Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.8 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 8400 119371 89492 2024-12-20T22:33:54Z 2C0F:EB68:687:4600:B0D6:384C:3154:878 119371 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louise Mushikiwabo''' (wavutse ku ya 22 Gicurasi 1961) ni umunyamabanga wa kane akaba n'umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango mpuzamahanga de la Francophonie . Yabanje kuba Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubutwererane mu [[Rwanda]] kuva 2009 kugeza 2018. Yabaye kandi Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma. Yabanje kuba Minisitiri w'itangazamakuru. [[Dosiye:Louise_Mushikiwabo.jpg|thumb|Louise Mushikiwabo]] Ku ya 12 Ukwakira 2018, yatorewe manda y'imyaka ine ku mwanya w’umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango mpuzamahanga wabavuga ururimi rw'igifaransa (OIF) mu nama ya Francophonie yabereye i [[Yerevan]], muri [[Arumeniya]] . [[File:MSC_2014_Ischinger-Mushikiwabo_Zwez_MSC2014.jpg|thumb|MSC 2014 Ischinger-Mushikiwabo Zwez MSC2014]] == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Louise Mushikiwabo yavutse ku ya 22 Gicurasi 1961 i [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]]. Se yari Bitsindinkumi, Bitsindinkumi yakoraga ubuhinzi, Nyina yari Nyiratulira, mubyara wa Alexis Kagame umufilozofe mu by'amateka. [6] Yabayeho mu bwana bwe i Kigali. Umuhererezi mu bana icyenda, barumuna be barimo [[Landoald Ndasingwa|Lando Ndasingwa]], wabaye umucuruzi akaba n'umunyapolitiki uzwi cyane mu [[Rwanda]] mbere yo kwicwa mu 1994 mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994]] , na Anne-Marie Kantengwa, wigaruriye hoteri ya Lando (Chez Lando) nyuma y'urupfu rwe kandi akora mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] kuva 2003 kugeza 2008. [[Dosiye:Louise Mushikiwabo, 2008 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Mushikiwabo Louise]] Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye i Kigali, Mushikiwabo yagiye kwiga muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] (ubu ni [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] ), mu mujyi wa [[Butare|Huye]] mu majyepfo, mu 1981. Yarangije kaminuza mu 1984, afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu cyongereza, hanyuma akora muri make nk'umwarimu w'amashuri yisumbuye. Mu 1986, yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] yerekeza [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]], naho yatangiye kwiga impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu ndimi no gusobanura muri kaminuza ya Delaware, naho [[igifaransa]] kikaba ururimi rwe rwihariye. Amaze kurangiza amasomo ye mu 1988, yagumye muri Amerika, atura mu gace ka Washington, DC . Yatangiye umwuga akora mu mashyirahamwe aharanira inyungu, mbere yo gufata umwanya [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|muri Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] (ADB); mu rwego rwo kugira uruhare muri ADB yabaye muri Tuniziya igihe gito, amaherezo aba umuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho muri banki. Mu 2006, Mushikiwabo yanditse igitabo, "''Rwanda bivuga Universe",'' yafatanije na Jack Kramer, umunyamakuru Amerika na KALIMANZIRA Marine . Igitabo kirimo igice cyandika ku buzima, gisobanura amateka y’umuryango wa Mushikiwabo, ubuzima bwe bwa mbere mu [[Rwanda]], ndetse n’ubunararibonye bwe amaze kwimukira muri Amerika. Irasobanura kandi [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|itsembabwoko ryo]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] mu buryo burambuye, uhereye ku mateka ndetse no ku bitekerezo bya Mushiwabo uba i Washington, kuko yakiriye amakuru avuga ko benshi mu bagize umuryango we bishwe. == Umwuga wa politiki == Muri Werurwe 2008, Mushikiwabo yatumiwe na Perezida w'u [[Rwanda]] [[Paul Kagame]] gusubira mu gihugu cye cy'u [[Rwanda]] no gufata umwanya muri guverinoma ye. Yahawe umwanya wa Minisitiri w’itangazamakuru, asimbuye Laurent Nkusi . Mu ntangiriro za manda ye, Mushikiwabo yari ashinzwe gufata icyemezo cyo gufata ingamba zo kurwanya amashyirahamwe menshi y’itangazamakuru ryaho yari afite inkuru zisebanya kuri Kagame. Ikinyamakuru kimwe, [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] -ururimi rwa buri munsi ''Umuco'', cyari cyasohoye inkuru igereranya perezida na [[Adolf Hitler]], kandi Inama Nkuru y'Itangazamakuru (HCP) yasabye guverinoma guhagarika uruhushya rw’iki kinyamakuru. Nkusi yari yaranze iki cyifuzo, kandi mu gihe Mushikiwabo atigeze ahagarika ku mugaragaro impapuro, nyamara yahagaritse gucapa mu Kwakira 2008. Muri rusange Mushikiwabo yashishikarije bagenzi be gushyigikira ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru, ariko kandi ashimangira ko itangazamakuru ryubahiriza amategeko akomeye y'u [[Rwanda]] yerekeye guhakana [[Jenoside mu Rwanda]] . Mu mwaka wa 2009, yatanze itegeko ry’agateganyo kuri radiyo ya Kinyarwanda yatangajwe na British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), kubera ko yavugaga ko ryerekanaga ibiganiro "biha uburenganzira bwa jenoside n’abahakana jenoside"; BBC yahakanye iki kirego, ivuga ko na guverinoma bifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye kuri jenoside. Usibye kuba ashinzwe gufata ibyemezo bya minisiteri, Mushikiwabo yanasohoje inshingano z'umuvugizi wa guverinoma mu gihe yari Minisitiri w'itangazamakuru. Urugero, igihe u Rwanda rwagiranye ibibazo na dipolomasi [[Ubudage|n'Ubudage]] nyuma y’ifatwa ry'umuyobozi mukuru wa protocole ya Perezida [[Paul Kagame]], Rose Kabuye, Mushikiwabo yaganiriye n'ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga kugira ngo asobanure neza uko leta y'u Rwanda ihagaze. Yakoresheje ubuhanga bwe bw'indimi, abasha gutanga ibisobanuro mu ndimi zose zemewe z'u [[Rwanda]], Kinyarwanda, Igifaransa n'Icyongereza. == Ibindi bikorwa == * Inama y’umutekano ya Munich, umwe mu bagize Inama Ngishwanama <ref>[https://www.securityconference.de/en/about/advisory-council/ Advisory Council] [[Munich Security Conference]].</ref> * Ba Nyampinga Mpuzamahanga (IGC), Umunyamuryango <ref>[https://genderchampions.com/champions Members] [[International Gender Champions]] (IGC).</ref> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa ba minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga muri 2017 * Urutonde rwa ba minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga bariho ubu * [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|Inama y'Abaminisitiri mu Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} === Imirimo yatanzwe === * Mushikiwabo, Louise; Kramer, Jack (2007). Rwanda Means the Universe: A Native's Memoir of Blood and Bloodlines. St. Martin's Press. {{ISBN|9781429907316}} .CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) == Ihuza ryo hanze == * rwa{{Commons category-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mushikiwabo, Louise}} [[Category:Abatutsi]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abafaransa]] [[Category:Abanyaporitiki]] h63rh1xw00yiayrgnc2sbpgmagji1kg 0 15256 119369 106652 2024-12-20T21:20:10Z Director Coin 15060 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|2 */ 119369 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:SouthEast_Asia_fires_Oct_2006.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Guhinga no gutwika bishingiye ku guhinduranya ni umuco wamamaye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Hejuru ni ishusho ya satelite ya Sumatra na Borneo yerekana umuriro wo guhinga kuva Ukwakira 2006.]] [[Dosiye:Cultivating_and_weeding_of_millet.jpg|thumb|Guhinga ]] '''Guhinga kwimura''' ni gahunda yu [[Ubuhinzi|buhinzi]] aho usanga imirima ihingwa byigihe gito, hanyuma igatereranwa mugihe ibimera bitangiye guhungabana byemerewe gukura kubuntu mugihe umuhinzi yagiye guhinga ahandi. Igihe cyo guhinga gikunze kurangira iyo ubutaka bwerekana ibimenyetso by umunaniro cyangwa, iyo umurima urengerwa ni byatsi. Igihe cyigihe umurima uhingwamo ubusanzwe ni kigufi ugereranije nigihe ubutaka bwemerewe kubyara bushya kubeshya. == Ibidukikije muri politiki == Guhinduranya guhinga ni uburyo bwu [[Ubuhinzi|buhinzi]] cyangwa gahunda yo guhinga, aho, mugihe runaka, mugihe gito, umurima muto uhingwa kandi benshi bari mu byiciro bitandukanye byo kongera gukura. Igihe kirenze, imirima ihingwa mugihe gito ugereranije, kandi yemerewe gukira, cyangwa igwa, mugihe kirekire. Amaherezo umurima wahinzwe mbere uzahanagurwa ku bimera karemano hanyuma uzongere guhingwa mu bihingwa. Imirima muri sisitemu yo guhinga yashyizweho kandi ihamye ihingwa kandi igwa buri gihe. Ubu bwoko bwo guhinga bwitwa jhumming mu Buhinde. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-04-25 |title=Jhumming, a traditional lifestyle than merely a cultivation method |url=http://sa.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/Jhumming.pdf |access-date=2014-05-06 |website=www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/ |publisher=India Environment Portal}}</ref> == Mu Burayi == == Sosiyete yoroshye no guhindura ibidukikije == [[Dosiye:Bekas_areal_terbakar_(15).JPG|thumb| Guhindura ibihingwa muri Indoneziya. Igihingwa gishya kimera mu butaka bwahiye.]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} === Bibliografiya === * Anderson, A. (1997) Ingaruka zabanjirije Polineziya ku bidukikije bya Nouvelle-Zélande: Te Whenua srf. Ibidukikije byamateka mu birwa bya pasifika: Ibidukikije byabanjirije amateka n’ibidukikije (eds. Kirch, PV na Hunt, TL) Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Yale, New Haven na London, 271-228. * Bartlett, HH (1956) Umuriro, ubuhinzi bwambere, no kurisha mu turere dushyuha. Uruhare rwumuntu muguhindura isura yisi (ed. Thomas, WL) Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Chicago, Chicago na London, 692–720. * Becker, BK (1995) Gukuraho imigani: Amazone, ishyamba ryumujyi. Ibitekerezo bya Berezile kubyerekeye iterambere rirambye ryakarere ka Amazone, Vol. 15 (ibis. Clüsener-Godt, M. na Sachs, I.) UNESCO, Paris 53–89. * Boserup, Ester. * Darby, HC (1956) Kurandura ishyamba ryiburayi. Uruhare rwumuntu muguhindura isura yisi (ed. Thomas, WL) Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Chicago, Chicago na London, 183-22. * Dumond, DE (1961) Ubuhinzi bwihuse no kuzamuka kwimico y'Abamaya. Ikinyamakuru cyo mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba cya Anthropology, 17301–316. * Ellen, R. (1982) Ibidukikije, Kubaho, na Sisitemu: Ibidukikije byimibereho mito mito. Cambridge na New York: Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Cambridge. * Golson, J. (1982a) Impinduramatwara ya Ipomoean yasubiwemo: societe n'ibijumba mu kibaya cyo hejuru cya Wahgi. Ubusumbane muri societe ya Gineya Nshya. (ed. Strathern, A.) Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Cambridge, Cambridge, 109–136. * [[Dosiye:Umurima w'amashu.jpg|thumb|umurima]]Golson, J. (1982b) Kuk n'amateka y'ubuhinzi mu misozi mishya ya Gineya. Melaneziya: Kurenga Ibinyuranye. (ed. Gicurasi, RJ na Nelson, H.) Kaminuza nkuru ya [[Ositaraliya]], Canberra, 297–307. * Humphries, S. (1993) Gushimangira ubuhinzi gakondo mu bahinzi ba Yucatec Maya: guhangana n'ikibazo cyo kubaho neza. Ibidukikije byabantu, 21, 1, 82-102. * Kirch, PV (1984) Ubwihindurize bwabatware ba Polineziya, Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Cambridge, Cambridge. * Kirch, PV na Hunt, TL (ed. * Meggers, BJ (1954) Inzitizi z’ibidukikije ku iterambere ry’umuco. Umunyamerika Anthropologue, [[Dosiye:Agriculture_is_our_backbone_2.jpg|thumb|Kubagara ibihingwa ]]56, 5, 801–824. * Modjeska, N. (1982) Umusaruro nubusumbane: ibitekerezo biva muri Gineya rwagati, A.Strathern (ed. ) Ubusumbane muri New Gineya Highlands Societies, Cambridge: Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Cambridge, 50-108. * Scott, James C. (2009) Ubuhanzi bwo Kutayoborwa. Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Yale, Haven * Steensberg, A. (1993) Gukuraho umuriro Ubworozi: Ubuhanga gakondo kwisi yose. Herning: Poul Kristensen. * Thomas, WL (ed.) (1956) Uruhare rwumuntu muguhindura isura yisi. Uruhare rwumuntu muguhindura isura yisi, Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Chicago, Chicago na London. * Turner, BL (1974) Ubuhinzi bwambere bwibanze mu bibaya bya Maya. Ubumenyi, 185, 4146, 118–124. == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] n8ihl5b3a15qe6ye6i75i303ysacx6o 0 18748 119372 118044 2024-12-21T11:54:43Z SHEMA bernard 15049 Imyandikire 119372 wikitext text/x-wiki Siporo n’uburyo bw’imikorere cyangwa umukino. Akenshi guhatana no gutondekanya, gukoresha siporo, kubungabunga, cyangwa kuzamura ubushobozi nubuhanga. Mu Rwanda ho siporo igaragara mu mikino ndetse no mu mirimo itandukanye isaba n'ingufu, kuburyo ushobora kuba wakora akazi ukagira icyo wiyongeraho kingana n'uwakoze siporo.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/Basanga-siporo-ifite-agaciro-mu-gutunganya-neza-umurimo</ref> [[File:Leisure activity in Mongolia.jpg|thumb|Imyidagaduro]] qlmb5oicqcvvng2dts627iqh32bm1k4 2 19662 119370 2024-12-20T21:25:28Z Director Coin 15060 I added bio 119370 wikitext text/x-wiki ISHIMWE Nistelrooy, known as Coin, is a Film Director based in Rwanda. He is also a professional colorist. 5v2nifczv4bfm8fylpgoadlx49opqhw