Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 7454 900821 835949 2024-12-01T05:18:46Z That Northern Irish Historian 99470 That Northern Irish Historian flittit page [[Whitrat]] til [[Auld-world whitrat]]: Neogale is caaed "whitrat" or "wheasal" an aa 835949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{automatic taxobox | image = Mustela nivalis -British Wildlife Centre-4.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Mustela nivalis]]'' | taxon = Mustela | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]] | type_species = ''[[Stoat|Mustela erminea]]'' | type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]] | subdivision_ranks = Speshies | subdivision = {{Plainlist| * ''[[Mustela africana]]'' * ''[[Muntain wheasel|Mustela altaica]]'' * ''[[Stoat-wheasel|Mustela erminea]]'' * ''[[Steppe polecat|Mustela eversmannii]]'' * ''[[Colombie wheasel|Mustela felipei]]'' * ''[[Lang-tailed wheasel|Mustela frenata]]'' * ''[[Japanee weasel|Mustela itatsi]]'' * ''[[Yellae-bellied wheasel|Mustela kathiah]]'' * ''[[European mink|Mustela lutreola]]'' * ''[[Indonesie muntain wheasel|Mustela lutreolina]]'' * ''[[Black-fittit ferret|Mustela nigripes]]'' * ''[[Least wheasel|Mustela nivalis]]'' * ''[[Malayan wheasel|Mustela nudipes]]'' * ''[[Foumart|Mustela putorius]]'' * ''[[Siberian wheasel|Mustela sibirica]]'' * ''[[Back-striped wheasel|Mustela strigidorsa]]'' * ''[[Egyptian wheasel|Mustela subpalmata]]'' }} | range_map = Mustela range.png | range_map_caption = ''Mustela'' range }} The '''Whitrat''' or '''wheasel''' o the genus ''Mustela'', is a smaw carnivore. The name is whiles gien the [[foumart]] or [[stoat-wheasel]]. <!--Members of this genus are small, active predators, with long and slender bodies and short legs. The faimily ''[[Mustelidae]]'', or mustelids, (which includes badgers, otters, and wolverines an aw) is often referred to as the "whitrat faimily". Whitrats vary in length from 173 to 217 mm (6 3⁄4 to 8 1⁄2 in), females being smawer nor the males, and usually have reid or brown upper coats and white bellies; some populations of some species moult to a wholly white coat in winter. They have long, slender bodies, which enable them to follow their prey into burrows. Their tails may be from 34 to 52 mm (1 1⁄4 to 2 in) long. Whitrats feed on small mammals and have from time to time been considered vermin because some species took poultry from farms or rabbits from commercial warrens. They do, on the other hand, eat large numbers of rodents. They can be found all across the world except for Africae (outside Egip), the Middle East, the Indie Subcontinent, Austrailie, the Caribbie Isles, the Sooth Pole, and the neighbouring isles. ==Whitrats in cultur== Whitrats have been assigned a variety of cultural meanings. In Greek culture, a weasel near one's house is a sign of bad luck, even evil, "especially if there is in the household a girl about to be married", since the animal (based on its Greek etymology) was thought to be an unhappy bride who was transformed into a weasel and consequently delights in destroying wedding dresses. In neighboring Macedone, however, weasels are generally seen as an omen of good fortune. In early-modern Mecklenburg, Germany, amulets from weasels were deemed to have strong magic; the period between 15 August and 8 September was specifically designated for the killing of weasels. In Montagne Noire (Fraunce), Ruthenia, and the early medieval culture of the Wends, weasels were not meant to be killed. In North Americae, Native Americans (in the region of Chatham County, North Carolina) deemed the weasel to be a bad sign; crossing its path meant a "speedy death". According to Daniel Defoe also, meeting a weasel is a bad omen. In English-speaking areas, weasel can be an insult, noun or verb, for someone regarded as sneaky, conniving or untrustworthy. Similarly, "weasel words" is a critical term for words or phrasing that are vague, misleading or equivocal. ===In Japan=== In Japan, whitrats (鼬、鼬鼠, itachi) were seen as yōkai (causing strange occurrences). According to the encyclopedia Wakan Sansai Zue from the Edo period, a pack of whitrats would cause conflagrations, and the cry of a whitrat was considered a harbinger of misfortune. In the Niigata Prefecture, the sound of a pack of whitrats making a rustle resembled six people hulling rice, so was called the "whitrat's six-person mortar", and it was an omen for one's home to decline or flourish. It is said that when people chase after this sound, the sound stops. They are said to shapeshift like the tod (kitsune) or tanuki an aw, and the nyūdō-bōzu told about in legends in the Tōhoku region and the Chūbu region are considered whitrats in disguise, and they are said to shapeshift into ōnyūdō and little monks as weel. In the collection of depictions, the Gazu Hyakki Yagyō by Sekien Toriyama, they were depicted under the title 鼬, but they were read not as "itachi", but rather as "ten", and "ten" were considered to be whitrats that have reached one hundred years of age and became yōkai that possessed supernatural powers. Another theory is that when whitrats reach several hundred years of age, they become mujina (Japanee badgers). In Japanee, whitrats are called iizuna or izuna (飯綱) and in the Tōhoku Region and Shinshu, it was believed that there were families that were able to use a certain practice to freely use kudagitsune as iizuna-tsukai or kitsune-mochi. It is said that Mount Iizuna, from the Nagano Prefecture, got its name due to how the gods gave people mastery of this technique from there. According to the folkloristician Mutō Tetsujō, "They are called izuna in the Senboku District, Akita Prefecture, and there are also the ichiko (itako) that use them." In the Kitaakita District, they are called mōsuke (猛助), and they are feared as yōkai even more than foxes (kitsune). In the Ainu leid, ermines are called upas-čironnup or sáčiri, but since least weasels are called sáčiri as weel, Mashio Chiri surmised that the honorary title poy-sáčiri-kamuy (where poy means "small") refers to least weasels. --> {{Commonscat|Mustela}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q28521}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Whitrats| ]] [[Category:Fauna o Sootheast Asie]] [[Category:Japanese leegendary craiturs]] [[Category:Mammals o Asie]] [[Category:Mammals o Europe]] [[Category:Mammals o North Americae]] [[Category:Yōkai]] {{stub/Ainimal}} kunddrfh6l1wu5zuipjvgr9nd3ypxg3 0 9163 900816 800115 2024-12-01T04:52:14Z Xqbot 2526 Fixin dooble reguidal til [[Dauvit I, King o Scots]] 900816 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dauvit I, King o Scots]] 14q4tad7bgjmdav04g2tpmcph4yt3g4 0 12224 900794 876953 2024-11-30T12:34:30Z 45.232.185.113 900794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|logo=Logo of Moskvich.svg|logo_size=230px|name=JSC Moscow Automobile Plant Moskvitch|logo_caption=Logo since 2022|image=Осмотр завода «Москвич» и подписание соглашения с ПАО «КамАЗ» (06).jpg|image_size=|image_alt=|image_caption=Moscow Automotive Plant Moskvitch|native_name=АО «Московский автомобильный завод «Москвич»|native_name_lang=ru|industry=[[Automotive]]|predecessor={{Unbulleted list|KIM (1930-1945)|ZMA/MZMA (1945-1968) |[[AZLK]] (1968–1993) |OAO Moskvitch (1993–1998) |Avtoframos (1998-2014)|[[Renault Russia]] (2014-2022) }}|foundation=6 November 1930|location=|hq_location_city=[[Moscow]]|hq_location_country=[[Russia]]|products=cars, SUVs, pickup trucks, sports vehicles, vans|area_served=[[Russia]]<br />[[Mongolia]]|key_people={{Unbulleted list|Hans-Peter Moser ([[General Manager]])|Dmitry Valentinovich Pronin ([[Chairperson]]) }}|owner=[[Government of Moscow]]|num_employees=|net_income=|operating_income=|homepage=[https://moskvich-auto.ru/ Moskvich <small>(ru)</small>]}} '''Moskvitch''' or '''Moskvich''' (also written as ''Moskvich'', ''Moskvič'', or ''Moskwitsch'') wis an [[automobile]] [[brand]] frae [[Roushie]] produced bi [[AZLK]] frae 1945 tae 1991 an bi '''OAO Moskvitch''' frae 1991 tae 2002. ''OAO Moskvitch'' wis a privatized ventur name gien tae the umwhile factory in order tae avoid legal issues efter the faw o the [[Soviet Union]] in 1991. Syne the factory haed nae assembly branches ootside Roushie efter 1991, its name is lairgely uised the day tae refer tae the buildin locatit in Lawer Eastren pairt o Moscow an abandoned syne 2006. The wird ''moskvitch'' ([[Roushie leid|Roushie]]:москвич) itself translates as "(a) Muscovite" intae Inglis. It wis uised tae pynt oot the oreeginal location o the caurs manufactured ootside o Moscow. {{Commonscat|Moskvich vehicles}} [[Category:Caur manufacturers]] [[Category:Companies established in 1991]] [[Category:Companies disestablished in 2006]] [[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers o Roushie]] [[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers o the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Soviet automobiles]] [[Category:Soviet buists]] [[Category:Moskvitch|*]] [[Category:Companies based in Moscow]] [[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers]] g3s8ioo4541igfk528fac37262zdtmo 0 12926 900798 886590 2024-11-30T13:13:44Z 2A00:1028:8386:4336:D148:6A72:821:9A40 900798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Linkrot}} [[File:1996 Ferrari FX - dk blu met - fvl (4653162375).jpg|right|thumb|1996 Ferrari FX at the Marconi Museum.]] The '''Ferrari FX''' is a [[Ferrari]] automobile which wis custom made for the [[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan o Brunei]] bi [[Pininfarina]].<ref name="fx" >[http://www.supercars.net/cars/3597.html Ferrari FX at Supercars.net]</ref> It featurt the Flat 12 ingine from the [[Ferrari Testarossa]] an a 7 speed sequential [[Transmission (mechanics)|transmission]] from the [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] [[BMW]] [[Formula Ane]] team.<ref name="fx"/> Anerlie seiven caurs wur iver made, sax o which wur delivered tae the Ryal Faimily in [[Brunei]].<ref name="fx"/> [[Dick Marconi]] managed tae acquire vehicle nummer fower frae Williams afore it shipped tae Brunei an it is nou on display at the Marconi Museum in [[Tustin, California]].<ref name="fx"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rides.webshots.com/photo/2338445760079378792KYDiju |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-10-29 |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718020409/http://rides.webshots.com/photo/2338445760079378792KYDiju |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * http://www.marconimuseum.org [[Category:Ane-aff automobiles]] [[Category:Ferrari vehicles|FX]] {{Stub/Italy}} {{Stub/Asie}} {{Stub/Caur}} 9h4e984af2sni21zb8zd3hjwkp66jjf 900799 900798 2024-11-30T14:36:26Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o 2A00:1028:8386:4336:D148:6A72:821:9A40, chynged back tae last version bi InternetArchiveBot 886590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Linkrot}} [[File:1996 Ferrari FX - dk blu met - fvl (4653162375).jpg|right|thumb|1996 Ferrari FX at the Marconi Museum.]] The '''Ferrari FX''' is a [[Ferrari]] automobile which wis custom made for the [[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan o Brunei]] bi [[Pininfarina]].<ref name="fx" >[http://www.supercars.net/cars/3597.html Ferrari FX at Supercars.net]</ref> It featurt the Flat 12 ingine o the [[Ferrari Testarossa]] an a 7 speed sequential [[Transmission (mechanics)|transmission]] frae the [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] [[BMW]] [[Formula Ane]] team.<ref name="fx"/> Anerlie seiven caurs wur iver made, sax o which wur delivered tae the Ryal Faimily in [[Brunei]].<ref name="fx"/> [[Dick Marconi]] managed tae acquire vehicle nummer fower frae Williams afore it shipped tae Brunei an it is nou on display at the Marconi Museum in [[Tustin, California]].<ref name="fx"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rides.webshots.com/photo/2338445760079378792KYDiju |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-10-29 |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718020409/http://rides.webshots.com/photo/2338445760079378792KYDiju |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * http://www.marconimuseum.org [[Category:Ane-aff automobiles]] [[Category:Ferrari vehicles|FX]] {{Stub/Italy}} {{Stub/Asie}} {{Stub/Caur}} 2llbt42tx58xu7bbg6vi5dm6yv0emx6 0 12950 900812 866549 2024-12-01T04:46:41Z That Northern Irish Historian 99470 "An aa" muived tae end 900812 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:1949 Holden 48-215 sedan 01.jpg|thumb|1949 Holden 48-215 sedan]] [[File:1951-1953 Holden 50-2106 01.jpg|thumb|right|Holden 50-2106 coupé utility]] The '''Holden 48-215''', kent unofficially as the '''Holden FX''' an aa, is a [[mid-size caur|mid-size]], sax-cylinder sedan which wis produced bi the [[Australie|Australia]]n [[automaker]], [[Holden|General Motors–Holden's Ltd]] atween November 1948 an October 1953.<ref name = heritage>{{cite web | last = Davis | first = Tony | coauthors = Kennedy, Alistair; Kennedy, Ewan | date = February 2007 | url = http://media.gmcanada.com:8221/aus/holden/en/company/history/HH13Part1.pdf | format = PDF | title = The Holden Heritage - 13th Edition (Part One) | publisher = [[Holden|GM Holden]] | pages = 38–39 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5sm1y5uLn?url=http://media.gmcanada.com:8221/aus/holden/en/company/history/HH13Part1.pdf | archivedate = 2010-09-16 | access-date = 2010-10-29 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The design wis originally penned in the [[Unitit States]] bi [[Chevrolet]] afore [[Warld War II]], but wis rejectit acause it wis deemed too sma for the U.S. market. Instead the design became the basis o the 48-215 model. Development o the 48-215 began in 1944. Three prototypes wur built bi hand in 1946 bi American an Australian ingineers at the General Motors wirkshop in Detroit. Efter months o durability an performance tests in Americae, these prototypes wur shipped tae Australie. The sole survivin prototype, Holden Prototype Car No. 1, is pairt o the [[Naitional Museum o Australie]] collection. The Holden wis released for sale tae the public in 1948 at [[Port Melbourne, Victoria]], bi the then Australian Prime Meenister, [[Ben Chifley]]. The caur wis marketit simply as the “Holden”, athoot a model name. <ref>Terry Bebbington & Michel A. Malk, 45 years of Holden, 1994, page 14</ref> The [[Holden Ute|50-2106 Coupe Utility]], based on the 48-215 sedan, wis released in Januar 1951 <ref> The Holden Heritage, Eight Edition </ref> an in Julie 1953 the [[Holden Business Sedan]], essentially a taxi version o the 48-215, wis addit tae the range. <ref> Aussie Cars, © 1987 </ref> The 48-215 model made way for the updatit [[Holden FJ]] in 1953, which woud later became an iconic Australian caur. <gallery> File:The First Holden.jpg|The First Holden 48-215 sedan aaff the production line. File:Holden_48_215_advertisement_01.jpg|An advertisement for the 48-215 frae 1948. Note that it wis juist marketit as "Holden". </gallery> == References == {{Reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/gallery/pdf/Holden_48215.pdf Holden 48-215 sales brochure] Retrieved frae Unique Cars and Parts on 15 September 2008 * [http://www.holden.itgo.com/fx.html Holden 48-215] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110213544/http://holden.itgo.com/fx.html |date=2010-11-10 }} * [http://www.nma.gov.au/collections/holden_prototype_car_no_1/ Holden Prototype Car No. 1 at the Naitional Museum o Australie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317111424/http://www.nma.gov.au/collections/holden_prototype_car_no_1/ |date=2011-03-17 }} {{Holden timeline}} {{Commonscat|Holden Standard}} [[Category:Caurs o Australie]] [[Category:First automobile made bi manufacturer]] [[Category:Holden vehicles bi series|48-215]] kcdy33lnx4g213e1zalvx9dtsuyplnc 0 12969 900792 870038 2024-11-30T12:29:45Z 45.232.185.113 900792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=GM Korea Company|native_name={{lang|ko|한국지엠주식회사}}|former_name=GM Daewoo Auto and Technology Co.|logo=General Motors (2021).svg|image=Bupyeong-gu Incheon Korea.jpg|image_caption=View of the plant (front) in July 2010|type=[[Subsidiary]]|predecessor=[[Daewoo Motors]]|foundation={{Start date and age|2002}}<ref name="Choe Sang-Hun 2006">{{Cite news |last=Sang-Hun |first=Choe |date=23 May 2006 |title=In Daewoo, GM finds gold in overall gloom |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/23/business/worldbusiness/23iht-daewoo.html |access-date=4 September 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>|location_city=[[Bupyeong District]], [[Incheon]]|location_country=South Korea|key_people=Hector Villarreal ([[President (corporate title)|President]] and [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]]) <br /> Brian McMurray ([[President (corporate title)|President]] of GMTCK)|num_employees=9,200 (2023)|industry=[[automotive industry|Automotive]]|products=[[car|Automobiles]], [[pickup truck]]s|production={{increase}} 468,059 (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=GM Korea's sales reach record 468,000 units in 2023|url=https://m-en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20240103008600320|access-date=3 January 2024 |website=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|language=en-US}}</ref>{{efn|The figure only includes the South Korea-built vehicles.}}|revenue={{decrease}} {{SK won|12.92 [[Trillion (short scale)|trillion]]|link=yes}} (2014)<ref name="KH">{{Cite web |last=Kang |first=Su-min |date=11 April 2015 |script-title=ko:르노삼성과 한국GM, 지난해 전혀 다른 길 걸었다 |trans-title=Renault Samsung and GM Korea were in a completely different path last year |url=http://www.businesspost.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=11412 |access-date=25 November 2015 |website=businesspost.co.kr |publisher=Business Post |language=ko}}</ref>|parent=[[General Motors]]|divisions={{Unbulleted list | [[Chevrolet]] | [[Cadillac]] | [[GMC (automobile)|GMC]] | GM Technical Center Korea }} {{Collapsible list | title = Former | [[Buick LaCrosse#Alpheon|Alpheon]] | [[Chevrolet Europe]] | [[Daewoo Motors|Daewoo]] | [[GM Vietnam]] }}|homepage={{URL|gm-korea.co.kr}}|module={{Infobox Korean name | child = yes | hangul = 한국지엠 | hanja = 韓國지엠 | rr = Hanguk Jiem | mr = Han'guk Chiem }}}} '''GM Korea Company'''{{efn|Also spelled as {{lang|ko|한국GM주식회사}}, {{IPA|ko|haːnɡuk tɕ͈i em dʑuɕikʰøsa|IPA}}}} is the third lairgest [[Sooth Korea]]n [[automobile manufacturer]], an a subsidar o [[General Motors]]. GM Korea's roots go back tae the umwhile [[Daewoo|Daewoo Group]] which went bankrupt in 1999. It haes five manufacturin facilities in [[Korea]] as well as an assembly facility in [[Vietnam]]. In addition, GM Korea provides mercat an buist-specific vehicle kits for assembly at GM facilities in [[Cheenae]], [[Thailand]], [[Indie]], [[Colombie]] an [[Venezuela]]. In 2008, GM Daewoo sauld in Korea an exportit mair nor 1.9 million units, includin [[Complete knock doun|CKD]] products. GM Daewoo nou produces vehicles an kits for [[Chevrolet]], [[Buick]], [[GMC (automobile)|GMC]], [[Opel]], [[Vauxhall Motors|Vauxhall]], [[Holden]], [[Suzuki]], [[Honda]], [[Kia Motors|Kia]], [[Fiat]] an [[Pontiac]] that are affered in mair nor 150 mercats on sax continents. On 20 Januar 2011, General Motors annooncit that GM Daewoo wad be renamit GM Korea "tae reflect [Daewoo's] hichtened status in [the] global operations o GM,"<ref>{{cite web|title=GM introduces new name, brand for S. Korean unit|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/business/2011/01/20/33/0501000000AEN20110120004100320F.HTML|publisher=Yonhap News|accessdate=2011-09-07|date=2011-01-20}}</ref> effective Mairch 2011. Maist o the umwhile Daewoo products wur rechristened as [[Chevrolet]]s. GM´s luxury division [[Cadillac]] is available in Sooth Korea an aw. ==Notes== {{Reflist|group="note"}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|Daewoo vehicles}} [[Category:Companies established in 1937]] [[Category:Caur manufacturers]] [[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers o Sooth Korea]] [[Category:Larrie manufacturers]] [[Category:General Motors marques|Daewoo]] 4bqj8excmp0zy09qewrx8k3eqdkg5bx 0 13465 900788 826673 2024-11-30T12:02:40Z 45.232.185.113 900788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|logo=|industry=[[Automotive industry|Automotive]]|founded={{Start date and age|1983}}|defunct={{End date|2002}}|hq_location_city=[[Tianjin]]|hq_location_country=China|owner=[[FAW Group]]|parent=[[FAW Tianjin]]|website={{URL|huali.com.cn}}}} '''Huali''' is a brand o [[Tianjin Xiali|Tianjin Auto Works Company]], a caur manufacturer subsidiary o [[First Automobile Works|First Automobile Works Group]]. [[Image:Snub.jpg|right|thumb|An auld Huali Dafa based on [[Daihatsu Hijet]]]] The '''Huali Dafa''' is an extremely popular three-cylinder [[microvan]] in the [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]]. It is weel kent for its law cost an reliability. It is hichtlie identifiable bi its unique curved "snub" shape. For this reason it is commonly nicknamed the "[[breid]] caur". Production o the Huali Dafa wis discontinued some time ago, but hunders o thoosans remain on the roads o Cheenae. Bi far, its maist common colour is [[Maroon (color)|maroon]], follaed bi siller. The day, Huali produces twa rebadged versions o the first-generation [[Daihatsu Terios]] ('''Huali Dario''') an the first-generation [[Daihatsu Move]] ('''Huali Yiqi'''). == Freemit airtins == *[http://www.huali.com.cn/zycp.asp Huali Wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824030018/http://www.huali.com.cn/zycp.asp |date=2007-08-24 }} [[Category:Caurs o Cheenae]] [[Category:FAW]] 9hxejizr4eibxl4gn4fwdlcdeg6498w 0 13854 900795 824207 2024-11-30T12:37:42Z 45.232.185.113 900795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox automobile|name=Buick GL8|image=2023 SAIC-GM Buick GL8 Century.jpg|caption=2023 Buick GL8 Century|manufacturer=[[SAIC-GM]]|production=1999–present|class=[[Minivan]]|layout=[[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|Transverse front-engine, front-wheel drive]]/[[Front-engine, all-wheel-drive layout|all-wheel drive]]|platform=[[GM U platform]]}}The '''Buick GL8''' is a [[minivan]] sauld bi [[General Motors]]' [[Buick]] division in [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]]. Introduced in 2000, the GL8 is seemilar tae the [[Pontiac Montana]]. Unlik ither GM minivans, a ruif rack wis niver affered. It wis redesigned for 2005; housomeivver, it haes a mair aerodynamic an futuristic leuk than its [[Unitit States|American]] an [[Canadae|Canadian]] coonterpairts, the [[Buick Terraza]], the [[Chevrolet Uplander]], the [[Pontiac Montana]], an the [[Saturn Relay]]. ==Models== The regular wheelbase GL8 is kent as the GL8 2.5 while the extendit wheelbase variant is cawed the GL8 Firstland. Thare are fower trim levels available, cawed the LT, CT1, CT2, an GT (which is ae available on the Firstland). In October 2001, the first bunch o Buick GL10s (10 passenger versions o the 1st-generation GL8) war exportit tae the Philippines. Engines: * '''GL8 2.5''': [[GM 60-Degree V6 engine#LB8 2|2.5&nbsp;L V6 engine]] * '''GL8 Firstland''': [[GM 60-Degree V6 engine#LW9|3.0&nbsp;L V6]] ==Prototype== In 2001, the Buick GL8 XEA1 or Phoenix wis developed as a collaboration atween General Motors an Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC). The Buick GL8 XAE1 is a hybrid vehicle that uises a 35&nbsp;kW fuel cell an compressed hydrogen gas tae deliver its pouer. The General Motors Phoenix wis offeecially unveiled at the Pan Asia Automotive Technology Center in Cheenae in the year 2001. ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.buick.com.cn/gl8/index.aspx Offeecial site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509174603/http://www.buick.com.cn/gl8/index.aspx |date=2007-05-09 }} - In Cheenese *[http://www.shanghaigm.com/www/html/actionCATEGORY_PG_CategorySearch/CategoryNode.id33/Categorysmallbean.pid33/Categorysmallbean.id46/Categorydocumentdetail.id233.html Buick GL8 information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228145322/http://www.shanghaigm.com/www/html/actionCATEGORY_PG_CategorySearch/CategoryNode.id33/Categorysmallbean.pid33/Categorysmallbean.id46/Categorydocumentdetail.id233.html |date=2008-12-28 }} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Buick vehicles|GL8]] [[Category:Minivans]] [[Category:Caurs o Cheenae]] [[Category:Front-wheel-drive vehicles]] [[Category:2000s automobiles]] [[Category:2010s automobiles]] [[Category:Vehicles introduced in 2000]] edxs2sfhtq015vfhlp9r0gw15sh0v2q 0 13857 900796 872266 2024-11-30T12:39:30Z 45.232.185.113 900796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=Hafei Motor Co., Ltd.<br/> 哈飞汽车|caption=|type=[[Subsidiary]]|genre=|fate=Merged into [[Changan Ford]]|predecessor=|successor=|foundation=1980 <ref name="hafei1">{{cite web|title=历史长廊 1980-1985年|url=http://hafeiauto.com.cn/sub0101-5.php?type_id=10 |access-date=2022-06-20|publisher=Hafei|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310111244/http://hafeiauto.com.cn/sub0101-5.php?type_id=10 |archive-date=2013-03-10}}</ref>|founder=|defunct=2015|location_city=[[Harbin]], [[Heilongjiang]]|location_country=[[China]]|location=|locations=|area_served=|key_people=|industry=[[Automotive]]|products=[[Motor vehicles]]|services=|revenue=|operating_income=|net_income=|aum=|assets=|equity=|owner=|num_employees=|parent=[[Chang'an Automobile Group]]|divisions=|subsid=|homepage=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050716004438/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/Hafei]|footnotes=|intl=}} '''Hafei''', officially '''Hafei Motor Co., Ltd.''' ({{zh|s=哈飞汽车}}), is a [[Cheenae|Cheenese]] hauldin company whose subsidiaries mak minivans, sma motor vehicles an automobile ingines.<ref name="about">[http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm Brief Introduction to HF Automobile Group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028015544/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm |date=2007-10-28 }} Hafei Official Site</ref> Subsidiaries include the auto-makin '''Hafei Motor Co Ltd'''<ref>[http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=5503860 Hafei Motor Co., Ltd.] businessweek.com</ref> an the ingine maker '''Harbin Dongan Auto Ingine Co''' ({{SSE|600178}}), which is leetit on the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]].<ref name="reuters">[http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSHA12402820080125 Dongfeng Motor eyes Hafei and engine maker-source] reuters.com, Fri Jan 25, 2008 5:27am EST</ref> '''Hafei''' branded caurs mey be rare ootside o thair hame region o north-eastren [[Cheenae]].<ref>[http://www.chinacartimes.com/2009/01/09/hafei-working-on-pure-electric-vehicle/ Hafei working on pure electric vehicle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025062257/http://www.chinacartimes.com/2009/01/09/hafei-working-on-pure-electric-vehicle/ |date=2011-10-25 }} chinacartimes.com, 9 JANUARY 2009</ref> ==History== [[Image:Chinacar.JPG|thumb|right|Hafei centre in Chile]] Hafei wis umwhile awned bi [[Aviation Industry Corporation o Cheenae]].<ref name="news"/> But promptit bi [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenese State]] policy encouragin the consolidation o automakers, in 2009 the [[Chang'an Motors|state-run parent]] o '''Chongqing [[Chang'an Motors|Changan Automobile]]''' ({{Szse|000625}}) teuk ower maist Hafei-relatit assets<ref name="news"/><ref name="xin">[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-02/22/c_13182876.htm New policy to encourage China's carmaker consolidation] xinhuanet.com, 2010-02-22 10:27:20</ref> includin '''Harbin Hafei Automobile Industry Group''' an '''Harbin Dongan Auto Ingine ({{SSE|600178}})'''.<ref name="news">[http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSHA28311020091110 UPDATE 2-Changan Auto claims China's No.3 spot with AVIC deal] reuters.com, Tue Nov 10, 2009 4:55am EST</ref> As o 2009, the company haes exportit products tae a tot o 40 nations,<ref name="about"/> includin Roushie.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.ce.cn/Insight/200708/31/t20070831_12750349.shtml|title=Domestic auto makers foray into overseas market|last=Weiwei|first=Wang|date=31 August 2007|publisher=China Economic Net|accessdate=2009-08-06|archive-date=2011-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927105618/http://en.ce.cn/Insight/200708/31/t20070831_12750349.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Products== Products include: *'''Baili'''<ref name="about"/> *[[Hafei Lobo|Lobo]],<ref name="about"/> a smaw ceety car, which wis designed bi [[Pininfarina]].<ref>[http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafei.php ABOUT HAFEI (SINGAPORE)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907142059/http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafei.php |date=2009-09-07 }} Hafei Singapore Official Site</ref> *'''Minyi'''<ref name="about"/> *[[Hafei Ruiyi|Ruiyi]]<ref name="about"/> *'''Saibao''', which wis designed bi Pininfarina. ** The Coda Sedan [[battery-electric vehicle]] frae [[Coda Automotive]] uises the Saibao III body wi different front an rear [[Fascia (caur)|fascias]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/10/hafei-saibao-ev-the-first-chinese-made-car-to-be-sold-in-the-u-s/ |title=Hafei Saibao EV: The First Chinese-made Car to Be Sold in the U.S.? |publisher=ChinaAutoWeb.com |access-date=2010-11-26 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722042726/http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/10/hafei-saibao-ev-the-first-chinese-made-car-to-be-sold-in-the-u-s/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://carketchup.com/?p=24 |title=California-based Coda Automotive to sell rebadged Hafei Saibao III as electric sedan |author=Brian Pao |date=2009-06-04 |publisher=[http://carketchup.com CarKetchup] |accessdate=2010-02-27 |archive-date=2013-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904070939/http://carketchup.com/?p=24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *'''Saima''',<ref name="about"/> a sma ceety caur,<ref name="cct">[http://www.chinacartimes.com/2008/01/09/hafei-believes-it-can-sell-270000-motors-in-08/ Hafei believes it can sell 270,000 motors in 08] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926031813/http://www.chinacartimes.com/2008/01/09/hafei-believes-it-can-sell-270000-motors-in-08/ |date=2012-09-26 }} chinacartimes.com, 9 JANUARY 2008</ref> which includes Mitsubishi technology.<ref name="pin"/> *'''Songhhuajiang'''<ref name="about"/> *[[Hafei Zhongyi|Zhongyi]],<ref name="about"/> designed bi Pininfarina<ref name="pin">[http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafeichina.php ABOUT HAFEI (CHINA) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111085324/http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafeichina.php |date=2011-01-11 }} Hafei Singapore Official Site</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="200" heights="120"> File:Hafei_Baili_HJF7090_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Baili_HJF7090_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|Hafei Baili File:2008_Hafei_Lobo_(front).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2008_Hafei_Lobo_(front).jpg|Hafei Lobo File:Hafei_Zhongyi_HFJ_6376.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Zhongyi_HFJ_6376.jpg|Hafei Zhongyi File:Hafei_Ruiyi_(front_quarter).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Ruiyi_(front_quarter).jpg|Hafei Ruiyi File:Hafei_Zhongyi_V5_001.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Zhongyi_V5_001.jpg|Hafei Zhongyi V5 File:Hafei_Minyi_M408.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Minyi_M408.jpg|Hafei Minyi M408 File:2008_Hafei_Minyi,_front_8.5.18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2008_Hafei_Minyi,_front_8.5.18.jpg|Hafei Minyi File:2013_Hafei_Xin-Minyi,_front_8.3.18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2013_Hafei_Xin-Minyi,_front_8.3.18.jpg|Hafei Xin-Minyi (Second generation Minyi) File:Hafei_Luzun_Dabawang.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Luzun_Dabawang.jpg|Hafei Dabawang (Luzun-Dabawang) File:2012_Hafei_Luzun-Xiaobawang_(Minyi),_front_8.8.18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2012_Hafei_Luzun-Xiaobawang_(Minyi),_front_8.8.18.jpg|Hafei Xiaobawang (Luzun-Xiaobawang) File:Hafei_Saibao_III_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Saibao_III_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|Hafei Saibao III File:Hafei_Saibao_V_01_China_2019-03-17.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Saibao_V_01_China_2019-03-17.jpg|Hafei Saibao V File:Hafei_Saima_facelift_II_China_2015-04-18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Saima_facelift_II_China_2015-04-18.jpg|Hafei Saima facelift </gallery>{{clear}} ==Production bases== Hafei haes production facilities in northren Cheenae.<ref>[http://www.insideline.com/dongfeng/another-china-merger-dongfeng-may-acquire-hafei.html Another China Merger? Dongfeng May Acquire Hafei] insideline.com, Jan 28, 2008</ref> ==References== <references/> ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/ Hafei Automobile Group Offeecial Wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419014823/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/en/ |date=2013-04-19 }} {{zh icon}} *[http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm Hafei Automobile Group Inglis Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028015544/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm |date=2007-10-28 }} {{Motor vehicle manufacturers o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae}} {{Commons|Hafei vehicles}} {{Portal|Companies}} {{Commonscat|Hafei vehicles}} [[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers o Cheenae]] [[Category:Caur manufacturers o Cheenae]] [[Category:Companies established in 1994]] 5lb73jkus9rr3ydpvnm3uev4advykvv 900797 900796 2024-11-30T12:40:51Z 45.232.185.113 /* History */ 900797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=Hafei Motor Co., Ltd.<br/> 哈飞汽车|caption=|type=[[Subsidiary]]|genre=|fate=Merged into [[Changan Ford]]|predecessor=|successor=|foundation=1980 <ref name="hafei1">{{cite web|title=历史长廊 1980-1985年|url=http://hafeiauto.com.cn/sub0101-5.php?type_id=10 |access-date=2022-06-20|publisher=Hafei|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310111244/http://hafeiauto.com.cn/sub0101-5.php?type_id=10 |archive-date=2013-03-10}}</ref>|founder=|defunct=2015|location_city=[[Harbin]], [[Heilongjiang]]|location_country=[[China]]|location=|locations=|area_served=|key_people=|industry=[[Automotive]]|products=[[Motor vehicles]]|services=|revenue=|operating_income=|net_income=|aum=|assets=|equity=|owner=|num_employees=|parent=[[Chang'an Automobile Group]]|divisions=|subsid=|homepage=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050716004438/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/Hafei]|footnotes=|intl=}} '''Hafei''', officially '''Hafei Motor Co., Ltd.''' ({{zh|s=哈飞汽车}}), is a [[Cheenae|Cheenese]] hauldin company whose subsidiaries mak minivans, sma motor vehicles an automobile ingines.<ref name="about">[http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm Brief Introduction to HF Automobile Group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028015544/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm |date=2007-10-28 }} Hafei Official Site</ref> Subsidiaries include the auto-makin '''Hafei Motor Co Ltd'''<ref>[http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=5503860 Hafei Motor Co., Ltd.] businessweek.com</ref> an the ingine maker '''Harbin Dongan Auto Ingine Co''' ({{SSE|600178}}), which is leetit on the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]].<ref name="reuters">[http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSHA12402820080125 Dongfeng Motor eyes Hafei and engine maker-source] reuters.com, Fri Jan 25, 2008 5:27am EST</ref> '''Hafei''' branded caurs mey be rare ootside o thair hame region o north-eastren [[Cheenae]].<ref>[http://www.chinacartimes.com/2009/01/09/hafei-working-on-pure-electric-vehicle/ Hafei working on pure electric vehicle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025062257/http://www.chinacartimes.com/2009/01/09/hafei-working-on-pure-electric-vehicle/ |date=2011-10-25 }} chinacartimes.com, 9 JANUARY 2009</ref> ==History== [[Image:Chinacar.JPG|thumb|right|Hafei centre in Chile]] Hafei wis umwhile awned bi [[Aviation Industry Corporation o Cheenae]].<ref name="news"/> But promptit bi [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenese State]] policy encouragin the consolidation o automakers, in 2009 the [[Chang'an Motors|state-run parent]] o '''Chongqing [[Chang'an Motors|Changan Automobile]]''' ({{Szse|000625}}) teuk ower maist Hafei-relatit assets<ref name="news"/><ref name="xin">[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-02/22/c_13182876.htm New policy to encourage China's carmaker consolidation] xinhuanet.com, 2010-02-22 10:27:20</ref> includin '''Harbin Hafei Automobile Industry Group''' an '''Harbin Dongan Auto Ingine ({{SSE|600178}})'''.<ref name="news">[http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSHA28311020091110 UPDATE 2-Changan Auto claims China's No.3 spot with AVIC deal] reuters.com, Tue Nov 10, 2009 4:55am EST</ref> As o 2009, the company haes exportit products tae a tot o 40 nations,<ref name="about"/> includin Roushie.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.ce.cn/Insight/200708/31/t20070831_12750349.shtml|title=Domestic auto makers foray into overseas market|last=Weiwei|first=Wang|date=31 August 2007|publisher=China Economic Net|accessdate=2009-08-06|archive-date=2011-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927105618/http://en.ce.cn/Insight/200708/31/t20070831_12750349.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2015, Changan announced it would discontinue all Hafei production and convert existing lines to serve [[Changan Ford]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=BrandHafei Car SalesHafei Market Sales|date=2015-03-08|title=Hafei Auto China Sales Figures|url=https://carsalesbase.com/china-hafei/|access-date=2021-09-17|website=carsalesbase.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="autonews.gasgoo.com">{{Cite web|title=Changan Ford officially announced to purchase Hafei Automobile|url=https://autonews.gasgoo.com/Detail2020.aspx?ArticleId=1024481|access-date=2021-09-17|website=Gasgoo}}</ref><ref name="eworksglobal.com">{{Cite web|title=Changan Ford buys Hafei assembly plant in northeast China_EworksGlobal|url=http://www.eworksglobal.com/news_130716605509723868.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917233254/http://www.eworksglobal.com/news_130716605509723868.htm|archive-date=2021-09-17|access-date=2021-09-17|website=www.eworksglobal.com}}</ref> ==Products== Products include: *'''Baili'''<ref name="about"/> *[[Hafei Lobo|Lobo]],<ref name="about"/> a smaw ceety car, which wis designed bi [[Pininfarina]].<ref>[http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafei.php ABOUT HAFEI (SINGAPORE)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907142059/http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafei.php |date=2009-09-07 }} Hafei Singapore Official Site</ref> *'''Minyi'''<ref name="about"/> *[[Hafei Ruiyi|Ruiyi]]<ref name="about"/> *'''Saibao''', which wis designed bi Pininfarina. ** The Coda Sedan [[battery-electric vehicle]] frae [[Coda Automotive]] uises the Saibao III body wi different front an rear [[Fascia (caur)|fascias]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/10/hafei-saibao-ev-the-first-chinese-made-car-to-be-sold-in-the-u-s/ |title=Hafei Saibao EV: The First Chinese-made Car to Be Sold in the U.S.? |publisher=ChinaAutoWeb.com |access-date=2010-11-26 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722042726/http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/10/hafei-saibao-ev-the-first-chinese-made-car-to-be-sold-in-the-u-s/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://carketchup.com/?p=24 |title=California-based Coda Automotive to sell rebadged Hafei Saibao III as electric sedan |author=Brian Pao |date=2009-06-04 |publisher=[http://carketchup.com CarKetchup] |accessdate=2010-02-27 |archive-date=2013-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904070939/http://carketchup.com/?p=24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *'''Saima''',<ref name="about"/> a sma ceety caur,<ref name="cct">[http://www.chinacartimes.com/2008/01/09/hafei-believes-it-can-sell-270000-motors-in-08/ Hafei believes it can sell 270,000 motors in 08] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926031813/http://www.chinacartimes.com/2008/01/09/hafei-believes-it-can-sell-270000-motors-in-08/ |date=2012-09-26 }} chinacartimes.com, 9 JANUARY 2008</ref> which includes Mitsubishi technology.<ref name="pin"/> *'''Songhhuajiang'''<ref name="about"/> *[[Hafei Zhongyi|Zhongyi]],<ref name="about"/> designed bi Pininfarina<ref name="pin">[http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafeichina.php ABOUT HAFEI (CHINA) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111085324/http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafeichina.php |date=2011-01-11 }} Hafei Singapore Official Site</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="200" heights="120"> File:Hafei_Baili_HJF7090_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Baili_HJF7090_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|Hafei Baili File:2008_Hafei_Lobo_(front).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2008_Hafei_Lobo_(front).jpg|Hafei Lobo File:Hafei_Zhongyi_HFJ_6376.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Zhongyi_HFJ_6376.jpg|Hafei Zhongyi File:Hafei_Ruiyi_(front_quarter).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Ruiyi_(front_quarter).jpg|Hafei Ruiyi File:Hafei_Zhongyi_V5_001.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Zhongyi_V5_001.jpg|Hafei Zhongyi V5 File:Hafei_Minyi_M408.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Minyi_M408.jpg|Hafei Minyi M408 File:2008_Hafei_Minyi,_front_8.5.18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2008_Hafei_Minyi,_front_8.5.18.jpg|Hafei Minyi File:2013_Hafei_Xin-Minyi,_front_8.3.18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2013_Hafei_Xin-Minyi,_front_8.3.18.jpg|Hafei Xin-Minyi (Second generation Minyi) File:Hafei_Luzun_Dabawang.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Luzun_Dabawang.jpg|Hafei Dabawang (Luzun-Dabawang) File:2012_Hafei_Luzun-Xiaobawang_(Minyi),_front_8.8.18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2012_Hafei_Luzun-Xiaobawang_(Minyi),_front_8.8.18.jpg|Hafei Xiaobawang (Luzun-Xiaobawang) File:Hafei_Saibao_III_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Saibao_III_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|Hafei Saibao III File:Hafei_Saibao_V_01_China_2019-03-17.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Saibao_V_01_China_2019-03-17.jpg|Hafei Saibao V File:Hafei_Saima_facelift_II_China_2015-04-18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Saima_facelift_II_China_2015-04-18.jpg|Hafei Saima facelift </gallery>{{clear}} ==Production bases== Hafei haes production facilities in northren Cheenae.<ref>[http://www.insideline.com/dongfeng/another-china-merger-dongfeng-may-acquire-hafei.html Another China Merger? Dongfeng May Acquire Hafei] insideline.com, Jan 28, 2008</ref> ==References== <references/> ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/ Hafei Automobile Group Offeecial Wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419014823/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/en/ |date=2013-04-19 }} {{zh icon}} *[http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm Hafei Automobile Group Inglis Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028015544/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm |date=2007-10-28 }} {{Motor vehicle manufacturers o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae}} {{Commons|Hafei vehicles}} {{Portal|Companies}} {{Commonscat|Hafei vehicles}} [[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers o Cheenae]] [[Category:Caur manufacturers o Cheenae]] [[Category:Companies established in 1994]] jin3xymqdgtea6d7le26uhbb063evvj 900800 900797 2024-11-30T14:37:49Z CiphriusKane 74958 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/900797|900797]] bi [[Special:Contributions/45.232.185.113|45.232.185.113]] ([[User talk:45.232.185.113|Tauk]])Nae in projeck leid 900800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=Hafei Motor Co., Ltd.<br/> 哈飞汽车|caption=|type=[[Subsidiary]]|genre=|fate=Merged into [[Changan Ford]]|predecessor=|successor=|foundation=1980 <ref name="hafei1">{{cite web|title=历史长廊 1980-1985年|url=http://hafeiauto.com.cn/sub0101-5.php?type_id=10 |access-date=2022-06-20|publisher=Hafei|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310111244/http://hafeiauto.com.cn/sub0101-5.php?type_id=10 |archive-date=2013-03-10}}</ref>|founder=|defunct=2015|location_city=[[Harbin]], [[Heilongjiang]]|location_country=[[China]]|location=|locations=|area_served=|key_people=|industry=[[Automotive]]|products=[[Motor vehicles]]|services=|revenue=|operating_income=|net_income=|aum=|assets=|equity=|owner=|num_employees=|parent=[[Chang'an Automobile Group]]|divisions=|subsid=|homepage=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050716004438/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/Hafei]|footnotes=|intl=}} '''Hafei''', officially '''Hafei Motor Co., Ltd.''' ({{zh|s=哈飞汽车}}), is a [[Cheenae|Cheenese]] hauldin company whose subsidiaries mak minivans, sma motor vehicles an automobile ingines.<ref name="about">[http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm Brief Introduction to HF Automobile Group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028015544/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm |date=2007-10-28 }} Hafei Official Site</ref> Subsidiaries include the auto-makin '''Hafei Motor Co Ltd'''<ref>[http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=5503860 Hafei Motor Co., Ltd.] businessweek.com</ref> an the ingine maker '''Harbin Dongan Auto Ingine Co''' ({{SSE|600178}}), which is leetit on the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]].<ref name="reuters">[http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSHA12402820080125 Dongfeng Motor eyes Hafei and engine maker-source] reuters.com, Fri Jan 25, 2008 5:27am EST</ref> '''Hafei''' branded caurs mey be rare ootside o thair hame region o north-eastren [[Cheenae]].<ref>[http://www.chinacartimes.com/2009/01/09/hafei-working-on-pure-electric-vehicle/ Hafei working on pure electric vehicle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025062257/http://www.chinacartimes.com/2009/01/09/hafei-working-on-pure-electric-vehicle/ |date=2011-10-25 }} chinacartimes.com, 9 JANUARY 2009</ref> ==History== [[Image:Chinacar.JPG|thumb|right|Hafei centre in Chile]] Hafei wis umwhile awned bi [[Aviation Industry Corporation o Cheenae]].<ref name="news"/> But promptit bi [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenese State]] policy encouragin the consolidation o automakers, in 2009 the [[Chang'an Motors|state-run parent]] o '''Chongqing [[Chang'an Motors|Changan Automobile]]''' ({{Szse|000625}}) teuk ower maist Hafei-relatit assets<ref name="news"/><ref name="xin">[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-02/22/c_13182876.htm New policy to encourage China's carmaker consolidation] xinhuanet.com, 2010-02-22 10:27:20</ref> includin '''Harbin Hafei Automobile Industry Group''' an '''Harbin Dongan Auto Ingine ({{SSE|600178}})'''.<ref name="news">[http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSHA28311020091110 UPDATE 2-Changan Auto claims China's No.3 spot with AVIC deal] reuters.com, Tue Nov 10, 2009 4:55am EST</ref> As o 2009, the company haes exportit products tae a tot o 40 nations,<ref name="about"/> includin Roushie.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.ce.cn/Insight/200708/31/t20070831_12750349.shtml|title=Domestic auto makers foray into overseas market|last=Weiwei|first=Wang|date=31 August 2007|publisher=China Economic Net|accessdate=2009-08-06|archive-date=2011-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927105618/http://en.ce.cn/Insight/200708/31/t20070831_12750349.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Products== Products include: *'''Baili'''<ref name="about"/> *[[Hafei Lobo|Lobo]],<ref name="about"/> a smaw ceety car, which wis designed bi [[Pininfarina]].<ref>[http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafei.php ABOUT HAFEI (SINGAPORE)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907142059/http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafei.php |date=2009-09-07 }} Hafei Singapore Official Site</ref> *'''Minyi'''<ref name="about"/> *[[Hafei Ruiyi|Ruiyi]]<ref name="about"/> *'''Saibao''', which wis designed bi Pininfarina. ** The Coda Sedan [[battery-electric vehicle]] frae [[Coda Automotive]] uises the Saibao III body wi different front an rear [[Fascia (caur)|fascias]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/10/hafei-saibao-ev-the-first-chinese-made-car-to-be-sold-in-the-u-s/ |title=Hafei Saibao EV: The First Chinese-made Car to Be Sold in the U.S.? |publisher=ChinaAutoWeb.com |access-date=2010-11-26 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722042726/http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/10/hafei-saibao-ev-the-first-chinese-made-car-to-be-sold-in-the-u-s/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://carketchup.com/?p=24 |title=California-based Coda Automotive to sell rebadged Hafei Saibao III as electric sedan |author=Brian Pao |date=2009-06-04 |publisher=[http://carketchup.com CarKetchup] |accessdate=2010-02-27 |archive-date=2013-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904070939/http://carketchup.com/?p=24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *'''Saima''',<ref name="about"/> a sma ceety caur,<ref name="cct">[http://www.chinacartimes.com/2008/01/09/hafei-believes-it-can-sell-270000-motors-in-08/ Hafei believes it can sell 270,000 motors in 08] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926031813/http://www.chinacartimes.com/2008/01/09/hafei-believes-it-can-sell-270000-motors-in-08/ |date=2012-09-26 }} chinacartimes.com, 9 JANUARY 2008</ref> which includes Mitsubishi technology.<ref name="pin"/> *'''Songhhuajiang'''<ref name="about"/> *[[Hafei Zhongyi|Zhongyi]],<ref name="about"/> designed bi Pininfarina<ref name="pin">[http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafeichina.php ABOUT HAFEI (CHINA) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111085324/http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafeichina.php |date=2011-01-11 }} Hafei Singapore Official Site</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="200" heights="120"> File:Hafei_Baili_HJF7090_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Baili_HJF7090_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|Hafei Baili File:2008_Hafei_Lobo_(front).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2008_Hafei_Lobo_(front).jpg|Hafei Lobo File:Hafei_Zhongyi_HFJ_6376.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Zhongyi_HFJ_6376.jpg|Hafei Zhongyi File:Hafei_Ruiyi_(front_quarter).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Ruiyi_(front_quarter).jpg|Hafei Ruiyi File:Hafei_Zhongyi_V5_001.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Zhongyi_V5_001.jpg|Hafei Zhongyi V5 File:Hafei_Minyi_M408.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Minyi_M408.jpg|Hafei Minyi M408 File:2008_Hafei_Minyi,_front_8.5.18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2008_Hafei_Minyi,_front_8.5.18.jpg|Hafei Minyi File:2013_Hafei_Xin-Minyi,_front_8.3.18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2013_Hafei_Xin-Minyi,_front_8.3.18.jpg|Hafei Xin-Minyi (Second generation Minyi) File:Hafei_Luzun_Dabawang.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Luzun_Dabawang.jpg|Hafei Dabawang (Luzun-Dabawang) File:2012_Hafei_Luzun-Xiaobawang_(Minyi),_front_8.8.18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2012_Hafei_Luzun-Xiaobawang_(Minyi),_front_8.8.18.jpg|Hafei Xiaobawang (Luzun-Xiaobawang) File:Hafei_Saibao_III_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Saibao_III_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|Hafei Saibao III File:Hafei_Saibao_V_01_China_2019-03-17.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Saibao_V_01_China_2019-03-17.jpg|Hafei Saibao V File:Hafei_Saima_facelift_II_China_2015-04-18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Saima_facelift_II_China_2015-04-18.jpg|Hafei Saima facelift </gallery>{{clear}} ==Production bases== Hafei haes production facilities in northren Cheenae.<ref>[http://www.insideline.com/dongfeng/another-china-merger-dongfeng-may-acquire-hafei.html Another China Merger? Dongfeng May Acquire Hafei] insideline.com, Jan 28, 2008</ref> ==References== <references/> ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/ Hafei Automobile Group Offeecial Wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419014823/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/en/ |date=2013-04-19 }} {{zh icon}} *[http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm Hafei Automobile Group Inglis Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028015544/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm |date=2007-10-28 }} {{Motor vehicle manufacturers o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae}} {{Commons|Hafei vehicles}} {{Portal|Companies}} {{Commonscat|Hafei vehicles}} [[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers o Cheenae]] [[Category:Caur manufacturers o Cheenae]] [[Category:Companies established in 1994]] 5lb73jkus9rr3ydpvnm3uev4advykvv 0 14438 900803 900713 2024-11-30T22:32:13Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 900803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Aktobe | native_name = Ақтөбе | image_skyline = Nurdaulet mosque 1.jpg |Nurdaulet Mosque an the ceity | image_caption = Aktobe mosque | image_flag = | image_seal =Aktobe_seal_-_2.png | image_map = | map_caption = |pushpin_map = Kazakhstan |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = 280 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan |subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces o Kazakhstan|Province]] |subdivision_name = [[Kazakhstan]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Aktobe Province]] | established_title = Foondit | established_date = | government_type = | leader_title = Akim <small>([[mayor]])</small> | leader_name = [[Arkhimed Mukhambetov]] | area_magnitude = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of=2010-01-01 | population_footnotes =<ref name="Pop2010">[http://www.aktobe.stat.kz/files/chislennostnaseleniya_0.zip Aktobe Province Statistical Department. Population estimations 2010-01-01] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203022439/http://www.aktobe.stat.kz/files/chislennostnaseleniya_0.zip |date=2019-12-03 }} (in [[Roushies|rus.]])</ref> | population_total = 277 700 | population_urban = | population_metro =317,700 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[UTC+5]] | utc_offset = +5 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|50|17|0|N|57|10|0|E|region:KZ|display=inline}} | elevation_footnotes= | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = [[Postal code]] | postal_code = 030001 | area_code = +7 7132 | website = | footnotes = }} '''Aktobe''' ({{lang-kz|'''Ақтөбе''' / '''Aqtöbe''' / اقتٶبه}}), umwhile kent as ''Aktyubinsk'' ({{lang-ru|Актюбинск|italic=yes}}, till 1999), is a ceity on the Ilek River in [[Kazakhstan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mapy.cz|url=https://en.mapy.cz/zakladni?source=osm&id=95501371&x=55.6371360&y=50.7288622&z=8|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Mapy.cz}}</ref> Wi a population o 277,700, it is the caipital o [[Aktobe Province]]. Aktobe haes a mixed ethnic community, includin [[Kazakhs]], [[Roushies]], [[Ukrainians]], Tatars, Uyghurs, [[Chechens]], [[Armenians]], [[Jews]] an [[Greeks]]. Afore perestroika the ceity wis hame tae a sizeable German community. The name "Aktobe" comes frae Kazakh "ақ" (white) an "төбе" (hill); the name effeirs tae the heichs that the original 19t century toun wis locatit.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aqtobe {{!}} Kazakhstan, City, & Population {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Aqtobe-Kazakhstan|access-date=2024-11-28|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> {{Commonscat}}{{Stub/Europe}}{{Stub/Asie}} == References == <references /> [[Category:Populatit places in Kazakhstan]] [[Category:Ceities in Central Asie]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1869]] 4ilgx0opgzsc4q9kwskk31tnjsjo2c3 0 14600 900791 897706 2024-11-30T12:28:23Z 45.232.185.113 900791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Sdn. Bhd.|logo=Perodua Logo (2008 - Present).svg|logo_size=150px|logo_caption=|image=Perodua Corporate Office.jpg|image_size=250px|image_caption=Perodua corporate office in [[Rawang, Selangor]]|type=[[Public company|Public]]|industry=[[Automotive industry|Automotive]]|foundation={{start date and age|1993}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.perodua.com.my/corporate-branding/about-us.html | title=Welcome to the Official Perodua Website }}</ref>|area_served=Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Mauritius, Seychelles, Singapore, Sri Lanka|location=[[Sungai Choh]], [[Rawang, Selangor|Rawang]], [[Malaysia]]|key_people=Tan Sri Asmat Kamaludin ([[Chairman]])<br>Dato Zainal Abidin Ahmad ([[President (corporate title)|President]] & [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]])|products=[[Automobile]]s|revenue=|operating_income=|net_income=|num_employees=11,500 (2023)|owners={{Plainlist| * [[UMW Holdings|UMW Corporation]] ({{small|38%}}) * [[Daihatsu|Daihatsu Motor Co.]] ([[Toyota]]) ({{small|20%}}) * [[Daihatsu|Daihatsu (Malaysia)]] ({{small|5%}}) * MBM Resources ({{small|20%}}) * [[Permodalan Nasional Berhad|PNB&nbsp;Equity&nbsp;Resource<br/>Corporation]]&nbsp;({{small|10%}}) * [[Mitsui & Co.]] ({{small|4.2%}}) * [[Mitsui & Co.|Mitsui & Co. (Asia Pacific)]] ({{small|2.8%}}) }}|footnotes=|homepage={{URL|https://www.perodua.com.my/}}}} '''{{lang|ms|Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Sendirian Berhad}}'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to the Official Perodua Website|url=https://www.perodua.com.my/corporate-branding/about-us.html}}</ref> (''Second Automobile Enterprise Private Limited''), usually abbreviated to '''Perodua''' is [[Malaysie]]'s seicont lairgest automobile manufacturer efter [[Proton (caur)|Proton]]. It wis established in 1993 an launched their first caur, the [[Perodua Kancil]] in late 1994. The sharehaulders o Perodua are UMW Corporation Sdn Bhd wi 38% stake, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. (20%), MBM Resources Bhd (20%), PNB Equity Resources Corporation Sdn Bhd (10%), Mitsui & Co. Ltd (7%) an Daihatsu (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (5%). ==Leet o models== *[[Perodua Kancil]] ([[Perodua Nippa]], 1994–2009) *[[Perodua Rusa]] (1996–1998) *[[Perodua Kembara]] (1998–2008) *[[Perodua Kenari]] (2000–2008) *[[Perodua Kelisa]] (2001–2007) *[[Perodua MyVi]] (2005–present) *[[Perodua Viva]] (2007–present) *[[Daihatsu Terios#Seicont generation|Perodua Nautica]] (2008–2010) *[[Perodua Alza]] (2009–present) ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.perodua.com.my/index.php Perodua Malaysia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061333/http://www.perodua.com.my/index.php |date=2013-10-23 }} *[http://www.perodua-uk.com Perodua Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420105322/http://www.perodua-uk.com/ |date=2010-04-20 }} *[http://www.perodua.com.sg Perodua Singapore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224152541/http://www.perodua.com.sg/ |date=2010-12-24 }} {{Perodua}} {{Commonscat|Perodua vehicles}} [[Category:Caur manufacturers]] [[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers o Malaysie]] ebvibo38zfe0nf7ijixqhhf6d2568ix 900801 900791 2024-11-30T14:40:39Z CiphriusKane 74958 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/900791|900791]] bi [[Special:Contributions/45.232.185.113|45.232.185.113]] ([[User talk:45.232.185.113|Tauk]])Revertin Inglifyin o airticle 900801 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''{{lang|ms|PERusahaan Otomobil KeDUA Sendirian Berhad}}''' ({{lang-sco|Seicont Automobile Manufacturer Private Limited}}), uisually abbreviatit tae '''Perodua''' ({{pron-en|pəˈrɒdjuː.ə}}), is [[Malaysie]]'s seicont lairgest automobile manufacturer efter [[Proton (caur)|Proton]]. It wis established in 1993 an launched their first caur, the [[Perodua Kancil]] in late 1994. The sharehaulders o Perodua are UMW Corporation Sdn Bhd wi 38% stake, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. (20%), MBM Resources Bhd (20%), PNB Equity Resources Corporation Sdn Bhd (10%), Mitsui & Co. Ltd (7%) an Daihatsu (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (5%). ==Leet o models== *[[Perodua Kancil]] ([[Perodua Nippa]], 1994–2009) *[[Perodua Rusa]] (1996–1998) *[[Perodua Kembara]] (1998–2008) *[[Perodua Kenari]] (2000–2008) *[[Perodua Kelisa]] (2001–2007) *[[Perodua MyVi]] (2005–present) *[[Perodua Viva]] (2007–present) *[[Daihatsu Terios#Seicont generation|Perodua Nautica]] (2008–2010) *[[Perodua Alza]] (2009–present) ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.perodua.com.my/index.php Perodua Malaysia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061333/http://www.perodua.com.my/index.php |date=2013-10-23 }} *[http://www.perodua-uk.com Perodua Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420105322/http://www.perodua-uk.com/ |date=2010-04-20 }} *[http://www.perodua.com.sg Perodua Singapore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224152541/http://www.perodua.com.sg/ |date=2010-12-24 }} {{Perodua}} {{Commonscat|Perodua vehicles}} [[Category:Caur manufacturers]] [[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers o Malaysie]] 60hfpjhv023gglk9i2jk46jzqnm0pr3 0 19065 900817 800116 2024-12-01T04:52:19Z Xqbot 2526 Fixin dooble reguidal til [[Dauvit I, King o Scots]] 900817 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dauvit I, King o Scots]] 14q4tad7bgjmdav04g2tpmcph4yt3g4 0 19873 900808 896983 2024-12-01T03:45:01Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 900808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |official_name = Deir ez-Zor |other_name = Deir Ezzor, Deir Azzor |native_name = دير الزور |nickname = |settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--> |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = Deir ez-Zor Collage.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = A [[collage]] o Deir ez-Zor |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Syria <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize =250 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Sirie <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{Flag|Sirie}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Governorate]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Deir ez-Zor Govrenorate]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Deir ez-Zor Destrict]] |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = [[Governorate]] |leader_title = Governor |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Metric <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = 2004 census<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB09-1-2004.htm |title=Deir ez-Zor city population |access-date=2012-10-26 |archive-date=2012-07-31 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120731082600/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB09-1-2004.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 211,857 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = 239,196 |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title =Religions |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]] |utc_offset = +2 |timezone_DST = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +3 |coordinates = {{coord|35|20|N|40|9|E|region:SY|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = 210 |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = 051|051 |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Deir ez Zor''', spelt '''Dayr az-Zawr''', '''Der Ezzor''', '''Deir Azzor''' an aw, an ither variants ({{lang-ar|دير الزور}}; [[Syriac leid|Syriac]]: ܕܝܪܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ, {{lang-hy|Տէր Զօր}}, {{lang|hy|Դեր Զոր}}, ''Ter Zor''), is the lairgest ceety in northeastren [[Sirie]] on the [[Euphrates River]] an caipital o the [[Deir ez-Zor Govrenorate]], 450&nbsp;km tae the northeast frae the caipital [[Damascus]].<ref name="tourism">{{cite web |title = Syrian Ministry of Tourism (in Arabic) |url = http://www.syriatourism.org/index.php?module=subjects&func=viewpage&pageid=2278 |accessdate = 2007-05-10 |archive-date = 2020-04-27 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200427130704/http://www.syriatourism.org/index.php?module=subjects&func=viewpage&pageid=2278 |url-status = dead }}</ref> As in 2009, there wur aroond 511,000 fowk livin in the metropolitan aurie o the ceety. ==Names== Amang Siries an neighbourin regions, '''Ad-Deir''' is uised for short tae indicate Deir ez Zor. The Current name, that haes been extendit tae the region aroond it, indicates an auncient steid for ane o the [[Early Christianity|Early Christian]] secludit monasteries spreid syne the [[Persecution o Christians in the Roman Empire|persecution times]] an [[Apostolic Age]] throu-oot Mesopotamie.<ref>Moffett, S. H. (1992): ''A History of Christianity in Asia: Beginnings to 1500''. Harper, San Francisco. ISBN 0060657790</ref> Awtho '''Deir''', that is Arabic for "monastery", thocht tae be kept throu-oot [[Medieval]] an [[Modren Age]] renamin, '''Zor''', that indicates the riverbank bush, anerlie appeared in some late [[Deir ez-Zor Vilayet|Ottoman records]].<ref>Shaw, S. J. (1978): [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3015548The Ottoman Census System and Population, 1831–1914.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023004336/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3015548The |date=2012-10-23 }} ''International Journal of Middle East Studies'', 9: 325-338.</ref> ==History== [[File:Ashjian family, killed in Armenian genocide 1915.jpg|thumb|230px|The Ashjian faimily, Armenies wha in 1915 were aw mairched tae Deir ez-Zor an killt in the genocide (photae c. 1909)]] The modren toun wis expandit bi the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1867 aroond the pre-existin toun. In 1915, the ceety becam [[Deir ez-Zor Camps|a major destination point]] in the [[Armenie Genocide]]; This haed been the lairgest destination o Armenies killed in the Armenie Genocide. A [[Armenie Genocide Memorial Kirk (Der Zor)|memorial]] commemoratin this tragedy wis erectit in the ceety in 1991.<ref>[http://www.armenian-genocide.org/Memorial.110/current_category.72/memorials_detail.html Monument and Memorial Complex at Der Zor, Syria]</ref> [[Fraunce]] occupeed Deir ez-Zor in 1921 an made it the seat o a lairge garrison. [[File:Bones of Armenians.jpg|thumb|Uncoverin banes o Armenies killt in the genocide at Deir ez-Zor]] Meanwhile, the region wis locally ruled bi Haj-Fadel Abboud, a member o an aristocratic family. In 1941 Breetish-led forces defeatit the [[Vichy French]] durin the [[Sirie-Lebanon campaign]], that included a [[Battle o Deir ez Zor|battle ower Deir]], an they haundit admeenistration o the region tae the [[Free French]]. In 1946 it becam pairt o the independent Republic o Sirie. Deir ez-Zor is situatit 85&nbsp;km tae the northwast o the [[aircheology|airchaeological]] remains o [[Dura-Europos]] an 120&nbsp;km northwast o the remains o the auncient ceety o [[Mari, Sirie|Mari]]. Durin [[Auncient Roum|Roman]] times it wis an important tradin post atween the [[Roman Empire]] an [[Indie]]. Conquered bi [[Zenobia]], it becam pairt o the kinrick o [[Palmyra]]. Efter a successive wave o conquests, it wis feenally destroyed bi the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] as they swept athort the [[Middle East]]. ==Climate== {{Weather box |location = Deir Ezzor |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = 12.5 |Feb high C = 15.2 |Mar high C = 19.6 |Apr high C = 25.8 |May high C = 31.9 |Jun high C = 37.2 |Jul high C = 40.3 |Aug high C = 39.8 |Sep high C = 35.8 |Oct high C = 29.5 |Nov high C = 20.7 |Dec high C = 14.0 |year high C = |Jan low C = 2.3 |Feb low C = 3.7 |Mar low C = 6.8 |Apr low C = 12.0 |May low C = 17.2 |Jun low C = 22.3 |Jul low C = 25.4 |Aug low C = 24.8 |Sep low C = 20.3 |Oct low C = 14.1 |Nov low C = 17.3 |Dec low C = 3.2 |year low C = |Jan precipitation mm = 28.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 25.3 |Mar precipitation mm = 27.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 19.8 |May precipitation mm = 8.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 0.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 0.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 0 |Sep precipitation mm = 0.2 |Oct precipitation mm = 6.0 |Nov precipitation mm = 14.7 |Dec precipitation mm = 25.3 |year precipitation mm = |Jan precipitation days = 8 |Feb precipitation days = 9 |Mar precipitation days = 7 |Apr precipitation days = 5 |May precipitation days = 3 |Jun precipitation days = 0 |Jul precipitation days = 0 |Aug precipitation days = 0 |Sep precipitation days = 0 |Oct precipitation days = 2 |Nov precipitation days = 4 |Dec precipitation days = 6 |source 1 = [http://worldweather.wmo.int/099/c01262.htm World Meteorological Organization] |date=July 2011}} ==Economy== The ceety an its rural surroondin is a fertile an prosperous fermin aurie, wi livestock-breedin (for [[Awassi (sheep)|awassi]] sheep), cereals an cotton crops. Mony [[agribusiness]] institutions wirk there as well. Syne the discovery o [[licht crude]] [[petroleum]] in the [[Sirie desert]] it haes become a centre for the kintra's [[petroleum extraction]] industry. It is an aw a minor centre for tourism wi mony tourist facilities such as traditional French-style riverbank restaurants, up tae 5-starn hotels, a hub for trans-desert travel an an airport ([[IATA]] code: [[Deir ez-Zor Airport|DEZ]]) in Al-Jafra suburb. There are [[salt mine]]s nearbi. ==Cultur== The majority o Deiries (frae Deir ez-Zor) are Arabs, maist o them are fermers frae [[Upper Mesopotamie|Jazira]] an urbanised [[bedouin]]s o the [[Sirie Desert]], wi few [[Kurdish fowk|Kurdish]], [[Armenie fowk|Armenian]] an [[Syriac]] families. Successive waves o new settlers frae surroondin kintrasides an provinces wur hivily relatit tae severe drocht in late 1950s an 1990s maist o them leukin for staundart jobs an givin away fermin an herdin life-style. [[North Mesopotamie Arabic|North Mesopotamie]] dialect o Arabic is uised there, wi slicht influence o the [[North Sirie Arabic|North Sirie]] ane can be noticed as well. Dominatit bi [[Sunni]] [[Muslims]], [[Christianity]] in Deir ez-Zor can be traced back tae the [[Apostolic Age]], wi few kirks an chapels belang tae different denominations are active there. The ceety is an aw famous for the [[Deir ez-Zor suspension brig]] ({{lang-ar|الجسر المعلق}}) which spans the Euphrates<ref name="tourism"/> an wis completit in 1927. The [[Deir ez-Zor Museum]] keeps thoosans o antiquities collectit frae nearbi aircheological steids in Northren Mesopotamie. Main campuses o [[Al-Furat University]] an [[Al-Jazeera University]] are an aw locatit there.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jude.edu.sy/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-10-31 |archive-date=2016-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102115008/http://www.jude.edu.sy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mony ither polytechnic schuils an professional institutes provides tertiary education are based in the ceety as well. The local daily newspaper ''[http://furat.alwehda.gov.sy Al Furat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218232539/http://furat.alwehda.gov.sy/ |date=2017-12-18 }}'' an few ither publications are published there an circulatit in neighboruin [[Al-Hasakah]] an [[Raqqa]] govrenorates. ==Internaitional relations== Deir ez-Zor is hame tae the third Armenie diplomatic mission in Sirie; the Honorary Consulate o the Republic o [[Armenie]], opened on 11 Februar 2010.<ref>Thawra news [http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=59772562420100212015838 (in Arabic)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311075521/http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=59772562420100212015838 |date=2012-03-11 }}</ref> [[Deir ez-Zor Airport]] is an unner-development domestic an internaitional terminal an important hub maistly connectin wi Damascus an destinations in the [[Persie Gulf|gulf]] region. ===Twin ceeties=== *{{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armavir, Armenie|Armavir]], [[Armenie]] syne October 2010.<ref>Al-Baath news [http://www.albaath.news.sy/user/?id=960&a=85844 (in Arabic)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903154142/http://www.albaath.news.sy/user/?id=960&a=85844 |date=2011-09-03 }}</ref> ==See also== * [[Deir ez-Zor Camps]] * [[Armenie Genocide Memorial Kirk (Der Zor)]] ==References== <references/> ==Freemit airtins== {{Commonscat|Dayr az-Zawr}} * [http://www.syriagate.com/Syria/about/cities/Deir_Ezzor/history.htm Short history o Deir Ezzor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804051839/http://www.syriagate.com/Syria/about/cities/Deir_Ezzor/history.htm |date=2008-08-04 }} * [http://www.chamhotels.com/fourat_palace.html Furat Cham Hotel Palace] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060103044508/http://www.chamhotels.com/fourat_palace.html |date=2006-01-03 }} * [http://www.chamhotels.com/badia_hotel.html Badia Cham Hotel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060103042004/http://www.chamhotels.com/badia_hotel.html |date=2006-01-03 }} *[http://www.cultureunplugged.com/play/694/Windward-between-Naples-and-Baghdad watch "Isti'mariyah - windward between Naples and Baghdad"] {{Deir ez-Zor Govrenorate}} {{Ceeties o Sirie}} [[Category:Populatit places on the Euphrates River]] [[Category:Armenie diaspora communities]] [[Category:Armenie Genocide extermination centers]] [[Category:Fertile Crescent]] [[Category:Deir ez-Zor| ]] [[Category:Populatit places in Deir ez-Zor Govrenorate]] 8wcohi6wgskbot8yeqip7gzd1kojqjs 0 64148 900823 880801 2024-12-01T07:55:16Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 900823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Jolo | native_name = Sūg | native_name_lang = [[Tausūg]] | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o the Philippines|Municipality]] | image_skyline = Sulu Provincial Capitol building.JPG | image_caption = Sulu Provincial Capitol | image_seal = {{#property:P158}} | seal_size = 100x80px | nickname = | motto = | image_map = {{#property:P242}} | map_caption = Map o {{#property:P131}} showin the location o Jolo | pushpin_map = {{#property:P17}} | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_caption = Location athin the {{#property:P17}} | coordinates = {{coord|6.052|N|121.002|E|region:PH|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Philippines}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions o the Philippines|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]] (ARMM) | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o the Philippines|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[{{#property:P131}}]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Hoose o Representatives o the Philippines#Destrict representation|Destrict]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Legislative destricts o Sulu|1st Destrict]] | established_title = Foondit | established_date = 1952 | parts_type = [[Barangay]]s | parts_style = para | p1 = 8 | government_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=Elections/2013natloc/Results/citymuni2013 |title=Official City/Municipal 2013 Election Results |publisher=Commission on Elections (COMELEC) |location=Intramuros, Manila, Philippines |date=1 July 2013 |accessdate=5 September 2013}}</ref> | leader_party = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Hussin U. Amin | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 126.40 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 118,307 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone = [[Philippine Staundart Time|PST]] | utc_offset = +8 | postal_code_type = [[Leet o ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]] | postal_code = {{#property:P281}} | area_code_type = [[Telephone nummers in the Philippines|Dialin code]] | area_code = {{#property:P473}} | blank_name_sec1 = [[Municipalities o the Philippines#Income clessification|Income cless]] | blank_info_sec1 = 1st | website = | footnotes = }} {{Philippine Census | title = Population census of Jolo, Sulu | 1990 = 53055 | 1995 = 76948 | 2000 = 87998 | 2007 = 140307 | 2010 = 118307 | 2015 = | 2020 = | 2025 = | 2030 = | footnote = Source: National Statistics Office<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov.ph |accessdate=6 October 2013 |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=National Statistics Office |6= |archive-date=2013-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004104825/http://census.gov.ph/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} {{about|the [[Municipalities o the Philippines|municipality]]|the island|Jolo}} '''Jolo''' ([[Tausūg leid|Tausūg]]: ''Sūg'') is a 1st cless municipality on the island o [[Jolo]], an the caipital an lairgest toun o the province o Sulu. Accordin tae the 2010 census, it haes a population o 118,307 fowk in 15,242 hoosehaulds. Pairt o its population is o [[Cheenese Filipino|Cheenese strynd]], mainly frae [[Singapore]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tsinoy.com/article_item.php?articleid=850 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-12-17 |archive-date=2008-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211061957/http://www.tsinoy.com/article_item.php?articleid=850 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Of the population, 90% are Muslim, the remainin 10% are Christian.<ref>(2002-08-22). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/2209589.stm "Jolo: Unstable Paradise"]. BBC News World Edition.</ref> Jolo wis the centre o the govrenment o the [[Sultanate o Sulu]]. ==Geografie== The toun o Jolo is locatit on the northwast side of the Jolo Island, which is locatit southwest of the tip of [[Zamboanga Peninsula]] on [[Mindanao]] island. The island is situated atween the [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]] of [[Basilan]] and [[Tawi-Tawi]], bounded bi [[Sulu Sea]] tae the north and [[Celebes Sea]] tae the sooth. [[Jolo]] is a volcanic island, which lees at the centre o the [[Sulu Airchipelago]] coverin {{convert|890|km2|sqmi}}. The [[Sulu Archipelago]] is a island chain in the Soothwast Philippines atween [[Mindanao]] an [[Borneo]], which is made up o 900 islands o volcanic an coral oreegin coverin a aurie o {{convert|2688|km2|sqmi}}. Thare are numerous [[volcano]]es an [[volcanic cratre|craters]] aroond Jolo wi the last kent activity (a yirdquauk assumit resultin frae a [[submarine eruption]] frae an undetermined location) takkin place on 21 September 1897 causin devastating [[tsunamis]] in the airchipelago an wastren Mindanao.<ref>[http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0700-01=&volpage=erupt "Eruption history of Jolo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012083551/http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0700-01=&volpage=erupt |date=2012-10-12 }}. Global Volcanism Program.</ref><ref>U.S. Bureau of Census. "Census of the Philippine Islands, 1903", pp.217-218. Government Printing Office, 1905.</ref><ref name="Timeline"/> ==Poleetical subdiveesion== Jolo is poleetically subdividit intae aicht [[barangay]]s. * Alat * Asturias * Bus-Bus * Cheenese Pier * San Raymundo * Takut-Takut * Tulay * Walled City (Pob.) ==Etymologie== It is said that the Cheenese traders who frequentit the place, namit Jolo efter ''ho lâng'' (好人). ''Ho lâng'' meanin ‘Guid Fowk’ reflects the Cheenese perception o the natives. Cheenese traders wad leave guids on Jolo’s shore, an fynd thaim undisturbit on thair return. The phrase wis eventually extendit tae ''ho ló'' (好佬) meanin ‘Guid Commonty’.<ref name="ATimes">Garrido, Marco C. (2005-01-20). [http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/GA20Ae01.html "Tribulation Islands, Part 2"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329175339/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/GA20Ae01.html |date=2013-03-29 }}. Asia Times.</ref> ==History== ===Pre-Colonial period=== In the 14t century, Arab traders landit on the island tae introduce an convert its indwallers tae Islam. The native indwallers on the island are the [[Tausūg fowk]]. The Tausugs are pairt o the lairger [[Moro fowk|Moro group]] which dominates the Sulu Airchipelago. The Moro haed an unthirlt state kent as the [[Sultanate o Sulu]], which wis poleetically an economically centred on Jolo, the residence for Sulu Sultanates. The Seat o the Ryal Sultanate o Sulu wis in Astana Putih, which is Tausug for ‘White Palace’ in Umbul Duwa in the [[Municipalities o the Philippines|municipality]] o [[Indanan]] on Jolo Island.<ref name="Timeline"/> [[File:Suluflag.jpg|border|right|250px|The offeecial banner o the Ryal Sultanate o Sulu unner the guidance o HRH [[Raja Muda Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram o Sulu]].]] ===Spainyie Colonial Period=== In 1521, the splorer [[Ferdinand Magellan]] claimit the Philippines for [[Spain]]. The Spainyie failed tae conquer an convert the Muslim auries in the sooth. Efter consolidatin the northren pairt o the Philippine islands, thay failed tae tak ower the well-organisit Muslim Sultanates. ====Tradin centre==== Jolo wis the regional [[entrepot]] an developin ceety years afore the Philippines wis even a kintra. The Sulu [[economy]] formit its base aroond [[commerce]] an throu the netwirk o nearbi tradin pairtners. The Sultanate benefitit frae importin [[rice]] frae northren Philippines, as the Sulu region haed a chronic rice shortage. The Sultanate wis unable tae bring agricultur tae its full potential acause the aurie wis prone tae erratic rainfaw an drocht. ====Cheenese immigration==== Syne the 15t century, the Sulu Sultanate tradit local produce wi neebours an wi kintras as far as Cheenae bi sea. Maist o the import an export tred wis done wi Singapore which wis estimatit tae be worth hauf a million dollars annually. In 1870, the Tausug lost hintle o thair redistributive tred tae the Cheenese acause o the Spainyie cruisin seestem an Cheenese immigration frae Singapore. Maistly oreeginatin frae the [[Fujian]] province, maist o the Cheenese in Jolo wirkit as craftsmen, skilled an unskilled laborers an domestic servants for walthy Tausugs an Cheenese. [[Singapore]] servit as a trainin grund frae which thay learned the [[Malay leid]] an became experiencit in dealin wi [[Sootheast Asie]]s. It wis thir Cheenese who eventually dominatit tred in Jolo an benefitit greatly frae Jolo’s status as a entrepot, an exercisit profoond influence ower the Sulu Sultanate. Housomeivver, the Sultanate wis no keen on the Cheenese monopoly. Bi 1875, Sultan Amal ul Azam wantit a Inglis merchant tae establish hissel in order tae break the monopoly at Jolo. Cheenese who livit in Sulu ran guns athort a Spainyie blockade tae supplee the Moro Datus an Sultanates wi wappens tae fecht the Spainyie, who wur engagin in a campaign tae subjugate the Moro sultantes on Mindanao. A tred involvin the Moros sellin slaves an ither guids in exchynge for guns developit. The Cheenese haed entered the economy o the sultante, takkin control o the Sultanate's economies in Mindanao an dominatin the mercats. Tho the Sultans did no lik the fact that the Cheenese near exclusvie control ower the economy, thay did business wi thaim. The Cheenese set up a tradin netwirk atween Singapore, Zamboanga, Jolo an Sulu. The Cheenese sauld smaw airms lik Enfield an Spencer Rifles tae the Buayan Datu Uto. Thay wur uised tae battle the Spainyie invasion o Buayan. The Datu peyed for the wappens in slaves.<ref>{{cite book | quote = | title = The Sulu zone, 1768-1898: the dynamics of external trade, slavery, and ethnicity in the transformation of a Southeast Asian maritime state | volume = | author = James Francis Warren | editor = | edition = 2, illustrated | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2007 | isbn = 9971-69-386-0 | location = | pages = 129, 130, 131 | accessdate = | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=VUZq93ydrrwC&pg=PA129&dq=zamboanga+chinese&hl=en&ei=ktq5TtT2HM-YhQfgkqSYBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=zamboanga%20chinese&f=false }}</ref> The population o Cheenese in Mindanao in the 1880s wis 1,000. The Cheenese ran guns athort a Spainyie blockade tae sell tae Mindanao Moros. The purchases o thir wappens wur peyed for bi the Moros in slaves in addeetion tae ither guids. The main group o fowk sellin guns wur the Cheenese in Sulu. The Cheenese teuk control o the economy an uised steamers tae ship guids for exportin an importin. Opium, ivory, textiles, an crockery wur amang the ither guids which the Cheenese sauld. The Cheenese on Maimbung sent the wappens tae the [[Sultanate o Sulu]], who uised thaim tae battle the Spainyie and resist thair attacks. A Cheenese wis ane o the Sultan's brither in laws, the Sultan wis marriet tae his sister. He an the Sultan baith awned shares in the ship (namit the Far East) which helpit smuggled the wappens.<ref>{{cite book | quote = | title = The Sulu zone, 1768-1898: the dynamics of external trade, slavery, and ethnicity in the transformation of a Southeast Asian maritime state | volume = | author = James Francis Warren | editor = | edition = 2, illustrated | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2007 | isbn = 9971-69-386-0 | location = | page = 130 | accessdate = | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=VUZq93ydrrwC&pg=PA129&dq=zamboanga+chinese&hl=en&ei=ktq5TtT2HM-YhQfgkqSYBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAg#v=snippet&q=%20purveyors%20%20weapons%20goods&f=false }}</ref> The Spainyie launched a surprise affensive unner Colonel Juan Arolas in Apryle 1887 bi attackin the Sultanate's caipital at Maimbung in an effort tae crush resistance. Wappens wur captured an the property o the Cheenese wur destroyed while the Cheenese wur deportit tae Jolo.<ref>{{cite book | quote = | title = The Sulu zone, 1768-1898: the dynamics of external trade, slavery, and ethnicity in the transformation of a Southeast Asian maritime state | volume = | author = James Francis Warren | editor = | edition = 2, illustrated | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2007 | isbn = 9971-69-386-0 | location = | page = 131 | accessdate = | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=VUZq93ydrrwC&pg=PA129&dq=zamboanga+chinese&hl=en&ei=ktq5TtT2HM-YhQfgkqSYBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Colonel%20Juan%20Arolas%20&f=false }}</ref> ====Spainyie control==== In 1876, the Spainyie attemptit tae gain control o the Muslims bi burnin Jolo an wur successfu.<ref name="Timeline">Ang, Josiah C. [http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Modules/Modules/MuslimMindanao/historical_timeline_of_the_royal.htm "Historical Timeline of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu Including Related Events of Neighboring Peoples"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429112342/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Modules/Modules/MuslimMindanao/historical_timeline_of_the_royal.htm |date=2012-04-29 }}. Center for Southeast Asian Studies Northern Illinois University.</ref> In Mairch 1877, The Sulu Protocol wis signed atween Spain, Ingland an Germany which recognisit Spain’s richts ower Sulu an eased European tensions in the aurie. ====Tradin decline==== Tred suffered hivily in 1892 when three steamers uised for tred wur lost in a series o storms on the tred route atween Singapore an Jolo. The traders in Singapore lost sae hivily as a result that thay refused tae accept tred unless it wis peyed for in cash. Alang wi the fear o increased taxation, mony Cheenese left tae ither pairts o the Airchipelago as Jolo lost its role as the regional entrepot. The Tausug haed awready abandoned tradin when the Cheenese arrived. Sicweys, Jolo niver fully gained its previous tradin status. Housomeivver, the Cheenese continued tae dominate tred throuoot the Airchipelago an Mindanao.<ref name="Warren"/> ===American Colonial Period=== In 1899 follaein the [[Treaty o Paris (1898)|Treaty o Paris o 1898]], [[sovereignty]] ower the Philippines wis transferred frae [[Spain]] tae the [[Unitit States]] who attemptit tae forcibly incorporate the Muslim auries intae the Philippine state. The [[History o the Philippines (1898–1946)|American colonizers]] eventually teuk ower the soothren regions wi force (see ''[[Moro Rebellion]]''). The Sultanate o Sulu wis abolished in 1936. ==Releegion== [[File:Tulay Mosque.jpg|thumb|Tulay Central Mosque, the lairgest [[mosque]] in Sulu]] The majority o the fowk livin in Jolo practice [[Islam]], but thare is a significant Christian minority consistin o [[Roman Catholic]]s an [[Protestant]]s an aw as majority o the Philippines are Christians. Tausugs wur the first Filipinos tae adopt Islam when the Muslim missionar Karim ul-Makhdum came tae Sulu in 1380. Ither missionaries included Raja Baguinda an the Muslim Arabian scholar Sayid Abu Bakr, who became the first Sultan o Sulu. The faimily an commonty relations are based on thair unnerstaundin o Islamic law. The Tausug are hivily influencit bi thair pre-Islamic tradeetions an aw. Tulay Central Mosque is the lairgest [[mosque]] in toun an in the province. Thare are numerous mosques locatit in different auries an barangays aroond Jolo an aw. The ''Oor Lady o Munt Carmel'' Kirk is a Roman Catholic kirk locatit in the toun centre an is the biggest kirk in toun. ==Leid an dialects== Majority o Joloanos speak the native [[Tausug leid|Tausug]]. [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] an [[Tagalog leid|Tagalog]] (Filipino) are uised specially in schuil an different offices athin the toun an aw. Hokkien is uised bi Cheenese traders. Ither leids include Samal/Badjao. Accordin tae the 2000 Philippine census bi the Naitional Statistics Office, the Tausug leid ranks nummer 14 wi 1,022,000 speakers aw ower the kintra, the speakers mainly comin frae Wastren Mindanao. ==Cultural destinctions== [[Bangsamoro Republik|Bangsamoro]] or Moroland is the hameland o the [[Moro fowk|Moro]], which is a Spainyie term uised for Muslims. The majority o Jolo’s fowk are [[Tausūg people|Tausug]]s - the ethnic group that dominates the Sulu Airchipelago. Tausug derives frae the wirds tau meanin “man” an sug meanin “current”, which translates tae “fowk o the current”, acause thay wur kent tae be seafarers wi militar an merchant skills. The Tausugs are kent as the warrior tribe wi excellent fechtin skills.<ref name="PCA">[http://www.sulu.gov.ph/culture.asp?id=3&hide_id=3&&n3IEl5XBkvMrP1Boo33L&sCode=mp8Cr74Yq10POj6mt52js1NAqkDWw6 "People, Culture and the Arts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005064227/http://www.sulu.gov.ph/culture.asp?id=3&hide_id=3&&n3IEl5XBkvMrP1Boo33L&sCode=mp8Cr74Yq10POj6mt52js1NAqkDWw6 |date=2011-10-05 }}. Province of Sulu Official Web Site.</ref> Afore the Tausugs adoptit [[Islam]], the Tausugs wur organizit intae [[kauman]] an wur govrened bi a [[patriarchal]] form o govrenment wi the individual datus as heids o thair awn commonties. The soorce o law wis the [[Adat]] which the Tausugs follaeed strictly.<ref>Kamlian, Jamail A.. [http://www.law.emory.edu/ihr/wrkpaper/j_kamlian.doc "Islam, Women and Gender Justice: A Discourse on the Traditional Islamic Practices among the Tausug in Southern Philippines"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614084232/http://www.law.emory.edu/ihr/wrkpaper/j_kamlian.doc |date=2010-06-14 }}. Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.</ref> [[File:Tausug.jpg|thumb|left|''Tausug wumman in tradeetional garb, performin the Pangalay'']] The Tausug airts an handicrafts hae a mix o Islamic an Indonesie influences. Pangalay is a popular celebratory dance at Tausug weddings, which can last weeks dependin on the financial status an greement o the faimilies. Thay dance tae the muisic o kulintangan, gabbang, an agong. Anither tradeetional dance o courtship is the Pangalay ha Agong. In this dance, twa Tausug warriors compete for the attention o a wumman uisin an agong (lairge, deep, brass gong) tae demonstrate thair competence an skill.<ref name="PCA"/> A lairge portion o the population in Jolo is o [[Cheenae|Cheenese]] strynd. Atween 1770 an 1800, 18,000 Cheenese came frae Sooth Cheenae tae tred an mony o thaim stayed. In 1803, Portuguese Caiptain Juan Carvalho reportit that thare wur 1,200 Cheenese livin in the toun. The reorientation o the Sulu tred patterns caused a influx o Cheenese immigrants frae Singapore.<ref name="Warren">James Francis Warren, "The Sulu Zone, 1768-1898: The Dynamics of External Trade, Slavery, and Ethnicity in the Transformation of a Southeast Asian Maritime State". National University of Singapore Press, Singapore.</ref> ==Economy== ===Industry=== In Jolo, maist o the residents are in the [[agricultur]] industry. Agricultural products include [[coconut]], [[cassava]], [[abaca]], [[coffee]], [[lanzones]], [[jackfruit]], [[durian]], [[mangosteen]] an [[Artocarpus odoratissimus|marang]]. Jolo is the anerly municipality in Sulu that daes no [[seaweed fermin|ferm seaweed]]. Fishin is the maist important industry; itherwise fowk engage in the industries o boat biggin, mat weavin, coffee processin, an [[fruit preserves|fruit preservation]].<ref>[http://www.sulu.gov.ph/tourism.asp?id=2&hide_id=2&tabid=1&Rm425S01OAq76gfSRMn5&sCode=QTc27aq1THg66Nu5XujNWI6e7O20Au "Tourism"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005064253/http://www.sulu.gov.ph/tourism.asp?id=2&hide_id=2&tabid=1&Rm425S01OAq76gfSRMn5&sCode=QTc27aq1THg66Nu5XujNWI6e7O20Au |date=2011-10-05 }}. Province of Sulu Official Web Site.</ref> ===Bankin=== Thare war different banks operatin in Jolo an servin the fowk o Jolo for thair needs. Thir includit the [[Philippine National Bank]], [[Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company|Metro Bank]], [[Allied Banking Corporation|Allied Bank]], [[Islamic Bank]], [[Land Bank of the Philippines|Land Bank]] an [[Development Bank of the Philippines]]. [[Automatit teller machines]] (ATMs) are available in selectit bank branches an aw. ===Economic growthe=== [[File:USNS Mercy off Jolo.jpg|thumb|border|right|250px|[[USNS Mercy (T-AH-19)|USNS Mercy]] aff Jolo]] Economic development in Jolo haes been hampered bi instability, violence an unrest caused bi the presence o several Islamist separatist groups in the Bangsamoro. The lang-runnin separatist insurgency haes made thir Muslim-dominated islands some o the poorest regions in the naition. Jolo haes facit a lairge degree o lawlessness an poverty.<ref>Crossette, Barbara (1987-09-11). [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE1DE153DF932A2575AC0A961948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all "In Filipino Port, Lawlessness Grows"]. New York Times.</ref> Jolo is a main stranghauld for the Al-Qaeda-linkit [[Abu Sayyaf]] group, an thir condeetions are ideal for militant recruitment. Housomeivver, the situation haes impruivit syne the US haes investit in developin the region. In 2007, Unitit States Unnersecretar o State for Public Diplomacy an Public Affairs Karen Hughes an US Ambassador Kristie Kenney visitit Jolo tae learn aboot US govrenment-sponsored projects for ‘development, peace an prosperity’ in the region. The [[United States Agency for International Development]] (USAID) haes fundit a ‘ferm-tae-mercat’ road atween [[Maimbung]] an Jolo tae help farmers transport agricultural produce tae the mercat. On her veesit, Kenney annooncit the $3 million plan tae impruive the [[Jolo Airport]].<ref>http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T5667574747&format=GNBFI&sort=DATE,A,H&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T5666963374&cisb=22_T5667573664&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=173384&docNo=2</ref> Syne 1997, USAID haes spent $4 million a year in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sulu.gov.ph/latestinsulu.asp?id=37&hide_id=5&tabid=1&scode#t2WKj77QX60XM5ALuh8R=jeDXxt0Fn60Lc5FSq11YycJfnr2MDo |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-12-17 |archive-date=2009-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512114158/http://sulu.gov.ph/latestinsulu.asp?id=37&hide_id=5&tabid=1&scode#t2WKj77QX60XM5ALuh8R=jeDXxt0Fn60Lc5FSq11YycJfnr2MDo |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ither institutions involvit are the [[World Bank]], [[JICA]] an [[AusAID]]. The Filipino govrenment haes spent ower P39 million for development an infrastructur in Sulu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sulu.gov.ph/latestinsulu.asp?id=61&hide_id=5&tabid=1&scode#t2WKj77QX60XM5ALuh8R=jeDXxt0Fn60Lc5FSq11YycJfnr2MDo |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-12-17 |archive-date=2009-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512121850/http://sulu.gov.ph/latestinsulu.asp?id=61&hide_id=5&tabid=1&scode#t2WKj77QX60XM5ALuh8R=jeDXxt0Fn60Lc5FSq11YycJfnr2MDo |url-status=dead }}</ref> In October 2008, the Provincial Govrenment o Sulu in cooperation wi the Local Watter Utilities Admeenistration (LWUA), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Mindanao Economic Development Council (MEDCO) an the Jolo Mainland Watter Destrict (JMWD) stairtit the construction o a 54 million pesos project tae upgrade the watter supply seestem in Jolo.<ref>(2008-09-25). [http://www.lwua.gov.ph/news/sept_08_news/News_jolo.htm "P54-million water supply project for Jolo mainland"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303003614/http://www.lwua.gov.ph/news/sept_08_news/News_jolo.htm |date=2012-03-03 }}. Local Water Utilities Administration.</ref> ==Peace an order== ===Clan feud=== In present day [[Sulu]], thare is a degree o lawlessness an clan-based politics. Thir [[clan]] lines are based alang faimily ties, which stairtit efter Arthur Amaral proposed marriage tae a wumman frae a rival clan. The rejectit proposal caused a faimily feud which forcit faimilies tae tak sides. Thare are 100,000 rifles circlin the Sulu airchipelago. Amaist ivery hoosehauld awns a gun, an the clans aften settle disputes wi violence. Maist o the disputes atween clans revolve aroond land. The clan-based society maks it extremely difficult for pols tae impose law. Thare are several gun shuitins an the Filipino Airmy is aften cried in tae settle disputes.<ref>AlJazeeraEnglish (2008-07-29). [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkIK-FAlLu4 "People and Power - Gun culture - 29 July 08 Part 1"]. YouTube.</ref> In Apryle 2008, the Jolo Zone o Peace, which wis supportit bi the [[Geneva]]-based [[Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue]] (CHD), wis established whaur fireairms wur restrictit in mediatin conflicts atween clans. The Sulu govrenment is attemptin tae spread this zone o peace intae the kintraside.<ref>AlJazeeraEnglish (2008-07-29). [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aA6OQolVRyE "People and Power - Gun culture - 29 July 08 Part 2"]. YouTube.</ref> ===Abu Sayyaf=== The island wis considered dangerous for foreigners, especially Americans, as militants threatened tae shuit or abduct thaim on the spot. Hintle o the anger comes frae when American colonizers killed 600 men, weemen an childer, who haed retreatit up Munt Dajo in 1906 efter refusin tae pey taxes, in the [[First Battle o Bud Dajo]] durin the [[Philippine–American War]].<ref name="lexisnexis.com">http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T5667574747&format=GNBFI&sort=DATE,A,H&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T5666963374&cisb=22_T5667573664&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=11314&docNo=3</ref> Housomeivver, the American image haes impruivit syne American development plans for the region wur carriet oot. The maist radical separatist Islamic group [[Abu Sayyaf]] claims tae be fechtin for an Islamic state unthirlt o the Roman Catholic Philippine govrenment. The group haes stranghaulds in Jolo an [[Basilan]]. Driven bi poverty an heich rewairds, a significant nummer o local residents are suspectit tae wirk for thaim. The Abu Sayyaf haes committit a series o kidnappins. On 23 Apryle 2000, the Abu Sayyaf raidit the [[Malaysie]] resort island o [[Sipadan]] an kidnappit 21 tourists frae Germany, Fraunce, Finland an Sooth Africae an brocht thaim back tae Jolo, askin for $25 million in [[ransom]] money. The Abu Sayyaf haes kidnappit several [[jurnalist]]s an [[photographers]] in Jolo an aw. The US haes awready spent millions o dollars for information leadin tae the arrest o militants; an affered up tae $5 million in boonty wi Manila as much as P10 million rewaird for information leadin tae the captur o Abu Sayyaf leaders. Sulu govrenor Benjamin Loong supportit the [[US Special Forces]] projects “Operation Smiles” o providin medical care, an building roads an schuils. The US Special Forces an Govrenor Loong howps that winnin respect an alleviatin poverty frae the fowk will stap terrorist recruitment. Govrenor Loong claimit that mony residents hae turned awa Abu Sayyaf an [[Jemaah Islamiah]] members.<ref name="lexisnexis.com"/> ===War on Terror=== Three month efter the [[11t September attacks]], [[George W. Bush]] annooncit the US wis openin a seicont front in the [[War on Terror]] in the [[Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines|Philippines]]. The Airchipelago became the testin grunds for the Philippine anti-terror plan “Clear, Hold and Develop”. In August 2006, Operation Ultimatum wis launched an 5,000 Philippine marines an sodgers, supportit bi the US Special Forces began clearin the island o Jolo, fechtin against a force o 400 guerillas. Bi Februar 2007, the toun o Jolo wis deemit cleared o terrorists. ==Poleetical an societal significance== <!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[File:Ph seal sulu.png|frame|left|Province of Sulu Seal]] --> The Moros are geographically concentratit in the Soothwast o the Philippines. Moros identifee maistly wi the majority Muslim naitions o Indonesie an Malaysie acause o thair geographic proximity, an linguistic an cultural similarities. Moros hae facit encroachments frae the Spainyie, Americans an nou face the naitional Philippine govrenment. Sicweys, the struggle for the Moro unthirldom state haes existit for ower 400 years. Jolo haes been the centre o this conflict. Atween 1972 an 1976, Jolo wis the centre o the Muslim Separatist Rebellion atween the Muslim militants an the [[Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos]] regime which killed 120,000 fowk. In 1974, fechtin breuk oot when the govrenment troops stoppit the [[Moro Naitional Leeberation Front]] (MNLF) frae takkin ower the toun.<ref name="ATimes"/> Currently, the Moro Naitional Leeberation Front is the Rulin Pairty o the [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]] (ARMM). In 1996, the MNLF wis grantit leadership o the ARMM in response tae the caws for Muslim autonomy. Abdusakur Tan is the govrenor o Sulu an Husin Amin is the mayor o Jolo. Politeecians in thir regions rose tae pouer wi the help o clan connections. ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }} * [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/pop0.html 1995 Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624033814/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/pop0.html |date=2011-06-24 }} * [http://www.census.gov.ph/census2000/index.html 2000 Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130095048/http://www.census.gov.ph/census2000/index.html |date=2010-01-30 }} * [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html 2007 Philippine Census Information (1)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024509/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html |date=2008-11-20 }} * [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2008/pr0830tx.html 2007 Philippine Census Information (2)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302104328/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2008/pr0830tx.html |date=2009-03-02 }} * [http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&frmIdDcfCode=7&fLguType=CM&frmIdRegion=1&frmIdProvince=96&frmIdLgu=1696 Local Governance Performance Management System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110090534/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&frmIdDcfCode=7&fLguType=CM&frmIdRegion=1&frmIdProvince=96&frmIdLgu=1696 |date=2016-01-10 }} * http://royalsulu.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=41&Itemid=18 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503180657/http://royalsulu.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=41&Itemid=18 |date=2018-05-03 }} {{Sulu}} {{Philippine Provincial Caipitals}} [[Category:Municipalities o Sulu]] [[Category:Provincial caipitals o the Philippines]] fen5w36jib9jjrszroxshq3jg6phct4 0 65239 900804 880508 2024-12-01T01:45:59Z Endersslay 113229 rm unneedit category 900804 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MonthlyMeanT.gif|thumb|right|300px|A cairt o global lang term monthly average surface air temperaturs in Mollweide projection.]] A '''temperatur''' is a numerical measure o het or cauld. Its measurement is bi detection o heat radiation or pairticle velocity or kinetic energy, or bi the bulk behavior o a [[thermometer|thermometric]] material. It mey be [[calibration|calibratit]] in ony o sindry [[Temperatur conversion formulas|temperatur scales]], Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, etc. The fundamental pheesical defineetion o temperatur is providit bi [[thermodynamics]]. [[Category:Temperatur| ]] [[Category:Concepts in physics]] [[Category:Physical quantities]] [[Category:Thermodynamics]] [[Category:Heat transfer]] b005x2e7vedbhnpq51hqxu6y3r8hvsx 0 70986 900810 897587 2024-12-01T04:42:02Z That Northern Irish Historian 99470 900810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Former Country |native_name = ''État indépendant du Congo'' |conventional_long_name = Congo Free State |common_name = Congo |continent = [[Africae]] |region = [[Central Africae]] |country = [[Democratic Republic o the Congo]] |era = [[New Imperialism]] |status = [[Vassal]] |status_text = State in [[Personal union]] wi the [[History o Belgium#Empire|Kinrick o Belgium]] |empire = |government_type = [[Absolute monarchy]] |common_languages = [[French leid|French]] <small>([[de facto]] offeecial)</small>, <br/>[[Leids o the Democratic Republic o the Congo|mair nor 200 indigenous leids]] |event_start = [[Berlin conference|Established]] |year_start = 1885 |date_start = Julie 1<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> |event_end = [[Belgian Congo|Annexation bi Belgium]] |year_end = 1908 |date_end = November 15 |p1 = Internaitional Association o the Congo |flag_p1 = Flag of the Congo Free State.svg |s1 = Belgian Congo |flag_s1 = Flag of the Congo Free State.svg |image_flag = Flag of the Congo Free State.svg |flag = Banner o the Democratic Republic o the Congo |image_coat = Coat of arms of the Congo Free State.svg |symbol = Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo |image_map = LocationCongoFreeState.png |national_motto = ''{{lang-fr|Travail et progrès}}''<br/>(Wirk an Progress) |national_anthem = Vers l'avenir |capital = [[Boma, Democratic Republic o the Congo|Boma]] |latd=5 |latm=51 |latNS=S |longd=13 |longm=3 |longEW= E |leader1 = [[Leopold II o Belgium]] |year_leader1=1885-1908 |title_leader = Sovereign |representative1=Francis Walter de Winton <small>(first)</small> |year_representative1=1885–1886 |representative2=[[Théophile Wahis]] <small>(last)</small> |year_representative2=1900-1908 |title_representative=[[Leet o colonial heids o Congo|Govrenor-general]] |currency=[[Congolese franc]] }} The '''Congo Free State''' ({{lang-fr|État indépendant du Congo}}) wis a lairge aurie in [[Central Africae]] that wis privately controlled bi [[Leopold II o Belgium|Leopold II, Keeng o the Belgians]]. Even thouch he niver visitit the Congo Free State (nor [[Africae]]), it wis his personal property an he rulit as a [[dictator]]. He amassit a huge fortune throuch massive [[sclavery|sclave labour]] which causit the deaths o millions o Congolese. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{coord|5|51|S|13|03|E|type:country_source:kolossus-slwiki|display=title}} [[Category:Congo Free State| ]] [[Category:Belgian colonisation in Africae]] [[Category:Umwhile Belgian colonies]] [[Category:Umwhile colonies in Africae]] [[Category:Poleetical history o the Democratic Republic o the Congo]] [[Category:Human richts abuisses]] [[Category:Genocides]] [[Category:Politicides]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1885]] [[Category:States an territories disestablished in 1908]] lqtnhgk6fowh9hxn3d818cjfelp0c1p 900811 900810 2024-12-01T04:42:12Z That Northern Irish Historian 99470 900811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Former Country |native_name = ''État indépendant du Congo'' |conventional_long_name = Congo Free State |common_name = Congo |continent = [[Africae]] |region = [[Central Africae]] |country = [[Democratic Republic o the Congo]] |era = [[New Imperialism]] |status = [[Vassal]] |status_text = State in [[Personal union]] wi the [[History o Belgium#Empire|Kinrick o Belgium]] |empire = |government_type = [[Absolute monarchy]] |common_languages = [[French leid|French]] <small>([[de facto]] offeecial)</small>, <br/>[[Leids o the Democratic Republic o the Congo|mair nor 200 indigenous leids]] |event_start = [[Berlin conference|Established]] |year_start = 1885 |date_start = Julie 1<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> |event_end = [[Belgian Congo|Annexation bi Belgium]] |year_end = 1908 |date_end = November 15 |p1 = Internaitional Association o the Congo |flag_p1 = Flag of the Congo Free State.svg |s1 = Belgian Congo |flag_s1 = Flag of the Congo Free State.svg |image_flag = Flag of the Congo Free State.svg |flag = Banner o the Democratic Republic o the Congo |image_coat = Coat of arms of the Congo Free State.svg |symbol = Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo |image_map = LocationCongoFreeState.png |national_motto = ''{{lang-fr|Travail et progrès}}''<br/>(Wirk an Progress) |national_anthem = Vers l'avenir |capital = [[Boma, Democratic Republic o the Congo|Boma]] |latd=5 |latm=51 |latNS=S |longd=13 |longm=3 |longEW= E |leader1 = [[Leopold II o Belgium]] |year_leader1=1885-1908 |title_leader = Sovereign |representative1=Francis Walter de Winton <small>(first)</small> |year_representative1=1885–1886 |representative2=[[Théophile Wahis]] <small>(last)</small> |year_representative2=1900-1908 |title_representative=[[Leet o colonial heids o Congo|Govrenor-general]] |currency=[[Congolese franc]] }} The '''Congo Free State''' ({{lang-fr|État indépendant du Congo}}) wis a lairge area in [[Central Africae]] that wis privately controlled bi [[Leopold II o Belgium|Leopold II, Keeng o the Belgians]]. Even thouch he niver visitit the Congo Free State (nor [[Africae]]), it wis his personal property an he rulit as a [[dictator]]. He amassit a huge fortune throuch massive [[sclavery|sclave labour]] which causit the deaths o millions o Congolese. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{coord|5|51|S|13|03|E|type:country_source:kolossus-slwiki|display=title}} [[Category:Congo Free State| ]] [[Category:Belgian colonisation in Africae]] [[Category:Umwhile Belgian colonies]] [[Category:Umwhile colonies in Africae]] [[Category:Poleetical history o the Democratic Republic o the Congo]] [[Category:Human richts abuisses]] [[Category:Genocides]] [[Category:Politicides]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1885]] [[Category:States an territories disestablished in 1908]] 1tf6zfaai48ikafabq7i8hqcprlmbka 0 78985 900802 718229 2024-11-30T22:15:48Z DCNFY 90686 900802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football tournament | name = Copa CONMEBOL Libertadores | current = [[2024 Copa Libertadores]] | logo = | caption = The current Copa Bridgestone Libertadores offeecial logo, in uise syne 2012 | founded = 1960 | region = Sooth Americae ([[CONMEBOL]]) an [[Mexican Federation o Association Fitbaa|Mexico]] | number of teams = 38 | current champions = {{nowrap|[[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]] (1st title)}} | most successful club = {{nowrap|[[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]] (7 titles)}} | broadcasters = [[:en:List of Copa Libertadores broadcasters|Leet o broadcasters]] | song = | website = [http://www.bridgestonelibertadores.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] }} The '''Copa Libertadores''' ({{lang-pt|Taça Libertadores}}) is a annual internaitional club [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] competeetion organisit bi [[CONMEBOL]] syne 1960. It is ane o the maist prestigious toornaments in the warld an the maist prestigious club competeetion in Sooth American fitbaw. The toornament is namit in honour o the ''[[Libertadores]]'' (Spaingie an Portuguese for ''leeberators''), the main leaders o the Sooth American wars o unthirldom,<ref name="Inicio" /> so a leeteral translation o its name intae Scots wad be "'''Leeberators o Americas Cup'''". == References == {{Reflist|25em}} == Freemit airtins == {{wiktionary|Sueño Libertador}} {{Commons category|Copa Libertadores}} [[Category:Copa Libertadores| ]] [[Category:CONMEBOL club competeetions]] go9uh5f8zi2ofconr5ch7b8g3e1sqxp 0 79266 900806 871965 2024-12-01T03:06:07Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 900806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}} {{Infobox football club |current = |clubname=Lanús |image= |fullname=Club Atlético Lanús |nickname=''Granate'' |founded={{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1915|1|3}} |ground=[[Estadio Ciudad de Lanús – Néstor Díaz Pérez]],<br>[[Lanús]], [[Buenos Aires Province]], Argentina |capacity=47,027 |chairman= Nicolás Russo |manager= [[Jorge Almirón]] |league= [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] |season= [[:en;2016 Argentine Primera División season|2016]] |position= 1st |website=http://www.clublanus.com/ |pattern_la1=_lanus1314h|pattern_b1=_lanus1314h|pattern_ra1=_lanus1314h|pattern_sh1=|pattern_so1=_lanus14h| leftarm1=660033|body1=660033|rightarm1=660033|shorts1=660033|socks1=660033| pattern_la2=_brown border|pattern_b2=_lanus1314a|pattern_ra2=_brown border|pattern_sh2=|pattern_so2=_lanus14a| leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF| pattern_la3=_lanus1314t|pattern_b3=_lanus1314t|pattern_ra3=_lanus1314t|pattern_so1=_lanus14h| leftarm3=660033|body3=000040|rightarm3=660033|shorts3=000040|socks3=000040| }} '''Club Atlético Lanús''' ({{IPA-es|ˈkluβ aˈtletiko laˈnus}}) is a [[Argentinae|Argentine]] [[sports club]] frae the [[Lanús]] destrict o [[Greater Buenos Aires]]. Foondit on 3 Januar 1915, the club's main sports are [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] an basketbaw. In baith sports, Lanús plays in Argentinae's tap diveesions: [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] (fitbaw) an [[Liga Nacional de Básquet]] (basketbaw). In fitbaw, Lanús haes wan three major championships in its history: the [[1996 Copa CONMEBOL]] (the predecessor o the current [[Copa Sudamericana]]),<ref>[http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/torre-sac-best.html Rsssf.com]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.edicionnacional.com/edicion/2005/8/18/articulo/7266 |title=Diario On Line "Edición Nacional" |access-date=2014-07-31 |archive-date=2018-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027225723/http://www.edicionnacional.com/edicion/2005/8/18/articulo/7266 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pan.segundosfuera.com/copa_sudamericana/153540.html |title="Breve historia de la Copa Sudamericana" |access-date=2014-07-31 |archive-date=2008-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006085755/http://pan.segundosfuera.com/copa_sudamericana/153540.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.infofutbolonline.com/torneos/copa_conmebol.htm Información sobre la Copa Conmebol]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/ESP/Noticia/Futebol/Santos/0,,MUL210981-4404,00.html |title=Globo Esporte |access-date=2014-07-31 |archive-date=2009-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512175348/http://globoesporte.globo.com/ESP/Noticia/Futebol/Santos/0,,MUL210981-4404,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://esportes.terra.com.br/sao-paulo/em-94-expressinho-salvou-temporada-com-precursora-da-sul-americana,bd60c563e456b310VgnCLD2000000ec6eb0aRCRD.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-07-31 |archive-date=2013-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930175038/http://esportes.terra.com.br/sao-paulo/em-94-expressinho-salvou-temporada-com-precursora-da-sul-americana,bd60c563e456b310VgnCLD2000000ec6eb0aRCRD.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.futbolsantander.com/es/actualidad/noticias/?noticia=625]</ref> the [[:en;2007–08 Argentine Primera División#Torneo Apertura|2007 Apertura]] an the [[2013 Copa Sudamericana]]. Apairt frae fitbaw, Lanús hosts mony ither sports sic as athletics, gymnastics, mairtial airts, [[team handbaw|handbaw]], [[field hockey]], [[roller skeitchin]], soummin, tennis, volleybaw an [[olympic wichtliftin|wichtliftin]]. ==Honours== ===Naitional=== *'''[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] (2)''' :: [[:en;2007-08 in Argentine football#Torneo Apertura .28.22Opening.22 Tournament.29|Apertura 2007]] :: 2016 *'''Copa Bicentenario (1)''' :: 2016 ===Internaitional=== *'''[[Copa CONMEBOL]] (1)''' :: [[1996 Copa CONMEBOL|1996]] *'''[[Copa Sudamericana]] (1)''' :: [[2013 Copa Sudamericana|2013]] ==Ither sports== ===Basketbaw=== Lanús currently plays in the [[Liga Nacional de Básquet]], the tap level o the Argentine league seestem. == References == {{reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commonscat}} *[http://www.clublanus.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{es}} *[http://hockeyclublanus.com.ar Hockey section] {{es}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lanus, Club Atletico}} [[Category:Club Atlético Lanús| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1915]] [[Category:Basketbaw teams in Buenos Aires Province]] [[Category:Basketbaw clubs established in 1915]] [[Category:Argentine field hockey clubs]] [[Category:Argentine volleybaw teams]] [[Category:Argentine handbaw clubs]] [[Category:1915 establishments in Argentinae]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Buenos Aires Province]] 14wzw7qvqht257vzzujy87h3mkqjwkb 0 140460 900820 707696 2024-12-01T05:05:54Z That Northern Irish Historian 99470 900820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic Taxobox | name = Mustelidae | image = WEASEL.JPG | image_caption = [[Lang-tailed wheasel]] (''Mustela frenata'') | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|15|0}}<small>Early [[Miocene]] – Recent</small> | taxon = Mustelidae | authority = [[Johann Fischer von Waldheim|G. Fischer de Waldheim]], 1817 | type_genus = ''[[Weasel|Mustela]]'' | type_genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 | subdivision_ranks = [[Family (biology)|Subfamilies]] | subdivision = *[[Guloninae]] ([[mairten]]s, [[wolverine]]s) *[[ferret-badger|Helictidinae]] ([[ferret-brock]]s) *[[Ictonychinae]] ([[grison]]s, [[Ictonyx|African polecat]]s) *[[Otter|Lutrinae]] (otters) *[[Badger (animal)|Melinae]] (Eurasian brocks) *[[Ratel|Mellivorinae]] (hinnie brocks) *[[Mustelinae]] (wheasels) *[[American badger|Taxidiinae]] (American brocks) *'''Incertae sedis''' **''{{extinct}}[[Hoplictis]]''}} '''Mustelidae''' (frae Laitin ''mustela'', wheasal) or the '''wheasal faimily''' are a faimily o [[carnivora|carnivorous]] [[mammal]]s, includin the [[otter]], [[badger]], [[weasel]], [[marten]], [[foumart]], [[mink]] an [[wolverine]]. {{Taxonbar|from=Q25437}} [[Category:Carnivorans]] [[Category:Mammal faimilies]] [[Category:Langhian first appearances]] [[Category:Mustelidae]] [[Category:Extant Miocene first appearances]] [[Category:Taxa named bi Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim]] pa9h099hu1oky35y5ik0e4xf95f6tfv 0 148447 900807 878696 2024-12-01T03:08:06Z That Northern Irish Historian 99470 900807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}}{{Ulster Scots}}{{Infobox national football team | Name = Northern Ireland | Badge = | Badge_size = 175px | FIFA Trigramme = NIR | Nickname = Green and White Army, Norn Iron | Association = [[Irish Football Association]] | Confederation = [[UEFA]] (Europe) | Coach = [[Michael O'Neill (fitbawer)|Michael O'Neill]] | Captain = [[Steven Davis (fitbawer)|Steven Davis]] | Most caps = [[Pat Jennings]] (119) | Top scorer = [[David Healy (fitbawer)|David Healy]] (36) | Home Stadium = [[Windsor Park]] | FIFA Rank = {{FIFA World Rankings|NIR}} | FIFA max = 25 | FIFA max date = Juin 2016 | FIFA min = 129 | FIFA min date = September 2012 | Elo Rank = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Northern Ireland}} | Elo max = 5 or 14 | Elo max date = 1882 or May 1986 | Elo min = 114 | Elo min date = 11 October 2013 | pattern_la1=_nier16h|pattern_b1=_nir2016home|pattern_ra1=_nier16h|pattern_sh1=_adidasonwhite|pattern_so1=_nier16h | leftarm1=082052|body1=4AA02C|rightarm1=082052|shorts1=082052|socks1=00924A | pattern_la2=_nier16a|pattern_b2=_nir2016away|pattern_ra2=_nier16a|pattern_sh2=_adidaswhite|pattern_so2=_nier16a | leftarm2=00924A|body2=00924A|rightarm2=00924A|shorts2=00924A|socks2=FFFFFF | First game = Offeecial:<br />{{fb|Ireland}} 0–13 {{fb-rt|England}}<br />([[Belfast]]; 18 Februar 1882)<br /> As Northren Ireland{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}: <br /> {{fb|Northren Ireland}} 1–3 {{fb-rt|Scotland}}<br />([[Belfast]]; 3 October 1953) | Largest win = {{fb|Ireland}} 7–0 {{fb-rt|Wales}}<br />([[Belfast]]; 1 Februar 1930) | Largest loss = {{fb|Ireland}} 0–13 {{fb-rt|Ingland}}<br />([[Belfast]]; 18 Februar 1882) | World cup apps = 3 | World cup first = 1958 | World cup best = Quairter feenals, [[1958 FIFA Warld Cup|1958]] | Regional name = [[UEFA European Fitbaa Championship|European Championship]] | Regional cup apps = 1 | Regional cup first = [[UEFA Euro 2016|2016]] | Regional cup best = Roond o 16, [[UEFA Euro 2016|2016]] }} The [[Norlin Airlan]] ([[Ulster Scots leid|Ulstèr-Scotch]]; in [[Lallans]] ''Northren Ireland'') natiounal [[fitba]] team represents the kintrie in internaitional [[fitbaw]]. Frae 1882 tae 1921 aw o [[Airlan]] wis representit bi an [[Ireland naitional fitbaw team (1882–1950)|aw-Airlan natiounal fitba team]], organisit bi the [[Irish Football Association]] (IFA). In 1921 the jurisdiction o the IFA wis reducit tae Norlin Airlan follaein the secession o clubs in the suin-tae-be [[Erse Free State]], awtho its team remained the naitional team for aw o Airlan till 1950, an uised the name ''Ireland'' til the 1970s.<ref>Matthew Taylor (2008). ''The Association Game: A History of British Football''. Harlow:Pearson Education Ltd.</ref>{{refn|group=n|The last match played as Ireland was 1978 versus Scotland,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nifootball.blogspot.co.uk/2010/03/northern-ireland-programmes-1975-1978_27.html|title=NIFG: Northern Ireland Programmes 1975–1978|publisher=|accessdate=13 June 2016}}</ref> housomeivver, apairt frae this match, aw Breetish Championship matches haed been played as "Northern Ireland" syne the 1973–74 toornament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nifootball.blogspot.co.uk/2010/03/northern-ireland-programmes-1972-1975.html|title=NIFG: Northern Ireland Programmes 1972–1975|publisher=|accessdate=13 June 2016}}</ref> In the 1972–73 toornament, the first twa matches wur played as "Ireland" an the third as "Northern Ireland". In the 1971–72 toornament, the first wis played as "Ireland" an the seicont an third as "Northern Ireland". 1970–71 wis the last toornament in which aw matches wur played unner the name "Ireland".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nifootball.blogspot.co.uk/2010/03/northern-ireland-programmes-1882-1889.html|title=NIFG: Northern Ireland Programmes 1968–1972|publisher=|accessdate=13 June 2016}}</ref>}} The [[Football Association of Ireland]] (FAI) organises the separate [[Republic o Ireland naitional fitbaw team]]. ==Notes== {{Reflist|group=n}} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == Freemit airtins == {{commons category}} * [http://www.irishfa.com/ Irish Football Association – Northern Ireland Football offeecial steid] * [http://nifootball.blogspot.com/2006/07/welcome.html Northern Ireland Stats & Statistics] * [http://www.rsssf.com/tablesn/nil-intres.html RSSSF archive of international results 1882–] * [http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/nil-recintlp.html RSSSF archive of most capped players and highest goalscorers] {{DEFAULTSORT:Northren Ireland Naitional Fitbaa Team}} [[Category:Northren Ireland naitional fitbaw team| ]] [[Category:European naitional association fitbaw teams]] [[Category:Naitional sports teams o Northren Ireland|Fitbaa]] [[Category:1950s establishments in Northren Ireland]] fcjnjtfeaeemk6vlliavhjm1nn8lfq5 0 163133 900805 850785 2024-12-01T02:17:51Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 900805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes | honorific-prefix = | name = <small>[[Senator for life]]</small><br />Carlo Rubbia<br /><small>{{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Order o Meerit o the Italian Republic|OMRI]] [[Italian Order o Meerit for Cultur an Airt|OMCA]]}}</small> | honorific-suffix = [[Order o Meerit o the Italian Republic|OMRI]] [[Italian Order o Meerit for Cultur an Airt|OMCA]] | image = Carlo Rubbia 2012.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Rubbia at the 2012 [[Nobel Laureate Meetings at Lindau|Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1934|3|31|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Gorizia]], [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], [[Italy]] | nationality = [[Italy|Italian]] | field = [[Pairticle pheesics]] | institutions = {{Plainlist| * [[CERN]] * [[Columbia Varsity]]}} | awards = {{Plainlist| * [[Senator for life]] (2013) * [[Order o Meerit o the Italian Republic|OMRI]] * [[Italian Order o Meerit for Cultur an Airt|OMCA]] * [[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] {{small|(1984)}} * [[Bakerian Lectur]] {{small|(1985)}} * [[Fellae o the Ryal Society|ForMemRS]] {{small|(1984)}}<ref name=formemrs>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106215707/https://royalsociety.org/people/carlo-rubbia-12208/ |archivedate=2015-11-06 |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/carlo-rubbia-12208/ |title=Professor Carlo Rubbia ForMemRS |publisher=[[Royal Society]] |location=London}}</ref> * [[Dirac Medal]] {{small|(1989)}}}} | known_for = [[W an Z bosons|Discovery o W an Z bosons]] | alma_mater = [[Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa]] | religion = | footnotes = | signature = | website = {{URL|http://www.iass-potsdam.de/en/people/prof-dr-dr-carlo-rubbia}} }} '''Carlo Rubbia''', {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Order o Meerit o the Italian Republic|OMRI]], [[Italian Order o Meerit for Cultur an Airt|OMCA]]}} (born 31 Mairch 1934)<ref name=CVCR>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1984/rubbia-bio.html |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984 : Carlo Rubbia – Biographical |accessdate=1 September 2015 |website=Nobelprize.org |publisher=Nobel Media AB |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510022145/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1984/rubbia-bio.html |archivedate=10 May 2015}}</ref> is an [[Italy|Italian]] [[Pairticle pheesics|pairticle pheesicist]] an [[inventor]] wha shared the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] in 1984 wi [[Simon van der Meer]] for wirk leadin tae the discovery o the [[W an Z bosons|W an Z pairticles]] at [[CERN]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Darriulat |first1=Pierre |title=The W and Z particles: a personal recollection |journal=CERN Courier |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=13–16 |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1733604}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=CERN honours Carlo Rubbia as he turns 75 |journal=CERN Courier |date=June 2009 |volume=49 |issue=5 |page=27 |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1734391}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Catapano |first1=Paola |title=Carlo Rubbia: a passion for physics and a craving for new ideas |journal=CERN Courier |date=September 2014 |url=http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/58540 |access-date=2017-03-16 |archive-date=2016-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602115747/http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/58540 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1984/rubbia-autobio.html |title=Nobel prize Autobiography of Rubbia |access-date=2017-03-16 |archive-date=2008-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517122854/http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1984/rubbia-autobio.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1984/press.html Nobel prize press release about Rubbia]</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9064313?query=rubbia&ct= Article on Carlo Rubbia from Encyclopædia Britannica]</ref><ref>[http://www.casinapioiv.va/content/accademia/en/academicians/ordinary/rubbia.html Carlo Rubbia's biography and lectures on the website of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences]</ref><ref>[https://inspirehep.net/author/profile/C.Rubbia.1 Scientific publications of Carlo Rubbia on INSPIRE-HEP]</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rubbia, Carlo}} [[Category:1934 births]] [[Category:Fowk associatit wi CERN]] [[Category:Columbia Varsity fowk]] [[Category:Commanders o the Order o Meerit o the Republic o Poland]] [[Category:Experimental pheesicists]] [[Category:Foreign Members o the Ryal Society]] [[Category:Foreign Members o the Roushie Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Harvard Varsity faculty]] [[Category:Italian Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Italian pheesicists]] [[Category:Italian Life Senators]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pontifical Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesics]] [[Category:Pairticle physicists]] [[Category:Fowk frae Gorizia]] [[Category:Fowk frae the Province o Gorizia]] [[Category:Varsity o Pisa alumni]] f3fef9jyqdn1uiw07tprjwcvq0sq8we 0 166396 900824 579886 2024-12-01T11:18:37Z EmausBot 6792 Fixin dooble reguidal til [[Auld-world whitrat]] 900824 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Auld-world whitrat]] lbev4497jmbeeah7ep5hviyi4qh91zs 0 166397 900825 579887 2024-12-01T11:18:47Z EmausBot 6792 Fixin dooble reguidal til [[Auld-world whitrat]] 900825 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Auld-world whitrat]] lbev4497jmbeeah7ep5hviyi4qh91zs 0 224402 900818 800110 2024-12-01T04:52:24Z Xqbot 2526 Fixin dooble reguidal til [[Dauvit I, King o Scots]] 900818 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dauvit I, King o Scots]] 14q4tad7bgjmdav04g2tpmcph4yt3g4 1 224403 900814 800112 2024-12-01T04:52:04Z Xqbot 2526 Fixin dooble reguidal til [[Collogue:Dauvit I, King o Scots]] 900814 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Collogue:Dauvit I, King o Scots]] lyv59fh28an9rhtfd5ze680xul2iof4 0 232231 900815 900731 2024-12-01T04:52:09Z Xqbot 2526 Fixin dooble reguidal til [[Dauvit I, King o Scots]] 900815 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dauvit I, King o Scots]] 14q4tad7bgjmdav04g2tpmcph4yt3g4 1 232232 900813 900733 2024-12-01T04:51:59Z Xqbot 2526 Fixin dooble reguidal til [[Collogue:Dauvit I, King o Scots]] 900813 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Collogue:Dauvit I, King o Scots]] lyv59fh28an9rhtfd5ze680xul2iof4 0 232239 900809 2024-12-01T04:33:57Z That Northern Irish Historian 99470 Made page wi "The '''San Marino naitional fitba team''' ([[Italian leid|Italian]]: ''Nazionale di calcio di San Marino'') is the team that represents [[San Marino]] i internaitional [[fitba]]. San Marino haes ane o the warst naitional fitba teams i the world, ranked the lawest i the FIFA rankins as o 1 December 2024. {{Stub/FItba}}" 900809 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''San Marino naitional fitba team''' ([[Italian leid|Italian]]: ''Nazionale di calcio di San Marino'') is the team that represents [[San Marino]] i internaitional [[fitba]]. San Marino haes ane o the warst naitional fitba teams i the world, ranked the lawest i the FIFA rankins as o 1 December 2024. {{Stub/FItba}} ki3bm70tslu2w02sm72c0ab9b4k8ze9 900819 900809 2024-12-01T05:03:27Z That Northern Irish Historian 99470 addit maur 900819 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''San Marino naitional fitba team''' ([[Italian leid|Italian]]: ''Nazionale di calcio di San Marino'') is the team that represents [[San Marino]] i internaitional [[fitba]]. San Marino haes ane o the warst naitional fitba teams i the world, ranked the lawest i the FIFA rankins as o 1 December 2024. == History == Even thouch the San Marino Fitba Association wis foondit i 1931, a national team wisna established til 1986, follaein a representin San Marino playing against the Canada U-23 team unofficially. Sanmarinese fitbawers wur "Italian" internationally before this. === 2024–25 Nations League === On 5 September 2024, San Marino played against [[Liechtenstein naitional fitba team|Liechtenstein]] hame i the first roon o the [[2024–25 Nations League]]. I the 53t minute, [[Nicko Sensoli]] scored a the ainly o the match an led San Marino tae thair first competitive win i history. Follaein a loss an a draw tae baith [[Gibraltar naitional fitba team|Gibraltar]], San Marino wur placet seicont i the group o three. On 18 November 2024, San Marino played Liechenstein an aa, this tim i [[Vaduz]]. San Marino wur losin 1-0 efter a 40t minute [[Aron Sale]] goal. San Marino won 3-1.{{Stub/FItba}} 71sw3e99ek120xlwb505yn3c3kuc3c0 0 232240 900822 2024-12-01T05:18:46Z That Northern Irish Historian 99470 That Northern Irish Historian flittit page [[Whitrat]] til [[Auld-world whitrat]]: Neogale is caaed "whitrat" or "wheasal" an aa 900822 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Auld-world whitrat]] lbev4497jmbeeah7ep5hviyi4qh91zs