Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.8 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 3850 119507 119504 2025-01-03T14:48:42Z Ternera 13866 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/122.172.243.158|122.172.243.158]] ([[User talk:122.172.243.158|talk]]): Rv test (TwinkleGlobal) 119507 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Malesiya</span>]] [[File:Location Malaysia ASEAN.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Malesiya</span>]] '''Malesiya''' cyangwa '''Maleziya''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]] : ''Malaysia'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 31,856,000 (2018), batuye kubuso bwa km² 330,803. [[File:Melaka_Malaysia_Majlis-Bandaraya-Melaka-Bersejarah-02.jpg|thumb|Melaka Malaysia Majlis-Bandaraya-Melaka-Bersejarah-02]] [[File:Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia_Federal-Territory-Mosque-05.jpg|thumb|Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Federal-Territory-Mosque-05]] [[File:Butorides_striata_javanica_@_Kuala_Lumpur,_Malaysia_(3).jpg|thumb|Butorides striata javanica @ Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (3)]] [[File:Gombak_Selangor_Batu-Caves-01.jpg|thumb|Gombak Selangor Batu-Caves-01]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Malesiya]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] a663pon00fledq8qh59glz0iwlp31nm 0 12859 119509 117495 2025-01-04T08:20:19Z 169.255.206.120 /* NYAXO */ 119509 wikitext text/x-wiki Umugabo w'umunyarwenya nyarwanda uzwi ku izina rya nyaxo akaba ari umwe mubasore bakunzwe mu [[Rwanda]] amazina ye bwite nyakuri yiswe nabanyeyi be ni KANYABUGANDE olivier yavutse 1996 akaba akora umwuga wurwenya ndetse na filime nyarwanda ubu akaba Ari umunyarwenya ukomeye mugihugu cyu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]<ref>https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/rib-yemeje-ko-umunyarwenya-nyaxo-afunzwe/</ref> == NYAXO == == AMASHAKIRO<ref>https://www.thechoicelive.com/aisha-umugore-wa-nyaxo-abwiye-irene-ibyo-umusore-yamukoreye-twifata-kumunwa-imbavu-ziranetse</ref> == == akabafit'umukunzi uzwink'aisha bakunda gukinana comedy amazinaye bwite yitwa inkindi aisha == AMASHAKIRO onmv7h95bsx5skeukb1ytneavzp5e51 0 17448 119506 110569 2025-01-03T14:48:04Z Ternera 13866 119506 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishyska cya''' '''FPR - Inkotanyi''' , '''FPR''' ni ishyaka rya politiki riri ku butegetsi mu [[Rwanda]] . Iyobowe na Perezida [[Paul Kagame]], iryo shyaka ryayoboye igihugu kuva aho umutwe waryo witwaje intwaro watsinze ingabo za leta, utsinda intambara yo mu Rwanda mu 1994 . [[Dosiye:Rwandan_Patriotic_Front_Flag.svg|thumb|right|Ibendera ry'umuryango FPR Inkotanyi.]] Kuva muri 1994, ishyaka ryategetse u Rwanda hakoreshejwe amayeri yaranzwe n'ubutegetsi . <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=1–19}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=181–204}}</ref> Amatora y'akoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, burimo kubuza amashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, gufata cyangwa kwica abanegura, n’uburiganya bw’amatora . == Amateka == === Ihuriro ry’u Rwanda ku bumwe bw’igihugu === [[Dosiye:FPR.jpg|thumb]] Nyuma y’ihirikwa rya Idi Amin muri 1979, abanyabwenge b’impunzi [[Abatutsi|b’abatutsi]] muri Uganda bashinze umuryango wa mbere w’impunzi za politiki muri ako karere, '''Umuryango w’abanyarwanda uharanira ubumwe bw’igihugu''' ( RANU ), kugira ngo baganire ku kugaruka mu Rwanda. Nubwo ahanini ari ihuriro ry’ibiganiro by’ubwenge, ryabaye abarwanyi nyuma y’amatora ya Milton Obote yo muri 1980 bituma impunzi nyinshi z’abatutsi zifatanya na [[Yoweri Museveni]] mu ntambara yo muri Uganda . Mu gusubiza, Obote yamaganye ingabo z’igihugu zishinzwe kurwanya Museveni ( NRA ) zigizwe na Banyarwanda . Kugerageza guhatira impunzi zose z’abatutsi mu nkambi z’impunzi muri Gashyantare muri 1982 byatumye habaho isuku ryinshi, bituma impunzi 40.000 zisubira mu Rwanda. U Rwanda rwatangaje ko rwemera 4000 gusa muri bo nk'Abanyarwanda, mu gihe Uganda yatangaje ko bazasubiza 1000 . Abandi bagera 35000 basigaye basigaye mu gihirahiro cyemewe n’akarere k’umupaka kamaze imyaka, aho abasore benshi b’impunzi bagiye bajya muri NRA . <ref>Mahmood Mamdani (2002) ''When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda'', Princeton University Press, pp168–169</ref> Babiri mu barwanyi bagize uruhare mu gitero cy'a NRA mu 1981 cyabereye i Kabamba cyatangiye intambara ni impunzi z'abatutsi: [[Fred Rwigema|Fred Rwigyema]] na [[Paul Kagame]], bakuriye hamwe mu nkambi y'impunzi ya Kahunge kandi bombi bari abanyamuryango ba RANU. Igihe NRA yatsinze yinjira i Kampala muri 1986, hafi kimwe cya kane cy’abarwanyi bayo 16.000 bari Banyarwanda, naho Rwigeyema yari umuyobozi wungirije . Guverinoma ya Museveni imaze gushingwa, Rwigyema yagizwe minisitiri w’ingabo wungirije n’umuyobozi mukuru w’ingabo, aba uwa kabiri nyuma ya Museveni mu mutwe wa gisirikare uyobora igihugu. Kagame yagizwe umuyobozi w'agateganyo w'ubutasi bwa gisirikare. Impunzi z'abatutsi zagize umubare utagereranywa w'abasirikare ba NRA kubera ko bari barinjiye mu myigaragambyo hakiri kare bityo bakaba bariboneye uburambe. <ref name="M1">Mamdani, pp172–173</ref> Ibyo abanyarwanda mu ntambara yahise imenyekana na guverinoma nshya. Amezi atandatu nyuma yo gufata ubutegetsi, Museveni yahinduye ubutegetsi bwemewe n’imyaka myinshi atangaza ko abanyarwanda bari batuye muri Uganda azahabwa ubwenegihugu nyuma y’imyaka 10. Ukuboza 1987, RANU yakoresheje kongere yayo ya karindwi i Kampala maze yiyita Front Patriotic Front ; FPR nshya, yiganjemo abahoze mu ntambara y'abanyarwanda, yari abarwanyi cyane kuruta RANU yambere. <ref name="M1">Mamdani, pp172–173</ref> === Imbere yo gukunda igihugu === ==== Intambara y'abanyagihugu ==== Ku ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, FPR iyobowe na Jenerali Majoro [[Fred Rwigema|Fred Gisa Rwigyema]] yinjiye mu Rwanda, itangiza intambara yo kubohora igihugu. Igitero cya FPR cyabanje gutsinda, nubwo Rwigema yapfuye azize amasasu ku ya 2 Ukwakira. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2021 |title=Was Rwigyema assassinated? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Was-Rwigyema-assassinated-/688342-2470530-j6ff8qz/index.html |access-date=2021-09-08 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en |quote=While the official version from the RPF is that he was killed by the enemy bullet while on the front line, there is a persistent contrary allegation that Rwigyema was in fact assassinated and that the conspiracy to eliminate him was instigated by a fellow RPF senior commander Maj Peter Bayingana who conspired with Maj Chris Bunyenyezi.}}</ref> Icyakora, ingabo za FAR zahawe ubufasha n'Ububiligi, Ubufaransa na Zayire kandi mu gihe cy'ukwezi kumwe zongeye gufata ingamba, bituma FPR isubira muri Uganda . <ref name="HD">Aimable Twagilimana (2007) ''Historical Dictionary of Rwanda'', Scarecrow Press, p204</ref> [[Paul Kagame]], wakoraga amasomo ya gisirikare muri Amerika, yagarutse kuyobora FPR. Nyuma yaho, FPR yitabaje ibitero by'inyeshyamba, yibanda ku turere twa Byumba na Ruhengeri, <ref name="HD">Aimable Twagilimana (2007) ''Historical Dictionary of Rwanda'', Scarecrow Press, p204</ref> yigarurira igice kinini cy'amajyaruguru y'igihugu mu 1992 . <ref name="PH">Arthur S Banks, Thomas C Miller, William R Overstreet & Judith F Isacoff (2009) ''Political Handbook of the World 2009'', CQ Press, p1125</ref> Amaherezo imishyikirano hagati ya FPR na guverinoma yu Rwanda yatumye hasinywa amasezerano ya Arusha muri 1993, bituma abakozi ba FPR n’izindi mpunzi bemerewe gusubira mu gihugu. [10] Imirwano yatangiye ku ya 6 Mata 1994 ubwo indege ya Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] yaraswaga hafi y’ikibuga cy’indege cya Kigali, ikamwica hamwe na Cyprien Ntaryamira, perezida w’Uburundi. Kugeza ubu ntiharamenyekana uwagabye icyo gitero ; FPR yashinje intagondwa z'Abahutu muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda, mu gihe guverinoma yavugaga ko FPR ari yo nyirabayazana w'icyo gitero. <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8453832.stm Hutus 'killed Rwanda President Juvenal Habyarimana'] BBC News, 12 January 2010</ref> Ihanurwa ry'indege ryabaye umusemburo wa jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, yatangiye mu masaha make. Mu gihe cy’iminsi igera ku 100, hishwe abatutsi bagera kuri miliyoni irenga 1.000.000, babitegetswe na guverinoma y’agateganyo yiyise iy'abatabazi iyobowe na Kambanda Jean.<ref name="Meierhenrich">{{Cite journal|pages=72–82}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Bamwe_mu_inkotanyi_10.jpg|thumb|right|Ikibumbano cyerekana ingabo za APR mu gihe cy'urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu giherereye ku nteko ishingamategeko.]] Intsinzi ya FPR yarangiye ubwo [[Kigali]] yafatwaga ku ya 4 Nyakanga ndetse n'igihugu cyose ku ya 18 Nyakanga. FPR yacitsemo ibice mu mutwe wa politiki wagumanye izina rya FPR, n'iy'abasirikare, bitwaga Ingabo z'igihugu zo mu Rwanda ( ubu ni ingabo z'u Rwanda ). ==== Imiyoborere nyuma y'intambara mu Rwanda ==== FPR imaze kwigarurira igihugu, mu 1994, yashyizeho guverinoma y’ubumwe bw’igihugu iyobowe na Perezida Bizimungu Pasteur aho Paul Kagame yabaye umukuru w'ingabo. Muri Gashyantare 1998 , Kagame yatorewe kuba perezida wa FPR , asimbuye Alexis Kanyarengwe, naho muri Werurwe 2000 aba perezida w’igihugu . <ref name="PH">Arthur S Banks, Thomas C Miller, William R Overstreet & Judith F Isacoff (2009) ''Political Handbook of the World 2009'', CQ Press, p1125</ref> Nyuma ya referendumu y’itegeko nshinga muri 2003 , Kagame yatorewe kuba perezida n'amajwi 95 % . FPR yashinze ihuriro n’amashyaka mato mato, yabonye amajwi 74 % mu matora y’abadepite yo muri 2003, yatsindiye imyanya 40 kuri 53 yatowe mu [[Umutwe w’Abadepite|mutwe w’abadepite]] . <ref name="PH" /> Ihuriro ryatsindiye imyanya 42 mu matora y’abadepite yo muri 2008, Kagame yongeye gutorerwa kuba perezida muri 2010 n'amajwi 93 % . Amatora y’abadepite 2013 yagaragaje ko ihuriro riyobowe na FPR ryatsindiye imyanya 41. == Amateka y'amatora == === Amatora ya Perezida === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Amatora ! Umukandida w'ishyaka ! Amajwi ! % ! Igisubizo |- | 2003 | rowspan="3" | [[Paul Kagame]] | 3,544.777 | 95.06% | '''Yatowe''' |- | 2010 | 4,638.560 | 93.08% | '''Yatowe''' |- | 2017 | 6,675.472 | 98,80% | '''Yatowe''' |} === Amatora y'Umutwe w'Abadepite === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Amatora ! Umuyobozi w'ishyaka ! Amajwi ! % ! Intebe ! + / &#x2212; ! Guverinoma |- | 2003 | rowspan="4" | [[Paul Kagame]] | 2.774.661 | 73,78% |{{Composition bar|33|80|{{party color|Rwandan Patriotic Front}}}} |33 | leta ishyize hamwe |- | 2008 | 3,655.956 | 78,76% |{{Composition bar|36|80|{{party color|Rwandan Patriotic Front}}}} |3 | leta ishyize hamwe |- | 2013 | | 76.22% |{{Composition bar|37|80|{{party color|Rwandan Patriotic Front}}}} |1 | leta ishyize hamwe |- | 2018 | 4,926.366 | 73,95% |{{Composition bar|36|80|{{party color|Rwandan Patriotic Front}}}} |1 | leta ishyize hamwe |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ibindi gusoma == == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://rpfinkotanyi.rw/ Urubuga rwemewe] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyaka ya politiki mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kyomf7ckfp1svjbfh2559hj3r4hjg8d 3 19676 119508 2025-01-03T14:49:29Z Ternera 13866 /* Murakaza neza */ new section 119508 wikitext text/x-wiki == Murakaza neza == Murakaza neza! [[Umukoresha:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ternera|talk]]) 14:49, 3 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) 5khwci90inrbsjciabc2ycrkw5jfisi