Dripun

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    <title>Dripun</title>
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|+''Dripun  日本囯 (kukka i Asia)''
|-
| flag ||&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Japan.svg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;
|-
| vinecikan||
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;
|-
 |Paketu nakukka||《[[君が代]]》[[sineqetj a vecik:Kimi ga Yo instrumental.ogg]]
|-
! Kai  !!
|-
| kai nakukka || Drinipunan&lt;ref&gt;[http://houseikyoku.sangiin.go.jp/column/column068.htm], 法制執務コラム集「法律と国語・日本語」&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| vecik nakukka || Kana
|-
!  sihu !!
|-
| vusam na mamazangiljan || Akihitu（Cugu nu miya）
|-
| sihuciu || Abe Shinzō
|-
| lipuinciu || Date Chūichi kati  Tadamori Ōshima
|-

!  kadjunangan !!
|-
| penuljat || 377,962 km^2&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150922153823/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/pdf/yhyou01.pdf], 《日本統計年鑑》第1章　國土・気象&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| pana || 0.8%
|-
!  Gini &amp; HDI&amp;GDP !!
|-
| Gini (2014) || 37.9&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210103154139/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html], World Factbook: Gini Index&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| HDI (2014) || 0.891&lt;ref&gt;[http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf], 2015 Human Development Report&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| GDP  ||  4,730,520,000,000 $&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2014&amp;ey=2021&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=158&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=&amp;pr.x=68&amp;pr.y=15], World Economic Outlook Database. International Monetary Fund (IMF). October 2016&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! caucau  !!
|-
| penuljat || 126,346,000&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stat.go.jp/data/jinsui/new.htm], 日本總務省統計局&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| zuku || Huzizuku (98.5%), Ainuzuku, Han, Kuria
|}

'''Dripun''' (Drinipunan: 日本国／にっぽんこく／にほんこく Nippon-koku)

na patagiljanga a kakunian a dripun a mepupicul a paqulid ka qadjav a kemasi tua kacaviljan a 1880 a patje kacaviljan a 1900. sa vaik tiamadju a [[paljavak]] tua kadjunangan nua zuma a qinaljan, nua zuma a kakunian aya. a sangasangasan, na qemav tiamadju tua kadjunangan nua liukiw (Uruma; ウルマ). sa ka pasusu tiamadju a djemaljun tua [[Taiwan|tayuan]], kuriya (Korea), katua zumanga a qinaljan tazua, sinansihu niamadju tu paljavak taza kadjunangan. a tja kineljang a dripun mavan a tjaljapupicul a kunian i asiya (Asia) tazua kemasi caviljan a 1900. a i pasakacedasan itua kacauan amin aicu a dripun a kiqavan tua zuma a kunian i pasakaledepan. na pasemalaw a dripung tu uri patagiljan tiamadju a kiqecevan tua djermeny (Germany) ka 1914 a caviljan. na paljavak a sivitay nua dripun tua lizuk a cindaw (青島市) a ciniukukan nu i kacaviljan a 1922. pasuvililj na patagilj a sivitay nua dripun a kilailaing tua pulitik (politics) i dripun. semanvasizem (Fascism) a pazangizangilj a kunian a dripun tu seljavak tua sikamasanmusalj a maqaqecian nua i kacauan. na temagilj a dripun a lemivu tua kadjunangan nua ciukuk nu i kacaviljan a 1931.

==kaian==
sipatatevelak a kaian a drinipunan nua tjaljatjuruvu a caucau i dripun.&lt;ref&gt;Fujita-Round, Sachiyo; Maher, John C. (2017). &quot;[https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-02344-1_36 Language Policy and Education in Japan]&quot;. In McCarty, Teresa L.; May, Stephen (eds.). Language Policy and Political Issues in Education. Encyclopedia of Language and Education (3rd ed.). Springer International Publishing. pp. 491–505. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02344-1_36. ISBN 978-3-319-02343-4.&lt;/ref&gt; sikaljavaran a kinakaian nua tukiyu (とうきょうほうげん) tucu.

==taqaljaqaljan==
a tja kineljang a sasupuan nua caucau i dripun tua sihu a dripun, izuanga ma 124 776 364 a caucau tazua i qiljasan a 1 nua kacaviljan a 2019. kumalj a tjaljatjuruvu a caucau azua i dripun mavan a taqaljan a iyamatu (やまとみんぞく), izuazua uta a zuma a qinaljan. na temagilj a caucau a tjuqalja a djemaljun a semamaza i dripun kemasi tua qadjav a 1890 a caviljan. a seciukuk, a sekurin (고려인) tiamadju a mangetjez tua dripun. sa izua uta kemaizuanan a caucau a seainu.

==pacunu uta ==
* [[Taiwan]]
* [[Tailiku]]

== kaizuan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

&lt;!--Interwikis--&gt;</text>
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      <comment>/* taqaljaqaljan */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4140" sha1="td2xum9xm9icbytkdcnzy75b5vtxw9p" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=right border
|+''Dripun  日本囯 (kukka i Asia)''
|-
| flag ||&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Japan.svg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;
|-
| vinecikan||
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;
|-
 |Paketu nakukka||《[[君が代]]》[[sineqetj a vecik:Kimi ga Yo instrumental.ogg]]
|-
! Kai  !!
|-
| kai nakukka || Drinipunan&lt;ref&gt;[http://houseikyoku.sangiin.go.jp/column/column068.htm], 法制執務コラム集「法律と国語・日本語」&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| vecik nakukka || Kana
|-
!  sihu !!
|-
| vusam na mamazangiljan || Akihitu（Cugu nu miya）
|-
| sihuciu || Abe Shinzō
|-
| lipuinciu || Date Chūichi kati  Tadamori Ōshima
|-

!  kadjunangan !!
|-
| penuljat || 377,962 km^2&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150922153823/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/pdf/yhyou01.pdf], 《日本統計年鑑》第1章　國土・気象&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| pana || 0.8%
|-
!  Gini &amp; HDI&amp;GDP !!
|-
| Gini (2014) || 37.9&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210103154139/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html], World Factbook: Gini Index&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| HDI (2014) || 0.891&lt;ref&gt;[http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf], 2015 Human Development Report&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| GDP  ||  4,730,520,000,000 $&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2014&amp;ey=2021&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=158&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=&amp;pr.x=68&amp;pr.y=15], World Economic Outlook Database. International Monetary Fund (IMF). October 2016&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! caucau  !!
|-
| penuljat || 126,346,000&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stat.go.jp/data/jinsui/new.htm], 日本總務省統計局&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| zuku || Huzizuku (98.5%), Ainuzuku, Han, Kuria
|}

'''Dripun''' (Drinipunan: 日本国／にっぽんこく／にほんこく Nippon-koku)

na patagiljanga a kakunian a dripun a mepupicul a paqulid ka qadjav a kemasi tua kacaviljan a 1880 a patje kacaviljan a 1900. sa vaik tiamadju a [[paljavak]] tua kadjunangan nua zuma a qinaljan, nua zuma a kakunian aya. a sangasangasan, na qemav tiamadju tua kadjunangan nua liukiw (Uruma; ウルマ). sa ka pasusu tiamadju a djemaljun tua [[Taiwan|tayuan]], kuriya (Korea), katua zumanga a qinaljan tazua, sinansihu niamadju tu paljavak taza kadjunangan. a tja kineljang a dripun mavan a tjaljapupicul a kunian i asiya (Asia) tazua kemasi caviljan a 1900. a i pasakacedasan itua kacauan amin aicu a dripun a kiqavan tua zuma a kunian i pasakaledepan. na pasemalaw a dripung tu uri patagiljan tiamadju a kiqecevan tua djermeny (Germany) ka 1914 a caviljan. na paljavak a sivitay nua dripun tua lizuk a cindaw (青島市) a ciniukukan nu i kacaviljan a 1922. pasuvililj na patagilj a sivitay nua dripun a kilailaing tua pulitik (politics) i dripun. semanvasizem (Fascism) a pazangizangilj a kunian a dripun tu seljavak tua sikamasanmusalj a maqaqecian nua i kacauan. na temagilj a dripun a lemivu tua kadjunangan nua ciukuk nu i kacaviljan a 1931.

==kaian==
sipatatevelak a kaian a drinipunan nua tjaljatjuruvu a caucau i dripun.&lt;ref&gt;Fujita-Round, Sachiyo; Maher, John C. (2017). &quot;[https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-02344-1_36 Language Policy and Education in Japan]&quot;. In McCarty, Teresa L.; May, Stephen (eds.). Language Policy and Political Issues in Education. Encyclopedia of Language and Education (3rd ed.). Springer International Publishing. pp. 491–505. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02344-1_36. ISBN 978-3-319-02343-4.&lt;/ref&gt; sikaljavaran a kinakaian nua tukiyu (とうきょうほうげん) tucu.

==taqaljaqaljan==
a tja kineljang a sasupuan nua [[caucau]] i dripun tua sihu a dripun, izuanga ma 124 776 364 a caucau tazua i qiljasan a 1 nua kacaviljan a 2019. kumalj a tjaljatjuruvu a caucau azua i dripun mavan a taqaljan a iyamatu (やまとみんぞく), izuazua uta a zuma a qinaljan. na temagilj a caucau a tjuqalja a djemaljun a semamaza i dripun kemasi tua qadjav a 1890 a caviljan. a seciukuk, a sekurin (고려인) tiamadju a mangetjez tua dripun. sa izua uta kemaizuanan a caucau a seainu.

==pacunu uta ==
* [[Taiwan]]
* [[Tailiku]]

== kaizuan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

&lt;!--Interwikis--&gt;</text>
      <sha1>td2xum9xm9icbytkdcnzy75b5vtxw9p</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Lanyu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <id>1980</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="7971" sha1="361rz181hnpruszk750pcmq6z0ictbu" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;  align=right border width=&quot;200&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center |[[File:Penayuanan ta pongso no tao.ogg|thumb|penayuanan ta pongso no tao]]
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center |'''tamazatu''' &lt;br&gt;(pongso no tao)
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[sineqetj a vecik:Orchid Island 2008.jpg|thumb|center|a i pasaljavek tazua tamazatu (pongso no tao)]]
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[sineqetj a vecik:Ponso no Tao.jpg|thumb|center|caucau a tao kata varukur niamadju]] 
|-
|kuni
|taiwan
|-
|na tjaivavav a pangaljan nua kaizuanan
|[[Taitu king]] (taitung county)
|-
|kisanlalaing ta pangaljan nua kaizuanan
|夏曼‧迦拉牧
|-
|sasupuan tua pasalavaan na kadjunangan
|48.3892 km2
|-
|sasupuan ta caucau
|5,082
|-
|}


'''tamazatu''' (pongso no tao, Lanyu, 蘭嶼鄉)

Lanyu gu icuwa i [[Taitung]]. ala atjunangn mapuljat 47.04&amp;nbsp;km² (ma’linpan atjunang 0&amp;nbsp;km², ma’linaule atjunang 43.17&amp;nbsp;km²). ala caucau mapuljat 5,035 caucau, ala daceneqlan mapuljat 1,798 a daceneqlan, Yami(Tao)（達悟族） (84%) a maqcuwa caucau. 

izua ljavek a namasanvecekad taicu a '''tamazatu''' (pongso no tao) katua [[Taiwan|taiwan]]-- inika mamaw a kadjunangan a matjadrusa. mavan tjakinakeljangan a pongso ayain aicu a kadjunangan nia caucau se tao imaza. lja kazuazua a tao a caucau imaza i pongso cu kasicuayan.

aicu a tamazatu (pongso no tao) a pinapungadan na maretimaljimalji a kinakaian: aicu a liljaw a ayain nia caucau sepaiwan; âng-thâu-sū kata âng-tāu-sū a ayain nia pairang; futud a ayain nia pangcah(caucau se amis); butud a ayain nia caucau se sakizaya; butrulr a ayain nia caucau se puyuma; pangkalkalan a ayain nia caucau se bunun.

==paljavak tua atjunang==
matja 4 qinaljan i Lanyu. matja 6 qinaljan imaza, [[Ivalino]]（野銀部落）, [[Iranmeylek]]（東清部落）, [[Yayo]]（椰油部落）, [[Iratay]]（漁人部落）, [[Imaorod]]（紅頭部落）, [[Iraraley]]（朗島部落）.

==kasicuayan==
[[sineqetj a vecik:Luzon Strait n7184.jpg|thumb|right|200px|kasicuayan a pinapungadan taza tamazatu a ''Botel Tobago''.]]
nu cavilj a 1644, tjaisangasangasan, djemaljun savitjai se gaikuku(Dutch) a sema '''tamazatu''' (pongso no tao). na vaik tiamadju a ljemizaw tua anemanema izua i pongso no tao. temideq tua cavilj, nu cavilj a 1645, mumalj a ljaljizawan niamadju a i pongso no tao.

izua a tjaucikel i pongso no tao a vinecikan ni 黃叔璥(caucau se ciuku), aicu a supu ayain 臺海使槎錄. nu qadjav a cavilj a 1700~1800, djemaljun a pairang a sema pongso no tao. izua maretimaljimalji a kai a matjarusa, sa inika makakeljang tiamadju. ka vililjananga a pinapacaian a tao nia pairang. pakavililj, mumalj a djemaljun a pairang kata caucau se qalu i pongso no tao. tucu, na qemeceng a papacai a tao ta pairang kata caucau se qalu. sa nia caucau a tao a kinizangan a kadjunangan a pongso no tao.

patjezuanga a dripun kata ciuku a kikarivu nu 1895 a cavilj, a shimonoseki (kakaian a drinipunan, ta puvarukuran i dripun) izua sinivecikan ta pinavavecikan a sinanpapasusuan nia caucau se dripun kata caucau se ciuku (ayain a pinavavecikan a shimonoseki). kinavenecikan a sinanpapasusuan aicu a sikamasanmusalj a sasupuan, sikamasanmusalj a vinecikan, mavan a paljavak a dripun ta pongso no tao kata taiwan. tazua inika maqati a caucau se taiwan a vaik sema pongso no tao. ljakua, temapavanga a sihu a dripun ta sisantapavan na venaruvarung imaza.

==kadjunangan==
i pasakaledep tua taipingyang (ljavek a pacific) a tamazatu (pongso no tao). i pasakacedas tua ilaod (a pinapungadan ta taiwan nia caucau a tao) a pongso no tao. i pasanavalj tua jitanasey (hoé-sio-tó/le̍k-tó) a pongso no tao.

==caucau==
a sinupuan a tja kai a sivaruvarung ta caucau a tao kata zuma a caucau se kacalisian i taiwan, aicu a tja kai a kinacalisian a namaya ta kakaian se kuni a austronesian. sa kasicuayan, izua a caucau ayain a autronesian a nu kemasi maza i pongso no tao patje iainuan a kuni a austronsesian tucu, maru batan (batan island) kata pilipinas (Philippines).

nu pinaljavakan a pongso no tao nia dripun, izua pitju a maretimaljimalji a qinaljan ayain 小字. kemasi ta djadjaljunan a sihu a kmt patje tucu, izua anga a unem a qinaljan i pongso no tao:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!kakaian a yami(tao)!!kakaian se ciuku!!kakaian se dripun!!zazuman
|-
| jiayo / yayo || 椰油&lt;small&gt; (雅又) &lt;/small&gt;||ヤユー ||
|-
| jiraralay / iraraley || 朗島&lt;small&gt;（伊拉拉來）&lt;/small&gt; || イララライ||
|-
| jiranmilek / iranmeylek || 東清&lt;small&gt;（伊然枚樂可）&lt;/small&gt; || イラヌミリク||
|-
| jivalino / ivalino || 野銀&lt;small&gt;（伊伐里怒）&lt;/small&gt; || イワギヌ||inika mula, valino ayain anemanema maru [[quai]]
|-
| jimowrod / imowzod || 紅頭&lt;small&gt;（伊莫潤）&lt;/small&gt; || イマウルツル||
|-
| jiratay  / iratey || 漁人&lt;small&gt;（伊拉代）&lt;/small&gt; || イラタイ ||nasetevelj ta jimowrod nu 1946 a cavilj
|-
| iwatas   / ivatas || 伊瓦達斯 || イワタス  ||nasetevelj ta jiayo nu 1940 a cavilj
|}


izua 5,157 a caucau a mapuljat i pongso no tao tucu. tjatjuruvu a caucau a tao, izua a 4,303 a caucau a tao a qadjav. cuaicuayanga, kakemasi a caucau a tao ta batan patje imaza i pongso no tao. namaya a kakaian a drusa, mavan a maretimaljimalji a caucau a kiljavaran tucu a qadaw. manasika aicu a pinacacikeljan niamadju.

==papupaysu==
kasicuayan a tja kakudakudan nia caucau a tao, katemalem a vavayan tua soli(ayain vasa na ljavek), keytan(vasa), wakey(vurasi), kadayi(vaqu), kata zumazuma. kakiciqav a uqaljay. paquzip tiamadju uta. sipapupaysu nia caucau a rarayurangan i pongso no tao tucu.
===tataleman===
izua soli(ayain vasa na ljavek), keytan(vasa), wakey(vurasi), kadayi(vaqu) i pongso no tao.
===kakiciqavan===
izua [[ciqav]], gang, kata djepelang i pongso no tao. sinikakudan nia caucau a tao a kakanen ta ciqav: izua oyoda among(bulay a ciqav) kata ra’et a among(kuya a ciqav). kakeman a vavayan ta oyoda among; kakeman a uqaljay ta ra’et a among.

==tatuluan==
izua lima a kedrikedri a gakku imaza i pongso no tao. neka daigakku imaza.

== kakipucemelan ==
neka a kakipucemelan i pongso no tao. ljakua izua ta isisiu na gukusiu. nu selapayanga a saqetju a caucau imaza, sa vaik tiamadju a sema valangaw a kipucemecemel.

==iyubingkiuku (yuzeng)==

===sasupuan na iyubingkiuku===
952 a sasupuan na iyubingkiku se pongso no tao (lanyu).

== kivangavangan ==

===jimagaod===
jimagaod ayain uta a kakedriyan a pongso no tao. i pasakacedas a navalj ta pongso no tao. macadja a tjelu a nm (1nm=1.852km) kemasi pongso no tao patje jimagaod.

===zumanga a kivangavangan===
&lt;gallery&gt;
Kaiyuan Harbor.jpg|puvarukuran na kaiyuan
Lanyu Airport building front 2008b.jpg|puhikukian na lanyu
Langyu seaside.jpg|pasaljavek
Langyu smallskypool.jpg|puzaljuman
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==sipacacikelan==

===[[palidring]] a djalan===
aicu a kinivalidiyan na djalan i pongso no tao. izua papubasu a kinmusalj taqadaw. rumakautubay a caucau imaza.

===kisiya djalan===
neka pukisiyan imaza i pongso no tao.

===[[gungkang]]===
maqati makagungkang kemasimaza i kaiyuan a puvarukuran a patje kenting, a patje puvarukuran a fugang i valangaw, a patje lekto.

===[[hikuki]]===
izua ta puhikukiyan imaza i pongso no tao tu seyseykedan no sikoki no irala (kakaiyan a yami). maqati makahikuki a kemasi imaza patje ljalevavanan ta hikuki i valangaw a hikuziyw.

==djamay==

===kakanen===
kasicuayan, na keman a caucau a tao tua ciqav. izua oyoda among(bulay a ciqav) kata ra’et a among(kuya a ciqav). ru keman a vavayan ta oyoda among a sangasangasan. sinivaian a ra’et a among ta uqaljay. aicu a sikakudakudan nia vuvu niamadju. izua saviki i pongso no tao uta. nu mangetjez a qaljaqalja a kivala sema tjaumaq, sivai a caucau a tao a saviki ta tja qaljaqalja.

== kasizuan ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161230105210/http://www.ris.gov.tw/346 內政部戶政司全球資訊網]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170705043614/http://www.apc.gov.tw/portal/docList.html?CID=812FFAB0BCD92D1A 原住民族委員會全球資訊網統計資料]</text>
      <sha1>361rz181hnpruszk750pcmq6z0ictbu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>12740</id>
      <parentid>12739</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-10-21T08:46:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Acelee2016</username>
        <id>1980</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* kakanen */</comment>
      <origin>12740</origin>
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      <text bytes="7975" sha1="owmskr4qwsr5us2gbtxsk1zwukg39mq" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;  align=right border width=&quot;200&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center |[[File:Penayuanan ta pongso no tao.ogg|thumb|penayuanan ta pongso no tao]]
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center |'''tamazatu''' &lt;br&gt;(pongso no tao)
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[sineqetj a vecik:Orchid Island 2008.jpg|thumb|center|a i pasaljavek tazua tamazatu (pongso no tao)]]
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[sineqetj a vecik:Ponso no Tao.jpg|thumb|center|caucau a tao kata varukur niamadju]] 
|-
|kuni
|taiwan
|-
|na tjaivavav a pangaljan nua kaizuanan
|[[Taitu king]] (taitung county)
|-
|kisanlalaing ta pangaljan nua kaizuanan
|夏曼‧迦拉牧
|-
|sasupuan tua pasalavaan na kadjunangan
|48.3892 km2
|-
|sasupuan ta caucau
|5,082
|-
|}


'''tamazatu''' (pongso no tao, Lanyu, 蘭嶼鄉)

Lanyu gu icuwa i [[Taitung]]. ala atjunangn mapuljat 47.04&amp;nbsp;km² (ma’linpan atjunang 0&amp;nbsp;km², ma’linaule atjunang 43.17&amp;nbsp;km²). ala caucau mapuljat 5,035 caucau, ala daceneqlan mapuljat 1,798 a daceneqlan, Yami(Tao)（達悟族） (84%) a maqcuwa caucau. 

izua ljavek a namasanvecekad taicu a '''tamazatu''' (pongso no tao) katua [[Taiwan|taiwan]]-- inika mamaw a kadjunangan a matjadrusa. mavan tjakinakeljangan a pongso ayain aicu a kadjunangan nia caucau se tao imaza. lja kazuazua a tao a caucau imaza i pongso cu kasicuayan.

aicu a tamazatu (pongso no tao) a pinapungadan na maretimaljimalji a kinakaian: aicu a liljaw a ayain nia caucau sepaiwan; âng-thâu-sū kata âng-tāu-sū a ayain nia pairang; futud a ayain nia pangcah(caucau se amis); butud a ayain nia caucau se sakizaya; butrulr a ayain nia caucau se puyuma; pangkalkalan a ayain nia caucau se bunun.

==paljavak tua atjunang==
matja 4 qinaljan i Lanyu. matja 6 qinaljan imaza, [[Ivalino]]（野銀部落）, [[Iranmeylek]]（東清部落）, [[Yayo]]（椰油部落）, [[Iratay]]（漁人部落）, [[Imaorod]]（紅頭部落）, [[Iraraley]]（朗島部落）.

==kasicuayan==
[[sineqetj a vecik:Luzon Strait n7184.jpg|thumb|right|200px|kasicuayan a pinapungadan taza tamazatu a ''Botel Tobago''.]]
nu cavilj a 1644, tjaisangasangasan, djemaljun savitjai se gaikuku(Dutch) a sema '''tamazatu''' (pongso no tao). na vaik tiamadju a ljemizaw tua anemanema izua i pongso no tao. temideq tua cavilj, nu cavilj a 1645, mumalj a ljaljizawan niamadju a i pongso no tao.

izua a tjaucikel i pongso no tao a vinecikan ni 黃叔璥(caucau se ciuku), aicu a supu ayain 臺海使槎錄. nu qadjav a cavilj a 1700~1800, djemaljun a pairang a sema pongso no tao. izua maretimaljimalji a kai a matjarusa, sa inika makakeljang tiamadju. ka vililjananga a pinapacaian a tao nia pairang. pakavililj, mumalj a djemaljun a pairang kata caucau se qalu i pongso no tao. tucu, na qemeceng a papacai a tao ta pairang kata caucau se qalu. sa nia caucau a tao a kinizangan a kadjunangan a pongso no tao.

patjezuanga a dripun kata ciuku a kikarivu nu 1895 a cavilj, a shimonoseki (kakaian a drinipunan, ta puvarukuran i dripun) izua sinivecikan ta pinavavecikan a sinanpapasusuan nia caucau se dripun kata caucau se ciuku (ayain a pinavavecikan a shimonoseki). kinavenecikan a sinanpapasusuan aicu a sikamasanmusalj a sasupuan, sikamasanmusalj a vinecikan, mavan a paljavak a dripun ta pongso no tao kata taiwan. tazua inika maqati a caucau se taiwan a vaik sema pongso no tao. ljakua, temapavanga a sihu a dripun ta sisantapavan na venaruvarung imaza.

==kadjunangan==
i pasakaledep tua taipingyang (ljavek a pacific) a tamazatu (pongso no tao). i pasakacedas tua ilaod (a pinapungadan ta taiwan nia caucau a tao) a pongso no tao. i pasanavalj tua jitanasey (hoé-sio-tó/le̍k-tó) a pongso no tao.

==caucau==
a sinupuan a tja kai a sivaruvarung ta caucau a tao kata zuma a caucau se kacalisian i taiwan, aicu a tja kai a kinacalisian a namaya ta kakaian se kuni a austronesian. sa kasicuayan, izua a caucau ayain a autronesian a nu kemasi maza i pongso no tao patje iainuan a kuni a austronsesian tucu, maru batan (batan island) kata pilipinas (Philippines).

nu pinaljavakan a pongso no tao nia dripun, izua pitju a maretimaljimalji a qinaljan ayain 小字. kemasi ta djadjaljunan a sihu a kmt patje tucu, izua anga a unem a qinaljan i pongso no tao:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!kakaian a yami(tao)!!kakaian se ciuku!!kakaian se dripun!!zazuman
|-
| jiayo / yayo || 椰油&lt;small&gt; (雅又) &lt;/small&gt;||ヤユー ||
|-
| jiraralay / iraraley || 朗島&lt;small&gt;（伊拉拉來）&lt;/small&gt; || イララライ||
|-
| jiranmilek / iranmeylek || 東清&lt;small&gt;（伊然枚樂可）&lt;/small&gt; || イラヌミリク||
|-
| jivalino / ivalino || 野銀&lt;small&gt;（伊伐里怒）&lt;/small&gt; || イワギヌ||inika mula, valino ayain anemanema maru [[quai]]
|-
| jimowrod / imowzod || 紅頭&lt;small&gt;（伊莫潤）&lt;/small&gt; || イマウルツル||
|-
| jiratay  / iratey || 漁人&lt;small&gt;（伊拉代）&lt;/small&gt; || イラタイ ||nasetevelj ta jimowrod nu 1946 a cavilj
|-
| iwatas   / ivatas || 伊瓦達斯 || イワタス  ||nasetevelj ta jiayo nu 1940 a cavilj
|}


izua 5,157 a caucau a mapuljat i pongso no tao tucu. tjatjuruvu a caucau a tao, izua a 4,303 a caucau a tao a qadjav. cuaicuayanga, kakemasi a caucau a tao ta batan patje imaza i pongso no tao. namaya a kakaian a drusa, mavan a maretimaljimalji a caucau a kiljavaran tucu a qadaw. manasika aicu a pinacacikeljan niamadju.

==papupaysu==
kasicuayan a tja kakudakudan nia caucau a tao, katemalem a vavayan tua soli(ayain vasa na ljavek), keytan(vasa), wakey(vurasi), kadayi(vaqu), kata zumazuma. kakiciqav a uqaljay. paquzip tiamadju uta. sipapupaysu nia caucau a rarayurangan i pongso no tao tucu.
===tataleman===
izua soli(ayain vasa na ljavek), keytan(vasa), wakey(vurasi), kadayi(vaqu) i pongso no tao.
===kakiciqavan===
izua [[ciqav]], gang, kata djepelang i pongso no tao. sinikakudan nia caucau a tao a kakanen ta ciqav: izua oyoda among(bulay a ciqav) kata ra’et a among(kuya a ciqav). kakeman a vavayan ta oyoda among; kakeman a uqaljay ta ra’et a among.

==tatuluan==
izua lima a kedrikedri a gakku imaza i pongso no tao. neka daigakku imaza.

== kakipucemelan ==
neka a kakipucemelan i pongso no tao. ljakua izua ta isisiu na gukusiu. nu selapayanga a saqetju a caucau imaza, sa vaik tiamadju a sema valangaw a kipucemecemel.

==iyubingkiuku (yuzeng)==

===sasupuan na iyubingkiuku===
952 a sasupuan na iyubingkiku se pongso no tao (lanyu).

== kivangavangan ==

===jimagaod===
jimagaod ayain uta a kakedriyan a pongso no tao. i pasakacedas a navalj ta pongso no tao. macadja a tjelu a nm (1nm=1.852km) kemasi pongso no tao patje jimagaod.

===zumanga a kivangavangan===
&lt;gallery&gt;
Kaiyuan Harbor.jpg|puvarukuran na kaiyuan
Lanyu Airport building front 2008b.jpg|puhikukian na lanyu
Langyu seaside.jpg|pasaljavek
Langyu smallskypool.jpg|puzaljuman
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==sipacacikelan==

===[[palidring]] a djalan===
aicu a kinivalidiyan na djalan i pongso no tao. izua papubasu a kinmusalj taqadaw. rumakautubay a caucau imaza.

===kisiya djalan===
neka pukisiyan imaza i pongso no tao.

===[[gungkang]]===
maqati makagungkang kemasimaza i kaiyuan a puvarukuran a patje kenting, a patje puvarukuran a fugang i valangaw, a patje lekto.

===[[hikuki]]===
izua ta puhikukiyan imaza i pongso no tao tu seyseykedan no sikoki no irala (kakaiyan a yami). maqati makahikuki a kemasi imaza patje ljalevavanan ta hikuki i valangaw a hikuziyw.

==djamay==

===kakanen===
kasicuayan, na keman a caucau a tao tua [[ciqav]]. izua oyoda among(bulay a ciqav) kata ra’et a among(kuya a ciqav). ru keman a vavayan ta oyoda among a sangasangasan. sinivaian a ra’et a among ta uqaljay. aicu a sikakudakudan nia vuvu niamadju. izua saviki i pongso no tao uta. nu mangetjez a qaljaqalja a kivala sema tjaumaq, sivai a caucau a tao a saviki ta tja qaljaqalja.

== kasizuan ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161230105210/http://www.ris.gov.tw/346 內政部戶政司全球資訊網]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170705043614/http://www.apc.gov.tw/portal/docList.html?CID=812FFAB0BCD92D1A 原住民族委員會全球資訊網統計資料]</text>
      <sha1>owmskr4qwsr5us2gbtxsk1zwukg39mq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>djulis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>119</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12743</id>
      <parentid>12493</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-10-21T08:48:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Acelee2016</username>
        <id>1980</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>12743</origin>
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      <text bytes="2874" sha1="a2oeoyexzbg06kkj014rymkhsxs38iu" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;background:#F5F5F5; color: black; font-weight:bold; width: 250px; float:right&quot; 
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#CEFFCE; text-align:center; font-weight:bold&quot; |djulis
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center |[[sineqetj a vecik:紅藜.jpeg|thumb|djulis|220px|center]]
|- style=&quot;background:#CEFFCE; color: black; font-weight:bold; text-align:center&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | sinikeljang ta cemel kata kasiw
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|界
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Plantae
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|演化支
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Angiosperms
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|演化支
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Eudicots
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|目
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Caryophyllales
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;| 科
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Amaranthaceae
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|屬
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |''Chenopodium''


|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;| 種
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |''C. formosanum''
|-
|- style=&quot;background:#CEFFCE; color: black; font-weight:bold; text-align:center&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | sinivecikan ta cemel kata kasiw
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; align=&quot;center|'''''Chenopodium formosanum'''''
''&lt;small&gt;Koidz., 1940&lt;/small&gt;''
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; font-size=&quot;5pt&quot; align=&quot;center| &lt;small&gt;pinapungadan ni Koidz.&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|}


[[sineqetj a vecik:賽夏族的紅藜.JPG|thumb|djulis]]

a '''djulis''' (''Chenopodium formosanum''), [[lami]] nua caucau a se [[Paiwan]], valeljevelj aravac a qiljas nua vangalj nua aicu a djulis, tucu tjuruvu anga tjengelay a keman tua Julia.

namasan pazangal aravac a djulis tua talem i [[kacalisian]], azua a vat a pinaka a lavi. alapen ta tjanguaq a djulis nua djulis tua dremasi, sa kivat tua pizua i [[djilung]]. nu venusamanga, azua a djulis a mavananga a tjaqaca a tapuluq a marutaljudjuqan, sa uri masik a caucau tua sinanljaceng ta sipakan, avan a suma. azua a vat nua djulis a maqati a sipakan, sa sanguaq angata, ljawa pazangal a saliman taicu a djulis.

sangasangasang, alapu ta qaselu kata [[valanga]] tua maisu ta djulis a vat. qaw semanvusam, sa kemesanga tua keman.maqati uta a vat nua djulis a sinan ta piqa, avan a penalepal ta kemesanga a djulis, sa mesuak kata kemesanga a [[vaqu]].

azua a ngadan na djulis, avan a mesuakanga a qavay, masa a maqati a djulis a mesuak, sa pungadan taizua.inamalangen matu vaqu.

==kakanen==
maqati a tja sanvavain a djulis. manguaq a tjasi vava a djulis.inamalangen matu vaqu.

==kulimalimac==
izua kulimalimac a vuciar nua djulis. liyav a vuciar nua djulis.


==qudjilj==
nu kalja makesan a djulis qudjilj a tja quma i gadu.

==venava==
maqati a tja sanvavain a djulis. 


==pacunu uta ==
* [[vaqu]]
* [[djulis]]
* [[lukuc]]

==kaizuan==
鄭漢文、王相華、鄭惠芬、賴紅炎編(2005)，《排灣族民族植物》，行政院農業委員會林業試驗所。P294。</text>
      <sha1>a2oeoyexzbg06kkj014rymkhsxs38iu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>lukuc</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>137</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12734</id>
      <parentid>12486</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-10-21T08:37:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Acelee2016</username>
        <id>1980</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* maudalj */</comment>
      <origin>12734</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3543" sha1="hunkawjq26bn0c6afubznho1ov826oo" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;background:#F5F5F5; color: black; font-weight:bold; width: 250px; float:right&quot; 
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#CEFFCE; text-align:center; font-weight:bold&quot; |lukuc
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center |[[sineqetj a vecik:山蘇 Aspleninm nidus L. - panoramio.jpg|thumb|aicu a lukuc.]]
|- style=&quot;background:#CEFFCE; color: black; font-weight:bold; text-align:center&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | sinivecikan na kisanvenaruvarung
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; align=&quot;center|Maidenhair spleenwort
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; font-size=&quot;5pt&quot; align=&quot;center| &lt;small&gt;(''Asplenium trichomanes'' ssp. quadrivalens)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:#CEFFCE; color: black; font-weight:bold; text-align:center&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |zumanga a ngadan
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|kinakaian na amerika
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Asplenium
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|pinairangan
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |koeh-lūi-ê
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|ciniukuan
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |鐵角蕨屬
|-
|}

[[sineqetj a vecik:Asplenium trichomanes subsp quadrivalens.jpg|thumb|right|250px|lukuc]]
aicu a '''lukuc''', izunu nu i teku ta kadjunangan izua nu nakicaying ta kasiw izua nu ita dangadangas, kanainu kasedjalepan sakamaya a cemuvuq. na lemadruq a pasavava a cemelak a asav, inika venuciar inika venangalj uta.

azua a [[pinaywanan]] a vencik a “lukuc”, izua a pacugan mavan a palingulj tua nemanga. kasicuayan, azua a lukuc, amin a [[lami]] ka kinaqucaqucaljan, ljawa masan tjaljapazanal a ljaceng tucu.

== maudalj ==
izua a kinacemekeljan nua [[mamazangiljan|mazazangiljan]] i [[Paiwan|paywan]], nu uri papucekelj, sa alapen ta caker, [[saviki|sviki]], kasiw, vavuy avan a [[lisi]] nua cunguljan na uqaljay tua tjumaq na vavayan. sa pinadjulu uta tua [[qau|qaw]], [[veljevelj]], [[tjanes]] kata lukuc tua vaik ta tjumaq na vavayan.

nu mangetj ta tjumaq na vavayan, sa venengetj a lukuc i ingaw tua qaw, qaw lemingdjelj tazua a qaw. anema a pacugan tua matucu? inika a tinevela nua caucau.

izua a caucau a naqivu taicu a mavan a kinisenayan tua vavayan a matu azua a lukuc a maqati a papualjak tua kinacemekeljan nua [[mamazangiljan|mazazangiljan]], sa izua a caucau a naqivu uta taicu a “lukuc” a pacugan i pinaywanan avan a ljemuku, saka kilalaing tia mazazangiljan tua taqaljaqaljan niamadju.

==patjara sikudakudan nua lukuc==
===sipakialalang ta tiuma===
nu papucekelj a [[mamazangiljan|mazazangiljan]] sinanpazangal aravac, aza tiuma pinakialalang tua lukuc. izua nu sinipakiayang ta qinalu a [[tjevus]] a veljevelj a zangav a [[saviki]], a sini rava na sauqaljay nu pucekecekelj.

===sinan ljaceng===
kasicuayan ikatjena kemeljang, katucunga tja kinicual tua amis a tjasikataqaljan aseman ljaceng, tjempis tua i ngaingav, sanguaq a selaven a cianen sa paciuan ta riprip.

===sinan racev===
kakemeljanganga itjen tua makaya saneljacengen, azua i sisigu i butanggu a tjasikataqaljan, ayata sedjaljep a ljemeliav a temalem, bauken nua kemasi pairang a mareka kakanan a siyubai, mavanu sikamanguanguaq niamadju ta sikavaljutan.
=== sipakialalang a penalingulj===
tjuruvuanga tjengelay a temalem tua lukuc a penalingulj a pakelay a pacaying pitua qapulu na rikis, papudjalim papenguanguaq tua kinaizuanan.

==qemirqir==
qemirqir a seman lukuc, sanguaq a ravac atja san djamain a lukuc.

==pacunu uta ==
* [[vaqu]]
* [[djulis]]
* [[ljavucuvucu]]

==kasizuan==

1.鄭漢文、王相華、鄭惠芬、賴紅炎編(2005)，《排灣族民族植物》，行政院農業委員會林業試驗所。P188。</text>
      <sha1>hunkawjq26bn0c6afubznho1ov826oo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>makazayazaya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>138</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12744</id>
      <parentid>12313</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-10-21T08:48:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Acelee2016</username>
        <id>1980</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* a sikamasanitalj a milingan */</comment>
      <origin>12744</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9343" sha1="7fyt79jjb1674actubtat0lqapazbhn" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=right border width=&quot;200&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center|'''makazayazaya'''
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[sineqetj a vecik:Shalawan Waterfall in mountains in Majia.jpg|thumb|center|qinaljan a makazayazaya.]]
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[sineqetj a vecik:Makazayazaya - Máka - (Majia, Pingtung County).svg|thumb|center|inuan a makazayazaya i tua qakaw king.]]
|-
|na tjaivavaw a sihu a kinapangaljan a paljavak
|[[Qakaw king|qakaw king]]
|-
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |makazayazaya

瑪家村
|-
|na tjaivavav a  pangaljan nua kaizuanan (上級行政區劃)
|[[Qakaw king|qakaw]](屏東縣)

[[Macia|makazayazaya]]/[[Makagu]](瑪家鄉)
|-
|pangaljan nua  kaizuanan (區劃)
|alu a (lining) (8鄰) 
|-
|sihu(政府)

-sunciu(村長)
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-唐建生&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|vusam
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-lja Vavulengan&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;nowiki&gt;-lja Kazangiljan&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;-lja Tjuljavia&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;-lja Kaljayuran&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
|kinavadavadayan  nua cawcaw(人口)

- sinisupuan  tua cawcaw(總數)

- pinaljingan (戶數)
|


- lima a iday  saka tjelu a puluq kata ita a cawcaw(531人)(2019 a cavilj kata 4 a qiljas, 2019年4月)

-taiday sa pitju  a puluq kata siva a paljingan(179戶)
|-
|sasupuan na  yubinkiuku/yuzeng

(郵政編碼)
|903-41
|-
|sasusuan na  umaq a vecik (戶政資料代碼)
|10013280001
|-
|tjuljivaran nua  guan (毗鄰)
|masiljid (北葉村), 涼山村, 佳義村、排灣村

timur(三地門鄉):達來村
|}

==makazayazaya(瑪家村)==
a i pinaljavakan a macia gu aicu a makazayazaya a qinaljan nua [[Qakaw king|qakaw king]] nua i [[Taiwan|taiwan]].

aicu a makazayazaya mavan a mula nua makazayazaya a guan na qakaw. izua a nakacalisiyan na mula i tjagaraus na gadu i vecekadan tua taiwan, a pasalavagan a kadjunangan avan a 7.5 a 平方公里, izuazua a tjelu a iday saka alu a puluq a taqaljaqaljan imaza.

izuazua a kacalisiyan i makazayazaya, ljawa izua a tjelu a qinaljan avan a makazayazaya, vailus kata tanawagu. sa matevetevelj aza a tjelu a qinaljan tuazua a mula.

mamau ta payuwan, masiljid kata 好茶村, 泰武村 na wutay a guan nua qakaw, izuazuanan a makuzulj a cawcau kasicuayan, ljawa masa cunuq kata sengsengan na maqacuvucuvung, aminanga a umen a puluq a paljingan tua sepatj a puluq a paljingan izua tua masengsegn ta remacevan.

==kadjunangan(地理)==
a i pasaviri tua tua matja ita veljeluan a qinaljan a makazayazaya.

==cinalivatan (歷史)==
kasicuayan kinaizuan anga aicu a qinaljan a makazayazaya a kadjunangan nua caucau a sepayuan.

==caucau (人口)==
izua qadjav a 531 a caucau i makazayazaya a qinaljan. (vinecikan a sasusuan ka 2019 a caviljan).&lt;ref&gt; [https://data.gov.tw/dataset/77132 村里戶數、單一年齡人口]. 政府資料開放平臺. 內政部戶政司. [2019-05-21].&lt;/ref&gt;

==katuluan (教育)==

==sipacacikelan (交通)==
===basu (公車)===
sipacacikel izua a basu tua qinaljan a makazayazaya.

===kisiya (火車)===
neka ljaljevavavan tua kisiya imaza i makazayazaya.

===palidring a djalan (公路)===

==kivangavangan (旅遊)==
[[sineqetj a vecik:Majia village.svg|thumb|makazayazaya]]

==milingan==

a milimilingan na cacevudan i makazayazaya a patjara pinualjakan nua mamazangiljan.

===cacevudan nua cawcau===

nakinemenemanga a makazayazaya tazua a cawcau a kemasi padain kasicuacuayan, masa a pinualjak nua cemas ti 薩迦萬 a semenasenay, ljawa masanqaqetitan ini’a mamazangiljan tiamadju.

===naqemati tua mamazangiljan===

====a sikamasanitalj a milingan====

kasicuacuayananga, napavay a qadaw tua [[kacalisian|kacalisiyan]] a mazangilj tua paljavak tjiamadju, sa qemecilu a qadaw i [[djilung]] tua pinualjak ta mazangilj i makazayazaya( tucu a makazayazaya a guan na qakaw), ljawa nu nakinaljanganga na vulung a mazangilj, kiqilja aza a vulung sa lemamedj tazua a qecilu nua qadaw. uri kiqecevan ta vulung a tjuruvu a cawcau tua paljakev ta qecilu. ljawa tjakuya tiamadju, marekutj tua qadaw a inika qemecilu sa kemikim tjai kaluljay(嘉魯萊) tua pusaladj taicu a vulung. naljemauyanga ti kaluljay uta.

kinacu a uqaljay nua drusa a umaqan na kaluljay, vaik a sema tua vulung a mazangilj sa maljavaljavar. nu mangetjezanga tiamadju, mavilad a zuma masa a qatjuvu a kinacu na vulung a mazangilj, ljawa inika marekutj ti kaluljay, sa pavaik tua vulung a mazangilj timadju, qaw pasusu tua a 隘寮溪 a pana a sema a vaik ta taljitiv na 涼山. nu i djalananan, uri papuvaljaw a macidilj a vavayan tua vulung a mazangilj ti kaluljay, sa masudjusudju tiamadju i tucu a siubukiyiu nua masiljid.

nu mangetjezanga, napacun a cawcau tua tjinaki a setjavaw ta vacalj iteku tua taljitiv, kata izua a tjakurung a macevelj tua qucengecengel a makelay taizua. ljawa, nu pacunanga a vulung a mazangilj ta tjinaki mavananga a bulaybulay a umaqan, sa sematjumaq timadju kata valjaw. nu sematjumaq tiamadju, sa benuqbuq a tjakurung kata vulung a mazangilj, qaw inika napacunanga ta vulung a mazangilj. saka uri pinaljak na qecilu tua aljak nua qadaw, sa izuazua a kinaytjumaqan lja vavulengan(tucu a mamazangiljan na makazayazaya). mapuzangal a qadaw sa qivu tazua a djalan a nacemalivat kata qaqazavan mavan a kadjunangan niamadju, masancemas tua kizang ti kaluljay uta.

====a sikamasanmusalj a milingan====

ka pualjakanga ta cawcau, izua a qadaw, naqemacilu a qadaw ta ita a qacilu i kacauwan, ljawa nakemananga a qatjuvi. sa qemaciluanan a qadaw sa pitjaladj ta qecilu i qavaqavayam, qaw lemelege a qavaqavayam tua maya kinan na qatjuvi i piniljukaiyan, sa pualjakanga tua macidilj a vavayan a lumamad tu lima a qadaw, qaw papungadan a muni avan a ngadan na qayaqayam i igidi a qasiw, sicavu tjaimadju nua cengelaw, sa sinanpapavanavan nua mamangan a haku; sa, pualjakuta a qadaw ta a macidilj a uqaljay a lumamad mamau taicu. nu meqacanga a uqaljay sa vaik ta lizukan ta masansevalitan na ripun a cawcau, qaw emadjuq ti muni sa pucekelj timadju kata vulung i gadu, sa pinualjak tua macidilj a uqaljay kata madrusa a vavayan niamadju. saka, nu meqacanga azua a uqaljay sa vaik ta lizukan tua masansevalitan nua ljacalisian, qaw pucekelj ti muni kata valjaka na kazazaljan(tucu a taiwu a guan na qakaw), sa pualjak tua kui kati satugu. qaw napucekelj ti kui kata a macidilj a vavayan nua paridrayan(tucu a timur a guan na qakaw), sa pualjak tua uqaljay ti qaras, a djaljedjalj ti tjavuras(lavulase, vaikanga ta masiljid), masantjelu ti tjakanau(daganau, vaikanga ta paridrayan, tuki kazangiljan), masansepatj ti rumaljiz(vaikanga ta 沙漠部落), a kalaingan a vavayan ti Zepulje(Zubul, vaikanga ta tjaravacalj), sa pucekelj a kalaingan a uqaljay ti qaras kati lemeljeman nua 下排灣部落 mavananga a sevalitan na mamazangiljan lja vavulengan i makazayazaya; napucekelj a djaljedjalj ni muni ti sakenge kati giljigiljau lja pakedjavai a setjaravacalj avan a mamazangiljan nua qinaljan, sa pualjak tua kui(vaikanga tua katjacivar), ti tjuku(vaikanga tua vavungulan), ti kaljalju(vaikanga tua puyuma).

izua a milingan avan a pucekelj a kalaingan a vavayan ni muni kati awmun nua amawan, tuki a valjaw ni kui a pinuka ta muni uta.

====a sikamasantjelulj a milingan====

izua a milingan mavan a qemecilu a qadaw i makazayazaya, sa nalemamedj a qatjuvi tazua a qinecilu a sikamasanitalj a qecilu izua i djilung. saka, kemikim a zuma tua cawcau a maqati a linaljing a qatjuvi tua lizukan, sa ljemauy a pinaljavak ta kadjunangan a cinelivat na qatjuvi nimadju. qaw izua a vavayan ti kai, maqati a lemaljing a qatjuvi ta laulauzan( a iteku ta taljitiv nua pana a 牛角灣溪), saka, pinaljavak taizua nimadju, qaw masanrukayanga timadju mavan a sevalitan na pakedaway(巴格達外). nu nekanga a qatjuvi, qemacilu a qadaw uta. sa pualjak tua uqaljay a lumamad, sa masanmazangilj nu meqacanga timadju, qaw semanumaq timadju ta umaqan na kazangiljan i pinavasan tua pinualjakan nimadju.

izua a milingan avan a vavayan ti karuljay tuki kaljikichy, semuri(idedet tua masiljid) timadju, inika linaljing a qatjuvi timadju sa kikarivuan timadju kata qatjuvi. mintuluq tua lung sa menecemec ta qatjuvi timadju. izuanan a milingan uta avan a matjelu a vavayan ti kaljicinan(卡吉基娜), ti karuljay(卡洛萊), kati kana(卡娜), sa djemameq ta qatjuvi tiamadju,qaw vericen tua pana. saka, a qinaljan a sicuayan nua pailjus izua i makalaulauz mavan a kadjunangan tua naqemacilu a qadaw.

====a sikamasnsimatelj a milingan====

kasicuacuayan, izua a macidilj a cawcau a pinualjak i qaciljay, sa papupicul a cemas tjaimadju tua malalaing ta cawcau, saka, maqepu a tjuruvu a cawcau timadju tua masanqinaljan sa masanmazangilj niamdju.

====a zuma a milingan====

ini amin a makazayazaya, izua a milingan i paljius avan a qemacilu a qadaw i makalaulauz. ka nalemamedj ta qecilu a qatjuvi, sa djinameq ta qatjuvi na kaluljay kati kacikic tua vavuwan. qaw naqemacilu a qadaw uta tua drusa a qecilu sa pualjak tua madrusa a uqaljay a lumamad. sa masananga tua umaq a lja vavulengan kata lja kazangiljan mavan a sevalitan na [[mamazangiljan]] i paljius.

====nakinkiu tua milingan====

azua a milingan a patjara kacalisiyan, ripun a cawcau, valjaka kata ljacalisiyan, nakinemenem a makuikay ta masa a pucekelj a kacalisiyan kata azau a cawcau a paqulid nu nakilangeda taicu a milingan, tuki aicu a milingan mavananga a likisi a namatevetevelj a kacalisiyan tua zuma a zukuan.

==kaizuan(資料來源)==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[pinapapilipiliqan:pinayuanan a kai nua i pasakacedas]]</text>
      <sha1>7fyt79jjb1674actubtat0lqapazbhn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>saviki</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>169</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12738</id>
      <parentid>12696</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-10-21T08:42:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Acelee2016</username>
        <id>1980</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* kemapalisi */</comment>
      <origin>12738</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5788" sha1="0crw4kqol23fh7n1ik176c4wedm3nyp" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;background:#F5F5F5; color: black; font-weight:bold; width: 250px; float:right&quot; 
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#CEFFCE; text-align:center; font-weight:bold&quot; |saviki
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center |[[sineqetj a vecik:Areca catechu - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-014.jpg|thumb|vaqu|220px|center]]
|- style=&quot;background:#CEFFCE; color: black; font-weight:bold; text-align:center&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | sinikeljang ta cemel kata kasiw
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|界
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Plantae
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|演化支
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Angiosperms
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|演化支
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Monocots
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|演化支
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Commelinids
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|目
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Arecales
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;| 科
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Arecaceae
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|屬
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |''Areca''
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;| 種
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |''A. catechu''
|-
|- style=&quot;background:#CEFFCE; color: black; font-weight:bold; text-align:center&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | sinivecikan ta cemel kata kasiw
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; align=&quot;center|''Areca catechu''
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; font-size=&quot;5pt&quot; align=&quot;center| &lt;small&gt;pinapungadan ni Carl von Linné&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:#CEFFCE; color: black; font-weight:bold; text-align:center&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |zumanga a ngadan
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|kinakaian na amerika
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Areca
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|pinairangan
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |pun-nn̂g
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|ciniukuan
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |檳榔
|-
|}

aicu a makamaza i ljavljav a qinaljan liav a sinitalam a tjapacucunan, aza qapulu sevesevec a pasa vavav, nu [[venangalj]] namavalid namacaicaing, a kapac nakemerap, inika marekutj ta vali, pazangal a maveceluq a maipuq.

azua a saviki a kemasi a malaysia, sa tinalem a masanliawliaw i taiwan. aicu a saviki, mavananga a tjaljapazngalan tua kakudan nua kacalisiyan a paywan.tuki a puvaljaw, palisian, kinataliduan kata kalakudakuda, tjara avan a saviki.

azua a kakudan nua paywan, izuazua a saviki a tinalem idedet tua tjumaq na kacalisiyan, sa avananga a vincekadan nua katjunangan. kata, nugljingulj a valjangaw nua saviki nu venuciar, sa bulaybulay tua nasi na [[kacalisian|kacalisiyan]]. izua a qaca a kasiw na saviki, avan a kivangavang tua remaqiz a kaqunuwan uta.

tuqadavqadavan, tjara padjele a saviki tua patjavang ta qaljaqalja, sa nu nekanga a saviki, ini a maqati a kisudju kata puvaljaw. nu puvaljawanga, maqati a kasusu a uqaljay a qaluin ta taringucan a saviki kata a zuma a levan, sa aicu a pacugan, avan a kinisenayan tua tjuruvu a aljak kata kakiljivakan nia uqaljay. auza a [[paruk]] nua saviki a sinipalisi, sa maqati a kasiw nua saviki ta temapau, maqati azua a asaw(rapanq) na saviki tua papizuanan ta kakanem, kata ljinama tua pecungu., saka, nu kalakudakuda tia kacalisiyan, tjara padjele a saviki numaya.

==patjara sikudakudan nua saviki==
[[sineqetj a vecik:Binlang.JPG|thumb|right|230px|aicu a saviki.]]
===sisanqaljaqalja===
nu izua tja qaljaqalja tja cunguljan pumaya a uqaljay a vavayan, tjangtjangen a maneapu a tja sipasedjalu.
===sikisudjusudju===
nu papucekelj itjen a sauqaljay, kemacu tua saviki kata djinaljeng a vava, katua seman ljakarav ta saviki, tua tja paqaljayan ta sauvavayan.

aicu a saviki a sinipaukuz, mavan a apipian a saviki, saka izua te'ung, saviki, amis uta, tu sinipatarevan  ta pausevu tua vavayan, nu  izua nakuyan taicu a saviki, mavan sinanemasiya' tjaivavayan. 
===sisenasenay===
numasudjusudju ka sicuyan, sinan parutavak tua tjengelayan ta sudju. (saviki i kaljualjuvng mataita a venusuk), aminsun a ku kinatjengelayan siniaya.

saka, itua senay nua masisi, aicu a saviki a patarevan tua ' iniladjan kata nasi nua mamazangiljan. 

=== sikivangavangavang===
kasicuayan a kakedriyan sinankuku, aza namalaic a livuljung makaya remakac a kivangavang; aza uqaljaqaljay malalumalj tua kemavakav tua qapulu.
=== sisansipayzan===
nukaljazalangzangan malap tua livuljung saqecapi aseman sipaizan tu sipaipaiz masuzulek itjen.

=== '''kemapalis'''i ===
nu matjez itjen tua 'inaljan a kasicuayan, [[tjara]] padjele tjelu a apu kata tjelu a kupu a vava tu sinanepaqaljayan tjai sevalitan.

==milingan a patjara saviki==
ka sicuayan izua ti sa tjukutjuku, qau mapuapu timadju, kacuaiyanga vaik a sema tjatjan, qau sidjilay i tjatjan azua inapuan; qau sa cemuvuq azua djilai tua saviki. qau meqacanga azua saviki [[venangalj]], qau kisavikin anga ni sa tjukutjuku tu apuin. azua tisa tjukutjuku, ka vaik a kivala sema zua itjua tapav nua mareqali, inika pinarimasudj a tapav, qau suapan ni sa tjukutjuku, sa tjangtjangan ta saviki, sa vaik a cemikel a tjumaq. mangtjez a mareqali, ljaqa tima nasemuap tua tja tapav? tjananguaq a tja raungen aya, qau raungen nua mareqali, manu mangtjez azua ti sa tjukutjuku. ka ivililjanga, sini pakigaljuanga tua tjalja sauqaljayan a uqaljai, sa papucekelji. pai sinivalet tua nanguaqan ni tjukutjuku ayaya za milimilingan.


==kakudanan==
tja si’alja’alja’alja aicu a apu nu izua a mangetjez a kivala.


==papuapuan==
kana cekeljananga tjara izua sakamaya a papuapuan i tjumaq. a papuapuan papusavikian tua tjatjangtjangen

==ljakarav==
aicu a tarar, palalj katua saviki namasan [[ljakarav]] itua [[paukuz]] nua [[mamazangiljan]] nu pucekecekelj.

[[sineqetj a vecik:排灣族婚禮的聘禮 -檳榔115.jpg|thumb|saviki]]

==qunvulj==
aicu a saviki, [[lekelek]] katua [[dridri]] si qunvulj tua naqemati.

==kasizuan==
鄭漢文等，2004，《排灣族民族植物》。臺北：行政院農業委員會林業試驗所。P286。</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>vatu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>182</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12742</id>
      <parentid>11250</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-10-21T08:47:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Acelee2016</username>
        <id>1980</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* milingan tuki tjaucikel i kaljaljau na vatu */</comment>
      <origin>12742</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4184" sha1="iwde72w857ban946peqddb818y4ie2w" xml:space="preserve">{| style=&quot;background:#F5F5F5; color: black; font-weight:bold; width: 250px; float:right&quot; 
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#FFD1A4; text-align:center; font-weight:bold&quot; |vatu 
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center |[[sineqetj a vecik:Coat types 3.jpg|250px|center]]
|- style=&quot;background:#FFD1A4; color: black; font-weight:bold; text-align:center&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | sinikeljang
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|界
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Animalia
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|門
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Chordata
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|綱
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Mammalia
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|目
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Carnivora
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|科
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |Canidae
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|屬
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |''Canis''
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|種
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |''C. lupus''
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|亞種
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |''C. l. familiaris''
|-
|- style=&quot;background:#FFD1A4; color: black; font-weight:bold; text-align:center&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | sinivecikan
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; align=&quot;center|''Canis lupus familiaris''
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; font-size=&quot;5pt&quot; align=&quot;center|(Linnaeus, kacaviljan a 1758)
|-
|- style=&quot;background:#FFD1A4; color: black; font-weight:bold; text-align:center&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |zumanga a ngadan
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|kinakaian na amerika
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |dog
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|pinairangan
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |káu-á
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|kai a sakizaya
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |wacu
|-
| style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;|ciniukuan
| style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot; |狗
|-
|}

'''vatu(狗)'''

==milingan na vatu==
kasicuayan, garavagavan a vatu inika paquziquzipen, izua tu itaqadaw, vaik a sema cemecemel a [[cinunan]] manu padjumak tua djaljau angata garavagavan, maulau isauniuni. manu kinemenem a cinunan tu nu izuacu a garavagavan uri maqeljing angata timadju, a pusaladj a qemaljup ta qemuziquzip, kinemnem tu kudain a qemaljup tu masa niamadju. keljangen niamadju tu pusequ ta zua qemuziquzip. seman qavay sa vengetji tua quvalj a ladruadruq, sa pavengetjan a pitua ricing nua kasiw, pai manu a qemuziquzip maveca sa vaik a keman tuazua qavay itua ricing nua kasiw, kavililj anga masan qali anga nua caucau sa papungadani anga tu vatu.

===milingan tuki tjaucikel i kaljaljau na vatu===
kasicuacuayanga, izuazua a macidilj a uqaljay kata vavayan a macidilj a napinaljak na [[djilung]], sa papuvaljawanga tiamadju tua pualjak ta caucaw na paiwan. saka, nakemeljanganga a taqaljaqaljan nua kuljailjau ta aljak nua a vavayan a lumamad na djilung kata vulung timadju. kasicuacuayanga, izua a tjelu a djilung mavan a king kata vuteqiteqilj, sa namacugcug a vatu ta djilung, qaw macekas azua a djilung sa izuanga a macidilj a vavayan a lumamad. nu maqacuvucuvunganga azua a vavayan a lumamad sa napuvaljaw kata vulung, qaw pinualjak ta matjelu a uqaljay niamadju. azua a kilaingan mavananga a mazangilj na kuljaljau, a djaljedjalj avananga a mazanglj na qapedang, qaw aza a aljak a sikamasantjelulj a mavananga a sivalitan nua pulingaw.

izua a tjaucikel i kuljaljau, a sivalitan niamdju a kemasi i kacedas tua kaledep tua taiwan sa izuaga a qinaljan niamadju imaza. qaw kasicuacuayanga, izuazua i kurasaru tiamadju; sa izua a matjelu a qacuvucuvung a uri vaivaik tua cemuljev ta qaqaljupan kata kemikim ta kadjunangan ta temapaw. qaw nu mangetjezanga aza vatu kaizuanan sa gemiring tiamdju, ika vaivaik. saka, uri semanumaq tiamadju ta sikamasanitalj a umaq izua, a pinaka ta kuljaljau imaza, a sikamasanitalj a umaq niamadju a pinaka ta girhing uta.

sa marivurivu tia marekakakaka a matjelu sa vaivaik tiamadju, uri semanumaq tiamadju a macidilj; ljawa matjiljivanan a umaq niamadju: a umaq na djaljedjalj a pinaka ta qamuli, qaw a umaq na a aljak a sikamasantjelulj a pinaka ta radan. aicu a tjelu a ngadan na umaq mavananga a nagdan nua mamazangiljang i kuljaljau, sa uri namasanqapuluan a kaljaljau imaza.

==milimilingan==
a ita milimilingan vatu a na zemang ta qacilu na qadav.


==pacunu uta==
* [[gung]]


&lt;!--Interwikis--&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>kaljaljaljeqelan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>658</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12745</id>
      <parentid>12401</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-10-21T08:52:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Acelee2016</username>
        <id>1980</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>12745</origin>
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      <text bytes="712" sha1="qwvs3jcgrtusonsnsf5e6u1tlpomik3" xml:space="preserve">[[sineqetj a vecik:Sila grande.jpeg|縮圖]]
'''kaljaljaljeqelan(冬天)'''
madjaljun anga [[seleman]] a gadav nu kaljaljeqelan.

==milimilingan a patjara kaljaljaljeqelan==

===kakukakudan nua sepusiyan (Persian)===
siaya nia sepusiyan tua vecekadananan nua i kaljaljaljeqelan mavan a ''Yaldā''. na pupalisian a sepusiyan taicu a ''Yaldā'' a kemasi tjasicuayan a patje tucu. 

izua makasimatjelj a kinaqadaqadavan nu i vecekadan a caviljan ayatua.

maretimaljimalji a sinipadrasi nua qadav a tja kadjunangan.

vuteqilj a sulja nu kalja vuceleljan. nu kaljavuceleljan salapelj saka ljalje’el.


==vali==
barusbus a vali nu kalja vuceleljan. a [[vali]] nu kaljavuceleljan maru djaum(ljigim) anga a temcetecek.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>kaljapang</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>664</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12741</id>
      <parentid>11321</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-10-21T08:46:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Acelee2016</username>
        <id>1980</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* sikakudanan */</comment>
      <origin>12741</origin>
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      <text bytes="2030" sha1="7jthdpcu4csos5r9x8q0cu3wl36keeo" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Murraya paniculata 05.jpg|250px|thumb|]]
masanliawliaw a kaljapang i indiya, [[Malaysia|malasiya]], [[Pilipinas|pilipinias]], ukinawa(琉球)kata i sidipan i [[Taiwan|taiwan]] a lizukan. aicu a kaljapang mavan a rurazek sa tjakedri a kasiw, qaw rupacun taicu a kasiw itua kacasavan na [[Paiwan|payuwan]] tua qemapaz. nu venuciyar ta vicelacelay a hana na kaljapang, sanguljingulji angata itua umaqan. aza ngadan a pacugan na “加羅板” i tawugu na [[valangaw|taitu]] a king mavan a liaw a kaljapang i kadjunagnan izua. sa, izua a cawcau a alapen aicu a kasiw a ngadan tua papungadan ta umaqan, sa pinaka a “tja’aljapang”.

== sikakudanan ==
uri masancinunan a [[Paiwan|payuwan]] nu nakivavuyanga timadju, uri alapen a tjaljananguaqan a [[kasiw]] a santuzungan na [[Paiwan|payuwan]], mananga nu cemual a kudrakudral a [[vavuy]], inika pavalat tua [[vavuy]] aza [[tjakit]]. qaw, masa a kinakemudan na [[kasiw]] nua kaljapang sa madjulu a kigemgem, kata caljeqil sa inika madjulu a veneceluq taza kasiw, saka aicu a kaljapang a tjaljananguaqan a kasiw a santuzungan.

aicu a asav na kaljapang, maqati uta a semanpikak. uri pazulju a [[Paiwan|payuwan]] taza [[karuveljevelj]], [[atap]] kata kaljapang tua semanpikak, qaw qaljemeqem aza vawa sa inika madjulu a mapulaw. nu tjaliaw a kaljapang nu semanpikak, uri tjamacam aza vawa nu venawanga; nu tjaliaw a [[karuveljevelj]], uri tjasaluman aza vawa nu venawanga.

maya culeculeq nu semanpikak, mananga qaveleng aicu a pikak, sa qaljeceqec a vawa.

kasicuyanga, izuanga a kakudan tua kivecik. namacaqu a cemepu a vavayavayan, uri kivecik ta lima niamadju, qaw uri kivecik tua valjanga a uqaljaqaljay. nu namaytazua, nalap ta ricing na kaljapang sa cemedap kata kemuljav, qaw uri sipakivecik aicu a kaljapang a ricing na [[Paiwan|payuwan]], sa izua a quljemu a liljuwas sa bulabulay a vinecikan nua tjapayuwan.

== kaizuanan ==
鄭漢文、王相華、鄭惠芬、賴紅炎編(2005)，《排灣族民族植物》，行政院農業委員會林業試驗所。P103-104。</text>
      <sha1>7jthdpcu4csos5r9x8q0cu3wl36keeo</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>milimilingan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>741</id>
    <revision>
      <id>12735</id>
      <parentid>12434</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-10-21T08:39:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Acelee2016</username>
        <id>1980</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* milimilingan a sekacedas */</comment>
      <origin>12735</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1354" sha1="7s0lv74hnko8upr26mi67p9on57p3ai" xml:space="preserve">==milimilingan a sekacedas==
[[sineqetj a vecik:Eleusine indica, closeup.jpg|縮圖|277x277像素|aicu a ljaras.]]izua a milimilingan a sekacedas, kasicuacuayanga nu mazaljum, qacaqaca a zaljum. qaw izua a marekaka a kaka a uqaljay a tjavulung kata kaka a vavayan a tjaljaljak itua zaljum. ljakua, puqimang tiamadju masa djemakuc taza ljaras mavan a cemel tiamadju, sa inika macay.

ljakua, nekanga katjunangan niamadju, qaw nekanga a umaqan niamadju uta, sa qemauqaung tiamadju.

numatazuwa, izua a ita a qatjudray a tevuta, qaw masangadugaduan a caqi naicu a qatjudray. sa tjaljuzuwanga itua gadu aza marekaka.

ljaku inika a sarenguaq a sikavaljutan niamadju, masa neka a sapuy niamadju.
[[sineqetj a vecik:Earthworm.jpg|縮圖|278x278像素|aicu a qatjudray.[[sineqetj a vecik:Chrysomya megacephala male.jpg|縮圖|261x261px|aicu a lalangaw.]]]]
izua a makatalj, izua a minlayalayap a lalangaw, qudjidjilj a maca nimadju. qaw nu pacucun aza marekaka taza lalangaw, izua a kinemeneman niamadju. sa alapen ta drusa a kasiw niamadju tu madjadjemuas aza kasiw. qaw, izua a sapuy sa pucungu tiamadju.

nu masan tua maqacuvucuvung tiamadju a marekaka, uri qemuma tiamadju i katjunangan na qatjudray. kemikim tiamadju taza vurasi, vasa kata vusam na vaqu uta, sa venusam tiamadju, qaw liaw a lami niamadju nutjaivililj.


liav a milimilingan nua payuanzuku.</text>
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