin' ny razambe tokana. Hoy ny ohabolan' izy ireo manao hoe: "Ladim-boatavo ny olombelona ka raha fotorana dia iray ihany". === Ny fiainany === ==== Tsy mahavita tena ny olombelona ==== Mila ny fitahiana sy ny fiarovan' ny fanahy hafa ankoatra an' i Zanahary (na ny Zanahary) izay lavitra loatra ny Ntaolo malagasy, ka ny voalohany amin' ireo dia ny [[Fanahin' ny vatana|fanahi]]<nowiki/>n' ny razana. ==== Samy manana ny anjarany ny olombelona ==== Samy manana ny [[Anjara (finoana)|anjarany]] avy amin' i Zanahary ny olona na ny vondron' olona tsirairay. Ny anjara dia zavatra soa na ratsy inoana ho avy amin' Andriamanitra. Ny anjara dia ilazana ny zavatra tsy azo ihodivirana sady lehibe toy ny loza, ny [[fahafatesana]], sns. Mifandray ihany ny anjara sy ny [[vintana]] sy ny [[lahatra]], ka izany no ahenoana ny hoe "anjara vintana". Hoy ny Ntaolo: * ''Anjaran' ny mpanan-karena ny milamin-tokantrano, fa tsy mba anay malahelo''. * ''Manana anjara ratsy, toy ny fantaka: manompo, vao vaky loha.'' * ''Tanalalahy misarotro mainandro: manakona ny anjara-masoandron' ny tena''. * ''Tsy mandidy alohan' Andriamanitra aho, fa izay zara-vintana lolohavina''. * ''Tsy misy nivavaka niankandrefana, fa samy nianavaratra ihany; fa ny harena mila vintana, ka raha tsy anjara, tsy tonga.'' === Toetra ara-panahin' ny olombelona === Ny teny hoe ''fanahy'' dia ampiasaina amin' ny [[fiteny malagasy]] ankehitriny, izay azo avy amin' ny [[Kristianisma|fivavahana kristiana]], hilazana zavatra manan-tsitrapo nefa tsy mety hitan' ny olombelona (fanahy, ohatra [[Andriamanitra (finoan-drazana malagasy)|Andriamanitra]], ny angatra, sns). Tamin' ny Ntaolo malagasy kosa, ny fanahy dia zavatra na toetra ao amin' ny [[olombelona]] izay mampahatsiaro tena azy, mahatonga azy hieritreritra, sady mampiavaka ny olona amin' ny biby amin' ny lafiny fitondran-tena. ==== Ny avelo ==== Ny [[avelo]] dia karazana fanahy ambanimbany tsy dia maharitra ela Ioatra aorian' ny fahafatesana, izay azo heverina ho fototry ny hery mahavelona fotsiny ny olombelona na ny biby<ref><small>"Avelo", in Rajemisa-Raolison, ''Rakibolana malagasy'', 1985.</small> </ref>. ==== Ny ambiroa ==== Ny [[ambiroa]] dia singa ara-panahy izay inoan' ny Ntaolo fa maharitra aorian' ny fahafatesana. Mety hialan' ny ambiroany vetivety ny olona iray ka hanjary ho verivery hevitra na verivery tadidy. Miverina ao amin' ny olombelona ihany ny ambiroa rehefa avy niala tao. Ny tsy fiverenan' ny ambiroa dia miteraka fahafatesana. Azo atao araka izany ny manala ambiroa na mampody ambiroa ny olona iray. ==== Manana fanahy hiaina aorian' ny fahafatesan' ny vatana ==== Inoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy fa tsy maty miaraka amin' ny vatana ny fanahin' ny olombelona fa lasa afaka manohy ny fisiany ivelan' ny tontolon' ny velona. Mety miseho ao amin' ny tontolon' ny velona ny fanahin' ny razana, ka izany no mampisy ny [[tromba]] sy ny angatra sady itandremana ny zavatra nameperany. == I Zanahary sy ny Zanahary == [[Andriamanitra (finoan-drazana malagasy)|Andriamanitra]] na [[Zanahary]], amin' ny Ntaolo malagasy dia [[fanahy]] tsy misy toa azy, izay ninoany fa nahary izao rehetra misy izao, ka isan' izany ny olombelona. Maro koa ireo zavatra ataon' ny Ntaolo malagasy hoe ''zanahary'' na ''andriamanitra''. === Ny finoan' ny Ntaolo an' i Zanahary na ny Zanahary === ==== Mpahary i Zanahary na ny Zanahary ==== I Zanahary (na ny Zanahary) dia [[Andriamanitra (anarana iombonana)|andriamanitra]] monina any an-danitra ao amin' ny [[fedrà]] malagasy. Heverina ho [[andriamanitra mpahary]]. Rehefa maty ny olombelona dia miakatra any an-danitra, any amin' i Zanahary (na amin' ny Zanahary), ny fanahiny. ==== Mandahatra amin' ny zava-drehetra i Zanahary na ny Zanahary ==== Ninoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy fa i Zanahary (na ny Zanahary) no mandahatra sy mandidy ny zavatra rehetra. Ny [[lahatra]] dia "fitondran' Andriamanitra na ny [[vintana]] mihatra amin' ny olombelona" <ref><small>"Lahatra"; in Regis Rajemisa-Raolisona, ''Rakibolana malagasy'', 1985.</small></ref>. Izao ny filazan' ny Ntaolo malagasy momba ny lahatra: * ''Ny mazoto no nambinina ka ny kamo avy koa no milaza ho miandry lahatra.'' === Ny fivavahana amin' i Zanahary na amin' ny Zanahary sy ny fatahoran' ny Ntaolo azy === Andriamanitra lavitra ny olombelona i [[Zanahary]] (na ny Zanahary) ka atahorany, tsy antsoiny raha tsy amin' ny antony manokana, na raha tsy matahotra na tsy manana razana iraisana aminy ny olona mifaninona amin' ny tena. Hita taratra amin' ny [[ohabolana]] sy ny fomba fiteny malagasy izany finoan' ny Ntaolo an' i Zanahary (na ny Zanahary) izany. Matetika dia tsy maintsy ampiarahina amin' ny [[fitokavana]] ny razana ny fiantsoana Zanahary, azo antsoina tsy misy fanononana Zanahary anefa ny razana. == Ny razana == Ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]] dia ireo olona efa maty nefa heverina ho hery mpanao soa eo amin' ny fiainan' ny velona, izay heverina fa afaka mitahy sy miaro ny olona mbola velona izay ankasitrahany na manasazy izay olona tsy ankasitrahany. === Ireo zavatra aorina enti-maneho fanajana ny razana === ==== Ny fasana ==== Ny [[fasana]] dia ilay zavatra naorina mba hiarovana ny toerana nandevenana na nanafenana ny maty. Io no toerana hita maso izay sady mampahatsiahy ny fahafatesana no mampifandray ny tontolon' ny velona sy ny tontolon' ny maty koa. Ao no itoeran' ny razana amin' ny androny sisa rehetra. ==== Ny hazomanga ==== Ny [[hazomanga]] dia tsato-kazo roa na telo mifanakaiky, atsatoka amin' ny toerana iray, izay atao hanatanterahana fianianana na sorona na fitsofan-drano. Ny mpitan-kazomanga (izay atao hoe mpisorona koa) no miandraikitra ny fikarakarana ny zavatra atao eo amin' ny hazomanga. Famantarana ny maha iray firazanana na iray [[Fianakaviana (fomba malagasy)|fianakaviana]] ny hazomanga. [[Sary:Alo alo three sizes madagascar.JPG|vignette|Aloalo]] ==== Ny aloalo ==== Ny [[aloalo]] dia zavakanto vita amin' ny hazo, misy sary vaosokitra maneho ny sombin-tantaram-pianinana, na ny zavatra tian' ilay olona maty fony fahavelony, na ny fananan-karenan' ny maty (fananana omby indindraindrindra), na ny toerany teo amin' ny fiarahamonina. Eny amin' ny fasana no ametrahana ny aloalo any amin' ny faritra [[Mahafaly]] sy amin' ny faritra [[Androy]]. ==== Ny tsangambato ==== Ny [[tsangambato]] dia vato aorina ho solom-pasan' ny olona tsy hita faty, maty tamin' ny ady na tamin' ny antony hafa. Misy koa ny miantso azy io hoe [[orimbato]] na [[vatolahy]]. Arakaraka ny faritra eto Madagasikara dia mety tsy hitovy hevitra ireo teny telo ireo. Ny tsangambato koa dia enti-manamarika ny zava-nitranga lehibe teo amin' ny tantaran' ny fanjakà-mpanjaka na ny foko iray. === Ny fivavahana amin' ny razana === Ny [[fivavahana amin' ny razana]] dia fivavahana amin' ny fanahin'ny maty. Manam-pifandraisana hentitra amin' ny fahafantarana ny tetiaran' ny taranaka tany aloha ny fivavahana amin' ny razana. ==== Ny fanajana ny fady ==== Ny [[fady]] dia ireo zavatra raràna tsy azo tanterahina araka ny fepetra napetraky ny fomba amam-panao. Araka ny finoana dia vokatry ny hery tsy hita maso sady mifandray amin’ ny fivavahana amin' ny razana ny fady. Izay manota fady dia heverina ho maloto sy manohintohina ny filaminana ara-panahin' ny fiarahamonina. Aseho amin' ny alalan' ny fanajana ny fady koa ny fivavahana amin' ny razana. Inoana fa ny fanehoam-panajana ny razana amin' ny alalan' ny fanajana ny fady dia mahatonga ny razana hitahy ny velona. ==== Ny fanaovana sorona ==== Ny [[sorona]] dia fomba tanterahina hanomezana haja na ho enti-mifona na mangata-pitahiana amin' i Zanahary na ny razana, ka matetika famonoana biby toy ny omby no atao. Ny [[mpisorona]] na ny [[mpitan-kazomanga]] no mitarika izany fomba izany, izay atrehin' ny sokajin' olona voakasika na ny olona rehetra, arakaraka ny zavatra mitranga. Ny famonoana omby atao sorona no fomba anehoana ny fanajana ny razana na ampitsaharana ny fahatezeran' izy ireo. Azo atao koa ny maneho fanajana ny razana amin' ny alalan' ny fanidinana [[toaka]] avy amin' ny tavoahangy vao nosokafana, atao amin' ny zoro avaratra-atsinanan' ny trano mba hanomezana ny anjarany. ==== Ny fanaovana famadihana ==== Tsapa amin' ny alalan' ny fomba fanao momba ny fasana ny fivavahana amin' ny razana, ka ny any afovoan-tany dia manatanteraka ny [[famadihana]]. Ahatsiarovana ireo razana sy ivorian' ny fianakaviana sy ny mpiara-monina ny famadihana ary anaovana lanonana. ==== Ny fankalazana ny fitampoha ==== Ny [[fitampoha]] dia fampandroana ireo sisan-javatra avy amin' ny vatan' ny mpanjaka efa maty, izay tanterahin' ny Malagasy [[sakalava]] any amin' ny faritra Menabe, isaky ny dimy taona mandritra ny fito andro, mba hahatsiarovana ireo mpanjaka sakalava. === Ny fisehoan' ny razana sy ny fanatrehany === ==== Ny nofy ==== Rehefa te hiresaka amin' ny velona ny razana dia matetika miseho amin' ny [[nofy]], ka amin' izany no ilazany ny hafatra tsy voalazany fahavelony na anamafisany izany, amin' izany koa no anambaràny ny zavatra tiany hatao aminy na tsy tiany hatao aminy, amin' izany no ilazany ny tokony hatao amin' ny fananana na taranaka navelany. ==== Ny tsindrimandry ==== Ny [[Tsindrimandry (fivavahana)|tsindrimandry]] dia ny fampidirana hevitra ataon' ny razana ao an-tsain' ny olona mba hahalalany ny tokony hatao na ny tokony hambara amin' ny velona. Tsy miseho ny fanahin' ny razana mandritra izany fa ny eritreritr' ilay olona voatsindrimandry no mahatsapa zavatra. Ninoan' ny Ntaolo fa afaka manindry mandry koa i Zanahary na ny zanahary. ==== Ny fanatrehan' ny razana amin' ny alalan' ny tromba ==== Ny [[tromba]] dia fanahin' ireo mpanjaka tany aloha izay mbola manohy ny fanapahany amin' ny velona amin' ny alalan' ny findramany ny tenan' ny olona iray mbola velona. Miteny amin' ny alalan' io olona misy tromba io ny fanahin' ny mpanjaka. Any amin' ny faritra [[sakalava]] no tena ahitana izany nefa miely eran' ny Nosy ihany koa izany finoana izany. Antsa sy tehaka aman' amponga sy angorodao izay atao handihizan' ilay olona misy tromba sady hitokavana ilay fanahy mba hiditra ao aminy. ==== Ny fisehoan' ny angatra ==== Ny [[angatra]] na [[matoatoa]] dia fisehoan' ny fanahin' ny olona maty amin' ny velona, indrindra ny fanahin' ny razana tsy nisy mpikarakara na tsy mankasitraka ny fomba fandraisan' ny velona azy. Tsy tian' ny Malagasy ny mahita na mifanena amin' angatra. Ny fisian' ny angatra dia mety ho tsapa amin' ny fahatsiarovana hatsiaka hafahafa na fitambesaran' ny vatana na ny entana tampoka na amin' ny fahitana afo (izay atao hoe "afon' angatra" na "afon-dolo"). Mety hampijaly ny olona matory ny angatra amin' ny alalan' ny fanindriany azy sy ny fampitahorany azy. Misy ny olona izay inoana fa mahay [[Mpamoha angatra|mamoha angatra]] hiresaka amin' ny havany. ==== Ny fambara ==== Inoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy koa ny fisian' ny [[Fambara (finoana)|fambara]] izay tsy inona fa zava-mitranga tsapan' ny olona (hita maso na ren' ny sofina sns) ka manampy azy hahalala mialoha ny zavatra hitranga amin' ny hoavy akaiky na lavitra. Mety ho zava-tsoa no hitranga nefa matetika dia zava-dratsy no ahenoana ny teny hoe ''fambara'', toy ny hoe ''fambara loza''. Tsy voatery ho ny razana ihany no mandefa fambara fa mety ho i Zanahary na ny fanahy hafa rehetra. == Ny zavatra sy fanahy hafa inoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy fa misy == Ankoatra an' i Zanahary (na ny Zanahary) sy ny razana dia maro ireo fanahy tsy hita maso inoan' ny Ntaolo fisiana. ==== Ny fanahim-bazimba ==== Ny [[Vazimba]] dia lazain' ny lovantsofina fa olona fohy nonina tany afovoan' ny Nosy sady nivavahan' ny olona ny fasany taty aoriana. Misy anefa ireo milaza fa olona tahaka ny Malagasy ankehitriny ihany ny Vazimba (ka soratana hoe ''Vazimba''). Atao hoe vazimba ihany koa ny fanahiny sy ny fasany. Amin' ny maha olombelona ny Vazimba dia inoan' ny Ntaolo ny fitohizan' ny fahaveloman' ny fanahiny, ka izany no antony anajana ny fasany. Ohabolana momba ny Vazimba: * ''Harem-bery foana, toy ny menaka ahoso-Bazimba.'' * ''Misakaiza amim-Bazimba malahelo; ka ny akoholahy lany, ny fitahiana tsy misy.'' * ''Miteny irery toy ny miresaka amim-Bazimba'' * ''Ny adala no manitsa-Bazimba, ka ny lehibe no aolanolany.'' * ''Ny kibobo no mena maso dia miresaka amim-Bazimba.'' ==== Ny kalanoro ==== Ny [[kalanoro]] dia zavamananaina mitovitovy amin' ny olona fa kely madinika sy fohy izay mivelona any anaty ala. Malaza ho mahay fanafody ny kalanoro. Ankehitriny dia inoan' ny olona fa azo tezaina ny kalanoro mba hampanan-karena. ==== Ny kokolampo ==== Ny [[kokolampo]] na koko dia zavamananaina mitovitovy amin' ny olona, karazan' ny kalanoro. Mety ho tsara fanahy na ho ratsy fanahy ny kokolampo. Tsy hita maso ny kokolampo nefa hita ny asany sy ny vokatr' izany. Tiany ny miompy [[akoho]] mainty na [[osy]] mainty, dia ireo osy na akoho omen' ny olona mangataka [[fitahiana]] aminy na mangataka [[fifonana]] aminy. Tian' ny kokolampo ny vilany vy sy ny [[arina]]. Raha mitsitokotoko mitambatra toy ny nirandrana ny volon' ny zazakely (izay tsy nokasihin-drano sady tsy nohetezana) dia lazaina fa noradranin-koko. ==== Ny tromba ==== Ny [[tromba]] dia ny fanahin' ny razana (indrindra ny an' ireo mpanjaka taloha) sy ny fipetrahan' izy ireo ao amin' ny olona iray mbola velona izay lazaina fa misy tromba. == Ny fitaovana sy fanao hita maso manan-kasina == === Ny zavatra hita maso manan-kasina manokana === [[Sary:Sampy talisman idol Madagascar.jpg|vignette|Sampy]] ==== Ny sampy ==== Ny [[Sampy (malagasy)|sampy]] dia tapa-javatra natambatra azo tsapain-tanana izay inoana fa mananan-kasina, izay mihazona ny fahasalamana sy ny fahavokarana ary ny fandriam-pahalemana. Matetika ny mpanjaka no lazaina fa manana sampy. Ninoana ho miaro ny mpiara-monina manontolo ny sampy. Amin' ny ankapobeny dia tahirizina amin' ny toerana manokana ka tsy afindrafindra ny sampy, nefa misy ireo izay azon' ny tompony enti-madehandeha. ==== Ny ody ==== Ny [[ody]] dia tapa-kazo na tapa-javatra hafa izay ninoan' ny Ntaolo fa manankery hitondra ny soa sy hiaro amin' ny loza. Karazana sampy isam-batan' olona ny ody, ka ninoana fa miaro na manome hery ny olona mitondra na miravaka azy. Ny olona avy amin' ny saranga rehetra dia afaka mitahiry ody. Mety ho tsara ny ody (tahaka ireo izay ampiasain' ny [[ombiasa]] mpanasitrana), nefa koa mety ho ratsy (tahaka izay ampiasain' ny [[Mpamosavy (finoana malagasy)|mpamosavy]]). ==== Ny faditra ==== Ny [[faditra]] dia zavatra ratsy ahodin' ny sasany amin' ny tena na momba ny [[Fanandroana malagasy|tononandro]] ka tokony ho sakanana na esorina amin' ny alanan'ny [[fanalana faditra]]. Ny karazam-borona (toy ny akoholahy mena, ny akoho mainty tokam-bolo sns) na ny [[ondry]] mazava loha, na ny singa avy amin' ny [[zavamaniry]] (toy ny tapakazo, ny bozaka, ny ahitra) na zavatra hafa (toy ny orana, sns) dia azo ampiasaina hanalana faditra. Atao ny ala faditra raha toa ka misy zavatra mifanipaka, toy ny [[Vintana|vintan]]' ny olona roa tsy mifanentana fa mifanohitra. === Ny fanao ahafahana mamanta-javatra === [[Sary:Ombiasa.jpg|vignette|Ombiasa]] ==== Ny fanandroana ==== Ny [[fanandroana malagasy|fanandroana]] dia fandinihana sy fampiharana ny fifandraisan' ny fotoana ahaterahan' ny olona iray na ny fotoana isehoan' ny zavatra iray ampifandraisina amin' ny toerana sy ny toetran' ny [[Volana]] sy ny [[Antokon-kintana|kintana]] ary ny [[masoandro]] sy zavatra hafa toy ny zoro sy ny [[lafin-tany]]. Ny vintana no singa manan-danja indrindra amin' ny fanandroana. Tsy ny fotoana ihany no sahanin' ny fanandroana malagasy fa ny erana sy ny zavaboary hafa koa. ==== Ny sikidy ==== Ny [[Sikidy malagasy|sikidy]] dia fahaizana mikirakira voan-javatra (voam-[[Fany (zavamaniry)|pany]], vaoan-[[tsaramaso]], voan-[[kily]], sns) na tapa-javatra maro (ahitra, rantsan-kazo, sns) na [[fasika]] izay ahalalana ny zavatra tsy atrehina (ny lasa sy ny hoavy indrindra indrindra) na manazava ny antony nisian-javatra iray. ==== Ny fanambaràna ny hevitry ny nofy ==== Misy koa olona inoan' ny mpiara-belona fa mahay manambara ny hevitry ny [[nofy]]. Matetika dia ny ombiasa no misahana izany asa [[fanambaràna ny hevitry ny nofy]] izany. == Ny toetra sy toeran' ny olombelona sy ny zavaboary == === Ny hasina === Ny [[hasina]] dia hery tsy hita maso ananan' ny [[olombelona]] sy ny [[zavaboary]] hafa izay afaka manova ny fiainan' ny olombelona manam-pifandraisana amin' izay manana azy (izany hoe manana hasina). Misy sokajin' olona izay heverina fa manan-kasina kokoa noho ny ankamaroan' ny olombelona, dia ny [[andriana]], ny [[Fanandroana|mpanandro]] sy ny [[mpisikidy]], ary ny [[mpitan-kazomanga]]. Inoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy fa avy amin' i Zanahary sy ny razana ny hasina. Mety ho very na ho lefy ny hasina raha misy ny [[ota fady]] mahakasika izany. Misy koa fomba atao mba hampanan-kasina ny zavatra iray, ohatra ny [[fanasinana]] ny sikidy. === Ny vintana === Inoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy fa mamaritra ny toetra sy ny hoavin' ny olona ateraka na ny zavatra atao sy ny manodidina izay rehetra izany ny [[Vintana (finoan-drazana malagasy)|vintana]] nefa azo ovana izany amin' ny alalan' ny [[Fisoronana sy fanalana vintana|fanalana vintana]] raha ratsy ka atahorana hitera-doza io vintan-dratsy io. Ilazana ny [[Anjara (finoana)|anjara]] soa na ratsy miankina amin' ny tonon' andro nahaterahana ny vintana. == Ny fivavahan-drazana malagasy sy ny fivavahana hafa == === Ny fivavahan-drazana malagasy sy ny finoana silamo === Efa tany amin' ny taonjato faha-7 tany ho any no nahatohgavan' ny [[finoana silamo]] sy ny [[Arabo (vahoaka)|Arabo]] teto [[Madagasikara]] nefa tsy noraisin' ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|Malagasy]] afa-tsy amin' ny ampahany ny kolontsainy sy ny finoany. Izany no niteraka ny fisian' ny Malagasy nandray tapany ny kolontsaina mozilmana, sy [[Sinkretisma|nanafangaro]] izany amin' ny kolontsaina nentim-paharazana malagasy, indrindra momba ny fivavahana sy ny finoana. Ireo izay nitondra ny fivavahana silamo voalohany teto Madagasikara dia lasa nanatevina ny vahoaka malagasy (ny razamben' ny [[Antemoro]] sy ny [[Antanosy|Tanosy]] ary ny maro hafa koa). Na dia nitombo aza ny mpanaraka ny fivavahana silamo taty aoriana dia tsy nisy loatra ny fifanandremana na ny fifanenjehana teo amin' ny mpino ao aminy sy ny mpandala ny fomban-drazana malagasy. === Ny fivavahan-drazana malagasy sy ny kristianisma === Ny [[katôlisisma]] dia efa nisy nitondra teto amin' ny Nosy hatramin' ny faran' ny taonjato faha-16. Tsy nahitam-pahombiazana kely izany raha tsy tany amin' ny taona 1642. Ny misiônera [[Prôtestantisma|prôtestanta]] avy amin' ny [[London Missionary Society|''London Missionary Society'']] (LMS) no nahomby tamin' ny fampidirana voalohany ny fivavahana kristiana tamin' ny taona 1818. Tsy mbola nisy anefa ny fanenjehana ny [[kristianisma]] satria ny fandrosoana nentin' ireo misiônera no navesa-danja tamin' ny mpanjaka [[Radama I]]. Tamin' ny andron' ny mpanjakavavy [[Ranavalona I]] no niharihary amin' izay ny fanenjahana ny fivavahana kristiana satria fatra-pifikitra amin' ny fivavahan-drazana ny mpanjakavavy. ==== Fifanandrenana ==== Hatramin' ny fiandohan' ny [[Kristianisma eto Madagasikara|fivavahana kristiana]] teto [[Madagasikara]] no nisian' ny fifanandrenana teo aminy sy ny fivavahan-drazana malagasy. Ny Kristiana milaza fa asan' ny [[devoly]] na asan' ny maizina ny fivavahan-drazana malagasy fa ny mpandala ny fivavahan-drazana kosa miampanga ny Kristiana ho mpanimbazimba ny zavatra navelan' ireo nahitany masoandro sady mivavaka amin' ny "razam-bazaha". Teo amin' ny tantara dia i [[Ranavalona I]] no nalaza tamin' ny fiarovana ny fivavahan-drazana manoloana ny kristianisma izay niteraka fanenjehana mamaivay ny mpanaraka ity farany. Rehefa maty [[Ranavalona I]] dia nahazo laka amin' izay ny fivavahana kristiana izay lasa [[fivavaham-panjakana]] tao amin' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]]. Mahery vaika ny fanoheran' ny Kristiana ny fivavahana amin' ny [[Sampy (malagasy)|sampy]], ny [[Fivavahana amin' ny razana|fivavahana amin' ny]] [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]], ny finoana ny [[tromba]] sns, indrindra eo amin' ny fiangonana prôtestanta (ao amin' ny sehatry ny [[Fifohazana (kristianisma malagasy)|fifohazana]]) sy [[Evanjelisma eto Madagasikara|evanjelika]]. == Jereo koa == * [[Fivavahana eto Madagasikara]] * [[Kolontsaina malagasy]] * [[Fivavahana amin' ny razana]] * [[Fanandroana malagasy]] * [[Sikidy malagasy]] * [[Foko eto Madagasikara]] * [[Fifohazana (kristianisma malagasy)]] == Loharano == <references /> [[Sokajy:Fiangonana ao Madagasikara]] [[Sokajy:Kolontsaina malagasy]] lfoil412pgsg3om4yhmeoeh5yqpdjry 1091912 1091911 2024-11-22T17:11:07Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanatsara rafi-pehezanteny 1091912 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Ombiasa bag.jpg|vignette|298x298px|Odin' ny ombiasa]] Ny '''fivavahan-drazana malagasy''' na ny '''finoan-drazana malagasy''' dia [[fivavahana]] sy [[finoana]] narahin' ny [[Ntaolo]] malagasy, ka tafiditra ao amin' ny [[kolontsaina]] nentin-drazana malagasy, sady mifototra indrindra amin' ny fivavahana amin' ny [[Zanahary]] sy ny fanahin' ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]] ary ny fanajana ny [[Fady (malagasy)|fady]]. Miovaova isam-paritra ny endriky ny fivavahan-drazana malagasy noho ny fisian' ny singa hafa manampy ireo efa voatanisa etsy aloha ireo. Mihoatra ny 52&nbsp;%n' ny mponina no manaraka ny fivavahan-drazana<ref><small>"[https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2014religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2014&dlid=238232#wrapper International Religious Freedom Report for 2014]" [[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2014religiousfreedom%2Findex.htm%3Fyear%3D2014%26dlid%3D238232%23wrapper tahiry]], sur ''www.state.gov'' (notsidihina ny 06 Marsa 2018)</small></ref> izay fivavahana manantitra ny fifandraisan' ny velona sy ny maty ([[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]]). [[Sary:Dominant_Religions_in_Africa.jpg|vignette|320x320px|Ny fivavahana aty [[Afrika]]]] Ireto avy ny zavatra [[Finoana|inoan]]' ny Malagasy mandala ny fivavahan-razana ho manana ny hasiny: ny [[Sampy (malagasy)|sampy]], ny [[ody]], ny [[hazomanga]], ny [[vatolahy]], ny karazan-kazo sasany, ny karazam-biby sasany (toy ny [[omby]]). Ireto ny zavatra tsy hita maso nefa inoany fisiana: ny Zanahary, ny fanahin' ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]], ny [[kalanoro]], ny [[tromba]], ny [[avelo]], ny [[matoatoa]]. Mba ho fanajana an' ireo fanahy ireo dia manatanteraka [[fanatitra]] sy [[sorona]], ny Ntaolo malagasy. Ho fanajana ireo havany efa maty dia manao [[Famadihana|famadihan-drazana]] na manao [[asa lolo]] ny Malagasy. Ny misahana ny fandraharahana ny fifandraisana amin' ireo fanahy tsy hita maso ireo dia ny [[mpisorona]], ny [[mpitan-kazomanga]], ny [[ombiasa]] sy ny maro hafa koa. Inoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy ho manana hery miafina manimba ny [[Mosavy|mpamosavy]]. Manatona [[Fanandroana malagasy|mpanandro]] koa ny Malagasy, izay mino ny fisian' ny atao hoe [[vintana]], raha hanao zavatra mba hahaizany ny fotoana mety anatanterahany ny zavatra kasainy hatao sy ny fombafomba tokony hatao, ka mety misy ny [[ala faditra]]. Manatona [[Sikidy|mpisikidy]] koa ny Ntaolo malagasy raha te hahafantatra ny marina ny amin' ny zava-mitranga eo amin' ny fiainany. Ao koa ireo manatona olona misy [[tromba]]. == Ny olombelona == === Ny fiaviany === ==== Noarîn' i Zanahary ny olombelona ==== Mino ny Ntaolo malagasy fa noarîn' i [[Zanahary]] (na noarîn' ny Zanahary) ny olombelona. Mino ihany koa izy fa tsy mitsahatra amin' ny [[fahariana]] ny fifandraisan' i Zanahary (na ny Zanahary) sy ny olombelona fa mitohy amin' ny alalan' ny fanampiany ny mpanao soa sy ny fanamelohany ny ratsy ataon' ny olombelona. ==== Tokana ny razambe voalohany nipoiran' ny olombelona ==== Na dia fantatry ny Ntaolo malagasy fa samy manana ny fihodirany sy ny fiteniny sy ny fombany ny olombelona, dia hita taratra eo amin' ny [[fedrà]] sy ny oha-pitenenan' ny Ntaolo ny fiheverana ny olombelona rehetra ho nipoitra tamin' ny razambe tokana. Hoy ny ohabolan' izy ireo manao hoe: "Ladim-boatavo ny olombelona ka raha fotorana dia iray ihany". === Ny fiainany === ==== Tsy mahavita tena ny olombelona ==== Mila ny fitahiana sy ny fiarovan' ny fanahy hafa ankoatra an' i Zanahary (na ny Zanahary) izay lavitra loatra ny Ntaolo malagasy, ka ny voalohany amin' ireo dia ny [[Fanahin' ny vatana|fanahi]]<nowiki/>n' ny razana. ==== Samy manana ny anjarany ny olombelona ==== Samy manana ny [[Anjara (finoana)|anjarany]] avy amin' i Zanahary ny olona na ny vondron' olona tsirairay. Ny anjara dia zavatra soa na ratsy inoana ho avy amin' Andriamanitra. Ny anjara dia ilazana ny zavatra tsy azo ihodivirana sady lehibe toy ny loza, ny [[fahafatesana]], sns. Mifandray ihany ny anjara sy ny [[vintana]] sy ny [[lahatra]], ka izany no ahenoana ny hoe "anjara vintana". Hoy ny Ntaolo: * ''[[Anjara (finoana)|Anjara]]<nowiki/>n' ny mpanan-karena ny milamin-tokantrano, fa tsy mba anay malahelo''. * ''Manana anjara ratsy, toy ny [[fantaka]]: manompo, vao vaky loha.'' * ''[[Tanalalahy]] misarotro mainandro: manakona ny anjara-masoandron' ny tena''. * ''Tsy mandidy alohan' Andriamanitra aho, fa izay zara-[[Vintana (finoan-drazana malagasy)|vintana]] lolohavina''. * ''Tsy misy nivavaka niankandrefana, fa samy nianavaratra ihany; fa ny harena mila vintana, ka raha tsy anjara, tsy tonga.'' === Toetra ara-panahin' ny olombelona === Ny teny hoe ''fanahy'' dia ampiasaina amin' ny [[fiteny malagasy]] ankehitriny, izay azo avy amin' ny [[Kristianisma|fivavahana kristiana]], hilazana zavatra manan-tsitrapo nefa tsy mety hitan' ny olombelona (fanahy, ohatra [[Andriamanitra (finoan-drazana malagasy)|Andriamanitra]], ny angatra, sns). Tamin' ny Ntaolo malagasy kosa, ny fanahy dia zavatra na toetra ao amin' ny [[olombelona]] izay mampahatsiaro tena azy, mahatonga azy hieritreritra, sady mampiavaka ny olona amin' ny biby amin' ny lafiny fitondran-tena. ==== Ny avelo ==== Ny [[avelo]] dia karazana [[fanahy]] ambanimbany tsy dia maharitra ela Ioatra aorian' ny [[fahafatesana]], izay azo heverina ho fototry ny hery mahavelona fotsiny ny [[olombelona]] na ny [[biby]]<ref><small>"Avelo", in Rajemisa-Raolison, ''Rakibolana malagasy'', 1985.</small> </ref>. ==== Ny ambiroa ==== Ny [[ambiroa]] dia singa ara-panahy izay inoan' ny [[Ntaolo]] fa maharitra aorian' ny fahafatesana. Mety hialan' ny ambiroany vetivety ny olona iray ka hanjary ho verivery hevitra na verivery tadidy. Miverina ao amin' ny olombelona ihany ny ambiroa rehefa avy niala tao. Ny tsy fiverenan' ny ambiroa dia miteraka fahafatesana. Azo atao araka izany ny manala ambiroa na mampody ambiroa ny olona iray. ==== Manana fanahy hiaina aorian' ny fahafatesan' ny vatana ==== Inoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy fa tsy maty miaraka amin' ny vatana ny fanahin' ny olombelona fa lasa afaka manohy ny fisiany ivelan' ny tontolon' ny velona. Mety miseho ao amin' ny tontolon' ny velona ny fanahin' ny razana, ka izany no mampisy ny [[tromba]] sy ny [[Angatra (lolo)|angatra]] sady itandremana ny zavatra nameperany. == I Zanahary sy ny zanahary == Andriamanitra na Zanahary, amin' ny Ntaolo malagasy, dia [[fanahy]] tsy misy toa azy, izay ninoany fa [[Famoronana (finoana sy fedrà)|nahary]] izao rehetra misy izao, ka anisan' izany ny olombelona. Maro koa ny zavatra ataon' ny Ntaolo malagasy hoe ''[[Zanahary (finoan-drazana malagasy)|zanahary]]'' na ''andriamanitra''. === Ny finoan' ny Ntaolo an' i Zanahary na ny zanahary === ==== Mpahary i Zanahary na ny zanahary ==== I Zanahary (na ny zanahary) dia [[Andriamanitra (anarana iombonana)|andriamanitra]] monina any an-danitra ao amin' ny [[fedrà]] malagasy. Heverina ho [[andriamanitra mpahary]]. Rehefa maty ny olombelona dia miakatra any an-danitra, any amin' i Zanahary, ny fanahiny. ==== Mandahatra amin' ny zava-drehetra i Zanahary na ny zanahary ==== Ninoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy fa i Zanahary (na ny zanahary) no mandahatra sy mandidy ny zavatra rehetra. Ny [[lahatra]] dia "fitondran' Andriamanitra na ny [[vintana]] mihatra amin' ny olombelona" <ref><small>"Lahatra"; in Regis Rajemisa-Raolisona, ''Rakibolana malagasy'', 1985.</small></ref>. Izao ny filazan' ny Ntaolo malagasy momba ny lahatra: * ''Ny mazoto no nambinina ka ny kamo avy koa no milaza ho miandry [[Lahatra (finoana malagasy)|lahatra]].'' === Ny fivavahana amin' i Zanahary na amin' ny Zanahary sy ny fatahoran' ny Ntaolo azy === Andriamanitra lavitra ny olombelona i [[Zanahary]] (na ny Zanahary) ka atahorany, tsy antsoiny raha tsy amin' ny antony manokana, na raha tsy matahotra na tsy manana razana iraisana aminy ny olona mifaninona amin' ny tena. Hita taratra amin' ny [[ohabolana]] sy ny fomba fiteny malagasy izany finoan' ny Ntaolo an' i Zanahary (na ny Zanahary) izany. Matetika dia tsy maintsy ampiarahina amin' ny [[fitokavana]] ny razana ny fiantsoana Zanahary, azo antsoina tsy misy fanononana Zanahary anefa ny razana. == Ny razana == Ny [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]] dia ireo olona efa maty nefa heverina ho hery mpanao soa eo amin' ny fiainan' ny velona, izay heverina fa afaka mitahy sy miaro ny olona mbola velona izay ankasitrahany na manasazy izay olona tsy ankasitrahany. === Ny zavatra aorina enti-maneho fanajana ny razana === ==== Ny fasana ==== Ny [[fasana]] dia ilay zavatra naorina mba hiarovana ny toerana nandevenana na nanafenana ny maty. Io no toerana hita maso izay sady mampahatsiahy ny fahafatesana no mampifandray ny tontolon' ny velona sy ny tontolon' ny maty koa. Ao no itoeran' ny razana amin' ny androny sisa rehetra. ==== Ny hazomanga ==== Ny [[hazomanga]] dia tsato-kazo roa na telo mifanakaiky, atsatoka amin' ny toerana iray, izay atao hanatanterahana fianianana na sorona na fitsofan-drano. Ny mpitan-kazomanga (izay atao hoe mpisorona koa) no miandraikitra ny fikarakarana ny zavatra atao eo amin' ny hazomanga. Famantarana ny maha iray firazanana na iray [[Fianakaviana (fomba malagasy)|fianakaviana]] ny hazomanga. [[Sary:Alo alo three sizes madagascar.JPG|vignette|Aloalo]] ==== Ny aloalo ==== Ny [[aloalo]] dia zavakanto vita amin' ny hazo, misy sary vaosokitra maneho ny sombin-tantaram-pianinana, na ny zavatra tian' ilay olona maty fony fahavelony, na ny fananan-karenan' ny maty (fananana omby indindraindrindra), na ny toerany teo amin' ny fiarahamonina. Eny amin' ny fasana no ametrahana ny aloalo any amin' ny faritra [[Mahafaly]] sy amin' ny faritra [[Androy]]. ==== Ny tsangambato ==== Ny [[tsangambato]] dia vato aorina ho solom-pasan' ny olona tsy hita faty, maty tamin' ny ady na tamin' ny antony hafa. Misy koa ny miantso azy io hoe [[orimbato]] na [[vatolahy]]. Arakaraka ny faritra eto Madagasikara dia mety tsy hitovy hevitra ireo teny telo ireo. Ny tsangambato koa dia enti-manamarika ny zava-nitranga lehibe teo amin' ny tantaran' ny fanjakà-mpanjaka na ny foko iray. === Ny fivavahana amin' ny razana === Ny [[fivavahana amin' ny razana]] dia fivavahana amin' ny fanahin'ny maty. Manam-pifandraisana hentitra amin' ny fahafantarana ny tetiaran' ny taranaka tany aloha ny fivavahana amin' ny razana. ==== Ny fanajana ny fady ==== Ny [[fady]] dia ireo zavatra raràna tsy azo tanterahina araka ny fepetra napetraky ny fomba amam-panao. Araka ny finoana dia vokatry ny hery tsy hita maso sady mifandray amin’ ny fivavahana amin' ny razana ny fady. Izay manota fady dia heverina ho maloto sy manohintohina ny filaminana ara-panahin' ny fiarahamonina. Aseho amin' ny alalan' ny fanajana ny fady koa ny fivavahana amin' ny razana. Inoana fa ny fanehoam-panajana ny razana amin' ny alalan' ny fanajana ny fady dia mahatonga ny razana hitahy ny velona. ==== Ny fanaovana sorona ==== Ny [[sorona]] dia fomba tanterahina hanomezana haja na ho enti-mifona na mangata-pitahiana amin' i Zanahary na ny razana, ka matetika famonoana biby toy ny omby no atao. Ny [[mpisorona]] na ny [[mpitan-kazomanga]] no mitarika izany fomba izany, izay atrehin' ny sokajin' olona voakasika na ny olona rehetra, arakaraka ny zavatra mitranga. Ny famonoana omby atao sorona no fomba anehoana ny fanajana ny razana na ampitsaharana ny fahatezeran' izy ireo. Azo atao koa ny maneho fanajana ny razana amin' ny alalan' ny fanidinana [[toaka]] avy amin' ny tavoahangy vao nosokafana, atao amin' ny zoro avaratra-atsinanan' ny trano mba hanomezana ny anjarany. ==== Ny fanaovana famadihana ==== Tsapa amin' ny alalan' ny fomba fanao momba ny fasana ny fivavahana amin' ny razana, ka ny any afovoan-tany dia manatanteraka ny [[famadihana]]. Ahatsiarovana ireo razana sy ivorian' ny fianakaviana sy ny mpiara-monina ny famadihana ary anaovana lanonana. ==== Ny fankalazana ny fitampoha ==== Ny [[fitampoha]] dia fampandroana ireo sisan-javatra avy amin' ny vatan' ny mpanjaka efa maty, izay tanterahin' ny Malagasy [[sakalava]] any amin' ny faritra Menabe, isaky ny dimy taona mandritra ny fito andro, mba hahatsiarovana ireo mpanjaka sakalava. === Ny fisehoan' ny razana sy ny fanatrehany === ==== Ny nofy ==== Rehefa te hiresaka amin' ny velona ny razana dia matetika miseho amin' ny [[nofy]], ka amin' izany no ilazany ny hafatra tsy voalazany fahavelony na anamafisany izany, amin' izany koa no anambaràny ny zavatra tiany hatao aminy na tsy tiany hatao aminy, amin' izany no ilazany ny tokony hatao amin' ny fananana na taranaka navelany. ==== Ny tsindrimandry ==== Ny [[Tsindrimandry (fivavahana)|tsindrimandry]] dia ny fampidirana hevitra ataon' ny razana ao an-tsain' ny olona mba hahalalany ny tokony hatao na ny tokony hambara amin' ny velona. Tsy miseho ny fanahin' ny razana mandritra izany fa ny eritreritr' ilay olona voatsindrimandry no mahatsapa zavatra. Ninoan' ny Ntaolo fa afaka manindry mandry koa i Zanahary na ny zanahary. ==== Ny fanatrehan' ny razana amin' ny alalan' ny tromba ==== Ny [[tromba]] dia fanahin' ireo mpanjaka tany aloha izay mbola manohy ny fanapahany amin' ny velona amin' ny alalan' ny findramany ny tenan' ny olona iray mbola velona. Miteny amin' ny alalan' io olona misy tromba io ny fanahin' ny mpanjaka. Any amin' ny faritra [[sakalava]] no tena ahitana izany nefa miely eran' ny Nosy ihany koa izany finoana izany. Antsa sy tehaka aman' amponga sy angorodao izay atao handihizan' ilay olona misy tromba sady hitokavana ilay fanahy mba hiditra ao aminy. ==== Ny fisehoan' ny angatra ==== Ny [[angatra]] na [[matoatoa]] dia fisehoan' ny fanahin' ny olona maty amin' ny velona, indrindra ny fanahin' ny razana tsy nisy mpikarakara na tsy mankasitraka ny fomba fandraisan' ny velona azy. Tsy tian' ny Malagasy ny mahita na mifanena amin' angatra. Ny fisian' ny angatra dia mety ho tsapa amin' ny fahatsiarovana hatsiaka hafahafa na fitambesaran' ny vatana na ny entana tampoka na amin' ny fahitana afo (izay atao hoe "afon' angatra" na "afon-dolo"). Mety hampijaly ny olona matory ny angatra amin' ny alalan' ny fanindriany azy sy ny fampitahorany azy. Misy ny olona izay inoana fa mahay [[Mpamoha angatra|mamoha angatra]] hiresaka amin' ny havany. ==== Ny fambara ==== Inoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy koa ny fisian' ny [[Fambara (finoana)|fambara]] izay tsy inona fa zava-mitranga tsapan' ny olona (hita maso na ren' ny sofina sns) ka manampy azy hahalala mialoha ny zavatra hitranga amin' ny hoavy akaiky na lavitra. Mety ho zava-tsoa no hitranga nefa matetika dia zava-dratsy no ahenoana ny teny hoe ''fambara'', toy ny hoe ''fambara loza''. Tsy voatery ho ny razana ihany no mandefa fambara fa mety ho i Zanahary na ny fanahy hafa rehetra. == Ny zavatra sy fanahy hafa inoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy fa misy == Ankoatra an' i Zanahary (na ny Zanahary) sy ny razana dia maro ireo fanahy tsy hita maso inoan' ny Ntaolo fisiana. ==== Ny fanahim-bazimba ==== Ny [[Vazimba]] dia lazain' ny lovantsofina fa olona fohy nonina tany afovoan' ny Nosy sady nivavahan' ny olona ny fasany taty aoriana. Misy anefa ireo milaza fa olona tahaka ny Malagasy ankehitriny ihany ny Vazimba (ka soratana hoe ''Vazimba''). Atao hoe vazimba ihany koa ny fanahiny sy ny fasany. Amin' ny maha olombelona ny Vazimba dia inoan' ny Ntaolo ny fitohizan' ny fahaveloman' ny fanahiny, ka izany no antony anajana ny fasany. Ohabolana momba ny Vazimba: * ''Harem-bery foana, toy ny menaka ahoso-Bazimba.'' * ''Misakaiza amim-Bazimba malahelo; ka ny [[akoholahy]] lany, ny fitahiana tsy misy.'' * ''Miteny irery toy ny miresaka amim-Bazimba'' * ''Ny adala no manitsa-Bazimba, ka ny lehibe no aolanolany.'' * ''Ny [[kibobo]] no mena maso dia miresaka amim-Bazimba.'' ==== Ny kalanoro ==== Ny [[kalanoro]] dia zavamananaina mitovitovy amin' ny olona fa kely madinika sy fohy izay mivelona any anaty ala. Malaza ho mahay fanafody ny kalanoro. Ankehitriny dia inoan' ny olona fa azo tezaina ny kalanoro mba hampanan-karena. ==== Ny kokolampo ==== Ny [[kokolampo]] na koko dia zavamananaina mitovitovy amin' ny olona, karazan' ny kalanoro. Mety ho tsara fanahy na ho ratsy fanahy ny kokolampo. Tsy hita maso ny kokolampo nefa hita ny asany sy ny vokatr' izany. Tiany ny miompy [[akoho]] mainty na [[osy]] mainty, dia ireo osy na akoho omen' ny olona mangataka [[fitahiana]] aminy na mangataka [[fifonana]] aminy. Tian' ny kokolampo ny vilany vy sy ny [[arina]]. Raha mitsitokotoko mitambatra toy ny nirandrana ny volon' ny zazakely (izay tsy nokasihin-drano sady tsy nohetezana) dia lazaina fa noradranin-koko. ==== Ny tromba ==== Ny [[tromba]] dia ny fanahin' ny razana (indrindra ny an' ireo mpanjaka taloha) sy ny fipetrahan' izy ireo ao amin' ny olona iray mbola velona izay lazaina fa misy tromba. == Ny fitaovana sy fanao hita maso manan-kasina == === Ny zavatra hita maso manan-kasina manokana === [[Sary:Sampy talisman idol Madagascar.jpg|vignette|Sampy]] ==== Ny sampy ==== Ny [[Sampy (malagasy)|sampy]] dia tapa-javatra natambatra azo tsapain-tanana izay inoana fa mananan-kasina, izay mihazona ny fahasalamana sy ny fahavokarana ary ny fandriam-pahalemana. Matetika ny mpanjaka no lazaina fa manana sampy. Ninoana ho miaro ny mpiara-monina manontolo ny sampy. Amin' ny ankapobeny dia tahirizina amin' ny toerana manokana ka tsy afindrafindra ny sampy, nefa misy ireo izay azon' ny tompony enti-madehandeha. ==== Ny ody ==== Ny [[ody]] dia tapa-kazo na tapa-javatra hafa izay ninoan' ny Ntaolo fa manankery hitondra ny soa sy hiaro amin' ny loza. Karazana sampy isam-batan' olona ny ody, ka ninoana fa miaro na manome hery ny olona mitondra na miravaka azy. Ny olona avy amin' ny saranga rehetra dia afaka mitahiry ody. Mety ho tsara ny ody (tahaka ireo izay ampiasain' ny [[ombiasa]] mpanasitrana), nefa koa mety ho ratsy (tahaka izay ampiasain' ny [[Mpamosavy (finoana malagasy)|mpamosavy]]). ==== Ny faditra ==== Ny [[faditra]] dia zavatra ratsy ahodin' ny sasany amin' ny tena na momba ny [[Fanandroana malagasy|tononandro]] ka tokony ho sakanana na esorina amin' ny alanan'ny [[fanalana faditra]]. Ny karazam-borona (toy ny akoholahy mena, ny akoho mainty tokam-bolo sns) na ny [[ondry]] mazava loha, na ny singa avy amin' ny [[zavamaniry]] (toy ny tapakazo, ny bozaka, ny ahitra) na zavatra hafa (toy ny orana, sns) dia azo ampiasaina hanalana faditra. Atao ny ala faditra raha toa ka misy zavatra mifanipaka, toy ny [[Vintana|vintan]]' ny olona roa tsy mifanentana fa mifanohitra. === Ny fanao ahafahana mamanta-javatra === [[Sary:Ombiasa.jpg|vignette|Ombiasa]] ==== Ny fanandroana ==== Ny [[fanandroana malagasy|fanandroana]] dia fandinihana sy fampiharana ny fifandraisan' ny fotoana ahaterahan' ny olona iray na ny fotoana isehoan' ny zavatra iray ampifandraisina amin' ny toerana sy ny toetran' ny [[Volana]] sy ny [[Antokon-kintana|kintana]] ary ny [[masoandro]] sy zavatra hafa toy ny zoro sy ny [[lafin-tany]]. Ny vintana no singa manan-danja indrindra amin' ny fanandroana. Tsy ny fotoana ihany no sahanin' ny fanandroana malagasy fa ny erana sy ny zavaboary hafa koa. ==== Ny sikidy ==== Ny [[Sikidy malagasy|sikidy]] dia fahaizana mikirakira voan-javatra (voam-[[Fany (zavamaniry)|pany]], vaoan-[[tsaramaso]], voan-[[kily]], sns) na tapa-javatra maro (ahitra, rantsan-kazo, sns) na [[fasika]] izay ahalalana ny zavatra tsy atrehina (ny lasa sy ny hoavy indrindra indrindra) na manazava ny antony nisian-javatra iray. ==== Ny fanambaràna ny hevitry ny nofy ==== Misy koa olona inoan' ny mpiara-belona fa mahay manambara ny hevitry ny [[nofy]]. Matetika dia ny ombiasa no misahana izany asa [[fanambaràna ny hevitry ny nofy]] izany. == Ny toetra sy toeran' ny olombelona sy ny zavaboary == === Ny hasina === Ny [[hasina]] dia hery tsy hita maso ananan' ny [[olombelona]] sy ny [[zavaboary]] hafa izay afaka manova ny fiainan' ny olombelona manam-pifandraisana amin' izay manana azy (izany hoe manana hasina). Misy sokajin' olona izay heverina fa manan-kasina kokoa noho ny ankamaroan' ny olombelona, dia ny [[andriana]], ny [[Fanandroana|mpanandro]] sy ny [[mpisikidy]], ary ny [[mpitan-kazomanga]]. Inoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy fa avy amin' i Zanahary sy ny razana ny hasina. Mety ho very na ho lefy ny hasina raha misy ny [[ota fady]] mahakasika izany. Misy koa fomba atao mba hampanan-kasina ny zavatra iray, ohatra ny [[fanasinana]] ny sikidy. === Ny vintana === Inoan' ny Ntaolo malagasy fa mamaritra ny toetra sy ny hoavin' ny olona ateraka na ny zavatra atao sy ny manodidina izay rehetra izany ny [[Vintana (finoan-drazana malagasy)|vintana]] nefa azo ovana izany amin' ny alalan' ny [[Fisoronana sy fanalana vintana|fanalana vintana]] raha ratsy ka atahorana hitera-doza io vintan-dratsy io. Ilazana ny [[Anjara (finoana)|anjara]] soa na ratsy miankina amin' ny tonon' andro nahaterahana ny vintana. == Ny fivavahan-drazana malagasy sy ny fivavahana hafa == === Ny fivavahan-drazana malagasy sy ny finoana silamo === Efa tany amin' ny taonjato faha-7 tany ho any no nahatohgavan' ny [[finoana silamo]] sy ny [[Arabo (vahoaka)|Arabo]] teto [[Madagasikara]] nefa tsy noraisin' ny [[Malagasy (vahoaka)|Malagasy]] afa-tsy amin' ny ampahany ny kolontsainy sy ny finoany. Izany no niteraka ny fisian' ny Malagasy nandray tapany ny kolontsaina mozilmana, sy [[Sinkretisma|nanafangaro]] izany amin' ny kolontsaina nentim-paharazana malagasy, indrindra momba ny fivavahana sy ny finoana. Ireo izay nitondra ny fivavahana silamo voalohany teto Madagasikara dia lasa nanatevina ny vahoaka malagasy (ny razamben' ny [[Antemoro]] sy ny [[Antanosy|Tanosy]] ary ny maro hafa koa). Na dia nitombo aza ny mpanaraka ny fivavahana silamo taty aoriana dia tsy nisy loatra ny fifanandremana na ny fifanenjehana teo amin' ny mpino ao aminy sy ny mpandala ny fomban-drazana malagasy. === Ny fivavahan-drazana malagasy sy ny kristianisma === Ny [[katôlisisma]] dia efa nisy nitondra teto amin' ny Nosy hatramin' ny faran' ny taonjato faha-16. Tsy nahitam-pahombiazana kely izany raha tsy tany amin' ny taona 1642. Ny misiônera [[Prôtestantisma|prôtestanta]] avy amin' ny [[London Missionary Society|''London Missionary Society'']] (LMS) no nahomby tamin' ny fampidirana voalohany ny fivavahana kristiana tamin' ny taona 1818. Tsy mbola nisy anefa ny fanenjehana ny [[kristianisma]] satria ny fandrosoana nentin' ireo misiônera no navesa-danja tamin' ny mpanjaka [[Radama I]]. Tamin' ny andron' ny mpanjakavavy [[Ranavalona I]] no niharihary amin' izay ny fanenjahana ny fivavahana kristiana satria fatra-pifikitra amin' ny fivavahan-drazana ny mpanjakavavy. ==== Fifanandrenana ==== Hatramin' ny fiandohan' ny [[Kristianisma eto Madagasikara|fivavahana kristiana]] teto [[Madagasikara]] no nisian' ny fifanandrenana teo aminy sy ny fivavahan-drazana malagasy. Ny Kristiana milaza fa asan' ny [[devoly]] na asan' ny maizina ny fivavahan-drazana malagasy fa ny mpandala ny fivavahan-drazana kosa miampanga ny Kristiana ho mpanimbazimba ny zavatra navelan' ireo nahitany masoandro sady mivavaka amin' ny "razam-bazaha". Teo amin' ny tantara dia i [[Ranavalona I]] no nalaza tamin' ny fiarovana ny fivavahan-drazana manoloana ny kristianisma izay niteraka fanenjehana mamaivay ny mpanaraka ity farany. Rehefa maty [[Ranavalona I]] dia nahazo laka amin' izay ny fivavahana kristiana izay lasa [[fivavaham-panjakana]] tao amin' ny [[Fanjakan' Imerina]]. Mahery vaika ny fanoheran' ny Kristiana ny fivavahana amin' ny [[Sampy (malagasy)|sampy]], ny [[Fivavahana amin' ny razana|fivavahana amin' ny]] [[Razana (finoana malagasy)|razana]], ny finoana ny [[tromba]] sns, indrindra eo amin' ny fiangonana prôtestanta (ao amin' ny sehatry ny [[Fifohazana (kristianisma malagasy)|fifohazana]]) sy [[Evanjelisma eto Madagasikara|evanjelika]]. == Jereo koa == * [[Fivavahana eto Madagasikara]] * [[Kolontsaina malagasy]] * [[Fivavahana amin' ny razana]] * [[Fanandroana malagasy]] * [[Sikidy malagasy]] * [[Foko eto Madagasikara]] * [[Fifohazana (kristianisma malagasy)]] == Loharano == <references /> [[Sokajy:Fiangonana ao Madagasikara]] [[Sokajy:Kolontsaina malagasy]] bjzuohvk5jzbizbdlsrqb4euheeajz4 Mandrare 0 279054 1091917 1078596 2024-11-23T04:54:11Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanitatra vontoatiny 1091917 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Rijeka-Mandrare.png|vignette]] [[Sary:Rivers of southern Madagascar OSM.png|vignette|306x306px]] '''I Mandrare''' dia onin' [[Madagasikara]] ao amin' ny [[faritra Anosy]], ao amin' ny [[faritanin' i Toliara]], izay mivarina any amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]], ao akaikin' [[Amboasary-Atsimo|Amboasary Atsimo]]. Maina i Mandrare amin' ny volana sasany ao amin' ny taona. I Manambovo sy i Mananara ary [[Ikonda]] no renirano manompo azy. Tamin' ny taona 1957, teo akaikin' Amboasary Atsimo dia nisy tetezana vy mirefy 414 m, izay novolavolain' ny Anciens Etablissements Eiffel. == Jereo koa == * [[Lisitry ny renirano eto Madagasikara]] {{reflist}} {{Renirano malagasy}} [[Sokajy:Reniranon'i Madagasikara]] [[Sokajy:Reniranon'i Faritra Anosy]] 7tud696syp090cirpmzcagb4py14dm6 Manambovo 0 279096 1091914 1063589 2024-11-23T04:48:29Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanatsara rafi-pehezanteny 1091914 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Rivers of southern Madagascar OSM.png|vignette|358x358px]] I '''Manambovo''' dia onin' i [[Madagasikara]] any amin' ny [[faritra Androy]], mandalo ny [[Distrikan'i Tsiombe|distrikan' i Tsiombe]], manompo azy ny renirano Jafary, Ifanoroky, Behara ary Sahamasy, ary mivarina any amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]] amin' ny farany. == Jereo koa == * [[Lisitry ny renirano eto Madagasikara]] [[Sokajy:Faritra Androy]] [[Sokajy:Reniranon'i Madagasikara]] qatv4f6vrxvs1ctn4iq2k11ullrr3hb 1091915 1091914 2024-11-23T04:51:38Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanitsy rohy 1091915 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Rivers of southern Madagascar OSM.png|vignette|358x358px]] I '''Manambovo''' dia onin' i [[Madagasikara]] any amin' ny [[faritra Androy]], mandalo ny [[distrikan' i Tsiombe]], manompo azy ny renirano Jafary, Ifanoroky, Behara ary Sahamasy, ary mivarina any amin' ny [[Ranomasimbe Indiana]] amin' ny farany. == Jereo koa == * [[Lisitry ny renirano eto Madagasikara]] [[Sokajy:Faritra Androy]] [[Sokajy:Reniranon'i Madagasikara]] 02fei02hrjrwiom969abnm99oqem0yn Honahona 0 279712 1091891 1091890 2024-11-22T12:00:56Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanitsy tsipelina 1091891 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Florida freshwater swamp usgov image.jpg|vignette|Honahona ao [[Florida]], any [[Etazonia]]]] Ny '''honahona''' dia velaran-tany misy [[zavamaniry]] amin' ny ampahany sady ahitana [[heniheny]]. Velaran-tany mando misy rakotra [[Kirihitrala|kirihitra]] amin' ny ampahany ny honahona. Noho izany dia faritra mando sy anirian-kazo, izay mety hifandraika amin' ny rafitra tontolo iainana maro, toy ny <u>tamba-javamaniry manodididina</u> <u>renirano</u>, [[ala honko]], <u>tamba-javamaniry an-drenirabno</u> (''bayou''), <u>alan-konahona</u> (''carr''), sns., na faritra misy zavamaniry amin' ny faritra tondrahan-drano matetika toy ny [[ala honko]], sns. Mety ho [[ranomamy]], [[rano masirasira]], na [[rano masira]] ny rano ao anaty honahona. Hita eran' izao tontolo izao, manamorona ny [[ony]] lehibe toa an' i [[Amazôna]], i [[Mississippi]] ary [[Congo (ony)|Congo]], ny sasany amin' ny honahona lehibe indrindra. Ao amin' ny honahona, ny hazo sasany indraindray dia nampifanaraka ny fakany amin' ny zava-misy ka mamoaka ny fakany ivelan' ny tany mba ho afaka mifoka rivotra. Honahona maro no hita manamorona ny [[renirano]] lehibe izay mianikina indrindra amin' ny fiovaovan' ny haavon' ny rano. Misy honahona hafa dia hita eny amoron' ny [[farihy]] lehibe. Misy tany maina mandroso ao anatiny izay rakotra zavamaniry anaty rano, na zavamaniry mahazaka [[tondra-drano]] na fahavontoan' ny tany, ny honahona sasany. == Teny malagasy == === Teny mitovitovy hevitra === * ''Heniheny'': "Tany ihandronan' ny ranoka manjary honahona sy feno ahitra; tany lava volo tsy ialan-drano ka manjary fotaka mandrevo.<ref><small>Rajemisa-Raolison Régis, "Heniheny" ao amin' ny ''Rakibolana malagasy'', Ambozontany. Antananarivo, 1985.</small></ref>" == Jereo koa == '''Ranomasira''' * [[Ranomasina]] * [[Hoala]] * [[Helodrano]] * [[Andilan-dranomasina]] '''Ranovory''' * [[Farihy]] * [[Dobo]] * [[Heniheny]] * [[Honahona]] * [[Riakasia]] '''Ranomandeha''' * [[Renirano]] * [[Ony]] * [[Sakelidrano]] * [[Loharano]] * [[Voambolan' ny jeôgrafia]] == Loharano sy fanamarihana == 8zvd2ovqd9z4bxx0cx2jx7oiuncrhdc 1091901 1091891 2024-11-22T13:00:36Z Thelezifor 15140 Tsipelina 1091901 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Florida freshwater swamp usgov image.jpg|vignette|Honahona ao [[Florida]], any [[Etazonia]]]] Ny '''honahona''' dia velaran-tany misy [[zavamaniry]] amin' ny ampahany sady ahitana [[heniheny]]. Velaran-tany mando misy rakotra [[Kirihitrala|kirihitra]] amin' ny ampahany ny honahona. Noho izany dia faritra mando sy anirian-kazo, izay mety hifandraika amin' ny rafitra tontolo iainana maro, toy ny <u>tamba-javamaniry manodididina renirano</u>, [[ala honko]], <u>tamba-javamaniry an-drenirabno</u> (''bayou''), <u>alan-konahona</u> (''carr''), sns., na faritra misy zavamaniry amin' ny faritra tondrahan-drano matetika toy ny [[ala honko]], sns. Mety ho [[ranomamy]], [[rano masirasira]], na [[rano masira]] ny rano ao anaty honahona. Hita eran' izao tontolo izao, manamorona ny [[ony]] lehibe toa an' i [[Amazôna]], i [[Mississippi]] ary [[Congo (ony)|Congo]], ny sasany amin' ny honahona lehibe indrindra. Ao amin' ny honahona, ny hazo sasany indraindray dia nampifanaraka ny fakany amin' ny zava-misy ka mamoaka ny fakany ivelan' ny tany mba ho afaka mifoka rivotra. Honahona maro no hita manamorona ny [[renirano]] lehibe izay mianikina indrindra amin' ny fiovaovan' ny haavon' ny rano. Misy honahona hafa dia hita eny amoron' ny [[farihy]] lehibe. Misy tany maina mandroso ao anatiny izay rakotra zavamaniry anaty rano, na zavamaniry mahazaka [[tondra-drano]] na fahavontoan' ny tany, ny honahona sasany. == Teny malagasy == === Teny mitovitovy hevitra === * ''Heniheny'': "Tany ihandronan' ny ranoka manjary honahona sy feno ahitra; tany lava volo tsy ialan-drano ka manjary fotaka mandrevo.<ref><small>Rajemisa-Raolison Régis, "Heniheny" ao amin' ny ''Rakibolana malagasy'', Ambozontany. Antananarivo, 1985.</small></ref>" == Jereo koa == '''Ranomasira''' * [[Ranomasina]] * [[Hoala]] * [[Helodrano]] * [[Andilan-dranomasina]] '''Ranovory''' * [[Farihy]] * [[Dobo]] * [[Heniheny]] * [[Honahona]] * [[Riakasia]] '''Ranomandeha''' * [[Renirano]] * [[Ony]] * [[Sakelidrano]] * [[Loharano]] * [[Voambolan' ny jeôgrafia]] == Loharano sy fanamarihana == 4hvgedalw4o7whipwj0iiiyv7hrx4ji Ranomamy 0 285022 1091893 1064665 2024-11-22T12:19:56Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanisy rohy 1091893 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Шаманка.jpg|vignette|304x304px|Ny [[farihy]] ao amin' ny tanjona Burkhan.]] Ny '''ranomamy''' dia rano tsy misy [[sira]] na tena kely sira, mifanohitra amin' ny rano an-dranomasina sy ny rano masirasira. Ny ranon' [[orana]], ny rano avy amin' ny [[renirano]] na [[farihy]], ny rano ambanin' ny tany, ny [[ranomandry]], sns. Ny hasirany ambany dia ambany no anafahana ny misotro azy. Io no fepetra ilaina amin' ny fahafaha misotro azy. Ny ranomamy amin' ny ankapobeny dia misy vainga levona latsaky ny iray [[grama]] isaky ny [[litatra]] (toy ny sira, ny [[metaly]] ary ny otrikaina). Raha ampitahaina, ny rano an-dranomasina dia misy vainga levona mihoatra ny 30 ary ny serôma fiziôloôjika dia misy 9 g/litatra (0,9 %). == Jereo koa == * [[Rano masira]] * [[Rano masirasira]] * [[Ranon-dranomasina]] q2lewwrqkkpco7r8i8h6eu7pajzfmf6 1091894 1091893 2024-11-22T12:22:43Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanatsara rafi-pehezanteny 1091894 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Шаманка.jpg|vignette|304x304px|Ny [[farihy]] ao amin' ny tanjona Burkhan.]] Ny '''ranomamy''' dia rano tsy misy [[sira]] na tena kely sira, mifanohitra amin' ny rano an-dranomasina sy ny rano masirasira. Mety ho ranon' [[orana]], ny rano avy amin' ny [[renirano]] na [[farihy]], ny rano ambanin' ny tany, ny [[ranomandry]], sns ny ranomamy. Ny fananany fatran-tsira ambany dia ambany no ahafahana ny misotro azy. Misy singa hafa levona latsaky ny iray [[grama]] isaky ny [[litatra]] (toy ny sira, ny [[metaly]] ary ny otrikaina) ny ranomamy amin' ny ankapobeny. Raha ampitahaina, ny ranon-dranomasina dia misy vainga levona mihoatra ny 30 ary ny serôma fiziôlôjika dia misy 9 g/litatra (0,9 %). == Jereo koa == * [[Rano masira]] * [[Rano masirasira]] * [[Ranon-dranomasina]] fcwq34wehl15mnz5amg2ancuc4oe3wr Ranomafana (Tolagnaro) 0 285305 1091921 1091740 2024-11-23T05:00:34Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanatsara rafi-pehezanteny 1091921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox tanàna |anarana=Ranomafana (Tolognaro) |faritany=[[Faritanin'i Toliara|Toliara]] |faritra = [[Anosy]] |isam-ponina=15682 |velarantany = |firenena={{Madagasikara}} |sary = }} I '''Ranomafana''' dia [[Kaominina eto Madagasikara|kaominina ambanivohitra]] eto [[Madagasikara]] ao amin’ ny [[Distrikan' i Tolagnaro|distrikan’ i Tolagnaro]], izay ao anatin’ ny [[faritra Anosy]], [[Faritanin' i Toliara]]. Ny isan' ny mponina ao aminy dia 11&nbsp;000 eo ho eo tamin' ny fanisam-bahoaka natao tamin' ny taona 2001 fa 15&nbsp;682 izany araka ny faminavinana natao tamin'ny taona 2018.<ref>[https://madagascar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/resultat_globaux_rgph3_tome_02.pdf Recensement 2018]</ref>. Misy ny fampianarana ambaratonga voalohany sy ambaratonga faharoa ao an-tanàna. [[Fambolena|Mpamboly]] ny 75&nbsp;% amin' ny ankamaroan’ ny mponina ao amin’ ny kaominina, raha ny 20&nbsp;% fanampiny kosa no mivelona amin’ ny [[fiompiana]]. Ny [[Kafe (zavamaniry)|kafe]] sy ny [[vary]] no zava-bolena lehibe indrindra, ary ny vokatra ara-pambolena hafa dia ny [[Litisia|letisia]] sy ny [[mangahazo]]. Manome asa ho an' ny 3&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina ny serivisy. Ankoatra izany dia mampiasa ny 2&nbsp;% amin' ny mponina ny [[jono]]. Andalovan’ ny lalam-paritany RIP 118 avy any [[Soanierana (Taolanaro)|Soanierana]] mankany [[Bevoay]] ity kaominina ity. ==Rohy ivelany== {{reflist}} {{Anosy}} [[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]] [[Sokajy:Kaominina any Faritra Anosy]] 6lduk7mdx2hja4zr3scmg0nwl3ubch0 Sarajevo 0 288227 1091905 1091844 2024-11-22T15:50:42Z 41.213.235.225 1091905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|43|52|N|18|26|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Sarajevo |firenena= [[Bôsnia-Herzegôvina]] |isam-ponina=424.646 |velarantany=141.5 |ben'ny tanàna= |sary=Academy_of_fine_art_and_Festina_lente.jpg |saina=Flag_of_Sarajevo.svg }} I '''Sarajevo''' dia tanàna renivohitra [[Bôsnia-Herzegôvina]]. == Jereo koa == * [[Bôsnia-Herzegôvina]] == Lahatsoratra Ilaina == [[de:Sarajevo]] {{ref}} {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:Tanàna ao Bôsnia-Herzegôvina]] [[Sokajy:Bosnia sy Herzegovina]] [[Sokajy:Renivohitra any Eoropa]] jynolqlitq7atty494pm85y9mjucvzq Rano masirasira 0 290009 1091892 2024-11-22T12:17:26Z Thelezifor 15140 Rano misy sira ambany kokoa noho ny ranon-dranomasina. 1091892 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''rano masirasira''' dia [[rano]] misy sira ambany kokoa noho ny [[ranon-dranomasina]]. Amin' ny ankapobeny dia eo anelanelan' ny 1 g/l ka hatramin' ny 10 g/l ny fitambaran' ny sira levona raha 35 g/l kosa (eo ho eo) ny an' ny ranon-dranomasina. Heverin' ny firenena [[Anglô-Saksôna (vahoaka)|anglô-saksôna]] ho masirasira ny rano rehefa eo anelanelan' ny 0,05&nbsp;% sy 1,8&nbsp;% ny sira ao aminy, na hatramin' ny 3&nbsp;% amin' ny tranga sasany. Antsoina hoe [[ranomamy]] ny rano misy sira kely kokoa noho ireo fatra voafaritra ireo. Amin' ny ankapobeny dia mipoitra avy amin' ny fielezan' ny ranon-dranomasina vokatry ny tsy fahavakisan' ny fefilohan-dranomasina. == Jereo koa == * [[Rano masira]] * [[Ranomamy]] 1tgph3kocqqx5iv43i4jbtehfm5dt61 Ranon-dranomasina 0 290010 1091895 2024-11-22T12:32:54Z Thelezifor 15140 Rano misy sira mampiavaka ny ranomasina sy ny ranomasimbe eto amin' ny Tany 1091895 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''ranon-dranomasina''' na '''rano an-dranomasina''' dia [[rano]] misy [[sira]] mampiavaka ny [[ranomasina]] sy ny [[ranomasimbe]] eto amin' ny [[Tany]]. Lazaina fa "masira" izy io satria misy sira levona, voaforon' ny iôna, indrindra ny iôna halôzeniora toy ny iôna klôriora sy ny iôna alkalinna toy ny iôna sôdiôma. Ao amin' ny ankamaroan' ny ranomasina sy ranomasimbe dia 30 ka hatramin' ny 40 g ny sira levona isaky ny ny ranon-dranomasina 1 kg, ka mifanohitra amin' ny [[ranomamy]], izay misy sira latsaky ny 1 g isaky ny ny ranon-dranomasina 1 kg. Ny hakitroky ny ranon-dranomasina dia eo amin' ny 1,025 g/ml eo ho eo, 2,5&nbsp;% ambony kokoa noho ny an' ny ranomamy (1 g/ml). 9fnhrurwdl3vu5mh3ehrhhs5ftr4dr8 1091897 1091895 2024-11-22T12:35:30Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanisy rohy 1091897 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''ranon-dranomasina''' na '''rano an-dranomasina''' dia [[rano]] misy [[sira]] mampiavaka ny [[ranomasina]] sy ny [[ranomasimbe]] eto amin' ny [[Tany]]. Lazaina fa "masira" izy io satria misy sira levona, voaforon' ny iôna, indrindra ny iôna halôzeniora toy ny iôna klôriora sy ny iôna alkalinna toy ny iôna sôdiôma. Ao amin' ny ankamaroan' ny ranomasina sy ranomasimbe dia 30 ka hatramin' ny 40 g ny sira levona isaky ny ny ranon-dranomasina 1 kg, ka mifanohitra amin' ny [[ranomamy]], izay misy sira latsaky ny 1 g isaky ny ny ranon-dranomasina 1 kg. Ny hakitroky ny ranon-dranomasina dia eo amin' ny 1,025 g/ml eo ho eo, 2,5&nbsp;% ambony kokoa noho ny an' ny ranomamy (1 g/ml). == Jereo koa == * [[Ranomamy]] * [[Rano masirasira]] * [[Rano masira]] rkpfktdjfjhegl7sg6ke9afbk0jxtc6 1091898 1091897 2024-11-22T12:37:45Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanisy rohy 1091898 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''ranon-dranomasina''' na '''rano an-dranomasina''' dia [[rano]] misy [[sira]] mampiavaka ny [[ranomasina]] sy ny [[ranomasimbe]] eto amin' ny [[Tany]]. Lazaina fa "masira" izy io satria misy sira levona, voaforon' ny iôna, indrindra ny iôna halôzeniora toy ny iôna klôriora sy ny iôna alkalinna toy ny iôna sôdiôma. Ao amin' ny ankamaroan' ny ranomasina sy ranomasimbe dia 30 ka hatramin' ny 40 g ny sira levona isaky ny ny ranon-dranomasina 1 kg, ka mifanohitra amin' ny [[ranomamy]], izay misy sira latsaky ny 1 g isaky ny ny ranon-dranomasina 1 kg. Ny [[Lanja isam-bentin-kadiry|lanja isam-bentin-kadiri]]<nowiki/>n' ny ranon-dranomasina dia eo amin' ny 1,025 g/ml eo ho eo, 2,5&nbsp;% ambony kokoa noho ny an' ny ranomamy (1 g/ml). == Jereo koa == * [[Ranomamy]] * [[Rano masirasira]] * [[Rano masira]] q7fad3nat6mdh4015h9itywc6041eb7 Rano an-dranomasina 0 290011 1091896 2024-11-22T12:34:00Z Thelezifor 15140 Fihodinana 1091896 wikitext text/x-wiki #FIHODINANA[[Ranon-dranomasina]] 6o723d99d5orxi2tqueud5dyoz4zpzd Lanja isam-bentin-kadiry 0 290012 1091899 2024-11-22T12:56:44Z Thelezifor 15140 Habe ara-pizika izay mamaritra ny lanjan' ny zaka iray isaky ny ventin-kadiry. 1091899 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''lanja isam-bentin-kadiry''' dia habe ara-pizika izay mamaritra ny [[lanja]]<nowiki/>n' ny zaka iray isaky ny ventin-[[Hadiry|kadiry]]. Izany dia mifanohitra amin' ny <u>hadiry isam-bentin-danja</u>. Ny [[Abidy grika|litera grika]] ''ρ'' (''rho'') na ''µ'' (''mu'') no evan' io habe fizika io. Ny fampiasana ireo litera ireo dia miankina amin' ny sehatra iasana. Na izany aza, ny Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM) dia misafidy ny tokony hampiasana ny ρ. Ny lanja isam-bentin-kadirin' ny zaka iray dia tsy tokony hafangaro amin' ny [[Hakitroka|hakitrok]]' io zaka io, ity farany ity dia ny tahan' ny anja isam-bentin-kadirin' ny zaka iray amin' ny an' ny [[rano]] (ho an' ny zaka [[Vainga|mivaingana]] na [[ranoka]]) na amin' ny an' ny [[rivotra]] (ho an' ny [[etona]]). Ny lanja isam-bentin-kadirin' ny rano dia 1 g/sm<sup>3</sup> amin' ny maripana 3,98&nbsp;°C, ny hakitroky ny vainga na ranoka dia aseho amin' ny isa mitovy amin' ny an' ny lanja isam-bentin-kadiriny amin' ny g/sm3 na amin' ny kg/l. Ohatra, mitovy ny filazana fa 0,79 ny hakitroky ny etanôly na 0,79 g/sm<sup>3</sup> ny lanja isam-bentin-kadiriny. Izany dia miteraka fampifangaroana matetika eo amin' ny hevitra momba ny lanja isam-bentin-kadiry sy ny hakitroka. g0mjykorn2ljhhztxvdun9dos9c0ne1 1091900 1091899 2024-11-22T12:58:54Z Thelezifor 15140 Rohy 1091900 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''lanja isam-bentin-kadiry''' dia habe ara-pizika izay mamaritra ny [[lanja]]<nowiki/>n' ny zaka iray isaky ny ventin-[[Hadiry|kadiry]]. Izany dia mifanohitra amin' ny <u>hadiry isam-bentin-danja</u>. Ny [[Abidy grika|litera grika]] ''ρ'' (''rho'') na ''µ'' (''mu'') no evan' io habe fizika io. Ny fampiasana ireo litera ireo dia miankina amin' ny sehatra iasana. Na izany aza, ny Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM) dia misafidy ny tokony hampiasana ny ρ. Ny lanja isam-bentin-kadirin' ny zaka iray dia tsy tokony hafangaro amin' ny [[Hakitroka|hakitrok]]' io zaka io, ity farany ity dia ny tahan' ny anja isam-bentin-kadirin' ny zaka iray amin' ny an' ny [[rano]] (ho an' ny zaka [[Vainga|mivaingana]] na [[ranoka]]) na amin' ny an' ny [[rivotra]] (ho an' ny [[etona]]). Ny lanja isam-bentin-kadirin' ny rano dia 1 g/sm<sup>3</sup> amin' ny maripana 3,98&nbsp;°C, ny hakitroky ny vainga na ranoka dia aseho amin' ny isa mitovy amin' ny an' ny lanja isam-bentin-kadiriny amin' ny g/sm3 na amin' ny kg/l. Ohatra, mitovy ny filazana fa 0,79 ny hakitroky ny etanôly na 0,79 g/sm<sup>3</sup> ny lanja isam-bentin-kadiriny. Izany dia miteraka fampifangaroana matetika eo amin' ny hevitra momba ny lanja isam-bentin-kadiry sy ny hakitroka. == Jereo koa == * [[Lanja]] * [[Hadiry]] * [[Hakitroka]] gk23txhvyavzbrjc7hqfo2z3z0ek7i3 Madera 0 290013 1091907 2024-11-22T16:04:32Z Thelezifor 15140 nanova ny anaran'i [[Madera]] ho [[Madeira]] i Thelezifor 1091907 wikitext text/x-wiki #FIHODINANA [[Madeira]] m7szf7m5c3y25hpjl06fnvo4lgghdvr Ikonda 0 290014 1091916 2024-11-23T04:52:49Z Thelezifor 15140 Renirano any amin' ny Distrikan' Amboasary-Atsimo 1091916 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikonda''' dia renirano any amin' ny [[Distrikan' Amboasary-Atsimo]], [[Faritra Anosy]], izay manompo ny ony [[Mandrare]]. rrwohu2y5hhh5yvfw4kcoo3aofzkg8l Tahirin-javaboarin' i Berenty 0 290015 1091925 2024-11-23T05:52:13Z Thelezifor 15140 Tahirin-javaboary eto Madagasikara, any amin' ny Faritra Anosy 1091925 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Lemur catta 003.jpg|vignette|322x322px|Hira (Maky katta) ao amin ' ilay tahirin-javaboary]] Ny '''Tahirin-javabiarin' i Berenty''' (na '''réserve de Berenty''', amin' ny [[Fiteny frantsay|teny frantsay]]) dia [[tahirin-javaboary]] kely tantanin' ny tsy miankina, mirefy 200 ha, any amin' ny faran' ny atsimon' i [[Madagasikara]], adiny roa miala an' i Tôlanaro, ao avaratr' [[Amboasary-Atsimo]], ao amin' ny [[Ifotaka|Kaominina Ifotaka]], [[Faritra Anosy]]. Manamorona ny ony [[Mandrare]] ny toerana misy azy, ao amin' ny faritry ny ala mikitroka somary maina any amin' ny ilany atsimon' i [[Madagasikara]]. Io tahirin-javaboary io dia noforonina tamin' ny taona 1936. Ity tahiry ity, miaraka amin' i Bealoka sy i Rapily, dia ampahany amin' ny ala 1&nbsp;000 ha sisa tavela ao amin' ny fambolena taretra taloha nosahanin' ny Sisal de Henry de Heaulme. Toerana manan-danja hijerena ny karazam-borona tsy manam-paharoa toy ny ''Coua'', fa indrindra ny maky sy ny varika ([[Hira (maky)|maky hira]], ny [[sifaka]], sns) ilay tahiry. Nandritra ny telopolo taona mahery ny primatôlôga Alison Jolly (izay nanomboka ny fikarohana tao Berenty) sy mpikaroka hafa ary ny mpianatra dia nitsidika an' i Berenty mba hanao fikarohana ifotony momba ny maky sy ny sifaka. I Alison Jolly dia namoaka asasoratra maromaro momba ity tahirin-javaboary ity. Manana trano anaty ala fiantranoan' ny mpitsidika sy lalana voakarakara mankany amin' ny ala hojerena ilay tahirin-javaboary. Ity tahirin-javaboary ity no mahasarika mpitsidika betsaka indrindra raha mitaha amin' ny tahirin-javaboary hafa rehetra eto Madagasikara. Tonga izany rehefa nandeha fiara adiny roa avy any Tôlagnaro amin’ny morontsiraka atsimo atsinanana. {| class="wikitable" |+Lisitry ny karazana maky sy sifakahita ao Berenty !Fotoana ijerena azy !Karazana |- |Amin' ny andro | * [[Hira (maky)|Hira]] (''[[Hira (maky)|Lemur catta]]'') * Sifaka ''[[Propithecus verreauxi]]'' * ''[[Eulemur]]'': ''E. rufifrons'' x ''E. collaris'' (nampidirina tao) |- |Amin' ny alina | * ''[[Lepilemur leucopus]]'' * ''[[Microcebus murinus]]'' * ''[[Microcebus griseorufus]]'' * |} lygt5t3kawahmtqvq73ic0k1hhkhx5z 1091926 1091925 2024-11-23T06:05:38Z Thelezifor 15140 Loharano 1091926 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Berenty 001.jpg|vignette|338x338px|Fidirana ao amin' ny Tahirin-javaboarin' i Berenty]] Ny '''Tahirin-javabiarin' i Berenty''' (na '''réserve de Berenty''', amin' ny [[Fiteny frantsay|teny frantsay]]) dia [[tahirin-javaboary]] kely tantanin' ny tsy miankina, mirefy 200 ha, any amin' ny faran' ny atsimon' i [[Madagasikara]], adiny roa miala an' i Tôlanaro, ao avaratr' [[Amboasary-Atsimo]], ao amin' ny [[Ifotaka|Kaominina Ifotaka]], [[Faritra Anosy]]. Manamorona ny ony [[Mandrare]] ny toerana misy azy, ao amin' ny faritry ny ala mikitroka somary maina any amin' ny ilany atsimon' i [[Madagasikara]]. Noforonina tamin' ny taona 1936 io tahirin-javaboary io. Ity tahiry ity, miaraka amin' i Bealoka sy i Rapily, dia ampahany amin' ny ala 1&nbsp;000 ha sisa tavela ao amin' ny fambolena [[taretra]] taloha nosahanin' i [[Henry de Heaulme]]<ref><small>[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-34126-2_3 Berenty Reserve: A Research Site in Southern Madagascar] [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-0-387-34126-2_3 Arsiva]]</small></ref>. Toerana manan-danja hijerena ny karazam-borona tsy manam-paharoa toy ny ''[[Coua]]'', fa indrindra ny maky sy ny varika ([[Hira (maky)|maky hira]], ny [[sifaka]], sns) ilay tahiry. Nandritra ny telopolo taona mahery ny primatôlôga Alison Jolly (izay nanomboka ny fikarohana tao Berenty)<ref><small>''Lemur behavior: a Madagascar field study''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1964.</small></ref><ref><small>Mertl-Millhollen, AS; Gustafson, HL; Budnitz, N; Dainis, K; Jolly, A (1979). "Population and territory stability of Lemur catta at Berenty, Madagascar". ''Folia Primatologica''. 31 (1–2): 106–123.</small></ref><ref name=":0"><small>Jolly, A.; et al. (1982). "Population and troop ranges of Lemur catta and Lemur fulvus at Berenty, Madagascar: 1980 census". ''Folia Primatologica''. 39 (1–2): 115–123..</small></ref><ref name=":0" /><ref><small>Jolly, A.; et al. (1982). "Propithecus verreauxi population and ranging at Berenty, Madagascar: 1975 and 1980". ''Folia Primatologica''. 39 (1–2): 124–144.</small></ref> sy mpikaroka hafa<ref><small>Howarth, C.J.; et al. (1986). "Population Ecology of the Ring-tailed Lemur and the White Sifaka at Berenty, 1981". ''Folia Primatologica''. 47 (1): 39–48.</small></ref><ref><small>Wilson, Jane (1995). ''Lemurs of the Lost World''. Impact, London. p. 216.</small></ref> ary ny mpianatra dia nitsidika an' i Berenty mba hanao fikarohana ifotony momba ny maky sy ny sifaka. I [[Alison Jolly]] dia namoaka asasoratra maromaro momba ity tahirin-javaboary ity.[[Sary:Lemur catta 003.jpg|vignette|242x242px|Hira (Maky katta) ao amin ' ilay tahirin-javaboary]]Manana trano anaty ala fiantranoan' ny mpitsidika sy lalana voakarakara mankany amin' ny ala hojerena ilay tahirin-javaboary. Ity tahirin-javaboary ity no mahasarika mpitsidika betsaka indrindra raha mitaha amin' ny tahirin-javaboary hafa rehetra eto Madagasikara. Tonga izany rehefa nandeha fiara adiny roa avy any Tôlagnaro amin’ny morontsiraka atsimo atsinanana. {| class="wikitable" |+Lisitry ny karazana maky sy sifakahita ao Berenty<ref><small>Mittermeier, R.A.; Louis, E.E.; Richardson, M.; Schwitzer, C.; et al. (2010). ''[[:en:Lemurs_of_Madagascar_(book)|Lemurs of Madagascar]]''. Illustrated by S.D. Nash (3rd ed.). Conservation International. p. 640–644.</small></ref> !Fotoana ijerena azy !Karazana |- |Amin' ny andro | * [[Hira (maky)|Hira]] (''[[Hira (maky)|Lemur catta]]'') * Sifaka ''[[Propithecus verreauxi]]'' * ''[[Eulemur]]'': ''E. rufifrons'' x ''E. collaris'' (nampidirina tao) |- |Amin' ny alina | * ''[[Lepilemur leucopus]]'' * ''[[Microcebus murinus]]'' * ''[[Microcebus griseorufus]]'' * |} c4rb1tulln672n5lbkalieo8q0afbeu 1091927 1091926 2024-11-23T06:07:10Z Thelezifor 15140 1091927 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Berenty 001.jpg|vignette|338x338px|Fidirana ao amin' ny Tahirin-javaboarin' i Berenty]] Ny '''Tahirin-javabiarin' i Berenty''' (na '''réserve de Berenty''', amin' ny [[Fiteny frantsay|teny frantsay]]) dia [[tahirin-javaboary]] kely tantanin' ny tsy miankina, mirefy 200 ha, any amin' ny faran' ny atsimon' i [[Madagasikara]], adiny roa miala an' i Tôlanaro, ao avaratr' [[Amboasary-Atsimo]], ao amin' ny [[Ifotaka|Kaominina Ifotaka]], [[Faritra Anosy]]. Manamorona ny ony [[Mandrare]] ny toerana misy azy, ao amin' ny faritry ny ala mikitroka somary maina any amin' ny ilany atsimon' i [[Madagasikara]]. Noforonina tamin' ny taona 1936 io tahirin-javaboary io. Ity tahiry ity, miaraka amin' i Bealoka sy i Rapily, dia ampahany amin' ny ala 1&nbsp;000 ha sisa tavela ao amin' ny fambolena [[taretra]] taloha nosahanin' i [[Henry de Heaulme]]<ref><small>[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-34126-2_3 Berenty Reserve: A Research Site in Southern Madagascar] [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-0-387-34126-2_3 Arsiva]]</small></ref>. Toerana manan-danja hijerena ny karazam-borona tsy manam-paharoa toy ny ''[[Coua]]'', fa indrindra ny maky sy ny varika ([[Hira (maky)|maky hira]], ny [[sifaka]], sns) ilay tahiry. Nandritra ny telopolo taona mahery ny primatôlôga Alison Jolly (izay nanomboka ny fikarohana tao Berenty)<ref><small>''Lemur behavior: a Madagascar field study''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1964.</small></ref><ref><small>Mertl-Millhollen, AS; Gustafson, HL; Budnitz, N; Dainis, K; Jolly, A (1979). "Population and territory stability of Lemur catta at Berenty, Madagascar". ''Folia Primatologica''. 31 (1–2): 106–123.</small></ref><ref name=":0"><small>Jolly, A.; et al. (1982). "Population and troop ranges of Lemur catta and Lemur fulvus at Berenty, Madagascar: 1980 census". ''Folia Primatologica''. 39 (1–2): 115–123..</small></ref><ref name=":0" /><ref><small>Jolly, A.; et al. (1982). "Propithecus verreauxi population and ranging at Berenty, Madagascar: 1975 and 1980". ''Folia Primatologica''. 39 (1–2): 124–144.</small></ref> sy mpikaroka hafa<ref><small>Howarth, C.J.; et al. (1986). "Population Ecology of the Ring-tailed Lemur and the White Sifaka at Berenty, 1981". ''Folia Primatologica''. 47 (1): 39–48.</small></ref><ref><small>Wilson, Jane (1995). ''Lemurs of the Lost World''. Impact, London. p. 216.</small></ref> ary ny mpianatra dia nitsidika an' i Berenty mba hanao fikarohana ifotony momba ny maky sy ny sifaka. I [[Alison Jolly]] dia namoaka asasoratra maromaro momba ity tahirin-javaboary ity.[[Sary:Lemur catta 003.jpg|vignette|242x242px|Hira (Maky katta) ao amin ' ilay tahirin-javaboary]]Manana trano anaty ala fiantranoan' ny mpitsidika sy lalana voakarakara mankany amin' ny ala hojerena ilay tahirin-javaboary. Ity tahirin-javaboary ity no mahasarika mpitsidika betsaka indrindra raha mitaha amin' ny tahirin-javaboary hafa rehetra eto Madagasikara. Tonga any rehefa nandeha fiara adiny roa avy any [[Tolagnaro|Tôlagnaro]]. {| class="wikitable" |+Lisitry ny karazana maky sy sifakahita ao Berenty<ref><small>Mittermeier, R.A.; Louis, E.E.; Richardson, M.; Schwitzer, C.; et al. (2010). ''[[:en:Lemurs_of_Madagascar_(book)|Lemurs of Madagascar]]''. Illustrated by S.D. Nash (3rd ed.). Conservation International. p. 640–644.</small></ref> !Fotoana ijerena azy !Karazana |- |Amin' ny andro | * [[Hira (maky)|Hira]] (''[[Hira (maky)|Lemur catta]]'') * Sifaka ''[[Propithecus verreauxi]]'' * ''[[Eulemur]]'': ''E. rufifrons'' x ''E. collaris'' (nampidirina tao) |- |Amin' ny alina | * ''[[Lepilemur leucopus]]'' * ''[[Microcebus murinus]]'' * ''[[Microcebus griseorufus]]'' * |} h0wze1lwpz370yi8satmxbzq5c5kbdl