Wikipedia pcmwiki https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Pej MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4 first-letter Media Impotant Tok abaut am Yuza Yuza tok abaut am Wikipedia Wikipedia tok abaut am File File tok abaut am MediaWiki MediaWiki tok abaut am Templet Templet tok abaut am Hep Hep tok abaut am Katigori Katigori tok abaut am TimedText TimedText talk Modul Modul tok abaut am 0 2745 29340 29286 2024-11-23T22:53:00Z DuriSenyum 2105 /* Early life and education */ 29340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item= Q3595661}} Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi (إسماعيل راجي الفاروقي |Ismāʿīl Rājī al-Fārūqī; January 1, 1921 – May 27, 1986) na one Palestinian-American Muslim philosopher and scholar wey sabi well well for Islamic studies and interfaith waka (di kind discussion wey different religion people dey do). E don spend plenty time for Al-Azhar University wey dey for Cairo, come later teach for different university for North America, like McGill University for Montreal, Canada. Al-Faruqi na one big professor of religion for Temple University where e start and lead di Islamic Studies program. E still help start di International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). Al-Faruqi don write more than 100 articles and 25 books, like Christian Ethics: A Historical and Systematic Analysis of Its Dominant Ideas (1967) and Al-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life (1982), where e use take talk about Islamic thought, ethics, di concept of one God, and how different religions fit understand each other. == Biography == === Early life and education === Al-Faruqi na Jaffa, for British-mandate Palestine dem born am.<ref name="Yusuf2021">{{cite book |year=2021 |title=Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=IBT Books |editor=Imtiyaz Yusuf |page=3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="OxfordIslam">{{cite web |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095811314 |title=Faruqi, Ismail Raji al- (1986) |work=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford Reference |accessdate=2024-07-04 |language=en}}</ref> E papa, 'Abd al-Huda al-Faruqi, na Islamic judge (''qadi''). Al-Faruqi start e early Islamic education for house and for mosque wey dey nearby. Na e papa influence well well for how e take sabi Islam and for e early moral training.<ref name="Badri2014">{{cite journal |last=Badri |first=Malik |year=2014 |title=Psychological reflections on Ismail al-Faruqi's life and contributions |journal=The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=145–152|doi=10.35632/ajis.v31i2.1052 }}</ref> For 1936, e begin go French Dominican Collège des Frères de Jaffa.<ref name="Yusuf2021" /><ref name="Esposito2001">{{cite book |last1=Esposito |first1=John L. |last2=Voll |first2=John O. |title=Makers of Contemporary Islam |chapter=Ismail al-Faruqi |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=52–70 |language=en}}</ref> Later, al-Faruqi move go Beirut, Lebanon to continue e school for American University of Beirut (AUB). For AUB, al-Faruqi meet Arab nationalist movements plus Christian Arab nationalists like Constantin Zureiq, Nabih Amin Faris, and Nicola Ziadeh, wey make am begin like Arabism well well.<ref name="Badri2014" /> For AUB, dem make Christian missionary lectures and courses wey dey promote Western modern ideas compulsory, and all this ones sef follow help al-Faruqi develop e own beliefs.<ref name="Badri2014" /> In 1942, dem appoint am as registrar for cooperative societies under di [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate]] government for [[Jerusalem]]. For 1945, e become district governor for [[Galilee]].<ref name="OxfordIslam" /> After di 1948 [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|Arab-Israeli War]], e enter [[Indiana University]] to get im M.A. for [[philosophy]] with di thesis wey e title ''The Ethics of Reason and the Ethics of Life (Kantian and Nietzschean Ethics)'' for 1949.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Al-Faruqi |first=Isma'il Raji |year=1949 |title=The Ethics of Reason and the Ethics of Life (Kantian and Nietzschean Ethics) |type=Master's thesis |publisher=Indiana University |location=Bloomington | language=en}}</ref> E continue with another M.A. for philosophy from [[Harvard University]] for 1951 and complete im Ph.D. with thesis wey title ''On Justifying the Good'' from Indiana University for 1952.<ref name="PhDThesis">{{cite thesis |last=Al-Faruqi |first=Isma'il |title=On Justifying the Good |type=PhD thesis |year=1952 |publisher=Indiana University |location=Bloomington |language=en}}</ref> Na during dis time e meet and marry [[Lois Lamya al-Faruqi]]. For e master's thesis, al-Faruqi examine di ethics of [[Immanuel Kant]] and [[Friedrich Nietzsche]]. E early philosophical work na wetin e take lay foundation for di later critiques wey e go do for Western ethical systems and di development of Islamic ethical thought.<ref name="Zebiri35">{{Cite book |last=Zebiri |first=Kate | title=Muslims and Christians Face to Face |year=1997 |publisher=Oneworld Publications |location=Oxford |isbn=1851681337 |pages=35–37 | language=en}}</ref> For e doctoral thesis, al-Faruqi talk say values na absolute, dem dey self-existent and person fit sabi dem [[a priori]] through emotional intuition. E base e theories on [[Max Scheler]] own use of phenomenology and [[Nicolai Hartmann]] work for ethics.<ref>{{cite book |last=Scheler |first=Max |title=On the Eternal Man |year=1960 |publisher=SCM Press |location=London |translator=Bernard Noble}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Scheler |first=Max |title=Man's Place in Nature |year=1961 |publisher=Beacon Press |location=Boston}}</ref> Na e studies make am realize say without transcendent foundation, e go lead to moral relativism, wey make am begin look back to e Islamic heritage. Within six years of when e reach United States, al-Faruqi don recognize say e need to study Islam well well, na wetin make am go Egypt's Al-Azhar University from 1954 to 1958.<ref>{{cite book |year=2021 |title=Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=IBT Books |editor=Imtiyaz Yusuf |page=4}}</ref> By di time wey e comot from United States, al-Faruqi don develop new questions about moral obligations and e dey look how e fit join e intellectual pursuits with e Islamic identity.<ref name="Fletcher2014">{{cite book |last=Fletcher |first=Charles |title=Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Inter-faith Dialogue and the Work of Ismail Al-Faruqi |date=2014 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |location=United Kingdom |page=34}}</ref> === Academic career === For 1958, dem offer al-Faruqi visiting fellowship for [[McGill University]] Faculty of Divinity. E join di [[McGill University Institute of Islamic Studies|Institute of Islamic Studies]] through di invitation of di founder, [[Wilfred Cantwell Smith]], and e dey teach with Smith from 1958 to 1961.<ref name="Montreal">{{cite news |title=Islamic scholar slain in U.S. was figure in Montreal |last=Balfour |first=Clair |date=July 31, 1986 |work=The Gazette |location=Montreal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19860731&id=sBUyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DaYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3896,4415821}}</ref> During dis time, e study Christian theology and Judaism, wey make am sabi Pakistani philosopher [[Fazlur Rahman Malik|Fazlur Rahman]]. Fazlur Rahman observe say al-Faruqi immersion inside dem tradition under Smith mentorship help refine e comparative outlook for religious studies and interfaith dialogue.<ref name="Rahman1990">{{cite journal |last=Rahman |first=Fazlur |title=Palestine and My Experiences with the Young Faruqi: 1958 to 1963 |journal=Journal of Islamic Research |volume=4 |issue=4 |year=1990 |pages=295–300 |language=tr |translator=M. Hayri Kırbaşoğlu}}</ref><ref name="Zebiri42">{{Cite book |last=Zebiri |first=Kate |title=Muslims and Christians Face to Face |year=1997 |publisher=Oneworld Publications |location=Oxford |isbn=1851681337 |pages=42–44}}</ref> For 1961, Fazlur Rahman help arrange two-year appointment for al-Faruqi for di [[Islamic Research Institute|Central Institute of Islamic Research]] wey dey for [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]], where e serve as visiting professor till 1963.<ref name="Yusuf2021" /> Fazlur Rahman later talk say dis experience help al-Faruqi understand cultural diversity within Islam well well, wey later influence e theories on comparative religion and meta-religion.<ref name="Rahman1990"/><ref name="Zebiri90">{{Cite book |last=Zebiri |first=Kate |title=Muslims and Christians Face to Face |year=1997 |publisher=Oneworld Publications |location=Oxford |isbn=1851681337 |pages=90}}</ref><ref name="Siddiqui73">{{Cite book |last=Siddiqui |first=Ataullah | title=Christian-Muslim Dialogue in the Twentieth Century |year=1997 |publisher=Macmillan Press Ltd |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire and London |isbn=0333673581 |pages=73}}</ref> For 1964, al-Faruqi return to United States, where e hold two roles at di same time as visiting professor for [[University of Chicago]] Divinity School and as associate professor for [[Syracuse University]]. For 1968, al-Faruqi join [[Temple University]] as professor of religion, where e start di Islamic Studies Program and hold di position until e die for 1986.<ref name="Yusuf2014">{{cite journal |last=Yusuf |first=Imtiyaz |title=Ismail al-Faruqi's Contribution to the Academic Study of Religion |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=53 |issue=1/2 |pages=108–110 |date=Spring–Summer 2014 |publisher=Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad |jstor=44627369 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44627369}}</ref> During e time for Temple University, al-Faruqi mentor plenty students, including e first doctoral student, [[John Esposito]].<ref name="Quraishi1986">{{cite book |last=Quraishi |first=M. Tariq |title=Ismail al-Faruqi: An Enduring Legacy |date=1986 |publisher=MSA Publications |page=9}}</ref><ref name="AJISS">{{cite journal |title=Editorial |journal=The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences |volume=28 |issue=3 |year=2011 |pages=ii-xii}}</ref> === Death and burial === [[File:Faruqi-grave-tombstone.png|thumb|Shared grave marker of the Faruqis.]] For May 1986, Ismail al-Faruqi and e wife, Lois Lamya al-Faruqi, dem kill dem for their house for [[Wyncote, Pennsylvania]], by Joseph Louis Young, wey people also sabi as Yusuf Ali.<ref name="OxfordIslam" /> Young, wey get past connection with di local Muslim community, confess say na e commit di crime, dem sentence am to death, and e later die for prison of natural causes for 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/18/us/black-muslim-charges-in-slaying-of-islamic-scholar-and-his-wife.html|title=Black Muslim Charged in Slaying of Islamic Scholar and His Wife|date=January 18, 1987|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mcall.com/1987/07/08/confession-details-stalking-slaying-of-islamic-scholars/|title=Confession Details Stalking, Slaying Of Islamic Scholars|last=O'Bryan|first=Ruth|date=July 8, 1987|website=The Morning Call|access-date=May 13, 2018|archive-date=July 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702011159/http://articles.mcall.com/1987-07-08/news/2595065_1_confession-young-knife|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pointdebasculecanada.ca/inside-the-capitol-joseph-louis-young-dies-of-natural-causes-on-death-row/|title=Inside the Capitol (Joseph Louis Young dies of natural causes on death row)|last=Bell|first=Adam|date=March 11, 1996|website=The Patriot News}}</ref> Their daughter, Anmar el-Zein, wey get belle at dat time, survive multiple stab wounds and dem give her intensive medical treatment.<ref name="PhillyInquirer">{{Cite news |title=Statement Is Said to Back Religious-Attack Theory |first1=S. A. |last1=Paolantonio |first2=Paul |last2=Duggan |newspaper=Philadelphia Inquirer |date=1987-01-18 |page=A.8 |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1831221807|id={{ProQuest|1831221807}} }}</ref> Almost 4,000 people, including big international dignitaries, gather for Masjid Muhammad mosque for [[West Philadelphia]] to honor al-Faruqi and him wife. Di service get people wey talk good about al-Faruqi, remember am as big person and important member for di community.<ref name="PhiladelphiaInquirer">{{cite news |last=Eshleman Jr. |first=Russell E. |title=4,000 Mourners Pray For The Soul Of Slain Islamic Scholar And Wife |url=http://articles.philly.com/1986-05-31/news/26052072_1_islamic-spirit-mosque-islamic-society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222083514/http://articles.philly.com/1986-05-31/news/26052072_1_islamic-spirit-mosque-islamic-society |archive-date=2015-12-22 |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=May 31, 1986 |access-date=July 11, 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> After di prayer service, dem bury di Faruqis together for Forest Hills Cemetery for [[Lower Moreland Township, Pennsylvania]].<ref name="PhiladelphiaInquirer" /> Di murders of di Faruqis cause plenty talk about wetin fit be di reason for di attack, with theories wey range from politically motivated assassination to burglary wey no go as planned.<ref name="Fletcher2014" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wrmea.org/1986-november/focus-on-arabs-and-islam.html|title=Focus on Arabs and Islam|last=Toth|first=Anthony B.|date=November 1986|website=[[Washington Report on Middle East Affairs]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Assassination motive behind al-Faruqi killings |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19860820&id=MNRHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vo4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5815,1095948 |work=New Straits Times |date=August 20, 1986 |location=Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |access-date=June 22, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Zionist backlash against Arab intellectuals |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19860821&id=MdRHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vo4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6800,1300812 |work=New Straits Times |date=August 21, 1986 |location=Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |access-date=June 22, 2024}}</ref> For one conference wey dem do for International Islamic University Malaysia for 2008, Anis Ahmad talk say al-Faruqi don tell am before say e papa get two prayers: make e become big scholar and make e die as ''[[shahid]]'' (martyr). Dem talk say al-Faruqi come dey ask, "I don turn scholar now, but how I go take die as ''shahid'' for US?" Malik Badri talk say "Allah Ta'ala answer di two prayers."<ref name="Badri2014" /> ==Wie dem gada di tori== {{reflist}} 76knlfhtgt0k1dv7aozqivtiqwhgyif