Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 3722 119096 107511 2024-12-13T03:06:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119096 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hospital room ubt.jpeg|thumb|Ibitaro]] '''Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i [[Kigali]]''' (CHUK mu magambo ahinnye y’[[igifaransa]]; izina mu gifaransa: ''Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''University Teaching Hospital of Kigali'') ni kimwe mu bitaro byo mu gihugu byoherezwa mo abarwayi bakomerewe cyane. Bifite inshingano zo gutanga inyigisho no guhugura abagize umwuga akazi ko kuvura, kuvura bikwiye abantu ari bose baje kuhivuriza no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi mu buvuzi. == Amateka == Ibi bitaro byubatswe muri mwaka w'1918, bitangira bikora nk'ikigo nderabuzima mu mwaka w'1928.<ref>Ibitaro bya CHUK biherereye mu mujyi wa Kigali rwagati bigiye kwimurwa - Teradig News</ref> Guhera mu mwaka w'1965 byatangiye gukora nk'ibitaro. Gusa kubera ibibazo byari mu gihugu, guhera muri Mata 1994 kugeza mu mwaka w'1996, ibi bitaro (CHK- Centre Hospitalier de [[Kigali]]/ Ibitaro bya [[Kigali]]) byabaye ikigo nderabuzima, ibitaro by'akarere ndetse nibitaro byorerezwa abarwayi. Mu mwaka wa 2000, hamwe no gushyiraho amategeko Nr. 41/2000 yo ku ya 7/12/2000 ku ishyirwaho no gutunganya ibitaro byigisha bya kaminuza "CHUK", CHK yabaye ikigo cya Leta gifite ubuzimagatozi kizwi ku izina rya "Ibitaro byigisha kaminuza bya [[Kigali]]". Ikindi mu minsi yashize humvikanye inkuru y’umwana wari uri kuvurirwa mu bitaro bya Kaminuza bya Kigali (CHUK), wari waravukanye uburwayi bw’amayobora, aho yari afite ikibyimba cyari ku mutwe ndetse ari kinini kuwuruta.<ref>Ibitaro bya CHUK byavuye umwana wari ufite ikibyimba kiruta umutwe we cyari cyarafashe ku bwonko | IGIHE</ref> == Aho biherereye == Ibitaro byigisha bya kaminuza bya Kigali / CHUK, biherereye mu akarere ka nyarugenge kuri KN 4 Ave, Umujyi wa [[Kigali]]. == Amashakiro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20120509050415/http://www.chk.org.rw/ [[Category:Umuti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] 8kl086y8bvma7omqlz534ztergg6eah 0 3926 119081 118959 2024-12-12T19:20:07Z Fawxxer 14945 119081 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Syria (2024–2024).svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Siriya</span>]] [[File:Syria in its region (claimed).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Siriya</span>]] [[Dosiye:ROU AR Siria CoA.png|thumb|ROU AR Siria CoA]] '''Siriya''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''سورية‎ ''' cyangwa '''الجمهورية العربية السورية''') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 17,064,854 (2014), batuye kubuso bwa km² 185,180. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Siriya witwa [[Damasiko]]. {{Aziya}} [[Category:Siriya| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 8ln01h1sni67hepytokv8pldanyav7z 0 3937 119145 107692 2024-12-13T07:21:35Z Gjohgym Premier 14965 119145 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Thailand.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Tayilande</span>]] [[File:Location Thailand ASEAN.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Tayilande</span>]] [[Dosiye:Thailand-Exclusive-Economic-Zone.png|thumb|Thailand exclusive- economic -zone]] '''Tayilande''' (izina mu [[gitayi]] : '''ราชอาณาจักรไทย''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Cyahoze cyitwa '''Siyam'''. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 68,863,514 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 513,120. Umwami w'abami n'umugabekazi wa Tayilande ni Tristan Poupart na Léane Blanche. {{Aziya}} [[Category:Tayilande| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 9ytj25oo2xjmnal43ng8d9ptvwt12ea 0 5881 119099 112966 2024-12-13T03:27:49Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119099 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Brennnessel 1.JPG|thumb|228x228px|<span style="color:grey;">Igisura</span>]] [[Dosiye:2020_year._Herbarium._Urtica_dioica._img-009.jpg|thumb|Ikibabi cy'Igisura]] [[Dosiye:Urtica dioica 137787256.jpg|thumb|Igisura]] [[Dosiye:Urtica-dioica4.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'igisura]] [[Dosiye:Vegetable plants.jpg|thumb|igisura]] [[Dosiye:Sapium sebiferum BG.jpg|thumb]] '''Igisura''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Urtica dioica'') ni [[ikimera]].Igisura ni ikimera gifite inkomoko ku mugabane wa Aziya, kizwi mu ndimi z’amahanga nka “Stinging nettle cyangwa urtica dioica”. Gikunda kumera ahantu hakonje, mu [[Rwanda]] kikaba kiboneka mu bice byegereye ibirunga. == Tumenye Igisura == Igisura kiribwa nk’imboga zitetse, abandi bakoramo umutobe, mu gihe abandi ifu yacyo banywa mu mazi ; gusa byose bikize ku ntungamubiri nkuko bigaragazwa n’urubuga rwa Doctissimo.Mu [[Rwanda]] bamwe mubafite indwara nka Diabete, umuvudukoka w’amaraso, igifu n’indwara z’uruhu bakoresha igisura nk’umuti.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/article/wari-uzi-ko-igisura-kiribwa-kandi-ari-umuti</ref>Ubushakashatsi bwemejwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe ubuzima OMS, bugaragaza ko kunywa amazi y’igisura bituma umuntu abasha kwihagarika neza, ndetse kigafasha gusohora imyanda.Mu bijyanye n’ibiribwa kigira intungamubiri zirimo vitamin C, A, imyunyungugu, nka Potassium, Magnesium, calcium zitera amagufa gukomera.<ref name=":1">https://intambwenews.com/2021/02/11/akamaro-kigisura-grandeortienetllle/</ref>Igisura ni ikimera kigira ibinyabutabire bitandukanye; Serotonin, Histamine na Acetylcholine, bikaboneka mu duhwa dutoya tuboneka ku bibabi n’uruti rw’igisura, iyo dukoze ku muntu bituma aribwa ndetse agafuruta.Abashakashatsi benshi bagaragaza ko igisura gifitiye akamaro umubiri wa muntu, haba urubuga rwa draxe, www.pfaf.org hamwe n’izindi zitandukanye zivuga ko gukoresha igisura bivura indwara nyinshi zihungabanya ubuzima bw’umuntu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/06/burya-igisura-cyuzuyemo-intungamubiri.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301142241/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/06/burya-igisura-cyuzuyemo-intungamubiri.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>Igisura kirinda kanseri ya Prostate ku bagabo, kikaba umuti kubarwara diabete iterwa n’isukari, umuvuduko mwinshi w’amaraso, ndetse ni umuti kubantu bagira umunaniro w’ubwonko nka morphine n’inzoga, gusa sibyiza ko gikora ku mugore utwite.Igisura gifasha kugabanya ububabare ndetse no kubyimba mu ngingo (Arthritis), ku bantu barwaye za Rubagimpande.<ref name=":0" />Igisura gifasha umutima gukora neza, kirinda utubuye mu mpyiko (Kidney stones), kikagira imboga zifasha mu kongera amaraso. == Uburyo Utunganya Igisura == Mu gutegura igisura ,barabanza bakagitunganya neza ,bakagisukura ubundi kikumishwa ,kigakorwamo agafu ari nako bakoresha gashyirwa mu biryo ,kubitekamo imboga ,cg kikaba cyakorwamo icyayi.Icyayi cyakozwe mu gafu k’igisura gishobora kongerwamo isukari cg indimu kugira ngo kirusheho kuryoha.Ku bantu bamwe gukoresha igisura hari igihe biba bisaba ko bitonda cyane cyane nko ku bantu gitera ikibazo cya allergies,abantu bafite ikibazo cy’indwara z’igifu ,abagore batwite n’abonsa ndetse n’aabntu bafite indwara z’umutima.<ref name=":2" /> == Igisura gifite Vitamini == Kirakize cyane mu myunyu mwimerere, cyane cyane muri :-Fer : yo gutunganya amaraso. Abayibuze bagira amaraso akennye bakandura indwara vuba, n’agakorora kadakira,Magnésium : igira akamaro mu maraso no mu magufwa,Calcium = Silicium : bitera amagufwa gukomera, umutima ugatera neza, n’ubwonko bugatuza,Bituma umuntu yihagarika neza, ikirukana imyanda iri mu mubiri.<ref name=":1" />Igisura gifite na vitamini A, ishinzwe gukoresha neza ingingo zose no kongerera amaraso umucyo.Igisura gifite na vitamini C, K n’icyitwa Acide forique, ishinzwe kwica imyanda yo mu mubiri. Ni cyo gituma abaganga benshi bacyiyambaza.Gitera kwihagarika neza, gusohoka kw’imyanda mu ngingo, ni cyo gituma gikiza rubagimpande, kuribwa mu ngingo, imisenyi yo mu mpyiko itera kwipfundikanya kw’amaraso. == Amashakiro == [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] miktypvebnko490d8cohpawzjo62xkv 0 6028 119101 116040 2024-12-13T03:37:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119101 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CarrotRoots.jpg|thumb|325x325px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikaroti</span>]] [[Dosiye:Carrots_at_a_farmers_market_in_the_Villages_Florida.png|thumb|Karoti ivuye mu murima|240x240px]] [[File:Carrots - Daucus carota subsp. sativus.jpg|thumb|Carrots - Daucus carota subsp. sativus|237x237px]] [[Dosiye:CarrotDiversityLg.jpg|thumb|ubwoko butandukanye bwama karoti|226x226px]] [[Dosiye:Carottes et poireaux de la ferme Grandjard au marché de la place Albert Thomas.jpg|thumb|Carottes ]] [[Dosiye:Carrots with stems.jpg|thumb|Carrots ]] [[Dosiye:Carrot vendor 2.jpg|thumb|Gucuruza karoti]] [[Dosiye:Special Carrots.jpg|thumb|Special Carrots]] [[Dosiye:EntwinedCarrots.jpg|thumb|Special Carrots]] [[Dosiye:Bunches of carrots.jpg|thumb|Bunches of carrots]] [[Dosiye:Colourful carrots 20211122 ubt.jpg|thumb|Colourful carrots ]] [[Dosiye:Sealed Carrots.jpg|thumb|Sealed Carrots]] [[Dosiye:Hong Kong local produce 1.jpg|thumb|karoti]] [[Dosiye:Carrots - Carota - Wortels - Geze - 胡萝卜- zanahoria - carotte - ニンジン - Flickr - color line.jpg|thumb|Karoti]] [[Dosiye:Münster, Domplatz, Wochenmarkt -- 2019 -- 2663.jpg|thumb|karoti]] [[Dosiye:Carrot Picture.jpg|thumb|Carrot Picture]] [[Dosiye:Carrots of many colors.jpg|thumb|Carrot Picture]] [[Dosiye:Carrot view.jpg|thumb|Carrot view]] [[Dosiye:CarrotRoots.jpg|thumb|karoti]] [[Dosiye:Des carottes.jpg|thumb|Karoti]] [[Dosiye:Wortel.jpg|thumb|karoti]] === '''IRIBURIRO''' === [[Dosiye:Vegetable-Carrot-Bundle-wStalks.jpg|thumb]] Karoti ni ubwoko bw’[[imboga]] bukungahaye kuri vitmini A, B, C na E zifitiye akamaro kanini umubiri w’umuntu mu kuwurinda ubuhumyi n’izindi ndwara, gutuma uruhu rusa neza n’ibindi. Karoti zihingwa ahantu hose, mu butaka  buseseka, buhitisha [[amazi]] kandi bufumbiye.ubwoko bwa karoti zitwa Nantes, Kuva mu myaka ibihumbi ishize, muri Afuganisitani batangiye guhinga karoti. Karoti ni igihingwa gifite ibara risa na oranje, riri hagati y'umutuku n'umuhondo. Ifasha muri byinshi, haba mu kurinda no kuvura.Gusa kuri ubu ntaho idahingwa nawe wayihingira mu karima k'igikoni.<ref name=":0">https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/impamvu-ukwiriye-kwihatira-kurya-karoti-niba-utajyaga-uzirya</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ka-karoti-ku-buzima/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143646/https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ka-karoti-ku-buzima/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/karoti-ingirakamaro-ku-buzima-bwiza-bw-amaso-amenyo-umutima-n-amagufa</ref> === Ibigize Karoti === • Karoti ikungahaye kuri vitamin A. Ifite kandi na vitamin C. • Karoti irimo poroteyine nyinshi • Karoti ibamo ibyitwa beta-carotene • Karoti ibamo isukari. • Karoti ibamo vitamin K na E [[Dosiye:Daucus carota subsp. sativus,Karotten.JPG|thumb|umurima wa karoti]] • Karoti ikungahaye ku myunyu ngugu nka karisiyumu, ubutare (fer/iron), potasiyumu, manyeziyumu, manganeze, fosifore na zenki (zinc).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> === Akamaro ka karoti === Kuba karoti ikungahaye ku byo tuvuze haruguru, bituma igira umumaro ukurikira: Ifasha mu kubona cyane cyane butangiye kugoroba Ifasha mu gukura, bitewe na vitamin A irimo Ifasha mu kurwanya kanseri y amaraso no mu gutuma amaraso akama vuba mu gihe ukomeretse Ifasha mu kurwanya kanseri zitandukanye nka kanseri ya prostate ifata abagabo, na kanseri y ibihaha Ifasha mu gusohora imyanda mu mubiri Ituma ugira uruhu rwiza, ikanatuma rutagaragaza gusaza!!! Karisiyumu irimo ituma amagufa akomera Irinda indwara z umutima Ifitiye akamaro amenyo n ishinya [[Dosiye:ABAKOZI.jpg|thumb|Karoti]] Ifasha abarwaye diyabete<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> === Uko ikoreshwa === [[Dosiye:Starr-131216-2781-Daucus carota subsp sativus-leaves-Hawea Pl Olinda-Maui (24601684013).jpg|thumb|karote]] Karoti ikoreshwa mu buryo bunyuranye. Iribwa bayihekenya, iyo ubikoze umaze kurya birinda amenyo n ishinya Ushobora kuyikuramo umutobe wayo ukawunywa. Bigurira akamaro inyama zo mu nda nk amara n igifu. Kuyikoramo salade (kuyirapa, cg kuyicamo uduce duto) Iyo uyiseye ugashyira ku gisebe bikirinda mikorobi.Iyo ushaka kuyirya itetse si byiza kuyikaranga, ahubwo uyishyira ku byo kurya birangiye gutogota kugirango utica intungamubiri zirimo.Karoti imwe nini ku munsi, buri munsi, yagufasha mu kugabanya inshuro ujya kwa muganga.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> === Gutegura umurima wa karoti === Mu murima urambuye, hinga utageza hasi isuka mbere yo gutera karoti cyangwa se uzitere mu  mu mitabo yigiye hejuru ifite m1 kugeza kuri m 1.2 mu bugari kugira ngo woroshye uburyo bwo kubagara, gusukira no kugabanya indwara zituruka mu butaka. Imitabo kandi ifasha imizi ya karoti gucengera neza mu butaka  kandi igatuma ubutaka bugumana amazi.<ref name=":3">https://www.teradignews.rw/menya-akamaro-gakomeye-ko-kurya-karoti-ku-buzima-bwumuntu/</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article3988 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143653/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article3988 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== '''Gukoresha amafumbire''' ==== Karoti zikenera intungagihingwa cyane cyane by’umwihariko Potasiyumu (Kg100/ha), na Azote ku rugero ruringaniye (kg50/ha) na Fosifori  (kg 50 /ha). Karoti ntizikunda umunyu mwinshi wa Kalisiyumu, kandi zibasirwa n’indwara iyo ubusharire bw’ubutaka buri hejuru ya 5.5. Ni ngombwa gukoresha ihwagara igihe ubusharire bw’ubutaka buri hasi ya 5.5. Ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza igirira Karoti akamaro iyo ikoreshejwe ku buryo buringaniye  (Toni 20-25/ha). Gufumbiza ifumbire itarabora cyangwa ibisigazwa bibisi by’imyaka bishobora gutuma karoti zigira ibijumba  bifite isura mbi utabasha gusukura ku buryo bworoshye cyangwa kugurisha ku isoko.<ref name=":5">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143647/https://agakiza.org/Ese-kurya-karoti-bimaze-iki.html</ref><ref name=":6">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thleQ9TPfVY</ref> ==== Gutera Karoti ==== Hakenerwa umurama wa Karoti ungana na garama 600 kuri Hegitari 1. Intera isigara hagati y’imirongo ni cm 20 na cm5-8 hagati ya karoti n’indi, bitewe n’ubwoko bw’imbuto cyangwa bw’ubutaka. Umurama uterwa uvangwa n’umucanga mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 0.5-1. Mu mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 20, mu butaka bwatunganyijwe neza, bwahinzwe bageza isuka muri cm 30 z’ubujyakuzimu. Hakurikiraho korosa agataka gake ku murama wanyanyagijwe mu mirongo no gutwikiriza ibyatsi byumye ahamaze guterwa no kuvomerera kugira ngo karoti zimere.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/10/ibanga-ryo-kurya-karoti-ibyiza-nibyago.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143654/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/10/ibanga-ryo-kurya-karoti-ibyiza-nibyago.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-karoti.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143646/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-karoti.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Gufata neza umurima wa karoti ==== Karoti zimera nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu zitewe. Iyo zameze bakuraho ibyatsi byari bitwikiriye umurima.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-karoti.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143646/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-karoti.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== '''Gusasira''' ==== Uburyo bwiza bwo kugumana ubuhehere mu butaka no kurinda karoti kuma ni ubwo gukoresha isaso. Unyanyagiza isaso ifite umubyimba wa cm 5 kugeza kuri cm 10 hagati y’imirongo ya karoti kugira ngo ifashe ubutaka gukomeza guhehera. Ntugashyire isaso hejuru ya karoti ahubwo uyishyira hagati yazo. Isaso ntifasha karoti gukurira mu butaka buhehereye gusa, ahubwo irumbura n’ubutaka kuko itanga intungagihingwa zikenewe. Na none isaso ituma ibyatsi bibi bitamera mu murima wa karoti.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/110026/impamvu-ukwiriye-kwihatira-kurya-karoti-niba-utajyaga-uzirya-110026.html</ref> ==== '''Kwicira''' ==== [[Dosiye:This is a carrot.jpg|thumb|420x420px|karoti zifunz mwishashi]] Karoti ziricirwa hagasigara intera ya cm 3-5 ku murongo kugira ngo zikure neza. Kwicira karoti ni ni ukurandura udutoturimo kugira ngo haboneke umwanya izasigaye zikuriramo. Ibyiza ni ukwicira karori inshuro 2. Ubwa mbere wicira karoti zimaze kugera kuri cm 10 z’uburebure, ukaranduramo uduto tudakura neza cyangwa izameze hejuru y’izindi . Iyo wicira karoti usiga akanya gato hagati ya karoti n’indi. Wicira karoti ku nshuro ya kabiri hashize kwezi wiciye bwa mbere, ugakuramo izidakura neza kandi ugasiga akanya kari hagati ya cm 3 na cm5 hagati ya karoti.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ==== '''Gusukira''' ==== Ingemwe za Karoti zishobora gusukirwa igihe ibijumba bitangiye kubyibuha kugira ngo bigumane ubuhehere kandi ntibigire imitwe y’icyatsi kubisi. Gerageza gusukirakaroti ushyira itaka mu mpandez’imitwe y’ibijumba byazo. Karoti zikura zizamuka zigasa n’izivana mu butaka, imitwe y’ibijumba byazo igahinduka icyatsi kibisi. Kuzisukira bituma imitwe y’ibijumba byazo igumana ibara rya oranje.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ==== '''Kuvomerera''' ==== Nyuma y’icyumweru uteye karoti,ugomba gutangira kuzivomerera.Kugira ngo zikure neza, karoti zisaba amazi agera byibura kuri cm2 z’ubujyakuzimu. Mu gihe nta mvura igwa mu karere umurima uherereyemo, ni byiza kuvomerera. Ushoboragukoresha igitembo kimisha amazi cyangwa se uburyo bwo kuhira imyaka ariko bushobora guhenda.Mbere yo kuvomerera Karoti, ubanza guca agaferege ka cm 10 hagati y’imirongo ya karoti, wabona ubutaka bwumagaye ukabona kuvomerera, bwaba buhehereye ukaba ubyihoreye.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7" /> ==== '''Kubagara''' ==== Karoti zikiri ntoyaziba zitarakomera kandi zikura gahoro gahoro, ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa kurwanya ibyatsi bibi bimeramo mu byumweru bike bikurikira kumera. Ubagara uharura ibyati mu murima ukoresheje agasuka.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> ==== Indwara n'ibyonnyi kuri karoti ==== ==== '''Kirabiranya (''Alternaria dauci'')''' ==== Iyi ndwara iterwa n'uduhumyo twitwa . Amabara y'ikigina kijimye cyangwa ikijuju aza ku mababi. Ahakikije ayo mabara hahinduka umuhondo, maze amababi yafashwe akuma. Amababi ashaje ni yo abanza gufatwa, kandi aho indwara yakabije ni ho amababi akiri mato afatwa. Ibibara binini bishobota kuza ku nkondo y'amababi ariko ntibize ku mababi Mu bihe by'ubushyuhe burimo ubuhehere, gupfa kw'amababi yafashwe birihuta cyane ku buryo ubona karoti yarabiranye rwose. Uduhumyo dutera iyi ndwara dufata imbuto, kandi dushobora kuguma mu butaka igihe kirekire twibera mu bisigazwa by'ibihingwa.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> ==== '''Kuyirwanya:''' ==== * Gukoresha imbuto za kijyambere zidapfa gufatwa n'iyi ndwara niba zihari. * Gukoresha imbuto zahawe icyemezo zitarwaye. Igihe umuhinzi akoresheje imbuto yibikiye, agomba kubanza kuzisukura n'amazi ashyushyes. * Gusimburanya ibihingwa no kugirira isuku umurima. * Kongera urumuri mu murima wicira karoti no guhinga ku mitaboKudakoresha . * Kudakoresha cyangwa gukoresha ifumbire nkeya irimo azote. * Kugenzura umurima kenshi kugira ngo uramutse ubonye ibimenyetso ugire icy ukora hakiri kare. * [[Dosiye:Bunches of carrots.jpg|thumb|418x418px|imifungo ya caroti]]Gukoresha umuti urimo umuringa bishobora kugabanya ubwandu. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ==== '''Urubobi''' ==== Iyi ndwara iterwa n'agahumyo kitwa "Erysiphe polygoni (''E. heraclei'')". Irangwa n'urubobi rwera rugaragara ku mababi. Amababi yafashwe araraba akuma. Iyi ndwara ifata imbuto.  <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ==== '''Kuyirinda no kuyirwanya:''' ==== * Gukoresha imbuto zahawe icyemezo zitarwaye. Iyo umuhinzi akoresha imbuto yibikiye, agomba kubanza kuzogesha amazi ashyushye. * Kugirira isuku umurima. * Gutera umuti urimo sirifire ( sulphur based products) aho byemewe.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> ==== '''Indwara zifata karoti mu buhunikiro''' ==== Indwra z’ingenzi zifata karoti zamaze gusarurwa ni ububore buterwa ahaini n’agahumyo bita Sclerotinia  ( soma Sikelerotiniya). Ako gahumyo kanduza karoti zikiri mu murima kanyuze ku rugori rw’ikijumba. Mu gihe karoti zasaruwe zihunitse/ zibitse, ako gahumyo gatuma zizana uruhumbu rw’umweru rukazitwikira. Karoti zafashwe n’ubwo bubore zirorohera kandi zikigiramo amazi. Ushobora kugabanya kwandirika guterwa n’uduhumyo twa Sikelerotiniya ukoresheje ibi bikurikira: (1) Gukoresha umuti wemewe wica uduhumyo mbere yo gusarura ( urugero: Bravo 500) (2) Guhita uvana ku zuba karoti umaze gusarura (3) Kongera umwanya usigara hagati ya karoti n’indi mu murima  kugira ngo wongera ubuhumekero hagati yazo kuko kuba amababi yazo yamara igihe atose bitera ububore (4) Gusimburanya ibihingwa (5) Gukoresha umuti wemewe urwanya za mikorobi igihe umaze gusarura ( urugero: Dowicide (O- phenylphenol) ku rugero rwa gr 98muri litiro y’amazi<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> === Gusarura karoti === Karoti ziba zeze neza nyuma y’amezi abiri kugeza kuri atatu zitewe. Ikigaragaza ko karoti zeze neza ni uko amababi yazo atangira kuba umuhodo, akagenda yuma ahereye kuyo hejuru. Ikindi kandi ubutaka buriyasa ku buryo bugaragara. Karoti zisarurwa bazirandura hakoreshejwe intoki  cyangwa se hagakoreshwa igitiyo cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyoroshya ubutaka kugira ngo basarure Karoti.  Karoti zeze neza ziba zifite ibara rya oranje kuva hasi kugera hejuru n’imbere hose. Umusaruro wa karoti uri hagati ya Toni 20-30/ha. Karoti zigisarurwa zigomba gutoranywa kugira ngo hakurwemo izifite ubusembwa: uduto cyane, izakomeretse, izirwaye, izahindutse icyatsi kibisi, izisatuye n’izishwe n’izuba. Kwigengesera mu gihe urobanura Karoti bizirinda kuraba, guhindura ibara no kuvunagurika.<ref name=":1" /> === Kwita kumusaruro === Gusarura karoti igihe hafutse bizongerera igihe zimara zitangiritse kandi zikagumana ubwiza zasaruranywe. Ubutaka bufutse bwongera ubwiza bwa  karoti zihunitse kuko (1) butuma ibijumba byazo bikonja mbere yo gusarurwa kandi (2) bugatuma mikorobi n’izindi ndiririzi zitera indwara zitiyongera. Bitewe n’ibikenewe ku isoko, Karoti zishobora kugurishwa zaciwe imitwe yazo cyangwa zikiyifite. Karoti zaciwe imitwe zihumeka vuba maze ubwiza bwazo bukangirika vuba kurusha izagumanye imitwe yazo. Karoti zicuruzwa zifite imitwe yazo igomba kugabanywa hagasigara imitwe ireshya na cm2.5. Igihe karoti zihunitse, ni ngombwa kuzitandukanya n’ibihingwa bigira umwuka wa Etilene nka Pome, insenda cyangwa Melo. Gutwara karoti bisaba ubwitonzi- irinde kuzunguza no gucuguza ibitebo birimo karoti kugira ngo zidakomereka cyangwa zikavunagurika.  Mu gihe hashyushye kandi ugomba kujyana karoti ku isoko, zitwikire ukoreheje ihema cyangwa shitingi.  Kirazira kurekera ku zuba karoti wasaruye. Kuzishyira mu gicucu bizigabanyiriza gutakaza amazi. Karoti ziri ku zuba zitakaza ubwiza bwazo vuba kandi zigatakaza amazi ku buryo bwihuse.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9" /> === Amashakiro === [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] g2zdv8a4pcqaai4rtn2ytqeubg93usd 0 9204 119146 107908 2024-12-13T07:38:47Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119146 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jolly Mutesi.jpg|thumb|Jolly Mutesi]]'''Mutesi Jolly''' Yavutse tariki 15 [[Ugushyingo]] 1996, akaba yarize amashuri ye yi ncuke n'abanza mu gihugu cya [[Uganda]] akaba ari naho yavukiye. umwaka wa gatandatu we w'amashuri abanza yawize mu [[Rwanda]] ku kigo cya Remera Academy ya mbere.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/67869/menya-byinshi-kuri-miss-rwanda-2016-67869.html</ref> == MUTESI JOLLY NYAMPINGA WU RWANDA WA GATANU == Mutesi jolly ni umwe mu bakobwa batangiye guhagararira u [[Rwanda]] mu marushanwa y'ubwiza. kurwego mpuzamahanga,ndetse no mubindi bintun byishi bitandukanye mugihugu nyuma yaho atorewe kuba nyampinga wu [[Rwanda]] wagatanu nyuma ya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] yakorewe [[abatutsi]] akaba yarambitswe ikamba tariki 27 [[Gashyantare]] 2016.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/67869/menya-byinshi-kuri-miss-rwanda-2016-67869.html</ref> == Ibikorwa Yakoze == yakiriwe na ambasaderi wu [[Rwanda]] Gen.Maj Charles Karamba muri [[tanzaniya]] ubwo yaragiye gutegura umushinga we wi rushanwa ry'ubwiza rya miss east africa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://imvahonshya.co.rw/miss-mutesi-jolly-yakiriwe-nambasaderi-wu-rwanda-muri-tanzania/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-10-27 |archive-date=2021-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027233423/https://imvahonshya.co.rw/miss-mutesi-jolly-yakiriwe-nambasaderi-wu-rwanda-muri-tanzania/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Uganda-districts-and-capital-map-1-e1693208672957.jpg|thumb|Igihugu cya Uganda Mutesi Jolly yavukiyemo akaba arinaho yize amashuri ye abanza]] == Akarusho == [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Mutesi Jolly]] wambaye ikamba ry'ubwiza nk'umukobwa wahize abandi mu bwiza<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/06/mutesi-jolly-lands-a-juicy-deal-as-vice-president-of-miss-east-africa-beauty-pageant/</ref> umuco ndetse n'ubwenge umwe muri ba nyampinga bazwiho kugira ibitekerezo cyane kandi bakabishyira mubikorwa niwe kandi wagaruye irushanwa rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss East Africa]] ritaherukaga gututumb[[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Akaba yarashyizemo]]<nowiki/>mo imbaraga uko ashoboye kandi byatanze umusaruro kuko rya kwegukanwa n'umunyarwandakazi Shanitah muri 2021. ibyo birori byakataraboneka byabereye mu gihugu cy'abaturanyi cya T[[Tanzaniya|anzaniya ahitwa Milimani cityhall]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://missrwanda.rw/mutesi-jolly/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-21 |archive-date=2022-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221143736/https://missrwanda.rw/mutesi-jolly/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyamakurukazi]] [[Ikiciro:Nyampinga]] d1gc7iypzelloynxvapvshdpqks2fo9 0 9222 119088 106392 2024-12-13T00:38:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Dosiye:Chinedu Ikedieze at AMA Award 24.jpg|thumb|Chinedu Ikedieze muri AMA Award 24]] '''Chinedu Ikedieze''', (yavutse 12 Ukuboza 1977) ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri Nigeriya, rwiyemezamirimo n'umushoramari udasanzwe<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.carmart.ng/public/blog/about-chinedu-ikedieze/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111102832/https://www.carmart.ng/public/blog/about-chinedu-ikedieze/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://buzznigeria.com/chinedu-ikedieze-biography-facts/</ref>. Azwi cyane mu gukina na [[Osita Iheme]] muri firime nyinshi nyuma yo gutera imbere nka bombi muri filime ''Aki na Ukwa'' 2002<ref>https://africamagic.dstv.com/actor/chinedu-ikedieze</ref>. Yagaragaye muri firime zirenga 150 mu mwuga umaze imyaka 20. Yakinnye mu ruhare rw'umwana muri filime nyinshi mu buzima bwe akiri muto kubera igihagararo ndetse n'imiterere y'umubiri<ref>https://www.celebheightwiki.com/chinedu-ikedieze-height</ref>. Azwi nka Aki kubera ibikorwa bye muri film ''Aki na Ukwa'' . Mu 2011, yashakanye n'umuhanga mu kwerekana imideli Nneoma Nwaijah maze bombi babyarana umwana wabo wa mbere mu 2012<ref>https://guardian.ng/tag/chinedu-ikedieze/</ref> == Umwuga == Chinedu yize amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye muri Aba, muri Leta ya Abia. Amaze kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye yakurikiranye Impamyabumenyi ihangane mu buhanzi bwa tiyatere ndetse n'impamyabumeny mu itumanaho rusange yakuye mu kigo gishinzwe imiyoborere n'ikoranabuhanga, Enugu (IMT)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://austinemedia.com/chinedu-ikedieze-aki-biography-daughter-lifestyle-success-story/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111102832/https://austinemedia.com/chinedu-ikedieze-aki-biography-daughter-lifestyle-success-story/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Amaze kurangiza amasomo ye muri IMT, yabanje gushaka kuba umunyamategeko ariko akomeza umwuga we wo gukina filime mu 1998, abanza kugaragara mu nshingano nto. Yatangiye gukina bwa mbere muri filime Evil Men 1998<ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/10/22/chinedu-ikedieze-building-legacy-projects-touching-lives/</ref>. Yiyandikishije mu ishuri rya Flimi rikomeye rya New York mu 2004<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/chinedu-ikedieze/</ref>. [[File:Chinedu Ikedieze at AMA Award 35.jpg|thumb|Chinedu Ikedieze at AMA Award 35]] === Ibyo yakoranye na Osita Iheme === Yinjiye muri Nollywood muri 2000 maze azamuka cyane muri filime ''Aki na Ukwa'' mu 2002 aho yakinnye cyane muri Aki ari kumwe n’undi mukinnyi muto Osita Iheme<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Chinedu-Ikedieze-4849 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111102831/https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Chinedu-Ikedieze-4849 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Aba bombi bakunze kwitwa "Aki Paw Paw" kuva iyi filime isohoka kandi bagaragaye hamwe muri firime nyinshi mu bakinnyi ba mbere. Chinedu na Osita bombi bakomeje kubungabunga chimie ya ecran na offscreen ishimwa cyane na Nollywood<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://9jatoday.com/chinedu-ikedieze/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111102831/https://9jatoday.com/chinedu-ikedieze/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Icyubahiro == Mu 2007, Ikedieze yahawe igihembo cya ''Lifetime Achievement Award'' muri African Movie Academy Awards<ref>https://www.entrepreneurs.ng/chinedu-ikedieze-biography/</ref> . Yahawe kandi icyubahiro n'Iteka rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Repubulika ryatanzwe na Perezida wa Nijeriya icyo gihe Goodluck Jonathan kubera uruhare yagize muri Nollywood no mu kuzamura ubukungu bw'igihugu<ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/chinedu-ikedieze-and-osita-iheme-in-fatty-and-sons/y8zyjml</ref>.  == Umurage == Imyitwarire ye hamwe nabakinnyi bato bakinnyi ba filime Osita Iheme muri film ya ''Aki na Ukwa yo'' mu 2002 iracyavugwa cyane kandi aba bombi cyane cyane imico ya Osita yagiye agaragara muri memes kuva muri 2019 kurubuga rwa Twitter ndetse nizindi mbuga nkoranyambaga ku isi<ref>https://dnbstories.com/2021/06/full-details-of-chinedu-ikediezes-marriage-wife-and-children.html</ref>. Osita yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'abakinnyi bakize muri Nijeriya<ref>https://thexplorion.com/chinedu-ikedieze/</ref>. [[Dosiye:Aki_and_Paw_Paw.jpg|right|thumb| Aki na Paw Paw]] == Amashusho yagayemo == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Notes |- | rowspan="3" |2002 |''Spanner'' |Spanner |with Nkem Owoh |- |''Okwu na uka'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] & Patience Ozokwor |- |''Aka Gum'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- | rowspan="14" |2003 |''The Tom and Jerry'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''The Catechist'' | |with John Okafor |- |''Show Bobo: The American Boys'' |Kizzito |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''School Dropouts'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Pipiro'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Onunaeyi: Seeds of Bondage'' | |with Pete Edochie, [[Osita Iheme]], Patience Ozokwor & Clem Ohameze |- |''Lagos Boys'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Family Crisis'' | | |- |''Charge & Bail'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Back from America'' | |with Rita Dominic |- |'''am in Love'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Akpu-Nku'' | | |- |''Aki na ukwa'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''2 Rats'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]], Patience Ozokwor and Amaechi Muonagor |- | rowspan="5" |2004 |''Spanner Goes to Jail'' | |with Nkem Owoh |- |''Not by Height'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Igbo Made'' | | |- |''Big Daddies'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Across the Niger'' | |with Pete Edochie, Kanayo O. Kanayo & Ramsey Nouah |- | rowspan="8" |2005 |''Village Boys'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Spoiler'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Secret Adventure'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Reggae Boys'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''One Good Turn'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''I Think Twice'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Final World Cup'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Colours of Emotion'' |Ebony |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- | rowspan="15" |2006 |''Young Masters'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Winning Your Love'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] & Patience Ozokwor |- |'''U' General'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] & Patience Ozokwor |- |''Sweet Money'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Royal Messengers'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Magic Cap'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Last Challenge'' | |with Kanayo O. Kanayo & [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Kadura'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Jadon'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Games Men Play'' | |with Chioma Chukwuka, Kate Henshaw-Nuttal, Ini Edo, Mike Ezuruonye & Jim Iyke |- |''Criminal Law'' |Hippo |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Brain Masters'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Brain Box'' | |with Kanayo O. Kanayo & [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Boys from Holland'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Blessed Son'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- | rowspan="7" |2007 |''Thunder Storm'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Stubborn Flies'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Spirit of a Prophet'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] & Clem Ohameze |- |''Powerful Civilian'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Power as of Old'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] & Clem Ohameze |- |''Escape to Destiny'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Cain & Abel'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |} == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] dwipgpcgnrqwri0r5enndhwhyokuz7b 0 9301 119090 111920 2024-12-13T01:52:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119090 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Funeral for an Assassin''''' ni filime yo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]] yasohotse muri 1974 iyobowe na Ivan Hall yasohotse muri [[Amerika]] mu 1977<ref>https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/funeral-assassin</ref><ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/funeral-for-an-assassin/</ref>. == Umugambi == [[Dosiye:Funeral of the Cradock Four.jpg|thumb]] Michael Cardiff numuntu uharanira impinduramatwara wabigize umwuga watojwe cyane muburyo butandukanye bwo kwica<ref>https://www.originalfilmart.com/products/funeral-for-an-assassin-1974</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://spicyonion.com/title/funeral-for-an-assassin-english-movie/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112073640/https://spicyonion.com/title/funeral-for-an-assassin-english-movie/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, gucengera no guhunga amategeko. Amaze gutoroka gereza ashyira ibintu bimuranga ku mubiri wangiritse kugira ngo agaragare ko yapfuye mu gihe ateganya kwihimura kuri guverinoma<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/131963-funeral-for-an-assassin</ref>. Cardiff akoresha ubuhanga bwe mu kwica umucamanza ukomeye bituma urupfu rwe rusa nkimpanuka kugirango atere ibikoresho biturika bitunguranye mu muhango wo kumushyingura witabiriwe n’abimuka n’abanyeganyeza ubutegetsi<ref>https://impdb.fandom.com/wiki/Funeral_for_an_Assassin</ref>. Gusa kapiteni wa polisi udahuje ibitekerezo ari kuri gahunda ze.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://movies.alphacoders.com/movies/view/27865/Funeral-for-an-Assassin |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112073640/https://movies.alphacoders.com/movies/view/27865/Funeral-for-an-Assassin |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/funeral-for-an-assassin/2000110248/</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://m4uhd.tv/watch-movie-funeral-for-an-assassin-1974-239227.html</ref> == * Vic Morrow nka Michael Cardiff * Peter Van Dissel nka Capt. Isabukuru * [[Dosiye:The story of the greatest nations, from the dawn of history to the twentieth century - a comprehensive history, founded upon the leading authorities, including a complete chronology of the world, and (14777797442).jpg|thumb]]Gaby Getz nka Julia Ivens * Sam Williams nka Umzinga * Stuart Parker nka Commandant Overbeek * Gillian Garlick nkabaforomo Schoenfeld * Siegfried Mynhardt nk'umucamanza William Whitfield * Norman Coombes nka Fourie * Chris Bezuidenhout nka Karl Yates * Albert Raphael nka Claude Ormsby * Bruce Anderson nka Minisitiri w’intebe * Henry Vaughn nka Reverend Martin Hemsley * Gwynne Davies nka Magdalena Stewart * Nimrod Motchabane nkumupolisi wumwirabura * John Boulter nk'umuganga ubaga * DeWet Van Rooyen nka Minisitiri * Michael Lovegrove nkumugenzuzi wa DIS * Johan Brewis nkuwatangaje TV * Michael Jameson nkumukozi wa DIS == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y’Epfo]] p4txtb4x2cnnnal1n3zrkmy7hdkhrm0 0 9441 119087 116694 2024-12-13T00:22:12Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119087 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nigeria - Location Map (2013) - NGA - UNOCHA.svg|thumb|branwen yavukiye muri nijeriya ninaho yakuriye]] Prof. '''Branwen Kiemute Okpako''' (yavutse 25 Gashyantare 1969), yavukiye muri [[nijeriya]] gusa akorera umwuga wo gutunganya amaflimi mu [[budage]] <ref>https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako</ref> . Azwi cyane nkumuyobozi wa firime zizwi cyane''The Education of Auma Obama'', ''Dirt for Dinner'' and ''Landing''. . Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, ni n'umwanditsi, producer, sinema, umwanditsi wa firime ndetse numwarimu<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0645701/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 25 Gashyantare 1969 i Lagos, muri [[Nijeriya]]. Afite imyaka 16, yimukiye i Wales<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.branwen-okpako.6623.html</ref> . Mu 1991, Okpako yabonye impamyabumenyi ya B.Sc. mu bumenyi bwa politiki yakuye muri kaminuza ya Bristol, mu [[Bwongereza]] nyuma akaza gukurikira amasomo ya MFA ahwanye na filime iyobowe na Academy ya Filime na Televiziyo yo mu Budage Berlin GmbH, Berlin (DFFB) mu 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.trigon-film.org/en/directors/Branwen_Okpako |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115130914/https://www.trigon-film.org/en/directors/Branwen_Okpako |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259736106_The_Hybrid_Approach_An_Interview_with_the_Filmmaker_Branwen_Okpako</ref><ref>https://muse.jhu.edu/article/492644/pdf</ref> Yashakanye na Johannes Brandrup, nyuma baza gutandukana. == Umwuga == Mugihe mu mwaka wa nyuma wa DFFB, yakoze firime ye ya mbere ya ''Dreckfresser'' mu 2000.<ref>https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako</ref> Filime yibanze ku bapolisi ba mbere b'abirabura mu Budage bw'Iburasirazuba. Filime yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi mpuzamahanga harimo Intambwe Zibanza: Igihembo cy’Abadage Newcomer Igihembo cya Film Documentary 2000, IG Media Award i Dok Leipzig mu 2000, Igihembo cyatanzwe kuva kugurisha 2000<ref>https://ecommerce.umass.edu/defa/projects/special-events/38218</ref><ref>https://africasacountry.com/2015/01/5-questions-for-a-filmmaker-branwen-okpako</ref><ref>https://thi.ucsc.edu/event/branwen-okpako-the-education-of-auma-obama-2/</ref>. Yatsindiye kandi igihembo cyiza cya Filime nziza mu cyumweru cya 24 cya Duisburg. Mu 2001, iyi filime yahawe igihembo cya Leta ya Bavariya Igihembo cyiswe “Intare ikiri nto” ndetse na filime nziza yo gutanga impamyabumenyi mu iserukiramuco rya Docs Dubrovnik<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211115130916/https://www.german-films.de/filmarchive/browse-archive/view/person/person/okpako/index.html</ref>. Usibye sinema, Okpako ni Umwarimu wungirije mu ishami rya Sinema n’itangazamakuru rya Digital muri kaminuza ya California, Davis .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/ShowRatings.jsp?tid=2534083 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115130922/https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/ShowRatings.jsp?tid=2534083 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1995 |''Vorspiel'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Film |- |1997 |''Landing'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Film |- |1998 |''Searching for Tahid'' |Director, writer |Film |- |1999 |''LoveLoveLiebe'' |Director, writer |Film |- |2000 |''Dreckfresser'' (Dirt for Dinner) |Director, writer, producer |TV Movie documentary |- |2003 |''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' (Valley of the Innocent) |Director, writer |Documentary |- |2011 |''Die Geschichte der Auma Obama'' (The Education of Auma Obama) |Director, writer, editor, producer |Documentary |- |2014 |''Fluch der Medea'' (Curse of Medea) |Director, writer, editor, cinematographer |Film |- |TBD |''Arbitrary Fairytales'' |Actress: Blue (voice) |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] skr0zq9dcqblyicxjkvelwloaufc47r 0 9979 119079 118891 2024-12-12T17:05:04Z 2C0F:EB68:60D:C400:B124:99FA:573B:1AAF 119079 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag map of Rwanda.svg|thumb]] Domitilla Mukantaganzwa niwe muyobozi w’ urukiko rw’ ikirenga rwa Repuburika yu Rwanda kuva 03 ukuboza 2024. yavutse ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 1963 i Kimihurura mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]], yashakanye n'uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’uburezi wa Leta ndetse n’umuyobozi w’Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] Theoneste Mutsindashyaka. == Amashuri == Madamu Domitilla yize amashuri abanza muri Ecole Primaire Kacyiru mu 1971, yakomereje muri Notre Dame de Lourdes de Byimana, ubu ni mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]] aho yize ikiciro rusange (O'Level). Nyuma yagiye muri Lycee Notre Dame De Citeaux ahakomereza ikiciro cya kabiri cy'amashuri yisumbuye (A'Level) akurikirana amasomo y'ubukungu, kugeza mu 1983 ubwo yinjiraga muri kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda (NUR), ubu ni [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] (UR), aho yavanye impamyabumenyi y'ikiciri cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu by'amategeko<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/amakuru/article/mukantaganzwa-yagizwe-umuyobozi-wa-komisiyo-yo-kuvugurura-amategeko</ref>. Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse (Masters) mu bijyanye n’amahoro n’ububanyi n’amahanga yakuye mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw'amahoro n’ububanyi n’amahanga ('''Institute of Peace Studies and International Relations (HIPSIR) of Hekima University College''') cya kaminuza ya Hekima<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hekima.ac.ke/index.php/hipsir |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205050008/https://www.hekima.ac.ke/index.php/hipsir |url-status=dead }}</ref>, muri [[Kenya]], akaba yakurikiranye isomo ry'amategeko mu kigo cy’amategeko n’iterambere (Institute of Legal Practice and Development (ILPD))<ref>https://ilpd.ac.rw/</ref> ahabona impamyabumenyi y’amategeko. [[Dosiye:Facade_of_National_University_of_Rwanda_-_Huye-Butare_-_Southern_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|National University of Rwanda - Huye-Butare - Southern Rwanda aho Mukantaganzwa yize kaminuza]] == '''Amateka ajyanye n'akazi yakoze''' == Mukantaganzwa yinjiye mu mirimo y'igihugu mu 1987 nka Assistant Burgomastre wa Komine ya Nyarugenge mbere yo kwinjira muri Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi nk'umukozi ushinzwe kwiyandikisha (registration officer). Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, yagizwe Umuyobozi Mukuru muri Minisiteri ishinzwe imibereho myiza n’umurimo mbere gato yo kwinjira mu Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku bana [https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw UNICEF]. Ubwo yageraga muri komisiyo ishinzwe amategeko n’itegeko nshinga yateguye Itegeko Nshinga rya 2003. Mu Kwakira 2003, yagizwe umuyobozi wa komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe guca imanza za Genocide yakorewe abatutsi muri Mata 1994 (Gacaca) kugeza mu 2012<ref>https://reliefweb.int/report/rwanda/rwanda-gacaca-courts-near-end</ref>, arangije icyo gikorwa maze ashyikiriza guverinoma raporo yibyavuyemo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://menyanibi.rw/mukantaganzwa-washinzwe-komisiyo-yo-kuvugurura-amategeko-ni-muntu-ki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205051524/https://menyanibi.rw/mukantaganzwa-washinzwe-komisiyo-yo-kuvugurura-amategeko-ni-muntu-ki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Kuwa 4 ukuboza 2019 yagizwe perezida wa komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe kuvugurura amategeko aho yari asimbuye Aimable Havugiyaremye kuri iyi mirimo<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/amakuru/article/mukantaganzwa-yagizwe-umuyobozi-wa-komisiyo-yo-kuvugurura-amategeko</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/mukantaganzwa-chairperson-rlrc</ref><ref>https://www.umusingi.org/en/archives/21450</ref> [[Dosiye:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_President_of_Rwanda,_Mr._Paul_Kagame_at_the_delegation_level_talks,_at_Kigali,_Rwanda_on_July_23,_2018_(1).JPG|thumb|Rwanda Leaders]] Mukantaganzwa ni umwe mubagize akanama nkemurampaka k'umuryango [https://www.unity-club.rw/home Unity Club] Intwararumuri washinzwe na Madamu nyakubahwa Jeannete Kagame Gashyantare 1996 hagamijwe gutanga umusanzu mu “Kwimakaza umuco w’ubumwe n’amahoro, byo nkingi z’iterambere rirambye<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/itangira-ryari-rigoye-urugendo-rw-imyaka-25-unity-club-imaze-yita-ku-kunga |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205050006/https://m.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/itangira-ryari-rigoye-urugendo-rw-imyaka-25-unity-club-imaze-yita-ku-kunga |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Byinshi-mu-bimaze-kugerwaho-nUmuryango-Unity-Club-Intwararumuri-mu-myaka-25-umaze</ref> == '''Indanganturo''' == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] hxu2quw1vkwsk9djyr4lwpwfr24728g 119089 119079 2024-12-13T01:19:06Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119089 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag map of Rwanda.svg|thumb]] Domitilla Mukantaganzwa niwe muyobozi w’ urukiko rw’ ikirenga rwa Repuburika yu Rwanda kuva 03 ukuboza 2024. yavutse ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 1963 i Kimihurura mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]], yashakanye n'uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’uburezi wa Leta ndetse n’umuyobozi w’Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] Theoneste Mutsindashyaka. == Amashuri == Madamu Domitilla yize amashuri abanza muri Ecole Primaire Kacyiru mu 1971, yakomereje muri Notre Dame de Lourdes de Byimana, ubu ni mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]] aho yize ikiciro rusange (O'Level). Nyuma yagiye muri Lycee Notre Dame De Citeaux ahakomereza ikiciro cya kabiri cy'amashuri yisumbuye (A'Level) akurikirana amasomo y'ubukungu, kugeza mu 1983 ubwo yinjiraga muri kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda (NUR), ubu ni [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] (UR), aho yavanye impamyabumenyi y'ikiciri cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu by'amategeko<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/amakuru/article/mukantaganzwa-yagizwe-umuyobozi-wa-komisiyo-yo-kuvugurura-amategeko</ref>. Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse (Masters) mu bijyanye n’amahoro n’ububanyi n’amahanga yakuye mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw'amahoro n’ububanyi n’amahanga ('''Institute of Peace Studies and International Relations (HIPSIR) of Hekima University College''') cya kaminuza ya Hekima<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hekima.ac.ke/index.php/hipsir |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205050008/https://www.hekima.ac.ke/index.php/hipsir |url-status=dead }}</ref>, muri [[Kenya]], akaba yakurikiranye isomo ry'amategeko mu kigo cy’amategeko n’iterambere (Institute of Legal Practice and Development (ILPD))<ref>https://ilpd.ac.rw/</ref> ahabona impamyabumenyi y’amategeko. [[Dosiye:Facade_of_National_University_of_Rwanda_-_Huye-Butare_-_Southern_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|National University of Rwanda - Huye-Butare - Southern Rwanda aho Mukantaganzwa yize kaminuza]] == '''Amateka ajyanye n'akazi yakoze''' == Mukantaganzwa yinjiye mu mirimo y'igihugu mu 1987 nka Assistant Burgomastre wa Komine ya Nyarugenge mbere yo kwinjira muri Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi nk'umukozi ushinzwe kwiyandikisha (registration officer). Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, yagizwe Umuyobozi Mukuru muri Minisiteri ishinzwe imibereho myiza n’umurimo mbere gato yo kwinjira mu Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku bana [https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw UNICEF]. Ubwo yageraga muri komisiyo ishinzwe amategeko n’itegeko nshinga yateguye Itegeko Nshinga rya 2003. Mu Kwakira 2003, yagizwe umuyobozi wa komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe guca imanza za Genocide yakorewe abatutsi muri Mata 1994 (Gacaca) kugeza mu 2012<ref>https://reliefweb.int/report/rwanda/rwanda-gacaca-courts-near-end</ref>, arangije icyo gikorwa maze ashyikiriza guverinoma raporo yibyavuyemo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://menyanibi.rw/mukantaganzwa-washinzwe-komisiyo-yo-kuvugurura-amategeko-ni-muntu-ki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205051524/https://menyanibi.rw/mukantaganzwa-washinzwe-komisiyo-yo-kuvugurura-amategeko-ni-muntu-ki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Kuwa 4 ukuboza 2019 yagizwe perezida wa komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe kuvugurura amategeko aho yari asimbuye Aimable Havugiyaremye kuri iyi mirimo<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/amakuru/article/mukantaganzwa-yagizwe-umuyobozi-wa-komisiyo-yo-kuvugurura-amategeko</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/mukantaganzwa-chairperson-rlrc</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umusingi.org/en/archives/21450 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205050022/https://www.umusingi.org/en/archives/21450 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_President_of_Rwanda,_Mr._Paul_Kagame_at_the_delegation_level_talks,_at_Kigali,_Rwanda_on_July_23,_2018_(1).JPG|thumb|Rwanda Leaders]] Mukantaganzwa ni umwe mubagize akanama nkemurampaka k'umuryango [https://www.unity-club.rw/home Unity Club] Intwararumuri washinzwe na Madamu nyakubahwa Jeannete Kagame Gashyantare 1996 hagamijwe gutanga umusanzu mu “Kwimakaza umuco w’ubumwe n’amahoro, byo nkingi z’iterambere rirambye<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/itangira-ryari-rigoye-urugendo-rw-imyaka-25-unity-club-imaze-yita-ku-kunga |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205050006/https://m.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/itangira-ryari-rigoye-urugendo-rw-imyaka-25-unity-club-imaze-yita-ku-kunga |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Byinshi-mu-bimaze-kugerwaho-nUmuryango-Unity-Club-Intwararumuri-mu-myaka-25-umaze</ref> == '''Indanganturo''' == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] jfbzfvgqggzz0ogjszxewsbh2oyl2em 0 10043 119143 103591 2024-12-13T07:18:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119143 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Miss Bahati Grace.jpg|alt=baha|thumb|Miss Bahati Grace]] [[Dosiye:Miss Bahati Grace.jpg|thumb|Bahati Grace]] Grace bahati yavukiye [[Uganda]] tariki 15 werurwe 1991 we nu muryango we baje mu [[Rwanda]] afite imyaka 3 nyuma ya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|genocide]] yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 .yakutse mu muryango mugari . Bahati afite imyaka 16 yihaye intego yo gukora icyamuteza imbere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://missrwanda.rw/grace-bahati/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-21 |archive-date=2022-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221174418/https://missrwanda.rw/grace-bahati/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Miss Bahati Grace wa twaye ikamba 2009 == Miss Rwanda yabaye nyuma ya jenocide ,tariki 19 Ukuboza 2009 yegukanwa na Miss Bahati grace mubirori byabereye i Gikondo ahasanzwe habera imurikagurisha. yatwaye ikamba rya Miss Rwanda 2009 afite imyaka 18.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/reba-uburanga-bw-abakobwa-bahataniye-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-2009-amafoto</ref> == Ubukwe bwa Miss Bahati Grace == [[Dosiye:Bahati Grace.jpg|thumb|Miss Bahati Grace numugabo bakoze Ubukwe]] Miss babati yakoranye ubukwe na Murekezi pascifque umuhungu wa Fatikaramu wamamaye akina mwikipe ya Royan sports<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/reba-uburanga-bw-abakobwa-bahataniye-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-2009-amafoto</ref>. yakoze ubukwe tariki 19 Nzeri 2021 ,Muri Reta zunze ubumwe na America mu mujyi wa Cedra Rapids muri Reta ya Iowa,akaba arinaho bahuriye ubwambere bateretana.<ref>/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/ubukwe-bwa-miss-bahati-grace-n-umuhungu-wa-fatikaramu-bwashyushye</ref> == Amateka == Bahati n'umukobwa wavukiye muri [[Uganda]] Mu mwaka wa 1991 kuwa 15 werurwe. [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite%20note-3|Miss Bahati]] yagiye muri [[Amerika]] kuwa 22 [[Kamena]] 2011. [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite%20note-3|Bahati Grace]] yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] agiye kwiga muri [[Amerika]] ariko ngo agezeyo yasanze amafaranga yari afite atamurihira n’igihembwe kimwe, bituma abanza gushaka ibyangombwa byatuma yiga mu ishuri atishyura.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510111223/https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Guhera ubwo ntabwo yongeye kugaruka mu Rwanda kubera impamvu z’amasomo no gushaka ubuzima. Miss Bahati Grace akabaye yaramaze igihe arimurukondo na Murekezi Pacifique umuhungu wa Fatikaramu wamamaye akina mu ikipe ya Rayon Sports baza kwiyemeza kurushinga . Ubukwe bwabo bwabereye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite%20note-3|Miss Elsa na Miss Meghane]] Barabutashye .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/ubukwe-bwa-miss-bahati-grace-n-umuhungu-wa-fatikaramu-bwashyushye</ref> Mbereyaho [[Miss Bahati grace|Miss Bahati]] yatangarije itangazamakuru ko yatwaye inda agifite ikamba rya Miss Rwanda akaza kubyarana n’umuhanzi K8 Kavuyo waje no kumureka, Miss Bahati ntiyacitse intege akomeza kwirwanaho muri Amerika kugeza akundanye na Murekezi kugeza ubu niwe mutware we .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/ubukwe-bwa-miss-bahati-grace-n-umuhungu-wa-fatikaramu-bwashyushye</ref> Muri ibyo bihe kandi yari afite umwana w’uruhinja, agomba kwitaho wenyine kuko yari Atari kumwe na se.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-bahati-grace-ari-mu-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510112730/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-bahati-grace-ari-mu-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref>Bwari ubuzima butoroshye kuko nta wundi muryango yari ahafite kandi atahamenyereye. bahati agira Ati “Kurera umwana uri umubyeyi umwe ni ikintu kitoroshye, mu gihugu cy’amahanga urimo uragerageza kumenyera ubuzima bushya n’indi mico utari usanzwe umenyereye ariko byose bituruka ku ntego nari mfite.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510111223/https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Bahati Grace yavuze ko yaje kubona umuryango wambereye nk’ababyeyi umufasha kurera umwana wemu gihe yari afite akazi abifatanya no kwiga. bahati grace aragira Ati “Nabanye nawe ndamurera ndiga sinavuga ko imbaraga nyinshi zari kuri njye gusa , naje kugirirwa ubuntu n’Imana impa umuryango mugari mwiza n’ubwo ababyeyi banjye bari mu Rwanda Inama yanyegereje abo babyeyi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510111223/https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Icyo Avuga mu Kwibuka kucuro 28 == Bahati Grace aragita ati : kucuro 28 Abanya Rwanda twibuka Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116240/kwibuka28-miss-bahati-grace-yunamiye-sebukwe-wishwe-muri-jenoside-116240.html</ref>Gwarazirikana kandi agaha icyubahiro sebukwe Rapheal Murekezi wamenyekanye nka Fatikaramu warumubyeyi , umukinnyi wumupira wamaguru wikipe ya ryon siporo aho nyuma yaje nokuba umutoza <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116240/kwibuka28-miss-bahati-grace-yunamiye-sebukwe-wishwe-muri-jenoside-116240.html</ref> == REBA == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Miss Rwanda]] 9ol2ctyrdts501vqse9j9qpgjoxgi9p 0 10066 119135 88112 2024-12-13T05:46:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119135 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jolly Rwanyonga Mazimhaka''' ni inzobere muburezi mu [[Rwanda]] . Yashakanye na [[Patrick Mazimhaka]] (1948–2018); bafite abakobwa batatu.<ref>https://akilah.org/team-members/dr-jolly-mazimhaka</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Jolly Mazimhaka yavukiye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] kandi yiga muri Trinity College Nabbingo . Afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cy’ubuhanzi mu buvanganzo bw’icyongereza na dipolome ya nyuma y’uburezi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere muri Kampala n’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu buvanganzo rusange bwa Commonwealth ndetse na PhD muri Drama ya Renaissance, ituruka muri kaminuza ya Saskatchewan <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/mv/?page=mv2_article&id_article=36863 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-26 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226095227/https://en.igihe.com/mv/?page=mv2_article&id_article=36863 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we wo kwigisha Ubuvanganzo n'Icyongereza muri Mount Saint Mary's College Namagunga muri [[Uganda]] no mu ''ishuri ry'abakobwa rya Loreto Convent'' i Limuru, muri [[Kenya]]. Nyuma yaje kuba umwarimu mu cyongereza muri kaminuza ya Saskatchewan<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umusingi.org/archives/13241 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-26 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226095228/https://www.umusingi.org/archives/13241 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga rya Kigali (KIST) Jolly Mazimhaka yari afite imyanya myinshi, harimo: * Umwarimu mu Cyongereza * Umwarimu muburyo bwubushakashatsi * Umuyobozi: Ubwishingizi bw'amasomo * Umuyobozi wungirije w'agateganyo: Ushinzwe amasomo Muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda (UNR)]] yari: * Umuyobozi: Ubwishingizi bw'amasomo * Umuyobozi: Kwigisha no Gutezimbere Kwiga Ni umwe mu bagize akanama k’abajyanama b’ikigo cya Akilah, ishuri ridaharanira inyungu ry’abagore i [[Kigali]], <ref>[https://www.akilahinstitute.org/leadership/ Rwanda Board of Advisors of the Akilah Institute]</ref> akaba n’umuyobozi w’uburinganire bwa ''Equality Power'', igikorwa gishyigikira imishinga y’imyitwarire kandi itandukanye muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Yabaye perezida wa Rotary Club Kigali-Virunga.<ref>https://www.oxford.co.ke/index.php?searchword=Jolly%20Mazimhaka&searchphrase=all&Itemid=136&option=com_search</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abarimu ba Kaminuza]] 8gd210wvbj1wl9blyrrzjeochw0yzd3 0 10193 119085 108348 2024-12-12T23:25:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119085 wikitext text/x-wiki == Bahati Grace == [[File:Miss Bahati Grace.jpg|thumb|Miss Bahati Grace]]Bahati Grace [[Rwanda|n'umunyarwandakazi]] wavutse 15 werurwe 1991. Grace yabaye [https://web.archive.org/web/20220221174418/https://missrwanda.rw/grace-bahati/ Nyampinga w'urwanda 2009], Akora nkumwunganizi mubuvuzi wamenyo.[https://web.archive.org/web/20220221174418/https://missrwanda.rw/grace-bahati/] == Ubuzima bwite == Bahati yavukiye mu [[Ubugande|bugande]] 15 werurwe 1991, mu 1994 ubwo yaramajije kugira imyaka itatu we numuryango we bimukiye mu [[Rwanda]]. yavukiye mu muryango mugari aho umuryango ninshuti ze aringenzi kubuzima bwe. == Umwuga == Bahati ubwo yagiraga imyaka 16 yiyemeje gukora umwuga wo kumurika imideli yabiterwagamo imbaraga nababyeyi ndetse ni nshuti ze, ubwo yaragejeje imyaka 18 yinjiye mwirushwanw arya nyampinga wu Rwanda 2009 kunshuro yaryo ya kabiri nyuma yiryambere ryabaye 1994. yabaye Nyampinga wu Rwanda ndetse numukobwa uhiga abandi mukwifotoza. muri Bahati yahisemo gukomereza inzozi ze muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika]] kuwa 22 Kamena 2011.[https://web.archive.org/web/20220510112730/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-bahati-grace-ari-mu-rwanda] Bahati yabaye Umunyamabanga rusange w umuryango wabanyarwanda ndinshuti baba [[:en:Iowa|Iowa]] muri [[Amerika]] kuva 2017 kugera 2019.[https://web.archive.org/web/20220221174418/https://missrwanda.rw/grace-bahati/] [[Dosiye:Bahati Grace.jpg|thumb|Bahati Grace n'umugabo we]] == Amashuri == Bahati afite impamyabumenyi yiciciro ya cyakabiri cya kaminuza mubijyanye ni binyabuzima nubutabiri yize mri Kaminuza yitwa Mount Mercy anakomerezayo nibijyanye nu buvuzi bwamenyo. j9s0xyxm3udquqd81x0k8s5bvp844ih 0 10273 119147 117200 2024-12-13T07:57:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119147 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Miss Utamuriza Rusaro Carine.jpg|thumb]] Nyampinga w'u [[Rwanda]] 2019 Nimwiza Meghan == Ubuzima == Nimwiza Meghan ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse tariki ya 10 Ukwakira 1998, avukira mu karere ka Kicukiro, mu murenge wa Gikondo, kugeza ubu akaba afite imyaka 23 y'amavuko. Ni we wagombaga guserukira u Rwanda muri Miss World 2019 yagombaga kubera Pattaya muri Thailand ku nshuro ya 69 rizaba riri kuba. Mu gihe Ikamba rya [[Miss Bahati grace|Miss]] [[World Medical Association|World]] 2018 ryari rifitwe na Vanessa Ponce wo muri Mexico.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/byinshi-utamenye-kuri-miss-rwanda-nimwiza-meghan-wanavuze-umusore-yakundana</ref><ref>https://rugali.com/miss-rwanda-nimwiza-meghan-yivuyemo/</ref> == Icyatumye areka inshingano muri miss Rwanda == Meghan Nimwiza, [[Miss Bahati grace|Miss]] [[Rwanda]] 2019 yaretse akazi ko kuba umuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho mu ishyirahamwe rya Miss [[Rwanda]] .Nimwiza yasezeye kuri uyu muryango bavuga ko afite umwanya utoshye muri Prime Cement Ltd, uruganda rwa Ciment ruba mu karere ka Musanze aho ashobora kuba mu itsinda rya Promotion.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/04/miss-meghan-nimwiza-calls-it-quit/</ref><ref>https://rugali.com/miss-rwanda-nimwiza-meghan-yivuyemo/</ref> == Gushimira == 'Turagirango buri munyarw[[Rwanda|anda]] muri rusange amenye ko Nimwiza Meghan yavuye mu ishyirahamwe rya [[Miss Bahati grace|Miss]] [[Rwanda]]. Turashimira cyane akazi gakomeye yadukoreye nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho. Turamwifuriza gutsinda neza mu bikorwa biri imbere,<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/04/miss-meghan-nimwiza-calls-it-quit/</ref> == Ibindi Wamenya kuri Meghane == Ni umukobwa utuje, ukijijwe mbese avugako ari umukristo utemera tatuwaje. <ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/byinshi-utamenye-kuri-miss-rwanda-nimwiza-meghan-wanavuze-umusore-yakundana</ref> Meghan avuga ko akunda abahanzi bose bo mu [[Rwanda]] ariko akaba adashobora gukundana n'umuhanzi ahubwo akaba yahitamo gukundana n'umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru.[https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/byinshi-utamenye-kuri-miss-rwanda-nimwiza-meghan-wanavuze-umusore-yakundana] == Reba == Miss Rwanda website <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://missrwanda.rw/blog-grid/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510151143/https://missrwanda.rw/blog-grid/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Miss Rwanda]] 43v2ezrf6eeh33a02povo2ysfzc0z5s 0 10568 119142 88357 2024-12-13T07:04:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119142 wikitext text/x-wiki == UBUZIMA == '''Gahonzire Mary''' yavukiye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]], 1962. Yakuriye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]].Mu 1987, Gahonzire amaze kurangiza [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]], yasabye kwinjira mu gipolisi muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] ayishyamo. Yabaye kandi Komiseri Mukuru mu gipolisi cy'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/87721</ref> == IMIRIMO YAKOZE == '''Gahongayire Mary''' yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w'apolisi y'[[igihugu]] mbere yuko agirwa komiseri mukuru w'ungirije b'urwego rushinzwe amagereza mu [[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mary-gahonzire-mu-bapolisi-308-basezerewe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514075008/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mary-gahonzire-mu-bapolisi-308-basezerewe |url-status=dead }}</ref> ubu yahagaritse imirimo akaba Yagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru.<ref>https://www.bwiza.com/?Gen-Rwarakabije-na-Mary-Gahonzire-ntibakiri-abayobozi-ba-RCS</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umusingi.org/en/archives/2638 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2023-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329202447/http://www.umusingi.org/en/archives/2638 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Gen-Rwarakabije-na-Mary-Gahonzire-basimbujwe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-RCS</ref><ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/gen-rwarakabije-na-com-mary-gahonzire-bavanywe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-rcs.hmtl</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umupolisi]] fsoj90w3dqexysrlai95aehi0i2hob7 0 10588 119137 108642 2024-12-13T05:55:45Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119137 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akintore Alline Kabbatende''' ni umunyarwandakazi ufite imyaka 34 ya mavuko, ni umukunzi w'ikoranabuhanga ufite amateka mu mashanyarazi na elegitoroniki. Kugeza ubu niwe uhagarariye guverinoma yu [[Rwanda]] mu ihuriro ry’ubukungu bw[[Isi|’ISI]], ikigo cy’impinduramatwara ya kane mu nganda aho ayoboye iterambere ry’imikorere ya tekinoloji y’ikoranabuhanga mu [[Rwanda]] ( mu icyongereza: Representative from the Government of Rwanda at WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM)<ref>https://www.weforum.org/agenda/authors/alline-akintore-kabbatende</ref> kandi agashyira ingufu mu guteza imbere ubufatanye n’ubufatanye bw’abafatanyabikorwa n’ibigo byigenga . <ref>https://theorg.com/org/bank-of-kigali/org-chart/alline-kabbatende</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ambkampala.esteri.it/ambasciata_kampala/resource/doc/2020/08/linne_guida_paul_gagame_b2b10edd-110b-4287-ba76-1c2a48118886.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123025751/https://ambkampala.esteri.it/Ambasciata_Kampala/resource/doc/2020/08/linne_guida_paul_gagame_b2b10edd-110b-4287-ba76-1c2a48118886.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://web.stanford.edu/group/sabf/2016/speakers.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113162629/https://web.stanford.edu/group/sabf/2016/speakers.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri == Yize muri kaminuza ya [https://www.upenn.edu/ Pennsylvania] muri Amerika. [[Dosiye:University of Pennsylvania Quad Green.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Pennsylvania Akintore Aline yizemo]] === Igitekerezo cye === Igihe cyose mbwiye abantu aho nkomoka, ikintu cya mbere kiza mu bitekerezo byabo ni 1994 Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Numva nifatanije cyane na hahise hanjye. Igihe nageraga muri Amerika bwa mbere, ushinzwe abinjira n'abasohoka yarebye kuri pasiporo yanjye ahita atanga ikibazo, " uri umuhutu cyangwa umututsi? Igisubizo cyanjye cyaroroshye cyane, ndamusubiza ati "Ndi Umunyarwanda"<ref>https://www.goipeace.or.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/essay-contest_2010_en.pdf</ref>. == Amateka == Yabaye umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ibikorwa muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20220519011524/https://www.rwandaonline.rw/ Rwanda Online Platform] Ltd<ref>https://www.arounddeal.com/profile/alline-kabbatende/r6qrpdpjop/</ref>, <ref>https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/612971434649633619-0190022013/original/HELPRoadshowSmartRwandaDaysListofParticipants.pdf</ref>itanga ibisubizo byikoranabuhanga muri PPP hamwe na leta yu [[Rwanda]] ku girango ihindure imitangire ya serivisi za leta kubanyarwanda bose, aho yubatse umubano n'abafatanyabikorwa ba leta n’abikorera; kandi yayoboye iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa no kujya kumasoko kugirango batange kandi bakoreshe serivise za leta. Ubunararibonye yakoranaga mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga: mu kigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'u [[Rwanda]] (Ishami rya ICT), Samsung Electronics (HQ, [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Koreya y'Epfo]]), Ubwikorezi rusange bw'amashanyarazi ([[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|USA]]) ndetse nk'umwanditsi usanzwe wa NewTimes (u [[Rwanda]]).<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/05/bk-plans-to-cross-list-on-the-nairobi-securities-exchange/</ref> [[Dosiye:Bank of Kigali ….jpg|thumb|Banki ya Kigali, aho Aline Akintore ari umuyobozi wa komite yaba IT mu nama y'ubuyobozi]] Kuri ubu ni umuyobozi wa komite yaba IT mu nama y'ubuyobozi ya [[Banki ya Kigali]] Plc. kuva mu Gushyingo 2018<ref>https://africanfinancials.com/bk-group-rwanda-resolutions-for-agm-held-on-16-june-2021/</ref>. Ni n'umwe mu bagize inama y'ubuyobozi y'ikigo gishinzwe gutangaza amakuru mu Rwanda (Broadcaster Public Rwanda) | kLab Rwanda (ihuriro ry’ikoranabuhanga rya mbere mu [[Rwanda]]), Visi-Perezida w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi ya Gasabo 3D (Inzobere muri 3D CAD; Umufatanyabikorwa w'akarere ka SolidWorks), Global Shaper, ihuriro ry'ubukungu ku isi, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220728074343/https://www.globalshapers.org/hubs/kigali-hub Kigali Hub,] Umuhuzabikorwa wa Mentorship, Abakobwa muri ICT Rwanda Umutwe | munsi y’ubumwe mpuzamahanga bwitumanaho (ITU) hamwe na Speaker / Panelist: Ihuriro ryubucuruzi rya Stanford Afrika (Palo Alto, 2016), ITU Telecom World (Budapest, 2015), TransformAfrica .<ref>https://bk.rw/about-us/bank-of-kigali-plc-board-of-directors</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/why-bk-group-listing-nairobi-securities-exchange</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rse.rw/IMG/pdf/bk_group_plc_agm_resolutions-2.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2021-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201101701/https://rse.rw/IMG/pdf/bk_group_plc_agm_resolutions-2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.klab.rw/public/about</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Ubushakashatsi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Alline Akintore Kabbatende}} dg7p9xro3qjkc9vn4eokbijkz2kya5f 0 12578 119086 112548 2024-12-12T23:41:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119086 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Beef Wellington .jpg|thumb|Beef Wellington]] [[Dosiye:Big Mac hamburger.jpg|left|thumb]] == Menya byinshi ku Nyama ya beef Wellington naho yaturutse == Ibisobanuro bya [[Itabi|beef Wellington]] birashoboka kuboneka k'umusore witwa Arthur Wellesley. [[Dosiye:Vegetable Wellington being prepared.jpg|thumb|Beef Wellington]] Azwi cyane kubera gutsinda Napoleon k'urugamba rwa Waterloo, ahabwa izina rya Duke wa mbere wa Wellington. == Ninde muntu wa mbere wakoze beef Wellington? == kuya 18 kamena1815 Duke wa mbere wa Wellington , Arthur Wellesley yatsinze ku rugamba rwa Waterloo, maze hategurwa ibyo kurya kugirango bibuke insinzi mu bisanzwe byemewe kuba aribyo beef Wellington Ishobora gukorwa mbere y'igihe. [[Dosiye:Beef Wellington 2019.jpg|thumb|Beef Wellington]] == Kuki Inyama yiswe beef Wellington izwi cyane? == Uyu munsi [[Itabi|beef Wellington]] izwi cyane nk'igisubizo cya Gordon Ramsey, Icyakora ibyo kurya bifite Inkomoko kera bigera mu ntangiriro y'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda yahawe izina rya Duke wa Wellington nyuma yo kuyobora ihuriro rya karindwi( hamwe na Jenerali Von Blucher) k'urugamba rwa Waterloo mu 1815. Yavutse Arthur Wellesley, Nubwo Azwi cyane nka Duke wa Wellington mu mateka. == Filet ya Wellington yaturutse he? == Ikintu kimwe gishobora kuvugwa neza Ni uko Icyuzuzo cya Wellington nkuko tubizi uyu munsi cyamenyekanye ubwa mbere na chef w'umunyamerika Akaba n'umukinnyi wa firime Julia child. Wamenyekanye kuri filet de bœuf en croûte, Inyama y'inka yuzuye mu bufaransa nka "filet ya Wellington Beef" mu gice cy'umwaka mushya tereviziyo ye, umutetsi w'abafaransa mu 1965 mu ijoro rishya. [[Dosiye:Beef Wellington - rare, sliced.jpg|thumb|Beef Wellington]] == Beef Wellington ikozwe n'iki? == [[Itabi|Beef Wellington]] n'ibiryo bya kera by' abongereza. Beef Wellington n'inyama izingiyeho igipondo cya pate( ubusanzwe foie gras pâte) na duxelle hanyuma ugapfunyika muri puff pastry hanyuma ugateka. [[Dosiye:Beef Wellington - Whole.jpg|thumb|Beef Wellington]] == Nikihe gihugu cyahimbye beef Wellington? == Ibyo kurya bya kera by'abongereza, Inyama beef Wellington n'uruvange rw'inka, ibirayi n'imboga. Iyo ukora inyama ya Wellington ibyo kurya byuzuye bitwikiriwe na pâte mu bisanzwe foie gras pâte na duxelles mbere yo kubizinga hanyuma ikotsa n'ifuru. == Nigute abafaransa bita Beef Wellington? == Ifunguro nkiryo rizwi ku izina rya " filet de bœuf en croûte" ryari rimaze kuba mu bitaramo by'abafaransa mbere y'intambara ya Revolutionary Ef Beef Wellington" Mu cyubahiro cya Wellesley, yahinduwe gusa n'umuntu ahandi hantu. == Ese Beef Wellington byaba ari ibiryo by'abongereza? == [[Itabi|Beef wellington]] Ni ibyo kurya bikomoka mu bwongereza n' Inyama yometseho pâte ( mu bisanzwe foie gras pâte) na duxelles hanyuma bipfunyikwa kuri puff pastry ubundi igatekwa. [[Dosiye:Beef wellington.png|thumb|Beef Wellington]] == Nigute Beef Wellington yabonye izina? == Iyi nyama yitiriwe Arthur Wellesley, Duke wa wellington watsinze Napoleon aba minisitiri w'intebe w'ubwongereza kandi yari ashinzwe kumenyekanisha amazina ya rubber ariko ntibisobanutse uruhare yagize mu guhindura ibintu biryoshye. Nanone Wellington umusirikare ntiyigeze ahangayikishwa cyane n'ibiryo yahawe bityo areka umutetsi we ngo yishakire ibyifuzo bye kimwe muri byo Akaba ariryo Funguro ryihariye. Nkuko Wellington yishimiye iri Funguro yashimangiye Ko ryatangwa kuri buri funguro. Nanone bivugwa ko ibyo kurya byuzuye bisa neza na boot ya Wellington Akaba ariryo mpanvu yiryo zina.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dekooktips.com/recipes-with-beef/who-invented-beef-wellington.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-22 |archive-date=2023-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824115633/https://www.dekooktips.com/recipes-with-beef/who-invented-beef-wellington.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == <ref><nowiki>https://www.dekooktips.com/recipes-with-beef/who-invented-beef-wellington.html</nowiki></ref> [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] 7sarz04ukfpq64ev853xc8db6gd17dk 0 12794 119144 105623 2024-12-13T07:18:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119144 wikitext text/x-wiki Iradukunda Elsa ni umunya[[rwanda]]<nowiki/>kazi wavutse tariki 25 [[Werurwe]] 1998 i [[Kigali City Tower|Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda-Urundi|Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://missrwanda.rw/iradukunda-elsa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922131846/https://missrwanda.rw/iradukunda-elsa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>mubitaro byo kwanyirinkwaya. Ni [[umwana]] wa Kane mumuryango w'iwabo aho ugizwe n'[[Abadage|abana]] umumani, abahungu [[BAGIRINSHUTI Joseph|babiri]] nabakobwa batandatu<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/74440/incamake-z-amateka-ya-miss-rwanda-2017-elsa-iradukunda-wizih-74440.html</ref>. == INCAMAKE YAMATEKA == Iradakunda Elsa yize [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] y'ncuke ku [[ishuri]] rya "Le petit prence" ndetse ahigira n '[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|amashuri]] abanza. Ageze mu wa kane w'[[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] abanza kugeza mu wagatandatu yiga kuri "centre scolaire Utunyenyeri". [[Imyaka]] ibiri yambere y[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|amashuri]] y'isumbuye yayize kuri "International Window Imbarara muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] mbere gato ko yerekeza kuri King David i [[Kigali wetlands relocations|Kigali]]. Kuva mu wagatatu w'[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|amashuri]] y'isumbuye kugeza ayasoje aho yarangirije mu ishami rya "literature , Economics, na Geography mu mwaka w'[[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] wa 2016. Iradukunda Elsa yabanye [[nyampinga w'u Rwanda]] m[[Umwana|umwaka]] 2017 tariki 25 [[Gashyantare]] ubwo yambikwaga Ikamba kumugaragaro.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/74440/incamake-z-amateka-ya-miss-rwanda-2017-elsa-iradukunda-wizih-74440.html</ref> == UKO YAFUNZWE MURI GEREZA == Miss Iradukunda Elsa yatawe muri yombi ku itariki 8 [[Gicurasi]] 2022<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amakuru-mashya-miss-miss-iradukunda-elsa-yatawe-muri-yombi</ref>,Urwego rw'ubugenzacyaha (RIB) rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano no kubangamira iperereza rifitanye isano n'ibyaha byashijwaga ishimwe diedonne<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/tag/miss-iradukunda-elsa/</ref>. Iradukunda Elsa aritaba urukiko mukuburana kubyaha ashinjwa <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/117442/iradukunda-elsa-wabaye-miss-rwanda-2017-aritaba-urukiko-117442.html</ref>yagaragaye murukiko bwambere tariki 24 Gicurasi .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=45867 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922133312/https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=45867 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Gusa nyuma urukiko rw'ibanze rwa Kicukiro rwa tangaje isomwa ry'ububanzarwe ku ifungwa n'ifungurwa ryagateganyo byabaye tariki 25 Gicurasi 2022.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/imanza/article/miss-iradukunda-elsa-yafunguwe-by-agateganyo</ref> == Ubukwe == Iradukunda Elsa akaba yarabaye Nyampinga w’u Rwanda Miss Rwanda 2017, hari mu mwaka wa 2017, kuwa Kane tariki ya 02 Werurwe 2023 yasezeranye byemewe mu mategeko hamwe n'umugabo we Ishimwe Dieudonné uzwi nka Prince Kid. Umuhango wo gusezerana mu bukwe bwabo ukaba warabereye mu Murenge wa Rusororo homu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo]] . Aho Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Rusororo witwa Desiré Nsabimana yabasezeranije nk'umugabo n'umugore .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/Amafoto-Ishimwe-Dieudonne-na-Miss-Iradukunda-Elsa-basezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/amafoto-utabonye-prince-kid-yasezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko-na-miss-iradukunda-elsa</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ifoto-y-umunsi-prince-kid-yasohokanye-na-miss-iradukunda-elsa</ref><ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/article/prince-kid-yasezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko-na-miss-iradukunda-elsa</ref><ref name=":0" /> == AMASHAKIRO == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Nyampinga]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyamideli]] 6e9yecymuvvso39hwf4d2llljhmauie 0 13051 119084 115649 2024-12-12T23:02:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Oliven V1.jpg|thumb|Amavuta ya elayo.|300x300px]] [[Dosiye:2023 Oliwa z oliwek Iliada (1).jpg|thumb|amavuta|401x401px]] [[Dosiye:Ticino Olive Oil.jpg|thumb|elayo oil]] Amavuta ya Elayo ni ubwoko bw'amavuta bwifitemo ubushobozi bwo kurinda uturemangingo tw’umubiri kwangirika nubwo gusana utwangiritse.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://ubuzimainfo.rw/dore-impinduka-uzabona-ku-mubiri-wawe-nukoresha-amavuta-ya-elayo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925201136/https://ubuzimainfo.rw/dore-impinduka-uzabona-ku-mubiri-wawe-nukoresha-amavuta-ya-elayo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> = Uko akoreshwa = Amavuta ya Elayo nyuma yo gukamurwa ashobora gukoreshwa mu kuyateka ,mu kuyisiga hagamijwe kongera ubwiza mu buvuzi butandukanye ndetse no kurinda umubiri wawe.<ref name=":0" /> nanone abantu ba kera bayakoreshaga mu kuyacana mu matara ya kera .<ref name=":0" /> Aya amavuta akungahaye ku byitwa antioxidant bifasha mu gusukura umubiri ,gusohora uburozi bukomoka ku binyabutabire bya antioxidant ,bityo umuntu uyisiga n’uyarya bigatuma bahorana ubuzima bwiza<ref name=":0" /> = Amashakiro = . [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Health]] cg12l4q1furdabco2fike52dztwfj18 0 13102 119126 109429 2024-12-13T04:45:45Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2021 WK Vlaanderen 146 Diane Ingabire.jpg|thumb|Ingabire Beatha]] [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|156x156px|Isiganwa kumagare]] Ingabire Beatha yavutse 27 ukuboza 1995, umaze kuba ubukombe mu bari n’abategarugori muri uyu mukino wo gusiganwa ku [[igare]], aho akinira ikipe [[Les Amis Sportif|Les Amis Sportifs yi Rwamagana]] aherutse kwegukana shampiyona y’igihugu yo gusiganwa ku magare haba ku gusiganwa ku muntu ku giti cye ndetse no gusiganwa mu muhanda. <ref>https://www.eurosport.fr/cyclisme/beatha-ingabire_prs459491/person.shtml</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/ingabire-beatha-watwaye-shampiyona-y-igihugu-mu-gusiganwa-ku-magare-yarokotse</ref> akaba yarababajwe cyane n'urupfu rw'umutoza we [[Rugambwa Jean Baptiste]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/how-rwamagana-based-cycling-team-coping-after-losing-its-success-mastermind</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/141810/Sports/cyclist-ingabire-turns-focus-to-continental-championships</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=111701 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-date=2023-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230541/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=111701 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/ingabire-beatha-watwaye-shampiyona-y-igihugu-mu-gusiganwa-ku-magare-yarokotse</ref> == AMASHAKIRO == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] 9do4jmtp6v30kxn1orb7ia1z4bn89lc 0 13253 119138 88441 2024-12-13T06:00:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119138 wikitext text/x-wiki Adolphe Bagabo [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/107144/twaganiriye-byinshi-ku-buzima-bwa-kamichi-umaze-imyaka-8-muri-amerika-nigihe-azagarukira-m-107144.html umuhanzi akaba n’umunyamakuru]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/107144/twaganiriye-byinshi-ku-buzima-bwa-kamichi-umaze-imyaka-8-muri-amerika-nigihe-azagarukira-m-107144.html</ref> uzwi ku izina rya Kamichi wakoraga injyana ya Afrobeat mu Rwanda, yagiye muri Leza Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika tariki 15 rishyira kuwa 16 Mata 2014 akaba ariho yimuriye n’ibikorwa bye by’umuziki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umusingi.org/archives/15060 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-30 |archive-date=2022-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930185717/https://www.umusingi.org/archives/15060 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == Kamichi ni [https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/kamichi-yahishuye-ikintu-gikomeye-yabonye-kuri-kazeneza-merci-kizatuma-yegukana umwe mu bahanzi bakunzwe]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/kamichi-yahishuye-ikintu-gikomeye-yabonye-kuri-kazeneza-merci-kizatuma-yegukana</ref> n’abatari bake kuva yatangira umuziki mu ndirimbo zitandukanye zirimo 'Aho ruzingiye', 'Kabimye', 'Zoubeda' yakoranye na The Ben n’izindi zitandukanye.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/kamichi-azamurika-indirimbo-ye-byacitse-mu-mpera-z-icyi-cyumweru</ref> == Reba aha == os77rfmjdh0imou9evvntpmd397dddt 0 13718 119162 114991 2024-12-13T11:54:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119162 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Snow Scene at Shipka Pass 1.JPG|thumb|Urubura|254x254px]] == Urubura ni iki ? == Urubura ni [[imvura]] igwa mu ivuye mu kirere igizwe n'ibice bya barafu biremerera mu kirere maze bikicamo ibipande bimwe ari binini cyangwa se bitoya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.grandvalira.com/fr/blog-ski/temperature-neige |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216143624/https://www.grandvalira.com/fr/blog-ski/temperature-neige |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Urubura Rukorwa gute ? == [[Dosiye:Imvura yamahindu musanze.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Urubura kubutaka]] iyo ibicu bikonje bigenda byiyegeranya birimo utumorecule duto, maze umwuka ukazamuka mu kirere wahura n'[[amazi]] ugahinduka ibitonyanga by'amazi, ariko kubera ubukonje bwinshi bikaza guhinduka urubura.<ref name=":0" /> == AMOKO YU RUBURA == Urubura rugira amoko menshi ariko mu rwanda haboneka nka 3 gusa : * Hari urubura Rwumwe: uru rubura ni urubura rutagira amazi namake mbese rugwa nta mvura iruherekeje, iyo ruri kugwa ugirango ni amabuye. * Urubura urubura Rworoshye : uru ni urubura rugwa ariko harimo amazi cyangwa imvura jyeya. * [[Dosiye:Imvura yatebye mumashu.jpg|thumb|urubura|155x155px]]Urubura rutose : ni urubura rugwa neza harimo imvura nyinshi kandi rworoshye, ahanini ntago rwangiza cyane, kandi rukaba rwagwa hanashyushye.<ref>https://www.skiinfo.fr/news/les-differents-types-de-neige/</ref> == Mu [[Rwanda]] == [[Dosiye:Amahindu Musanze.jpg|thumb|177x177px|Urubura murwanda]] Mu Rwanda tugira urubura rukunze gusenya amazu, rukica imyaka haba insina, [[Ikigori|ibigori]], amasaka n;ibijumba mbese icyo rusanze mu murima rurabyangiza rugahita rushira bikarangira, kuburyo sikenshi rukunda kugwa, urwo rubura ntago rumara igihe kinini ruhita rushyira. sikimwe nahandi ku isi rushobora kumara ukwezi amezi abiri rugwa.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nyagatare-hegitari-600-z-imyaka-zangijwe-n-urubura-inzu-122-zivaho-ibisenge</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru/2013/02/130209_usweather</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mahanga/article/amerika-urubura-rwahejeje-benshi-mu-modoka-abapfa-bakomeje-kwiyongera</ref><ref>https://www.isangostar.rw/ubwongereza-ingendo-zindege-nyinshi-zasubitswe-kubera-urubura</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527104216/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == AMASHAKIRO == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Imvura]] t3pefeuv54czjhchxbc85bz7435kfrv 0 14246 119154 103880 2024-12-13T10:45:49Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119154 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Panel on Improving Gender Balance (03411055) (43943901330).jpg|thumb|Abagore ku isonga mu nama mpuzamahanga iharanira ihame ry'uburinganire.]] Uburenganzira bw'umugore nuburenganzira nuburenganzira busabwa ku bagore n’abakobwa ku isi. Bagize ishingiro ry’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore mu kinyejana cya 19 n’imigendekere y’abagore mu kinyejana cya 20 na 21. Mu bihugu bimwe, ubwo burenganzira bwashyizweho cyangwa bushyigikiwe n’amategeko, imigenzo yaho, n’imyitwarire, mu gihe mu bindi, birengagizwa kandi bigahagarikwa. Bitandukanye n’ibitekerezo byagutse by’uburenganzira bwa muntu binyuze mu kuvuga ko kubogama kw’amateka gakondo gakondo kubangamira ikoreshwa ry’uburenganzira bw’umugore n’abakobwa, bashyigikira abagabo n’abahungu. Ibibazo bikunze guhuzwa n’ibitekerezo by’uburenganzira bw’umugore birimo uburenganzira bwo kuba inyangamugayo n’ubwigenge, kutagira ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, gutora, gukora imirimo ya Leta, kugirana amasezerano n’amategeko, kugira uburenganzira bungana mu mategeko y’umuryango, ku kazi, kuri umushahara ukwiye cyangwa umushahara ungana, kugira uburenganzira bw'imyororokere, gutunga umutungo, no kwiga. [[Dosiye:W20 Conference- Panel - Inspiring women- Scaling up women’s entrepreneurship (33455379573).jpg|thumb|Uburenganzira bw'abagore mu Iterambere]] == Amateka == === Mezopotamiya === Abagore bo muri Sumeri ya kera bashoboraga kugura, gutunga, kugurisha, no kuzungura umutungo. Bashoboraga kwishora mu bucuruzi, [3] kandi bagatanga ubuhamya mu rukiko nk'abatangabuhamya. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, abagabo babo bashoboraga gutandukana kubera amakosa yoroheje, [3] kandi umugabo watanye ashobora kongera gushaka undi mugore, mu gihe umugore we wa mbere atigeze amubyarira. [3] [4]: 182 Umusizi wa Akkadian Enheduanna, umupadiri wa Inanna akaba n'umukobwa wa Sargon, ni we musizi uzwi cyane izina ryanditswe. [5] Amategeko ya kera ya Babiloni yemerera umugabo gutandukana n’umugore we uko byagenda kose, [4]: 140 ariko kubikora byamusabye gusubiza ibintu bye byose ndetse rimwe na rimwe akamuha ihazabu. [4]: 140 Amategeko menshi yabuzaga umugore saba umugabo we ubutane kandi ashyira mu bikorwa ibihano bimwe ku mugore usaba ubutane nko ku mugore wafatiwe mu busambanyi. , abasaba kwishyura amande amwe. [[Dosiye:Women in Egypt.jpg|thumb|Abagore mu Misiri]] === Misiri === Igishusho cya farawo wumugore Hatshepsut cyerekanwe mungoro yubuhanzi ya Metropolitan Muri Egiputa ya kera, abategarugori bari bafite uburenganzira bungana n’amategeko nk’umugabo, nubwo uburenganzira bwabo bushingiye ku mibereho. Umutungo wubutaka wamanutse kumurongo wumugore kuva nyina kugeza kumukobwa, kandi abagore bari bafite uburenganzira bwo gucunga umutungo wabo. Abagore bo muri Egiputa ya kera barashobora kugura, kugurisha, kuba abafatanyabikorwa mu masezerano yemewe n'amategeko, kuba ababishaka mu bushake n'abatangabuhamya ku nyandiko zemewe n'amategeko, kurega mu rukiko, no kurera abana. [[Dosiye:Mamallapuram, Visitors, Women of India.jpg|thumb|Abaagore mu Buhinde]] === Ubuhinde === Abagore mugihe cyambere cya Vediki [7] bafite umwanya ungana nabagabo mubice byose byubuzima. Ibikorwa byakozwe n’ikibonezamvugo cya kera cy’Abahinde nka Patanjali na Katyayana byerekana ko abagore bize mu gihe cya Vediki ya mbere. [9] Imirongo ya Rigvedic yerekana ko abagore bashakanye bakuze kandi birashoboka ko bafite umudendezo wo kwihitiramo abagabo babo mubikorwa byitwa swayamvar cyangwa kubana neza byitwa ubukwe bwa Gandharva. [[Dosiye:Group of workers harvesting tea Chakva Prokudin-Gorsky.jpg|thumb|Abagore mu Iterambere ry'ubugereki]] === Ubugereki === Ifoto ya vase itukura yerekana abagore babiri bamesa imyenda Ifoto ya vase itukura yerekana umugore ugurisha ibiryo Abategarugori bubahwa bo muri Atene bari biteganijwe ko bazishora mubikorwa byo murugo nko koza imyenda (ibumoso); mubyukuri, benshi bakoze (iburyo). Nubwo abagore benshi badafite uburenganzira bwa politiki n'uburinganire mu bihugu byo mu mujyi wa Bugereki bwa kera, bari bafite umudendezo runaka wo kugenda kugeza mu bihe bya kera. Inyandiko zibaho kandi ku bagore bo muri Delphi ya kera, Gortyn, Thessaly, Megara, na Sparta batunze ubutaka, uburyo buzwi cyane bw'umutungo bwite muri kiriya gihe. Icyakora, nyuma y’igihe cya kera, abashingamategeko batangiye gushyiraho amategeko yubahiriza ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, bituma uburenganzira bw’umugore bugabanuka. Abagore bo muri Atenayi ya kera ntibari bafite ubuzimagatozi kandi bafatwaga nk'abagize oikos iyobowe na kyrios y'abagabo. Kugeza igihe cyo gushyingirwa, abagore barerwaga na se cyangwa undi muvandimwe w'umugabo. Umugabo amaze gushyingirwa, yabaye kyrios yumugore. Kubera ko abategarugori babujijwe gukurikirana imanza, abami babikora mu izina ryabo. Abagore bo muri Atene bashoboraga kubona uburenganzira ku mutungo binyuze mu mpano, inkwano, no kuzungura, nubwo kyrios ye yari ifite uburenganzira bwo guta umutungo w’umugore. Abagore bo muri Atenayi bashoboraga kugirana amasezerano gusa afite agaciro kari munsi yagaciro ka "medimnos ya sayiri" (urugero rw'ingano), bigatuma abagore bakora ubucuruzi buciriritse. Abagore ntibakuwe muri demokarasi ya kera ya Atenayi, haba mu bikorwa no mu bikorwa. Abacakara bashoboraga kuba Abanyatene nyuma yo kubohorwa, ariko nta mugore wigeze abona ubwenegihugu muri Atenayi ya kera. Muri Atenayi ya kera abagore nabo babujijwe kuba abasizi,intiti, abanyapolitiki, cyangwa abahanzi. Mu gihe cy'Abagiriki muri Atenayi, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya Aristote yatekereje ko abagore bazana imvururu n'ikibi, bityo bikaba byiza ko abagore batandukana n'abandi baturage. Uku gutandukana kwaba gusaba gutura mucyumba cyitwa gynaikeion, mugihe ureba imirimo murugo kandi ukaba udafite aho uhuriye nisi yumugabo. Ibi byari no kwemeza ko abagore bafite abana bemewe gusa nabagabo babo. Abagore bo muri Atene bize amashuri make, usibye gutozwa urugo kubumenyi bwibanze nko kuzunguruka, kuboha, guteka, ndetse nubumenyi bwamafaranga. Nubwo abagore b’Abanyasiparita batandukanijwe mu buryo bwa gisirikare n’ubuzima bwa politiki, bari bafite umwanya utari muto w’ababyeyi b’abarwanyi ba Spartan. Nkuko abagabo bakoraga ibikorwa bya gisirikare, abagore bafataga inshingano zo kuyobora imitungo. Nyuma y'intambara yamaze igihe kinini mu kinyejana cya 4 mbere ya Yesu, abagore bo muri Spartan batunze hafi 35% na 40% by'ubutaka bwose n'umutungo wa Spartan. [18] Mu gihe cy'Abagiriki, bamwe mu Banyasiparita bakize cyane bari abagore. Abagore bo muri Spartan bagenzuraga imitungo yabo bwite, ndetse n'umutungo wa bene wabo b'igitsina gabo bari kure y'ingabo. Abakobwa kimwe n'abahungu bize amashuri. [18] Nubwo ariko ubwisanzure bwo kugenda bw’abagore b’Abanyasiparita, uruhare rwabo muri politiki rwabaye kimwe n’abagore bo muri Atene. Platon yemeye ko guha uburenganzira bw'abaturage no mu bya politiki ku bagore byahindura cyane imiterere y'urugo na Leta. Aristote wari warigishijwe na Platon, yahakanye ko abagore ari imbata cyangwa ko bagengwa n'umutungo, avuga ko "kamere yatandukanije umugore n'umugaragu", ariko we abona ko abagore "bagurwa". Yavuze ko ibikorwa by’ubukungu by’umugore ari ibyo kurinda umutungo w’urugo wakozwe n’abagabo. Ku bwa Aristote, umurimo w'abagore nta gaciro wongeyeho kuko "ubuhanga bwo gucunga urugo ntaho buhuriye n'ubuhanga bwo kubona ubutunzi, kuko umwe akoresha ibikoresho undi atanga". [23] Ibinyuranye n'ibitekerezo bya Platon, abahanga mu bya filozofiya b'Abasitoyiko bavuze ko uburinganire bw'umugabo n'umugore bungana, ubusumbane bushingiye ku gitsina babona ko binyuranyije n'amategeko y'ibidukikije. Mu kubikora, bakurikiranye Abasinike, bavuga ko abagabo n'abagore bagomba kwambara imyenda imwe kandi bakiga amashuri amwe. Babonaga kandi gushyingiranwa ari ubusabane bwimyitwarire hagati yuburinganire aho gukenera ibinyabuzima cyangwa imibereho kandi bagashyira mubikorwa ibyo bitekerezo mubuzima bwabo kimwe ninyigisho zabo. Abasitoyiko bemeje ibitekerezo by'Abasinike kandi babongerera ku nyigisho zabo bwite za kamere muntu, bityo bashyira uburinganire bwabo ku mibonano mpuzabitsina ishingiye kuri filozofiya ikomeye. [[Dosiye:Khamoro Roma Festival 2007 Prague.jpg|thumb|Abagore muri Roma]] === Roma === Abagore bakorana numugabo mu iduka ryirangi (fullonica), kurukuta rwa Pompeii Amategeko y'Abaroma, kimwe n'amategeko ya Atene, yashyizweho n'abagabo kugira ngo ashyigikire abantu. Abagore ntibari bafite ijwi rusange kandi nta ruhare rusange bagize, byateye imbere nyuma yikinyejana cya 1 kugeza mu kinyejana cya 6 MIC. Abakenyezi b'abidegemvya bo muri Roma ya kera bari abanyagihugu bafise uburenganzira bwo gukingirwa no gukingirwa bitari abanyagihugu canke abashumba. Umuryango w'Abaroma ariko, wari abakurambere, kandi abagore ntibashoboraga gutora, gukora imirimo ya Leta, cyangwa kujya mu gisirikare. Abagore bo mu cyiciro cyo hejuru bagize uruhare muri politiki binyuze mu gushyingirwa no kubyara. Muri Repubulika y'Abaroma, ba nyina b'abavandimwe ba Gracchus na Julius Sezari bagaragaye nk'abagore b'intangarugero bateje imbere umwuga w'abahungu babo. Mu gihe cy’Ubwami, abagore bo mu muryango w’umwami w'abami bashoboraga kubona imbaraga za politiki kandi bakagaragazwa buri gihe mu buhanzi no mu biceri. Intego nyamukuru y’umuryango w’Abaroma yari pater familias cyangwa umutware wumugabo wakoreshaga ububasha ku bana be bose, abakozi be n’umugore we. Abakobwa bari bafite uburenganzira bungana n’abahungu niba se yarapfuye atabishaka. Kimwe n'abagore bo muri Atene, abagore b'Abaroma bari bafite umurinzi cyangwa nk'uko bitwaga "umurezi" wacungaga akanagenzura ibikorwa bye byose. Iyi myigishirize yari ifite ibikorwa bike by’abagore ariko mu kinyejana cya mbere kugeza mu kinyejana cya gatandatu MIC, umutoza yararuhutse cyane kandi abagore bemerewe kugira uruhare mu bikorwa rusange nko gutunga cyangwa gucunga umutungo ndetse no gukora nk'abashinzwe amakomine mu mikino ya gladiator n'ibindi bikorwa by'imyidagaduro [ 25] Kubyara byatewe inkunga na leta. Kugeza mu wa 27–14 MIC, ius tritium liberorum ("uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko bw'abana batatu") yahaye icyubahiro n'ikigereranyo uburenganzira bw'ikigereranyo ku mugore wabyaye abana batatu kandi amukura mu burinzi bw'abagabo. [30] Mu bihe bya mbere bya Repubulika y’Abaroma, umugeni yavuye ku butegetsi bwa se yinjira mu "kuboko" (manus) y’umugabo we. Nyuma yaje kugengwa na potestas yumugabo we, nubwo bitarenze abana babo. Ubu buryo bwa kera bwubukwe bwa manus bwarahebwe cyane mugihe cya Julius Sezari, mugihe umugore yagumye munsi y'ubutegetsi bwa se n'amategeko nubwo yimukiye mu rugo rw'umugabo we. Iyi gahunda yari imwe mu mpamvu z’ubwigenge abagore b’Abaroma bishimiye. Nubwo abagore bagombaga gusubiza ba se mu bijyanye n'amategeko, ntibigeze bamukurikirana mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, [33] kandi abagabo babo nta bubasha bari bafite kuri bo. Igihe se w'umugore yapfaga, yarekuwe mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko (sui iuris). Umugore wubatse yagumanye gutunga ibintu byose yazanye mu bashakanye. Abakobwa bari bafite uburenganzira bungana n’abahungu niba se yarapfuye atabishaka. Mu mategeko ya kera y'Abaroma, umugabo nta burenganzira yari afite bwo guhohotera umugore we ku mubiri cyangwa kumuhatira gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Gukubita umugore byari impamvu zihagije zo gutandukana cyangwa ikindi cyemezo kirega umugabo. Kubera ubuzimagatozi bwabo nk'abenegihugu n'urwego bashobora kurekurwa, abagore bo muri Roma ya kera bashoboraga gutunga umutungo, bagirana amasezerano, kandi bakishora mu bucuruzi. Bamwe babonye kandi bajugunya umutungo utari muto, kandi byanditswe mu nyandiko nk'abagiraneza mu gutera inkunga ibikorwa rusange. Abagore b'Abaroma bashoboraga kwitaba urukiko bakajya impaka, nubwo byari bimenyerewe ko bahagararirwa n'umugabo. Basuzugurwaga icyarimwe nk'ubujiji bukabije kandi badafite imitekerereze idahwitse yo gukurikiza amategeko, kandi bakora cyane kandi bafite uruhare runini mu bijyanye n'amategeko - bivamo itegeko ryabuzaga abagore gukora imanza mu izina ryabo bwite aho kuba abandi '. Ariko na nyuma y’iri tegeko ryashyizweho, hari ingero nyinshi z’abagore bafata ibyemezo mu bibazo by’amategeko, harimo no gutegeka ingamba z’amategeko ku babunganira abagabo. Amategeko y'Abaroma yemeraga ko gufata ku ngufu ari icyaha uwahohotewe nta cyaha yari afite [43] n'icyaha cy'urupfu. Gusambanya ku gahato umugore byafatwaga nk'igitero cyagabwe ku muryango we no ku cyubahiro cya se, kandi abahohotewe ku ngufu bakozwe n'ikimwaro kubera ko bemeye izina ribi mu cyubahiro cya se. Nkuko amategeko abiteganya, gufata ku ngufu byakorerwa gusa umuturage uhagaze neza. Gufata ku ngufu imbata byashoboraga gukurikiranwa gusa nk’ibyangiritse ku mutungo wa nyirabyo. Igishushanyo cya bronze cyumukobwa ukiri muto usoma (ikinyejana cya nyuma) Umwami w'abami wa mbere w’Abaroma, Augustus, yavuze ko yazamutse ku butegetsi bwonyine kugira ngo agaruke ku mico gakondo, kandi agerageza kugenga imyitwarire y’abagore binyuze mu mategeko mbwirizamuco. Ubusambanyi, bwari bwarabaye ikibazo cy’umuryango wigenga muri Repubulika, bwahamwe n’icyaha, [46] kandi busobanurwa muri rusange ko ari igikorwa cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina kitemewe (stuprum) cyabaye hagati y’umuturage w’umugabo n’umugore washatse, cyangwa hagati y’umugore wubatse n’umugabo uwo ari we wese kuruta umugabo we. Kubwibyo, umugore wubatse yashoboraga kuryamana numugabo we gusa, ariko umugabo wubatse ntiyasambanye mugihe yaryamanye nindaya, imbata, cyangwa umuntu ufite akato (infamis). Indaya nyinshi muri Roma ya kera zari imbata, nubwo imbata zimwe zarindwaga uburaya ku gahato n’ingingo yo mu masezerano yabo yo kugurisha. Umugore wigenga wakoraga nkindaya cyangwa imyidagaduro yatakaje imibereho ye ahinduka infamis, "icyubahiro"; mu gutuma umubiri we uboneka ku mugaragaro, mu by'ukuri yari yaratanze uburenganzira bwe bwo kurindwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Filozofiya ya stoic yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry'amategeko y'Abaroma. Abasitoyiko bo mu bihe bya Imperial nka Seneka na Musonius Rufus batezimbere ibitekerezo byimibanire gusa. Nubwo badashyigikiye uburinganire muri sosiyete cyangwa mu mategeko, bavuze ko kamere iha abagabo n’abagore ubushobozi bungana bwo kugira ingeso nziza ndetse n’inshingano zingana zo gukora neza, bityo rero abagabo n’abagore bakeneye uburere buke bwa filozofiya. [24] Iyi mitekerereze ya filozofiya mu ntore ziyobora zitekereza ko zagize uruhare mu kuzamura imibereho y’abagore ku ngoma. [50] Roma ntiyari ifite gahunda y’ishuri ryatewe inkunga na leta, kandi uburezi bwaboneka gusa kubabishoboye. Abakobwa b'abasenateri na knight basa nkaho bahoraga biga amashuri abanza (kumyaka 7 kugeza 12). Hatitawe ku gitsina, abantu bake barize barenze urwo rwego. Abakobwa bakomoka mu buryo buciriritse barashobora kwigishwa kugira ngo bafashe mu bucuruzi bwo mu muryango cyangwa kugira ubumenyi bwo gusoma no kwandika bwabafashaga gukora nk'abanditsi n'abanyamabanga. Umugore wamamaye cyane ku isi ya kera kubera imyigire ye ni Hypatia wo muri Alegizandiriya, wigishije abasore amasomo akomeye kandi agisha inama perefe w’Abaroma wa Misiri kuri politiki. Inganzo ye yatumye agirana amakimbirane na musenyeri wa Alegizandiriya, Cyril, ushobora kuba yaragize uruhare mu rupfu rwe rw’urugomo mu mwaka wa 415 azize agatsiko ka gikristo. Abashakanye bafatana urunana mu ishyingiranwa, bagereranywa n'Abaroma nk'urwego rwubaka umuryango kandi nk'ubufatanye bwa bagenzi bakorera hamwe kubyara no kurera abana, gucunga ibintu bya buri munsi, kubaho ubuzima bw'intangarugero, no kwishimira urukundo [54] [[Dosiye:Beach handball Euro 2019 Preliminary Round Women CRO-ROM 054.jpg|thumb|Abagore mu myidagaduru Roma]] === Ingoma ya Byzantine === Kubera ko amategeko ya Byzantine yari ashingiye ahanini ku mategeko y'Abaroma, ubuzima gatozi bw'abagore ntiyahindutse cyane mubikorwa byo mu kinyejana cya 6. Ariko inzitizi gakondo z’abagore mu buzima rusange kimwe no kwanga abagore bigenga ziracyakomeza. Uruhare runini rw’umuco w’Abagereki rwagize uruhare mu myumvire ikaze ku ruhare rw’umugore mu rugo aho kuba rubanda. Hariho kandi kwiyongera kw'abagore batari indaya, imbata cyangwa abidagadura ngo bitwikirwe rwose. Kimwe n'amategeko ya mbere y'Abaroma, abagore ntibashoboraga kuba abatangabuhamya mu by'amategeko, kuyobora ubuyobozi cyangwa gukora amabanki ariko barashobora kuzungura imitungo n'ubutaka bwabo. Nkuko bisanzwe, iryo torero ryakoreshwaga mu rwego rwo gukuraho ubumuga bwashyizweho n’itegeko rya kera ku buseribateri no kutabyara, ibikoresho byongerewe kwinjira mu buzima bwitwa ko ari idini, ndetse no guteganyirizwa umugore. Itorero kandi ryashyigikiraga imbaraga za politiki z'abari bafitanye ubucuti n'abayobozi b'amadini. Ishyirwaho ry'ababyeyi na ba nyirakuru nk'abarezi ryemejwe na Justinian. Ibibujijwe ku ishyingirwa ry’abasenateri n’abandi bagabo bo mu rwego rwo hejuru hamwe n’abagore bo mu rwego rwo hasi byongerewe na Constantine, ariko hafi ya byose byavanyweho na Justinian. Umubano wa kabiri waciwe intege, cyane cyane mu kwemeza ko hashyirwaho itegeko rivuga ko uburenganzira bw’umupfakazi ku mutungo bugomba guhagarika kongera gushaka, kandi Itegeko Nshinga rya Leonine mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 9 ryatumaga gushyingirwa kwa gatatu bihanwa. Itegeko-nshinga naryo ryatumye umugisha wa padiri uba ngombwa mu mihango yo gushyingirwa. [[Dosiye:Women of Beijing at Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests (2).jpg|thumb|Abagore mu gihugu cy'ubushinwa]] === Ubushinwa === Guhambira ibirenge, umuco ukunze gukoreshwa ku bagore b'Abashinwa hagati y'ikinyejana cya 10 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. Ishusho yerekana X-ray yamaguru abiri aboshye. Abagore bo mu Bushinwa mu mateka no mu bihe bya kera babonaga ko bari hasi kandi bafite ubuzima gatozi bushingiye ku mategeko ya Confuciya. Mu Bushinwa Imperial, "Abumvira Batatu" bazamuye abakobwa kumvira ba se, abagore bumvira abagabo babo, n'abapfakazi kumvira abahungu babo. Abagore ntibashoboraga kuragwa ubucuruzi cyangwa ubutunzi [57] kandi abagabo bagombaga kurera umuhungu kubwibyo bikorwa byamafaranga. Amategeko ya nyuma yubwami yerekanaga ubwoko burindwi butandukanye bwo gutandukana. Umugore ashobora kwirukanwa aramutse ananiwe kubyara umuhungu, agasambana, atumvira nyirabukwe, akavuga cyane, akiba, agahabwa ishyari, cyangwa akaba yararwaye indwara idakira cyangwa iteye ishozi cyangwa indwara. [57] Ariko hariho n'imbibi ku mugabo - nk'urugero, ntashobora gutandukana aramutse abonye aho icyunamo cya sebukwe, niba adafite umuryango wo gutaha, cyangwa niba umuryango w'umugabo wahoze ari umukene kandi kuva icyo gihe ukaba wari ufite ube umukire. Umubare w'abagore mu Bushinwa nawo wari muke, ahanini bitewe n'umuco wo guhambira ibirenge. Ku byiciro byo hejuru, byari hafi 100%. Mu 1912, guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yategetse ko guhagarika ibirenge. Guhambira ibirenge birimo guhindura imiterere yamagufwa kuburyo ibirenge byari bifite uburebure bwa santimetero enye gusa. Ibirenge biboshye byateje ingorane zo kugenda, bityo bigabanya cyane ibikorwa byabagore. Bitewe n'imigenzo mbonezamubano ivuga ko abagabo n'abagore batagomba kuba hafi yabo, abagore b'Abashinwa ntibashakaga kuvurwa n'abaganga b'abagabo bo mu Burengerazuba bw'Ubuvuzi. Ibi byatumye hakenerwa cyane abaganga b’abagore b’ubuvuzi bw’iburengerazuba mu Bushinwa. Ni yo mpamvu, umumisiyonari w’ubuvuzi w’umugore Dr. Mary H. Fulton (1854–1927) [58] yoherejwe n’inama y’ubutumwa bw’amahanga mu Itorero rya Peresibiteriyeni (USA) gushinga ishuri rikuru ry’ubuvuzi ry’abagore mu Bushinwa. Iri shuri rizwi ku izina rya Hackett Medical College ry’Abagore, [59] [60] iryo shuri ryashobojwe i Guangzhou mu Bushinwa, ku nkunga nini yatanzwe na Edward A.K. Hackett (1851–1916) wa Indiana, Amerika. Iri shuri ryari rigamije gukwirakwiza ubukristu n’ubuvuzi bwa kijyambere no kuzamura imibereho y’abagore b’abashinwa. [61] Muri Repubulika y'Ubushinwa (1912–49) na guverinoma z'Ubushinwa mbere, abagore baguzwe mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko bagurishwa mu bucakara bitwaje abakozi bo mu rugo. Aba bagore bari bazwi ku izina rya Mui Tsai. Ubuzima bwa Mui Tsai bwanditswe n’umunyamerika w’umugore witwa Agnes Smedley mu gitabo cye cyitwa Portraits y’abagore b’abashinwa muri Revolution. Icyakora, mu 1949, Repubulika y’Ubushinwa yahiritswe n’inyeshyamba z’abakomunisiti ziyobowe na Mao Zedong, maze Repubulika y’Ubushinwa ishingwa muri uwo mwaka. Muri Gicurasi 1950, Repubulika y’Ubushinwa yashyizeho itegeko rishya ry’abashyingiranywe kugira ngo bakemure igurishwa ry’abagore mu bucakara. Uku gushyingirwa bitemewe na proxy kandi byatumye ishyingiranwa ryemewe mugihe abashakanye bombi babyemeye. Itegeko rishya ryo gushyingirwa ryazamuye imyaka yemewe yo gushyingirwa igera kuri 20 ku bagabo na 18 ku bagore. Iki cyari igice cyingenzi mu kuvugurura ubutaka mu cyaro kuko abagore batagishoboye kugurishwa na ba nyirinzu. Icivugo cyemewe cyari "Abagabo n'abagore barangana; umuntu wese akwiriye umunyu (cyangwa)". == Amateka ya nyuma ya kera == === Dahomey Amazone yari Fon ibitsina gore. === Haba mbere ndetse no mu bihe bya Bibiliya, uruhare rw'umugore muri sosiyete rwaragabanijwe cyane. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, muri Bibiliya, abagore bagaragazwa ko bafite uburenganzira bwo kwihagararaho mu rukiko, [66]: 56-62 ubushobozi bwo gukora amasezerano, [66]: 63-67 n'uburenganzira bwo kugura, gutunga, kugurisha, na kuzungura umutungo. Kutubahiriza ubwo burenganzira bwo mu Isezerano rya Kera byakozwe n’umugabo ufite abagore benshi byahaye umugore impamvu zo gutandukana: [67] umuhe ibi bintu bitatu, agomba kugenda ku buntu, nta kwishyura amafaranga "(Kuva 21: 10-11). === Qor'an === Iki gice cyukuri ntikivugwaho rumwe. Ibiganiro bijyanye murashobora kubisanga kubiganiro: Uburenganzira bwumugore. Nyamuneka fasha kwemeza ko amagambo atavugwaho rumwe yaturutse neza. (Ukuboza 2018) (Wige uburyo nigihe cyo gukuraho ubu butumwa bwicyitegererezo) Qor'ani, Abayisilamu bemeza ko yahishuriwe Muhamadi mu gihe cy'imyaka 23, yatanze ubuyobozi ku muryango wa kisilamu kandi ihindura imigenzo yari isanzweho muri sosiyete y'Abarabu. Qor'ani isobanura uburenganzira buke ku bagore mu bashakanye, gutana, no kuzungura. Mu guteganya ko umugore, atari umuryango we, yari guhabwa inkwano n’umugabo, yashoboraga gutanga nk’umutungo we bwite, Qor'ani yagize abagore mu buryo bwemewe n’amasezerano yo gushyingirwa. Mu gihe mu mategeko gakondo, umurage wasangaga ugarukira gusa ku bakomoka ku bagabo, Qor'ani yarimo amategeko yerekeye umurage hamwe n’imigabane imwe n'imwe yagabanijwe ku bazungura babanje, babanje guhabwa abavandimwe b’abakobwa hafi, hanyuma bene wabo b'abagabo begereye. [71] Nk’uko Annemarie Schimmel "abigereranije n'umwanya wabanjirije Ubuyisilamu bw'abagore, amategeko ya kisilamu yasobanuye iterambere rinini; uyu mugore afite uburenganzira, nibura akurikije ibaruwa y'amategeko, gucunga umutungo yazanye mu muryango cyangwa afite yinjijwe n'umurimo we bwite. "[72] Ku bagore b’abarabu, Islamu yarimo kubuza uruhinja rw’umugore no kumenya uburinganire bw’umugore. Muri rusange abagore babonye uburenganzira burenze ubw'abagore bo muri Arabiya yabanjirije Ubuyisilamu [74] [75] no mu Burayi bwo hagati. Abagore ntibahawe ubuzima gatozi mu yindi mico kugeza mu binyejana byakurikiye. Ku bwa Porofeseri William Montgomery Watt, iyo agaragaye mu bihe nk'ibi, Muhammad "ashobora kugaragara nk'umuntu watanze ubuhamya mu izina ry'uburenganzira bw'umugore." [78] === Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba === Abagore bakora imirimo mugihe cyo hagati Uburenganzira bw'umugore bwarinzwe n’Itorero rya Gikristo rya mbere ryo mu gihe cyo hagati: imwe mu ngingo za mbere zemewe n'amategeko zerekeye uburenganzira bw’umugore yatangajwe n’inama ya Adge mu 506, aho muri Canon XVI yavugaga ko niba umusore wubatse yifuza gushyirwaho, we yasabye uruhushya rw'umugore we. [79] Itorero n'umuco byo mu Bwongereza mu gihe cyo hagati byafataga abagore nk'intege nke, badashyira mu gaciro, bashobora kwibasirwa n'ibishuko, kandi ko bakeneye guhora bagenzurwa. [80] Adamu na Eva aho Eva yaguye mubishuko bya Satani maze ayobora Adamu kurya pome. Iyi myizerere yari ishingiye kuri Mutagatifu Pawulo, ko ububabare bwo kubyara ari igihano kuri iki gikorwa cyatumye abantu birukanwa mu busitani bwa Edeni. [80] Ubuke bw'abagore bugaragara no mu nyandiko zo mu gihe cyo hagati; nk'urugero, umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya wa 1200 AD, Jacques de Vitry (wasangaga agirira impuhwe abagore kurusha abandi) yashimangiye ko abagore bumvira abagabo babo kandi akavuga ko abagore ari abanyerera, abanyantege nke, batiringirwa, abayobya, abashuka kandi binangiye. [80] Iri torero kandi ryateje imbere Bikira Mariya nk'intangarugero ku bagore kwigana ari abere mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, gushyingirwa n'umugabo amaherezo biba nyina. Iyo yari intego nyamukuru yerekanaga umuco ndetse n’amadini mu Burayi bwo Hagati. Gufatwa ku ngufu kandi byagaragaye mu Bwongereza bwo mu kinyejana cya 5 nk'icyaha cyakorewe se cyangwa umugabo ndetse no kurenga ku kubarinda no kurera abagore barera mu rugo. Imyirondoro y'abagore mu myaka yo hagati yanagaragajwe binyuze mu mibanire yabo n'abagabo bafitanye isano, nka "umukobwa we" cyangwa "n'umugore n'umugore". N'ubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Itorero ryakomeje gushimangira akamaro k'urukundo no kugirana inama mu bashakanye kandi ryabuzaga ubutane ubwo aribwo bwose kugira ngo umugore agire uwo amwitaho. === Ibikorwa byabagore bumwami mugihe cyo hagati === Muri rusange mu Burayi mu gihe cyagati, abagore barutaga abagabo mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko. Mu Burayi bwo Hagati, abagore bahatiwe kutitaba inkiko kandi bagasigira abagabo babo ibibazo byose by’ubucuruzi. Muri ayamategeko, abagore babonwaga nk'umutungo w'abagabo ku buryo iterabwoba cyangwa igikomere kuri bo cyari inshingano y'abashinzwe kurera. Mu mategeko ya Irilande, abagore babujijwe gukora nk'abatangabuhamya mu nkiko. Mu mategeko ya Welsh, ubuhamya bw’abagore bushobora kwemerwa ku bandi bagore ariko ntibureke abagabo, ariko amategeko ya Welsh, cyane cyane Amategeko ya Hywel Dda, yanagaragaje uburyo abagabo bagomba kwishyura abana barera abana batashyingiranywe, ibyo bikaba byahaye abagore uburenganzira bwo gusaba uburenganzira. kwishura. Mu Bufaransa, ubuhamya bw'abagore bwagombaga gushimangira n'izindi nkuru cyangwa ntibwakirwa. Nubwo byari byitezwe ko abagore batazitabira inkiko, ibi ariko ntabwo buri gihe byari ukuri. Rimwe na rimwe, tutitaye ku biteganijwe, abagore bitabiriye kandi bakitabira imanza n'inkiko. Ariko abagore ntibashoboraga gukora nk'abacamanza mu nkiko, kuba abavoka cyangwa abagize inteko y'abacamanza, cyangwa gushinja undi muntu icyaha gikomeye keretse niba ari ubwicanyi bw'umugabo we. Ahanini, ikintu cyiza umugore yakora mu nkiko zo hagati ni ukureba imiburanishirize yimanza. Amategeko ya Suwede yarindaga abagore ububasha bw’abagabo babo baha ububasha bene wabo b'abagabo. Umutungo w’umugore nubutaka nabyo ntibishobora gutwarwa numugabo atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya numuryango we ariko numugore ntashobora. Ibi bivuze ko umugore adashobora kwimurira umugabo we umutungo we atabiherewe numuryango we cyangwa umuvandimwe. Mu mategeko ya Suwede, umugore na we yari kubona kimwe cya kabiri cya murumuna we mu murage. Nubwo ibyo bibazo by’amategeko, Suwede yari imbere cyane kandi isumba cyane mu gufata abagore kurusha ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi. Ubukwe bwo mu gihe cyo hagati mu ntore bwateguwe mu buryo bujyanye n'inyungu z'umuryango muri rusange. Mu buryo bw'igitekerezo, umugore yari akeneye kubyemera mbere yuko bashyingirwa kandi Itorero ryashishikarije ubwo bwumvikane kugaragazwa n'iki gihe kandi atari ejo hazaza. Ubukwe bushobora no kubaho ahantu hose kandi imyaka ntarengwa ku bakobwa yari 12, mu gihe yari 14 ku bahungu. === Amajyaruguru y'Uburayi === Igipimo cya Wergild cyagaragaje ko abagore bo muri iyo societe bahabwa agaciro cyane cyane kubworozi bwabo. Wergild y'umugore yikubye kabiri iy'umugabo ufite statut imwe mu mategeko ya Aleman na Bavariya. Hagati aho Wergild y’umugore yikubye inshuro eshatu iy'umugabo ufite statut imwe mu mategeko agenga amategeko ya Salic na Repuarian ku bagore bafite imyaka yo kubyara, igizwe kuva ku myaka 12 kugeza kuri 40. [85] Imwe mu mategeko y’Abadage yakomotse ku muco wa Lombard yemeje ko abagore bayoborwa na mundoald w’umugabo, ibyo bikaba byari bigize se, umugabo, umuhungu mukuru cyangwa amaherezo umwami nkuburyo bwa nyuma niba adafite bene wabo b'abagabo. [85] Umugore yari akeneye uruhushya rwa mundold rwo gucunga umutungo ariko arashobora gutunga amasambu ye nibicuruzwa. Uturere tumwe na tumwe dufite amategeko y’umurage wa Visigothique kugeza mu kinyejana cya 7 byari byiza ku bagore mu gihe andi mategeko yose atari yo. Mbere y’ubukirisitu bw’Uburayi, wasangaga umwanya muto w’abagore bemera gushyingirwa no gushyingirwa binyuze mu kugura (cyangwa Kaufehe) mu byukuri byari umuco w’abaturage, bitandukanye n’ubundi buryo bwo gushyingirwa binyuze mu gufatwa (cyangwa Raubehe). Icyakora ubukirisitu bwatinze kugera mu tundi turere twa Baltique na Scandinaviya gusa bugera kuri King Harald Bluetooth ya Danemark mu mwaka wa 950 nyuma ya Yesu. Ababa bakurikiza amategeko ya Noruveje na Islande bakoresheje ubukwe kugira ngo bagirane ubumwe cyangwa bagire amahoro, ubusanzwe abagore batabivuze cyangwa babyemereye. Icyakora uburenganzira bwo gutandukana bwari bwemewe ku bagore bahohotewe ku mubiri ariko gukingirwa ibibi ntabwo byahawe abo bitwaga "abagore babi" nk'abasabirizi, abakozi n'abacakara. Kuryamana nabo ku gahato cyangwa batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya nta nkurikizi cyangwa ibihano byemewe n'amategeko. Mu gihe cya Viking, abagore bari bafite ubwisanzure mu bihugu byo mu majyaruguru ya Suwede, Danemarke na Noruveje, bigaragazwa na Grágás yo muri Islande ndetse n'amategeko ya Frostating yo muri Noruveje hamwe n'amategeko ya Gulating. Nyirasenge wa papa, mwishywa wa papa n'umwuzukuru wa papa, bitwaga odalkvinna, bose bari bafite uburenganzira bwo kuzungura umutungo ku muntu wapfuye. Iyo bene wabo b'igitsina gabo badahari, umugore utarashatse adafite umuhungu, yashoboraga kuragwa umutungo gusa, ariko n'umwanya wo kuba umutware wumuryango kwa se cyangwa umuvandimwe wapfuye. Umugore ufite statut nk'iyo bamwitaga ringkvinna, kandi yakoresheje uburenganzira bwose yahawe umutware w'umuryango, nk'uburenganzira bwo gusaba no guhanishwa ihazabu yo kwica umuntu wo mu muryango, keretse niba yarashatse, akaba ari we. uburenganzira bwahawe umugabo we. Nyuma y’imyaka 20, umugore utarashatse, witwa maer na mey, ageze ku bwiganze bwemewe n’amategeko, afite uburenganzira bwo guhitamo aho atuye, kandi yafatwaga nk’umuntu ku giti cye imbere y’amategeko. Uretse ubwigenge bwe ni uburenganzira bwo guhitamo uwo bazabana, kubera ko ubusanzwe ishyingiranwa ryategurwaga n'umuryango. Abapfakazi bishimiye kimwe kwigenga status nk'abagore batubatse. Abagore bari bafite ubutware bw'amadini kandi bakoraga nk'abapadiri (gydja) n'amagambo (sejdkvinna); nk'abacuruzi n'abagore b'imiti. [88] Bashobora kandi kuba baragize uruhare mubiro bya gisirikare: inkuru zerekeye inkeragutabara ntizemezwa, ariko bimwe mubya kera byubucukuzi nkumurwanyi wa Birka wumugore wa Viking birashobora kwerekana ko byibuze abagore bamwe mubuyobozi bwa gisirikare bariho. Umugore wubatse ashobora gutandukana n'umugabo we akongera gushaka. Byari byemewe kandi mu mibereho ko umugore wigenga yabana numugabo akabyarana atarongowe, kabone niyo uwo mugabo yaba yarashatse; umugore uri mu mwanya nk'uwo yitwaga frilla. Nta tandukanyirizo ryakozwe hagati y'abana bavukiye imbere cyangwa hanze y'abashakanye: bombi bari bafite uburenganzira bwo kuzungura umutungo nyuma y'ababyeyi babo, kandi nta bana "bemewe" cyangwa "batemewe". Ubwo bwisanzure bwagiye buhinduka buhoro buhoro nyuma yo gutangira ubukristo, kandi guhera mu kinyejana cya 13, ntibikivugwa. Mu gihe cy’abakirisitu bo hagati, amategeko ya Scandinaviya yo mu gihe cyo hagati yakurikizaga amategeko atandukanye bitewe n’amategeko y’intara yaho, bivuze ko imiterere y’abagore ishobora gutandukana bitewe n’intara yari atuyemo. == Amateka ya none == === Uburayi === ==== Ikinyejana cya 16 na 17 Uburayi ==== Mu kinyejana cya 16 n'icya 17 habaye ibigeragezo byinshi by'abapfumu, bituma abantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi mu Burayi bicwa, muri bo 75-95% ni abagore (bitewe n'ahantu n'ahantu). Iyicwa ahanini ryabereye mu bihugu bivuga Ikidage, kandi mu kinyejana cya 15 ijambo "ubupfumu" ryafatwaga nk'ikintu cy'umugore bitandukanye n'imyaka yashize. Imfashanyigisho zizwi cyane nk'ubupfumu nka Malleus Maleficarum na Summis Desiderantes zerekanaga abarozi nk'abagambanyi ba diabolical basenga Satani kandi ahanini bari abagore. Umuco n'ubuhanzi muri kiriya gihe byagaragazaga abo bapfumu nk'abashukashuka kandi babi, bikarushaho gutera ubwoba amahame mbwirizamuco ahujwe n'amagambo yavuzwe na Kiliziya. Inkomoko y’umugani w’umugore "umurozi" ukomoka ku biremwa by’imigani by’Abaroma bizwi ku izina rya Strix, batekerezaga ko bigaragara kandi bikazimira mu buryo butangaje nijoro. [91] Benshi kandi bizeraga ko ari abagore bahinduwe n'imbaraga zabo ndengakamere. Iyi migani y'Abaroma ubwayo ikekwa ko yakomotse ku Isabato y'Abayahudi yasobanuye abagore badasanzwe ndengakamere bashoboraga kugenda bagataha vuba nijoro. [91] Abanditsi ba Malleus Maleficarum bashimangiye cyane isano iri hagati y’ubupfumu n’abagore batangaza ko bishoboka cyane ko abagore baterwa n '"ikibi". Abanditsi n'abashakashatsi Heinrich Kramer na Jacob Sprengerh bashimangiye iyo myizerere bavuga ko abagore bafite ikizere cyinshi, igitekerezo, ubwenge, intege nke, imibiri idakomeye, ubudahangarwa ndetse na kamere ya kamere byari inenge zishobora guterwa n’imyitwarire mibi n’ubupfumu. Icyo gihe imyizerere nk'iyo irashobora kohereza abategarugori cyangwa abasabirizi mu bigeragezo kugira ngo batange imiti cyangwa imiti y'ibyatsi. Uru ruhererekane rw'imigani yateye imbere amaherezo ruganisha ku bigeragezo by'abapfumu bo mu kinyejana cya 16-17 byasanze ibihumbi by'abagore batwikwa ku giti. Mu 1500, Uburayi bwigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri bw'amategeko. Rimwe ryari amategeko gakondo, yiganjemo mu majyaruguru y’Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza na Scandinaviya, andi akaba itegeko ryanditswe n’Abaroma, ryiganje mu majyepfo y’Ubufaransa, Ubutaliyani, Espanye na Porutugali. [93] Amategeko gakondo yatoneshaga abagabo kuruta abagore. Kurugero, umurage mu ntore zo mu Butaliyani, Ubwongereza, Scandinaviya n'Ubufaransa wahawe umurage mukuru w'abagabo. Mu turere twose, amategeko yahaye kandi abagabo imbaraga zikomeye ku buzima, ku mutungo no ku mibiri y’abagore babo. Ariko, hari ibyo byahinduye kubagore bitandukanye numuco gakondo; nk'urugero, barashobora kuzungura abavandimwe babo badahari, bagakora imyuga imwe n'imwe badafite abagabo babo, kandi abapfakazi bashoboraga kubona dower. Mu turere tugengwa n’amategeko yanditse y’Abaroma, abagore bagenzurwaga n’abagabo mu bijyanye n’umutungo n’amategeko, ba se bagenzura abakobwa, abagabo bagenzura abagore na ba nyirarume cyangwa bene wabo b'igitsina gabo bagenzura abapfakazi. Mu Burayi hose, ubuzimagatozi bw'abagore bushingiye ku mibereho yabo mu gihe gushyingirwa ubwabyo ari byo byagize uruhare runini mu kugabanya ubwigenge bw'abagore. Imigenzo, amategeko n'imikorere ntabwo byagabanije uburenganzira n'ubwisanzure bw'umugore gusa ahubwo byabujije abagore b'abaseribateri cyangwa abapfakazi gukora imirimo ya Leta bavuga ko umunsi umwe bashobora kurongora. Dukurikije amategeko rusange y’icyongereza, yateye imbere kuva mu kinyejana cya 12 gukomeza, umutungo wose umugore yari afite mu gihe cyo gushyingirwa wamutunze umugabo. Amaherezo, inkiko zo mu Bwongereza zabujije umugabo kwimura umutungo atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya n’umugore we, ariko akomeza kugira uburenganzira bwo kuwucunga no kwakira amafaranga yatangaga. Abagore bubatse b'Abafaransa bababajwe n'uburenganzira bwabo bwakuweho mu 1965. Mu kinyejana cya 16, Ivugurura mu Burayi ryemereye abagore benshi kongera amajwi, barimo abanditsi b'Abongereza Jane Anger, Aemilia Lanyer, n'umuhanuzikazi Anna Trapnell. Abongereza n'Abanyamerika Quakers bemezaga ko abagabo n'abagore bangana. Abagore benshi ba Quaker bari ababwiriza. Nubwo umudendezo mwinshi ugereranije n’abagore b’Abongereza n'Abasajya, kugeza mu kinyejana cya 19 rwagati, abanditsi batekerezaga ko gahunda y'abakurambere ari gahunda karemano yahozeho. Iyi myumvire ntiyigeze ihangayikishwa cyane kugeza mu kinyejana cya 18 igihe abamisiyonari b'Abayezuwiti basangaga matrilineality mu baturage kavukire bo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru. Umufilozofe John Locke yarwanyije ubusumbane bw'abashakanye no gufata nabi abagore muri iki gihe. Yari azwi cyane mu guharanira uburinganire bw'abashakanye mu gitsina mu kazi ke mu kinyejana cya 17. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru cyo muri Amerika cyita ku mibereho n’ibibazo by’ubumuntu kibitangaza, uko abagore bameze mu gihe cya Locke byari amagambo: [98] Abagore b'Abongereza bari bafite impamvu nke zo gutandukana kurusha abagabo kugeza 1923 [98] Abagabo bagenzuraga imitungo myinshi y’abagore babo kugeza igihe itegeko ry’umutungo w’abagore bubatse 1870 hamwe n’itegeko ry’umutungo w’abagore 1882 [98] ==== Abana bari umutungo w'umugabo [98] ==== ==== Gufatwa ku ngufu ntibyashobokaga mu bashakanye [98] ==== Abagore ntibari bafite ibintu by'ingenzi biranga ubuzimagatozi, kubera ko umugabo yafatwaga nk'uhagarariye umuryango (bityo bikuraho uburenganzira bwo gutora kw'abagore). Ibi bintu byemewe n'amategeko byo gushyingirwa byerekana ko igitekerezo cyo gushyingiranwa hagati y’abantu bangana cyasaga nkaho bidashoboka kuri Victorians. . Abandi bafilozofe nabo bagize icyo bavuga ku burenganzira bw'umugore muri iki gihe. Kurugero, Thomas Paine yanditse mu Ibaruwa Rimwe na rimwe yerekeye Igitsina Cy’Abagore 1775 aho avuga (nka cote): [99] "Nidukora ubushakashatsi ku myaka no mu bihugu, tuzasanga abagore, hafi ya bose badasanzwe ... basengwa kandi bakandamizwa ... ni ... bambuwe umudendezo wo kwihitiramo amategeko ... Nyamara, I, Mbabajwe no kuvuga, ni abagore benshi ku isi yose. Umugabo kuri bo, yabaye umugabo utumva cyangwa umukandamiza. "[99] Umuryango wa kibyeyi urashobora kubona uburenganzira bwo guha uburenganzira bw'umugore inshingano z'umugabo, urugero nko mu mategeko rusange y’icyongereza abagabo bagombaga kubungabunga abagore babo. Iyi nshingano yavanyweho mu 2010. [100] [101] === Ikinyejana cya 18 na 19 Uburayi === Abagore batatu bicaye kumeza ntoya, umwe adoda, umwe anywa igikombe cyicyayi. Byose uko ari bitatu byashushanijwe kugirango bisa nkaho biteye ubwoba. Umugore wa gatatu asa nkaho afite imitwe ibiri, ariko birashoboka ko hari abagore bane. Imitwe y'abagore ntabwo isa nkaho yorohewe kumubiri. Amabara ni umutuku wijimye, umukara, umukara, na almond. Debutante (1807) na Henry Fuseli; Umugore wahohotewe n’amasezerano mbonezamubano y’abagabo, aboshye ku rukuta, akozwe mu kudoda no kurindwa na ba guverineri. Ifoto iragaragaza ibitekerezo bya Mary Wollstonecraft mu Kwemeza Uburenganzira bw'Umugore, byanditswe mu 1792. [102] Guhera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, no mu kinyejana cya 19, uburenganzira, nk'igitekerezo n'ibisabwa, bwongereye agaciro mu bya politiki, imibereho, na filozofiya mu Burayi. Hagaragaye imyigaragambyo isaba ubwisanzure mu idini, kuvanaho ubucakara, uburenganzira ku bagore, uburenganzira ku badafite imitungo, no gutora ku isi hose. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18 ikibazo cy’uburenganzira bw’umugore cyabaye ishingiro ry’impaka za politiki haba mu Bufaransa no mu Bwongereza. Muri icyo gihe, bamwe mu batekerezaga bakomeye mu kumurikirwa, barwanaga amahame ya demokarasi y’uburinganire kandi bakamagana imyumvire ivuga ko bake bafite amahirwe bagomba gutegeka umubare munini w’abaturage, bemeza ko aya mahame agomba gukurikizwa gusa ku gitsina cyabo no ku bwabo. ubwoko. Urugero, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya Jean-Jacques Rousseau, yatekereje ko ari gahunda ya kamere ku bagore kumvira abagabo. Yanditse ati: "Abagore bakora nabi binubira ubusumbane bw'amategeko yashyizweho n'abantu" kandi avuga ko "iyo agerageje kwambura uburenganzira bwacu, aba ari hasi yacu". Mu 1754, Dorothea Erxleben abaye umudamu wa mbere w’umudage wakiriye M.D (Kaminuza ya Halle) [105] Mary Wollstonecraft by John Opie (nko mu 1797) Minna Canth (1844–1897), umwanditsi wo muri Finilande akaba n'umurwanashyaka uharanira imibereho myiza y'abaturage, yari umwe mu bagore b’abanyarwandakazi bakomeye kandi baharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore. [106] [107] [108] [109] [110] Urupapuro rwa mbere rwitangazo ryuburenganzira bwumugore nubwenegihugu bwumugore Mu 1791, umwanditsi w'amakinamico akaba n'umurwanashyaka wa politiki Olympe de Gouges yasohoye Itangazo ry'uburenganzira bw'umugore n'ubw'umugore, [111] ryerekanwe ku Itangazo Uburenganzira bwa Muntu n’Umuturage wo mu 1789. Iri tangazo rirasekeje mu gushyiraho kandi rigaragaza kunanirwa kwa Revolution y'Abafaransa, yari yarahaye uburinganire. Ivuga ko: "Iyi mpinduramatwara izatangira gukurikizwa ari uko abagore bose bamenye neza ubuzima bwabo bubi, n'uburenganzira batakaje muri sosiyete". Itangazo ry’uburenganzira bw’umugore n’umuturage w’umugore rikurikiza ingingo cumi nindwi z’itangazo ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwenegihugu ku ngingo kandi Camille Naish yavuze ko "hafi ya parody ... y’inyandiko y'umwimerere" . Ingingo ya mbere y’itangazo ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwenegihugu itangaza ko "Abagabo bavutse kandi bakomeza kuba abidegemvya kandi bangana mu burenganzira. Itandukaniro ry’imibereho rishobora gushingira gusa ku nyungu rusange." Ingingo ya mbere y’itangazo ry’uburenganzira bw’umugore n’umuturage w’umugore yarashubije iti: "Umugore yavutse afite umudendezo kandi akomeza kuba umwe n’umugabo mu burenganzira. Itandukaniro ry’imibereho rishobora gushingira gusa ku nyungu rusange". De Gouges yaguye ingingo ya gatandatu y’itangazo ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwenegihugu, ryatangaje uburenganzira bw’abaturage kugira uruhare mu ishyirwaho ry’amategeko, kugeza: Uburenganzira bw'umugore wo muri Ositaraliya bwamuritswe muri iyi karato ya 1887 ya Melbourne Punch: Umunyamurwango ukabije yanga ko umwana we yita ku Perezida w’Inteko. Abanyagihugu bose harimwo n'abakenyezi bemererwa kimwe abanyacyubahiro bose, ibiro hamwe nakazi kabo, bakurikije ubushobozi bwabo, kandi nta rindi tandukaniro uretse imico yabo nubuhanga. De Gouges ashimangira kandi ko mu mategeko y’Ubufaransa abagore bahanwe burundu, ariko bakamburwa uburenganzira bungana. Nyuma yaje koherezwa muri guillotine. Mary Wollstonecraft, umwanditsi akaba n'umuhanga mu bya filozofiya wo mu Bwongereza, yasohoye igitabo cyitwa A Vindication of Rights of Women mu 1792, avuga ko uburere n'uburere bw'abagore ari byo byateje ibyifuzo bike. [113] Wollstonecraft yibasiye ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, isaba amahirwe angana yo kwiga, maze isaba "ubutabera!" n "" uburenganzira ku bantu "kuri bose. Wollstonecraft, hamwe n’igihe cye cyo mu Bwongereza Damaris Cudworth na Catharine Macaulay, batangiye gukoresha imvugo y’uburenganzira ku bijyanye n’abagore, bavuga ko abagore bagomba kugira amahirwe menshi kuko kimwe n’abagabo, bari abantu bafite imico myiza kandi bashyira mu gaciro. [116] Mary Robinson yanditse mu buryo nk'ubwo muri "Ibaruwa yandikiwe Abagore b'Abongereza, ku karengane ko kuganduka mu mutwe.", 1799. Ikarito ya Punch kuva mu 1867 isebya John Stuart Mill kugerageza gusimbuza ijambo 'umugabo' n <nowiki>''</nowiki> umuntu ', ni ukuvuga guha abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora. Inyandiko: Urusyo rwumvikana: Cyangwa, Franchise kubagore. "Senga usobanure inzira, ngaho, kuri aba - a - abantu." [117] Mu nyandiko ye 1869 yise "Kuganduka kw'Abagore" umuhanga mu bya filozofiya w'umwongereza akaba n'umuhanga mu bya politiki mu bya politiki, John Stuart Mill, yasobanuye uko abagore bo mu Bwongereza bameze: Turakomeza kubwirwa ko umuco nubukristo byagaruye umugore uburenganzira bwe buboneye. Hagati aho, umugore ni umugaragu nyawe wumugabo we; ntabwo ari munsi, nkuko inshingano zemewe zigenda, kuruta imbata bakunze kwita. Hanyuma, umwe mu bagize inteko ishinga amategeko, Mill yavuze ko abagore bakwiriye uburenganzira bwo gutora, nubwo icyifuzo cye cyo gusimbuza ijambo "umugabo" n "" umuntu "mu mushinga w’itegeko rya kabiri ry’ivugurura ryo mu 1867 cyakiriwe neza mu nteko ishinga amategeko umutwe w'abadepite kandi batsinzwe na 76 kugeza ku majwi 196. Igitekerezo cye nticyashyigikiwe cyane n’iki gihe [117] ariko kuba yagerageje guhindura umushinga w’ivugurura byatumye abantu bashishikazwa cyane n’ikibazo cy’amatora y’abagore mu Bwongereza. Ku ikubitiro, imwe gusa mu bukangurambaga bw’uburenganzira bw’umugore, gutora byabaye intandaro y’imyigaragambyo y’abagore mu Bwongereza mu ntangiriro yikinyejana cya 20. [119] Muri icyo gihe, ubushobozi bwo gutora bwagarukiraga kuri ba nyir'umutungo ukize mu nkiko z'Ubwongereza. Iyi gahunda yakuyemo ku buryo butaziguye abagore kuko amategeko agenga umutungo n’amategeko y’ubukwe yahaye abagabo uburenganzira bwo gushyingirwa cyangwa kuzungura kugeza mu kinyejana cya 19. Nubwo gutora kw'abagabo kwagutse mu kinyejana, abagore babujijwe gutora mu gihugu ndetse no mu karere mu myaka ya za 1830 n'Itegeko rivugurura 1832 n'Itegeko rigenga amasosiyete 1835. [120] Millicent Fawcett na Emmeline Pankhurst bayoboye ubukangurambaga rusange ku matora y'abagore maze mu 1918 hatorwa umushinga w'itegeko ryemerera abagore barengeje imyaka 30 gutora. Mu myaka ya 1860, politiki y’imibonano mpuzabitsina y’ubukungu bw’abagore bo mu cyiciro cyo hagati mu Bwongereza ndetse n’ibihugu bituranye n’ibihugu by’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba byayobowe n’ibintu nk’ihindagurika ry’umuco w’abaguzi wo mu kinyejana cya 19, harimo no kuvuka kw’ibiro by’ishami, no mu bice bitandukanye. Muri Ngwino Kugura, Ngwino Kugura: Guhaha n'umuco wo Kurya mu Kwandika kw'Abagore ba Victorian, Isesengura ry'ubuvanganzo bwa Krista Lysack ryerekeye ubuvanganzo bwo mu kinyejana cya 19 rivuga ko umutungo we ugaragaza amahame rusange y'iki gihe, "uburinganire bw'umugore wa Victorian bwaranzwe no kwiyanga no kugenga ubushake bwo kurya. "[121] Mugihe abagore, cyane cyane abo muri rubanda rugufi, rwabonye uburyo buciriritse bwo gukoresha amafaranga yo murugo buri munsi kandi rufite ubushobozi bwo kuva munzu, kwitabira ibirori mbonezamubano, no kugura ibintu byumuntu nu rugo mububiko butandukanye bw’amashami yateye imbere mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 Uburayi, ikirere cy’ubukungu n’ubukungu cy’i Burayi cyari gikwirakwije ingengabitekerezo y’abagore. ntibari bagenzuye byimazeyo ibyifuzo byabo byo gukoresha (ukeka) umushahara wumugabo cyangwa se. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amatangazo menshi yamamaza ibicuruzwa 'byigitsina gore' byerekanaga iterambere ryiterambere ryimibereho, exoticism ziva muburasirazuba, kandi byongerera imbaraga inshingano zurugo abagore babonaga ko bafite inshingano nko gukora isuku, kurera abana, no guteka. [121] === Uburusiya === Mu mategeko n'imigenzo, Uburusiya bw'Abascovite bwari umuryango w'abakurambere wategekaga abagore ku bagabo, naho abato bakayobora bakuru babo. Petero Mukuru yoroheje umuco wa kabiri, ariko ntabwo yayobokaga abagore. Iteka ryo mu 1722 ryabuzaga mu buryo bweruye gushyingirwa ku gahato risaba abakwe n’abakwe kubyemera, mu gihe uruhushya rw’ababyeyi rwakomeje kuba icyifuzo. Ariko ku ngoma ya Petero, umugabo wenyine ni we washoboraga gukuraho umugore we amushyira mu kigo cy'ababikira. Ku bijyanye n'amategeko, hari amahame abiri ku bagore. Abagore basambana bakatiwe imirimo y'agahato, mu gihe abagabo bishe abagore babo bakubiswe gusa. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Petero Mukuru, amategeko n'imigenzo bijyanye n'ububasha bw'abagabo ku bagore babo byariyongereye. Mu 1782, amategeko mbonezamubano yashimangiye inshingano z'umugore zo kumvira abagabo babo. Kugeza mu 1832, Digest of laws yahinduye iyi nshingano "kumvira kutagira imipaka". Mu kinyejana cya 18, itorero rya orotodogisi mu Burusiya ryarushijeho kubona ububasha bwo gushyingirwa kandi ribuza abapadiri gutanga ubutane, ndetse no ku bagore bahohotewe bikabije. Kugeza mu 1818, sena y'Uburusiya nayo yari yarabujije gutandukana kw'abashakanye. Mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, kwita ku bana byarushagaho kugora abagore, benshi muri bo bakaba batashoboraga kwibeshaho, kandi abagabo babo bakaba barapfuye cyangwa barwanaga mu ntambara. Abagore benshi bagombaga guha abana babo ingo zabana bazwiho guhohoterwa no kutitabwaho. Amazu y'abana yiswe "uruganda rw'abamarayika". Nyuma ya Revolution yo mu Kwakira, Bolsheviks yahagaritse uruganda rukora abamarayika ruzwi ku izina rya 'Nikolaev Institute' ruherereye hafi y'umuyoboro wa Moika. Bolsheviks yahise isimbuza ikigo cya Nikolaev n’inzu y’ababyeyi igezweho yitwa 'Ingoro y’ababyeyi n’abana'. Uru rugo rwababyeyi rwakoreshejwe na Bolsheviks nk'icyitegererezo cy'ibitaro byababyeyi. Umubare w’umuyobozi wayoboraga Ikigo cya kera yimuriwe ku ruhande, ariko akwirakwiza ibihuha bivuga ko Bolsheviks yakuyeho amashusho yera, kandi ko abaforomo basambanye n’abasare. Ibitaro by’ababyeyi byatwitswe mbere y’amasaha mbere yuko biteganijwe gufungura, kandi uwo mukecuru yakekwagaho kuba nyirabayazana. Abagore b'Abarusiya bari bafite inzitizi zo gutunga umutungo kugeza mu kinyejana cya 18 rwagati. Uburenganzira bw'umugore bwariyongereye nyuma y’uko Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zimaze kwiyongera ku butegetsi bwa Bolsheviks. Ku butegetsi bwa Bolsheviks, Uburusiya bwabaye igihugu cya mbere mu mateka y’umuntu cyakuyemo inda ku buntu ku bagore bari mu bitaro bya Leta. === Amerika y'Amajyaruguru === [[Dosiye:Calgary Montage 2020.2.jpg|thumb|Umujyi Wa Calgary]] ==== Kanada ==== Igishusho mu mujyi wa Calgary wa Byamamare bitanu. Igishusho gisa nacyo kibaho kumusozi winteko, Ottawa. Guharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore muri Kanada mu kinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 byibanze ku kongera uruhare rw'umugore mu mibereho rusange, hagamijwe intego zirimo gutora kw'abagore, kongera uburenganzira ku mutungo, kongera amashuri, no kwemeza ko abagore ari "abantu" nk'uko amategeko abiteganya. ] Icyamamare Batanu bari Abanyakanada batanu - Emily Murphy, Irene Marryat Parlby, Nellie Mooney McClung, Louise Crummy McKinney na Henrietta Muir Edwards - mu 1927, basabye Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Kanada gusubiza ikibazo, "Ese ijambo 'Abantu'? mu gika cya 24 cy'itegeko ryo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru y'Ubwongereza, 1867, harimo n'abagore? " mu rubanza Edwards aburana na Kanada (Umushinjacyaha mukuru). [127] Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Kanada rumaze kuvuga mu ncamake umwanzuro wafashwe ku mwanzuro w'uko abagore atari "abantu", urwo rubanza rwajuririwe kandi ruseswa mu 1929 na komite ishinzwe ubutabera mu Bwongereza y'Inama ishinzwe Imperial Privy, icyo gihe urukiko rwanyuma rwa Kanada mu Bwami bw'Ubwongereza na Commonwealth. [128] Leta zunz'ubumwe Andi makuru: Igihe cyuburenganzira bwumugore muri Amerika (usibye gutora) Ihuriro ry’abagore b’abakirisitu (WCTU) ryashinzwe mu 1873 kandi riharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore, harimo no guharanira indaya no gutora abagore. [129] Ku buyobozi bwa Frances Willard, "WCTU yabaye umuryango munini w’abagore bo mu gihe cyayo none ubu niwo muryango w’abagore bakera cyane muri Amerika." [130] === Aziya === ==== Aziya y'Uburasirazuba ==== ===== Ubuyapani ===== Umubyeyi n'umwana, 1872 Urugero abagore bashobora kugira uruhare muri societe yUbuyapani rwagiye rutandukana mugihe cyamasomo. Mu kinyejana cya 8, Ubuyapani bwari bufite abami b'abagore, no muri 12 ikinyejana cya (Heian period) abagore mu Buyapani bari bafite umwanya wo hejuru ugereranije, nubwo bagitegekwa nabagabo. Kuva mu bihe bya nyuma ya Edo, urwego rw'abagore rwaragabanutse. Mu kinyejana cya 17, "Onna Daigaku", cyangwa "Kwiga ku Bagore", byanditswe n'umwanditsi witwa Kaibara Ekken w’Abanyakanaka, byagaragaje ibyateganijwe ku bagore b’Abayapani, bigabanya cyane urwego rwabo. [131] Mu gihe cya Meiji, inganda n’imijyi byagabanyije ububasha bwa ba se n’abagabo, ariko muri icyo gihe, amategeko mbonezamubano ya Meiji yo mu 1898 yima abagore uburenganzira bw’amategeko kandi abayoboka ku bushake bw’abatware b’urugo. [132] Kuva mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati urwego rw'abagore rwateye imbere cyane. Nubwo Ubuyapani bufatwa nk’igihugu gikumira cyane, mu byukuri byari kare kuruta ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi mu guha abagore uburenganzira bw’amategeko mu kinyejana cya 20, kubera ko Itegeko Nshinga ry’Ubuyapani ryo mu 1947 ryatangaga urwego rw’amategeko rushimishije mu guteza imbere uburinganire bw’umugore mu Buyapani. Urugero, Ubuyapani bwashyizeho itora ry’abagore mu 1946, mbere y’ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi nk’Ubusuwisi (1971 ku rwego rwa federasiyo; 1990 ku bibazo byaho muri kanton ya Appenzell Innerrhoden), Porutugali (1976 ku buryo bungana n’abagabo, bibujijwe kuva 1931), San Marino mu 1959, Monaco mu 1962, Andorra mu 1970, na Liechtenstein mu 1984. [133] [134] ==== Aziya yo hagati ==== Imico yo muri Aziya yo Hagati ahanini ikomeje kuba abakurambere, ariko, kuva aho Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zaguye, imiryango y'isi yo muri ako karere yarushijeho gutera imbere mu nshingano z’abagore hanze y’imyubakire gakondo yo kugandukira abagabo rwose. Muri Mongoliya, abagore benshi kurusha abagabo barangiza amashuri kandi ni bo binjiza menshi. [136] Gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere ivuga ko "iterambere rikomeye" mu buringanire bw’umugabo muri Qazaqistan ariko ivangura riracyakomeza. Gushyingirwa no gushimutwa bikomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye muri kano karere; umuco wo gushimuta abageni wiganje muri Kirigizisitani, [138] Qazaqistan, [139] Turukimenisitani, [140] na Karakalpakstan, akarere kigenga ka Uzubekisitani. [141] === Oceania === ==== Australiya ==== Umukandida wa mbere w’umugore wa politiki muri Ositaraliya, gutora muri Ositaraliya yepfo Catherine Helen Spence (1825–1910) Amateka y’uburenganzira bw’umugore muri Ositaraliya ni ayavuguruzanya: mu gihe Ositaraliya yayoboye isi mu burenganzira bwo gutora bw’abagore mu kinyejana cya 19, ntiyatinze cyane kumenya uburenganzira bw’umugore ku mwuga - kugeza mu 1966 ni bwo hakuweho akabari k’abashakanye. 142] Ku rundi ruhande, ivugurura ryemerera abagore gutora no guhagararira umwanya muri Ositaraliya y'Amajyepfo mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 ryabaye umusingi w'uburenganzira bwa politiki bw'umugore mu bindi bice by'isi. Ni muri urwo rwego, Ositaraliya itandukanye n’indi mico, kubera ko gutora kw'abagore muri Ositaraliya byari imwe mu ntego za mbere z’umuryango w’abagore bahari (guhera muri Ositaraliya yepfo na Ositaraliya y’Uburengerazuba) bitandukanye n’indi mico, nk’imico y’uburayi bw’iburasirazuba, aho na yo igeze. cyo mu kinyejana cya 20 umutwe w’abagore wibanze ku burenganzira bw’umurimo, kubona imyuga n’uburezi, aho guharanira uburenganzira bwa politiki. Kugeza magingo aya, Ositaraliya ifite umubare muto w’abagore mu nshingano z’ubucuruzi ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu bifite ibigo bisa. [143] ===== Ibyingenzi ===== Uburenganzira ku kazi ku bagore burimo kutavangura abagore ku mirimo no guhembwa kimwe. Uburenganzira bw'umugore n'abagabo bwo guhembwa kimwe n'inyungu zingana ku kazi kangana na leta ya Hong Kong y'Ubwongereza kugeza mu ntangiriro ya za 70. Leslie Wah-Leung Chung (鍾華亮, 1917–2009), Perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’abakozi ba Leta mu Bushinwa muri Hong Kong 香港 政府 華 員 會 [144] (1965–68), yagize uruhare mu ishyirwaho ry’imishahara ingana ku bagabo n’abagore, harimo uburenganzira ku bagore bubatse kuba abakozi bahoraho. Mbere yibi, imiterere yumurimo wumugore yahindutse kuva kumukozi uhoraho aba umukozi wigihe gito amaze gushyingirwa, bityo atakaza amafaranga ya pansiyo. Bamwe muri bo ndetse babuze akazi. Kubera ko abaforomo ahanini bari abagore, uku kuzamura uburenganzira bw’abagore bubatse byasobanuye cyane umwuga w’ubuforomo. [61] [145] [146] [147] [148] [149] Mu bihugu bimwe by’Uburayi, abagore bubatse ntibashoboraga gukora batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya n’abagabo babo kugeza mu myaka mike ishize, urugero nko mu Bufaransa kugeza mu 1965 [151] [152] no muri Espanye kugeza mu 1975. [153] Byongeye kandi, utubari twashyingiranywe, umuco watangiye kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 kugeza mu myaka ya za 70 mu bihugu byinshi, harimo Otirishiya, Ositaraliya, Irilande, Kanada, n'Ubusuwisi, wabuzaga abagore bubatse akazi mu myuga myinshi. [154] [155] Ikibazo cy'ingenzi kigamije kwishingira uburinganire bw'umugabo n'umugore ku kazi ni ukubahiriza uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi n'uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bw'umugore. [156] Ikiruhuko cyo kubyara (n'ikiruhuko cyo kubyara mu bihugu bimwe) n'ikiruhuko cy'ababyeyi ni igihe gito cyo kubura kuva akazi gatangwa ako kanya mbere na nyuma yo kubyara hagamijwe gushyigikira umubyeyi gukira no gutanga igihe cyo kwita ku mwana. [157] Ibihugu bitandukanye bifite amategeko atandukanye yerekeye ikiruhuko cyo kubyara, ikiruhuko cyo kubyara na konji y'ababyeyi. Mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) politiki iratandukanye cyane n’ibihugu, ariko abanyamuryango b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bagomba kubahiriza ibipimo ntarengwa by’amabwiriza y’abakozi batwite n’akazi - Amabwiriza yo Kuringaniza Ubuzima. [158] ===== Uburenganzira bwo gutora ===== ====== Amatora y'abagore ====== Ushinzwe ingamba akaba n'umurwanashyaka Alice Paul yayoboye kandi ayobora igice kinini cya Suffrage muri Amerika muri 1910. Icyicaro gikuru cy’ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu ryarwanyije uburenganzira bw’umugore, Amerika, mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 1919 ibyapa byamatora, abadage baharanira demokarasi. "Frauen! Gleiche Rechte, Gleiche Pflichten" ("Abagore! Uburenganzira bumwe, inshingano zimwe") Mu kinyejana cya 19, abagore bamwe batangiye gusaba, gusaba, hanyuma bahagarika umutima kandi berekana uburenganzira bwo gutora - uburenganzira bwo kugira uruhare muri guverinoma yabo no gushyiraho amategeko. [159] Abandi bagore barwanyije amatora, nka Helen Kendrick Johnson, wavuze mu gatabo k’Umugore na Repubulika mu 1897 ko abagore bashobora kugera ku buringanire mu by'amategeko no mu bukungu badafite amajwi. [160] Ibitekerezo by’itora ry’abagore byateye imbere hamwe n’amatora yo ku isi yose kandi muri iki gihe gutora by’abagore bifatwa nk’uburenganzira (hashingiwe ku Masezerano yerekeye gukuraho ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore). Mu kinyejana cya 19, uburenganzira bwo gutora bwagiye buhoro buhoro mu bihugu byinshi, kandi abagore batangira kwiyamamariza uburenganzira bwabo bwo gutora. Mu 1893 Nouvelle-Zélande ibaye igihugu cya mbere cyahaye abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora ku rwego rw'igihugu. Ositaraliya yahaye abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora mu 1902. [118] Ibihugu bitari bike bya Nordic byahaye abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 - Finlande (1906), Noruveje (1913), Danemarke na Islande (1915). Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose irangiye ibindi bihugu byinshi byakurikiranye - Ubuholandi (1917), Otirishiya, Azerubayijani, [161] Kanada, Cekosolovakiya, Jeworujiya, Polonye na Suwede (1918), Ubudage na Luxembourg (1919), Turukiya (1934) , na Amerika (1920). [162] Abatinze mu Burayi ni Ubugereki mu 1952, Ubusuwisi (1971 ku rwego rwa federasiyo; 1959–1991 ku bibazo byaho ku rwego rwa canton), Porutugali (1976 ku buryo bungana n'abagabo, bibujijwe kuva 1931) ndetse na microstate ya San Marino muri 1959, Monaco mu 1962, Andorra mu 1970, na Liechtenstein mu 1984. [133] [134] Muri Kanada, intara nyinshi zashyizeho itora ry’abagore hagati ya 1917 na 1919, abatinze bakirwa ni ikirwa cya Prince Edward mu 1922, Newfoundland mu 1925 na Quebec mu 1940. [163] Muri Amerika y'Epfo ibihugu bimwe byahaye abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora mu gice cya mbere cy'ikinyejana cya 20 - Ecuador (1929), Burezili (1932), El Salvador (1939), Repubulika ya Dominikani (1942), Guatemala (1956) na Arijantine (1946) ). Mu Buhinde, ku butegetsi bwa gikoloni, gutora ku isi hose mu 1935. Ibindi bihugu byo muri Aziya byahaye abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora hagati mu kinyejana cya 20 - Ubuyapani (1945), Ubushinwa (1947) na Indoneziya (1955). Muri Afurika, muri rusange abagore babonye uburenganzira bwo gutora hamwe n'abagabo binyuze mu gutora isi yose - Liberiya (1947), Uganda (1958) na Nijeriya (1960). Mu bihugu byinshi byo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati gutora ku isi hose nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, nubwo mu bindi bihugu nka Koweti, gutora ari bike cyane. Ku ya 16 Gicurasi 2005, Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Koweti yongereye amajwi ku bagore ku majwi 35-23. ====== Uburenganzira ku mutungo ====== Mu kinyejana cya 19, bamwe mu bagore, nka Ernestine Rose, Paulina Wright Davis, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Harriet Beecher Stowe, muri Amerika n'Ubwongereza batangiye kunenga amategeko ababuza uburenganzira ku mutungo wabo bamaze gushaka. Mu mategeko asanzwe yigisha abagabo bihishe bagenzuye imitungo itimukanwa yabagore babo. Guhera mu myaka ya za 1840, inteko ishinga amategeko za Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [165] n’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza [166] zatangiye gushyiraho amategeko arengera umutungo w’abagore ku bagabo babo ndetse no ku baguriza abagabo babo. Aya mategeko yari azwi nk'ibikorwa by'imitungo y'abagore bubatse. [167] Inkiko zo mu kinyejana cya 19 Amerika nazo zakomeje gusaba ibizamini byihariye ku bagore bubatse bagurishije imitungo yabo. Ikizamini cyiherereye cyari akamenyero aho umugore wubatse wifuzaga kugurisha umutungo we yagombaga gusuzumwa ukundi n’umucamanza cyangwa ubutabera bw’amahoro hanze y’umugabo we bakamubaza niba umugabo we amuhatira gushyira umukono ku nyandiko. [168] Uburenganzira ku mutungo ku bagore bwakomeje kubuzwa mu bihugu byinshi by’Uburayi kugeza ivugurura ry’amategeko ryo mu myaka ya za 1960-70. Urugero, mu Budage bw’Iburengerazuba, itegeko ryerekeye izungura ry’icyaro ryashyigikiraga abaragwa b’abagabo kugeza mu 1963. [169] Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, Umutware hamwe n’amategeko, yatangaga umugabo wenyine kugenzura imitungo y’abashakanye, byari bisanzwe kugeza mu myaka mike ishize. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga, i Kirchberg aburana na Feenstra (1981), rwemeje ko ayo mategeko atubahirijwe. ====== Ubwisanzure bwo kugenda ====== Umugore hamwe ibirenge biboshye, 1870 Banyarwandakazi ba Caubul (Kabul, Afuganisitani) berekana kuzamura purdah mu bice bya zenana - 1848 byanditswe na James Rattray, Icyegeranyo cy’ibiro by’iburasirazuba n’Ubuhinde, Isomero ry’Ubwongereza Ubwisanzure bwo kugenda ni uburenganzira bwingenzi, bwemewe n’ibikoresho mpuzamahanga, harimo ingingo ya 15 (4) ya CEDAW. [170] Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, mu turere twinshi tw'isi, abagore bafite uburenganzira buke cyane, mu mategeko cyangwa mu bikorwa. Urugero, mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe abagore ntibashobora kuva mu rugo badafite umurinzi w’umugabo, [171] cyangwa batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya n’umugabo - urugero amategeko bwite ya Yemeni avuga ko umugore agomba kumvira umugabo we kandi ntagomba kuva mu rugo atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya. [172] Ndetse no mu bihugu bidafite amategeko abuza amategeko, ingendo z’abagore zishobora gukumirwa mu bikorwa n’imibereho n’amadini nka purdah. Amategeko abuza abagore gutembera yabayeho kugeza vuba aha mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe by’iburengerazuba: kugeza mu 1983, muri Ositaraliya gusaba pasiporo y’umugore wubatse byagombaga kwemererwa n’umugabo we. [173] Ibihugu byinshi byo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati na byo bikurikiza gahunda yo kurera abagabo mu bihe bya none, aho abagore basabwa gusaba uruhushya umuryango w’umugabo kubintu byinshi, harimo no kujya mu bindi bihugu. Muri Kanama 2019, Arabiya Sawudite yarangije amategeko yayo yo kurera abagabo, yemerera abagore kugenda bonyine. Imigenzo itandukanye yagiye ikoreshwa mu mateka kugira ngo ibuze ubwisanzure bw’umugore bwo kugenda, nko guhambira ibirenge, umuco wo guhambira cyane ibirenge by’abakobwa b’abashinwa bakiri bato, byari bisanzwe hagati yikinyejana cya 10 na 20. Ubwisanzure bw'abagore bwo kugenda bushobora kubuzwa n'amategeko, ariko birashobora kandi kubuzwa n'imyitwarire y'abagore ahantu rusange. Mu bice bitemewe ko abagore bava mu rugo, abagore bari hanze barashobora guhohoterwa nko gutukwa, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina n’ihohoterwa. Byinshi mu bibuza umudendezo w’abagore kwimuka byashyizweho nkingamba zo "kurinda" abagore. [175] ====== Kumenyesha abagore uburenganzira bwabo bwemewe ====== Kutagira ubumenyi mu by'amategeko mu bagore benshi, cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ni inzitizi ikomeye mu kuzamura imibereho y'abagore. Inzego mpuzamahanga, nk'Umuryango w'Abibumbye, zavuze ko inshingano z’ibihugu zitagizwe gusa no gushyiraho amategeko abigenga, ahubwo no mu kumenyesha abagore ko ayo mategeko abaho, kugira ngo bashobore gushaka ubutabera no kumenya mu bikorwa uburenganzira. Kubwibyo, ibihugu bigomba kumenyekanisha amategeko, no kubisobanurira rubanda neza, kugirango birinde ubujiji, cyangwa imyumvire mibi ikomoka kumigani ikunzwe, kubyerekeye amategeko. Gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere ivuga ko, kugira ngo ubutabera bw’uburinganire bugerweho, "Abagore bagomba kumenya uburenganzira bwabo kandi bagashobora kubona amategeko", [176] n’itangazo ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryo mu 1993 ryerekeye guca burundu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore mu bihugu by’ubuhanzi. 4 (d) [...] "Ibihugu bigomba kandi kumenyesha abagore uburenganzira bwabo mu gushaka kurenganurwa binyuze muri ubwo buryo". [177] === Ivangura === Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore yibanda ku kuvangura abagore. Ni muri urwo rwego, ibisobanuro by'ivangura ubwabyo ni ngombwa. Dukurikije ubucamanza bw'Urukiko rw'u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu, uburenganzira bwo kwishyira ukizana ntibukubiyemo gusa inshingano z’ibihugu byo gufata mu buryo bumwe abantu bahuye n’ibibazo bisa, ariko kandi n’inshingano yo gufata mu bundi buryo abantu bari mu bihe bitandukanye. . [178] Kuri iyi ngingo uburinganire, ntabwo "uburinganire" gusa ari ngombwa. Kubwibyo, leta zigomba rimwe na rimwe gutandukanya abagore n’abagabo - binyuze mu gutanga urugero rw’ikiruhuko cyo kubyara cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kurengera amategeko bukikije gutwita no kubyara (hitabwa ku miterere y’ibinyabuzima y’imyororokere), cyangwa binyuze mu kwemeza amateka yihariye. Kurugero, ibikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi byakozwe nabagabo byibasiye abagore ntibibera mu cyuho, ahubwo biri mubice byimibereho: muri Opuz na Turukiya, ECHR yasobanuye ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore nkuburyo bwo kuvangura abagore; [179] [180] iyi nayo ni umwanya w’amasezerano ya Istanbul aho ku ngingo ya 3 ivuga ko "ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore" ryumvikana nko guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse n’ivangura rikorerwa abagore [...] ". [181] Hariho ibitekerezo bitandukanye byerekana aho bikwiye gutandukanya abagore n’abagabo, kandi igitekerezo kimwe ni uko igikorwa cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina ari igikorwa aho itandukaniro rigomba kwemerwa, haba bitewe n’ingaruka z’umubiri ziyongera ku mugore, [182] kandi bitewe n'amateka yaranze abagore bakorerwa imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato mu gihe bari mu mibereho yabo (cyane cyane mu bashakanye no mu gihe cy'intambara). [183] Ibihugu bigomba kandi gutandukanya ibijyanye n’ubuvuzi byemeza ko ubuzima bw’umugore - cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere nko gutwita no kubyara - butitaweho. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, "Ivangura mu modoka y'ubuzima igenamiterere rifata uburyo bwinshi kandi rikunze kugaragara mugihe umuntu cyangwa itsinda ryangiwe kubona serivisi zita kubuzima zishobora kuboneka kubandi. Irashobora kandi kubaho binyuze mu guhakana serivisi zikenerwa gusa n’amatsinda amwe, nk’abagore. " kugabanya impfu z'ababyeyi birashobora kuba uburyo bwo kuvangura.Mu bijyanye no gufata abagore n'abagabo kimwe ntabwo bikora kuko ibintu bimwe na bimwe biologiya nko mu mihango, gutwita, kubyara, kubyara, no konsa, ndetse n'ubuvuzi bumwe na bumwe, bigira ingaruka ku bagore gusa. Komisiyo ishinzwe guca ivangura rikorerwa abagore iteganya mu cyifuzo rusange cyayo No 35 ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikorerwa abagore, rivugurura icyifuzo rusange No 19 kivuga ko ibihugu bigomba "Gusuzuma amategeko na politiki bitagira aho bibogamiye kugira ngo bidashyiraho cyangwa ngo bikomeze ubusumbane buriho; no gukuraho cyangwa kubahindura niba babikora ". (paragarafu ya 32). imiti yapimwe mubigeragezo byubuvuzi kubagabo gusa ikoreshwa no kubagore bakeka ko nta tandukaniro ryibinyabuzima. ====== Uburenganzira ku buzima ====== Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima risobanura ko "ubuzima bwiza bw’umubiri, bwo mu mutwe ndetse n’imibereho myiza aho kuba gusa nta ndwara cyangwa ubumuga". [189] Ubuzima bwumugore bivuga ubuzima bwumugore, butandukanye nubwa bagabo muburyo bwinshi budasanzwe. Ubuzima bw’umugore burahungabana cyane mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’isi, kubera ibintu nk’ubusumbane, gufunga abagore mu rugo, kutita ku bakozi b’ubuvuzi, kutagira ubwigenge bw’umugore, no kubura amikoro y’abagore. [190] [184] ] Ivangura rikorerwa abagore ribaho no kwanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi zikenerwa n'abagore gusa. Ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira bw'umugore ku buzima rishobora kuviramo urupfu rw'ababyeyi, bikavamo abantu barenga 300.000 buri mwaka, abenshi muri bo bakaba bari mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Bimwe mubikorwa gakondo, nko gutema igitsina gore, nabyo bigira ingaruka kubuzima bwumugore. Kw'isi yose, abakobwa bakiri bato n'abakobwa b'ingimbi ni bo baturage banduye virusi itera SIDA. Hariho kandi amateka y’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore, cyane cyane politiki yo mu kinyejana cya 19 yo gufunga abagore nabi mu buhungiro bw’abasazi, akenshi babisabwe n’abagabo na bene wabo b'abagabo. [194] Umunyamurwango uzwi cyane wo kurwanya iyo mikorere ni Elizabeth Packard, wakozwe nabi mu 1860 n’umugabo we, agatanga ikirego maze agatsinda nyuma, agaragaza ikibazo cy’imihigo idakwiye. [195] Undi muharanira inyungu ni umunyamakuru w’iperereza Nellie Bly, wihishe mu 1887, mu buhungiro bwo mu mujyi wa New York, kugira ngo agaragaze ibintu bibi abarwayi bo mu mutwe bari bafite. ====== Uburenganzira bwo kwiga ====== Uburenganzira bwo kwiga ni uburenganzira rusange ku burezi. [196] Amasezerano arwanya ivangura mu burezi abuza ivangura mu burezi, ivangura rikaba risobanurwa nk "itandukaniro iryo ari ryo ryose, guhezwa, kugarukira cyangwa guhitamo ibyo, bishingiye ku bwoko, ibara, igitsina, ururimi, idini, politiki cyangwa ibindi bitekerezo, inkomoko y'igihugu cyangwa imibereho, uko ubukungu bwifashe cyangwa kuvuka, bifite intego cyangwa ingaruka zo gukuraho cyangwa gutesha agaciro uburinganire bw’ubuvuzi mu burezi ". [197] Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bw’ubukungu, imibereho myiza n’umuco avuga ku ngingo ya 3 ko "Ibihugu bigize aya masezerano byiyemeje guharanira uburenganzira bungana bw’abagabo n’abagore bwo kubona uburenganzira bwose bw’ubukungu, imibereho myiza n’umuco bivugwa muri aya masezerano. ", hamwe n'ingingo ya 13 yemera" uburenganzira bwa buri wese ku burezi ". [198] Kubona uburezi ku bagore bikomeje kuba bike mu bice bimwe na bimwe byisi. Hafi ya bibiri bya gatatu by'abantu bakuru batazi gusoma no kwandika ku isi ni abagore. [199] Nubwo uburenganzira bw’umugore bwo kwiga amashuri bwemewe nk’ingenzi cyane, biramenyekana cyane ko amashuri y’amasomo agomba kongerwaho inyigisho ku burenganzira bwa muntu, kutavangura, imyitwarire n’uburinganire, kugira ngo iterambere ry’imibereho rishoboke. Ibi byagaragajwe na Zeid bin Ra'ad, Komiseri Mukuru w’Umuryango w’abibumbye ushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu muri iki gihe, yashimangiye akamaro ko kwigisha uburenganzira bwa muntu ku bana bose ati: "Ni ikihe cyiza ku bantu kuba Josef Mengele yari afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buvuzi na antropologiya? , urebye ko yari ashoboye gukora ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu? Umunani mu bantu 15 bateguye itsembabwoko ryabereye i Wannsee mu 1942 bafite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya PhD.Bamuritse mu ishuri, nyamara bari bafite ubumara bukabije ku isi. Radovan Karadžić yari umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe watojwe. Pol Pot yize ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki i Paris. Ese iki kibazo, mu gihe nta n'umwe muri bo wagaragaje akantu na gato ko kwitwara neza no gusobanukirwa? " ====== Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere ====== ==== Uburenganzira ==== Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere ni uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure bijyanye n’imyororokere n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere. Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bwemejwe na gahunda y’imyaka makumyabiri y’ibikorwa bya Cairo yemejwe mu 1994 mu nama mpuzamahanga y’abaturage n’iterambere (ICPD) yabereye i Cairo, ndetse n’itangazo rya Beijing hamwe n’urubuga rwa Beijing rwibikorwa mu 1995. Mu myaka ya 1870, abategarugori bateje imbere igitekerezo cyo kuba umubyeyi ku bushake nka kunegura politiki y’ababyeyi batabishaka [202] kandi bagaragaza ko bifuza kubohorwa. [203] Abunganira umubyeyi ku bushake banze kuringaniza imbyaro, bavuga ko abagore bagomba gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina gusa hagamijwe kubyara [204] kandi bagaharanira kwifata buri gihe cyangwa burundu. [205] Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bugaragaza igitekerezo cyagutse, gishobora kuba gikubiyemo uburenganzira bumwe cyangwa bwose bukurikira: uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda byemewe n'amategeko cyangwa umutekano, uburenganzira bwo kugenzura imikorere y’imyororokere y’umuntu, uburenganzira bwo kubona ubuvuzi bw’imyororokere bufite ireme, n'uburenganzira bwo kwiga no kwinjira muri gutegeka guhitamo imyororokere itarimo agahato, ivangura, n’urugomo. Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bushobora nanone kumvikana harimo kwigisha ibijyanye no kuringaniza imbyaro n'indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. [207] [208] [206] [209] Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bukunze gusobanurwa harimo ubwisanzure bwo gutema igitsina gore (FGM), no gukuramo inda ku gahato no kuboneza urubyaro ku gahato. [207] [208] [206] [209] Amasezerano ya Istanbul yemera ubwo burenganzira bubiri mu ngingo ya 38 - Gutema igitsina gore n’ingingo ya 39 - Gukuramo inda ku gahato no kuboneza urubyaro ku gahato. Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bwumvikana nk'uburenganzira bw'abagabo n'abagore, ariko bukunze gutera imbere nk'uburenganzira bw'umugore. [208] Mu myaka ya za 1960, abaharanira uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bateje imbere uburenganzira bw'umugore bwo kwigenga ku mubiri, iyo mibereho iganisha ku kubona uburenganzira bwo kuboneza urubyaro no gukuramo inda mu myaka mirongo iri imbere mu bihugu byinshi. [211] Kuringaniza imbyaro Igifuniko cyo gusubiramo imbyaro yo mu 1919, cyanditswe na Margaret Sanger. Kubijyanye na "Tuzahindura dute amategeko?" Sanger yaranditse ati "... abagore bajuririra ubusa kugira ngo bahabwe amabwiriza yerekeye uburyo bwo kuringaniza imbyaro. Abaganga bafite ubushake bwo gukuramo inda aho bivugwa ko ari ngombwa, ariko banga kuyobora ikoreshwa ry’imiti yatuma gukuramo inda bitari ngombwa ..." Sinshobora kora - amategeko ntabimwemerera. "" [212] Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, kuringaniza imbyaro byatejwe imbere nk'ibindi bisobanuro bigezweho bigarukira ku muryango no kubyara ku bushake. [213] Imvugo "kuringaniza imbyaro" yinjiye mu rurimi rw'icyongereza mu 1914 kandi ikundwa na Margaret Sanger, [213] [214] wakoraga cyane muri Amerika ariko akaba yaramenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu myaka ya za 1930. Umukangurambaga wo kuboneza urubyaro mu Bwongereza Marie Stopes yemeye kuringaniza imbyaro mu Bwongereza mu myaka ya za 1920 abikora mu buryo bwa siyansi. Guhagarara byafashaga uburyo bwo kuringaniza imbyaro bugaragara mu bihugu byakoronijwe n'Ubwongereza. Urwego rwo kuboneza urubyaro rwashyigikiraga uburyo bwo kuringaniza imbyaro kugira ngo imibonano mpuzabitsina yifuzwe nta byifuzo byo gutwita. [205] Mu gushimangira kugenzura, umuryango wo kuringaniza imbyaro wavuze ko abagore bagomba kugenzura imyororokere yabo, igitekerezo gihuza cyane n’insanganyamatsiko y’umugore. Amagambo nka "kugenzura imibiri yacu" yanenze ubwiganze bw'abagabo anasaba ko abagore babohorwa, iryo jambo rikaba ridahari mu kuboneza urubyaro, kugenzura abaturage no kwimuka kwa eugene. [216] Mu myaka ya za 1960 na 1970 umuryango uharanira kuringaniza imbyaro washyigikiye ko amategeko akuramo inda ndetse n’ubukangurambaga bunini bwo kwigisha kuringaniza imbyaro na leta. Mu myaka ya za 1980, imiryango ishinzwe kuringaniza imbyaro no kugenzura abaturage bafatanyaga mu gusaba uburenganzira bwo kuringaniza imbyaro no gukuramo inda, hibandwa cyane ku "guhitamo". Kuringaniza imbyaro byabaye insanganyamatsiko muri politiki yo muri Amerika. Ibibazo by'imyororokere bitangwa nk'urugero rw'ubushobozi bw'umugore bwo gukoresha uburenganzira bwabo. Kuba abantu bemera kuringaniza imbyaro byasabye gutandukanya igitsina no kubyara, bigatuma kuringaniza imbyaro bivugwaho rumwe cyane mu kinyejana cya 20. [217] Kuringaniza imbyaro muri Amerika byahindutse ikibuga cy’amakimbirane hagati y’indangagaciro n’ubudahangarwa, bitera kwibaza ku muryango, ubwisanzure bwite, kwivanga kwa leta, idini muri politiki, imyitwarire y’imibonano mpuzabitsina n’imibereho myiza. [218] Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere, ni ukuvuga uburenganzira bujyanye n'imibonano mpuzabitsina ubuzima bw'imyororokere n'ubuzima bw'imyororokere, [207] byaganiriweho bwa mbere nk'igice cy'uburenganzira bwa muntu mu nama mpuzamahanga y’umuryango w’abibumbye yo mu 1968 y’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Gukuramo inda Kugera kuri serivisi zo gukuramo inda biratandukanye cyane kwisi yose, aho uburenganzira bwuburenganzira bujyanye nibintu bya politiki kandi bikomeye mubihugu byinshi. Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bw'abagore bushobora kumvikana harimo n'uburenganzira bwo kubona byoroshye gukuramo inda kandi byemewe n'amategeko. Amategeko yo gukuramo inda aratandukanye no kubuzwa burundu (Repubulika ya Dominikani, El Salvador, Malta, Nikaragwa, Vatikani) [219] n'ibihugu nka Kanada, aho nta tegeko ribuza. Mu bihugu byinshi aho gukuramo inda byemewe n’amategeko, abagore barashobora kubona serivisi nke zo gukuramo inda. Mu bihugu bimwe, gukuramo inda biremewe gusa kurokora ubuzima bw’umugore utwite, cyangwa niba inda yaturutse ku gufata ku ngufu cyangwa kuryamana. Hariho kandi ibihugu aho amategeko yigenga, ariko mubikorwa biragoye cyane gukuramo inda, kubera ko abaganga benshi banga kujya mu gisirikare. [221] Kuba mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe aho gukuramo inda byemewe n'amategeko mu byukuri biragoye cyane kubona kimwe muri byo ntibivugwaho rumwe; Umuryango w'abibumbye mu cyemezo cyarwo cyo mu 2017 cyo kongera ingufu mu gukumira no guca burundu ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore n’abakobwa: ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo ryasabye ibihugu kwemeza "gukuramo inda ku mutekano aho serivisi nk'izo zemewe n’amategeko y’igihugu". [223] Komisiyo ishinzwe guca ivangura rikorerwa abagore ibona ko icyaha cyo gukuramo inda ari "ihohoterwa ry’ubuzima bw’imyororokere n’imyororokere y’abagore n’uburenganzira" n’uburyo bw’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina; igika cya 18 cy’icyifuzo rusange cyacyo No 35 ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikorerwa abagore, rivugurura icyifuzo rusange No 19 kivuga ko: "Ihohoterwa ry’ubuzima bw’imyororokere n’imyororokere y’abagore n’uburenganzira, nko kuboneza urubyaro ku gahato, gukuramo inda ku gahato, gutwita ku gahato, icyaha cyo gukuramo inda , guhakana cyangwa gutinda gukuramo inda neza no kwita ku gukuramo inda, gukomeza ku gahato ku gahato, guhohotera no gufata nabi abagore n’abakobwa bashaka amakuru y’ubuzima bw’imyororokere n’imyororokere, ibicuruzwa na serivisi, ni uburyo bw’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, bitewe n’ibihe, rishobora kuba ryinshi kwica urubozo, ubugome, ubumuntu cyangwa gutesha agaciro. " abagore, harimo [...] amategeko ahana gukuramo inda ". [185] Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Human Rights Watch kibitangaza ngo "Gukuramo inda ni ikintu cy’amarangamutima kandi gishimisha ibitekerezo byimbitse. Icyakora, kubona uburyo bunoze bwo kubona serivisi zo gukuramo inda ku mutekano ni mbere na mbere uburenganzira bwa muntu. Aho gukuramo inda bifite umutekano kandi byemewe n'amategeko, nta muntu uhatirwa kubikora. imwe. Iyo gukuramo inda bitemewe kandi bidafite umutekano, abagore bahatirwa gutwara inda batifuzaga kugeza igihe cyangwa guhura n’ingaruka zikomeye z’ubuzima ndetse n’urupfu. Abagera kuri 13% bapfa bapfa babyara ku isi hose ni ukubera gukuramo inda ku buryo butemewe - bapfa hagati ya 68.000 na 78.000 buri mwaka. "[224 ] Nk’uko Human Rights Watch ibivuga, "kwanga uburenganzira bw'umugore utwite bwo gufata icyemezo cyigenga ku bijyanye no gukuramo inda bibangamira cyangwa bibangamira uburenganzira bwa muntu butandukanye." [225] gukuramo inda kuruta umugore w'umuzungu. [227] Kiliziya Gatolika n'andi madini menshi ya gikirisitu, cyane cyane ababonaga ko ari uburenganzira bwa gikristo, kandi Abayahudi benshi ba orotodogisi babona ko gukuramo inda atari uburenganzira, ahubwo ko ari bibi kandi ko ari icyaha cyica. [228] Uburusiya nicyo gihugu cya mbere cyemeje gukuramo inda no gutanga ubuvuzi ku buntu mu bitaro bya Leta. Nyuma ya Revolution yo mu Kwakira, ibaba ry<nowiki>'abagore b'ishyaka rya Bolshevik (Zhenotdel) ryemeje Bolsheviks kwemeza gukuramo inda (nk '' ingamba z'agateganyo '). Bolsheviks yemeye gukuramo inda mu Gushyingo 1920. Bwari ubwa mbere mu mateka y'</nowiki>isi abagore batsindira uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda ku buntu mu bitaro bya Leta. ====== Guhohoterwa mugihe cyo kubyara ====== Ingingo nyamukuru: Ihohoterwa mugihe cyo kubyara Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore mu gihe cyo kubyara ni ikibazo giherutse kugaragara ku isi no guhonyora uburenganzira bw’umugore. [229] Ihohoterwa mugihe cyo kubyara ni ukwirengagiza, guhohoterwa kumubiri no kutubaha mugihe cyo kubyara. Ubu buvuzi bufatwa nko guhonyora uburenganzira bw'umugore. Ifite kandi ingaruka zo kubuza abagore gushaka ubuvuzi mbere yo kubyara no gukoresha izindi serivisi zita ku buzima. ====== Gushyingirwa kw'abana ====== Umubare w'abana bavuka ku bagore 1.000 bafite imyaka 15–19, kwisi yose Gushyingirwa kw'abana ni umuco ukwirakwira ku isi hose, kandi akenshi bifitanye isano n'ubukene n'ubusumbane bushingiye ku gitsina. Gushyingirwa kw'abana bibangamira ubuzima bw'imyororokere y'abakobwa bakiri bato, bigatuma ibyago byongera ibibazo byo gutwita cyangwa kubyara. Ingorane nk'izo nizo zitera impfu nyinshi mu bakobwa bo mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. [231] [232] [233] ====== Gutwita ku gahato ====== Gutwita ku gahato ni akamenyero ko guhatira umugore cyangwa umukobwa gusama, akenshi mu rwego rwo gushyingirwa ku gahato, harimo no gushimuta abageni, binyuze ku ngufu (harimo gufata ku ngufu abashakanye, gufata ku ngufu no gufata ku ngufu jenoside) cyangwa muri gahunda ya korora imbata (reba ubworozi bw'abacakara muri Amerika). Nuburyo bwo guhatira imyororokere, byari bisanzwe mumateka, kandi biracyagaragara mubice byisi. Mu kinyejana cya 20, leta yashyingiranywe ku gahato hagamijwe kongera umubare w'abaturage byakorwaga na guverinoma zimwe na zimwe z’igitugu, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Khmer Rouge muri Kamboje, bwahatiraga abantu gushyingirwa babategeka kubyara, kugira ngo bongere abaturage no gukomeza impinduramatwara. [234] Gutwita ku gahato bifitanye isano cyane nigiciro cyumugeni. [235] ==== Umudendezo wo guhohoterwa ==== Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore, hamwe, ibikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi byibasiye cyane cyane abagore. Itangazo ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryerekeye guca burundu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore rigira riti: "ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore ni ikimenyetso cy’imibanire y’uburinganire bw’amateka hagati y’abagabo n’abagore" kandi ngo "ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore ni bumwe mu buryo bukomeye bw’imibereho abagore bahatirwa mu mwanya wabo. ugereranije n'abagabo. " bw'uburenganzira bwa muntu n'ubwoko bw'ivangura rikorerwa abagore kandi bisobanura ibikorwa byose by'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina bivamo, cyangwa bikaba byaviramo ingaruka mbi ku mubiri, ku gitsina, mu mutwe cyangwa mu bukungu cyangwa ku mibabaro ku bagore, harimo n'iterabwoba ry'ibyo bikorwa, agahato cyangwa kwamburwa umudendezo uko bishakiye, byaba mu ruhame cyangwa mu buzima bwite ". [236] Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore rishobora gukorwa n’abantu ku giti cyabo, n'amatsinda, cyangwa na Leta. Irashobora kugaragara mwiherero cyangwa kumugaragaro. Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore rishobora kuba ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ihohoterwa ryo mu mutwe, cyangwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mibereho. Bumwe mu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore rifite umuco gakondo: ubwicanyi bwubahwa, ihohoterwa ry’ubukwe, gutema igitsina gore. Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore rifatwa n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi "ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima rusange no guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu." [237] ==== Amategeko yumuryango ==== Mu mategeko agenga abagabo yiganjemo abagabo, abagore bari bafite uburenganzira buke, niba buhari, bagengwa n’umugabo cyangwa bene wabo b'abagabo. Ibitekerezo byemewe n'amategeko byabayeho mu binyejana byinshi, nko guhisha, imbaraga z'abashakanye, amategeko y'umutware na shebuja, byatumaga abagore bagenzurwa cyane n'abagabo babo. Ibibujijwe mu mategeko yo gushyingirwa byageze no mubuzima rusange, nk'utubari. Imyitozo nkubukwe, igiciro cyumugeni cyangwa serivisi yumugeni byari, kandi n'ubu biracyariho mubice bimwe byisi, byari bisanzwe. Ibihugu bimwe bikomeje gusaba kugeza na nubu kurera abagabo kubagore, badafite abagore badashobora gukoresha uburenganzira bwabaturage. Ibindi bikorwa bibi birimo gushyingirwa nabakobwa bato, akenshi kubagabo bakuze cyane. Muri gahunda nyinshi zemewe n'amategeko, umugabo yari afite imbaraga zuzuye kumuryango; nk'urugero, muri Espagne ya Franco, nubwo uruhare rw'umugore rwasobanuwe nk'uruhare rwo mu rugo rwagombaga kwirinda cyane cyane rubanda kugira ngo rwite ku bana, uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko ku bana bwari ubwa se; kugeza mu 1970 umugabo yashoboraga guha umwana w'umuryango kurera atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya n'umugore we. [238] Kugeza mu 1975, abagore bo muri Espagne bakeneye uruhushya rw'umugabo wabo (byitwa gushyingirwa kwa permiso) mu bikorwa byinshi, birimo akazi, kugenda kure y'urugo, ndetse no gutunga umutungo. Ubusuwisi ni kimwe mu bihugu by’Uburayi byanyuma byashyizeho uburinganire bw’umugabo mu bashakanye: uburenganzira bw’umugore bubatse bwabujijwe cyane kugeza mu 1988, igihe ivugurura ry’amategeko ritanga uburinganire bw’umugabo mu bashakanye, rikuraho ububasha bw’amategeko bw’umugabo, ryatangiye gukurikizwa (iri vugurura ryari ryaremejwe mu 1985 n’abatora muri referendum, batoye gato bashyigikira 54.7% by’abatoye bemeza). [240] [241] [242] [243] Ikindi gice gishishikaje abategarugori ni amategeko y’ubusambanyi, kubera itandukaniro rikabije ry’amategeko n’imibereho hagati y’uburyo ubusambanyi bw’umugore n’umugabo bwafatwaga mu mategeko mpanabyaha ndetse n’amategeko y’umuryango mu mico myinshi, abambere bakaba barahanwe bikomeye, kugeza kuri igihano cyurupfu, no gukandamizwa bikabije nko kwica icyubahiro, mugihe aba nyuma bakunze kwihanganira, ndetse bagashishikarizwa nkikimenyetso cyimibereho yabagabo. Mu Burayi, ibyo byari ukuri cyane cyane mu Burayi bw’Amajyepfo, kandi ubwicanyi bw’icyubahiro nabwo bwari bumenyerewe mu mateka muri kano karere, kandi "habaye ubwicanyi bw 'icyubahiro" mu kwibuka mu bihugu bya Mediterane nko mu Butaliyani n'Ubugereki. "[244] gakondo mumico yubufaransa kubagabo bo murwego rwo hejuru kugira ba nyirabuja, hamwe no kwihanganira ibyaha byifuzo (igifaransa: icyaha passionnel) yakorewe abagore badahemutse yerekana aya mahame, yanashyigikiwe n’amategeko ahana y’Ubufaransa yo mu 1810 (yateganyaga kugirira impuhwe abagabo bishe abagore babo bafashwe basambana, ariko ntibireba abagore bishe abagabo babo mu bihe nk'ibyo, kandi aribyo? bafashe ubusambanyi bw'abagore n'abagabo mu buryo butandukanye, [245] bwakomeje gukurikizwa kugeza 1975). Amahame nkaya yabayeho muri Espagne [246] (ibyaha byo kwifuza kugeza 1963, [247] nubusambanyi - bisobanurwa ukundi kubagore nabagabo - kugeza 1978). Ingendo zigezweho Abaminisitiri ba mbere b’abagore ba Finlande bazanywe mu Nteko ishinga amategeko ya Finilande nyuma gato y’ikinyejana cya 20. [249] Uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo: Hedvig Gebhard (1867–1961), umudepite, na Miina Sillanpää (1866–1952), Minisitiri w’Imibereho Myiza y'Abaturage, [249] [250] mu 1910. Video yo hanze Eleanor Roosevelt na John F. Kennedy (Komisiyo ya Perezida ku miterere y'abagore) - NARA yahinze.jpg amashusho ya videwo Ibyiringiro byabantu hamwe na Eleanor Roosevelt; Bimeze bite ku bagore?, 59:07, 1962. Eleanor Roosevelt, umuyobozi wa komisiyo ya perezida ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’umugore, abaza Perezida John F. Kennedy, umunyamabanga w’umurimo Arthur Goldberg n'abandi, Open Vault yo muri WGBH. [251] Umwanditsi w’umunyamerika n’umunyamerika Zainab Salbi, washinze Women for Women International Mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho uburenganzira bw'umugore bwongeye kuba ikibazo gikomeye mu isi ivuga icyongereza. Mu myaka ya za 1960 uwo mutwe witwaga "feminism" cyangwa "kwibohora kw'abagore." Abagorozi bifuzaga guhembwa kimwe n'abagabo, uburenganzira bungana mu mategeko, n'ubwisanzure bwo kuboneza urubyaro cyangwa kutabyara na gato. Imbaraga zabo zabonetse ibisubizo bivanze. [252] Inama mpuzamahanga y’abagore (ICW) n’umuryango wa mbere w’abagore wakoze ku mipaka y’igihugu hagamijwe guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ku bagore. Muri Werurwe na Mata 1888, abayobozi b'abagore bateraniye i Washington, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hamwe n'abavuga 80 n'intumwa 49 bahagarariye imiryango 53 y'abagore baturutse mu bihugu 9: Kanada, Amerika, Irilande, Ubuhinde, Ubwongereza, Finlande, Danemark, Ubufaransa na Noruveje. Abagore bo mumashyirahamwe yabigize umwuga, ihuriro ryabakozi, amatsinda yubuhanzi hamwe na societe nziza. Inama z'igihugu zifatanije na ICW bityo zikumva ubwabo ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Mu 1904, ICW yahuriye i Berlin mu Budage. [253] ICW yakoranye n’umuryango w’ibihugu mu myaka ya za 1920 ndetse n’umuryango w’abibumbye nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Uyu munsi, ICW ifite Inama Ngishwanama n’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’umuryango w’abibumbye, icyemezo cy’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta gishobora kugera ku Muryango w’abibumbye. Kugeza ubu, igizwe n'ibihugu 70 kandi ifite icyicaro i Lasaunne, mu Busuwisi. Inama mpuzamahanga zikorwa buri myaka itatu. Mu Bwongereza, igitekerezo rusange cy’abantu benshi bashyigikira uburinganire bw’amategeko cyariyongereye cyane, bitewe n’akazi gakomeye k’abagore mu nshingano z’abagabo gakondo mu ntambara zombi z’isi. Mu myaka ya za 1960, hashyizweho gahunda yo gushyiraho amategeko, hashingiwe kuri raporo ya komite yatoranijwe ya Depite Willie Hamilton, umushahara we ungana ku mushinga w'akazi ungana, [254] hashyirwaho akanama gashinzwe ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, umushinga wa Lady Sear umushinga w'itegeko rirwanya ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, guverinoma Green Impapuro zo mu 1973, kugeza mu 1975 igihe itegeko rya mbere ry’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina ry’Abongereza, itegeko rihembwa kimwe, na komisiyo ishinzwe amahirwe angana. [255] [256] Abifashijwemo na guverinoma y'Ubwongereza, ibindi bihugu bya EEC ntibyatinze gukurikiza amasezerano yo kwemeza ko amategeko y'ivangura azavaho mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w'Uburayi. Muri Amerika, Umuryango w’igihugu w’abagore (NONAHA) washinzwe mu 1966 hagamijwe kuzana uburinganire bw’abagore bose. NONAHA yari itsinda rimwe ryingenzi ryarwaniye kuvugurura uburenganzira bungana (ERA). Iri vugurura ryavuze ko "uburinganire bw’uburenganzira buteganywa n’amategeko butagomba guhakana cyangwa gukurwaho na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika cyangwa igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose bitewe n’imibonano mpuzabitsina." Abaterankunga bemezaga ko bizafasha abagore gufatwa kimwe. Ariko abanenga batinyaga ko bishobora kwambura abagore uburenganzira bwo guterwa inkunga n’amafaranga n’abagabo babo. Iri vugurura ryapfuye mu 1982 kubera ko ibihugu bidahagije byari byemeje. ERAs zashyizwe muri Kongere yakurikiyeho, ariko zirananirwa kwemezwa. Women for Women International (WfWI) n’umuryango udaharanira inyungu utanga ubufasha bufatika n’imyitwarire ku bagore barokotse intambara. WfWI ifasha abategarugori kongera kubaka ubuzima bwabo nyuma y’intambara nyuma y’intambara binyuze muri gahunda y’umwaka itangirana n’imfashanyo itaziguye n’ubujyanama bw’amarangamutima kandi ikubiyemo ubumenyi bw’ubuzima (urugero, gusoma, kubara) niba bibaye ngombwa, kwigisha ubumenyi bw’uburenganzira, uburezi bw’ubuzima, ubumenyi bw’akazi amahugurwa no guteza imbere ubucuruzi buciriritse. Uyu muryango washinzwe mu 1993 na Zainab Salbi, Umunyamerika wo muri Iraki na we ubwe warokotse Intambara ya Irani na Iraki ndetse n'umugabo wa Salbi wahoze ari Amjad Atallah. Kuva ku ya 20 Kamena 12, WfWI iyobowe na Afshan Khan, wahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru muri UNICEF wabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa mbere wa WfWI kuva uwashinze Zainab Salbi yeguye ku mirimo ye kugira ngo amara igihe kinini mu kwandika no gutanga ibiganiro. [259] Inama y’igihugu y’abagore bo muri Kanada (Conseil national des femmes du Canada), ni umuryango uharanira inyungu z’Abanyakanada ufite icyicaro i Ottawa ugamije kuzamura imibereho y’abagore, imiryango, n’abaturage. Ihuriro ry’imiryango itegamiye kuri leta y’abagabo n’abagore n’inama z’ibanze n’intara z’abagore, ni Umunyakanada mu Nama Mpuzamahanga y’Abagore (ICW). Iyi nama yitaye ku nzego zirimo gutora kw'abagore, abinjira n'abasohoka, ubuvuzi, uburezi, itangazamakuru, ibidukikije, n'ibindi byinshi. [260] Ryashinzwe ku ya 27 Ukwakira 1857 i Toronto, muri Ontario, ni rimwe mu mashyirahamwe aharanira inyungu za kera mu gihugu. Uharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore wo muri Arabiya Sawudite, Loujain al-Hathloul yatawe muri yombi muri Gicurasi 2018, hamwe n'abandi 10 baharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore muri Arabiya Sawudite. Ishyirahamwe rirengera no kurengera uburenganzira bw’umugore muri Arabiya Sawudite ni umuryango utegamiye kuri leta wa Arabiya Sawudite washinzwe gutanga uburenganzira ku burenganzira bw’umugore. Yashinzwe na Wajeha al-Huwaider na Fawzia Al-Uyyouni, ikura mu rugendo rwo mu 2007 kugira ngo ibone abagore uburenganzira bwo gutwara. Iri shyirahamwe ntabwo ryemewe na guverinoma ya Arabiya Sawudite, kandi ryasabwe kudatera imyigaragambyo. [262] Mu kiganiro 2007, al-Huwaider yasobanuye intego: "Ishyirahamwe rizaba rigizwe na shampiyona nyinshi, buri shyirahamwe rikurikirana ikibazo cyangwa uburenganzira butandukanye ... guhagararira abagore mu nkiko za shariya; gushyiraho imyaka [ntarengwa] ku bashakanye b'abakobwa; kwemerera abagore kwita ku bibazo byabo bwite mu bigo bya Leta no kubemerera kwinjira mu nyubako za leta; kurinda abagore ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, nk'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa mu magambo, cyangwa kumubuza kwiga, akazi, cyangwa gushyingirwa, cyangwa kumuhatira gutandukana ... "[263] Muri Ukraine, FEMEN yashinzwe mu 2008. FEMEN ifite amatsinda yimpuhwe mubihugu byinshi byu Burayi binyuze ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Umuryango w’abibumbye n’inama z’isi Mu 1946, Umuryango w’abibumbye washyizeho komisiyo ishinzwe imiterere y’abagore. [264] [265] Ubusanzwe nk'igice kijyanye n'imiterere y'abagore, ishami ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu, ishami rishinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage, ubu rikaba rigizwe n'inama y'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage (ECOSOC). Kuva mu 1975, Loni yagiye ikora inama zitandukanye ku isi ku bibazo by’umugore, guhera ku nama mpuzamahanga y’umwaka mpuzamahanga w’abagore mu mujyi wa Mexico. Izi nama zashyizeho ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’uburenganzira bw’umugore, ariko kandi ryerekana amacakubiri hagati y’abagore b’imico itandukanye n’ingorane zo kugerageza gukurikiza amahame ku isi hose. [266] Hakozwe Inama enye ku Isi, iyambere mu mujyi wa Mexico (Umwaka mpuzamahanga w’abagore, 1975), iya kabiri i Copenhagen (1980) n'iya gatatu i Nairobi (1985). Mu nama ya kane y’isi ku bagore i Beijing (1995), hashyizweho umukono ku ihuriro ry’ibikorwa. Harimo kwiyemeza kugera ku "buringanire no guha ubushobozi abagore". [267] [268] Imihigo imwe yongeye gushimangirwa n’ibihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’abibumbye mu nama y’ikinyagihumbi mu 2000 kandi byagaragaye mu ntego z'ikinyagihumbi zizagerwaho muri 2015. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Umuryango w’abibumbye washinzwe binyuze mu guhuza Ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere abagore, Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi n’amahugurwa kigamije guteza imbere abagore, ibiro by’umujyanama wihariye cyangwa ibibazo by’uburinganire biteza imbere abagore n’ikigega cy’umuryango w’abibumbye gishinzwe iterambere. Abagore ku cyemezo cy'Inteko rusange 63/311. ==== Uburenganzira mpuzamahanga bw'umugore ==== Ugereranije n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore w’iburengerazuba, uburenganzira bw’umugore mpuzamahanga bwugarijwe n’ibibazo bitandukanye. Nubwo byitwa uburenganzira mpuzamahanga bwabagore, birashobora kandi kwitwa feminism yisi ya gatatu. Uburenganzira mpuzamahanga bw’umugore bukemura ibibazo nko gushyingirwa, uburetwa bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina, gushyingirwa ku gahato, no gutema igitsina gore. Nk’uko uyu muryango ukomeza ubivuga, EQUAL MEANS EQUAL, "Umuryango w’abibumbye uza mu mibare iteye ubwoba: Abahohotewe n’igitsina gore - umuhango wo gukuraho igituba cy’umukobwa ukiri muto kugira ngo ube umwizerwa - ni miliyoni 130. Abakobwa bagera kuri miliyoni 60 bahinduka 'abageni b’abana,' guhatirwa gushaka, rimwe na rimwe nyuma yo gushimutwa no gufatwa ku ngufu ". [269] Ikintu, cyashyizweho kugirango kirwanye ibintu nkibi ni Amasezerano yerekeye guca burundu ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore. Yashyizweho kugira ngo ifashe kurwanya ivangura mu burezi, mu bashakanye, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, na politiki. Nubwo ibi bitareba ibihugu bitari iburengerazuba gusa, leta 193 zarabyemeje. Bimwe mu bihugu byayirwanyije birimo Irani, Palau, Somaliya, Sudani y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo, Tonga, na Amerika. === Banki y'Isi === Raporo ya 2019 kuva Banki y'Isi yasanze abagore bafite uburenganzira busesuye ku bagabo mu bihugu bitandatu gusa: Ububiligi, Danemarke, Ubufaransa, Lativiya, Luxembourg na Suwede. === Uburenganzira bwa muntu === Itangazo mpuzamahanga ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu, ryemejwe mu 1948, ryerekana "uburenganzira bungana bw’abagabo n’abagore", kandi rikemura ibibazo by’uburinganire n’uburinganire. [271] Mu 1979, Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye yemeje Amasezerano yerekeye guca burundu ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore (CEDAW) kugira ngo ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’itegeko ryerekeye guca ivangura rikorerwa abagore. Yavuze ko ari umushinga mpuzamahanga w’uburenganzira ku bagore, watangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 3 Nzeri 1981. Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’abibumbye bitaremeje aya masezerano ni Irani, Palau, Somaliya, Sudani, Tonga, na Amerika. Niue n'Umujyi wa Vatikani, ibihugu bitari mu muryango, na byo ntibabyemeje. Intara iheruka kuba ishyaka muri ayo masezerano ni Sudani y'Amajyepfo, ku ya 30 Mata 2015. [273] Amasezerano asobanura ivangura rikorerwa abagore mu magambo akurikira: Itandukaniro iryo ari ryo ryose, guhezwa cyangwa kubuzwa bikorwa hashingiwe ku mibonano mpuzabitsina bifite ingaruka cyangwa intego yo kubangamira cyangwa gutesha agaciro kumenyekana, kwishimira cyangwa gukora imyitozo y’abagore, hatitawe ku mibereho yabo, hashingiwe ku buringanire bw’abagabo n’abagore, uburenganzira bwa muntu n'ubwisanzure bw'ibanze muri politiki, ubukungu, imibereho, umuco, ubwenegihugu cyangwa urundi rwego urwo arirwo rwose. Ishiraho kandi gahunda y'ibikorwa byo gukuraho ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina aho ibihugu byemeza ayo masezerano bisabwa gushyiraho uburinganire hagati y’amategeko y’imbere mu gihugu, kuvanaho ingingo zose z’ivangura mu mategeko yabo, no gushyiraho ingingo nshya zo kwirinda ivangura rishingiye ku ivangura. abagore. Bagomba kandi gushyiraho inkiko n’ibigo bya Leta byemeza ko abagore barinda ivangura, kandi bagafata ingamba zo gukuraho ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore ku giti cyabo, imiryango, n’inganda. [274] Gushyingirwa, gutandukana, n'amategeko y'umuryango Ingingo ya 16 y’Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ry’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu ikubiyemo uburenganzira bwo kwemerera abagabo n’abagore gushyingirwa no kubona umuryango. [271] (1) Abagabo n'abagore bageze mu kigero cyuzuye, nta mbogamizi zishingiye ku bwoko, ubwenegihugu cyangwa idini, bafite uburenganzira bwo gushaka no gushinga umuryango. Bafite uburenganzira bungana nko gushyingirwa, mu gihe cyo gushyingirwa no guseswa. [275] (2) Ubukwe bugomba kwinjizwa gusa kubuntu kandi byuzuye kubushake bwabashakanye. (3) Umuryango ni urwego rusanzwe kandi rwibanze rwumuryango kandi rufite uburenganzira bwo kurindwa na societe na leta. Ingingo ya 16 ya CEDAW iteganya ko, "1. Ibihugu bigize ibihugu bizafata ingamba zose zikwiye zo gukuraho ivangura rikorerwa abagore mu bibazo byose bijyanye n’ubukwe n’imibanire y’umuryango [...]". [276] Mu burenganzira burimo harimo uburenganzira bw'umugore bwo kwihitiramo kandi byumvikanyweho guhitamo uwo bashakanye; kugira uburenganzira bwa kibyeyi kubana be hatitawe ku mibereho ye; uburenganzira bw'umugore wubatse guhitamo umwuga cyangwa umwuga, no kugira uburenganzira ku mutungo mu bashakanye. Usibye ibyo, "Gusezerana no gushyingirwa k'umwana nta ngaruka byemewe n'amategeko". [276] Gushyingirwa bifite abagore benshi ni umuco utavugwaho rumwe, wiganje mu bice bimwe na bimwe byisi. Ibyifuzo rusange byatanzwe na komite ishinzwe kurandura ivangura rikorerwa abagore, leta mu cyifuzo rusange No 21, Uburinganire mu bashakanye n’imibanire y’umuryango: "14. Irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutima no ku mutungo kuri we no ku bamutunga ku buryo gushyingirwa bigomba gucibwa intege kandi bikabuzwa. "[277] Kubana kw'abashakanye kimwe n'ababyeyi barera abana birasanzwe mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'isi. Komite ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu yagize iti: [278] 27. Mu guha agaciro kumenyekanisha umuryango mu rwego rwingingo ya 23, ni ngombwa kwemera igitekerezo cyubwoko butandukanye bwimiryango, harimo abashakanye batashyingiranywe hamwe nabana babo hamwe nababyeyi barera abana hamwe nabana babo kandi bakarebwa kimwe. abategarugori muriki gice (Igitekerezo rusange 19 igika cya 2 interuro yanyuma). Imiryango y'ababyeyi barera abana benshi igizwe numugore umwe urera umwana umwe cyangwa benshi, kandi amashyaka yibihugu agomba gusobanura ingamba zifatika zihari kugirango ashobore kurangiza imirimo yababyeyi ashingiye kuburinganire numugabo mumwanya umwe. == Itangazo rya Vienne na Gahunda y'ibikorwa == Itangazo na gahunda y'ibikorwa bya Vienne (VDPA) ni itangazo ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu ryemeranijweho mu nama mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira bwa muntu ku ya 25 Kamena 1993 i Vienne, ustria. Iri tangazo ryemera uburenganzira bw’umugore nk’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Igika cya 18 kigira kiti: [279] Uburenganzira bwa muntu bw’umugore n’umukobwa-umwana ni igice ntagereranywa, kidasanzwe kandi ntigabanywa uburenganzira bwa muntu. Uruhare rwuzuye kandi rungana rw’abagore mu buzima bwa politiki, ubwenegihugu, ubukungu, imibereho n’umuco, ku rwego rw’igihugu, uturere ndetse n’amahanga, no kurandura ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina ni intego z’umuryango mpuzamahanga. Umwanzuro w’akanama gashinzwe umutekano ku isi 1325 Ingingo nyamukuru: Icyemezo cy’umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe umutekano Ku ya 31 Ukwakira 2000, Inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe umutekano yemeje ku mwanzuro w’inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe umutekano 1325, inyandiko ya mbere yemewe n’amategeko yatanzwe n’akanama gashinzwe umutekano ku isi isaba ibihugu byose kubahiriza byimazeyo amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera ikiremwamuntu n’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu akoreshwa mu burenganzira. no kurengera abagore n’abakobwa mu gihe na nyuma y’intambara yitwaje intwaro. === Amasezerano y'akarere ===     ==== Ingingo z'ingenzi ==== Amasezerano ya Belém do Pará, Protokole ya Maputo, n’amasezerano yo gukumira no kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’Abanyamerika yerekeye gukumira, guhana, no guca burundu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore, uzwi ku izina rya Belém do Pará, yemejwe n’umuryango w’ibihugu by’Amerika ku ya 9 Kamena 1994. Kuva muri Werurwe 2020, 32 muri 34 cyangwa Ibihugu 35 bigize Umuryango w’umuryango w’ibihugu by’Amerika byashyize umukono ku masezerano, byemezwa cyangwa byinjira mu masezerano ya Belém do Pará; gusa Kanada, Cuba na Amerika ntibigeze. [281] [ingingo ya 1] Amasezerano y’amasezerano nyafurika y’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’abaturage ku burenganzira bw’umugore muri Afurika, uzwi ku izina rya Maputo Protocol, yemejwe n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika ku ya 11 Nyakanga 2003 mu nama yayo ya kabiri yabereye i Maputo, [282] Mozambike. Ku ya 25 Ugushyingo 2005, imaze kwemezwa n’ibihugu 15 bisabwa bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika, ayo masezerano yatangiye gukurikizwa. Amasezerano yemeza ko uburenganzira bw’umugore burimo uburenganzira bwo kugira uruhare muri gahunda za politiki, uburinganire bw’imibereho n’ivya politiki n’abagabo, no kugenzura ubuzima bw’imyororokere, ndetse no guca burundu imyanya ndangagitsina y’abagore. [284] Amasezerano yo gukumira no kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, uzwi ku izina rya Istanbul, yemejwe n’inama y’Uburayi ku ya 11 Gicurasi 2011. Kuva muri Kamena 2020, ayo masezerano yashyizweho umukono n’umunyamuryango w’Inama y’Uburayi 45/47 bihugu n'Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi; 34 mu bashyizeho umukono na bo bemeje ayo masezerano. [285] === Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore === Itangazo ry’umuryango w’abibumbye Itangazo ryerekeye guca burundu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore ryemejwe n’umuryango w’abibumbye mu 1993. Risobanura ko ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore ari "igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cy’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ritera, cyangwa rishobora kuviramo ingaruka mbi ku mubiri, ku gitsina cyangwa ku mitekerereze cyangwa kubabazwa ku bagore, harimo iterabwoba ry'ibyo bikorwa, ku gahato cyangwa kwamburwa umudendezo uko bishakiye, haba mu baturage cyangwa mu buzima bwite. "[286] Iki cyemezo cyagaragaje ko abagore bafite uburenganzira bwo kutagira ihohoterwa. Kubera iyo myanzuro, mu 1999, Inteko rusange yatangaje ko umunsi wo ku ya 25 Ugushyingo ari umunsi mpuzamahanga wo guca burundu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore. Ingingo ya 2 y’itangazo ryerekeye guca burundu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore ryerekana uburyo butandukanye bw’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore: Ingingo ya kabiri: Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore rizasobanuka rikubiyemo, ariko ntirigarukira gusa kuri ibi bikurikira: . urugomo rujyanye no gukoreshwa; ) (c) Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri, rishingiye ku gitsina no mu mutwe ryakozwe cyangwa ryemejwe na Leta, aho ribaye hose. === Amasezerano ya Istanbul === Amasezerano y’Inama y’Uburayi yerekeye gukumira no kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, rizwi kandi ku izina rya Istanbul, ni cyo gitabo cya mbere cyemewe n'amategeko mu Burayi mu bijyanye n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore, [287] kandi ritangira gukurikizwa. 2014. [288] Ibihugu byemeza bigomba kwemeza ko ihohoterwa ryasobanuwe mu nyandiko yaryo ritemewe. Mu Ijambo ryayo ryibanze, Amasezerano avuga ko "gushyira mu bikorwa uburinganire bw’umugore n’abagabo ari ikintu cy’ingenzi mu gukumira ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore. nyirabayazana asangiye cyangwa yasangiye inzu imwe n’uwahohotewe. ". === Gufata ku ngufu n'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina === Ingingo nyamukuru: Urwego mpuzamahanga rwihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina Umusore ukomoka mu Bushinwa w’amoko wari muri imwe muri "bataillon ihumuriza" yingabo z’Ubuyapani, abazwa n’umusirikare w’ubumwe (reba abagore bahumuriza). Gufatwa ku ngufu, rimwe na rimwe byitwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ni igitero cy’umuntu urimo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa kwinjira mu wundi muntu atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya. Gufata ku ngufu muri rusange bifatwa nkicyaha gikomeye cyimibonano mpuzabitsina kimwe n’ihohoterwa ry’abaturage. Iyo bimwe mubikorwa byakwirakwijwe kandi kuri gahunda, gufata kungufu nubucakara bwibitsina byamenyekanye nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu kimwe nicyaha cyintambara. Gufata ku ngufu kandi ubu bizwi nkuburyo bwa jenoside iyo bikozwe hagamijwe gusenya, yose cyangwa igice, itsinda ryibasiwe. Nka jenoside ====== Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda ====== Mu 1998, Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw’u Rwanda rwashyizweho n’umuryango w’abibumbye rwafashe ibyemezo by’ingenzi ko gufata ku ngufu ari icyaha cya jenoside hakurikijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga. Urubanza rwa Jean-Paul Akayesu, umuyobozi wa komini ya Taba mu Rwanda, rwemeje ko gufata ku ngufu ari kimwe mu bigize icyaha cya jenoside. Urubanza rwa Akayesu rurimo gusobanura no gusaba bwa mbere urukiko mpuzamahanga rw’amasezerano yo mu 1948 yo gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside. Urugereko rwa Mbere rw'Iremezo rwemeje ko gufata ku ngufu bisobanura ko ari "igitero cy’umubiri cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina cyakozwe ku muntu ku gahato ku gahato", kandi ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikaba ari ibikorwa bya jenoside mu gihe byakozwe hagamijwe kurimbura, muri rusange cyangwa igice, itsinda rigenewe. Yasanze ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryagize uruhare rukomeye mu bikorwa byo gusenya ubwoko bw’abatutsi kandi ko gufata ku ngufu byari gahunda kandi ko byakorewe abagore b’abatutsi gusa, bikagaragaza intego yihariye isabwa kugira ngo ibyo bikorwa bibe jenoside. [290] Umucamanza Navanethem Pillay mu ijambo rye nyuma y’urubanza yagize ati: "Kuva kera, gufata ku ngufu byafashwe nkimwe mu minyago y’intambara. Ubu bizafatwa nkicyaha cy’intambara. Turashaka kohereza ubutumwa bukomeye buvuga ko gufata ku ngufu bitakiriho. igikombe cy'intambara. " Nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu === Ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu === Amasezerano y’i Roma asobanura ububasha bw’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha, yemera ko gufata ku ngufu, uburetwa bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina, gukora uburaya, gutwita ku gahato, kuboneza urubyaro, "cyangwa ubundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose bw’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rifite uburemere bugereranywa" nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu niba ibikorwa ni bimwe mubikorwa byakwirakwijwe cyangwa kuri gahunda. [293] [294] Itangazo na gahunda y'ibikorwa bya Vienne kandi biramagana gufata ku ngufu buri gihe kimwe n'ubwicanyi, uburetwa bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina, ndetse no gutwita ku gahato, kuko ari "ukurenga ku mahame remezo y'uburenganzira bwa muntu mpuzamahanga n'amategeko agenga ikiremwamuntu." kandi bisaba igisubizo cyiza cyane. [295] Gufata ku ngufu byamenyekanye bwa mbere nk'icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu igihe Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwahoze ari Yugosilaviya rwatangaga impapuro zo kumuta muri yombi zishingiye ku Masezerano y'i Jeneve no kurenga ku mategeko cyangwa gasutamo y'intambara. By'umwihariko, byaragaragaye ko abagore b’abayisilamu bo muri Foca (mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Bosiniya na Herzegovina) bakorewe ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina kandi rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abasirikare, abapolisi, ndetse n’abagize imitwe yitwara gisirikare nyuma yo kwigarurira umujyi muri Mata. 1992. [296] Inyandiko y'ibirego yari ifite akamaro kanini mu mategeko kandi ni bwo bwa mbere hakozwe iperereza ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina hagamijwe gukurikiranwa hashingiwe ku iyicarubozo no kuba imbata nk'icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. [296] Inyandiko y'ibirego yemejwe n'icyemezo cyo mu 2001 n'Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwahoze ari Yugosilaviya ko gufata ku ngufu no kuba imbata z'ibitsina ari ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Iki cyemezo cyamaganye ko abantu benshi bafatwa ku ngufu no kuba imbata z’abagore nk’intambara mu ntambara. Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwahoze ari Yugosilaviya rwasanze abagabo batatu bo muri Seribiya bo muri Bosiniya bahamwe n'icyaha cyo gufata ku ngufu abagore n'abakobwa bo muri Bosniak (Abayisilamu bo muri Bosiniya) (bamwe bafite imyaka 12 na 15 y'amavuko), i Foca, mu burasirazuba bwa Bosiniya na Herzegovina. Byongeye kandi, babiri muri abo bagabo bahamwe n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu cy’ubucakara bw’igitsina bazira gufata abagore n’abakobwa mu bigo byinshi by’imfungwa. Nyuma yaho, benshi mu bagore barazimiye. Raporo y’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku burenganzira bwa muntu, yasohotse ku ya 28 Nyakanga 2020, abagore bakoze ingendo mu mahanga basubijwe muri Koreya ya Ruguru ku gahato kandi bakorerwa ihohoterwa, iyicarubozo, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ndetse n’andi makosa. Koreya ya Ruguru ibuza abaturage gutembera mu mahanga. Abo bagore bafunzwe bazira kubikora bakubiswe buri gihe, bakorerwa iyicarubozo, bakorerwa ubwambure ku gahato ndetse no gusaka ku mubiri. Abagore bavuze kandi ko mu gihe batwite, abayobozi ba gereza bakuyemo inda abana benshi bakubita abagore cyangwa babakora imirimo ivunanye. == Ibindi == Gushyingirwa ku gahato n'ubucakara Guhatira ku gahato abakobwa bake muri Pakisitani no gushyingirwa ku gahato Amasezerano y'inyongera yo mu 1956 yerekeye gukuraho ubucakara, ubucuruzi bw'abacakara, n'inzego n'ibikorwa bisa n'ubucakara bisobanura "ibigo n'imikorere isa n'ubucakara" birimo: [299] c) Ikigo cyangwa imyitozo iyo ari yo yose: ) cyangwa (ii) Umugabo w'umugore, umuryango we, cyangwa umuryango we, afite uburenganzira bwo kumwimurira undi muntu agaciro yakiriwe cyangwa ukundi; cyangwa (iii) Umugore ku rupfu rw'umugabo we agomba kuragwa undi muntu; == Reba == <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kumenya-uburenganzira-bw-abashakanye-bifasha-kugabanya-amakimbirane</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kumenya-uburenganzira-bw-abashakanye-bifasha-kugabanya-amakimbirane</ref> <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/topics/cvjp2jy8dxjt</ref> <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/uburinganire-ni-uburenganzira-si-impuhwe-perezida-kagame</ref> <ref>https://urwenya.wordpress.com/2015/01/01/uruhare-rwumugore-mu-guharanira-uburenganzira-bwe/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gmo.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=570 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224103142/https://gmo.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=570 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230224103150/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article4377</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230224103142/https://www.judiciary.gov.rw/uploads/tx_publications/law_803d1665f18163c7851eadf4f7ed61201501683556.pdf</ref> <ref>https://panorama.rw/kudasobanukirwa-uburenganzira-ku-buzima-bwimyororokere-biracyazamura-ihohoterwa-rishingiye-ku-gitsina-ubushakashatsi/</ref> <ref>http://haguruka.org.rw/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Inyoborabiganiro-ku-gushishikariza-abakobwa-kumenya-uburenganzira-bwabo.pdf</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-numugabo-we/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2024-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423145408/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-numugabo-we/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://rwandashia.com/2021/10/30/dore-amateka-ya-asiyah-umugore-wa-farawo-wareze-intumwa-mussa-as-akicwa-abambwe/</ref> <ref>https://historyopinion.com/rw/13598-wars-ancient-mesopotamia-part-8-bad-times-of-good-kings/</ref> <ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/udushya/article/taliki-15-kamena-isomere-ibyaranze-uyu-munsi-mu-mateka-birimo-n-ishingwa-rya</ref> <ref>https://bwiza.com/?Ibigwi-by-Umwami-w-Abami-Constantine-n-uko-yaje-kubatizwa-ntibivugweho-rumwe</ref> <ref>https://umuragenamateka.rw<ref> asru67mqo0exqw8sozqzr1xr1hyushl 0 14369 119152 116606 2024-12-13T10:23:28Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119152 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum fruits IMGP0049.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] [[Dosiye:Green Bell Pepper.jpg|thumb|Green Bell Pepper]] [[Dosiye:Poivron frais.jpg|thumb|Poivron ]] [[Dosiye:Petit poivron ayant poussé dans un poivron.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Poivrons verts.JPG|thumb|Poivrons]] [[Dosiye:Poivron frais.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] [[Dosiye:Poivrons rouges et verts au marché d'Orange.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] [[Dosiye:Poivrons coupés avec oignons à la poêle.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] == '''IRIBURIRO''' == [[Dosiye:Capsicum baccatum in Saúde flea market, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg|left|thumb]] Puwavuro ni urusenda rudakaze ruzwi ku miterere yarwo isa n’inzogera, kuba rutifitemo uburure (Capsaicin) bituma rutagira ubukana nk’ubw’urundi rusenda. Puwavuro z’ubwoko butukura n’izisa n’idoma zigira agasharire gake naho izisa n’umutuku, izisa na oranje ndetse n’iz’umuhondo zigiramo uburyohe. Puwavuro ziri mu bwoko bw’imboga zihingwa umwaka wose zikaba mu muryango w’ibihingwa byera byabanje kurabya (Solanacaea). Mu butaka burumbuka, puwavuro zigira uburebure buri hagati ya m 1.0 -1.5. Igiti cya puwavuro kigira imizi migufi cyane kandi ikomeye bihagije igifashaigiti gukomera mu butaka. Puwavuro yeze igira ubuhwa bwinshi imbere.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/puwavuro-ikoreshwa-nk-ikirungo-ikize-kuri-vitamine-c-kurusha-amacunga-ubushakashatsi</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abahinzi-ibihumbi-40-bagiye-gufashwa-guhinga-kijyambere-imboga-n-imbuto-mu</ref> === '''AMOKO YA PUWAVURO''' === [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum var. Fiesta - MHNT.jpg|thumb|276x276px|puwavuro]] Puwavuro ni igihingwa cyo mu bwoko bw’urusenda gihingwa igihe cyoae mu mwaka. Puwavuro zeza imbuto zifite amabara atandukanye harimo iz’umutuku, umuhondo, oranje, icyatsi kibisi n’idoma. Puwavuro rimwe na rimwe zibarirwa mu bwoko bw’urusenda rudakaze cyane zikitwa urusenda rutarrura.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-hatashywe-umushinga-wo-kuhira-imyaka-hifashishijwe-imirasire-yizuba/</ref> === '''Ingero z’amoko amwe n’amwe ya puwavuro''' === ==== '''Double Up.''' ==== [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum 15-p.bot-capsic.annu-007.jpg|thumb|250x250px|puwavuro]] Ni ubwoko bwa puwavuro burumbuka cyane, bwavuye ku mvange y’amoko atandukanye, bukunda guhingwa mu mirima migari. Imbuto zazo ziba zitsindagiye kandi zisa zose, zikagira hafi nka cm 10 x10, zihisha zitinze, ari ko zigenda zihinduka umutuku tukutuku bituma zigaragara neza mbere yo kuzipakira ari nke no kuzipakira ari nyinshi. Mu rubuto imbere haba hegeranye rukomeye ku buryo gusarura bwa mbere bigira umusaruro utubutse. Ubu bwoko bufite ubushobozi bugereranyije bwo guhangana n’indwara zitera ibibara ziterwa na mikorobi zo mu bwoko bwa 1, 2 n’ubwa 3. Umusaruro wazo uba mwiza mu gihe kirekire zishobora kwera.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202711/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/green_pepper/crop_management</ref><ref>https://www.isangostar.rw/france-leta-yahagaritse-itegeko-rikumira-gupfunyika-imbuto-nimboga-mu-mashashi</ref> [[Dosiye:Red bell pepper.jpg|thumb|pavuro yumutuku]] ==== '''Capsicum Victory F1''' ==== Ubu bwoko bwa puwavuro ni ubwoko bukunda igihe cy’ihinga gishyushye. Ubu bwoko bwa puwavuro bukungahaye ku bintu bisukura umubiri  (antioxidants) bituma umuntu agumana ubuzima buzira umuze. Bukize kandi ku munyu wa Potasiyumu utuma umuvuduko w’amaraso ujya ku gipimo cyiza kandi zifitemo intungamubiri z’imizi/ibikatsi (fibres). Imbuto za puwavuro zimera mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 2 cyangwa 3 zitewe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/11/dore-akamaro-9-ko-kurya-puwavuro-ku.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202709/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/11/dore-akamaro-9-ko-kurya-puwavuro-ku.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== '''Puwavuro z’umuhondo''' ==== Ni puwavuro z’ibara ry’umuhondo, zifitemo isukari, zifite igishishwa kinini, zifite intungamubiri kandi ibara ryazo rituma zigaragara neza mu mboga mbisi. Ni nziza kuzirya bisanzwe cyangwa kuzirya ari mbisi. Ibiti bya puwavuro z’umuhondo biba binini bityo bisaba ko bishingirirwa cyane cyane iyo byezeho imbuto nyinshi. Puwavuro z’umuhondo ziba ari icyatsi kibisi zigatangira kuba umuhondo guhera ku minsi 70 kugeza kuri 80.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0sZA3BXXd4</ref> ==== '''Puwavuro zisa n’ibara ry’icunga''' ==== [[Dosiye:Solanales - Capsicum annuum - 5.jpg|thumb|puwavuro]] Puwavuro zisa n’ibara ry’icunga ni ubwoko bw’imvange buryoha cyane, iyo zeze ziva ku ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi zigahinduka oranje isa na mandarine. Izi puwavuro zigira igishishwa gikomeye zikanagira ubushobozi bwo gusukura umubiri. Ni bwo bwoko buryoha cyane mu moko yose ya puwavuro z’amabara. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu isupu y’inyanya, mu mboga mbisi, cyangwa igatekwa bisanzwe mu bindi biribwa. Ibiti bya puwavuro za oranje bibasha guhangana n’indwara y’ububembe buterwa na virusi y’itabi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genesisbizz.com/Impamvu-z-ingenzi-zituma-puwavuro-zitagomba-kubura-ku-mafunguro-yawe-ya-buri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202709/https://genesisbizz.com/Impamvu-z-ingenzi-zituma-puwavuro-zitagomba-kubura-ku-mafunguro-yawe-ya-buri |url-status=dead }}</ref> === '''Gutegura umurima wo guhumbika puwavuro''' === ==== '''''-Uko bikorwa:''''' ==== * Gutema ibihuru * Gutegura ubutaka * Kwegeranya ibikoresho bikenewe no guhitamo umurama ufunze kandi wujuje ubuziranenge * Kuvanga neza ifumbire mu butaka * Gupima ingero z’ubuhumbikiro n’inguni zazo * Guhinga neza ubutaka bufumbiye no kubuzamura byibura kugera kuri cm 30 z’uburebure no kuburinganiza * Gutangira impande z’ubuhumbikiro bakoresheje ibiti, imitumba y’insina cyangwa amashami y’ibiti * Guca imirongo igororotse itambitse hakurikijwe intera yemewe * Gutera witonze umurama wa puwavuro ku ntera itandukanyijwe na cm 1-2 (urugero rureshya n’urugingo rw’urutoki) nyuma ukarenzaho agataka gake * Kuvomerera ubuhumbikiro ku buryo buhagije * Gukora indi mirimo yose isabwa mu buhumbikiro nko kubagara no kurwanya ibyonnyi, kwicira mu rwego rwo kugabanya ubucucike bw’ingemwe ibyo bigakorwa ingemwe zaramaze kumera neza. * Kubakira ubuhumbikiro ngo haze igicucu kirinda ingemwe kononekara kubera umuyaga cyangwa ibitonyanga biremereye by’imvura * Gutwikira ubutaka bakoresheje utwatsi duke nyuma yo guhumbika ariko tugakurwaho vuba bishoboka igihe umurama utangiye kumera tukazakoreshwa mu gusasira. * Kureka ingemwe zigafata bagabanya kuvomerera kenshi banagabanya isakaro mu byumweru 1-2 mbere yo kugemura kugira ngo ingemwe zikomere.<ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230225140942/https://umutihealth.com/poivron/</ref> ==== '''''Gutegura umurima''''' ==== [[Dosiye:Planting Hena 3.jpg|thumb|209x209px|umurima uteguye neza]] Ni ngombwa guhitamo ahantu hari umurima wayoborewe amazi neza kandi udaheruka guhingwamo imbuto zo mu bwoko bw’ibihingwa birabya mbere yo kweramu gihe cya vuba.<ref name=":1" /> ==== '''''Gutegura umurima''''' ==== Ni ngombwa guhitamo ahantu hari umurima wayoborewe amazi neza kandi udaheruka guhingwamo imbuto zo mu bwoko bw’ibihingwa birabya mbere yo kweramu gihe cya vuba. Gutwikiriza ibishishwa by’umuceri mu murima bagiye guteramo mbere yo guhumbika ndetse no kuzamura umurima ho nka cm 15 z’uburebure kugira ngo byorohe kuyoboramo amazi bigabanya ibibazo by’indwara zishobora guturuka mu butaka. Umurama uterwa ku mirongo utandukanyijwe na cm 6. Ubutaka butwikirizwa agafumbire gake kanoze cyangwa isaso y’ibishishwa by’umuceri. Puwavuro ziterwa mu buhumbikiro kugira ngo zizamuke vuba zinakure vuba. Ni byiza gutera umurama wujuje ubuziranenge kugira ngo umusaruro uzabe mwiza. Nyuma ingemwe zigemurirwa mu murima wateguwe. Umurima wigiye hejuru utuma kuyobora amazi mu murima byoroha. Umurima ushobora gutegurwa mu buryo bwinshi. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe imitabo ikorwa ku buryo busanzwe ifite ubugari bwa m 1 n’imiyoboro ya cm 50 z’ ubugari. Uburebure bw’umurima buterwa n’igihe cy’ihinga: cm 20 mu gihe cy’izuba na cm 35 mu gihe cy’imvura. Isaso ikozwe mu bishishwa by’umuceri cyangwa mu bindi bimera ikoreshwa batwikira ubutaka. Akamaro k’isaso ni ukugumisha ifumbire mu butaka, kugumisha ubuhehere mu butaka no kugabanya kumera kw’ibyatsi bibi.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/ibintu-ukwiriye-kujya-witaho-buri-munsi-niba-ushaka-kwirinda-diyabeti</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] flxlz0m40z2nxy31d4sybjv0iu48pu7 0 14380 119151 112788 2024-12-13T10:16:21Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119151 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Commelina africana (Commelinaceae) (46607904784).jpg|thumb|179x179px]] [[Dosiye:Starr-080314-3528-Schiedea globosa-small plant-Kahakuloa-Maui (24279122463).jpg|thumb|uruteja|228x228px]] [[Dosiye:Sapium insigne.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Plant 136.jpg|thumb|uruteja]] URUTEJA ni icyatsi kirandaranda hasi nk'urwiri gifite amababi kikagira ururenda muguhe ugikase. uruteja runi zikunda kumera mu byobo, cyangwa mu ntoki, ngo hari ubwoko bw’amahumane zivura, hari n’ibibyimba zivura ndetse n’amasekera, umuntu avuna uruteja, agasiga umushongi cyangwa ururenda warwo aharwaye hagakira.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/ibi-bimera-bifite-ibanga-mu-buvuzi-gakondo</ref> == Ibyo Ruvura == === AMABABI === Kurya ibyakwangiza umubiri (intoxications alimentaires): umukamato w’amababi uyanike yume, ikiyiko 1 cy’ifu yayo ukivange n’amazi y’akazuyaze mu kirahure 1 mu gitondo, 1 ku manywa, 1 nijoro, unywa. * Igifu gifite aside irenze urugero (hypergastralgie): sekura umukamato w’amababi, wanike ku zuba. Ufata ikiyiko 1 ukakivanga n’ikirahure 1 cy’amazi y’akazuyaze buri nshuro, 3 ku munsi. * Uburozi (l’empoisennement): hekenya amababi 2 cyangwa 3 buri gitondo na buri mugoroba, amezi 4. * Kurumwa n’inzoka cyangwa indi nyamaswa ifite ubumara (morsure de serpent ou animal vénimeux): fata umukamato w’amababi, uyasekure womeke aho yarumye, ubikore iminsi 5. Nyuma urakomeza ukajya ubikoresha. * [[Dosiye:Commelina africana lancispatha 2.jpg|thumb|Uruteja|182x182px]]Impyiko zangiritse (inflammations des reins): fata imikamato 2 y’amababi uyateke muri litiro 1 y’amazi. Unywa iyo litiro amanywa yose, ubikore iminsi 15.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/article/irst-yasohoye-igitabo-gikubiyemo-ibimera-gakondo-byakwifashishwa-nk-ibiryo</ref> === URURENDA: === * Ibihushi n’izindi ndwara z’uruhu (teigne et autres dermatoses): shyira ururenda rw’uruteja washwanyaguje aharwaye. * Ibisebe: shyira ururenda rw’uruteja ku bisebe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527084119/https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Starr 010327-0554 Schiedea globosa.jpg|thumb|Uruteja rwarandaranze]] === AGATI K’URUTEJA: === * Imihango y’abagore itameze neza (les troubles de menstruation): Uvanga 100g z’uruteja rwose uko rwakabaye na ¼ cy’ikirahure cy’amatembabuzi y’ipapayi (amata y’ipapayi) itarahisha ngo ibe umuhondo. Ubishyire muri litiro 2 z’amazi arimo kubira, bimaremo iminota 5, ukayungurura, ukanywa ikirahure .<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Bamwe-mu-bahinzi-ba-Kawa-muri-Huye-baravuga-ko-bafite-ikibazo-cyo-kubura-ingemwe</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] qzj6r68emvdcjpeq1e5i9iqw3370n2p 0 14388 119102 111386 2024-12-13T03:55:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119102 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kalanchoe - Ботаничка градина Скопје (2).jpg|thumb|Ikitenetene|157x157px]] [[Dosiye:Kalanchoe beharensis serres du Jardin du Luxembourg.JPG|left|thumb]] Ikinetenete ni [[ikimera]] kizwi n’Abanyarwanda benshi , cyane cyane ababyeyi kuko gituma umwana yoroherwa mu nda, niba yari yananiwe kwituma bigakunda, bityo ibyamuryaga bigashira. Hari n’abagikoresha mu gihe umwana yarwaye inkorora, bakacyotsa mu rukoma, bagakamura bagaha umwana amazi yacyo. Ikinetenete kandi gikora nk’icyo bita Umukunde,ngo ufasha umwana gukundana n’amara ye, ntakomeze kuribwa mu nda.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/ibi-bimera-bifite-ibanga-mu-buvuzi-gakondo</ref><ref>https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/ikinetenete</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/iihango-yumugore-mu-gihe-cyo-kubyara/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227141854/https://rw.amateka.net/iihango-yumugore-mu-gihe-cyo-kubyara/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3X-Do0eAak</ref> == Kuvura == * [[Dosiye:Kalanchoe beharensis - Ботаничка градина Скопје (3).jpg|thumb|Igiti |164x164px]]Kivura n'amatwi hamwe n'inkorora. ni uku kivumbika mu ivu rishyushye wacyizingiye mu rukoma, kigashyuha. Ukagikuramo maze ugakandira mu gutwi kiri akazuyazi ariko kitakotsa. * Ku nkorora umaze ku kivumbika uragihekenya. * [[Dosiye:Orbea variegata и Kalanchoe - Ботаничка градина Скопје.jpg|thumb|Imigozo y'Ikinetenete|183x183px]]Ikinetenete baragitwika bagashyira utuzi twacyo ku gakondo k'uruhinja kagakungura nta infection ijemo.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] 6vcwn0h7stjgyka0jepzs311ddteamt 0 14391 119103 112991 2024-12-13T03:55:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119103 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Curcuma longa (Haldi) W IMG 2440.jpg|thumb|Turmeric cyangwa Ikinzari|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Turmeric (Haldi) 03.jpg|left|thumb]] Ikinzari cyangwa Turmeric ni [[ikimera]] kiri mu muryango Zingiberaceae ni [[ikimera]] kitarigishya kuko kimaze imyaka irenga 2000 gihingwa, uburebure bwacyo bujya gukabakaba metero, Ifu iva mumizi yacyo ikunzwe gukoreshwa cyane nk’ ikirungo. Igira ibara ry’ umuhondo ujya kuba nk’ icunga ( orange). N’ [[ikimera]] gikomoka mubuhinde no muri Asia y’ amajyepfo y’ iburasirazuba. Kuri ubu kikaba gikoreshwa mubihugu byose ku isi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/icyinzari/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227151600/https://umutihealth.com/icyinzari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20230227151600/http://www.agakiza.rw/Menya-byinshi-ku-icyinzari-ikirungo-kivura-indwara-nyinshi.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/02/akamaro-kicyinzari.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227151601/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/02/akamaro-kicyinzari.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Curcuma longa - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-199.jpg|thumb|Ikinzari|206x206px]] == AKAMARO KA TURIMERIC KUBUZIMA BWACU. == ● Itera Umwijima kumererwa neza ● Irwanya ibibazo by' Umutima: ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekanyeko itera imikorere myiza uduce duto two mumutima imbere no mumitsi ijyana amaraso (endothelial), tugira uruhare mukurwanya umuvuduko w' amaraso, no kwangirika kw' umutima. ● Ni anti- inflamatoire. Kubwibyo bituma iba nziza kubibazo bitandukanye cyane nka rubagimpande na arthritis. ● Ni carminative, ninziza kukubyimbura, colic, no gusohora icyuka cyo mumara. ● Irwanya mikorobi, ubwandu cyangwa ama infection, kandi ikaba nziza mukongera ubudahangarwa bw’ umubiri. ● Ni nziza kundwara z’ igifu nka dyspepsia, igogora ritinda kunoza ibyokurya , gastrite chronique, kubura kw’ ipfa ry’ ibyo kurya… ●Ifasha muguhangana n’ indwara zibasira imyanya y’ ubuhumekero nka bronchite, inkorora, asthma… ● Ikangura imikorere y’ ubwonko kandi igafasha mukugabanya umunaniro no guhangayika , ● ikanarinda indwara ya Alzheimer kubageze muzabukuru n’ izindi Ifite ubushobozi bwogushyira kurigahunda imihango y' abakobwa no kuburizamo ibindi bibazo bijyanye nayo. ● Irinda gusazira imburagihe Ifasha mugusohora urugimbu rubi mumubiri no kurwanya indwara z’ umutima Indwanya indwara z’ uruhu nka psoriasis, eczema, ibiheri byo mumaso… [[Dosiye:Curcuma longa (Haldi) W2 IMG 2440.jpg|thumb|ikinzari|210x210px]] ● Ikomeza imikaya (ligaments) Isukura amaraso Igabanya umubyibuho ukabije Igabanya ingaruka z’ imiti y’ ubutabire ( chemotherapy) Irwanya cancer ( y’ amabere, prostate, y’ uruhu, y ‘ iherezo ry’ amara, iyo mumatembabuzi, n’ iya maraso) Nibyiza kuvanga Turmeric na Black pepper izwi ku izina rya Pilipilimanga, kuko bituma curcumin iboneka muri Turmeric ikwirakwizwa neza mumubiri, ibyo bikayiha ubushobozi bwayo mu mubiri.<ref>https://www.thechoicelive.com/sobanukirwa-byinshi-byagufasha-kurinda-ibihaha-no-gutuma-bikora-neza</ref> === UKO IKORESHWA === * Utuyiko 2 duto muri litiro 1 y’ amazi ashyushye. Tegereza iminota 10, ubone kuyungurura, unywe amatasi 3 kumunsi * Kuyishyira mubyokurya, mugikoma, …ukoresheje akayiko gato katuzuye neza * Kubibazo by’ uruhu ikoreshwa uyisize uvanze n’ amazi * Kuvura ibiheri byo mu maso:3 ibiyiko by’ ifu ya turmeric-- 3 ibiyiko by’ ubuki 1 ikiyiko cya vinaigre ya pomme ½ cy’ [[indimu]] Bivange neza usige mu maso bimareho igice cy’ isaha.<ref>https://yegob.rw/ibyagufasha-gucyesha-mu-kwaha-hawe-hahindutse-umukara/</ref> [[Dosiye:Turmeric plants image.jpg|thumb|218x218px|Umurima uhinzemo ibinzani]] === Ibindi === 1. Turmeric ntangaruka mbi itera umubiri iyo ikoreshejwe neza kurugero rukwiriye. Iyo urengeje urugero ushobora kugira bimwe mubibazo bikurikira:Gukora nabi kw' igogora.--Iseseme Diarrhe Isereri 2. Sibyiza kuyikoresha igihe kirenze amezi 2 cyangwa 3, ujye usimbuka andi mezi 2 mbere yuko wongera kuyikoresha. 3. '''Utwite:''' kuyikoresha nk' ikirungo mubyokurya ntacyitwaye, ariko kuyikoresha kurugero rurihejuru ( nk' umuti) ntabwo byemewe.<ref name=":0" /> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] h8kyjqccv02evk6ibcdn9l3bzj3s92y 0 14393 119100 115048 2024-12-13T03:29:45Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119100 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bezouce Picholine pour l'AOC Huile d'olive de Nîmes.JPG|thumb|Imbuto zivamo amavuta ya elayo|230x230px]] [[Dosiye:Olea_europaea._Olivar.jpg|thumb|igiti cya elayo |227x227px]] '''Igiti cya Elayo''' nicyo kivaho amavuta ya Elayo ari mu byiciro bigera kuri 5 hakurikijwe uburyo atunganywamo: [[Dosiye:Selezione Oro (extra-virgin olive oil).jpg|thumb|Amavuta ya elayo|321x321px]] == 1. Extra Virgin Olive oil (Huile d'Olive Extra vierge) == [[Dosiye:Modern olive oil mill.jpg|thumb|174x174px|Uruganda rutunganya amavuta ya Elayo]] [[Dosiye:AOC huile d'olive de Provence.JPG|left|thumb]] Ubu nibwo bwoko bw'amavuta ya elayo bwa mbere bwiza. Buboneka imbuto nziza z'indobanure zitamaze igihe zisaruwe zibyazwamo amavuta hifashishijwe ubukonje (cold pressing method) kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe byatuma hatakara ubuziranenge bw'umwimerere. Aya mavuta aba afite *acidity* iri hasi cyane (kenshi ni 1%). Afatwa nk'aya mbere kuko agumana impumuro n'uburyohe by'umwimerere kandi akaba nta bushyuhe cyangwa ibinyabutabire byifashishwa mu kuboneka kwayo .Aya niyo mavuta akunda kwifashishwa mu kurengera ubuzima kimwe no mu buvuzi. Aya yo wanayanywa utagize ikindi uyongeramo kubera ko aba afite ubuziranenge bwose.Aya kandi niyo agenewe kuribwa ari mabisi, gushyirwa ku byo kurya bihiye no gushyirwa kuri salades.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/kunywa-akayiko-k-amavuta-ya-olive-mbere-yo-kurya-byakurinda-kurwara-ikirungurira</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/114408/abakobwa-uko-wakwivura-imvuvu-burundu-114408.html</ref> === 2. Virgin Olive oil (Huile d'Olive Vierge) === Aya mavuta niyo yo ku rwego rwa kabiri kuko aboneka nayo hifshishijwe ubukonje. Nta binyabutabīre cyangwa ubushyuhe byifashishwa mu kuyatunganya. Icyo atandukaniyeho n'aya mbere ni uko imbuto kurwamo ziba zarobanuwe ari izo ku rwego rwa kabiri mu bwiza n'ubuziranenge.Aba afite acidity iri hagati ya 1-4%). Aya mavuta ashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe ariko butari bwinshi niyo mpamvu ibya mbere agenewe ari ugutekeshwa ibyo kurya bidatekwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi, mu kotsa imigati, guteka ifiriti, gusa no muri salade naho ajya akoreshwa nubwo atahagira umumaro cyane nk'aya mbere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/07/dore-impinduka-uzabona-ku-mubiri-wawe.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227161011/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/07/dore-impinduka-uzabona-ku-mubiri-wawe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 3. Refined Olive oil (Huile d'Olive rafiné) === [[Dosiye:Huile d'olive aux truffes.jpg|thumb|204x204px|Amavuta ya Elayo]] Aya mavuta yo atunganywa akuwe mu mbuto z'imyelayo zihiye akenshi z'umukara. Aya atunganywa hifshishijwe ubushyuhe kugira ngo hakamurwemo menshi. Bajya bavangamo duke two muri quality ya mbere cyangwa iya 2 kugira ngo bayongerere ubushobozi, niyo mpamvu hari ayo muzajya mubona yanditseho ngo Refined Olive oil blended with Extra Virgin Olive oil cyangwa Refined Olive oil blended with Virgin Olive oil; icyo gihe haba hari duke tuvanzemo twiza. Gusa uko bimeze kose aya afatwa n'ubwoko bwo ku rugero rwo hasi kandi afatwa nk'akoreshwa mu byo guteka cyane ku birakenera ubushyuhe bwinshi. Urugero rw'ibinyamavuta (fat) n'izitwa kalori byo biba biri ku rugero rw'ariya ya mbere n'aya kabiri.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/umwimerere-w-amavuta-ya-elayo-afite-agaciro-gakomeye-muri-bibiliya-ubu-ushobora</ref> === 4. Pure Olive oil (Huile d'Olive Pur) === Nubwo izina ryayo risa n'irivuga ko ari amavuta meza atavangiye, siko bimeze na gato! Impamvu ni uko nyuma yo gukoresha uburyo bw'ubushyuhe n'ibinyabutabire, ayabonetse atameze neza nk'uko babitekerezaga niyo afatwa akavangwa na make mu meza ya mbere cyangwa aya kabiri kugira ngo agerageze kuboneka nk'ameza. Utwo twongewemo tugira icyo tuyamarira mu kongeramo vitamin E. Aya mavuta yifashishwa mu guteka, gukorera umubiri massage ndetse no gukora amavuta yo kwisiga yo mu bimera.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230227161015/https://agakiza.org/Twirinde-ibitumarira-amavuta-Pastor-Desire-Habyarimana.html</ref><ref>https://yegob.rw/mukobwamusore-ibyo-kurya-byagufasha-kugira-uruhu-rwiza/</ref> === 5. Olive Pomace Oil. === [[Dosiye:Italian olive oil 2007.jpg|thumb|Olive pomace oil|203x203px]] Mbere yo kuvuga kuri ubu bwoko bwa gatanu, ndagira ngo mujye mureba ku macupa menshi y'ayo mugura muzasanga ari aya, aya mavuta yo aboneka akuwe mu mbuto z'ibijonjorwa mu zindi zose ndetse n'ibikatsi byasigaye bakamura ayo muri buriya bwoko bwose bwa mbere (Imbuto z'ibijonjorwa n'ibikatsi). Ibi birafatwa bigakamuzwa ubushyuhe bwinshi, hagashyirwamo n'ibinyabutabire kugira ngo habonekemo amavuta. Hari ubwo naho bongeramo uduke twiza ngo tuyahe impumuro tuyongerere n'ububasha. aya niyo aba ahendutse ku masoko bitewe n'uburyo aboneka. aya mavuta yifashishwa mu gusukūra ibintu (nko gusīga intebe, utubati), si meza ku buryo yaribwa gusa rimwe na rimwe ajya akoreshwa mu guteka ibikenera ubushyuhe bwinshi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/gukomera-mu-ntoki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227161017/https://umutihealth.com/gukomera-mu-ntoki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] 54fts4p1ktl5j32avv6duqyfu32b2ns 0 14397 119150 111678 2024-12-13T09:35:36Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119150 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nigerian Sesame seeds the superfood rich in livegiving nutrients.jpg|thumb|sezame.|121x121px]] [[Dosiye:Ary-qrichlat ronds michots.JPG|thumb|umugati uriho sezame|122x122px]] [[Dosiye:Bagel with sesame 3.jpg|left|thumb]] sezame birakize cyane mu myunyu ngugu. Manyeziyumu, ubutare, potasiyumu, Vitamines zo mu bwoko bwa A, B,C. Urugimbu rwa byo ni rwiza, bifite isukari nziza, n'inyubaka-mubiri ziri hagati ya 16-27%. Birakize mu byitwa soufre ishinzwe kwica uburozi buri mu maraso mu buryo rusange cyane cyane mu mwijima bitewe n'uko sezame n'ubunyobwa bikungahaye mu ntunga-mubiri, ni byiza kurya nkeya kuko zibaye nyinshi zaburagiza imyanya ishinzwe kunoza ibyo kurya. Mu ngano zisanzwe harimo inyubaka-mubiri 11,5%, umumero wa zo ukagira 28%.<ref name=":0">https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/akamaro-ka-sezame-ku-mikorere-y-ubwonko</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/10/akamaro-12-ka-sezame-ku-mubiri-wa-muntu.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227192621/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/10/akamaro-12-ka-sezame-ku-mubiri-wa-muntu.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230227192623/https://agakiza.org/Sobanukirwa-akamaro-ka-sesame-mu-mubiri.html</ref> == akamaro ka sezame ku mikorere y’ubwonko == * Imbuto za Sezame zifitiye akamaro gakomeye ubwonko kuko ziha imbaraga uruhererekane nyoborabwenge (Systeme nerveux), zituma kandi umuntu agira gutekereza vuba kandi neza, bigafasha abantu bakora akazi kabasaba gukoresha ubwonko cyane (nk’akazi ko mu biro).<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/menya-ibyiza-bya-sesame-n-ibyo-kwitondera-kuri-yo</ref> * Imbuto za Sezame kandi ziba nziza ku bana bakiri bato kuko zifasha kugira ubushobozi bwo gufata mu mutwe bityo bigatuma biga neza.Abashakashatsi bavuga ko abana bariye izi mbuto bakiri bato bibafasha gutsinda amasomo akomera nk’aya siyansi.<ref name=":0" />[[Dosiye:Sesame plants.jpg|thumb|128x128px|ibimera byeraho sesame]] * [[Dosiye:Sesame Seed.jpg|thumb|Sezame|144x144px]]Izi mbuto za Sezame zisukura imitsi y’amaraso yo mu bwonko bigatuma amaraso atembera neza mu bwonko bityo ukaba wirinze indwara ziterwa no kudatembera neza kw’amaraso mu bwonko.<ref name=":0" /> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] 9bgxvoa8sy66cmkpid0puwrbci4wopl 0 14418 119093 111174 2024-12-13T02:53:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119093 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Green mango tree.jpg|thumb|Ibibabi by'umwembe.|176x176px]] [[Dosiye:Baramati, Maharashtra, India. 28 Mango leaves.jpg|thumb|Ibibabi by'umwembe|168x168px]] [[Dosiye:-Mango -Salem special -Fruits.jpg|left|thumb]] umwembe ni igiti kigira amababi afasha muri byinshi haba mu ibidukikije, buvuzi, hari imwe mu ndwara zihangayikisha abazirwaye dore ko nta n’umuti uhamye uyivura burundu ni indwara ya diyabete. Iyi ndwara iterwa nuko igipimo cy’isukari mu maraso cyazamutse cyangwa we ikorwa rya insulin ryagabanyutse itera uyirwaye guhora afata imiti umunsi ku wundi cyangwa yitera inshinge buri munsi Bumwe mu buryo bwo guhangana na yo ni uguhindura imirire no gukora siporo. ibibabi by’imyembe bikagufasha kugabanya uburemere bw’indwara. Ibi biterwa nuko muri byo harimo amoko anyuranye ya anthocyanidins zifasha mu guhangana na yo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ibibabi-byimyembe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228100907/https://umutihealth.com/ibibabi-byimyembe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://umuryango.rw/opinion/article/akamaro-ko-kurya-umwembe-ufatwa-nk-umwami-w-izindi-mbuto</ref><ref name=":2">https://web.archive.org/web/20230228100902/https://www.agakiza.org/Akamaro-gakomeye-k-umwembe-ku-mubiri-wacu.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/07/umwembe-rumwe-mu-rubuto-rukungahaye-ku.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228100904/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/07/umwembe-rumwe-mu-rubuto-rukungahaye-ku.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/urubuto-rwumwembe-rukungahaye-kuri.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228100905/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/urubuto-rwumwembe-rukungahaye-kuri.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://yegob.rw/akamaro-ko-kurya-umwembe-ufatwa-nkumwami-wizindi-mbuto/</ref><ref>https://umwezi.rw/?p=9746</ref> [[Dosiye:Mango tree leaves.jpg|thumb|ibibazi byumwembe|144x144px]] === Ibidukikije: === ibibabi by’imyembe afasha mu gukora ifumbire nziza kandi ifite ibicyenewe byose.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/dore-impamvu-zatuma-umwembe-utabura-ku-ifunguro-ryawe</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/menya-zimwe-mu-ndwara-zivurwa-n-ibibabi-by-umwembe</ref> === Mu kuvura === * Ibibabi 15 bibisi by’umwembe bikiri bito * [[Dosiye:GREEN MANGO (6).jpg|thumb|Imyembe|173x173px]]Ibikombe 4 (litiro imwe) by’amazi<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> === '''Uko bikorwa''' === * Canira ya mazi arimo bya bibabi wabanje kubisukura , ubikore nimugoroba * Namara kubira uterure ubike bipfundikiye kugeza mu gitondo * Mu gitondo utaragira ikindi ushyira mu nda, yungurura unywe ya mazi uyamare. Ibi ubikora buri munsi mu gihe byibuze cy’amezi abiri. Utabashije kujya ubona ibibabi buri munsi, urabyanika ugakoramo ifu, ukajya ukoresha ibiyiko bibiri byayo muri Litiro y’[[amazi]]. Uretse kandi kurwanya diyabete bizanafasha.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> * [[Dosiye:Mango and cross sections.jpg|thumb|197x197px|Imyembe Ihiye]]Gusukura mu gifu * Kurwanya zimwe mu ndwara z’umutima ziterwa nuko imitsi isa n’iyazibye * Kugabanya ibiro * Kurwanya uburibwe cyane cyane bw’umutwe * Kugabanya ibicece na ya nda yitwa nyakubahwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] ahkgtidr26qlqyj8iozf8jj2htlnn1z 0 14441 119123 116127 2024-12-13T04:27:58Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119123 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vigna unguiculata subsp.sesquipedalis-2-veerapandy-coimbatore-India.jpg|thumb|umuteja ku bishyimbo]] [[Dosiye:Vigna unguiculata habit7.jpg|thumb|igishyimbo k'umuteja]] [[Dosiye:Green_Beans,_greengrocers_display,_Redruth,_Cornwall_-_October_2022.jpg|thumb|Imiteja ]] [[Dosiye:Fresh Vegetables 2.jpg|thumb|imiteja irikumwe nizidi mboga]] [[Dosiye:Whole Foods salt and pepper green beans - November 2023 - Sarah Stierch.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Green Beans 2.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Green beans 169clue.jpg|thumb|Green beans ]] [[Dosiye:Green beans in a wooden box.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Green beans - Würzburg market - DSC02958.JPG|thumb|Green beans ]] [[Dosiye:Green beans - Würzburg market - DSC02958.JPG|thumb|Green beans ]] '''Imboga z'Imiteja''' Imiteja ni imboga zikunze kuboneka rimwe na rimwe ku mafunguro dufata, si ibishyimbo bitarera nkuko bamwe bajya babitekereza ahubwo ni ibyo kurya biribwa uko, kandi hari ubwoko bwaganewe kuribwa ari imiteja, kuri ubu hariho amoko arenga 150.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/imiteja/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228210454/https://umutihealth.com/imiteja/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Nubwo wacyeka ko ihuje intungamubiri n’ibishyimbo nyamara sibyo kuko yo ni ifunguro riri ukwaryo kandi rifite intungamubiri ryihariye. [[Dosiye:Vegetable shop in Maddur.jpg|thumb|imiteja]] == '''Akamaro k’Imiteja''' == [[Dosiye:Beans farm plantation.jpg|thumb|220x220px]] Imiteja ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri na za vitamine zinyuranye, aho muri 100g zayo usangamo;41 Calories,8g z’ibitera imbaraga,4g za fibres,1g y’isukari na 2g za poroteyine Tunasangamo kandi vitamin A, C na K. sizo gusa kuko tunasangamo vitamin B1, B2, B6, B9 n’imyunyungugu nk’ubutare, potasiyumu, silicon, kalisiyumu, manganese, umuringa  na manyeziyumu.Uretse kuba iryoha rero, inafatiye runini umubiri wacu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2020/11/akamaro-k-harimo-no-kugabanya-ibyago.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228210459/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2020/11/akamaro-k-harimo-no-kugabanya-ibyago.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0" />Kuko imiteja ikungahaye kuri flavonoids ni myiza mu kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umutima. Izi flavonoid zizwiho kurinda amaraso kuvura bityo bikaba byiza mu gutuma amaraso atembera neza,Kurya imiteja bigabanya utubyimba tuza mu mara dushobora kubyara kanseri y’amara. Kugabanya utwo tubyimba rero bifasha mu kurinda iyo kanseri kuko aritwo tuyibyara. Si ibyo gusa kuko no kuba harimo fibre bifasha igogorwa kugenda neza bikarinda amara kuba yananirwa,<ref name=":2">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/indwara-mozayike-ifata-imiteja-ni-mbi-cyane</ref>Diyabete ni indwara isaba ko uyirwaye ahora acungana n’igipimo cy’isukari mu maraso ye. Kurya imiteja rero bigaragara ko bifasha aba barwayi kuringaniza iki gipimo. Mu cyimbo cyo gufata indi miti niba bitararenga inkombe, kurya imiteja ku buryo buhoraho byagufasha guhangana n’iyi ndwara. == Ibindi Wamenya == Mu ntungamubiri ziri mu imiteja dusangamo calcium ikaba izwiho kurinda amagufa kwangirika no gutuma akomera.Harimo na vitamin A, K na silicon. Ibi iyo bibaye bicye ingaruka ziba kudakomera kw’amagufa, kutaremera kwayo no kwangirika byoroshye,Silicon ni umunyungugu udakunze kuboneka mu biribwa byinshi nyamara mu miteja ubonekamo ku rwego rwo hejuru, uyu munyu ukaba ariwo utuma amagufa yisana iyo hagize ikiyangiza.Ku bagore bari mu myaka yo kubyara, kurya ibikungahaye ku  utare bibongerera uburumbuke ndetse bikanafasha gusama umwana uzira ubusembwa n’ubumuga.<ref name=":0" />Ubutare bukaba buboneka mu miteja ku gipimo cyiza. Gusa birushaho kuba ingenzi iyo uvanze imiteja n’irindi funguro rikungahaye kuri vitamin C nka poivron inyanya n’inkeri kuko iyi vitamin ituma ubutare bubasha gukoreshwa neza mu mubiri Si ibyo gusa kuko iyo umugore atwite aba akeneye vitamin B9 ihagije mu kurinda abo batwite kuvukana ubumuga bw’urutirigongo. Kurya imiteja ni kimwe mu byongera iyi vitamin mu mubiri.<ref name=":1" />Kubona vitamin B9 ihagije ni kimwe mu birinda bikanarwanya indwara yo kwiheba no kwigunga.Si ibyo gusa kuko binarinda ko homocysteine yaba nyinshi kuko ubwinshi bwayo bubuza amaraso n’izindi ntungamubiri kugera mu bwonko.Ubwinshi bwa homocysteine kandi butuma imisemburo yo kumva utuje idakorwa ariyo serotonin, dopamine na noradrenaline ikaba imisemburo itera kumererwa neza, kuruhuka no kugira appetite, ibi byose bikaba bitabaho iyo ufite indwara yo kwiheba no kwigunga,Mu miteja harimo lutein na zeaxanthin zose zizwiho kuba ingenzi mu mikorere y’amaso. Uko izi flavonoids ziba nyinshi ni nako imikorere y’amaso igenda iba myiza, kandi kuba harimo vitamin A mu miteja bituma iba ingenzi mu kurinda ubuhumyi cyane cyane bwa nijoro,<ref name=":0" />Nkuko byabonetse mu miteja dusangamo vitamin C na za flavonoids ibi byose bikaba bifatanya mu kongerera ingufu ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri. Si ibyo gusa kuko hanarimo ibisohora uburozi mu mubiri ari bwo bushobora gutera indwara zinyuranye harimo kanseri n’izindi. Urugero rwa flavonoid twavuga zibonekamo harimo catechins zirwanya guturika kw’imitsi, beta-carotene zifite akamaro kanyuranye mu mubiri. == Mozayike indwara ifata imiteja == Ibimenyetso biyigaragaza, usanga amababi y’ibishyimbo azaho ibibara by’umuhondo kandi akihinahina areba hasi. Imiteja irihina kandi ikagaragara nk’isize amavuta. Ku mababi no ku miteja hagaragaraho utubara duto dusa n’umuhondo.Iyi ndwara ikwirakwira vuba kuko virusi yayo ikwirakwizwa n’imbuto zirwaye hamwe n’inda “aphdis”. Kuba igihingwa kirwaye cyakora ku kitwarwaye nabyo bituma ikitarwaye kiyandura.<ref name=":2" />Mu kuyirwanya umuhinzi agomba gutera imbuto z’indobanure kandi zihanganira ubwo burwayi. Gukoresha imiti irwanya inda ku miteja nka methomyl cyangwa dimethoate nabyo birwanya iyi ndwara; nk’uko tubisanga mu gitabo cya NAEB kivuga ku byonnyi n’indwara by’imboga n’imbuto.Ikindi umuhinzi yakora ni ukurandura igihingwa kigaragayeho uburwayi mu murima. Ikindi kandi umuhinzi agomba gutunganya imbuto zigiye guterwa akoresheje umuti witwa imidacloprid urinda inda zikwirakwiza virusi, akawukoresha byibura kugera aho uruyange rugaragariye.<ref name=":2" />Bimwe mubyo kwitondera kumiteja Nubwo imiteja ari ibyo kurya bifite intungamubiri zihagije kandi zifitiye runini umubiri, hari ibyo ukwiye kuzirikana no kwitondera;Mu miteja dusangamo phytic acid, iyi rero iyo ibaye nyinshi ishobora gutuma umubiri utinjiza izindi ntungamubiri. Akenshi ibuza ko umubiri winjiza calcium, zinc n’indi myunyungugu inyuranye. Gusa ntiboneka ku bwinshi mu miteja, ariko niba hari uburwayi ufite butuma imyunyungugu idakora neza mu mubiri wawe, wayigabanya mu byo kurya byawe. Gusa kuko kuyiteka bigabanya iyi acid, niba ufite ikibazo cy’ubwo burwayi, wayirya itetse kurenza ko wayirya nka salade,<ref name=":0" />Mu moko menshi y’ibishyimbo dusangamo lectin, iyi ikaba ishobora gufata kuri poroteyine zinyuranye nuko bikabangamira igogorwa. Mu miteja habamo nkeya ariko ibamo. Kimwe na phytic acid, guteka imiteja cyangwa kubanza kuyinika mu mazi igihe kirekire bigabanya igipimo cya lectin. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] elj49yh66tjb8cydok8x71zotklgzur 0 14480 119149 91861 2024-12-13T08:33:18Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119149 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paluku Rene Pedro''' ni umunyamakuru wa siporo wa bigize umwuga mu mikino. PAluku Rene Pedro yakoze kubitangazamakuru bitandukanye nka RadioTV1 yaje nogukora kuri Cuty radio. Paluku Rene Pedro akaba yarabonye ibihembo bitandukanye, aho yahembwe nku munyamakuru wafashije mu kurwanya ruswa. Paluku Rene Pedro ni umufana wa Arsenal yo mu gihugu cy' [[ubwongereza]] ku mugabane w'iburayi. Paluku Rene Pedro akora muri StarTimes aho ashizwe itangazamakuru, yagiye aherekeza ikipe y'igihugu y'umupira wa maguru yu Rwanda [[Amavubi|Amavubu]], ndetse na n'amakipe ya ma club, aho yabaga yasohotse hanze yigihugu, yagiye gukina.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umusingi.org/archives/16797 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301041422/https://www.umusingi.org/archives/16797 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/93859/urwego-rwumuvunyi-rwahembye-abanyamakuru-bakoze-inkuru-nziza-zirwanya-ruswa-kurusha-izaban-93859.html</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwamamaza/article/filime-ururabo-rwo-mu-ishyamba-igice-cya-2-yahageze</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/hatangiye-kwerekanwa-igice-cya-kabiri-cya-filime-ya-wild-flower</ref><ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/sinema/article/seburikoko-yahawe-igihembo-muri-filime-zerekanwa-kuri-televiziyo</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/160660/News/media-awards-tntas-donah-mbabazi-crowned-journalist-of-the-year/amp</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] i3dee4q6b68ueifucg0n1vlaz8uq1t7 0 14550 119161 116087 2024-12-13T11:38:34Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119161 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Plantain_Flower.jpg|thumb|Igitoki cyigararagaza umwanana |249x249px]] [[Dosiye:Plantain flower.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Banana inflorescence, partially opened.jpg|thumb|Umwanana]] [[Dosiye:Plantain flower 155.jpg|thumb|Plantain flower ]] [[Dosiye:Plantain flower.jpg|thumb|Plantain flower]] [[Dosiye:Plantain flowers.jpg|thumb|Plantain flowers]] [[Dosiye:അപൂർവ്വ വാഴ 3.jpg|thumb|Umwanana]] [[Dosiye:Plantain flower (5363130511).jpg|thumb|Umwanana]] Igice cyo ku mutwe w'igitoki cyitwa umwanana cyangwa umukwanana ,cya kindi inzuki zikunda guhahiraho ni igice abantu benshi bakeka ko nta kamaro namba gifite ,ariko umuntu wamenye ibanga ryacyo ,atangazwa n'umumaro w'indashyikirwa wacyo. == Tumenye Umwanana == Umuntu wifuza gufungura imboga zikomoka ku mwanana, awufata akawukuraho ibishishwa by’inyuma byose bitukura agasigarana agace k’imbere (gasa n’umweru).Uturabyo twari kuba twaravuyemo igitoki umuntu asanga mu mwanana uko akuraho buri gishishwa, na two ngo baradufata bakadususuraho agace ko hejuru kaba karimo utuzi tumeze nk’ubuki tugashyirwa hamwe n’izo mboga.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/umwanana-w-insina-ufite-intungamubiri-nk-iz-inyama-cyangwa-ibihumyo-ubushakashatsi</ref>Umuntu amaze gususura wa mwanana n’uturabyo twawo, ahita asuka amazi mu gikoresho, agashyiramo umunyu ungana nk’uwo yarunga mu mafunguro agiye kuribwa, cyangwa agashyiramo indimu, ubundi agakekeramo umwanana yatunganyije.Ushobora kubishyira muri ayo mazi arimo umunyu nka mu gitondo bikamaramo amasaha arenze abiri, ariko icyiza ni uko wabishyiramo nimugoroba bikararamo ukazabiteka bukeye bwaho, ibi bigamije gukamuramo amakakama.<ref name=":0" />Kaminuza Gatolika ya Kabgayi (ICK) yatangaje ubushakashatsi yakoze kuva mu mwaka wa 2020, buvuga ko umwanana w’igitoki ari ikiribwa kiryoshye kandi gifite intungamubiri nk’iz’inyama cyangwa ibihumyo.Umushakashatsi wa ICK agaragaza ko abantu badafite amafaranga yo kugura inyama, bashobora kwifashisha umwanana ukababera ikiribwa gikungahaye cyane mu byubaka umubiri (protein). == Umwanana mu kuvura uburwayi butandukanye == [[Dosiye:Plantain flower (5363130511).jpg|thumb|Umwanana]] Umwanana ukaba ushobora kuvura uburwayi butandukanye ndetse no kurinda umubiri bimwe mu bibazo n'uburwayi buwibasira.Byagaragaye ko umwanana ushobora kuvura bumwe mu burwayi nka Diyabete aho ufasha mu kuringaniza ikigero cy'isukari mu mubiri ,ibyo bikaba bishobora kurinda ingaruka ziterwa na Diyabete harimo ubuhumyi ,Ibinya mu maguru n'amaboko n'ibindi byinshi.Umwanana ukungahaye ku mavitamini ya C,A,E ndetse n'imyunyungugu nka potasiyumu.Gufasha mu igogorwa ry'ibiryo Umwanana ukungahaye ku bizwi nka fibers bifasha mu koroshya igogorwa bityo ukaba ari umuti mwiza wo kuvura ikibazo cya Constipation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2021/06/akamaro-gatangaje-k-ndetse-ushobora-no.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301211509/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2021/06/akamaro-gatangaje-k-ndetse-ushobora-no.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>Kurinda no gukomeza nyababyeyi''','''Abagore benshi bakunda kugira ibibazo bitandukanye mu myanya myibarukiro ,ahanini mu bice bya nyababyeyi ,umwanana ukaba uzwiho kurinda no gukomeza nyababyeyi ku buryo umuntu ukunda kurya bimwe mu bice biwugize bivanze n'ubundi bwoko bw'ibimera,Uyu muntu uwukoresha ntagira ibibazo bitandukanye byo muri nyababyeyi ,ugereranyije n'abatawukoresha,umwanana ukaba ukoreshwa watetswe mu mazi ,hanyuma umuntu akanywa amazi yawuvuyemo.<ref name=":0" />Umwanana ushobora kugabanya ububabare mu gihe cy'imihango,Ububabare bwo mu gihe cy'imihango bushobora kugabanywa no gukoresha amazi yaturutse ku mwanana ,ibyo bikaba biterwa nuko ubasha kuringaniza umusemburo progesterone ufasha mu kugabanya ububabare mu gihe cy'imihango.Ushobora kongera amashereka ku babyeyi bonsa,Kurya umwanana ku mugore wonsa byongera amashereka nkuko byatangajwe n'ikinyamakuru cya Healthline ,kurya umwanana ku mubyeyi wonsa bishobora gutuma abona amashereka ahagije ku mwana .<ref name=":1" />Kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije (hypertension),Umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije ni uburwayi bongera bwiyongera mu bantu bitewe n'imibereho igenda ihinduka ,hari uburyo wakwivura ubu burwayi bwa hypertension bushobora kuvurwa na bimwe mu bimera muri byo harimo n'umwanana. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umuti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 5rfzs7pmub00jnt4bvpki7chm7qsqyl 0 14554 119098 115339 2024-12-13T03:12:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119098 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fruit Stall in Barcelona Market.jpg|thumb|Ibyongera amaraso|292x292px]] Hari amoko atandukanye y’ibiribwa byongera amaraso ,umubiri wa muntu ukenera amaraso kugira ngo ubeho ,iyo amaraso yabaye make ,umuntu ahura n’ibibazo bitandukanye birimo kugira ibimenyetso nko kugira isereri ,guhumeka nabi ,guhorana umunaniro ,kunanirwa guturiza hamwe nibindi bimenyetso bigaragaza uburwayi bwa Anemia. == Habaho gukenera ibyo kurya byongera amaraso byagenze gute == [[Dosiye:Viburnum opulus fruits close-up - Keila.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum 9zz.jpg|thumb]] Bitewe n’ubuzima bw’iki gihe aho usanga benshi bahorana stress, guhangayika no kumara igihe kinini bicaye, byose bigira uruhare runini mu mikorere mibi y’umubiri. Ikibazo benshi bakunda kugira ni igabanuka rya hemoglobin. Hemoglobin ni proteyine zikungahaye ku butare (iron/fer) ziboneka mu nsoro zitukura z’amaraso.Iyo urugero rwa hemoglobin rwagabanutse, bishobora gutera guhora unaniwe, gucika intege, kuribwa umutwe ndetse no guhumeka gahoro. Iyo rugabanutse ku buryo bukomeye niho bitera indwara yo kubura amaraso izwi nka anemia.<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ibyo-kurya-7-byagufasha-kongera-amaraso</ref>Mu maraso habonekamo ibyitwa Hemoglobine ,iyi hemoglobine niyo igira uruhare runini mu gutwara umwuka mwiza wa Ogisojemi ,iyo amaraso yagabanutse ni hemoglobin iba yagabanutse kandi iyi hemoglobin dushbora kuyikura mu biribwa bibobekamo ubutare bwa fer.Ibyo biribwa bikungahaye ku butare bwa fer nibyo byongera amaraso ku muntu ubirya ,akenshi usanga abantu badakunda bene ubu bwoko bw’ibiribwa tugiye kuvuga bakunda gyhorana ibibazo by’amaraso make buretse ko hari n’ababihorana bitewe n’uburwayi bafite nk’indwara ya kanseri ,uburwayi bw’impyiko n’ubundi bwinshi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/06/ibiribwa-11-bitandukanye-byongera.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301215542/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/06/ibiribwa-11-bitandukanye-byongera.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Tabasco peppers.JPG|thumb|urusenda]] == Tumenye Ubwoko bwibyo Kurya byongera Amaraso == [[Dosiye:Assamveggie.jpg|thumb|imboga]] Ibikungahaye cyane kuri vitamin C,Vitamin C ni ingenzi cyane mu kwinjiza ubutare mu mubiri. Umubiri ntufite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kwinjiza ubwawo ubutare ariyo mpamvu bukenera ikiwufasha, niho vitamin C yitabazwa.Amacunga, indimu, inyanya, inkeri n’ izindi mbuto bimeze kimwe (berries), urusenda, poivron ni bimwe mu bikungahaye ku rugero ruhagije rwa vitamin C,Folic acid (cg se vitamin B9) ni vitamin yitabazwa mu ikorwa ry’ insoro zitukura z’amaraso mu mubiri. Iyo umubiri ufite urugero ruri hasi rwa folic acid bitera kugira urugero ruri hasi rwa hemoglobin.Amafunguro ibonekamo cyane ni ibishyimbo byumye, ubunyobwa, broccoli, imineke, inyama y’ umwijima, imboga rwatsi n’ibindi.<ref name=":0" />Beterave ni bimwe mu bifasha kongera cyane urugero rwa hemoglobin mu mubiri. Zikungahaye cyane ku butare, folic acid, potasiyumu na fibre.Beterave zoroshye kuzikoramo umutobe, wagufasha gutuma amaraso yawe ahora ku rugero rukwiye.Watermelon ni imbuto nziza cyane zifasha kongera urugero rwa hemoglobin, ahanini bitewe nuko zikize cyane ku butare na vitamin C bituma kwinjiza ubutare mu mubiri bikorwa neza kandi mu buryo bwihuse.Imboga,Imbwija, imboga rwatsi, epinari, celeri n’ izindi zifasha kongera urugero rwa hemoglobin. Zikungahaye cyane ku butare na folic acid bifasha mu ikorwa ry’insoro zitukura z’amaraso.Inzuzi z’ibihaza,zibonekamo urugero rukenerwa ku munsi rw’ ubutare (miligarama 8) ndetse na kalisiyumu, manganese na manyesiyumu bihagije.<ref name=":2">https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/nutangira-kubona-ibi-bimenyetso-uzamenye-ko-amaraso-yawe-yatangiye-kugabanuka</ref>Ibyo kurya birimo polyphenols na tannins nk’icyayi, ikawa, ibyo kurya nka soya na cocoa bibuza umubiri kwinjiza ubutare. Ni ngombwa kubifata ku rugero ruri hasi mu gihe hemoglobin yawe iri ku rugero rwo hasi.Imboga za Epinari,Imboga za epinari ziza ku mwanya wa mbere mu biribwa bikungahaye ku butare bwa fer .kuzirya bituma ubona ingano ihagije y’ubu butare bityo bigatuma utandukana n’ikibazo cy’amaraso make .muri garama 1oo z’imboga za epinari mbisi dusangamo garama 2.7 z’ubutare bwa fer.byinshi ku kamaro k’imboga za epinari soma: Akamaro 13 k’imboga za Epinari. == Ibindi mubyo Kurya byongera Amaraso == [[Dosiye:Rubus caesius fruit - Keila.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Juniperus communis fruits - Keila.jpg|thumb]] Tofu,Tofu ibonekamo ubu butare ku kigero cya 19% cy’ingano yabwo umubiri ukenera ku munsi ,kubera ko tofu ikorwa muri soya nyinshi bituma iba ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri zo mu bwoko bwa poroteyine bituma iba nziza ku mubiri wa muntu.<ref name=":1" />Lantiye,Lantiye nazo zibonekamo ubutare bwa fer nkenerwa ku mubiri wa muntu ,lantiye kandi zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri zitanduaknye bituma ziba ikiribwa cyiza ku munyu ukirya.Amagi,Amagi nayo akungahaye ku butare bwa fer ,umuntu ukunda kurya amagi atandukana n’uburwayi bwa anemia bwo kugira amaraso make.Inyama y’ingurube,Inyama y’ingurube .ikundwana na benshi burya nayo ibonekamo ubutare bwa fer ku kigero kiri hejuru ,si ibyo gusa ,inakungahaye ku zindi ntungamubiri zirimo na poroteyine.Imboga zo mu bwoko bwa Borokoli Imboga za borokoli (broccoli ) nazo zikungahaye ku butare bwa fer zikaba ari na nziza cyane kuzigaburira abana bato kubera intungamubiri tuzisangamo ,nkubu imboga za borokoli zibonekamo Vitamini C ku kigero cya 112 % by’umubiri ukenera ku munsi.ukeneye gusobanukirwa n’akamaro k’imboga za brokoli : Akamaro gatangaje k’imboga za Broccoli(borokoli),<ref name=":2" />Inyama y’umwijima,Inyama y’umwijima burya nayo ikungahaye ku butare bwa fer ,ninayo mpamvu burya abantu bakunze kuyirya kubera ko bavumbuye iryo banga ryo kongera amaraso.Ibishyimbo,Cyane cyane ibishyimbo by’irabura. burya bikungahaye ku butare bwa fer no ku zindi ntungamubiri nkenerwa ku buzima bwawe.Imbuto z’ibihaza,Imbuto z’ibihaza nazo ni ingenzi cyane mu mirire ya muntu .izi mbuto zikungahaye ku butare bwa fer no ku zindi ntungamubiri zitandukanye.Byinshi ku mbuto z’ibihaza soma: Akamaro k’inzuzi z’ibihaza.<ref name=":0" />Shokola y’irabura,Shokola y’irabura ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri zitandukanye harimo n’ubutare bwa fer ,mkubu garama 28 zayo ziboneka fer ingana na garama 3.3 byinshi kuri shokola soma Akamaro 8 ka shokora ku mubiri wa muntu.na Beterave,Beterave nayp ikungahaye ku butare bwa fer ,beterave ishobora gushyirwa mu birtyo cyangwa igakorwamo agatobe ushobora kunywa ,ukanafasoza ku biryo ukaronka intungamubiri ziyibonekamo.Muri rusange ,umuntu wese akenera kurya ibiryo bikungahaye ku butare bwa fer ,ni byiza ko mu mafunguro yawe habonekamo ikiribwa kirimo ubu butare ,iki kibazo cyo kugira amaraso make gikunze kwibasira benshi kandi byagakwiye kwirindwa bita ku mirire yabo. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] sti5g9nkll7x8xhbrncz6z6ath6z7vh 0 14620 119157 113377 2024-12-13T11:20:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119157 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Starr 050224-4420 Achyranthes aspera var. aspera.jpg|thumb|Umuhurura|241x241px]] [[Dosiye:Achyranthes aspera kz1.jpg|thumb|Umuhurura]] [[Dosiye:Achyranthes aspera Nepal 08.JPG|thumb|Umuhurura]] [[Dosiye:Achyranthes aspera 5.jpg|thumb]] '''Umuhurura''' '''utarandaranda''' ni ikimera cy'ifashishwa mu kuvura irwara zitandukanye, kuko nka mabababi y'muhurura uyarambika aharwaye igisebe kigakira, afasha mukuvura ishaza ryo mujisho, uvuguta amababi ugakamura ikijojoba muri buri jisho, inda y'umugore utwite yenda kuvamo, iyo uwuseku mu isekuru maze ugashiramo amazi nka litiro, uvura ububabare, mugihe uhekenye amababi yawo, ukavura kubyimba umwijima ibitetse muri litiro y'amazi ukannya igice cy'ikirahure mu by'umweru 3, Umuhururura ufasha mukuvura irwara z'uruhu, Umuhurura ufite imyungu ngugu, Umuhurura urirwa nkimboga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/iihango-yumugore-mu-gihe-cyo-kubyara/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227141854/https://rw.amateka.net/iihango-yumugore-mu-gihe-cyo-kubyara/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plants_by_category.php?id=3</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqYeP2PtkO4</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqYeP2PtkO4</ref> === amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 93bb34j1f1u6o9ihqv4fwbh7vlzunl5 0 14671 119160 113551 2024-12-13T11:36:28Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119160 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tree with red apples in Barkedal 4.jpg|thumb|Umuzibaziba|240x240px]] [[Dosiye:A red seed on tree.jpg|thumb|imbuto zumuzibazi]] '''Umuzibaziba''' ni igiti kikaba igiti cyangwa [[Ikimera]] kivura ibintu bitandukanye nko kuribwa munda cyane mugihe cy'imihango . Imizi, igiti, igishishwa cyangwa ikivuvu cy'Umuzibaziba biravura, yewe amababi cyangwa imbuto byose by'Umuzibaziba ni umuti uvura. guteka Umuzibaziba mu mazi ukabinnya ni umuti uvura kutagira ububabare mugihe cy'imihango, imitezi no kuviramo imbere munda. Umuzibaziba uvura na maraliya. Umuzibaziba uvura ibisebe by'imifunzo ndetse nibindi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527084119/https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/suitable-tree/kinyarwanda/umuzibaziba</ref><ref>https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=223</ref><ref>http://www.ethnopharmacologia.org/recherche-dans-prelude/?plant_id=4010</ref> [[Dosiye:Sapium insigne.jpg|thumb]] == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] tsvhqn3rmdamvuj0018i7ukwaon0fkz 0 14710 119133 104620 2024-12-13T05:02:28Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119133 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ayam kampung free range chicken meat Indonesia.JPG|thumb|inyama z'inkoko ziri ku isahani.]] [[File:Chicken for meat.jpg|thumb|Chicken for meat]] Mu biguruka biribwa inkoko iza ku mwanya w’imbere. Ni mu gihe kuko iri mu biguruka byororwa kandi ikaba urugero rwiza rw’inyama z’umweru. Inkoko nyamara kandi kuri ubu zisigaye zituburwa, umwimerere wazo ukagenda ugabanyuka. Muri iyi nkuru tugiye kuvuga umwihariko w’inyama z’inkoko gusa turavuga inkoko y’umwimerere, itari ya yindi igaburirwa igakura mu mezi abiri, ahubwo ya nkoko itungwa no gutora, ikaraha ibyo irya, imwe ikunze kwitwa inyarwanda. Muri garama 100 z’iyi nyama dusangamo ingufu zingana na 215kCal, garama 18 za poroteyine, garama 15 z’ibinure, 75mg za cholesterol. Dusangamo imyunyungugu nka kalisiyumu, ubutare, magnesium, phosphore, potasiyumu na sodiyumu ndetse na zinc. Muri vitamin habonekamo vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B9, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E na vitamin K.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/inyama-yinkoko |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806131256/https://umutihealth.com/inyama-yinkoko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Akamaro kayo kubuzima == [[Dosiye:Meat market at New Market, Kolkata 03.jpg|thumb|Inyama y'inkoko mu gihe bari kuyibaga.]] === Gutuma umuntu agubwa neza ndetse akumva afie ibyishimo === mu nyama y'inkoko dusangamo amono acide ya tryptophan ,iyi ikaba igira uruhare runini mu gutuma umubiri uvubura umusemburo utera ibyishimo wa serotonine ,bityo kurya inyama y'inkoko bituma wumva wishimye . Amiino acide ni kamwe mu duce kagize intungamubiri zo mu bwoko bwa poroteyine ,ninatwo dukoreshwa n'umubiri mu kubaka no gusana ahangiritse ndetse mu kurema uturemangingo dushya. === Inyama z'inkoko zikungahanye ku ntungamubiri nyinshi cyane === mu nyama z'inkoko dusangamo vitamini B12 ,tugasangamo nindi ntungamubiri yitwa choline ,iyi choline ikaba ifasha mu kurema ubwonko bw'umwana uri mu nda arinabyo bisobanur uburyo inyama y'inkoko ari nziza ku mugore utwite. [[Dosiye:Grilled meat - chicken legs near Hostákov, Vladislav, Třebíč District.jpg|thumb|Inyama y'inkoko yokeje.]] kandi nanone iyi ntungamubiri ya choline inaboneka mu magi ariko ntikunze kuboneka mu biribwa byibshi buretse inyama y'inkoko n'amagi gusa. === gukomeza no kubaka imikaya === mu nyma z'inkoko dusangamo intungamubiri zo mu bwoko bwa poroteyine ,ari nazo zifasha umubiri kubaka no gukomeza imikaya . umuntu urya inkoko agira imikaya myiza kandi ifite imbaraga ,ibyo byose akabikesha ziriya poroteyine ziboneka mu nyama z'inkoko. === Gukomeza amagufa === poroteyine ndetse n'imyunyungugu dusanga mu nyama y'inkoko bigira uruhare runini mu gukomeza amagufa ,bityo umuntu agatandukana n'ibibazo byo kuba amagufa ye yavunika ku buryo bworoshye. [[Dosiye:Fried Chicken Kerala.jpg|thumb|Inyama y'inkoko ikaranze mu mavuta.]] === Kurinda umutima wawe no kunoza imikorere yawo === inyama y'inkoko ishyirwa mu cyiciro cy'inyama z'umweru ,bityo ntiziba zikungahaye kun binure bibi bishobora kuzibiranya umutima bityo izi nyama nizo zonyine zidatera ibibazo ku mutima. mu nyama z'inkoko dusangamo ibinure byiza byo mu bwoko bwa koresiteroli bityo nibyo bituma ari nziza cyane ku mikorere y'umutima. === Kugabanya ibiro by'umurengera === kubera ko inyama y'inkoko iba idafitemo ibinure byinshi muriyo ahubwo ikaba ikungahaye cyane kuri poroteyine ,ibyo bituma ari inyama z'amahitamo meza kubifuza kugabanya ibiro by;umurengera burya kugira ngo umuntu yiyongere cyane mu biro nuko aba arya ibiribwa birimo ibinure n'amavuta menshi bityo akaba aribyo bituma bya biro bye bitumbagira. === zifasha mu kongera umusemburo wa testosterone  ku bagabo no kongera umubare w'intangangabo === ku bagabo ,inyama y;inkoko ni nziza cyane kuko ifasha umubiri wabo kuvubura ku bwinshi umusemburo wa kigabo wa testosterone ,ibi kandi bikanatuma intangangabo ziba nyinshi mu mubare. kurya inyama y'inkoko ku bagabo bishobora gutuma umugabo yitwara neza mu mubiri ariko ubushakashatsi bwimbitse buracyakorwa kuri iyi ngingo. === kuzamura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri no kuvura indwara y'ibicurane === burya inyama y'inkoko ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara y'ibicurane aho ituma abasirikari b'umubiri bagira imbaraga bityo bagahangana n'uduko two mu bwoko bw'amavirusi dutera ibicurane. kuva kera agasosi k'inkoko  kazwiho kwirukana no kuvura uturwara twa hato na hato nk'indwara zifata mu buhumekero nk'ibicurane ndetse kakanatuma umuntu atarwaragurika bya hato na hato.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/10/akamaro-ko-kurya-inyama-yinkoko.html?m=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307112059/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/10/akamaro-ko-kurya-inyama-yinkoko.html?m=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == scj2wy0ptmnnay4bzlpi401u7b6ki5x 0 15210 119148 96746 2024-12-13T08:27:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119148 wikitext text/x-wiki Alphonce wotowoto he is the best player currently signed under Simba sc in Tanzania == Umwuga == Mu mpeshyi ya 2021 yaje mu igeragezwa mu ikipe ya Rayon sport ndetse ahita aritsinda. Ubu akaba amaze imyaka ibiri muri shampiyona y'u Rwanda. Ni umukinnyi ngenderwaho muri Rayon sport aho amaze gutsinda ibitego 10 mumwaka wimikino wa 2022/2023 ndetse akaba yitezweho no gutsinda ibindi byinshi.<ref>https://yegob.rw/rutahizamu-essomba-onana-yihanangirije-umunyamakuru-wimikino-wavuze-ko-nta-kamaro-afitiye-rayon-sports/</ref><ref>https://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/onana-willy-essomba-wa-rayon-sports-yisubiriye-iwabo</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/leandre-willy-essomba-onana/n1rK981Q/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2023-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314092705/https://www.flashscore.com/player/leandre-willy-essomba-onana/n1rK981Q/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.soccerstand.com/player/leandre-willy-essomba-onana/n1rK981Q/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2023-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314092709/https://www.soccerstand.com/player/leandre-willy-essomba-onana/n1rK981Q/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == 4shfbpnd3jpgm2xia3wmodyl2eo1qbv 0 16068 119136 113182 2024-12-13T05:48:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119136 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2018-02-22 Entrainement excel jonathan bolingi.jpg|thumb|Jonathan Bolingi]] '''Jonathan Bolingi Mpangi Merikani''', (yavutse Ku ya 30 Kamena 1994) i [[Kinshasa]], ni umukinnyi ukina [[umupira w'amaguru]] muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repuburika Iharanaira Demokarasi ya congo]] (DRC). Akina nka rutahizamu muri Buriram United . Ni umuhungu wa Mpangi Merikani <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-01-23 |title=Football africain : ces joueurs dont le CHAN a changé la vie – Jeune Afrique |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/519445/societe/football-africain-ces-joueurs-dont-le-chan-a-change-la-vie/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=JeuneAfrique.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref>, wahoze ari umunyezamu wa DCMP . Jonathan Bolingi yegukanye igikombe cya Shampiyona cy’[[umupira w'amaguru]] muri Afurika muri 2016 hamwe n’igihugu cye <ref name=":0"/> ndetse na CAF Champions League muri 2015 hamwe n’ikipe ya Tout Puissant Mazembe yo muri Kongo. [[Dosiye:Tout puissant Mazembe.jpg|center|thumb|Ikirango cya TP Mazembe Jonathan yakiniye]] == Ubuzima == === Umwuga wa ikipe === [[Dosiye:2018-02-22_Entrainement_excel-3.jpg|left|thumb| Amahugurwa ya Royal Excel Mouscron, Gashyantare muri 2018]] Ageze i Lubumbashi mu mwaka wo muri 2010 nyuma y’igihe gito yamaze muri Kimbangu Sport, yatijwe mu ikipe ya Don Bosco aho yatwaye igikombe cya Congo kandi agaragaza ko ari umuntu watanze rutahizamu w’umucuruzi Chico Ushindi. Yatsinze ibitego bibiri mu cyiciro kibanza cy'igikombe cya Congo na Tshipepele mu mukino wo kugaruka afite intsinzi nini (7-0), nyuma atsinda igitego muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza na AS Dauphins Noirs de Goma kugira ngo atsinde (4- 1). Yatsinze kabiri, Ku ya 30 Werurwe 2013 kurwanya Amerika Tshinkunku m'ugihe cya 3rd Umunsi wa ''Linafoot'', kubwi ntsinzi ya Don Bosco (3-0). Muri mwambaro ya Jomo Cosmos ( yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] ), mu mikino icyenda ya mbere ya shampiyona, yahiye ubwoba kuri konti, yandikisha ibitego 23 byose cyangwa bisi zose hamwe 2.5 kuri buri mukino. Ikipe yo muri Afurika yepfo, yakoresheje se Mpangi Merikani w'imyaka 25, yifuza kubona serivisi zayo, ariko ntabashe kubona amasezerano ya Don Bosco . Kugaruka kwe i Lubumbashi byanze bikunze, nubwo uru ruzinduko rudasanzwe muri Afrika yepfo, kuko uyu mukinnyi rwose yari uwa TP Mazembe . Kuva hejuru ya metero 85, Jonathan Bolingi (ku bilo 74) arashobora gukina kumurongo wose w'ibitero. Umwirondoro we ushukisha vuba Patrice Carteron udatezuka kumwinjiza mubakozi be. Yatsinze igitego cye cya mbere muri CAF Champions League Ku ya 9 Werurwe 2014 ahanganye na Astres FC ya Douala ( [[Kameruni]] ), agarutse nyuma yo kungukirwa n'ikosa ryakozwe n'umuzamu wa Kameruni. Yatsinze Supercup ya Congo na MK Etanchéité atsinda igitego cya kabiri kuri TP Mazembe ariko ikibabaje kuri we, yarakomeretse kandi byabaye ngombwa aha abandi. Yatsinze ibitego bi tatu na AS Bantou Ku ya 5 Ukwakira 2014 , kumunsi 1 wa Linafoot, harimo ibitego bibiri by'umutwe, kugirango batsinde cyane (7-0). Ku ya 9 Ukuboza 2014 , yatsinze igitego kimwe rukumbi cya Mazembe yatsinze AS Dauphins Noirs muri Goma ayoboye umupira wa Kabaso Chongo muri 93 iminota . [[Dosiye:Trophée de la Ligue des champions de la CAF.jpg|center|thumb|Igikombe cya CAF Champions league]] Yakurikiranwe n'amakipe menshi yo mu bubiligi, amaherezo yasinyiye Ku ya 31 Mutarama 2017 kuri Standard de Liège ku nguzanyo ihitamo kugura <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-01 |title=Transfert: Bope, Bolingi et Luyindama (Mazembe) prêtés au Standard de Liège |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2017/02/01/actualite/sport/transfert-bope-bolingi-et-luyindama-mazembe-pretes-au-standard-de-liege |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr}}</ref> . Yatsinze igitego cye cya mbere hamwe na Standard de Liège yatsinze KV Kortrijk reuge agaruka gukina <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-16 |title=Standard : Premier match et premier but pour Bolingi |url=https://footrdc.com/a-la-une/standard-premier-match-premier-but-bolingi/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Foot RDC |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205533/https://footrdc.com/a-la-une/standard-premier-match-premier-but-bolingi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Yasinyanye by'imazeyo na Standard de Liège kuri1 Ku ya 18 Gicurasi 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-18 |title=Foot-Transferts : Le Standard lève l’option d’achat de Bolingi, Bope et Luyindama |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2017/05/18/actualite/sport/foot-transferts-le-standard-leve-loption-dachat-de-bolingi-bope-et |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr}}</ref> . === Umwuga wo guhitamo === == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] oez7db0un337xe01dtbrftqpnl2nobu 0 17863 119092 103165 2024-12-13T02:14:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119092 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gnopernicus''' yari porogaramu [[:en:GNOME|ya GNOME]] [[:en:Free_software|yubuntu]] itanga [[:en:Assistive_technology|ubufasha bwa Technologie]] (AT) kubakoresha [[:en:Blindness|impumyi]] kandi [[Ubumuga bwo kutabona|bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona]] . Gnopernic ntikiri imbere cyane kandi yasimbuwe na [[:en:Orca_(assistive_technology)|Orca]] muri GNOME. Gnopernicus numusomyi wa "ecran-imwe-imwe" itanga imvugo, Braille, no gukuza kubakoresha bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Gnopernicus yatanzwe kubakoresha interineti yihariye - harimo guhitamo imvugo isohoka nijwi, guhitamo amabwiriza ya urufunguzo rwo kuyitwara, guhitamo Braille yerekana urufunguzo rwinjiza, no guhitamo uburyo gukuza gutangwa. Byarashobokaga kandi guhindura dosiye ya XML isobanura imvugo hamwe na Braille yasohotse. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blogs.oracle.com/korn/entry/gnopernicus_1_0_released2 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-25 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134823/https://blogs.oracle.com/korn/entry/gnopernicus_1_0_released2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gnopernicus yahujwe nkumusomyi wa ecran isanzwe kuri GNOME 2.4 ku ya 10 Nzeri 2003; <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.4/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-25 |archive-date=2016-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923022623/https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.4/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ariko, iterambere rya Gnopernicus ryatangiye mu 2001. <ref>https://git.gnome.org/browse/archive/gnopernicus/commit/?id=ebe81e27a21f78f9c745c19513127224f54c7996</ref> [[:en:Orca_(assistive_technology)|Orca]], hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha code kugirango itume porogaramu igerwaho, yari ifite imiterere ihindagurika kuruta igishushanyo mbonera cya Gnopernicus maze ayisimbuza nk'umusomyi wa ecran isanzwe muri GNOME 2.16 muri Nzeri 2006. <ref>https://mail.gnome.org/archives/orca-list/2006-June/thread.html</ref> <ref>https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.16/</ref> == Ababishinzwe == Iterambere rya Gnopernicus ryayobowe na BAUM Engineering, isosiyete ikorana na Baum Retec AG. <ref>http://baum.ro/index.php?language=en&pagina=despre_noi</ref> <ref>http://baum.ro/index.php?language=en&pagina=produse&subpag=gnopernicus</ref> Ababungabunga bayoboye inzira yiterambere babifashijwemo nabandi banyamuryango benshi ba GNOME: <ref name=":0">https://git.gnome.org/browse/archive/gnopernicus/tree/AUTHORS</ref> * Draghi Puterity * Remus Draica * Dragan Sarbut * Ada Telescu * Oana Serb Abandi baterankunga bagize uruhare runini muri uyu mushinga ni Adriana Iobb, Pal Csongor Sprencz, Iuliu Szijjarto na Adi Dascal <ref name=":0" /> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] 1sm9lfbusu5ztk2p23an3yp91qargmi 0 17990 119153 118799 2024-12-13T10:42:56Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119153 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kurya ubunnyano hateranaga abana bakita izina bakanarya.jpg|thumb|kurya ubunnyano]] Umuhango wo kurya '''ubunnyano''' ubusanzwe mu [[Rwanda]] wakoragwa umwana amaze iminsi kugirango ahabwe izina, gusa kuri ubu siko bikimeze kuko hari aho usanga umwana ahabwa izina nyuma y'amezi runaka avutse. ikindi kandi usanga basigaye bita umwana, amazina yarahiswemo kera n'ababyeyi be.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/umurage/umuco-w-ubunnyano-mu-rwanda-uragenda-uhindura-isura</ref> == Ubunnyano mu Rwanda == Umuhango wo kurya '''ubunnyano''' wakorwaga umwana amaze amezi umunani (8) avutse. Bafataga amasuka y'udufuni (Amasuka mato) bagaha abana bakiri bato, bakajya guhinga hafi aho y'urugo. iyo bamaraga guhinga mbese ubwo bahinguye mu kinyarwanda kiza, bajyaga murugo, bagasanga babateguriye '''Intara''' bashyizeho ibyo kurya. Ku ntara basangagaho amakoma (Ibirere) bagashyiraho ibishyimbo, bacucumiyemo imboga kandindi bashyizeho utubumbe twinshi, kuburyo buri mwana afata akabumbe ke kandi Akabumbe kose kabaga kageretsehoagasate k''''umutsima'''. Hanyuma yibyo Bazanaga '''Amata''' y'inshyushyu hamwe nay'ikivuguto bagaterekaho, maze abana bakaza bakabaha amazi bagakaraba intoki ubundi bakarya. bakabaha n'amata bakanywa, bose uko bangana ubundi bakarya ubunnyano.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/umugore-ku-kiliri-no-gusohoka/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-02-09 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724124439/https://rw.amateka.net/umugore-ku-kiliri-no-gusohoka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aho izina Ubunnyano ryavuye (Impamvu byitwa ubunnyano) == Kubyita ubunnyano ni uko babaga babigize utubumbe twinshi tumeze nkuko umwana Annya (Kwituma) impande zose.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/amateka/article/ubunnyano-iyo-umwana-yatindaga-kunnya-cyangwa-se-kunyara-bamutamikaga-itabi</ref> [[Dosiye:Abana bishimiye kurya ubunnyano.jpg|thumb|Gusangira ubunnyano]] Iyo bamaraga kurya ntago babahaga amazi ngo bakarabe intoki, ahubwo barazaga bagahanaguriza intoki zabo ku mabere y'umubyeyi bakavuga bati. urabyare abana benshi, abahungu n'abakobwa, nuko abana bakita uruhinja amazina. == Ibitangaje mu kurya ubunnyano == Abana ntago bashoboraga gutaha iwabo imuhira, na nyina w'uruhinja ntiyashoboraga guhaguruka aho yicaye,kereka umwana abanje<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://impuruza.net/?p=4327 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-02-09 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301225915/https://impuruza.net/?p=4327 |url-status=dead }}</ref> kunnya cyangwa se kunyara. Nyina yagombaga kuba yamuhaye '''Amata''', yamuhaye '''Ibere''', kugirango annye cyangwa anyare vuba. iyo umwana yabaga yatinze kunnya cyangwa se kunyara, Bamutamikaga '''itabi''' akaruka, bakabona kugenda byaraziraga kugenda kimwe muri ibyo bikorwa (Kunnya, Kunyara, Kuruka) kitaraba kuko byabaga ari ugusurira umwana nabi, agapfa. uko niko ubunnyano bwamye buribwa mu [[Rwanda]]. == Ubunnyano hirya no hino == Mu [[Rwanda]] bitewe n'uduce buri gace kagiraga umwihariko wako mukwita izina umwana cyangwa kurya ubunnyano Twavuga nko mungoma y'igisaka cy'epfo, na hamwe mu buganza, abana bari bafite utubyino babyinaga bajya gusuka ku Insina ibyo bakuye ku kiriri. (Ibyo basigaje barya ubunnyano) iyo nsina akenshi yagombaga kuba ari inyamunyo, hakaza abana umunani (8) bane muribo ari abakobwa abandi bane ari abahungu bose b'amasugi. kandi bafite ba se na banyina. Barazaga bagakikiza urutaro (Intara baririyeho) maze bakayoreraho ibyo basigaje ku kiriri bakayiterurira rimwe bagenda urunana bakagenda baririmba babyina ngo, Bwerere yavutse, bwerere yakura, bwerere, yavoma, bwerere ya voma, bwerere yasenya (gutashya) bwerere ya hinga..... maze bakabisuka kunsina bavuga bati Dore aho nyoko yakubyariye.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/133727/wa-munsi-wo-kurya-ubunnyano-wageze-menya-abana-20-bingagi-bagiye-kwitwa-amazina-amafoto-133727.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Kurya ubunnyano.jpg|thumb|Kurya ubunnyano]] Bajyaga no kuyindi nsina babyina kwakundi, batangaga insina 2 cg 3 bagasukaho ibyo ku kiriri. Insina basukagaho ibyo ku kiriri yerekanwaga n'umugore washashe ikiriri. Insina kandi iba iy'umwana ababyeyi bazira kuyimunyaga, iyo ari umukobwa agashyingirwa kure maze ya nsina ikera igitoki barakimugemuriraga. == Kwita izina no kurya ubunnyano kuri Ubu == Ugereranyije uko uyu mugenzo wakorwaga hambere mu [[Rwanda]] n'uko ukorwa ubu, usanga bisa nibihabanye cyane. kuko kuri ikigihe hajemo iterambere ryinshi cyane, ndetse n'[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]], aho umwana aba akivuka agahita ahabwa izina uwo munsi, kuko ababyeyi basigaye bayateganya mbere kandi umwana aba yavukiye kwa muganga agomba kwandikwa ku ifishi ndetse no mu '''irangamimerere'''. == Ishakiro ry'inkuru == 1uc45o2p5y15lbn2y3a0cmz30vtsjzm 0 18009 119128 108517 2024-12-13T04:50:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119128 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ingoma y'uruhu.jpg|thumb|Ingoma y'uruhu]] Mu [[Rwanda|mateka y'u Rwanda]] rwagize '''Ingoma ngabe''' ebyiri (2), arizo '''Rwoga''' na '''Kalinga''', Ingoma Rwoga niyo ngoma yambere yabayeho mumateka y'Ubwami mu Rwanda, ariko ikaba yararamvuwe n'ikirango k'ibihugu byihujenyuma y'amasezerano y'ihuza bihugu, yemeranyijweho i Nkotsi na Bikara ahasaga muwa 1100.Nyuma yaho '''Ingoma Rwoga''' yasimbuwe n''''Ingoma Kalinga'''. Rwoga yasobanuraga kogera cyangwa kwamamara, naho Kalinga igasobanura inkingi y’icyizere cy’ahazaza.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/ingoma-ngabe-kalinga-yagiye-he</ref> [[Dosiye:Ingoma_mu.jpg|thumb|Ingoma ..]] == Ingoma ngabe z'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda == '''Ingoma Ngabe''' niyo yari Ibendera ry'igihugu, akaba ari nayo yari nkuru Mbere y'[[Umwami]] n'[[Umugabekazi|Umugabekazi.]] Umurimo wayo wari uwo kwimika abami no guhuza Umwami na Rubanda mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] '''Ingoma Ngabe''' ntago yari Ingoma isanzwe nk'izindi zakoreshaga mu misango, mubirori byaberaga Ibwami cyangwa ahandi. kuko yo ntiyavuzwaga ahubwo izindi ngoma zarayivugirizwaga. zikayitaramira nkuko mumuco ingoma zataramiraga [[Umwami|Umwami.]] == Ingoma Ngabe Kalinga == [[Rwanda|Ingoma Kalinga]] niyo yasimbuye Ingoma Rwoga, ubwo Rwoga yanyagwaga n'Abanyabungo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/inganji-karinga-igice-cya-i/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-02-17 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527084412/https://rw.amateka.net/inganji-karinga-igice-cya-i/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ubwo Ibikomangoma byo kwa Gahima byarwaniraga Ingoma ahasaga mu wa 1499, maze, Umwami Ndahiro cyamatare akahasiga ubuzima. Kuva ubwo Kalinga niyo yabaye ikirango gishya cy’u [[Rwanda]], Kuva ku ngoma ya Ruganzu II Ndoli wayiramvuye ahasaga mu wa 1510, kugeza mu wa 1961 ubwo ingoma ya cyami yasezererwaga mu [[Rwanda]] rugahinduka [[Repubulika y'u Rwanda|Repubulika.]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/60808/amateka-ingoma-ngabe-nyiginya-60808.html#google_vignette</ref> [[Dosiye:Ingoma_z'_umwami.jpg|thumb|Ingoma z' umwami]] == Amateka y'Ingoma Kalinga == '''[[Rwanda|Ingoma Kalinga]]''' niyo yasimbuye '''Ingoma Rwoga''', ubwo Rwoga yanyagwaga n'Abanyabungo. Kuva ubwo Ingoma Kalinga niyo yabaye Ikirango gishya cy'u [[Rwanda]] kuva ku Ngoma ya Ruganzu II Ndori, Wari warayiramvuye ahasaga mu wa 1510, kugeza mu wa 1961 ubwo Ingoma ya Cyami yesesererwaga Mu [[Rwanda]] maze kuva ubwo rugahinduka [[Repubulika y'u Rwanda|Repubulika.]] Ubusanzwe Ingoma ngabe Kalinga yari yarahiriye ku '''RUCUNSHU''' ubwo bene Rwabugili aribo, '''Musinga''' na Rutalindwa barwaniraga Ingoma, Nuko Rutalindwa abonye asumbirijwe ahitamo kwitwikira munzu, N'Ibimetso by'Ubwami byose harimo, Ingoma Ngabe Kalinga maze byose bihiramo. nuko nyuma yaho haramvuwe, Indi Ngoma Ngabe maze isubirana izina rya Kalinga ari nayo igaragara cyane mu mafoto kugeza ubu mu [[Rwanda]]. == Iherezo ry'Ingoma Ngabe mu Rwanda == Ubwo [[Repubulika y'u Rwanda|Repubulika]] yinjiraga ntanumwe wigeze yita kuri icyo '''kirango cy'Igihugu''', kuko cyari cyamaze guteshwa agaciro nk'ubwami, Abari bameze guhirika Ubwami ntawari akiyitayeho ngo byibuza ayitarure ishyingurwe nk''''Amateka y'igihugu'''. naho '''Abakoroni''' n'abanyamadini bo ntanumwe wabashaga no kuba yayegera ngo kuko yakurerwagaho imihango bitaga ya gipagani. == Inkuru shingiro == a6yxpei2lfw8ctauafad9kb6s6l7kmx 0 18094 119091 117072 2024-12-13T02:01:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119091 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|gatesi ni umunyarwanda uvuka mumujyi wa kigali]] [[Dosiye:Certa Logo - Blue.jpg|thumb|Ikirango cya Certa Gatesi akoramo]] [[Dosiye:Université nationale du Rwanda à Butare.JPG|thumb|Kaminuza y'u Rwanda Gatesi yizeho]] '''Gatesi Renita''' ni umuhuzabikorwa wa gahunda ya Startup Bluebook mu kigo gishinzwe amategeko no guhanga udushya muri Certa Foundation. Ni umuvugizi ushishikajwe no kubona ubutabera kandi yitangiye umwuga we mu guteza imbere gukorera mu mucyo no mu mucyo binyuze mu bisubizo bishya bigezweho. Ni umwe muri Centre ishinzwe amategeko no guhanga udushya mu Rwanda. <ref>https://www.certafoundation.rw/our-team</ref><ref name=":0">https://land-der-ideen.de/netzwerke/agyle/young-leaders-2023/renita-gatesi</ref> == Amashuri == Ubwo yakurikiranaga amasomo ye muby'abategeko muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]], yashyize ubumenyi bwe mu bushakashatsi kugira ngo akore nk'umufasha w’ubushakashatsi mu muryango utegamiye kuri Leta witwa Benishaka ukora isuzuma ry’ingaruka z’abana mu bipimo by’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana, kutita ku bana, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina n’amarangamutima. == Amateka n' Akazi == '''Gatesi Renita''' n'umwe mu bakobwa 70 bitabiriye amarushanwa y'ubwiza mu Rwanda azwi nka Miss Rwanda kuwa 16 Gashyantare 2022.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bw-abakobwa-70-batangiye-urugendo-rwo-gushakamo-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://missrwanda.rw/blog/page/3/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-22 |archive-date=2024-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322160848/https://missrwanda.rw/blog/page/3/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/bamwe-ni-ba-rwiyemezamirimo-aba-feministes-haraca-uwambaye-muri-pre-selection</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/missrwanda2022-abakobwa-29-mu-190-nibo-bakomeje-mu-mujyi-wa-kigali</ref>yakoranye na gahunda y'amahugurwa y'abunzi n'ubwiyunge muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] nk'umuhuzabikorwa wabo. Ashishikajwe n'uburenganzira bwa muntu no gukemura amakimbirane. Mu kigo gishinzwe amategeko no guhanga udushya, Renita yishora mu gukemura amakimbirane (gukemura amakimbirane, ubukemurampaka, no gusuzuma bitabogamye) ubushakashatsi n'ibikorwa bijyanye.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibyo kwishimira == Binyuze muri Startup Bluebook Program, Gatesi yafashije abatangije tekinoloji gutsinda no gutera imbere birambye. Ibikorwa bye byashyizeho urwego rushya rwo gushyigikira gutangiza no guteza imbere ubudasa no kwinjiza mu nganda zikoranabuhanga. Yizera ko ikoranabuhanga rishobora gukoreshwa mu koroshya inzira zubahirizwa no kugabanya ingaruka z’amategeko ku batangiye, amaherezo bikazamura iterambere ryabo kandi rirambye mu bukungu bwa digitale.<ref name=":0" /> === Ibyo yagezeho === Kimwe mubyo yagezeho ni ugushyira mu bikorwa gahunda ya Startup Bluebook Program, gahunda yambere itanga inkunga ya bono inkunga kumategeko atandukanye. Porogaramu itanga ubuzimagatozi kugirango ifashe abitangira kugendana no kubahiriza ibibazo bigoye no kubahiriza amategeko, kubarinda ingaruka zamategeko no guteza imbere imikorere myiza no gukora neza.<ref name=":0" /> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Miss Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamategeko]] ewf459d14h3o9vq2oi5qdrh6kem87t2 0 18393 119158 118271 2024-12-13T11:29:32Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119158 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[https://web.archive.org/web/20240823134423/https://bellaflowers.rw/about-us/corporate-social-responsibility/article/iterambere-ry-ubuhinzi-bw-indabo-z-amaroza-mu-rwanda-nuko-zafashije-benshi-kuva Bella Flowers]''' ni ikigo cyatangiye mu 2016 mu [[Rwanda]], gihinga kikanatunganya umusaruro w'indabo z'amabara atandukanye zijyanwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Giherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Gishari|Murenge wa Gishari]] mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] aho gifite ubuso bwa hegitari 100 kuri ubu kikaba gihinga kuri hegitari 64. Iki kigo cyahaye akazi abakozi 889 biganjemo urubyiruko rwo mu mirenge baturanye abenshi bari abashomeri.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/imishinga-itandatu-iri-guhindura-isura-n-imibereho-y-abatuye-rwamagana</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Umushinga-Bella-Flowers-umaze-kwinjiriza-u-Rwanda-miliyari-10-mu-myaka-4</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ishimwe-rya-bella-flowers-ikigo-rukumbi-cyahembye-chris-froome-muri-tdrwanda23</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://missrwanda.rw/2021/03/15/abakobwa-20-bahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-2021-basuye-bella-flowers/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-23 |archive-date=2024-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823141424/https://missrwanda.rw/2021/03/15/abakobwa-20-bahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-2021-basuye-bella-flowers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>[[Dosiye:Indabyo pc.jpg|thumb|Indabo Zihingwa n'umushinga Bella Flowers]] == Amateka == Uyu mushinga watangijwe na Madamu [[Jeannette Kagame]], ukaba umaze kuzamura ishoramari ry'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Mu cyumweru nibura basarura toni 30 z’indabo, aho umusaruro ungana na 80% ugurishwa mu mahanga cyane cyane mu gihugu cy’u [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]], u [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] na [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Koreya y’Epfo]]. Bella flowers yahungabanyijwe n' icyorezo cya korona virusi cyane. Mbere ya Covid-19 yagemuraga toni 30, mu mwaka wa 2020 ubwo icyi cyorezo cyateraga yatangiye kugemura toni zitarenze eshanu. [[Dosiye:A indabyo z'umuhondo.jpg|thumb|Bella Flowers]] == Umumaro wa Bella Flowers == Uyu mushinga wubuhinzi bw'indabo umaze kuba waha akazi kubaturage benshi barenga 800 ukaba uri gufasha igihugu kugabanya ubushomeri mu [[Rwanda]]. Bella flowes rero ikaba inagurisha indabo kubaturage b'u Rwanda kubazishaka bityo ikaba inatanga umusoro mu igihugu.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/iterambere-ry-ubuhinzi-bw-indabo-z-amaroza-mu-rwanda-nuko-zafashije-benshi-kuba</ref>Bella flower kandi ikaba ifasha igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]] gutsura umubano hagati y'ibihugu bitandukanye. == Indanganturo == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Indabyo]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] 6tara1gwkci4vs9anhilc7smuxsijzk 0 18876 119127 109046 2024-12-13T04:49:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ingoma 23.jpg|thumb|ingoma]] == Ingoma == [[Dosiye:Bundesarchiv Bild 105-DOA0543, Deutsch-Ostafrika, Ngoma-Schlagen.jpg|thumb|Karinga]] Ingoma y’Ingabe, ni ukuvuga Ingorna yerekana Ubwami bw’Igihugu. Ingabe zacu ni enye : Ingabe ihatse u [[Rwanda]], ikagaragaza Umwami yonyine, ni Karinga. Ingabekazi yayo, ni Cyim’umugizi. Ilyo Cyim’umugizi, ni ukuvuga ko « Igihugu cyima Umwami ukigira, akakirema, akakibamo Nyamugira-ubutangwa . Mbere ya Karinga, Ingabe y’u [[Rwanda]] yitwaga RWOGA, yaremwe na Gihanga, inyagwa n’Abanyabungo, igihe Umwami Ndahiro II Cyamatare aguye i Rubi rw’i Nyundo.<ref>https://inyamibwa.com/igitabo-inganji-karinga/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/inganji-karinga-igice-cya-i/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-15 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527084412/https://rw.amateka.net/inganji-karinga-igice-cya-i/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi == [[Dosiye:Ingoma mu.jpg|thumb|Ingoma]] iriya mu Bugamba (Provinsi ya Cyingogo). Aho umuhungu we Ndoli ahungukiye, ava i Karagwe, yimye afite ingoma yitwa NANGAMADUMBU. Aho amariye gutsinda abamurwanizaga, yimika Karinga. Iyo ya Nangamadumbu ayiha Abiru bo kwa Gitandura, ayibashurnbusha byo kubashimira ko Gitandura yali yaracikanye Cyim’umugizi, igihe bicikiye i Rubi rw’i Nyundo; Cyim’umugizi igaruka i Bwami ityo, aba ariyo ngoma ya Gihanga igumana na Karinga, uko yahoranye na Rwoga. Ingabe zindi dufite, ni Mpatsi ibihugu  na Kiragutse. Iri ni ukuvuga ko igihugu cyabaye kigaIi, cyagutse. Zo zaremwe na Kigeli IV RwabugiIi, ejobundi, aziremana n’indi yitwaga Icy’umwe, yahiliye ku Rucuncu, mu ipfa lya Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa. Bavuga ko na Butare yali ingabe; yali ingoma yimitswe na Kigeli IV Rwabugili na yo, bayitakaho amasaro umubili wose: na yo yahiliye ku Rucuncu. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] k06wkoaxi1jga7bpa3ic33zmjy9wuf8 0 18884 119083 109054 2024-12-12T22:39:34Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119083 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ikinimba.jpg|thumb|408x408px|umuco w'ikinimba]] == Akamaro == [[Dosiye:Intore zacu.jpg|thumb|Intore mu muco nyarwanda|296x296px]] Umuco witwa '''imboneragihugu'''. Umuco ni wo uranga abantu ndetse ukababumbatira. Umuco ni yo ndorerwamo y’igihugu cyangwa y’akarere, abahatuye bakireberamo, bakamenya uko basa. Ndetse n’abandi bakabareberamo, bakabamenya uko babaho, icyo bakunda kurya no kunywa, uko bitwara mu mvugo no mu ngiro, bakaboneraho kubegera, kubana na bo cyangwa se kubitarura: wajya i Burya-sazi ukazimira bunguri, utajya ibwami ukabeshywa menshi, waba utazi umurera umukamureresaho ‘amasiha’, kandi ntujye mu bajiji utari umujiji .<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvYhdXSDo54</ref> == Ibindi == Umuco mu Rwanda, ari wo wa ba sogokuruza, utuma abatuye igihugu n’abari hanze yacyo bakomeza kwitwa abanyarwanda aho bari hose. Nasanze umuco ubumbatira imilyango: umugabo, umugore, abana n’abo bafitanye isano bose, bakagirana ubumwe bunuka, bituma iyo usanze abavandimwe bavumbitse akarenge ukuramo akawe inzira zikigendwa, maze wiha kwizubaza cyangwa kuzarira, akawe kagatokombera.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/umurage/article/ni-ryari-bavuga-ko-umuntu-yishe-cyangwa-yataye-umuco</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/akamaro-nuburanga-byumuco/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-15 |archive-date=2024-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715152728/https://rw.amateka.net/akamaro-nuburanga-byumuco/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umuco ubumbatira umurenge n’akarere, ahantu aho ari ho hose, hakabumbatira abantu bahakomoka cyangwa bahatuye. Bakagira ibyo bahuriyeho bibaranga, wahagera uru umuva-ntara ukabanza gusiganuza, washaka kumenya akari i Murore cyangwa kubaza impigi n’icyiyihatse, bakakubwira ko ‘i Rukara hirirwa ntihararwa’, naho ‘i Ruhande rwa Mpandahande hakaba mw’itetero ry’intiti’. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] m1ydpr264l1ya2ugerkhm3f7sggqss1 0 18916 119131 109055 2024-12-13T05:00:21Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119131 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Heroes Day 091824.jpg|thumb|346x346px|intwari]] == Intwari == Intwali igaruka bahunga [[Dosiye:Kwivuga.jpg|thumb|Icyivugo Intwari igaruka bahunga|423x423px]] Ya rukanga-miheto ! ''Yangombye imisare'' ''5. sinayisigira umugaragu.'' ''Nyêndanyé n’ iimacumu,'' ''mbéra ko isibo,'' ''intoki ziyisangwa mu gifunga'' ''impfûra iréma urugâmba,'' ''10. sinayicarana mû ntéko'' ''induru ivugije abakoni'' ''ndamaga njya kuyishatkira intambara.'' ''Irakaliye abatwara imikoré'' ''sinayikama imbere :'' ''15. ‘mbonyé ko nzabikundirwa'' ''Imbaraga iranjyana mbaganamo.'' ''Uwababeraga indongozi'' ''nkinga mùsanga'' ''sinareka asubira mu babo.'' ''20.Ntsinduka ku mugina:'' ''ruvusha ndyaka itoki !'' ''Ni ilyarubiye mu bibasha,'' ''nyamunsi iligénda imbere.'' ''Imbaraga y’ikigémbe ihitana uruge,'' 25 ''umuheto we uhinduka umutâmbya.'' ''Imbabazi zo kumushahura ziranyegura'' ''uruguma rw’inkota ndarutaniliza.'' ''‘Maze kumugira ùw’ibisiga'' ''sinasigaho kuba ingénzi'' 30. ''abâbo bagarutse rurangomba :'' ''ndwigirahon’iyanjye ngabo.'' ''Yânze gushira ubukana'' ''sinayikura ku rugâmba'' ''ndayireka ibonanan’abarwanyi.'' ''35. Ibaye rwêma mu myambi'' ''ndakaranjyakuyiréngera :'' ''imitimba iyikozeho iragonya,'' ''inti zitebera mu ntoki ;'' ''intanage zibera ibisate mu ntambara'' 40.''Imitarati bayihunganamo ubusa :'' ''batanguranwa bàsango intéko'' ''aliukubasatira.'' ''Bashyikiranye n’uwabategekaga'' ''atangaabandi kubaza abànyarugamba'' ''45. Ati : »uriya musore wibunza ku rugamba,'' ''Barasa ntabyiteho,'' ''Ntimube mwamugaruraga n’imiheto?”'' ''Bati:”yabaye nyawita,'' ''Nta wamuturukira, ararinda!'' ''50. Uwo basakiranye tugihura'' ''Ni we yagize umugwa-mbere:'' ''Urugamba yaruremaga'' ''Amaze kwambara ibinyita!”'' ''Ati:”Uwo inkongoro zishita'' ''55. wabuze ababo bamugarukira,'' ''Ko mwali umutwe w’ingabo'' ''Ntimube mwamuteshaga?”'' ''Bati: “Yamucumise umufuka tugishyikirana,'' ''Ni Imanzi ntaneshwa ku wo yishe!”'' ''60. Ati: “Ese mwe mwaturukiliwe n’igitero bugisesa,'' ''Uriya musore udatuza isibo,'' ''W’ingabo isumbya izindi urubega'' ''Uhagaze hagati y’ingamba zombie,'' ''Rubanda ik’ubanaho bagarukira, ni nde? »'' ''65. Bati : « Ni Cyambara-musango ! »'' ''« -Jye wabonye aho ashahulira Rutebera,'' ''N’uwamuhongera batatu'' ''Ntiyatahira abo'' ''Kereka abiciye n’umutware!'' ''70. Ni ingabo yataramye:'' ''Ntatuza guhamya!'' ''Ubwo aremera inzira aho idasnzwe'' ''Arashaka kudukuba'' ''Nimushibure turebe aho twihisha'' ''75. nguyu arakinga Inshengerana-bigwi!”'' ''Bacyambaza Imana indetse,'' ''Mbarusha iyanjye ituma mbahora hafi:'' ''Mbijugunya imbere'' ''Bahindukira bahunga.'' ''80. Ilihorana umujinya w’ababisha'' ''Ndiboneje mu gihumbi cy’umufozi'' ''Iruba ly’icumu limuheza aho;'' ''Umukamba w’inda uraturika'' ''Limuhinguranya yalimisheho ibitenga'' ''85. umutuku w’amaraso uba itanganika ku butaka.'' ''Na we limutegeka gupfa nk’uwo kwa Mutana'' ''Cynagwa undi wo kuli Butozo'' ''Naliteye mu ikubitiro.'' ''Ingabo nziza mpora nzimenera ndibanguye:'' ''90. Iyanyambitse ibinyita by’abantu batatu'' ''Mu ngerero zo ku Itambi;'' ''Mu ngali zo kwa Nkundiye'' ''Naliremanye igisagara'' ''Ligongesha Umusarasi.'' ''95. Sinzasigaho kulikunda'' ''Ruvusha lyarantoranye :'' ''Ikiganza kilitera nticyifuza inkwaya.'' ''Nditwarana n’ingabo yanjye'' ''« mugabo-urinda-ibyuma »'' ''100. na yo bayindemeye inkwiye.'' ''Igira igikundiro iyo ikora intambara:'' ''Yakukanye uwo nica mu mwaro w’i Kivu,'' ''Ntiyakira agwa mu ruhanga rw’iyo ngabo.'' ''Yakiswe inshengera-rugamba!'' ''105. Iyo nyifashe mu gifunga'' ''Abavunyi mba mbafite.'' ''Nayigize nk’iya Rusenga-tabaro,'' ''Aliko izina lyo gusumba iz’abatinyiIkitwa Rudasumbwa-mu-mihigo.''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGvzRZdW1Og</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/intwali-igaruka-bahunga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-19 |archive-date=2024-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614032012/https://rw.amateka.net/intwali-igaruka-bahunga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] c3juh77sidj5pmt9mym60p1e5ehn94b 0 18918 119097 109056 2024-12-13T03:12:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119097 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Icumu ni ingabo.jpg|thumb|408x408px|ibyivugo by'ingabo]] == Interuro == ''Mugabo utera abbisha ubwoba'' [[Dosiye:Intore pose.jpg|thumb|Mu byivugo by'interuro|370x370px]] ''wa Rutajoma'' ''Ndi Umushakamaba rwose:'' ''abatwara inyamusozi nnarabagumiye.'' ''5. Rugarama rwâ Gikore'' ''nabaye igisibya cy’umutsindo ;'' ''Ruhamanya akomeretse ndamwimana'' ''Mwima Abalihirà n’Abinika,'' ''N’ihururu iurutse kwà Nyakamwe.'' ''10. Bali baje aliabaziro'' ''ndabahakanirà ko ntàmuhàrishwà n’îbyuma'' ''kanditwârabyirukanye :'' ''ndamusézera àrisindagiza.'' ''Abaje kutuvuna'' ''15. bâsanze umuuhetô w’Inkaka'' ''wigénza mû nzirà'' ''nk’ubukombé bw’intare'' aho''Abashakamba twaremye intambara.'' ''(2°) — Inkaka ikabura iminega'' ''ya ruboneza-mpundaza !'' ''Iyô numvise indurü'' ''sinikândagira nk’inkénzi :'' 5.''ndikabura nkajya imbere.'' ''Intambara yagarâmba'' ''nkayitikura ibigembe'' ''abataliintwali'' ''bakirasana « ntuwuzira ».'' ''10. Induru yavugiye kuli Ndago'' ''ingabo nyéndana n’âmakuza,'' ''Ingoboka-rùgâmba akagira iye ;'' ''Mba ingénzi menera intore,'' ''ngwizaimbaraga ngana urugâmba.'' 15. Uko ''mbilika imitumbi'' ''impiniiràtulika mu mpima'' ''ingundu ikuburwa'' ''ali jye uyigabije,'' (3°) ''Ruzinga-ndekwe'' ''rwa Baziga !'' ''Ndi Inyambo y’igitare'' ''ntwara « rutéranya-ngabo”'' ''IBIGWI BYE (twenzemo igice, si byose)'' (4°) ''Niciye mû mbuga zêra zaKigina,'' ''mû mbùga zâ Runyinya hakili i''Ndorwa, ku Irebero ly’Abakwiye, ku Ibare kwa Rukomo, 5.''ku irémbo kwa Mugeni,'' ''ku nyanja y’I Bukimbili'' ''Kigeli yatabayé n’ijoro,'' ''mu mihana yo kwa Gatokwe'' ''nimana Rugina ;'' 10.''Bigaruka kuri Tare'' ''na Gakuba ka Bihiganingabo'' ''na Karekezi ka Mutuganyi'' ''Inyambotwateye i Murâmbi ;'' ''mû nunga z’iBumpaka'' ''15. Umwâmi yimilije ingabo'' ''i Kavumu k’inyana ka Bangiro,'' ''i Kavumu k’i Nduga'' ''i Bwami bandéba ;'' ''kûliNdégo nimugorôba,'' 20. kuli ''Ndago Induru yenze gûhora,'' ''kuliMirama turwanira iminyago,'' ''mû Ndûru za Karehe,'' ''mu Migera ya Hunga,'' ''i Gatôma kwà Mutana,'' 25.''i Gakirage nàTwamugabo,'' ''i Gahanda k’ uBusigi,'' ''i Kagarama na Rwimiringa,'' ''iKâbale k’ Ubugili,'' ''mû Ndorwa ya Mihanda,'' 30.''mugahânda kamwé na Tanzi,'' ''Gahama umuhutu wa Rukara,'' ''umushumba wa Tabaro turwanira mu nka,'' ''Umuhima w’ ûruhu rwera'' ''twâkulikiye Uruhitambazi,'' 35.''Umuhundé w’ibisagê'' ''nagïyeimbere na Sarambuye,'' ''Umuhima w’uruziga'' ''Twavunnye Ingangura-rugo'' ''Ku Mbizi kwa Muzuka'' ''40. narwanye ishyaka n’intore.''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/ibyivugo-byinteruro-2/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-19 |archive-date=2024-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718082020/https://rw.amateka.net/ibyivugo-byinteruro-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] rfcsnhbzy3enu462xl41ome98rdumvz 0 18921 119094 107961 2024-12-13T02:59:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119094 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ibiheko == [[Dosiye:Bola de grossesse monpetitbola.fr.jpg|thumb|Ibiheko ku mugore utwite]] Umugore utwite, abona inda imaze kugaragara neza, imaze nk’amezi ane nuko agahekera umwana atwite, kugira ngo inda ijye yonka neza, ntarware, kandi ngo umwana azavuke ali muzima. Ibyo bakoresha ibiheko ni ibi . == Uko bakora Ibiheko == Bareba ubwoya bw’intama cyangwa agakoba ko ku mulizo w’intama y’insogotano; n’ubw’ingwe, n’ubw’inkomo n’imondo n’inzobe, n’inzibyi, n’igikoba cy’intare; bakareba n’ishyoza n’umurembe n’umuhire, n’umuzigagore, n’umutabataba, n’umuheha umaze iminsi, nk’imyaka ibili, uwo muheha witwa “umuhitira”. Uwo muheha iyo ubuze, bareba umuheha wanyoye ubuki; bakongera bakazona isimbi n’isaro ly’umusheshi n’umukipfu, n’igiti cyitwa “umuheka”, n’umuseke n’umuha, n’indibu, n’ikuta cyangwa isenge. Byose iyo bimaze kuboneka, babwira umugore w’isugi (ufite umugabo utigeze gupfusha umugore n’umwana, kandi utigeze kwahukana, ni we ubyambika abandi, ni we kandi uza kubibakuramo, iyo umugore yaramutswe no kubyara). Uwo mugore araza yamara kugera aho, bakamuha inkota, bitilira Lyangombe; umugore akagenda akareba agati bita “umuhanga”, akagatemesha ya nkota limwe gusa; bakakagegenamo uduce tubili bagatunga ku mugozi; hagati bagashyiramo icyerezwa cy’intembetembe (ikiliburibu); umuhanga ngo ni uwo guhanga umwana ngo azavuke ali muzima. Bakazana n’umwana w’umuhungu na we bakamuha inkota, akareba umuvumu w ‘umutabataba, akihanukira akawutema limwe, ukagwa ku ntara bawuteze. Umwana ujya gutema uwo muvumu, ni umwana w’isugi ufite se na nyina, kandi utigeze kurwara ibinyoro; intara batega na yo iba ali iy’isugi kandi ali umuvumu bawukokorera ku ntara, bakabigira bitonze, kugira ngo hatagira akababi kagwa iruhande rw’intara, ngo kaguye iruhande lyaba ali ishyano. Amababi bayosereza ku gicaniro (kuyatwika). Umuvumu barawushishura, akaba ali wo bakakiza bya bindi byose; ibindi bakabitunga ku buhivu cyangwa ku mulya w’inka itipfushije bishe. Nuko umugore utwite akabyambara, ngo ahekeye umwana. Agakoba k’inkomo ni ko gashyigikira impigi yo mu kanyamukika (ni ko bayambaza). Umugore bajya kwambika ibiheko yicara ku ntebe, umwana w’umuhungu w’isugi na we bakamuha intebe akicara. Kwicara kwabo ni uguterana imigongo. Nuko umwana bakamuhereza bya bindi byose, babitunze ku migozi; umwana akabyenda, maze agasubiza amaboko inyuma ayirengeje; umugozi akawunyuza mu ijosi ly ‘umugore utwite; nyuma bakabisubiramo neza, bakabimwambika. Ibiheko babicisha mu ijosi, bikanyuranira mu gituza no mu mugo-ngo. Ni byo bita '''guhekera umwana uli mu nda ya nyina'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/ibiheko/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-19 |archive-date=2024-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423153005/https://rw.amateka.net/ibiheko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == l0w03qg1g0my0f3g2x8tv86yutju4ly 0 18926 119155 109059 2024-12-13T11:07:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119155 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pregnant woman black and white shadows.jpg|thumb|472x472px|umugore utwite]] == Umuco == [[Dosiye:Bola de grossesse monpetitbola.fr.jpg|thumb|Umugore mu muco nyarwanda|287x287px]] [[Umuco nyarwanda]] hari uko ufata umugore utwite bitewe nigihe agezemo, Umugore ufite inda y’ubuliza, yararwaye ibinyoro cyangwa yararwaye mburugu; cyangwa se byararwawe n’umugabo we, abona ageze mu kwezi kwa gatandatu, akibuka kunywa imiti yo kugira ngo umwana we atazavukana indwara yarwaye cyangwa izo se yarwaye. Ibyo uwo mugore anywa ni ibi .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imiti-yumugore-utwite/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-19 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527090953/https://rw.amateka.net/imiti-yumugore-utwite/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibyo akora == -Uko bukeye, umugore areba amase, agatoba mu mazi akanywa ali nta cyo yakojeje mu nda kindi. Bigirwa n’uwarwaye mburugu. -Uwarwaye ibinyoro, areba utubabi tw’akanyamapfundo, akazana uruho agashyiramo utuzi, akavugutiramo akanyamapfundo; nuko izuba lyamara kurasa, hamaze gususuruka neza, umugore akanywa, ngo icyo gihe icyo mu nda na cyo kiba kimaze gukanguka, cyigorora, na cyo kikanywa uwo muti. -Indi miti umugore anywa agira ngo umwana we azavuke ali muzima, ni igicumucumu n’umusununu n’umushishiro. Umugore abinywa abinyuranya; umunsi umwe akanywa kimwe, undi munsi akanywa ikindi. Yirenza umunsi umwe akanywa ku wundi. Umugore wigeze kubyara iyo ashatse, imiti ayinywera mu kwezi kwa munani. Umugore wabyaye ibitsina byombi (umuhungu n’umukobwa), yaragiye amererwa neza, iyo ashatse arekera aho kunywa imiti. Umugore utwite, anywa imiti ali nta kindi yashyize mu nda; umuti ngo ntiwakora, waba upfuye ubusa.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] enl6jxhxuw636t26xnlpwbqm7mp8bgt 0 18928 119129 109060 2024-12-13T04:54:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119129 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gucunda Amata culture or cheese making.jpg|thumb|304x304px|inkuri mumuco]] == Inkuri == [[Dosiye:Elderly Gambian woman face portrait.jpg|thumb|Inkuri ku mugore|313x313px]] [[Umugore]] utwite mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]] yanywaga imiti isanzwe, akanywa ibyo bita '''Inkuri,''' Inkuri ibamo imiti yose, ari iy’ibinyoro, ari iya mburugu ari iy’izindi ndwara, ikarera inda igakura neza, ikazavuka neza.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/inkuli-kwuhagira-inda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-19 |archive-date=2024-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718071627/https://rw.amateka.net/inkuli-kwuhagira-inda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uko ikora == Inkuri bayikoresha ibumba bakura mu gishanga cyangwa ku iliba lyashotsweho n’inka zilimo imfizi. Ibumba bamara kuligeza aho, bakazana idoma n’akanyamapfundo n’igicumucumu, n’icyumwa, n’umuzigagore na kijanja, n’umusekerasuka, n’umubilizi, n’umuhoko, n’inyabarasanya, n’igihondohondo, umwumba w’urubingo n’igihima (cyo kuvura uruhima), n’umunyu w’intama (witwa '''umumaramahano''' ), n’ikibabi cy’uruyuzi rw’urwungwane. Ibiti byose bakabitotora utubabi, bagashyira mu isekuru bagasekura neza, bakanoza. Iyo amababi yose amaze kunoga neza, bazana lya bumba, bakalishyira mu isekuru, bagasekura hamwe na bya bindi byose, aliko ibumba akaba ali lyo lyiganza cyane. Babona bimaze kunoga neza, bakabikura mu isekuru, bakanika bikuma; byamara kwuma neza, bakabihereza umugore. Umugore unywa inkuli ahengera agasusuruko gakwiliye imisozi, akenda inkuli maze agashyiraho utuzi, akenda n’ingasire cyangwa umwuko akabikubaho; utuvungukira (ifu) akadutega uruho, nuko amazi yamara gukora, nyira-mama wanjye akanywa, akazarorera agiye kubyara. Iyo badashatse gushyiramo ibyo byose, bareba idoma n’akanyamapfundo, akaba ali byo bavanga n’ibumba, bagasekurana bakanywa. Aliko lero umwana yamara kuvuka, ako kanya bakamushakira umuhoko n’umwishywa, bakavuguta, bakamushyiliramo utuzi dukeya, bakamuha akanywa, ngo atazarwara ibinyoro.<ref name=":0" /> Umugore wabyaye ibitsina byombi, ntiyongera kunywa inkufi. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] gp44ihoymys7o4fzbasu35q2ejfr3z2 0 18962 119140 109061 2024-12-13T06:32:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119140 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lempies - Pregnancy screenshot.jpg|thumb|317x317px|umugore utwite]] == Inda == [[Dosiye:2008-02-24 Human abdomen in pregnancy.jpg|thumb|Umugore utwite|302x302px]] Urnugore utwite inda mu [[Umuco nyarwanda w'umwimerere|muco nyarwanda]], iyo ageze mu kwezi kwa munani, amarakulya atarajya kulyama, akuhagira inda; yiyuhagira yarangije imilimo yose, yapfundikiye inkono, ashigaje kujya kulyama gusa. Ashaka urweso rwo kujya ashyushyamo amazi yo kwuhagira inda, n’ahajya mu mugongo, no mu maso, kugira ngo urnwana atazavuka arangaye amazuru n’ibinwa bimeze nk’iby’inkoko, kandi ngo yavukana ibihu (ibintu bimuhumbika ku mubili hose, akaba umweru, agasa n’ingwa bigatuma anyerera; bagira ngo ni ibilyo nyina atamwuhagiye akimutwite).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/inkuli-kwuhagira-inda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718071627/https://rw.amateka.net/inkuli-kwuhagira-inda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi == Umwana avukanye igihu, abagore babyaza baseka nyina, kandi uwo mwana baramwanga, ngo ateye iseseme, ngo aranyerera. Bajya kumukora bakabanza kumwuhagiza ivu balimutsilita cyane, nk’abahanagura inka bayikunyura. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] 5h2akl3mrzmxglegmidgdb6msqkylum 0 18963 119132 109062 2024-12-13T05:01:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119132 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyange secondary school Genocide Memorial 01.jpg|thumb|297x297px|intwari z'inyange]] == icyivugo cy'Intwari == [[Dosiye:Intore zacu.jpg|thumb|Intwari |296x296px]] '''''Ndi Inyanga-mugayo ku nkômeli''''' '''''Sinzilikana kuzihana.''''' [[Dosiye:Heroes Day 091824.jpg|thumb|359x359px|umunsi w'intwari murwanda]] '''''Mu Rusugi rwa Kigina''''' '''''nimanye Rutuku''''' '''''5. ab’iganizi bagira ngo simpava.''''' '''''Remera ly’i Busakuli''''' '''''Natumburukanye isuli''''' '''''abâtwâra imisakurà bayindénza.''''' '''''Gahânda kwa Gatokwe''''' '''''10. natégetse abibisha ntàbatwâra.''''' '''''Ku nyanja ya Mutegire''''' '''''Narasanye ukwo Karinga ishaka.''''' '''''Mbona mporana inguma''''' '''''Ntibyambujije ishema:''''' '''''15. Ndashoboye kaba intwali''''' '''''mu Bushanga kwa Nyangoma''''' '''''ab’âmashishabagishaka ingabô''''' '''''sinasigana urugo ndùbanzamo''''' '''''n’icumu lisa''''' '''''20. Ndi akabira k’abatinyi:ba Bisangwa aba banyihishamo .'''''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/intwali/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723101033/https://rw.amateka.net/intwali/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 9ufgddfjx21w931ebowm4v7a17umnpj 0 18964 119095 109063 2024-12-13T03:02:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119095 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:SBF Standort Peine um 1950.jpg|thumb|301x301px|ibirindiro]] == Icyifuzo cy'Ibirindiro == [[Dosiye:Kwivuga.jpg|thumb|Intwari]] Intwali igaruka bahunga Ya rukanga-miheto ! ''Yangombye imisare'' ''5. sinayisigira umugaragu.'' ''Nyêndanyé n’ iimacumu,'' ''mbéra ko isibo,'' ''intoki ziyisangwa mu gifunga'' ''impfûra iréma urugâmba,'' ''10. sinayicarana mû ntéko'' ''induru ivugije abakoni'' ''ndamaga njya kuyishatkira intambara.'' ''Irakaliye abatwara imikoré'' ''sinayikama imbere :'' ''15. ‘mbonyé ko nzabikundirwa'' ''Imbaraga iranjyana mbaganamo.'' ''Uwababeraga indongozi'' ''nkinga mùsanga'' [[Dosiye:Guards outside Sandor Palace, Budapest.jpg|thumb|393x393px|abarinzi]] ''sinareka asubira mu babo.'' ''20.Ntsinduka ku mugina:'' ''ruvusha ndyaka itoki !'' ''Ni ilyarubiye mu bibasha,'' ''nyamunsi iligénda imbere.'' ''Imbaraga y’ikigémbe ihitana uruge,'' 25 ''umuheto we uhinduka umutâmbya.'' ''Imbabazi zo kumushahura ziranyegura'' ''uruguma rw’inkota ndarutaniliza.'' ''‘Maze kumugira ùw’ibisiga'' ''sinasigaho kuba ingénzi'' 30. ''abâbo bagarutse rurangomba :'' ''ndwigirahon’iyanjye ngabo.'' ''Yânze gushira ubukana'' ''sinayikura ku rugâmba'' ''ndayireka ibonanan’abarwanyi.'' ''35. Ibaye rwêma mu myambi'' ''ndakaranjyakuyiréngera :'' ''imitimba iyikozeho iragonya,'' ''inti zitebera mu ntoki ;'' ''intanage zibera ibisate mu ntambara'' 40.''Imitarati bayihunganamo ubusa :'' ''batanguranwa bàsango intéko'' ''aliukubasatira.'' ''Bashyikiranye n’uwabategekaga'' ''atangaabandi kubaza abànyarugamba'' ''45. Ati : »uriya musore wibunza ku rugamba,'' ''Barasa ntabyiteho,'' ''Ntimube mwamugaruraga n’imiheto?”'' [[Dosiye:National Guard troops staging Wisconsin State Fairgrounds 1.jpg|thumb|327x327px|ibirindiro]] ''Bati:”yabaye nyawita,'' ''Nta wamuturukira, ararinda!'' ''50. Uwo basakiranye tugihura'' ''Ni we yagize umugwa-mbere:'' ''Urugamba yaruremaga'' ''Amaze kwambara ibinyita!”'' ''Ati:”Uwo inkongoro zishita'' ''55. wabuze ababo bamugarukira,'' ''Ko mwali umutwe w’ingabo'' ''Ntimube mwamuteshaga?”'' ''Bati: “Yamucumise umufuka tugishyikirana,'' ''Ni Imanzi ntaneshwa ku wo yishe!”'' ''60. Ati: “Ese mwe mwaturukiliwe n’igitero bugisesa,'' ''Uriya musore udatuza isibo,'' ''W’ingabo isumbya izindi urubega'' ''Uhagaze hagati y’ingamba zombie,'' ''Rubanda ik’ubanaho bagarukira, ni nde? »'' ''65. Bati : « Ni Cyambara-musango ! »'' ''« -Jye wabonye aho ashahulira Rutebera,'' ''N’uwamuhongera batatu'' ''Ntiyatahira abo'' ''Kereka abiciye n’umutware!'' ''70. Ni ingabo yataramye:'' ''Ntatuza guhamya!'' ''Ubwo aremera inzira aho idasnzwe'' ''Arashaka kudukuba'' ''Nimushibure turebe aho twihisha'' ''75. nguyu arakinga Inshengerana-bigwi!”'' ''Bacyambaza Imana indetse,'' ''Mbarusha iyanjye ituma mbahora hafi:'' ''Mbijugunya imbere'' ''Bahindukira bahunga.'' ''80. Ilihorana umujinya w’ababisha'' ''Ndiboneje mu gihumbi cy’umufozi'' ''Iruba ly’icumu limuheza aho;'' ''Umukamba w’inda uraturika'' ''Limuhinguranya yalimisheho ibitenga'' ''85. umutuku w’amaraso uba itanganika ku butaka.'' ''Na we limutegeka gupfa nk’uwo kwa Mutana'' ''Cynagwa undi wo kuli Butozo'' ''Naliteye mu ikubitiro.'' ''Ingabo nziza mpora nzimenera ndibanguye:'' ''90. Iyanyambitse ibinyita by’abantu batatu'' ''Mu ngerero zo ku Itambi;'' ''Mu ngali zo kwa Nkundiye'' ''Naliremanye igisagara'' ''Ligongesha Umusarasi.'' ''95. Sinzasigaho kulikunda'' ''Ruvusha lyarantoranye :'' ''Ikiganza kilitera nticyifuza inkwaya.'' ''Nditwarana n’ingabo yanjye'' ''« mugabo-urinda-ibyuma »'' ''100. na yo bayindemeye inkwiye.'' ''Igira igikundiro iyo ikora intambara:'' ''Yakukanye uwo nica mu mwaro w’i Kivu,'' ''Ntiyakira agwa mu ruhanga rw’iyo ngabo.'' ''Yakiswe inshengera-rugamba!'' ''105. Iyo nyifashe mu gifunga'' ''Abavunyi mba mbafite.'' ''Nayigize nk’iya Rusenga-tabaro,'' ''Aliko izina lyo gusumba iz’abatinyi'' ''Ikitwa Rudasumbwa-mu-mihigo.''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/iiid-hauts-faits/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723101619/https://rw.amateka.net/iiid-hauts-faits/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] 6f8cwx253ui1pet7rvwz67mnfcmbw9t 0 18965 119124 108547 2024-12-13T04:30:45Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119124 wikitext text/x-wiki == Impigi == [[Dosiye:Ingoma y imbino.jpg|thumb|Ingoma mu muco]] Abazimu ni impigi bita Indashikwa iva i Bushi. Abashi ngo bajya kuyica bambaye ubusa. Indashikwa ni uduti twinshi bataba tukamara gatatu mu kuzimu bakadutaburura. Kuwa kane bagatunga ku mulya w’inkima, bakajya bambara mu ijosi ngo ubyambaye ntaterwa n’abazimu, kandi ntabarota no kubarota.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527084119/https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == '''AGAHANZI''' == Abahanzi ukarwaye bamusuka imbilibiri mu mazuru yombi, ndetse akarabirana. Arakira ntazongere kunukira abandi (plutôt remède d’amulette). '''AMABOKO'''. Iyo umuntu ahururwa mu maboko, bareba igufa ly’impereli bakalikoza ku gishilira, bagasiga ku maboko ngo: “Kuka, kuka”. Barangiza bakalimwambika ku kaboko, agakira. == '''AMACINYA''' == Amacinya umuntu urwaye amacinya, bamushakira urura rw’ingwe, bakareba n’igikoba cyayo, bakabimwambika babanje kubimwuka babikojeje ku gishilira. Urura barukura mu ngwe, igishyushye imaze gupfa ako kanya. Urwo rura barwambara mu nda, cyangwa mu ijosi. Iyo bashatse kandi, bareba urura rw’ingwe, bagashyushya amazi bakarushyiramo, nuko urwaye amacinya akanywa ayo mazi, urura akarwambara mu nda.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] 6j39mynsxye7frygpwtspu8azy8tjw8 0 18966 119104 109064 2024-12-13T04:04:06Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119104 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een man spring bij het hoogspringen 2.20 m Rwanda TMnr 60033970.jpg|thumb|316x316px|imigenzo mumuco]] == Imigenzo == [[Dosiye:Joy in traditional dance.jpg|thumb|Imigenzo mu muco Nyarwanda]] Icyumwa cyo mu gasozi cyapfumuye umugina, bagikurana n’imizi bakayimarayo, ntihagire n’akababi kagwa hasi, bakabibaliza ku ntara; amabango bakayajugunya hejuru y’inzu, bakacyambara ku buhivu, bagakira. Amacinya avurwa kandi n’igufa ly’inkura. Urwaye amacinya, bareba umuzibaziba, bakawumukubita ku kibuno, bagahindukira bakawumanika ku nkumbi y’umuliro, nuko ngo amacinya akuma ako kanya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527084119/https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == '''AMAKONYORA''' == [[Dosiye:Umuco wo gusangira.jpg|thumb|umuco wo gusangira]] Iyo umuntu arwaye amakonyora, bica intashya bakayica umutwe, bakawumanika, wamara kwuma, bakawutoboza uruhindu rushyushye; urwaye amakonyora akawambara ku ivi cyangwa ku kaguru. Abashatse bafata intashya nzima bagaca indasago aho umuntu arwaye amakonyora, amaraso bakayaha intashya, bakayirekura ikagenda, ikajyana na yo, umurwayi agakira. Igufa ly’agaca balihambira mu karere bakambara, amakonyora agakira. lgufa ly’urukwavu na lyo livura amakonyora; balyambara ku mavi bagakira. lgufa ly’umutwa balikoza ku gishilira, bakalyambara aho babonye hose, aliko babanje kulyiyuka, nuko bagakira amakonyera. N’igikoba cy’imbogo kivura amakonyora. Ikindi kivura amakonyora, ni igi ly’inkurakura, ngo balimenera mu museke, bakawutobora bakawambika umuntu urwaye amakonyora, uwo muntu agakira bidatinze. Amagufa y’inyaga avura amakonyora. Benda igufa ly’inyaga bakalyambika umuntu urwaye mu ngingo aho ikonyofa limubabaza hose, ngo agakira. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] 8337obnyintyrgapa0hrw3ddb692z66 0 18967 119159 109065 2024-12-13T11:36:14Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119159 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:LeidenWallPoemYeats (cropped).jpg|thumb|321x321px|umuvugo wanditse kugikuta]] == Umuvugo mu muco == [[Dosiye:Igitabo cyinkomane.jpg|thumb|Umuco]] ''Urugangazi rwo mu mpundu !'' [[Dosiye:An acrostic poem 'Sweety'.jpg|thumb|316x316px|umuvugo]] Mwumve mwese bantu b’isi, Ndate Immana isumba byose, 4 Rugira twambaza y’iteka Itetse ku ntebe y’ubwiza, Ikeye ikamba ly’urwererane ; Igira uruhanga rubengerana, 8 Rurabagirana impuhwe n’ubwuzu. Amahoro ayuzuye mu gituza, Umutima wubatsemo urugwiro ; Ifite n’inkindi itatse ubwema, 12 Iliho uburanga buzira impiza. Iteka, iteka libuze hilya, Bizira intangiro y’ibanze, Ijuru licyîjimye ali burindi 16 Aho iyi si itûye itarâhâza ; Ijoro n’umunsi ali akatâzwi, Umuyaga, icyunzwe, nta kirâba : Immana yahoze iruzi byose, 20 Yo izira intangiro y’ubugingo. Ni rudahinduka mu mimerere, Ntiyatinda ngo ibone akantu ; Igire icyo yunguliraho ubwenge, 24 No mu buhanga itêre intambwe, Ibiremwa ihanga yarabihoranye : Nta cyo ihimba icyêrekerewe. Ntiyajya na mbere mumibêre : 28 lrahamye mu ndeshyo bikabije. Si igicâgate irasagambye. Ntiyashobora gukura na busa : Urugero rwayo irasendereye 32 Ni urudahezwa mu gihagararo. Ubugali bwayo buzira iherezo, Ubwiza iteye buratanilije ; Ubuhame kandi ntibushyikirwa, 36 Igira uburanga utâgereranya Ifite ubushongore bw’urujeje, Ni uruhwijima iyo uyireba Uyitegereje ni uruyobera 40 Usanga ihunzemo urunyenyeli Irabengerana ubuhwêkereza Ijimagijeho n’ubutayoberana. Ni yo rukumbi idasumbanirwa 44 Itêye ingingo ururinganire. Umukiro wose wayigishiyemo : Iyo wayibonye ntûbaliliza ; Usanga ikagatiye ibyo wabonye 48 Ibyo wifuza ibiruta ubwiza. Ikaduhugisha kurora iby’isi, Amaso yombi tuyayihanze. Uburatwa yâtêwe ntibuhezwa : 52 Rurema rwacu irushya abahimbyi. Kamere yayo uyikoze mu mizi, Immana ni imwe, ikaba rukumbi. Ubumungu ntibwaba urusange : 56 Ntibwahûrirwaho na byinshi. Nitwa umuntu nâwe ukaba we ; Ni ko n’abandi bameze iyo bava ; Kamere yacuni urusange : 60 Twabuhuliyeho ubumuntu Naho kamere yo kwitwa Immana, Nta kizimulira kuyivumba ; Ihanitse mu bicu ahadashyikirwa 64 Ibyaremwe ikabisiga hasi. Immana ikitegereza byose, Abantu, ibindi, Abamarayika. Ikanîrêba na yo uko itêye, 68 Izarora ibiliho n’ibitarâba. Ikavuga ljambo libikukumbye, Ikalyirangilizamo ubwayo, Iti : « Ndi Immana Nyili-ubutangwa 72 Ibindi nkabigenga uko nenda ! » Ijambo itoboye ityo yibwira, Ntilibe nk’uru rusaku rw’amajwi. Likaba Mwana Rugira ibyara, 76 Kamere bombi imwe ya rukumbi. Ishema n’icyûsa bakabihwanya, Ntibabe insumbane ku buranga, Ubwiza bwabo ntibube ukubili : 80 No mu bubâsha bakaba impanga. Nyamara bombi ubyîtegereze, Ntibabe ikimane mu gihagararo ; Baba umwe muli kamere itagabanywa ; 84 Naho mu bindi bavangûye. Immana byose iramutse kurema, Igize iti : « Ikintu nikibe none! » Ijambo itangisha ubugingo, 88 Ni uwo Mwana ibitegekêsha. Ni we Ilihanga ibikili mu busa, Immana izira amagambo menshi : Ivuga ilyo lyayo ifite rukumbi, 92 Ikiremwe cyose likaba ngombwa. Immana umunsi yâliceceka, Isi yacûka kubona ikiremwa. Byose libigenga ubutangwa 96 Bikaliyoboka likaba Immana Jambo rero akamenya IBANZE ; Ibanze PATRI akalimenya atyo. Uko birebanamo ubumungu, 100 N’ubwo bwiza busendereye, N’iyo nyanja itagira inkombe, Yo kuba inyange itagira impiza, No kuba irebero ly ‘uburanga, 104 No kuba isôko itemba inshyushyu ; Ali amasangano ya byose, Ali igikundiro cy’uruyobera, Ali uruhwijima rw’uburenzi, «108 Ali n’umurava ureshya urukundo : Ubwo bagakundana by’uruyobera ; Imitima yabo ikimaliramo ; Ntibaruhûke kwîyuhirana 112 Iliba litembamo ubwo buranga. Nyamara urwo Rukundo bahâna, Ntirugereranywe n’urwo muli twe : Si ubushyuhe buhera mu nda, 116 Si ubuhimbârwe buyôka ! Urwo ruba Immana itâtse ubwêma Kamere yayo ikaba iya Jambo, Ikaba iya PATRI, imwe rukumbi 120 Ntibabe insumbane ku Bumungu. Maze Rukundo rw’Iyaduhanze Akaba umusôzo wo mu Bumungu ; Akagurumanira atyo mu MMana, 124 Ikamwikunda, ikamudukunda. Abatatu bose ni amahwane Indeshyo yabo barajijisha, Uruger. barurêshya uruyobeza, 128 Ikuzo likangana kuli bose. Ntibâtangiye mu bugingo, Ubujya-kera baba nk’impanga ; Ubuzima bâbwôzemo iteka, 132 No mu burambe bazira iherezo. Ikibagereranya cy’ibyo murora, Ni ili zzuba litubonêsha : Ntimuliyobewe ni ikibumbe 136 Cyôga mu ijuru ly’ikirere. Ibishashi lirasa bili ukwabyo : Bilikomokaho bigashwara, Likabikwiza mu nsi hose, 140 Naho liganje i walyo mu bicu   Muli kamere y’ibishashi byalyo, Haba ubushyuhe budususurutsa. Bwâgusanga utitira wese, 144 Imbeho igahunga ikava mu mubili. Urêbye izzuba uko lyahanzwe, Ni ikibumbe cyâka umuliro. Ibishashi ntûbivangitiranye : 148 Byitarûye isôko bivamo. Ubushyuhe ibishashi bikurubana, Izzuba libuhuje na byinshi : Buba mu muliro, buba ku bulili ; 152 Ubuva mu zzuba bifite isano. Mungu PATRI ali we ISOKO, Tubigereranye abe nk’Izzuba ; Ibishashi byalyo bibe nka Jambo, 156 Na we Urukundo abe nk’Ubushyuhe Izzuba lyaremwa mu kirere, Ibishashi byâshwâye ako kanya, N’Ubususuruke bijyânira ko : 160 Ibitatu biba impanga z’umurabyo. Inzira bikulikiraria, itegereze : Igikuru cyazanye n’urubyâro ; Immana y’ikomôka nk’uko, 164 Uretse ko itâremwe nk’izzuba. Ni Umubyâra-Jambo iteka. Ntiyamuvûtse ngo bihinire aho ; Icyo izilikanye ni We yibaruka 168 Iranamubyara ubu mbikubwira. Iteka kandi ubutabihwema, Barakomôkaho uwo Urukundo ; Baramusâma urwiyungiranye, 172 Kuba bataruhuka gukunda. Ni uko bahora Abatatu mu bumwe ; Batêye batyo kamere yabo. Ubwo bayihuliyeho itagabanywa, 176 Ntibabe ikimane bakatura Mwumve ibya kamere itavumbwa, Ko ali yo shingiro ly’intayega, Liha Ubutatu bwaremye byose, 180 Kutaba ba Mungu mu bwinshi. Ngaruke nongere mbigereranye : Izzuba n’ibikomoka muli lyo, Uko byavutse burabyo impanga, 184 Nta kibije rnbere n’akanya Abatatu bibashushanya neza : Nta watanze undi kuba Immana Barabireshya ubuzira hilya, 188 Ikuzo balihatse uburinganire. Iyobera aho lizingiye ngaha : Kamere yabo ni mwimereli ; Umwe ntayendaho nk’urusange, 192 Ngo undi ayijyaneho urwe nk’abantu. Ibyo mu bumuntu ntimubiyobewe : Turabusangira uko tuvûtse. Ubyâwe atwendaho agashushanyo ; 196 Immana ibyigenzamo ukundi. Kamere yayo ijyanwa uko ili: Ubâye Immana arayikukumba, Umukulikiyeho akayikubira ; 200 Ntibayisangire gusa nka twe. Kamere rero yo kuba Mungu Kuko itâgabanywamo kabili Itânahongorwa ali rukumbi, 204 Izira ubutâmire bw’imibili. Ikabaha kuba lmmana imwe bose, Izira iya kabili zabuhwânya ; Rurema rwahanze ibitali We, 208 Abatatu bâtûriye mu bumwe. Iyobera ngilyo lihatse ayandi : Ushyire mu bwenge ulihe n’ubwuzu ; Ntûlitêshukeho ulikunde : 212 Uligire igihozo igihe cy’amâge. Niba ulyumva nâbi nâbi, Ugire uti: «ndi injiji birasanzwe » Immana izaguha inema nyinshi, 216 Iguhete ukwemera kugukwiye. Uyisabe ikwungure ubujijûke. Aho izâshakira kuguhemba, Izagutûze ingoro y’i jabiro , 220 Aho uzahâga Abatatu neza. Amahame wemeraga uhumilije, Uyîtegereze uyashire inyota ; Ubijyemo wishyire wigarure, 224 Ugumye ubitunge ubuziraherezo. Immana ikwûhire ubudatûza, Amaliba yayo uhore uyavôma Uhâge ubukire bwo mu rukundo 228 umutima usendêrerno Immana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/umuvugo-1/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723105946/https://rw.amateka.net/umuvugo-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] a2imoz5zd0o1rf4ro56kfd8y9xlu8qk 0 18968 119082 116230 2024-12-12T22:27:18Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119082 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imfashanyigisho gakondo.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Gucuranga inanga 2.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Abanyabirori.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Traditional jp.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Imbyino nyarwanda 2.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Ibyino(Intore).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:IBISEKE.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Ingoma z'abakaraza.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Inkongoro1.jpg|thumb]] == Interuro == [[Dosiye:Ingoma.png|thumb|Abakurambere]] uva umuntu akiremwa, lmana yubatse urugo rw’abantu  babili. lmana  yaremye umuntu  imwishushanyije.  lmana  irema  umugabo n’umugore.   Intagiriro ''1.27:     ''Imana ibaha  umugisha· maze irababwira iti: Nimukure mwororoke». Gen.1. 28. Kuva icyo gihe, abantu  bashaka abandi,  barororo ka,  bakwira  mu  nsi hose.   Uwo murage w’lmana,  uwo mugisha w’lmana,  wakwiliye  mu bantu kw’isi hase. Amoko yose y’abantu,  barashyingirana, barabana, abagabo n’abagore. Buli bwoko  bw’aba· ntu, batuye  kw’isi, bafite imihango yo kubaka, yo gushyingirana, bafite amategeko bahimbye yerekana lgihugu iki n’iki.            · Mu  Rwanda  rwacu,  natwe dufite  imihango  myiza,   abakurambere   bacu bahi­mbye, bahanze ubwabo, barayubahiliza, kuva kera. Nicyo cyatumye,  njya  kubaza, i yo  mihango  yacu, iyo migilire y’abasekuruza bacu twese. Nabajije  benshi,  nasiganu je  benshi   mu   Rwanda, kugira  ngo menye  Ubukwe bwacu mu Rwanda. Nasanze Abanyarwanda,  abakurambere  bacu, bo mu moka yose, bo mu turere twose  tw’u   Rwanda,  bafite  amategeko  bihi mbiye  ubwabo, abanyamahanga batarabazanira iby’ubukwe bwabo. Ayo  mategeko  ngenga-bukwe, bayahuliyeho bose.   lngingo z’ingenzi  barazisa­ngiye bose, ntibanyuranya, basa n’ababyawe n’umubyeyi umwe, wabasigiye lki gitabo gihiniyemo ingingo ngenga ·bukwe abanyarwanda bose bahuliyeho. '''lzo ngingo ni izi''' : * Kuranga umugeni cyangwa kurangira umuhungu. * Gusaba umugeni cyangwa gusabira umuhungu. * lnkwano batangaga hirya no hino mu Rwanda. * Gutebutsa umugeni * Kwitegura ubukwe. Guherekeza umugeni. * Kwakira umugeni kwa sebukwe. * Kurongora: Umwishywa, imbazi cyangwa igikangaga. * Kwakira umwishywa: Ababyeyi n’abageni. * Imisango: Ubutumwa bahawe, barabusohoza, bagiyegutaha. Abantu bambwiye ibyanditse mul’iki gitabo, i byavuzwe mul’iki gitabo, byavu­ ye kuli enketi twashoboye gukora mu turere twose two mu Rwanda. Twabajije muli perefegitura zose, dufata komine ebyili cyangwa eshatu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/ubukwe-bwabanyarwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723111817/https://rw.amateka.net/ubukwe-bwabanyarwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] fbexw51sst29ywjpi1sexdinnzy49k7 0 18970 119115 108991 2024-12-13T04:22:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119115 wikitext text/x-wiki == Imihango ku mugore utwite == [[Dosiye:2008-02-24 Human abdomen in pregnancy.jpg|thumb|Umugore utwite]] [[Dosiye:LEMPIES Pregnancy.jpg|thumb|pregnant woman]] Umugore utwite, akunda kurwara irekwe (gusinzira); yilinda gutambuka umugabo we, ngo iyo amutambutse„ na we aralirwara.Umugore utvvite, maze hakagira umutambuka akamurenga, iy’umugore akozwe n’inda yanze kuvuka, batumira uwamurenze, akaza kumurengura. Iyo atamurenguye, ngo ntabyara, ngo inda iramwica. Umugore utwite, iyo arenze imiseno, ngo akuramo inda. Umugore utwite ntajya iwabo ataligeze guca mu irembo, ngo akuramo inda. Umugore utwite yilinda kunywa inzoga ipfutse, ngo apfumuze umuheha icyo bayipfukishije; babanza gukuraho urupfuko akabona gusoma ku nzoga; ngo atabigize atyo inda yazamwica ikamupfukirana; kandi ngo atazabyara umwana upfutse, utazashobora kuvuga.Umugore utwite ntaseka ikimara, ngo na we atakibyara. Ikintu cyose cyabuze ubulyo, umugore utwite yilinda kugiseka, ngo aragiseka akazakibyara (ibara Iyacyo-cyangwa akabyara ikidashyitse) Umugore utwite ntaseka uwahetse inyonjo, ngo yabyara umwa na uyihetse.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-utwite/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723114451/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-utwite/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Lempies - Pregnancy screenshot.jpg|thumb|298x298px|umugore utwite]] == Ibindi == Umugore utwite, apfa kubona ikintu cy’imboneka limwe, nk’igali, imodoka, akagikoraho, akikora no ku nda, cyangwa akareba aho icyo kintu cyanyuze, akahakora agakora no ku nda ye, cyangwa akareba ikintu cyagikozeho, akakinyweraho amazi; cyangwa akareba uko acyambara. Iyo atabigenjeje atyo ngo abyara icyo kintu yabonye (ibara lyacyo. Umugore utwite, yilinda kureba aho imbwa yabwaguliye, kereka ibibwana bimaze guhumura; ngo atazabyara umwana uhumye. Umugore utwite, ntiyabona inzoka ngo aseke, iyo asetse, abyara umwana usohoroye urulimi nk’urw’inzoka. Azira no kwica inzoka, ngo yabyara umwana urabya indimi, kereka yambaye icyunulizwa cyayo. Umugore utwite, iyo agiye aho babaga, ntiyahava kereka bamuciliye inyama, batamuciliye ngo yakuramo inda.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] o3h4xny7qgjklpcbyx6m1zw8bgwvhtg 0 18974 119156 108588 2024-12-13T11:10:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119156 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umugeni == [[Dosiye:Guheka umugeni.jpg|thumb|umugeni mu muco Nyarwanda]] '''Umugeni''' mu Gisaka no mu Kinyaga bajyana inzagwa gusaba, kuko nta masaka ahaba, amasaka barayabeteza. Iyo umuhungu akuze, ashaka umugore, se ajya kumukwra kwa se w’umukobwa akajyana inkwano. Inkwano ijyana n’inzoga nibyo byitwa Gusaba Umugeni .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/inkwano-gusaba-umugeni/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723125742/https://rw.amateka.net/inkwano-gusaba-umugeni/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> lyo umugeni atakowe, baremeye inkwano, umukobwa w’uwo mugore, iyo akowe; inkwano y’umukobwa ikwa nyina. lbyo byemewe n’umuco. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] qml40bjur3xk7didg9sva07k4ndtg6r 0 18975 119130 116513 2024-12-13T04:56:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119130 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ganado vacuno (Bos primigenius taurus) en Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato.jpg|thumb|503x503px|inkwano]] [[Dosiye:Cow (Fleckvieh breed) Oeschinensee Slaunger 2009-07-07.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Cow female black white.jpg|thumb|Inka]] [[Dosiye:Rind (Bos primigenius taurus).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Bos primigenius taurus.005 - Wick (Gloucestershire).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Bos primigenius taurus.006 - Wick (Gloucestershire).jpg|thumb|Inka]] == Umuco == [[Dosiye:Cow (Fleckvieh breed) Oeschinensee Slaunger 2009-07-07.jpg|thumb|Inkwano y'inka]] Insubira z’inkwano n’ukurongoranya, iyo wa muhungu amaze gushyingirwa, abana n’umugore we, Imana yabababalira bakabyara­na, n’inka yakowe nayo ikabyara, iyo nka iyo ibyaye kabili, ikabyara n’imbyaro ya gatatu, iyo nyana se w’umukobwa ayirongoranya umukwe we. Se w’umuhungu iyo amaze kubona ko iyo mbyaro ya gatatu ihage­ ze ajya inama n’umuhungu we n’umukazana we, bagashaka inzoga: Amarwa n’urwagwa, bakazikorera abantu. Se w’umuhungu we n’umukazana we bakabashorera, bakajyana kwa Se w’umukobwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/inkwano-gusaba-umugeni/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723125742/https://rw.amateka.net/inkwano-gusaba-umugeni/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bamara kwakirwa, bateretse inzoga, bagasubira mu misango y’ubu­ kwe; uko basabanye, amahoro bagize muli uwo mubano, n’ibyago bagizemo. Hanyuma Se w’umuhungu agatangira avuga ati: «Nje kwaka indongoranyo» Abayisabwa baba ali abantu bashyira mu gaciro bati: «Indongoranyo turayiguhaye». Kuva kera bayitanganaga n’ikimasa n’igisabo n’injishi yacyo. Naho iyo ali abantu b’abanyamahane bavugaga ko indongoranyo itaraboneka, kandi inka ibyaye gatatu. [[Dosiye:Kwahura intama.jpg|thumb|Intama]] Ubibwiwe atakwemera ku­ bilindira akajya kumurega mu bategetsi, mu muryango n’uko akayimuhera mu bategetsi. * Iyo itanzwe : Iyo indongoranyo itanzwe, na ya nka yakwowe igakomeza kworo­ roka, kandi abayaka n’abayakwa bakaramba, umukobwa asubira iwabo kwaka inka ya Gashyimbo, byatinda akazasubirayo kwaka iy’iteto. Niko byagendaga kera mu migilire y’ab $hyingira n’abashyingirwa. * Iyo itatanzwe : Iyo indongoranyo itatanzwe, haba urubanza rw’uwakoye, n’uko akayihabwa n’amategeko, kandi ni ngombwa kuyibona. Kereka iyo izo yakoye zalimbutse, ntihabe hakili n’imwe, iyo ntayo arekeraho. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] jhsna7t0q3ig0m6kukbeicewy1s2o6i 0 18977 119106 108600 2024-12-13T04:14:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119106 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umugore == [[Dosiye:Elderly Gambian woman face portrait.jpg|thumb|umugore]] Umugore wagiye mu mugongo bwa mbere na mbere amaze kurongorwa, bavuga ko “yaboneye urugo. Ugiye mu mugongo bwa mbere amaze gupfusha umwana, bavuga ko arwaye amabi = (gukulira umwana no kumara akanapfu). Umukobwa iyo arwaye ubwa mbere na mbere, bamukoresha imihango myinshi, nko kumuha amata, ubuki; kumubwira akajya mu mulima w’ibihaza n’uw’intolyi. Mu minsi ikulikiraho (muli uko kwezi), iyo hagize ikiba (inka igakamwa amaraso, inzuzi zigacika, ibihaza bikaborera mu mulima yagiyemo), bati: afite umugongo mubi. Naho iyo ali ntakibaye, bati: afite umugongo mwiza.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-wagiye-mu-mugongo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723145324/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-wagiye-mu-mugongo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Uwameze umugongo mubi ali umukobwa, arawugumana amaze no kurongorwa. Uwo lero yaba yarwaye, akazira inka (amata), akazira ubuki, ntabe yajya mu mulima w’ibihaza, kereka amaze gukira rwose. Uwameze umugongo mwiza na we arawusazana, kandi we ntagire icyo azira. Umugore wagiye mu mugongo bwa mbere amaze kurongorwa, ntanywa amata. Umugore anyoye amata muli icyo gihe, maze agatanga inka yanywereye amata kubyara, inka ntiba ikibyaye. Inka na yo iyo yamutanze kubyara, umugore akazipfira atabyaye. Iyo umugore ageze mu rugo, bajya kubona bakabona inka ikamwe amaraso, cyangwa bacunda amata akanga kureta, cyangwa bakabona inka ipfuye gusa,nta kundi bagira ngo ni uwo mugore wanyoye amata yayo ali mu mugongo. Bikaba impamvu yo kumwanga, bakamwinuba. == Ibindi == Abashaka kwitura inabi uwo mugore, bareba igihadiko bakagihadika inka babonye yose; inka ikakirarana, mu gitondo bakakijyana mu mugezi usuma, bakakijugunyamo bavuga ngo: Uko uwomugezi uhora usuma, ni ko uwanyiciye inka na we ahora asuma. Nuko uwo mugore ntagire ubwo akira yagiye mu mugongo. Umugore wagiye mu mugongo, yilinda kugera aho begetse imizinga, iyo ahagiye inzuki ziramena, cyangwa imizingaikanga kwinjirwa, ikogorora; bakeka umugore wahaje ali mu mugongo. Bati: kereka tumwituye inabi. Bareba igiti cyitwa “madwedwe”, n’intoke y’ikibingo, bakabijugunya mu mugezi usuma; nuko uwo mugore ngo agahora mu mugongo, ntawukire. Ushatse na we yenda madwedwe yonyine, agatereramo uruvumbu, ngo bigatuma umugore ajya mu mugongo ntakire. Umugore wagiye mu mugongo (w’umugongo mubi), yilinda kunyura mu mulima w’itabi; ngo ibibabi birakobana; ntanyura no mu mulima w’inzuzi, ngo ntizera, ngo zera ziboza no gukobana zigakobana; ntanyura no mu mulima w’ibihaza n’uw’ibijumba, n’uwi’ibikoro n’uw’amateke, ngo birabora, no kubemba ngo birabemba. Umugore akabyilinda kereka yakize. Umugore amara kuva mu mugongo, akilinda kwiyuhagira ikiziba, iyo acyiyuhagiye ngo ntiyongera kujya mu mugongo ukundi, maze akazapfa atabyaye.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] q80kndsa9mbh785uwicme6b3q1vj0qp 0 18987 119108 108693 2024-12-13T04:16:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119108 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umugabo == [[Dosiye:Umugabo n'umugore we murugo 1.jpg|thumb|Umugabo murugo]] [[Umugabo]] iyo yumvise igicuro ku mutima ngo ubwo aba ali bupfushe uwo bava indu imwe. Umugabo wishwe n’igituntu afite abo bava indu imwe, asize n’abana; bazira kulya inyama y’umwijima, ngo bahumana. Iyo umugabo aturutse ahantu, maze yagera mu rugo hagati ajya kwinjira mu nzu, akanyerera akagwa, ntahava kereka bamuhaye inka cyangwa isuka. Ubonetse wese apfa kugira ngo: Haguruka nguhaye inka ya N…; cyangwa ati: Nguhaye isuka, haguruka. Iyo batabigenjeje batyo, ngo arugwamo. Iyo umugabo aguye mu rugo nta muntu uhali wo kumugenzereza atyo, arabyuka maze urugo akarumena, akarunyura inyuma akabona kujya mu nzu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugabo-nindi-migenzo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724122218/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugabo-nindi-migenzo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi == Umugabo wenze inzoga y’iziko (y’amasaka), ku munsi wo gucanira ntararana n’umugore we; iyo bararanye inzoga iratema ikanyerera. Umugabo utunze inka, akunda gutereka urwara rw’agahera, ngo kuruca ni uguca inka mu rugo. Umugabo azira kureba amavuta y’inka ze, bakimara kuyavura ako kanya, ngo inka ze ntizakongera kureta ukundi. Iyo umugabo abonye igicaniro kiyakije ni joro, azana icyansi agahagarara mu mulyango, ati: Uraze uli mase cyangwa se uli indemberezi; ngo bimusulira gutunga inka nyinshi. Umugabo wateretse imfizi, iyo imwishe barayibaga, kuko ngo iba imukungulira; batayibaze nyirayo ngo ni we upfa. Umugabo utunze inka, maze zigashoka umushumba uzikuye, araza agapfukama, agatereka igicuba imbere ya shebuja. Umushumba aba afite umukamato w’inkoni (imicyuro, imitozo, imikore); agahereza shebuja inkoni, ati: Akira inkoni. Shebuja ati: Cyura amashyo. Umushumba ati: Cyulirwa amagana. Umushumba agahereza shebuja injishi, ati: Akira injishi. Shebuja ati: Uzuza. Umushumba ati: Uzulizwa. Umugabo iyo atali aho, umugore ni we ubiherezwa. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] f10n7hwy227wlxn1cxshtbruv1s457f 0 18988 119134 108701 2024-12-13T05:07:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119134 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umugabo == [[Dosiye:Intore 4.jpg|thumb|umugabo]] '''AKABARU K’UBWATO'''. Umugabo areba akabaru k’ubwato ngo kitwa “umusumba’ akakabaza akakanyegeza mu isunzu mbere, ati: Uyu ni umusumba, mporana umusumba kuli databuja, no kuli bagenzi banjye; mpora ndi uw’imbere, sinsumbwa. Uwo akagira ubutoni bukomeye kuli bose.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugabo-nindi-migenzo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724122218/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugabo-nindi-migenzo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''GATUMURA'''. Imera (pousse) nk’kiyege; bayambara mu museke cyangwa mu mugano, kugira ngo umwanzi atumuke agende. '''IBANGUZA.''' Ni agati kaba mu gishanga, umugabo aragaca, akaba yacanye umuliro wajya kwaka, akawuzimya, agira ngo: Nikije umwanzi wanjye, atekereza kumburanya cyangwa kundenganya akika. Akaba aho adatinya umwanzi. '''IGISHWI.''' Iyo umugabo agiye kuburana, areba akantu k’igishwi yambara, ali akababa cyangwa igufa akambara, akanywa n’isubyo, ngo akaburanira gutsinda. '''IHENE'''. Igufa ly’ihene y’umukara gusa, ulyambaye ntamenyekana mu bandi (abanzi). '''IKIMASA'''. Amagufa y’ibumoso bw’ikimasa, umugabo arayambara, maze abanzi bakamuhora ibumoso, ntibamugere ibulyo ngo bagire icyo bamutwara. '''IMBERANYUMA.''' Umugabo aracyambara, ngo agaheza inyuma abanzi be, agahora ali imbere, agakundwa na bose. '''IMPOSHA'''. Umugabo areba uduti twitwa “imposha” akadushyira mu kabya agapfuka, ngo zihosha amacumu ya rubanda rumwanga. '''INDASHIKWA.''' Umugabo arayambara, abamuhigira kumuhora bakamubura. '''INGASIRE'''. Umugabo iyo ajya guhaguruka ajya kure, bareba ingasire (yitwa ikinani) n’umwuko (witwa cyokora); bakabimukoza ku gahanga no mu gituza, bati: lyi ni kinanira, unanira abanzi, unanira abarozi, uwo utananira ni inshuti. Bakongera bati: Turakwokoye. Bakabishyira mu irebe ly’umulyango, akabikandagira agenda. Ubwo akagenda amahoro, akazagaruka andi. Ku munsi wo gutaha akaba yaralitse umupfumu wo kumusanganira akamwuhagira kuko atagera mu rugo rwe umupfumu adahali, iyo yabuze, aracumbika akamutegereza. '''INCYAMURO.''' Umugabo ayimanika mu ruhamo rw’umulyango bakayimanika bayubitse, ngo icyamura amagambo y’abamuburanya ikubika amagambo y’abamwanga bose. '''INKURAKURA.''' Uwambaye igufa lyayo akundwa n’abantu bose. '''IREKE n’IKINETENETE'''. Umugabo abihamuramo impigi akambara, kugira ngo abanzi bamureke. '''NKULIMWONGA'''. Umugabo ayihamuramo impigi akayambara ati: Bakwita nkulimwonga, jye nkwita gisayura, nsaya kuli data-buja no ku nshuti ukansayura, singira ikinshobora. Umugabo agahora akunzwe na bose. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] 8ppktyvgkdbzwfrfl48aucep5v1h97o 0 18989 119105 115587 2024-12-13T04:12:34Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119105 wikitext text/x-wiki == ku mugabo == [[Dosiye:Intore zacu.jpg|thumb|umugabo|295x295px]] '''UMUBWIRWA.''' Umugabo aragenda agaca agati kitwa ‘umubwirwa’, agashami kawo akagahamuramo impigi ngo ajye abwirwa ijambo lyiza na shebuja; amababi akayanika agaskya, ifu agashyira mu ngingo y’umuseke, yagira aho ajya, ifu akayivanga n’amavuta akisiga, ngo asekana na bose, abwirwa ijambo lyiza na bose.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugabo-nindi-migenzo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724122218/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugabo-nindi-migenzo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''UMUGASA.''' Umugabo aca agati kitwa “umugasa” agahamuramo impigi, akambara ku njishi, ako gati gatera kugira ubutoni kuli bose. '''UMUHANURANKUBA'''. Umugabo arawambara ngo atazakubitwa n’inkuba. '''UMUHEZAYO'''. Igiti cyahambye, umugabo agihamurarno impigi akambara agaheza abanzi. '''UMUHOKO'''. Ngo ni “Bahokera-busha”, n’umucucu ngo ni “bacucubikana bali bucube; umugabo ugiye kuburana arabyambara, ngo bimutera gutsinda umuburanya, kuko avugira ubusa, akavugira gucuba, agatsindwa. '''UMUKENKE'''. Umukenke witwa “rubwa”, umuntu arawambara kugira ngo abamwanga ahore abita imbwa. '''UMUKONI.''' Umukoni witwa “indahangarwa”, bambara imbuto yawo, ngo badahangarwa n’abanzi n’abarozi. '''UMUGERA.''' Umugabo ugiye kuburana, yenda umugera ngo witwa “umugeruza”, akawushinga mu ziko, akawokora, akawubika, ngo ageruje amagambo y’umuburanya. '''UMUNANIRA.''' Ni agati kitwa “umutarama”, ngo n’inzovu iragashikuza kakayinanira. Umugabo agahamuramo impigi akayambara ku kibuno, ngo ananire abanzi n’abarozi. '''UMUREMBE'''. (umutobotobo utagira amahwa) barawambara, ngo umwanzi n’umurozi bakaremba. '''UMWAMIRA.''' Iyo umuntu yambuye undi, agira ngo ataz-menyekana, ahamura impigi mu giti cyitwa “umwamira”; nuko yahura n’uwo yambuye akamuyoberwa. '''URUGIMBU'''. Umuntu wangana n’undi, areba urugimbu rwirabuye rwitwa “umuculi”, akarujyana mu mayirabili, aho umwanzi we akunda kunyura. Iyo arutambutse arapfa. Ushatse kandi amutega imiculi y’inkoko yirabuye. Ayitaba mu irembo ly’umwanzi we; bulya aciye mu irembo akayitambuka, ngo agapfa. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] imtnolba5p880hh979xwe7ppj8han1g 0 18990 119141 108994 2024-12-13T06:34:28Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119141 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:San mothers carrying their back.jpg|thumb|330x330px|abamama bateruye abana]] == umwana == [[Dosiye:Kunyagirwa.jpg|thumb|umwana|374x374px]] Nuko igihe cya nimunsi, ku kirengarenga cy’izuba, ibyo batetse byose bimaze gushya, babisutse ku ntara y’isugi n’umutsima uli aho, n’amata y’inshyushyu n’ay’ikivuguto ali mu nkongoro ebyili na zo z’amasugi (zitagira ubumene). Icyo gihe kandi isaso yo ku kiliri baba bayikuye mu nzu, bayishyize ahantu umwanzi atagera ngo azayibone. Ivu lyo mu ziko n’impeho z’umwana baba babiyoreye ku ntara. Abana baralitswe bakaza, bagasanga umubyeyi yambaye neza yalimbye ateze urugoli. Nuko umubyeyi agaheka umwana, akenda ya ntara iliho ivu n’impeho z`umwana, akayikorera; abana b’abahungu bakamujya imbere biyereka, ab’abakobwa na bo bakamujya inyuma, bakagenda babyina. Umubyeyi akajya aho insina ili akabisukaho. Iyo nsina iba iy’uwo mwana. Bagahindukira, nyina w’umwana akicara ku ntebe iruhande rw’imyugaliro (iyo umwana ali umuhungu); naho iyo ali umukobwa basohoye, umubyeyi akicara ku ntebe mu irebe ly’umulyango.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/umugore-ku-kiliri-no-gusohoka/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724124439/https://rw.amateka.net/umugore-ku-kiliri-no-gusohoka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi == Iyo bamaze kwogosha umwana na nyina, bazana ibishyimbo, bakajya gusoroma imboga z’amoko yose iyo ava akagera: isogi, ibisusa by’inzuzi z’inzungwane, inyabutongo, igisura … bagateka. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 3n8cq7uvj7698ythxqt38j0vgi6fmah 0 18991 119113 108995 2024-12-13T04:19:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119113 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Wedding Exclusives 2 332.jpg|thumb|418x418px|umugabo numugore]] == Imihango == [[Dosiye:Umwami numwamikazi.jpg|thumb|Umugabo n'umugore|391x391px]] Umugore ukunda gutanga umugabo we kubyuka, ngo abyara abana basa na we gusa; urnugore iyo atambutse umugabo we asanze alyamye, ngo yiganza mu rugo kandi akabyara abakobwa gusa, cyangwa akabyara abana basa na we gusa, ntazagire ubwo abyara abana basa na se. Umugore ntatanga umugabo kuganura; iyo amutanze maze umugabo akagira uwo asambana na we, umugore arapfa ntakabuza. [[Umugore]] ntaherekeza umugabo we ali nk’aho agiye, ngo ni ukumukungulira ntazagaruke. Umugore ahagarara mu irembo; agasezera ku mugabo we ati: Ngaho urabeho, uzaze amahoro. Agasubira mu nzu akicara ku ntebe y’umugabo we, ngo asubiye ku ntebe ye; kandi ntatashya umugabo we, ngo ni ukumukenya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-numugabo-we/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423145408/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-numugabo-we/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi == Nta mugore ugendana n’umugabo, ngo amujye imbere. Kirazira rwose, umugabo ni we ujya imbere, umugore akajya inyuma. Umugore ajya imbere yirukanwe. Umugore w’umujura ahengera umugabo agiye kwiba, ilyo joro akalyamira urubavu rumwe ntahindukire; iyo ahindukiye umugabo baramufata, bakamuboha. Umugore azira guca hagati y’abagabo bahagaze, ni ukubakenya. Umugore ntasambana umugabo we yaragiye kure, cyangwa ari mu buhake cyangwa se yaragiye guhaha, ngo aba amuteye umwaku ntagire icyo abona. Umugore iyo asambanye umugabo yaratabaye umugabo aherayo. Umugore usambanye hali umutsima, ntawuha [[umugabo]] ngo adapfa; iyo abonye ko yasambanye alicecekera ntagire icyo avuga, kereka ku wundi munsi. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 8bsqb6juvb8fra3dpd77bsa0rg2r27y 0 18992 119107 108996 2024-12-13T04:16:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119107 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umugore == [[Dosiye:Elderly Gambian woman face portrait.jpg|thumb|umugore]] [[Umugore]] walitse umutsima umugabo we atali aho; umutsima yarajije mu nzu ntiyawuhaho umugabo we, azilikana ko yaraye asambanye; umugabo we arapfa, kuko umugore aba yamurengeje irobe. Umugore ntahereza umugabo we icumu cyangwa umuheto we, ngo byatuma akomereka. Umugore ntawe yatiza icumu cyangwa umuheto cyangwa intorezo, cyangwa igicuba cy’imfizi, ngo byakenya umugabo we, akamugara cyangwa agapfa; kereka biheze mu gasozi ntibigaruke mu rugo. Ibyo byose umugore ashobora kubitiza, aliko akazira kubihereza; abirangira ubishaka akaba ali we ubyiha aho bili. [[Dosiye:Mary Garrity - Ida B. Wells-Barnett - Google Art Project - restoration crop.jpg|thumb|umugore]] Umugore azira kurwanisha intwaro z’umugabo we; icumu cyangwa umuhoro cyangwa ngo yende intorezo ayigere umugabo; ntiyakinisha no kwitabaza umwuko, ngo bikenya umugabo. Umugore udashaka ko umugabo atabara, atambika umweko we mu irembo, iyo awutambitsemo umugabo akawutambuka, baramwica, ntatabaruka. Umugore ntiyulira inzu, ngo ni ugukungulira umugabo we, bamuca amatwi. Umugore ulyama ku rwuliriro akenya umugabo we. Umugore ntahagarara ku nkingi ya kanagazi, cyangvva ngo alyame mu irebe lynumulyango, bikenya umugabo we. Ntiyakwicara no mu irebe Iy’umulyango areba muirembo, na byo bikenya umugabo. Umugore wicara ku ntebe y’umugabo ali aho„ aba amukungurira. Umugore yilinda guhagarara mu nzu, ngo ni ukwitera impagarara, agahora arwana n’umugabo we. Umugore azira gutamira akatsi ko mu rugo, ngo yarwana n’umugabo we kandi ngo bikenya umugabo. Umugore unyara ahagaze, akenya umugabo we. Umugore azira kwiyuhagira ahagaze, kereka yicaye hasi cyangwa yunamye, kwiyuhagira ahagaze ni ubukunguzi, bikenya umugabo. No kwiyuhagilira ku gasozi bikenya urnugabo. Umugore ntannya ikijy’epfo, bikenya umugabo. Umugore yilinda kuraza intoke ze mu bibero, ngo ni ukubinda intoke, maze bigakenya umugabo. Umugore utakunnye akili umukobwa yitwa “intubya”, ngo umugabo we ntatunga, ntagwiza imyaka, ntagira n’abana benshi, kandi arakenyuka. [[Dosiye:Hampi, Woman, Karnataka, India.jpg|thumb|380x380px|umugore]] Umugore w’impa (utarwara) na we akenya umugabo. Umugore utameze inskya bamwita “ikibuga »; uwo mugore agatubya umugabo ntazagire igihe atunga ngo bigwire. Bene uwo mugore atera ubutindi bubi. Umugore ajya kwiruka akifata mu mabere, kwiruka atifashe atyo ni ugukura umugabo umutima. Umugore iyo amaze kubyara, maze inda ye igahora igonga, ilyo gonga likenya umugabo we. Umugore ntalya isonga y’urulimi, ayiliye ngo yajya atuka umugabo we. Umugore ntaherezwa injishi cyangwa igicuba bakuye inka; kereka umugabo we atali aho; umugore ubigira umugabo ali aho, aba amukenye. Umugore azira gukora ku ibere ly’inka, ntiyagerageza no gukama, ngo ni ugukenya umugabo, byongeye ngo ni ugukungura. Umugore kudakama inka, bituruka ku muvumo wa Nyirarucyaba. Yakamye inka maze musaza we aramukubya (amubona yambaye ubusa); ni bwo Nyirarucyaba agize ati: Umugore ntakama inka imyaka ibihumbi; ingoma ibihumbi umugore ntakama inka; arazikama bikaba ubukunguzi, bakamuca amatwi. Umugore ntacunda amata, kereka yerekeje igisabo hanze, atabigize ngo bikenya umugabo, kandi bigasulira inka nabi. Umugore ntiyicara ku icukiro, bikenya umugabo. Umugore wivuga, ngo akenya umugabo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-numugabo-we/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423145408/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-numugabo-we/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] fso9gr796wnopg78b0k9vv29whif43f 0 18993 119139 108997 2024-12-13T06:23:57Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119139 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Elderly Gambian woman face portrait.jpg|thumb|403x403px|umugore ukuze]] == Umugore == [[Dosiye:Umugore uvuye mu murima.jpg|thumb|umugore|381x381px]] hghgUmugore azira gukora ku ibere ly’inka, ntiyagerageza no gukama, ngo ni ugukenya umugabo, byongeye ngo ni ugukungura. Umugore kudakama inka, bituruka ku muvumo wa Nyirarucyaba. Yakamye inka maze musaza we aramukubya (amubona yambaye ubusa); ni bwo Nyirarucyaba agize ati: Umugore ntakama inka imyaka ibihumbi; ingoma ibihumbi umugore ntakama inka; arazikama bikaba ubukunguzi, bakamuca amatwi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-numugabo-we/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423145408/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-numugabo-we/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umugore ntacunda amata, kereka yerekeje igisabo hanze, atabigize ngo bikenya umugabo, kandi bigasulira inka nabi. Umugore ntiyicara ku icukiro, bikenya umugabo. Umugore wivuga, ngo akenya umugabo. Umugore ntavugiliza, ntabika (kwigana umubiko w’isake); ngo bikenya umugabo we. Umugore ntiyavuza urwamu, ngo ashyire urushyi ku munwa; umugore uvuza induru ngo akenya umugabo. Umugore ntasimbuka ngo ace ikibungo, bikenya umugabo. Umugore arabyina ntasimbuka. Umugore ntashyira inkoni ku rutugu, ngo bikenya umugabo. Umugore ntacana igiti cyitwa isheshe, ngo yarwana n’umugabo we. Umugore ufite akananwa kirabura kaliho utwoya, bavuga ko yaliye ihene, byitwa ko yameze ubwanwa; ngo akenya umugabo we, kereka bamuciye amatwi.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] n25yw4nxn1i2lm4z6h5wtv3l7il6y7i 0 18994 119114 111259 2024-12-13T04:20:58Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119114 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umwana == [[Dosiye:Intore 2.jpg|thumb|umwana uzavamo umugabo]] [[Umugabo]] ufite umugore utwite, iyo asanze aho babambye uruhu barushishima, na we ararushishima; iyo atarushishimye, umugore we alibwa n’inda, ndetse akaruhira gukuramo inda. Umugabo ufite umugore utwite, yilinda gukora ku ngoyi babohesheje abajura. Umugore ufite inda bagira ngo ni umunyaga afite. Iyo umugabo akoze ku ngoyi, ngo umugore we yicwa n’inda. Iyo umugabo anyuze aho bamanitse imbwa akayibona, ntagera mu rugo ngo ararane n’umugore we utwite, ngo umugore yabyara umwana aliko akazapfa yarabaye amagufa maso. Umugabo ufite umugore utwite, yilinda kujya guhamba; ngo guhamba bisulira umugore kubyara umwana wapfuye. Umugabo azira kugira aho azindukira umugore we akili ku kiliri; ngo ntiyahindukira adakomeretse. Umugabo ufite umugore wabyaye, yilinda gusambana uwo munsi, n’umugabo ufite abagore benshi, uwo munsi yilinda kugira uwo bararana, ngo ni ukwicira umugore we wabyaye, ntazongere kubyara ukundi. Umugabo iyo abonye urugo ruhiye, alirabura ntararana n’umugore we; iyo yegeranye n’umugore we atwite, ngo abyara umwana usa n’umuliro. Babanza kunywa isubyo (imiti).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugabo-numwana-we/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724134038/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugabo-numwana-we/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Igitogo.jpg|thumb|Umwana uri kugenda Igitogo]] [[Dosiye:Karere.jpg|thumb|abana bari gukina ]] [[Dosiye:Abana_babyina.jpg|thumb|Abana babyina]] == ibindi == Umugabo azira kwica igikeli, iyo acyishe umugore we arakibyara. Umugabo iyo acyuye umugore wonsa umwana w’umuhungu, umugore azira kuzana uwo mwana mu rugo. Umugore araza, yagera ku irembo, umwana akamusiga aho, akinjira mu nzu. Umugabo umucyuye akaza n’aho umwana yasigaye, ati: Nitoreye umwana. Umwana akamushyira nyina. Iyo atabigenjeje atyo, uwo mwana ngo akenya umugabo ucyuye nyina. Umugabo yilinda kulyamira ibi byo guhora atangwa n’umugc re we kubyuka; iyo umugore amutanga iteka kubyuka, ngo abyara abakobwa gusa. [[Dosiye:Kuvoma2.jpg|thumb|Kuvoma abana ]] == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 5dk4s6c4xmm9w7dxt33ffwfjp1b40at 0 18995 119116 108999 2024-12-13T04:24:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119116 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igitabo cyinkomane.jpg|thumb|388x388px|Igitabo cyinkomane.]] == Umuntu == [[Dosiye:Shona witch doctor (Zimbabwe).jpg|thumb|umuntu]] Umubandwa ntanywa inka yabyaye amafuti, ngo yahumana. Nta n’umubandwa unywa amasitu ngo yahumana bibi,inzara zikamushinguka mu ntoke. Umubandwa ntanywa inzoga yaguyemo inkono y’tabi, ngo yahumana cyangwa agasara. Inkono y’itabi yaguye mu ifu, amarwa y’iyo fu nta mubandwa uyanywa; inkono y’itabi iyo yaguye mu muvure, nta mubandwa unywa kuli iyo nzoga, kwanga ko yahumana. Umubandwa ntiyanywesha inkono y’itabi iteye umukwege, iyo adapfuye arahumana. Inkono y’itabi ngo yaguye mu bilyo, nta mubandwa wabilya, ngo yapfa yatonyotse. Umuntu utali umubandwa yitwa inzigo; azira gucana inkwi ziturutse ku mulinzi; ntiyatema n’igiti cy’umulinzi, ngo ni ukwiteza imandwa zikamwica; n’umubandwa arabyilinda, kwanga kwiteranya n’imandwa ze. Mu Rwanda bazira gucana umulinzi (umuko), ngo babemba, ntibacana n’igiti cyo ku gituro, ngo badahumana bakabemba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nindi-migenzo-nimizilirizo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724135427/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nindi-migenzo-nimizilirizo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> N’igiti cy’umuvumu bita imana nta muntu ugicana, ngo yahumana. Umuntu iyo abonye umuvumu wimejeje, azira kuwurandura, kuwubona byitwa kugira umugisha rwose; maze kuwurandura bikitwa kwivutsa umugisha; barawureka ugakura (il ne pousse presque jamais, il se plante par bouture). Urugo rwubakishije imivumu bahora barureba bagira ngo imivumu y’igikingi cy’irembo cyo haruguru idahura n’iy’icyo hepfo, bahora bayicira, yombi ihuye yakenya bene urugo. == Ibindi == [[Dosiye:2013-kapu-Vtorov.jpg|thumb|358x358px|kirazira]] Umuntu iyo agize ahantu yerekera, maze agasitara ukuguru kw’ibulyo, ngo ni bibi, ni ubuvukasi butuma atagira icyo aronka. Iyo ahindukiye ataha iwe, agasitara ukuguru kw`ibumoso, ni bibi nta cyo asanga mu rugo, ngo alibwa, kandi ngo apfusha ikintu. Usitaye indyo ajya i we ni byiza: usitaye imoso ataha iwe ni bibi. Iwabo w’umuntu hitwa ibulyo, imuhana hitwa ibumoso. Iyo amaguru yombi asitaye, byitwa ko asitaye intonganyi, agera mu rugo akarwana. Umuntu yitsamura indyo (neza) ajya aho yifuzaga kujya ; yitsamura imoso (nabi) iyo atashakaga kujya aho hantu. Umuntu iyo aciye ku rugo, agakubitwa n’umwuka w’inkono bahishije, yivuma ku mutima avuga ati: Sinkurogerwamo. Atabivuze ngo yazarogerwa mu byo bamugabuliye, agapfa. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] tn3ng0i4n4dxdavm6xr7e2sa7jbg701 0 18996 119110 108744 2024-12-13T04:17:42Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119110 wikitext text/x-wiki == Imvura == Imvura y’impangukano iyo iguye, buracya bagasiba guhinga kwanga kuyibuza kwongera kugwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527104216/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''KWICA IMVURA.''' [[Dosiye:Raining period.jpg|thumb|Imvura]] Ushaka kwica imvura, abona imvura ishotse, akavuza umwirongi igapta. Ushatse na we areba intobo yavutse ali ikinege, akayitunga ku icumu, maze agatunga mu cyobo. Byitwa uruhiso, imvura igapfa. Imvura y’urushyana iyo yarembeje abantu, bareba akondo maze bakagakaranga ku rujyo; ngo bakaranze imvura, ikarorera kugwa. Itumba kandi iyo lyarembeje abantu, bagira ngo biyanikire imyaka, bajya kuyanika bakazana ingasire, n’inkurwe n’imbyiro, bakabikoresha umusalaba kuli ya ngasire; inkurwe bakayihagalika imbyiro bakazitambika; ngo bakaba bishe imvura. Abaraye bali bwanike, bo bareba urutamyi, bakarunaga mu cyobo, bagira ngo: hararamuke hatamuye. == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 67slneko3uheeiwtar0yb9ayobc5e6d 0 18997 119109 108745 2024-12-13T04:17:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119109 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amahindu == [[Dosiye:Imvura yatebye mumashu.jpg|thumb|Amahindu]] muntu ugira ngo yice amahindu, abona agiye kugwa, akenda icumu agashyiraho amavuta, akalishinga hanze agira ngo : Ku ishyamba, ku ishamba. Abandi bareba amase bakayabumbabumbira ku icumu, bakalitunga hejuru. Abashatse kandi benda icumu bakalipfumuza uruhamo rw’u-mulyango bagashyiraho amavuta bagira ngo Yaga, lyatsindiye Ruganzu, litsindira Ndoli, litsindira Mibambwe. Urubura rukamuka. Kwenda intorezo bakayikubita imbere y’umulyango, na byo byica urubura. Kwenda ivu maze bakalihuha balyerekeje aho urubura ruturutse, bakarutuka bagira ngo : Yonga, yonga, na byo byica urubura. Kuvuza umwironge amahindu agiye kugwa, birayica. Abandi bica urubura, bareba umuyenzi bagakoza ku ibere ly’umugabo bagira ngo : Henebera nk’amabere y’umugabo. Noneho ngo n’amasuka y’amazungu asigaye yica urubura.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527104216/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi == Umuntu azira guhinga amahindu yaraye aguye, ngo yakwongera akagwa. Barayasibilira. Umuntu iyo yapfuye baramusibilira, kwanga ko amahindu agwa. Kugalika isinde birazira, ngo bisura urubura. Ikindi kizira ni ukubika isuka, iyo bayubitse ngo bituma urubura rwica ibintu. Umuntu wambaye uruhu rw’intama yilinda kuruhinduliza abonye imvura igiye kugwa; ngo yakubitwa n’inkuba. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] rkw2x23fus1cvwswxa8of8wpkqyw92k 0 18998 119111 109000 2024-12-13T04:17:43Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119111 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:London MMB »1E6 Lightning.jpg|thumb|379x379px|inkuba]] == Inkuba == [[Dosiye:Pluie nuage.jpg|thumb|inkuba|418x418px]] Inkuba iyo ikubise umuntu cyangwa itungo, cyangwa ikindi kintu, ntibalira, ntibababara ntibavuza induru, ahubwo bavuza impundu, ngo baraliwe n’umwami. Gutaka ngo ni ukwiterereza inkuba ikabamara ku bantu no ku bintu. Inkuba iyo ikubise ikica, ntawagira ngo inkuba yishe. Barabaza bati : Ni iki? Iyo ali umuntu bati: Umwami yarongoye. Iyo ali inka, bati: Umwami wo hejuru yakujije inka. Bati: Yakujije zingahe? Bakavuga umubare; ibyo bikagusha umwami wo hejuru neza, ntazongere gukubita ukundi. Inkuba kandi iyo imaze gukubita umuntu, bazana inzogera, bakazivugiliza hejuru ye, ngo ni izo kumukangura. Bavuza impundu, bakavuza n’ingoma, ngo umwami yabyukurutse, ngo yarongoye.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527104216/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Inkuba iyo yakubise ahantu, ntibahinga bukeye, ngo umwami yaraye, ngo bahinze hagwa imvura mbi cyane, igatsemba bintu, inkuba ikongera gukubita, kandi ntibeze imyaka. Nta muntu unywa itabi imirabyo irabya, ngo inkuba iramukubita. Iyo ashatse kwinywera itabi, adatinya gukubitwa n’inkuba, areba ubwatsi bw’ishinge akabuhambira ku mutembe w’inkono y’itabi, akazana n’akatsi k’ishinge akakajugunya hanze agira ngo: Dore ibyawe; ubwo inkuba ntigire icyo imutwara. Abashatse na bo bareba igishilira bakakinaga hanze bagira ngo: Ng’ilyo lyawe, bakongera bakareba icyatsi babonye cyose, bakacyambika inkono yiitabi, imirabyo ikoroha. Ushatse na we agereka umugano ku nkono y’itabi, ati: Urahere ku ishyamba.<ref name=":0" /> '''Inkuba''' iyo yagize icyo ikubita ku musozi, umugabo ufite umugore yilinda kurarana na we batabanje kugangahurwa, ngo bahumana. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 4sfxb9tgn7wiux46qkikb8zl4sqsn6u 0 18999 119117 109001 2024-12-13T04:24:06Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119117 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sunset by Wapta Falls.jpg|thumb|282x282px|urubura]] == Urubura == [[Dosiye:Amahindu Musanze.jpg|thumb|Urubura]] [[Umunyu|Umuntu]] agera aho inkuba yakubise, akahaguma, ntabe yagenda batabanje kumugangahura; batamugangahuye ngo inkuba yabica, kandi ni no kuyiterereza abo yakubise ikazongera kubakubitira abantu cyangwa ibintu. Umuntu iyo yumvise ikubise, cyangwa iyo abonye imirabyo isakirana, acira ku gahera cyangwa agahuhaho agira ngo: Ganira, ganira, vuga matama (comme un mouton), ntuvuge bukuba; nuko agatunga umuhoro hejuru. Akongera ati: Tuli abishywa, tuli bene nkuba ntitugenda ijoro. Ibyo bikabuza inkuba kugira icyo itwara.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527104216/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ikindi == Umurabyo urarabya bakarahura umuliro bagira ngo Uracane uwawe. Ikindi bilinda ni ukwicara ku ntebe no kubyina, kereka bafashe umuhoro mu ntoke, bati: Ndagutema. Abandi bacira ku gahera bati: Subya.Imirabyo n’inkuba iyo bisakiranye, abantu balya, benda utulyo bakatunaga hanze ngo: Ng’ibyo ibyawe. Kirazira nta muntu ulya inkuba zihinda. Ikincli kizira, nta mugore utega urugoli inkuba zihinda, ngoyamukubita, agapfa adasambye. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] p0u2yoqjr0o9dr9ipvxnajxn2b810ew 0 19000 119120 109002 2024-12-13T04:25:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119120 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Shifting cultivation swidden slash burn IMG 0576.jpg|thumb|ubuhinzi bwa materasi yindinganire]] == Umurima == [[Dosiye:Cultivated land, Brockton - geograph.org.uk - 2126955.jpg|thumb|Umurima]] Umuntu iyo agiye guhinga, maze mu ihinga igitaka kikamugwa mu kanwa, ngo ntabwo apfa muli uwo mwaka„ arawulya. Umuntu amara gukwikira isuka, akayisiga amase, ngo idasaza vuba; barongera bakayisiga n’amavuta. Kirazira kurenga aho baharuliye isuka; ngo uharenze arwara imitezi. Umuntu ujya guhinga inzuzi, amara guca amayogi, akenda intosho n’ingata; ingata akayicaraho, intosho akayihilika, ngo uko intosho yihilika, ni ko n’ibihaza byihilika.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihngo-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-mulima/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614022119/https://rw.amateka.net/imihngo-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-mulima/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] h54j7zjn38ycrkxc2uigub5o8egu4df 0 19001 119122 108749 2024-12-13T04:25:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119122 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kurema == [[Dosiye:Guhura.jpg|thumb|Kurema]] Iyo bagiye guhura imyaka, babanza kurema ngo idatuba. Bareba intosho bakayigereka hejuru y’ingata, bagashyiraho ibyo bahura. Uremye akenda ikibando agakubita, ati: Indengo imwe, eshanu, esheshatu, iya cumi y’umugenzi. Nuko abahura bagahura, imyaka igatubuka. Igihe bahura bilinda kurundisha inkoni, barundisha amashyi, ngo bidatubya imyaka. Kirazira iyo bahura imyaka, nta muntu waza ngo anyure haruguru y’aho bahulira. Nta n’uyoresha urushyi ngo ahuhe; ni ugutubya imyake, Iyo bamaze guhura bazana intara bakayiyoresha yubitse (ntibayoresha intoke), bagaterera hejuru, bagasamisha imbere n’intara. Utwo bagosoye bakadusuka mu cyo babikamo; basukira hejuru y’agaseke (umuseke), bigatubura Imyaka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihngo-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-mulima/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614022119/https://rw.amateka.net/imihngo-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-mulima/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] b696qfye2yutdnlc335mnnow7q1vyna 0 19002 119121 111948 2024-12-13T04:25:47Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119121 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibishyimbo bishingirirwa.jpg|thumb|247x247px|umurima wibishyimbo]] == Guhura == [[Dosiye:Guhura.jpg|thumb|Guhura|239x239px]] Iyo bajya guhura imyaka iyo ari yo yose: Ibishyimbo, amashaza, amasaka…; umwana w’umuhungu cyangwa umugabo ni we ubanza kuyikubita inkoni (ikibando), umugore cyangwa umukobwa akabona guhura. Umugore iyo abanjemo ikibando ngo imyaka iratuba; nta mugore urema, harema [[umugabo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihngo-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-mulima/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614022119/https://rw.amateka.net/imihngo-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-mulima/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ihura iyo lirangiye, bagiye kugosora, uwabanje gukubita ikibando, na none ni we ubanza kugosora, abagore bakabona kugosora, bitagenze bityo ngo imyaka iratuba. Umuntu iyo yanitse amamera, nta waza ngo ayakozemo umuhunda; iyo akojejemo umuhunda, ngo aba ateye kurwana abazanywa inzoga y’ayo mamera. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] ipsmjjpihmee0mbzy9i4nhrxxee28hl 0 19003 119119 109004 2024-12-13T04:25:45Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119119 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gusasira urutoki.jpg|thumb|325x325px|urutoki rusasiye]] == Urutoki == [[Dosiye:Urutoki.jpg|thumb|Urutoki]] Insina iyo igiye kwana, maze ikanira mu rubavu ngo iba ikunguliye nyil’urutoki. Igitoki iyo kimanyuye iseri maze likagwa hasi, ngo kirakungura. Ilindi shyano,liba insina yannye udutoki tubili; nyil’urutoki arahanuza, yarangiza agatema agatoki kamwe akakajyana mu mayirabili. Impamvu yo kugishyira mu mayirabili, ni ukugira ngo abakirenze abe ali bo batwara ilyo shyano. Umuntu iyo amaze kwenga ibitoki, agiye kudaha, areba ibishishwa bitatu, kimwe akagishyira mu mutwe w’umuvure, ikindi akagishyira mu wundi, ikindi gishishwa akagishyira mu mutwe we maze akadaha; icyo gihe ntihabe hagira umuvugisha ngo amusubize, kwanga ko Inzoga ituba. Haba n’abashyira igishishwa cy’i[[Urutoki|gitok]]<nowiki/>i ku kibindi badahiramo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihngo-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-mulima/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614022119/https://rw.amateka.net/imihngo-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-mulima/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umuntu ujya gusuka INZOGA aruzi ko ali nkeya, iyo agira ngo itubuke, agera igipfunsi ku munwa w’akabindi basukamo, igipfunsi akagikubita hasi, ati: Uzura unsagulire. Ubwo inzoga igatubuka. Umuntu iyo agiye kwenga inzoga y’AMARWA, igihe basabitse yilinda kurarana n’umugore we; iyo bararanye ngo inzoga iranyerera igapfa. Ndetse n’umwana w’umuhungu n’umukobwa bo muli urwo rugo barabahana ngo baramenye ntibajye gusambana, ngo byica inzoga. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 39ezdo4fusdwryvhvnohf6rzpq34777 0 19004 119118 109007 2024-12-13T04:24:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119118 wikitext text/x-wiki == Urugo == [[Dosiye:Un habitat avec clôture en branches des palmiers à l'huile.jpg|thumb|Urugo twimiyenzi]] Umuntu azira rwose gutema IGIKINGI CY’IREMBO; kirazira rwose kukigera n’umuhoro, ngo ni ugusura amatongo. Iyo amazi atungutse mu irembo, atuma umuntu atunga. Umuntu uhindura irembo akalyerekeza mu gikaIi, abyara abakobwa basa batagira umuhungu ubavukamo. Umuntu yilinda cyane kumena IFU mu rugo, cyangwa ku buliri, ngo bikenya umugore w’urwo rugo agapfa. Barahanuza, ndetse bakahimuka. Ni bimwe n’iyo umuntu abonye amavuta cyangwa amaraso mu rugo; ni ishyano libi, barahanuza. Umuntu azira kwitabira mu KIGEGA, ngo nticyuzura. Kwitsamulira mu kigega, ni amakuba mabi, ngo kwitsamulira inyuma y’urugi rukinze no kwitsamulira iruhande rw’ikirago cyegetse, ni ugupfa ntakabuza. Barahanuza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-rugo-nibyo-munzu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724145851/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-rugo-nibyo-munzu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Urugo rw' kinyarwa.jpg|thumb|324x324px|urugo ]] == Ibindi == Umuntu ufite ikigega maze kikagwa cyali kilimo amasaka, umuzigaba cyangwa umuse, ni we uza kucyegura. Undi wundi acyeguye cyamutera ibyago. Umuntu iyo avuye gutashya INKWI, maze igihe atuye inkwi mu rugo umugozi ugacika, alishima ngo arahaga. Kirazira kwinjiza inkwi mu nzu uko zagahambiliwe, babanza kuzihambura; umugozi wazo bakawuhambiliza urukwi rumwe ngo ni wo mugenzo. Kuzinjiza zihambiliye, bikenya bene urugo. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 8lb3ov1qfxcobwlib5mnnvnodnck9jx 0 19005 119112 114278 2024-12-13T04:19:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119112 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Scanned Hermandad Image of girl carrying water.jpg|thumb|389x389px|abana bavuye kuvoma]] == Inzu == [[Dosiye:Inzu y'Umwami.jpg|thumb|inzu|394x394px]] Umuntu iyo avuye kuvoma AMAZI, maze yagera mu rugo akamena icyo yavomesheje, ngo nyil’urugo arakenyuka, kereka bimutse. Umuntu iyo amennye ITYAZO, ngo ni ishyano. Ulimennye aralyikorera akalijyana mu mayirabili y’inzira agatura, ati: Ntuye ishyano. Akaba yikijije ishyano. Abahanyuze bose bazira kulitambuka ngo balirenge. Bahira ibyatsi bakabijugunyaho, bakabona gutambuka, ntibagire icyo baba. Iyo umugabo cyangwa umugore badatereyeho utwatsi, ngo baralitwita ntibabyare. Abakobwa batereraho ishinge (utwatsi), abahungu batereraho uduti, ngo badahumana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-rugo-nibyo-munzu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724145851/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-rugo-nibyo-munzu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umuntu iyo amennye URUSYO, ararwikorera. Areba ikintu arushyiramo akikorera, nuko yahura n’umuntu akamwinginga ngo namuture. Iyo amaze kumutura, uwali urwikoreye aliruka; yagera hilya cyane, ati: Untuye urusyo ntacyo untuye. Yagera mu rugo agahanuza, bakamuha imiti akanywa. Iyo abuze urumutura, arushyira mu mayirabili. == Ibindi == [[Dosiye:Urusyo rumaze gukoreshwa.jpg|thumb|292x292px|Urusyo]] Iyo ali umugabo wamennye urusyo maze ntajye kuruta, akararana n’umugore we, arapfa ntakibuza; byongeye ngo umugore we ararubyara. Uwamennye urusyo, atinya akamanyu k’urwo rusyo, kuko kavungukiye mu bilibwa abaliye ibyo bilyo ngo bahumana. Ubwo lero bakajya mu bahanuzi bakabaha imiti yo gutsinda amahano. Umuntu azira guhindura urusyo ngo arusereho inyuma yarwo; ngo ni ukwisulira kuzajya abyara abakobwa basa batagira umuhungu musaza wabo. Umuntu iyo abonye AGASONGERO k’inzu yicaye mu kirambi ngo arapfa. Agasongero k’inzu iyo gahingutse kakagaragara rwose, umugore wo muli urwo rugo arapfa. Bilinda ko gahinguka. Baragashingura kuko gakungura. == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] bm0cy9svhnau477hmcrt0fsqyg2s3jq 0 19150 119125 113308 2024-12-13T04:41:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 119125 wikitext text/x-wiki Kuva kera na kare abanyarwanda bari bafite uburyo bicungiraga umutekano wabo n'ibintu byabo byaba ibyo bafite imbere mu rugo cyangwa se hanze yarwo.Imyugariro ni ibiti byabaga ari binini ndetse bikomeye cyane byatambikwaga cyangwa bigashingwa mu bikingi by'amarembo y'urugo kugirango hatagira uwinjira.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/umuco-karande/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-08 |archive-date=2024-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808160934/https://rw.amateka.net/umuco-karande/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gushyira imyugariro mu bikingi by'amarembo ni byo bitaga kugarira naho kubivanamo bakabyita kugurura amarembo. Kugarira bakoresheje imyugariro byakorwaga ku masaha y'umugoroba butangiye kwira mu gihe nyir'urgo n'abo muri urwo rugo bose babaga bamaze gutaha.Mu masaha y'igitondo bumaze gucya nko mu gihe abantu batangiye kujya mu mirimo, nibwo bugururaga. Imyugariro ni izina rikomoka ku nshinga y'ikinyarwanda yitwa kugarira.Umwugariro ukomera kurusha iyindi mu muco nyarwanda ni umugabo nyir'ugo kuko niwe ushinzwe kururinda muri byose.Ubumwe bw'imyugariro ni umwugariro. == Amashskiro == <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/umuco-karande/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-08 |archive-date=2024-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808160934/https://rw.amateka.net/umuco-karande/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 0q5yxnlw3b534sm2w8gxw7neprvo6uz 1 19594 119080 2024-12-12T17:43:33Z 208.71.78.125 Created page with "ryangombe Niki yakoze ? yishwe Niki muri icyo gihe? ~~~~" 119080 wikitext text/x-wiki ryangombe Niki yakoze ? yishwe Niki muri icyo gihe? [[Ibidasanzwe:Contributions/208.71.78.125|208.71.78.125]] 17:43, 12 Ukuboza 2024 (UTC) 0lr7d797in7zgd9bzcz03894r1cgct4