Collogue:Main Page

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This page haes been archived '''fower''' times.

# '''[[/Archive 1|First Edeetion]]'''
# '''[[/Archive 2|Seicont Edeetion]]'''
# '''[[/Archive 3|Third Edeetion]]'''
# '''[[/Archive 4|Fowert Edeetion]]'''

== Inglis ==

Wee is thar nae link tae the Inglis Wikipaedia on the Main Page? [[Uiser:Woshiyiweizhongguoren|Woshiyiweizhongguoren]] ([[Uiser collogue:Woshiyiweizhongguoren|tauk]]) 15:34, 9 Apryle 2019 (UTC)

Cause thare shoudna be ane. English is a deid leid, an naebody cares aboot it ony mair. Ye micht as well link tae the Latin ane.&lt;!-- Template:Unsigned IP --&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;autosigned&quot;&gt;—&amp;nbsp;Precedin [[Wikipedia:Seegnaturs|unsigned]] comment addit bi [[Special:Contributions/2001:bc8:4700:2300::11:c07|2001:bc8:4700:2300::11:c07]] ([[User talk:2001:bc8:4700:2300::11:c07#top|talk]]) 06:05, 10 Mey 2019‎ (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;!-- Template:Xign --&gt;

Acause Scots isna English.  [[Uiser:KevRobbSCO|KevRobbSCO]] ([[Uiser collogue:KevRobbSCO|tauk]]) 01:38, 20 Mairch 2020 (UTC)

== (En) New idea: Featurt uiser ==

It'd be nice to be able to highlight the contributions of our users for a change. Instead of doing &quot;On this day&quot; (which almost always is a redlink), we could do a featurt uiser and some articles they contributed to. Anyone have thoughts on this? &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 17:47, 22 November 2019 (UTC)

== (En) Removal ==

Should the &quot;On this day&quot; section be removed? According to [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?sort=create_timestamp_desc&amp;search=intitle%3A%2FOn+this+day%2F&amp;title=Special:Search&amp;profile=advanced&amp;fulltext=1&amp;advancedSearch-current=%7B%7D&amp;ns10=1 this], there really isn't anyone updating (creating) it often enough and the main page is broken because of this.
:In addition, the DYK section has not been created and it's near the end of January. [[Uiser:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[Uiser collogue:Minorax|tauk]]) 05:57, 27 Januar 2020 (UTC)
::{{re|Minorax}} I've long contemplated whether or not it's worth it to keep that section around. One of my long shot ideas was to replace it with a &quot;Featurt uiser&quot; section or something to celebrate our many contributors.&lt;br /&gt;What do you think we should replace it with? &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 05:53, 6 Februar 2020 (UTC)
:::{{re|MJL}} That really isn’t going to solve the issue as well. “Elections” has to be made to select the user monthly. [[Uiser:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[Uiser collogue:Minorax|tauk]]) 10:39, 6 Februar 2020 (UTC)
::::{{re|Minorax}} True, I suppose. Do you have any alternative ideas? I'm completely open to new and unique things. &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 15:42, 6 Februar 2020 (UTC)
:::::{{re|MJL}} The &quot;On this day&quot; section can be kept if someone is free enough to create templates for the remaining 261 days. 1 suggestion is that someone can translate them from en.wiki, taking from pages [[:en:January 1]], [[:en:January 2]], etc. The &quot;Featured picture&quot; section definitely needs to be taken out as consensus is needed to make an image into a featured one. Also, perhaps the DYK section can stretch across the entire page so it can have a larger image. [[Uiser:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[Uiser collogue:Minorax|tauk]]) 07:58, 7 Februar 2020 (UTC)
::::::{{re|Minorax}} Generally, consensus isn't really required in the traditional sense to promote things to the Main Page. What normally happens is an admin (or any other interested party) will just fill up the spot with whatever content they feel is high enough quality. If you wanted to promote a picture right now, you'd be welcomed to do that so long as it was justifiable in some form. &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 15:17, 10 Februar 2020 (UTC)
:::::::As for promoting an image on the main page, we do have thousands of featured pictures on Commons. They can be promoted to Featured images status here too. But we'll need captions in Scots of the images we are promoting. I don't think just posting is enough. We'll have to describe what the image is about in this wiki's language. [[Uiser:Masumrezarock100|Masumrezarock100]] ([[Uiser collogue:Masumrezarock100|tauk]]) 13:36, 11 Februar 2020 (UTC)
:::::::{{re|MJL}} as per above, &quot;copying&quot; images from commons is a good option but probably have a weekly featured images instead of a daily one. Yes, I have some images to promote right now, but my knowledge of Scots is probably a 0.1 [[Uiser:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[Uiser collogue:Minorax|tauk]]) 02:58, 12 Februar 2020 (UTC)

:::::::All Scottish speak and understand English. So we could make captions in English and they would understand them. But that would defeat the purpose of having a Scots Wikipedia.  [[Uiser:Masumrezarock100|Masumrezarock100]] ([[Uiser collogue:Masumrezarock100|tauk]]) 03:12, 12 Februar 2020 (UTC)
::::::::{{re|Minorax|Masumrezarock100}} The images are promoted for a month, and the captions aren't really an issue to translate. It just becomes a question of [[Special:Diff/740742|who wants to do it]]? &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 20:08, 13 Februar 2020 (UTC)
:::::::::{{re|MJL}} If you don't mind, I can pop by every month to create the FP for the following month. Just that I need help translating. [[Uiser:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[Uiser collogue:Minorax|tauk]]) 12:27, 15 Februar 2020 (UTC)
::::::::::{{re|Minorax}} Please feel free! :D &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 16:05, 15 Februar 2020 (UTC)

== (En) Auditing consultant nominations ==
I intend to use this section to list consulting pro-Scots Scots authorities here, and I ask others to as well.[https://www.reddit.com/r/Scotland/comments/iginnp/ima_an_admin_on_scots_wikipedia_ama/g2xn39b/?context=7] [[Uiser:James Salsman|James Salsman]] ([[Uiser collogue:James Salsman|tauk]]) 20:29, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

Has any actual Scot ever visited this site, apart from me right now? Is that meant to be Doric or just some weird imaginary version of modern written Scots, because I don't even see a correct word anywhere I look...  But yeah, needs consultants; I'm willing. [[Uiser:David A McIntee|David A McIntee]] ([[Uiser collogue:David A McIntee|tauk]]) 00:40, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
:{{re|David A McIntee}} I can confidently say that there are Scots who have visited this website, yes.&lt;br /&gt;Also, is [[w:en:David A McIntee|this]] you? &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 02:08, 28 August 2020 (UTC)

If you are fluent in Scots, please [https://www.scotslanguage.com/news/5724 join in the cleanup project.] They are a more reliable authority than I. [[Uiser:James Salsman|James Salsman]] ([[Uiser collogue:James Salsman|tauk]]) 15:48, 28 August 2020 (UTC)

== (En) Seriously? ==

What the hell is that racist wikipedia? Are Scots meant to be portrayed as drunken, blubbering retards unable to speak properly? Is it a troll wiki or something? {{unsigned|‎2a01:cb08:8c6d:1900:8b0:e686:7d71:72bf}}
: This wiki has gotten questions like this dozens of times, but *you're* incredibly special, since you waited until after news broke that basically all the content on this wiki was provided by one dumbass American teenager who didn't speak Scots. [[Special:Contributions/2601:243:C601:5960:1C9E:151D:3C65:D80B|2601:243:C601:5960:1C9E:151D:3C65:D80B]] ([[User talk:2601:243:C601:5960:1C9E:151D:3C65:D80B|talk]]) 00:10, 27 August 2020 (UTC)
: It's been discussed to death elsewhere. Adding another complaint here doesn't help anybody, but you could get spend the effort fixing some articles instead. [[Uiser:My hat stinks|my_hat_stinks]] ([[Uiser collogue:My hat stinks|tauk]]) 00:12, 27 August 2020 (UTC)
Moving the goalposts doesn't answer my question.&lt;!-- Template:Unsigned IP --&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;autosigned&quot;&gt;—&amp;nbsp;Precedin [[Wikipedia:Seegnaturs|unsigned]] comment addit bi [[Special:Contributions/2a01:cb08:8c6d:1900:8b0:e686:7d71:72bf|2a01:cb08:8c6d:1900:8b0:e686:7d71:72bf]] ([[User talk:2a01:cb08:8c6d:1900:8b0:e686:7d71:72bf#top|talk]]) 00:30, 27 August 2020‎ (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;!-- Template:Xign --&gt;
:The goal was not racism, or even parody or satire, as far as I can tell. Some youthful Wikipedians often see their total edit count as a measure of self-worth, because the community uses such measures to award themselves volunteer service award badges and similar kudos. Sometimes this leads to a limbic and endocrine system feedback loop wherein the editor in question can feel intrinsic rewards for simply making edits, even when they know those edits are inaccurate. Sometimes people will make one or two such edits in jest, and beginning editors will often do so as part of a breaching experiment to see whether the accuracy of the Encyclopedia is accurately maintained. This was not a breaching experiment. It went on for tens of thousands of edits, including deliberately fabricated grammar which the editor, who had sought and obtained sysop permissions, knew was being used by machine learning, language understanding, translation, and similar applications. Requests to help were treated politely but coldly for the most part, as far as I've been able to tell, without any express or implied interest in pro-Scots Scots authority development within the editor corps. The small wiki audit failed to catch this issue, in part because it appears that Scots speakers are too polite to have complained as loudly as when similar things have happened on other small wikis. 
:This is a great opportunity to correct the problem in a semi-automated fashion supported by the [https://www.scotslanguage.com/news/5724 more than 100 pro-Scots Scots speakers who have agreed to help so far.]
:To those, I say, welcome! [[Uiser:James Salsman|James Salsman]] ([[Uiser collogue:James Salsman|tauk]]) 15:36, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
::Maybe it wasn't intended to be racist, but to me, it comes off as such. If I could actually speak Scottish, I'd gladly help, but turns out I'd be more helpful on an encyclopedia ABOUT Scotland than in Scottish, so I'll refrain. I'll still be lurking this wiki from time to time, because I'm curious to check how Scottish differs from other Celtic languages, like Welsh. All the best! (And seriously, quality should beat quantity. There's something really wrong with the wikis, and I hope there aren't any other rotten apples). AND PLEASE FIX THE TOOLTIPS. -- [[Special:Contributions/2A01:CB08:8C6D:1900:D05F:98D5:3311:18A5|2A01:CB08:8C6D:1900:D05F:98D5:3311:18A5]] ([[User talk:2A01:CB08:8C6D:1900:D05F:98D5:3311:18A5|talk]]) 11:36, 27 Apryle 2021 (UTC)

== (En) WikiBlame status? ==

One tool which would help is [[en:Wikipedia:WikiBlame]], but I have no idea how to install it. If you are a software developer fluent in Scots, would you please look into the internationalization requirements of that tool? [[Uiser:James Salsman|James Salsman]] ([[Uiser collogue:James Salsman|tauk]]) 16:03, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
:I don't know what you mean by &quot;install&quot;. You can just go to [http://wikipedia.ramselehof.de/wikiblame.php?lang=sco WikiBlame], set the project to sco.wikipedia, and it will work. [[Uiser:PiRSquared17|PiRSquared17]] ([[Uiser collogue:PiRSquared17|tauk]]) 16:27, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
::Great! Thank you. I thought there was a Mediawiki PHP component and interface strings. If there is a [[WP:BACKLOG]] here yet we should include review of the MediaWiki interface strings. [[Uiser:James Salsman|James Salsman]] ([[Uiser collogue:James Salsman|tauk]]) 16:33, 28 August 2020 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:E Scots Leed Editathon August 2020]] Sunday and Monday, August 30-31 ==
(En) Reposting here and at the Commonty Yett to improve visibility. [[Uiser:James Salsman|James Salsman]] ([[Uiser collogue:James Salsman|tauk]]) 16:44, 28 August 2020 (UTC)

== Newsins ==

Many thanks to [[Uiser:Cobra 3000]] for updating the &quot;Newsins&quot; (for the first time since the last time that was done by AG on Apr 2, 2020!), although they're not able to do it permanently. Are any other native speakers of Scots willing to volunteer? Regards, [[Uiser:Sije|Sije]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sije|tauk]]) 18:24, 9 October 2020 (UTC)

== [En] Scots language on Telegram! ==

Since this week, Telegram has a new platform for translating its app to Scots language. There aren't translators yet, so please join to the platform and translate the Telegram app to Scots. It will be great for this language to be more present in technology. To begin translating Telegram to Scots, go to the Scots Platform Group through this link: https://t.me/translation_scots

== (En) Articles which may not be in Scots ==

Please accept my apologies if this is not the right place to post this. If it is not, please move this section to the correct page and leave a pointer here in its place.

I've recently performed an automated analysis of the ScoWiki articles, and I suggest that the following may not be in correct Scots. I understand that many are false positives because they contain properly included non-Scots, but I was not confident in my ability to remove those by hand. I would appreciate such help from native speakers.

# [[Tomorrowland]]
# [[São Gonçalo]]
# [[São José]]
# [[Bom Jesus]]
# [[Santo Antônio]]
# [[Gralloch]]
# [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]
# [[Campestre]]
# [[Antoine de Vignerot du Plessis, Duke o Richelieu]]
# [[São João]]
# [[Such a Parcel of Rogues in a Nation]]
# [[Bela Vista]]
# [[Aprile]]
# [[Béatrix de Choiseul]]
# [[Modrenism]]
# [[Nine-bawl]]
# [[Friedrich August I o Saxony]]
# [[Paykan]]
# [[Santana]]
# [[Hortense Félicité de Mailly]]
# [[Plurality votin seestem]]
# [[São Luís]]
# [[Magnox Ltd]]
# [[European colonisation o the Americas]]
# [[Carmo]]
# [[São Sebastião]]
# [[Pocahontas (1995 film)]]
# [[Valkyrie]]
# [[Kabul Province]]
# [[Cam Ye O'er Frae France]]
# [[In My Defens God Me Defend]]
# [[São Miguel]]
# [[Dexter and Friends (1996's tv series)]]
# [[Jethart]]
# [[São Domingos]]
# [[Wappen o mass destruction]]
# [[Jatt]]
# [[Gloria Swanson]]
# [[Neil Armstrong]]
# [[Timothy McCarthy]]
# [[Hayes F.C.]]
# [[Smear Campaign (album)]]
# [[Sooth Hamgyong Province]]
# [[Jeju Province]]
# [[São Sebastião do Caí]]
# [[Susan Hayward]]
# [[Fine structur]]
# [[Airmed Forces o Haiti]]
# [[Toluene]]
# [[Tercera División de México]]
# [[Esslingen (destrict)]]
# [[Twin Ring Motegi]]
# [[Scotland the Brave]]
# [[Breitbart News]]
# [[Jerry Springer]]
# [[Friedrich I o Württemberg]]
# [[Anarchist communism]]
# [[Airmed Forces o the Dominican Republic]]
# [[St. Dubtach]]
# [[Hunt the gowk]]
# [[Paul Harvey]]
# [[EGP-6]]
# [[Banteng]]
# [[God Save the Queen]]
# [[Beihai]]
# [[Djemna]]
# [[Upper Sorbian leid]]
# [[RBMK]]
# [[British Energy]]
# [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]
# [[Thales]]
# [[Waldshut (destrict)]]
# [[Numerical integration]]
# [[Bobby Sands]]
# [[Montigny-le-Bretonneux]]
# [[Boys o the Auld Brigade]]
# [[Mon leid]]
# [[Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier, Baron o Breteuil]]
# [[Anseba Region]]
# [[Hazaras]]
# [[Marsh frog]]
# [[São Félix]]
# [[Austin-Healey 3000]]
# [[Lishán Didán]]
# [[Vandals]]
# [[Moorside Nuclear Pouer Station]]
# [[Twitch]]
# [[Linkin Park]]
# [[Hankavan]]
# [[Leet o municipalities in Rio Grande do Norte]]
# [[Charlotte Louise de Rohan]]
# [[Heid]]
# [[Kidnappin]]
# [[Mazurek Dąbrowskiego]]
# [[Breed to Breathe]]
# [[The Osterman Weekend]]
# [[Diesel ingine]]
# [[Peter Moore (travel author)]]
# [[Leet o Arab banners]]
# [[São Pedro]]
# [[São Francisco]]
# [[Radar]]
# [[Wylfa Nuclear Pouer Station]]
# [[Arkansas River]]
# [[Sunchang]]
# [[Sizewell C nuclear pouer station]]
# [[Naitional Socialist black metal]]
# [[Sarah McLeod]]
# [[Opeth]]
# [[Hoose o Bonaparte]]
# [[Maekel Region]]
# [[Santa Maria do Cambucá]]
# [[The Ajna Offensive]]
# [[Airchduchess Maria Beatrice o Austrick-Este]]
# [[Anna Vissi]]
# [[Hohenzollern Locomotive Works]]
# [[Sarandi]]
# [[SpongeBob SquarePants]]
# [[São Pedro do Butiá]]
# [[2019 Indie general election]]
# [[Prince Emanuele Filiberto o Savoy, Prince o Venice]]
# [[Save Our Souls]]
# [[Hopelchén]]
# [[Dulce Pontes]]
# [[Province o Salamanca]]
# [[Mary Tyler Moore]]
# [[Chagang Province]]
# [[Prince Anton Ulrich o Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
# [[Daewoo Tico]]
# [[Mercury Meteor]]
# [[Charles d'Albert, Duke o Luynes]]
# [[Sutyagin Hoose]]
# [[Longport, Staffordshire]]
# [[Castelo]]
# [[Bootlegged in Japan]]
# [[30 Seconds to Mars]]
# [[Address to the Haggis]]
# [[Philippe de Courcillon, Marquis o Dangeau]]
# [[Borjomi]]
# [[Taxi Driver]]
# [[Aka-Bo leid]]
# [[Kronstadt]]
# [[Cinderella (1950 film)]]
# [[Tuna]]
# [[Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke o Tuscany]]
# [[Comarques o Catalonie]]
# [[Ulpia Severina]]
# [[Aquifer]]
# [[Santa Fé do Sul]]
# [[Muhammad Iqbal]]
# [[Hôtel de Montbazon]]
# [[North Gyeongsang Province]]
# [[Olgivdam Jaspdai]]
# [[Peugeot 3008]]
# [[Pretender]]
# [[Kristinehamn Municipality]]
# [[Mascara Province]]
# [[Philippe Jules Mancini, Duke o Nevers]]
# [[Balaton (caur)]]
# [[Solar radius]]
# [[Ciénega de Flores]]
# [[Dana Loesch]]
# [[Marie Émilie de Joly]]
# [[Gangwon Province (Sooth Korea)]]
# [[Santa Rita]]
# [[London Borough of Camden]]
# [[Telangana]]
# [[Rua do Cunha]]
# [[Morro]]
# [[Rob Zombie]]
# [[São Bernardo do Campo]]
# [[Robbie Keane]]
# [[Steen Thychosen]]
# [[Alison Weir]]
# [[Santa Luzia]]
# [[Greer Garson]]
# [[Dungeness Nuclear Pouer Station]]
# [[Philippe de Bourbon, Duke o Vendôme]]
# [[Young Dolph]]
# [[César Chávez]]
# [[Guy Paul Jules de La Porte, Duke o La Meilleraye]]
# [[Odin]]
# [[Madame de Parabère]]
# [[Greenock Central railwey station]]
# [[Confine]]
# [[The Kerry Recruit]]
# [[Beja Destrict]]
# [[Warld Puil Association]]
# [[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)]]
# [[Beuk o Ezekiel]]
# [[Omer Šipraga]]
# [[Mato Grosso do Sul]]
# [[The Corbie]]
# [[U.D.O.]]
# [[August, Duke o Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]
# [[Hoose o Grimaldi]]
# [[Eleonora di Toledo]]
# [[William Jay Smith]]
# [[Verbenaceae]]
# [[Villa Fiorito]]
# [[Steve Davis]]
# [[2000 UEFA Cup Final riots]]
# [[Christmas Island]]
# [[Ibicuí River]]
# [[Semanteec chynge]]
# [[North Pyongan Province]]
# [[Sooth Jeolla Province]]
# [[Rafael Pereira da Silva (fitbawer, born 1980)]]
# [[Globular cluster]]
# [[São Lourenço]]
# [[Amalie o Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]]
# [[Maikon Leite]]
# [[Heritage railwey]]
# [[San Nicolas, Manila]]
# [[Joseph, Duke o Parma]]
# [[Provinces o Mongolie]]
# [[Aust-Agder]]
# [[Ben Bhraggie]]
# [[Princess Marie o Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1808–1877)]]
# [[Margaret Osborne duPont]]
# [[Ray Reardon]]
# [[Banner o Burundi]]
# [[Rosa Parks]]
# [[Pape Paul VI]]
# [[North Chungcheong Province]]
# [[Muisicker]]
# [[Michael Jordan]]
# [[Portuguese Brazilians]]
# [[Electric pouer]]
# [[The Heart of Everything]]
# [[Tierra Blanca, Veracruz]]
# [[Hedy Lamarr]]
# [[Autolatina]]
# [[Coonties o Albanie]]
# [[Soriano Calabro]]
# [[James Prescott Joule]]
# [[Al Jawl]]
# [[The Darkness (baund)]]
# [[George R. R. Martin]]
# [[Montese]]
# [[Groningen (disambiguation)]]
# [[Iron Maiden]]
# [[Georges Lemaître]]
# [[Louis Joseph, Dauphin o Fraunce]]
# [[Tuba]]
# [[Lilium]]
# [[Yazz]]
# [[Santa Maria do Salto]]
# [[Hoose o Fitz-James]]
# [[Bernard Cribbins]]

I can create a larger list if this one is useful. Please let me know by replying. [[Special:Contributions/107.242.121.49|107.242.121.49]] ([[User talk:107.242.121.49|talk]]) 14:42, 31 Julie 2021 (UTC)

== (En) How to tag scotched English? ==

I wanted to ask this on [[Wikipedia:Help desk]] but it's protected. What is the right way to tag articles such as [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semanteec_chynge&amp;oldid=693826]? [[Special:Contributions/71.204.166.188|71.204.166.188]] ([[User talk:71.204.166.188|talk]]) 16:27, 16 October 2021 (UTC)

:Use {{t|Fix Scots}} [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 16:47, 16 October 2021 (UTC)

== (En) Google Translate announces support for Sanskrit, used by about 20,000 people, but not Scots ==

https://blog.google/products/translate/24-new-languages/

It would be great to have a NLP database of actual Scots some day. Any idea when the corrupted articles will ever be deleted or moved to a segregated namespace? [[Special:Contributions/2600:387:F:5737:0:0:0:6|2600:387:F:5737:0:0:0:6]] ([[User talk:2600:387:F:5737:0:0:0:6|talk]]) 17:14, 12 Mey 2022 (UTC)
:Never aye, maist likesome. It be over, lad.--[[Uiser:Sigehelmus|Sigehelmus]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sigehelmus|tauk]]) 22:22, 12 Juin 2022 (UTC)

Same with [https://research.facebook.com/file/585831413174038/No-Language-Left-Behind--Scaling-Human-Centered-Machine-Translation.pdf Facebook Research: 200 new languages, some tiny, but no Scots.] [[Special:Contributions/71.204.166.188|71.204.166.188]] ([[User talk:71.204.166.188|talk]]) 22:57, 10 Julie 2022 (UTC)

== Request articles for deletion? ==
Any method of requesting articles to be deleted for this edition? An example would be this [[Storm (Malagasy baund)|article on an obscure Malagasy metal band from the 2000s]]. There's no value here and I doubt there are many Scottish people who are into Malagasy metal bands, much less Malagasy music in general. It's almost certainly written in bogus Scots. It would be a great way to get this Wiki back up to speed and clear the absolutely irrelevant crap like this. [[Uiser:ManhattanChase|ManhattanChase]] ([[Uiser collogue:ManhattanChase|tauk]]) 23:01, 2 September 2022 (UTC)

:[[Uiser:ManhattanChase|ManhattanChase]], ye can tag for deletion a page by adding '''{{tl|delete}}''' tae the tap. See an aw [[Wikipedia:Votes for deletion]]. [[Uiser:Sije|Sije]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sije|tauk]]) 21:05, 8 September 2022 (UTC)

== (En) So much inconsistency in spelling.  ==

I think it's important that this wiki come to agreement on the correct way to spell in Scots. There is so much variation in how to write simple words, something that's confusing and may present an image to outsiders of it being a fake language. 

Examples: 

the vs. 'E vs. tha

leid vs leed

-y vs -ie

There are many other examples too.  [[Uiser:NorfolkIsland123|NorfolkIsland123]] ([[Uiser collogue:NorfolkIsland123|tauk]]) 00:10, 14 Januar 2023 (UTC)
:Is it color or colour? Theorise or theorize?  Oestrogen or estrogen?  Wow, English must be a fake language with all this inconsistency [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 10:15, 14 Januar 2023 (UTC)
:(en) {{ping|NorfolkIsland123}} What you are suggesting here is dialect suppression, and I'm not going to abide the idea that certain dialects of Scots should be driven off the wiki, especially when you're going to call the language fake for having dialects [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 14:41, 14 Januar 2023 (UTC)
::I'm not saying that. I'm not suggesting dialect suppression. All languages, such as Italian, Spanish, German, Mandarin, etc. have many dialects. But they all also have a standardized form of their language. I think it would be most helpful if this wiki was in a standardized Scots.  [[Uiser:NorfolkIsland123|NorfolkIsland123]] ([[Uiser collogue:NorfolkIsland123|tauk]]) 15:10, 16 Januar 2023 (UTC)
::No editor on this wiki would call Scots a fake language. It's not. What NorfolkIsland is simply suggesting is that we create some kind of standard for Scots, so we can make translating articles easier. Additionally, there should be some kind of database so that Scots speakers can see how they should translate/write out Scots.
::For example, although I am able to speak Scots, I am from the borders. Therefore, the Scots I know is very different from say, Glaswegian Scots or Highland Scots. A standardized Scots would help make it easier for us to translate, as well as assist in combatting the misconception that Scots is a fake language.
::Without this, there is little that identifies the difference between Scots as a dialect/accent, and Scots as a language. [[Uiser:RazorPantherz|RazorPantherz]] ([[Uiser collogue:RazorPantherz|tauk]]) 11:35, 18 Apryle 2024 (UTC)

== (Scotched En) State of Scots machine translation ==

Here's what happens when you ask ChatGPT-4, which is trained on scowiki dumps including the remaining intermingled Scotched English, to translate English to Scots:

:''Can we hae a blether aboot sortin' oot a clean release o' the Scots Wikipaedia dumps? It's been a guid few year syne the hale stooshie wi' the Scots Wikipaedia (https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/aug/26/shock-an-aw-us-teenager-wrote-huge-slice-of-scots-wikipedia), an' though the scowiki folk hae marked maist o' the articles wi' mangled &quot;Scotched English,&quot; they're still sittin' there, muddlin' things up. Nae other wey has been found tae help wi' machine translation an' siclike, leavin' Scots - spoken by a quarter million souls - in the lurch, the maist ignored leid by the big translation firms by a fair mile. Google Translate, Meta, Microsoft an' aw that support languages wi' fewer thun 20,000 speakers, but nae Scots.''

:''The scowiki heid yins dinnae seem tae fash themselves wi' sortin' oot this mess, save for slappin' on article tags. An' them that care for the Scots leid hae gien up on their Wikipaedia, thinkin' it's a goner. So, could the Foundation maybe tak a hand an' whip up an alternative scowiki dump? Y'know, ane that leaves oot aw the articles wi' a tag for bein' Scotched, for the sake o' machine translation an' NLP communities? Richt noo, there's 2,473 articles in need o' bein' set aside (https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_that_wis_written_by_a_body_that_haesna_a_guid_grip_on_the_leid) oot o' the 35,199 in scowiki mainspace.''

:''I'm reckonin' this isnae muckle work tae slot intae the dumps generation process, but it's ootwith ma ken tae dae masel, or tae pit it richt on Phabricator. No that it's a matter o' life an' death, mind, since maist Scots speakers ken their English, but for the sake o' keepin' oor leid fae fadin' away, it's the decent thing tae dae.''

Here's the original for reference:

:Is it feasible to create a non-Scotched release of the Scots Wikipedia dumps? It's been three years since the Scots Wikipedia scandal (https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/aug/26/shock-an-aw-us-teenager-wrote-huge-slice-of-scots-wikipedia), and while the scowiki community has tagged almost all of the offending &quot;Scotched English&quot; articles, they have never been moved to an alternate namespace; nor has any other solution for machine translation and other dump-downstream NLP users yet been implemented, leaving Scots with 250,000 native speakers as the most widely languge not supported by any of the big machine translation provoders by a huge margin. I.e., Google Translate, Meta, and Microsoft all support automatic translation of at least a handful of languages spoken by 20,000 or fewer people, but not Scots.

:As the scowiki admins have shown no interest in segregating the corruption other than by ambox template article tags, and Scots language preservationists have apparently washed their hands of their Wikipedia as a lost cause, can the Foundation please step in and sinply produce an alternate scowiki dump without any of the articles taged as Scotched, for the benefit of the machine translation and NLP communities? Currently there are 2,473 articles needing segregation (in https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_that_wis_written_by_a_body_that_haesna_a_guid_grip_on_the_leid) out of 35,199 total in scowiki mainspace.

:I am sure that this amounts to no more than a few hours of work to fully implement within the dumps generation process, but I'm not familiar enough to do it myself, or with Phabricator to properly file the request. And while there is no life-or-death urgency to do this, as essentially every Scots speaker can speak English, it is absolutely the right thing for linguistic preservation to help prevent the loss of another endangered language.

Maybe in the future AI will make new languages for us. [[Special:Contributions/2601:647:5701:39B0:80E1:16A2:3865:8937|2601:647:5701:39B0:80E1:16A2:3865:8937]] ([[User talk:2601:647:5701:39B0:80E1:16A2:3865:8937|talk]]) 00:12, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
:James, let me make myself clear: WE ARE NOT MOVING THE ARTICLES! Shoving them into some shitty other corner is not the solution, so stop harping on about it [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 01:14, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
::💀 [[Special:Contributions/38.43.32.16|38.43.32.16]] ([[User talk:38.43.32.16|talk]]) 21:42, 30 December 2024 (UTC)

== (En) List of bad and good Scots articles? ==

Does anybody have a list of articles in good and bad scots?

I want to see examples so I know what not to do when translating.

Cheers!  [[Uiser:RazorPantherz|RazorPantherz]] ([[Uiser collogue:RazorPantherz|tauk]]) 19:25, 20 Apryle 2024 (UTC)

== Wiki closure proposal on Meta (EN) (CLOSED) ==

https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Scots_Wikipedia_2 [[Uiser:Dronebogus|Dronebogus]] ([[Uiser collogue:Dronebogus|tauk]]) 21:03, 24 Mey 2024 (UTC)

== Top banner ==

Why is december written like that in tha top banner? I've nae seen that spelling onywhere, no in tha DSL or tha Wikipaedia for that matter. [[Uiser:RazorPantherz|RazorPantherz]] ([[Uiser collogue:RazorPantherz|tauk]]) 19:16, 3 December 2024 (UTC)
:https://www.scottishcorpus.ac.uk/document/?documentid=1374&amp;highlight=dizember [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:30, 3 December 2024 (UTC)
::Is this not jist ane occurence o this? Wouldn't we uise tha type that occurs mair? That seems to be whit we've been daein', as far as I ken. [[Uiser:RazorPantherz|RazorPantherz]] ([[Uiser collogue:RazorPantherz|tauk]]) 20:05, 3 December 2024 (UTC)
:::I jist copied the dates aat {{ping|Cobra 3000}} uised fur the page.  Banner's been taen doon noo onywyes sae there's nae really ony issue [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 20:49, 3 December 2024 (UTC)
:A'v seen that spellin on the Wiki afore an it represents hou a hear it in real life perfeck, so a went wi it.
:-[[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 11:56, 5 December 2024 (UTC)
::Aye that's completely fair, jist thocht whan I saw it first it wisna richt or wis someane making it up, thats a. [[Uiser:RazorPantherz|RazorPantherz]] ([[Uiser collogue:RazorPantherz|tauk]]) 12:10, 5 December 2024 (UTC)

== Retire OTD ==

{{Template:rfc}}

A'm proponin aat we retire the &quot;On This Day&quot; section o the main page.  Maist o the templates dinna exist an niver will an mony o thaim is fu ae reid airtins, acause thay wis makit bi fowk tryin ti copy enwiki athoot considerin the difference atween enwiki an scowiki. It's ae relic aat we'r really nae able ti deal wi an dinna need [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 15:12, 13 December 2024 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>8u3wyp4jia3ockc1odtc2tj0xemogx9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>901584</id>
      <parentid>901583</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-12-30T21:49:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Revertit edit o 38.43.32.16, chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane</comment>
      <origin>901109</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31588" sha1="1at2qslxo3eslkae3l7lk4d3kyk701j" xml:space="preserve">{{talkpage}}

This page haes been archived '''fower''' times.

# '''[[/Archive 1|First Edeetion]]'''
# '''[[/Archive 2|Seicont Edeetion]]'''
# '''[[/Archive 3|Third Edeetion]]'''
# '''[[/Archive 4|Fowert Edeetion]]'''

== Inglis ==

Wee is thar nae link tae the Inglis Wikipaedia on the Main Page? [[Uiser:Woshiyiweizhongguoren|Woshiyiweizhongguoren]] ([[Uiser collogue:Woshiyiweizhongguoren|tauk]]) 15:34, 9 Apryle 2019 (UTC)

Cause thare shoudna be ane. English is a deid leid, an naebody cares aboot it ony mair. Ye micht as well link tae the Latin ane.&lt;!-- Template:Unsigned IP --&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;autosigned&quot;&gt;—&amp;nbsp;Precedin [[Wikipedia:Seegnaturs|unsigned]] comment addit bi [[Special:Contributions/2001:bc8:4700:2300::11:c07|2001:bc8:4700:2300::11:c07]] ([[User talk:2001:bc8:4700:2300::11:c07#top|talk]]) 06:05, 10 Mey 2019‎ (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;!-- Template:Xign --&gt;

Acause Scots isna English.  [[Uiser:KevRobbSCO|KevRobbSCO]] ([[Uiser collogue:KevRobbSCO|tauk]]) 01:38, 20 Mairch 2020 (UTC)

== (En) New idea: Featurt uiser ==

It'd be nice to be able to highlight the contributions of our users for a change. Instead of doing &quot;On this day&quot; (which almost always is a redlink), we could do a featurt uiser and some articles they contributed to. Anyone have thoughts on this? &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 17:47, 22 November 2019 (UTC)

== (En) Removal ==

Should the &quot;On this day&quot; section be removed? According to [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?sort=create_timestamp_desc&amp;search=intitle%3A%2FOn+this+day%2F&amp;title=Special:Search&amp;profile=advanced&amp;fulltext=1&amp;advancedSearch-current=%7B%7D&amp;ns10=1 this], there really isn't anyone updating (creating) it often enough and the main page is broken because of this.
:In addition, the DYK section has not been created and it's near the end of January. [[Uiser:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[Uiser collogue:Minorax|tauk]]) 05:57, 27 Januar 2020 (UTC)
::{{re|Minorax}} I've long contemplated whether or not it's worth it to keep that section around. One of my long shot ideas was to replace it with a &quot;Featurt uiser&quot; section or something to celebrate our many contributors.&lt;br /&gt;What do you think we should replace it with? &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 05:53, 6 Februar 2020 (UTC)
:::{{re|MJL}} That really isn’t going to solve the issue as well. “Elections” has to be made to select the user monthly. [[Uiser:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[Uiser collogue:Minorax|tauk]]) 10:39, 6 Februar 2020 (UTC)
::::{{re|Minorax}} True, I suppose. Do you have any alternative ideas? I'm completely open to new and unique things. &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 15:42, 6 Februar 2020 (UTC)
:::::{{re|MJL}} The &quot;On this day&quot; section can be kept if someone is free enough to create templates for the remaining 261 days. 1 suggestion is that someone can translate them from en.wiki, taking from pages [[:en:January 1]], [[:en:January 2]], etc. The &quot;Featured picture&quot; section definitely needs to be taken out as consensus is needed to make an image into a featured one. Also, perhaps the DYK section can stretch across the entire page so it can have a larger image. [[Uiser:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[Uiser collogue:Minorax|tauk]]) 07:58, 7 Februar 2020 (UTC)
::::::{{re|Minorax}} Generally, consensus isn't really required in the traditional sense to promote things to the Main Page. What normally happens is an admin (or any other interested party) will just fill up the spot with whatever content they feel is high enough quality. If you wanted to promote a picture right now, you'd be welcomed to do that so long as it was justifiable in some form. &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 15:17, 10 Februar 2020 (UTC)
:::::::As for promoting an image on the main page, we do have thousands of featured pictures on Commons. They can be promoted to Featured images status here too. But we'll need captions in Scots of the images we are promoting. I don't think just posting is enough. We'll have to describe what the image is about in this wiki's language. [[Uiser:Masumrezarock100|Masumrezarock100]] ([[Uiser collogue:Masumrezarock100|tauk]]) 13:36, 11 Februar 2020 (UTC)
:::::::{{re|MJL}} as per above, &quot;copying&quot; images from commons is a good option but probably have a weekly featured images instead of a daily one. Yes, I have some images to promote right now, but my knowledge of Scots is probably a 0.1 [[Uiser:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[Uiser collogue:Minorax|tauk]]) 02:58, 12 Februar 2020 (UTC)

:::::::All Scottish speak and understand English. So we could make captions in English and they would understand them. But that would defeat the purpose of having a Scots Wikipedia.  [[Uiser:Masumrezarock100|Masumrezarock100]] ([[Uiser collogue:Masumrezarock100|tauk]]) 03:12, 12 Februar 2020 (UTC)
::::::::{{re|Minorax|Masumrezarock100}} The images are promoted for a month, and the captions aren't really an issue to translate. It just becomes a question of [[Special:Diff/740742|who wants to do it]]? &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 20:08, 13 Februar 2020 (UTC)
:::::::::{{re|MJL}} If you don't mind, I can pop by every month to create the FP for the following month. Just that I need help translating. [[Uiser:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[Uiser collogue:Minorax|tauk]]) 12:27, 15 Februar 2020 (UTC)
::::::::::{{re|Minorax}} Please feel free! :D &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 16:05, 15 Februar 2020 (UTC)

== (En) Auditing consultant nominations ==
I intend to use this section to list consulting pro-Scots Scots authorities here, and I ask others to as well.[https://www.reddit.com/r/Scotland/comments/iginnp/ima_an_admin_on_scots_wikipedia_ama/g2xn39b/?context=7] [[Uiser:James Salsman|James Salsman]] ([[Uiser collogue:James Salsman|tauk]]) 20:29, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

Has any actual Scot ever visited this site, apart from me right now? Is that meant to be Doric or just some weird imaginary version of modern written Scots, because I don't even see a correct word anywhere I look...  But yeah, needs consultants; I'm willing. [[Uiser:David A McIntee|David A McIntee]] ([[Uiser collogue:David A McIntee|tauk]]) 00:40, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
:{{re|David A McIntee}} I can confidently say that there are Scots who have visited this website, yes.&lt;br /&gt;Also, is [[w:en:David A McIntee|this]] you? &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 02:08, 28 August 2020 (UTC)

If you are fluent in Scots, please [https://www.scotslanguage.com/news/5724 join in the cleanup project.] They are a more reliable authority than I. [[Uiser:James Salsman|James Salsman]] ([[Uiser collogue:James Salsman|tauk]]) 15:48, 28 August 2020 (UTC)

== (En) Seriously? ==

What the hell is that racist wikipedia? Are Scots meant to be portrayed as drunken, blubbering retards unable to speak properly? Is it a troll wiki or something? {{unsigned|‎2a01:cb08:8c6d:1900:8b0:e686:7d71:72bf}}
: This wiki has gotten questions like this dozens of times, but *you're* incredibly special, since you waited until after news broke that basically all the content on this wiki was provided by one dumbass American teenager who didn't speak Scots. [[Special:Contributions/2601:243:C601:5960:1C9E:151D:3C65:D80B|2601:243:C601:5960:1C9E:151D:3C65:D80B]] ([[User talk:2601:243:C601:5960:1C9E:151D:3C65:D80B|talk]]) 00:10, 27 August 2020 (UTC)
: It's been discussed to death elsewhere. Adding another complaint here doesn't help anybody, but you could get spend the effort fixing some articles instead. [[Uiser:My hat stinks|my_hat_stinks]] ([[Uiser collogue:My hat stinks|tauk]]) 00:12, 27 August 2020 (UTC)
Moving the goalposts doesn't answer my question.&lt;!-- Template:Unsigned IP --&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;autosigned&quot;&gt;—&amp;nbsp;Precedin [[Wikipedia:Seegnaturs|unsigned]] comment addit bi [[Special:Contributions/2a01:cb08:8c6d:1900:8b0:e686:7d71:72bf|2a01:cb08:8c6d:1900:8b0:e686:7d71:72bf]] ([[User talk:2a01:cb08:8c6d:1900:8b0:e686:7d71:72bf#top|talk]]) 00:30, 27 August 2020‎ (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;!-- Template:Xign --&gt;
:The goal was not racism, or even parody or satire, as far as I can tell. Some youthful Wikipedians often see their total edit count as a measure of self-worth, because the community uses such measures to award themselves volunteer service award badges and similar kudos. Sometimes this leads to a limbic and endocrine system feedback loop wherein the editor in question can feel intrinsic rewards for simply making edits, even when they know those edits are inaccurate. Sometimes people will make one or two such edits in jest, and beginning editors will often do so as part of a breaching experiment to see whether the accuracy of the Encyclopedia is accurately maintained. This was not a breaching experiment. It went on for tens of thousands of edits, including deliberately fabricated grammar which the editor, who had sought and obtained sysop permissions, knew was being used by machine learning, language understanding, translation, and similar applications. Requests to help were treated politely but coldly for the most part, as far as I've been able to tell, without any express or implied interest in pro-Scots Scots authority development within the editor corps. The small wiki audit failed to catch this issue, in part because it appears that Scots speakers are too polite to have complained as loudly as when similar things have happened on other small wikis. 
:This is a great opportunity to correct the problem in a semi-automated fashion supported by the [https://www.scotslanguage.com/news/5724 more than 100 pro-Scots Scots speakers who have agreed to help so far.]
:To those, I say, welcome! [[Uiser:James Salsman|James Salsman]] ([[Uiser collogue:James Salsman|tauk]]) 15:36, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
::Maybe it wasn't intended to be racist, but to me, it comes off as such. If I could actually speak Scottish, I'd gladly help, but turns out I'd be more helpful on an encyclopedia ABOUT Scotland than in Scottish, so I'll refrain. I'll still be lurking this wiki from time to time, because I'm curious to check how Scottish differs from other Celtic languages, like Welsh. All the best! (And seriously, quality should beat quantity. There's something really wrong with the wikis, and I hope there aren't any other rotten apples). AND PLEASE FIX THE TOOLTIPS. -- [[Special:Contributions/2A01:CB08:8C6D:1900:D05F:98D5:3311:18A5|2A01:CB08:8C6D:1900:D05F:98D5:3311:18A5]] ([[User talk:2A01:CB08:8C6D:1900:D05F:98D5:3311:18A5|talk]]) 11:36, 27 Apryle 2021 (UTC)

== (En) WikiBlame status? ==

One tool which would help is [[en:Wikipedia:WikiBlame]], but I have no idea how to install it. If you are a software developer fluent in Scots, would you please look into the internationalization requirements of that tool? [[Uiser:James Salsman|James Salsman]] ([[Uiser collogue:James Salsman|tauk]]) 16:03, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
:I don't know what you mean by &quot;install&quot;. You can just go to [http://wikipedia.ramselehof.de/wikiblame.php?lang=sco WikiBlame], set the project to sco.wikipedia, and it will work. [[Uiser:PiRSquared17|PiRSquared17]] ([[Uiser collogue:PiRSquared17|tauk]]) 16:27, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
::Great! Thank you. I thought there was a Mediawiki PHP component and interface strings. If there is a [[WP:BACKLOG]] here yet we should include review of the MediaWiki interface strings. [[Uiser:James Salsman|James Salsman]] ([[Uiser collogue:James Salsman|tauk]]) 16:33, 28 August 2020 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:E Scots Leed Editathon August 2020]] Sunday and Monday, August 30-31 ==
(En) Reposting here and at the Commonty Yett to improve visibility. [[Uiser:James Salsman|James Salsman]] ([[Uiser collogue:James Salsman|tauk]]) 16:44, 28 August 2020 (UTC)

== Newsins ==

Many thanks to [[Uiser:Cobra 3000]] for updating the &quot;Newsins&quot; (for the first time since the last time that was done by AG on Apr 2, 2020!), although they're not able to do it permanently. Are any other native speakers of Scots willing to volunteer? Regards, [[Uiser:Sije|Sije]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sije|tauk]]) 18:24, 9 October 2020 (UTC)

== [En] Scots language on Telegram! ==

Since this week, Telegram has a new platform for translating its app to Scots language. There aren't translators yet, so please join to the platform and translate the Telegram app to Scots. It will be great for this language to be more present in technology. To begin translating Telegram to Scots, go to the Scots Platform Group through this link: https://t.me/translation_scots

== (En) Articles which may not be in Scots ==

Please accept my apologies if this is not the right place to post this. If it is not, please move this section to the correct page and leave a pointer here in its place.

I've recently performed an automated analysis of the ScoWiki articles, and I suggest that the following may not be in correct Scots. I understand that many are false positives because they contain properly included non-Scots, but I was not confident in my ability to remove those by hand. I would appreciate such help from native speakers.

# [[Tomorrowland]]
# [[São Gonçalo]]
# [[São José]]
# [[Bom Jesus]]
# [[Santo Antônio]]
# [[Gralloch]]
# [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]
# [[Campestre]]
# [[Antoine de Vignerot du Plessis, Duke o Richelieu]]
# [[São João]]
# [[Such a Parcel of Rogues in a Nation]]
# [[Bela Vista]]
# [[Aprile]]
# [[Béatrix de Choiseul]]
# [[Modrenism]]
# [[Nine-bawl]]
# [[Friedrich August I o Saxony]]
# [[Paykan]]
# [[Santana]]
# [[Hortense Félicité de Mailly]]
# [[Plurality votin seestem]]
# [[São Luís]]
# [[Magnox Ltd]]
# [[European colonisation o the Americas]]
# [[Carmo]]
# [[São Sebastião]]
# [[Pocahontas (1995 film)]]
# [[Valkyrie]]
# [[Kabul Province]]
# [[Cam Ye O'er Frae France]]
# [[In My Defens God Me Defend]]
# [[São Miguel]]
# [[Dexter and Friends (1996's tv series)]]
# [[Jethart]]
# [[São Domingos]]
# [[Wappen o mass destruction]]
# [[Jatt]]
# [[Gloria Swanson]]
# [[Neil Armstrong]]
# [[Timothy McCarthy]]
# [[Hayes F.C.]]
# [[Smear Campaign (album)]]
# [[Sooth Hamgyong Province]]
# [[Jeju Province]]
# [[São Sebastião do Caí]]
# [[Susan Hayward]]
# [[Fine structur]]
# [[Airmed Forces o Haiti]]
# [[Toluene]]
# [[Tercera División de México]]
# [[Esslingen (destrict)]]
# [[Twin Ring Motegi]]
# [[Scotland the Brave]]
# [[Breitbart News]]
# [[Jerry Springer]]
# [[Friedrich I o Württemberg]]
# [[Anarchist communism]]
# [[Airmed Forces o the Dominican Republic]]
# [[St. Dubtach]]
# [[Hunt the gowk]]
# [[Paul Harvey]]
# [[EGP-6]]
# [[Banteng]]
# [[God Save the Queen]]
# [[Beihai]]
# [[Djemna]]
# [[Upper Sorbian leid]]
# [[RBMK]]
# [[British Energy]]
# [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]
# [[Thales]]
# [[Waldshut (destrict)]]
# [[Numerical integration]]
# [[Bobby Sands]]
# [[Montigny-le-Bretonneux]]
# [[Boys o the Auld Brigade]]
# [[Mon leid]]
# [[Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier, Baron o Breteuil]]
# [[Anseba Region]]
# [[Hazaras]]
# [[Marsh frog]]
# [[São Félix]]
# [[Austin-Healey 3000]]
# [[Lishán Didán]]
# [[Vandals]]
# [[Moorside Nuclear Pouer Station]]
# [[Twitch]]
# [[Linkin Park]]
# [[Hankavan]]
# [[Leet o municipalities in Rio Grande do Norte]]
# [[Charlotte Louise de Rohan]]
# [[Heid]]
# [[Kidnappin]]
# [[Mazurek Dąbrowskiego]]
# [[Breed to Breathe]]
# [[The Osterman Weekend]]
# [[Diesel ingine]]
# [[Peter Moore (travel author)]]
# [[Leet o Arab banners]]
# [[São Pedro]]
# [[São Francisco]]
# [[Radar]]
# [[Wylfa Nuclear Pouer Station]]
# [[Arkansas River]]
# [[Sunchang]]
# [[Sizewell C nuclear pouer station]]
# [[Naitional Socialist black metal]]
# [[Sarah McLeod]]
# [[Opeth]]
# [[Hoose o Bonaparte]]
# [[Maekel Region]]
# [[Santa Maria do Cambucá]]
# [[The Ajna Offensive]]
# [[Airchduchess Maria Beatrice o Austrick-Este]]
# [[Anna Vissi]]
# [[Hohenzollern Locomotive Works]]
# [[Sarandi]]
# [[SpongeBob SquarePants]]
# [[São Pedro do Butiá]]
# [[2019 Indie general election]]
# [[Prince Emanuele Filiberto o Savoy, Prince o Venice]]
# [[Save Our Souls]]
# [[Hopelchén]]
# [[Dulce Pontes]]
# [[Province o Salamanca]]
# [[Mary Tyler Moore]]
# [[Chagang Province]]
# [[Prince Anton Ulrich o Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
# [[Daewoo Tico]]
# [[Mercury Meteor]]
# [[Charles d'Albert, Duke o Luynes]]
# [[Sutyagin Hoose]]
# [[Longport, Staffordshire]]
# [[Castelo]]
# [[Bootlegged in Japan]]
# [[30 Seconds to Mars]]
# [[Address to the Haggis]]
# [[Philippe de Courcillon, Marquis o Dangeau]]
# [[Borjomi]]
# [[Taxi Driver]]
# [[Aka-Bo leid]]
# [[Kronstadt]]
# [[Cinderella (1950 film)]]
# [[Tuna]]
# [[Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke o Tuscany]]
# [[Comarques o Catalonie]]
# [[Ulpia Severina]]
# [[Aquifer]]
# [[Santa Fé do Sul]]
# [[Muhammad Iqbal]]
# [[Hôtel de Montbazon]]
# [[North Gyeongsang Province]]
# [[Olgivdam Jaspdai]]
# [[Peugeot 3008]]
# [[Pretender]]
# [[Kristinehamn Municipality]]
# [[Mascara Province]]
# [[Philippe Jules Mancini, Duke o Nevers]]
# [[Balaton (caur)]]
# [[Solar radius]]
# [[Ciénega de Flores]]
# [[Dana Loesch]]
# [[Marie Émilie de Joly]]
# [[Gangwon Province (Sooth Korea)]]
# [[Santa Rita]]
# [[London Borough of Camden]]
# [[Telangana]]
# [[Rua do Cunha]]
# [[Morro]]
# [[Rob Zombie]]
# [[São Bernardo do Campo]]
# [[Robbie Keane]]
# [[Steen Thychosen]]
# [[Alison Weir]]
# [[Santa Luzia]]
# [[Greer Garson]]
# [[Dungeness Nuclear Pouer Station]]
# [[Philippe de Bourbon, Duke o Vendôme]]
# [[Young Dolph]]
# [[César Chávez]]
# [[Guy Paul Jules de La Porte, Duke o La Meilleraye]]
# [[Odin]]
# [[Madame de Parabère]]
# [[Greenock Central railwey station]]
# [[Confine]]
# [[The Kerry Recruit]]
# [[Beja Destrict]]
# [[Warld Puil Association]]
# [[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)]]
# [[Beuk o Ezekiel]]
# [[Omer Šipraga]]
# [[Mato Grosso do Sul]]
# [[The Corbie]]
# [[U.D.O.]]
# [[August, Duke o Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]
# [[Hoose o Grimaldi]]
# [[Eleonora di Toledo]]
# [[William Jay Smith]]
# [[Verbenaceae]]
# [[Villa Fiorito]]
# [[Steve Davis]]
# [[2000 UEFA Cup Final riots]]
# [[Christmas Island]]
# [[Ibicuí River]]
# [[Semanteec chynge]]
# [[North Pyongan Province]]
# [[Sooth Jeolla Province]]
# [[Rafael Pereira da Silva (fitbawer, born 1980)]]
# [[Globular cluster]]
# [[São Lourenço]]
# [[Amalie o Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]]
# [[Maikon Leite]]
# [[Heritage railwey]]
# [[San Nicolas, Manila]]
# [[Joseph, Duke o Parma]]
# [[Provinces o Mongolie]]
# [[Aust-Agder]]
# [[Ben Bhraggie]]
# [[Princess Marie o Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1808–1877)]]
# [[Margaret Osborne duPont]]
# [[Ray Reardon]]
# [[Banner o Burundi]]
# [[Rosa Parks]]
# [[Pape Paul VI]]
# [[North Chungcheong Province]]
# [[Muisicker]]
# [[Michael Jordan]]
# [[Portuguese Brazilians]]
# [[Electric pouer]]
# [[The Heart of Everything]]
# [[Tierra Blanca, Veracruz]]
# [[Hedy Lamarr]]
# [[Autolatina]]
# [[Coonties o Albanie]]
# [[Soriano Calabro]]
# [[James Prescott Joule]]
# [[Al Jawl]]
# [[The Darkness (baund)]]
# [[George R. R. Martin]]
# [[Montese]]
# [[Groningen (disambiguation)]]
# [[Iron Maiden]]
# [[Georges Lemaître]]
# [[Louis Joseph, Dauphin o Fraunce]]
# [[Tuba]]
# [[Lilium]]
# [[Yazz]]
# [[Santa Maria do Salto]]
# [[Hoose o Fitz-James]]
# [[Bernard Cribbins]]

I can create a larger list if this one is useful. Please let me know by replying. [[Special:Contributions/107.242.121.49|107.242.121.49]] ([[User talk:107.242.121.49|talk]]) 14:42, 31 Julie 2021 (UTC)

== (En) How to tag scotched English? ==

I wanted to ask this on [[Wikipedia:Help desk]] but it's protected. What is the right way to tag articles such as [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semanteec_chynge&amp;oldid=693826]? [[Special:Contributions/71.204.166.188|71.204.166.188]] ([[User talk:71.204.166.188|talk]]) 16:27, 16 October 2021 (UTC)

:Use {{t|Fix Scots}} [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 16:47, 16 October 2021 (UTC)

== (En) Google Translate announces support for Sanskrit, used by about 20,000 people, but not Scots ==

https://blog.google/products/translate/24-new-languages/

It would be great to have a NLP database of actual Scots some day. Any idea when the corrupted articles will ever be deleted or moved to a segregated namespace? [[Special:Contributions/2600:387:F:5737:0:0:0:6|2600:387:F:5737:0:0:0:6]] ([[User talk:2600:387:F:5737:0:0:0:6|talk]]) 17:14, 12 Mey 2022 (UTC)
:Never aye, maist likesome. It be over, lad.--[[Uiser:Sigehelmus|Sigehelmus]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sigehelmus|tauk]]) 22:22, 12 Juin 2022 (UTC)

Same with [https://research.facebook.com/file/585831413174038/No-Language-Left-Behind--Scaling-Human-Centered-Machine-Translation.pdf Facebook Research: 200 new languages, some tiny, but no Scots.] [[Special:Contributions/71.204.166.188|71.204.166.188]] ([[User talk:71.204.166.188|talk]]) 22:57, 10 Julie 2022 (UTC)

== Request articles for deletion? ==
Any method of requesting articles to be deleted for this edition? An example would be this [[Storm (Malagasy baund)|article on an obscure Malagasy metal band from the 2000s]]. There's no value here and I doubt there are many Scottish people who are into Malagasy metal bands, much less Malagasy music in general. It's almost certainly written in bogus Scots. It would be a great way to get this Wiki back up to speed and clear the absolutely irrelevant crap like this. [[Uiser:ManhattanChase|ManhattanChase]] ([[Uiser collogue:ManhattanChase|tauk]]) 23:01, 2 September 2022 (UTC)

:[[Uiser:ManhattanChase|ManhattanChase]], ye can tag for deletion a page by adding '''{{tl|delete}}''' tae the tap. See an aw [[Wikipedia:Votes for deletion]]. [[Uiser:Sije|Sije]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sije|tauk]]) 21:05, 8 September 2022 (UTC)

== (En) So much inconsistency in spelling.  ==

I think it's important that this wiki come to agreement on the correct way to spell in Scots. There is so much variation in how to write simple words, something that's confusing and may present an image to outsiders of it being a fake language. 

Examples: 

the vs. 'E vs. tha

leid vs leed

-y vs -ie

There are many other examples too.  [[Uiser:NorfolkIsland123|NorfolkIsland123]] ([[Uiser collogue:NorfolkIsland123|tauk]]) 00:10, 14 Januar 2023 (UTC)
:Is it color or colour? Theorise or theorize?  Oestrogen or estrogen?  Wow, English must be a fake language with all this inconsistency [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 10:15, 14 Januar 2023 (UTC)
:(en) {{ping|NorfolkIsland123}} What you are suggesting here is dialect suppression, and I'm not going to abide the idea that certain dialects of Scots should be driven off the wiki, especially when you're going to call the language fake for having dialects [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 14:41, 14 Januar 2023 (UTC)
::I'm not saying that. I'm not suggesting dialect suppression. All languages, such as Italian, Spanish, German, Mandarin, etc. have many dialects. But they all also have a standardized form of their language. I think it would be most helpful if this wiki was in a standardized Scots.  [[Uiser:NorfolkIsland123|NorfolkIsland123]] ([[Uiser collogue:NorfolkIsland123|tauk]]) 15:10, 16 Januar 2023 (UTC)
::No editor on this wiki would call Scots a fake language. It's not. What NorfolkIsland is simply suggesting is that we create some kind of standard for Scots, so we can make translating articles easier. Additionally, there should be some kind of database so that Scots speakers can see how they should translate/write out Scots.
::For example, although I am able to speak Scots, I am from the borders. Therefore, the Scots I know is very different from say, Glaswegian Scots or Highland Scots. A standardized Scots would help make it easier for us to translate, as well as assist in combatting the misconception that Scots is a fake language.
::Without this, there is little that identifies the difference between Scots as a dialect/accent, and Scots as a language. [[Uiser:RazorPantherz|RazorPantherz]] ([[Uiser collogue:RazorPantherz|tauk]]) 11:35, 18 Apryle 2024 (UTC)

== (Scotched En) State of Scots machine translation ==

Here's what happens when you ask ChatGPT-4, which is trained on scowiki dumps including the remaining intermingled Scotched English, to translate English to Scots:

:''Can we hae a blether aboot sortin' oot a clean release o' the Scots Wikipaedia dumps? It's been a guid few year syne the hale stooshie wi' the Scots Wikipaedia (https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/aug/26/shock-an-aw-us-teenager-wrote-huge-slice-of-scots-wikipedia), an' though the scowiki folk hae marked maist o' the articles wi' mangled &quot;Scotched English,&quot; they're still sittin' there, muddlin' things up. Nae other wey has been found tae help wi' machine translation an' siclike, leavin' Scots - spoken by a quarter million souls - in the lurch, the maist ignored leid by the big translation firms by a fair mile. Google Translate, Meta, Microsoft an' aw that support languages wi' fewer thun 20,000 speakers, but nae Scots.''

:''The scowiki heid yins dinnae seem tae fash themselves wi' sortin' oot this mess, save for slappin' on article tags. An' them that care for the Scots leid hae gien up on their Wikipaedia, thinkin' it's a goner. So, could the Foundation maybe tak a hand an' whip up an alternative scowiki dump? Y'know, ane that leaves oot aw the articles wi' a tag for bein' Scotched, for the sake o' machine translation an' NLP communities? Richt noo, there's 2,473 articles in need o' bein' set aside (https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_that_wis_written_by_a_body_that_haesna_a_guid_grip_on_the_leid) oot o' the 35,199 in scowiki mainspace.''

:''I'm reckonin' this isnae muckle work tae slot intae the dumps generation process, but it's ootwith ma ken tae dae masel, or tae pit it richt on Phabricator. No that it's a matter o' life an' death, mind, since maist Scots speakers ken their English, but for the sake o' keepin' oor leid fae fadin' away, it's the decent thing tae dae.''

Here's the original for reference:

:Is it feasible to create a non-Scotched release of the Scots Wikipedia dumps? It's been three years since the Scots Wikipedia scandal (https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/aug/26/shock-an-aw-us-teenager-wrote-huge-slice-of-scots-wikipedia), and while the scowiki community has tagged almost all of the offending &quot;Scotched English&quot; articles, they have never been moved to an alternate namespace; nor has any other solution for machine translation and other dump-downstream NLP users yet been implemented, leaving Scots with 250,000 native speakers as the most widely languge not supported by any of the big machine translation provoders by a huge margin. I.e., Google Translate, Meta, and Microsoft all support automatic translation of at least a handful of languages spoken by 20,000 or fewer people, but not Scots.

:As the scowiki admins have shown no interest in segregating the corruption other than by ambox template article tags, and Scots language preservationists have apparently washed their hands of their Wikipedia as a lost cause, can the Foundation please step in and sinply produce an alternate scowiki dump without any of the articles taged as Scotched, for the benefit of the machine translation and NLP communities? Currently there are 2,473 articles needing segregation (in https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_that_wis_written_by_a_body_that_haesna_a_guid_grip_on_the_leid) out of 35,199 total in scowiki mainspace.

:I am sure that this amounts to no more than a few hours of work to fully implement within the dumps generation process, but I'm not familiar enough to do it myself, or with Phabricator to properly file the request. And while there is no life-or-death urgency to do this, as essentially every Scots speaker can speak English, it is absolutely the right thing for linguistic preservation to help prevent the loss of another endangered language.

Maybe in the future AI will make new languages for us. [[Special:Contributions/2601:647:5701:39B0:80E1:16A2:3865:8937|2601:647:5701:39B0:80E1:16A2:3865:8937]] ([[User talk:2601:647:5701:39B0:80E1:16A2:3865:8937|talk]]) 00:12, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
:James, let me make myself clear: WE ARE NOT MOVING THE ARTICLES! Shoving them into some shitty other corner is not the solution, so stop harping on about it [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 01:14, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

== (En) List of bad and good Scots articles? ==

Does anybody have a list of articles in good and bad scots?

I want to see examples so I know what not to do when translating.

Cheers!  [[Uiser:RazorPantherz|RazorPantherz]] ([[Uiser collogue:RazorPantherz|tauk]]) 19:25, 20 Apryle 2024 (UTC)

== Wiki closure proposal on Meta (EN) (CLOSED) ==

https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Scots_Wikipedia_2 [[Uiser:Dronebogus|Dronebogus]] ([[Uiser collogue:Dronebogus|tauk]]) 21:03, 24 Mey 2024 (UTC)

== Top banner ==

Why is december written like that in tha top banner? I've nae seen that spelling onywhere, no in tha DSL or tha Wikipaedia for that matter. [[Uiser:RazorPantherz|RazorPantherz]] ([[Uiser collogue:RazorPantherz|tauk]]) 19:16, 3 December 2024 (UTC)
:https://www.scottishcorpus.ac.uk/document/?documentid=1374&amp;highlight=dizember [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:30, 3 December 2024 (UTC)
::Is this not jist ane occurence o this? Wouldn't we uise tha type that occurs mair? That seems to be whit we've been daein', as far as I ken. [[Uiser:RazorPantherz|RazorPantherz]] ([[Uiser collogue:RazorPantherz|tauk]]) 20:05, 3 December 2024 (UTC)
:::I jist copied the dates aat {{ping|Cobra 3000}} uised fur the page.  Banner's been taen doon noo onywyes sae there's nae really ony issue [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 20:49, 3 December 2024 (UTC)
:A'v seen that spellin on the Wiki afore an it represents hou a hear it in real life perfeck, so a went wi it.
:-[[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 11:56, 5 December 2024 (UTC)
::Aye that's completely fair, jist thocht whan I saw it first it wisna richt or wis someane making it up, thats a. [[Uiser:RazorPantherz|RazorPantherz]] ([[Uiser collogue:RazorPantherz|tauk]]) 12:10, 5 December 2024 (UTC)

== Retire OTD ==

{{Template:rfc}}

A'm proponin aat we retire the &quot;On This Day&quot; section o the main page.  Maist o the templates dinna exist an niver will an mony o thaim is fu ae reid airtins, acause thay wis makit bi fowk tryin ti copy enwiki athoot considerin the difference atween enwiki an scowiki. It's ae relic aat we'r really nae able ti deal wi an dinna need [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 15:12, 13 December 2024 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>1at2qslxo3eslkae3l7lk4d3kyk701j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Karl Marx</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1704</id>
    <revision>
      <id>901578</id>
      <parentid>901557</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-12-30T15:19:49Z</timestamp>
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        <username>RabbieBurnsGhost</username>
        <id>114955</id>
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      <text bytes="7450" sha1="m38xlrq4w134y29xrahz5cj50jjnj1w" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description| German Philosopher}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Karl Marx
| honorific_suffix   = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FRSA}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Letter from Karl Marx accepting membership of the Society 1862 |url=http://www.calmview2.eu/RSA/CalmViewA/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&amp;id=RSA%2fSC%2fIM%2f701%2fS1000&amp;pos=9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416202116/http://www.calmview2.eu/RSA/CalmViewA/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&amp;id=RSA%2fSC%2fIM%2f701%2fS1000&amp;pos=9 |archive-date=16 April 2018 |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=[[Royal Society of Arts]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image              = Karl Marx 001 (rotated).jpg
| alt                = 
| caption            = Marx in 1875
| birth_name         = Karl Marx{{efn|name=name|His name was spelled ''Carl Marx'' in the birth register of [[Trier]] and he occasionally used this spelling in official contexts up to the 1840s. His full name is sometimes given as ''Karl Heinrich Marx'', but he never officially had a middle name, using the forms ''Karl Heinrich'' or ''Carl Heinrich'' (with his father's first name added after his own) only several times as a student.{{sfn|Heinrich|2019|pp=34–35}}}}
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|df=y|1818|5|5}}
| birth_place        = [[Trier]], [[Kinrick of Prussie]], [[German Confederation]]
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|df=y|1883|3|14|1818|5|5}}
| death_place        = London, England
| burial_place       = [[Tomb of Karl Marx]]
| nationality        = {{Plainlist|
* [[Prussia|Prussian]] (1818–1845)
* [[Statelessness|Stateless]] (after 1845)
}}
| education          = {{Plainlist|
* [[Varsity of Bonn]]
* [[Varsity of Berlin]]
* [[Varsity of Jena]] (PhD, 1841)
}}
| spouse             = {{Marriage|[[Jenny von Westphalen]]|19 June 1843|2 December 1881|end=died}}
| children           = At least 7,&lt;ref name=PadoverXXV&gt;{{cite book |editor-first=Saul |editor-last=Padover |editor-link=Saul K. Padover |chapter=Introduction: Marx, the Human Side |title=Karl Marx on Education, Women, and Children |location=New York |publisher=[[McGraw Hill]] |date=1975 |page=xxv}}&lt;/ref&gt; including [[Jenny Longuet|Jenny]], [[Laura Marx|Laura]] and [[Eleanor Marx|Eleanor]]
| father             = [[Heinrich Marx]]
| mother             = [[Henriette Pressburg]]
| relatives          = {{Plainlist|
* [[Louise Juta]] (sister)
* [[Edgar Longuet]] (grandson)
* [[Jean Longuet]] (grandson)
* [[Henry Juta]] (nephew)
* [[Frederik Philips]] (cousin)
}}
| module             = {{Infobox philosopher|embed=yes
 | era              = [[19t-century philosophy]]
 | region           = [[Westren philosophy]]
 | school_tradition = {{hlist|[[Continental philosophy]]|[[Marxism]]}}
 | thesis_title     = [[The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature]]
 | thesis_year      = 1841
 | doctoral_advisor = [[Bruno Bauer]]
 | main_interests   = {{hlist|Philosophy|economics|history|politics}}
 | notable_ideas    = {{Plainlist|
* [[:Template:Marxism|Marxist terminology]]
* [[Value form]]
* Contributions to [[Dialectical materialism|dialectics]] and the [[Marxian critique of political economy]]
* [[Class conflict]]
* [[Marx's theory of alienation|Alienation]] and [[Exploitation of labour|exploitation]] of the worker
* [[historical materialism|Materialist conception of history]]
}}
 }}
| signature          = Karl Marx Signature.svg
| signature_alt      = 
}}

'''Karl Marx''' ([[5 Mey|5t Mey]] [[1818]] in [[Trier]], [[Germany]] – [[14 Mairch|14t Mairch]] [[1883]] in [[Lunnon]], [[UK]]) wis a [[Germany|German]] [[Philosophie|philosopher]] and poleitical thinker that wrat aboot [[economics]] an [[politics]]. Ane o his first beuks wis the ''[[Communist Manifesto]]'', written thegither wi [[Friedrich Engels]] in [[1848]]. In this beuk thay set oot the ideas an ettles o the [[Communism|Communist]] muvement for the first time. His theories wis gien the name [[Marxism]] efterhaund, baith bi thaim that gree'd wi him an thaim that criticeesed him.

His maist important contreibution is thocht tae be his beuk ''[[Das Kapital]]'' that wis written ower monie decades; in it he analeesed, criticeesed, an gied the name tae the seestem o [[caipitalism]]. 
For the maist pairt it disagreed wi [[leiberal]] economic views an haes led tae gran debates atween its supporters an detractors. Juist the ae volume haed been feenisht bi the time Marx dee'd; Engels teuk his jots an completit twa mair volumes.

Born in [[Trier]] in the Kinrick o' Prussia, Marx started his studies at the universities o' Bonn, Berlin, an' Jena, gettin' his doctorate in philosophy frae Jena in 1841. He was a Young Hegelian, influencet by the works o' [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]], an' in his ain works, like ''The German Ideology'' an' the ''Grundrisse'', he both critiqued an' developed Hegel’s ideas. While in Paris in 1844, Marx wrote his ''Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts'' an’ met Engels, wha became his closest friend an' collaborator. After movin' tae Brussels in 1845, the pair were active in the Communist League, an' by 1848, they wrote ''The Communist Manifesto'', a pamphlet layin' oot Marx's thoughts an' a plan for revolution. After bein’ expelled from Belgium an’ Germany, Marx made his way tae London in 1849, whaur he penned ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte'' an' ''Das Kapital''. In 1864, Marx got involved in the International Workingmen's Association (First International), where he took on the [[Anarchism|anarchists]] led by Mikhail Bakunin. In his ''Critique of the Gotha Programme'' (1875), he laid doon his thoughts on revolution, the state, an’ the road tae communism. Marx passed away stateless in 1883 an' was buried in Highgate Cemetery.
{{Commons|Karl Marx}}

{{Commonscat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marx, Karl}}
[[Category:Karl Marx| ]]
[[Category:1818 births]]
[[Category:1883 daiths]]
[[Category:19t-century philosophers]]
[[Category:19t-century Proushie fowk]]
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[[Category:19t-century economists]]
[[Category:19t-century German writers]]
[[Category:Victorian writers]]
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[[Category:Buirials at Highgate Seemetry]]
[[Category:Creetics o releegions]]
[[Category:Economic historians]]
[[Category:Umwhile Lutherans]]
[[Category:German atheists]]
[[Category:German communists]]
[[Category:German economists]]
[[Category:German emigrants tae the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:German historians]]
[[Category:German Jews]]
[[Category:German philosophers]]
[[Category:German revolutionaries]]
[[Category:German socialists]]
[[Category:German sociologists]]
[[Category:German tax resisters]]
[[Category:Historians o economic thocht]]
[[Category:Jewish atheists]]
[[Category:Marxian economists|*]]
[[Category:Marxist historians|*]]
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[[Category:Marxist theorists| ]]
[[Category:Marxists| ]]
[[Category:Materialists]]
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[[Category:Fowk associatit wi the Ryal Society o Airts]]
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[[Category:Stateless fowk]]
[[Category:Writers aboot globalisation]]
[[Category:Varsity o Bonn alumni]]
[[Category:Humboldt Varsity o Berlin alumni]]
[[Category:Varsity o Jena alumni]]

{{Stub/Germany}}

&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pro12</title>
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      <text bytes="6978" sha1="s6sv67oc4i0684wyttzib1robpo507f" xml:space="preserve">{{Fixscots}}

The '''Pro12''', umwhile the '''Celtic League''', stairtit in 1999 an nou kent as the Magners League, is a [[rugby union]] competeetion wi teams fae the three Celtic kintras: [[Scotland]], [[Republic o Ireland|Ireland]] an [[Wales]].

== History ==

In 1999, the Welsh Premiership wis expandit tae include [[Glesca Rugby|Glesca]] an Embro, an wis cried the ''Welsh-Scottish League''

In 2001, a complouter wis makkit wi the Irish, Scots an Welsh Unions for tae mak a new competeetion tae include the fower Irish stewartries.

=== 2001/02 ===

The foremaist saison wad see fifteen teams compete:

The fower Irish stewartries (Connacht, Leinster, Munster an Ulster), twa Scots teams (Edinburgh Reivers an Glesgae) an aw nine Welsh Premier Diveesion teams (Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Ebbw Vale, Llanelli, Neath, Newport, Pontypridd an Swansea).

Playin in ilka kintra's ain competeetions, the teams wis splitten intae twa groups (o 8 an 7) an played a series o gemmes wi ilk team playin agin the ither juist the ae time. The tap fower teams fae ilka group gaed intae the gird-oot phase or a champion wis fand. Clashes aqueesh teams in the ''Welsh-Scottish League'' coontit tae the new competeetion an aw.

The 2001/2002 competeetion wis dominatit bi the Irish teams wi aw fower teams gettin tae the hindermaist aicht, three makkin it tae the hintermaist fower, an the thrillin feenal played at Lansdowne Road contestit aqueesh Leinster an Munster wi the Dublin team beerin the gree 24-20.

=== 2002/03 ===

The demaunds o the Celtic league led tae the Scots / Welsh league bein scrappit in 2002. The Irish cross-proveencial championship wis doungradit an aw.

The seicont (2002/03) saison's format wis identical except athoot the addeetion o a third Scots team, the newlins re-estaiblisht Scottish Mairches.

=== 2003/04 ===

A gey muckle cheenge in Celtic League philosophy comen throu the early pairt o 2003, pairtly acause o the commercial seil o the league itsel but maistly acause o the Welsh Regional Rugby's financial constraints that left Wales wi but five bungfu professional coars. It wis decidit that the Celtic League wad become the ae professional league o the three countries, wi aw fower Irish, three Scottish an the five nou Welsh (Cardiff Blues, Celtic Warriors, Llanelli Scarlets, Neath-Swansea Ospreys an Newport Gwent Dragons)coars.

Reformatted intae a traditional league competeetion (roond-robin wey, aw coars daff ilk ither twice, ance hame, ance awa), whilk ettled that a saison lang 22-roond daff program wis launchit, an wi a new virr in deepth acause o the amalgamation o Welsh coars an the continuing virrin o Irish an Scottish coars yont the re-signing an retention o muckle daffers, the league haes been in rugby terms a sonse. Introduced an aw for the 2003/04 saison wis the Celtic Quaich, a straucht gird-oot taffie competeetion aqueen the 12 Celtic League coars.

Naither the coorse timin o the league's launch an wickit organisation o a wirkin calendar meant that foremaist the 2003 Rugby Warld Cup an efter the RBS Sax Nations Championship preventit mony o the league's tap stars fae daffin in ower hauf the gemmes. This meant that commercially the league haes struggled, especially regarding the newlins-adoptit regions in Wales whaur the gemme haes ayeweys tradeetionally been daffit on a club basis, no haein the regional histories o Ireland or Scotland.

=== 2004/05 ===

The league format wis further refined at the droddum o the 2003/04 saison, wi the participants decidin tae better manage the dates o the gemmes sae as no tae misguggle wi the naitional squad set-ups an tae mak the league mair commercially viable. The league wis daffit tae Apryle an then the Celtic Cup competeetion wis contested amongst the tap eicht coars o the league.

The Welsh Union then liquidated the Celtic Warriors region, lowdenin the coont o coars tae elieven.

=== 2005/06 ===

In 2005, thare wis tatter ower an Anglo-Welsh cup competeetion whit some saw as undermining the Celtic League. Mauger Welsh assurances that the Anglo-Welsh tournament widnae interfere wi thair commitments tae aither the Celtic League in its present format or an expanded 'Rainbow League', the SRU an IRFU cited the fact that the WRU haed shappit arrangements tae play gemmes on five weekends wioot regaird tae Celtic League fixtures. Welsh sides waur flung oot o the Celtic League in Juin 2005, but readmitted,

Mauger yon quirks, the league enjoyed its maist successfu saison, wi the tap rangle at a Celtic League match bein brucken fower tids fae 12,436 at the Cardiff Blues Vs. Newport Gwent Dragons gemme in Dizember tae 15,327 for the Cardiff Blues Vs. Leinster match at the Millennium Stadium. The hail rangles for the saison war up naurhaund 50,000 at 571,331 abeis 521,449 for the foregane saison.

The league gaed doon tae the last roond wi Ulster an Leinster baith in contention. Efter Leinster's victory ower Embro an wi Ulster tynein agin the Ospreys, it lookit lik the cup wad gang tae Dublin but David Humphreys kickit a hintmaist meenit 40 metre drap dool tae limp the gemme an the league for Ulster.

== Statistics ==
{| border=1 cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=400
|- align=center bgcolor=&quot;#ffff99&quot;
!colspan=4|Celtic League
|- align=center bgcolor=&quot;#ffff99&quot;
|Saison||Coars||Fechters||Seicont
|- align=center
|2001/02||15||[[Leinster Rugby|Leinster]]||[[Munster Rugby|Munster]]
|- align=center
|2002/03||16||[[Munster Rugby|Munster]]||[[Neath RFC|Neath]]
|- align=center
|2003/04||12||[[Llanelli Scarlets|Scarlets]]||[[Ulster Rugby|Ulster]]
|- align=center
|2004/05||11||[[Ospreys (rugby union)|Ospreys]]||[[Munster Rugby|Munster]]
|- align=center
|2005/06||11||[[Ulster Rugby|Ulster]]||[[Leinster Rugby|Leinster]]
|- align=center bgcolor=&quot;#ffff99&quot;
!colspan=4|Celtic Cup
|- align=center bgcolor=&quot;#ffff99&quot;
|Saison||Coars||Fechters||Seicont
|- align=center
|2003/04||12||[[Ulster Rugby|Ulster]]||[[Edinburgh Gunners|Edinburgh]]
|- align=center
|2004/05||8||[[Munster Rugby|Munster]]||[[Llanelli Scarlets|Scarlets]]
|}
&lt;br /&gt;
Maist pynts rit bi a daffer in ane saison: 276 ([[Felipe Contepomi]],[[Leinster]], 2005-2006) &lt;br /&gt;
Maist tries rit bi a daffer in ane saison: 12 ([[Jamie Robinson]],[[Cardiff Blues]],2003-2004 &amp; [[Kevin Morgan]],[[Newport Gwent Dragons]],2004-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
Heichmaist Clamjamfrie at Celtic League match: 15,327 ([[Cardiff Blues]] Vs. [[Leinster]], 14t Mey 2006)

== See an aw ==
* [[Heineken Kemp]]
* [[European Challenge Kemp]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.rabodirectpro12.com/ Pro12 (official site)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103095842/http://www.rabodirectpro12.com/ |date=2012-01-03 }}

[[Category:Pro 12| ]]
[[Category:European rugby union competitions]]
[[Category:Inter-Celtic organisations|League]]
[[Category:Professional sports leagues]]
[[Category:Rugby union leagues in Ireland|1]]
[[Category:Rugby union leagues in Scotland|1]]
[[Category:Rugby union leagues in Wales|1]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Greece</title>
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      <text bytes="16912" sha1="klt9ter1zb2tiov7zzy4ug3ghvior1f" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Hellenic Republic
| native_name = {{small|Ελληνική Δημοκρατία&lt;br /&gt;{{native name|el|Ellinikí Dimokratía}}}}
| common_name = Greece
|image_flag = Flag of Greece.svg
|image_coat = {{#property:p94}}
|image_map = EU-Greece.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |location_color =dark green |region =Europe |region_color =dark grey | subregion =the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green |legend =EU-Greece.svg}}
|national_motto = {{lang|el|[[Eleftheria i thanatos|«Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος»]]}} {{small|(traditional)}}
|englishmotto = &quot;Freedom or Daith&quot; 
|national_anthem = {{lang|el|[[Hymn tae Liberty|«Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν»]]}}&lt;br&gt;{{small|&quot;Hymn tae Liberty&quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:Greece national anthem.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
|languages_type = Official language&lt;br /&gt;{{nobold|and national language}}
|languages = [[Greek leid|Greek]]
|religion = [[Eastren Orthodoxy]]
|demonym = [[Greeks|Greek]]
|capital = [[Athens]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|37|58|N|23|43|E|type:city}}
|largest_city = caipital
|government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentary]]&lt;br&gt;[[constitutional republic]]}}
|leader_title1 = [[Preses o Greece|Preses]]
|leader_name1 = [[Katerina Sakellaropoulou]]
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Greece|Prime Meenister]]
|leader_name2 = [[Kyriakos Mitsotakis]]
|leader_title3 = [[Speaker o the Hellenic Parliament|Speaker o the Parliament]]
|leader_name3 = [[Konstantinos Tasoulas]]
|legislature = [[Hellenic Pairlament|Pairlament]]
|sovereignty_type = [[History o modren Greece|Formation]]
|established_event1 = [[Greek War o Unthirldom|Unthirldom declared]] {{nobold|frae the [[Ottoman Empire]]}}
|established_date1 = 25 Mairch 1821 (tradeetional stairtin date o the [[Greek War o Unthirldom]]), 15 Januar 1822 (offeecial declaration in the [[First Naitional Assembly at Epidaurus]])
|established_event2 = [[Lunnon Protocol (1830)|Recognized]]
|established_date2 = 3 February 1830
|established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution o Greece|Current constitution]]}}
|established_date3 = 11 Juin 1975
|area_rank = 97th
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|area_km2 = 131,957
|area_footnote = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html?countryName=Greece&amp;countryCode=gr&amp;regionCode=eur&amp;rank=97#gr |title= Country Comparison: Area |work= [[The World Factbook]] |publisher= [[Central Intelligence Agency]] |accessdate= 7 January 2013 |archive-date= 2020-11-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201113204336/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html?countryName=Greece&amp;countryCode=gr&amp;regionCode=eur&amp;rank=97#gr |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|area_sq_mi = 50,949 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 0.8669
|population_census =  10,816,286&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Announcement of the demographic and social characteristics of the revised Resident Population of Greece according to the 2011 Population&amp;nbsp;– Housing Census.|url=http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/General/FEK_monimos_rev.pdf|publisher=Hellenic Statistical Authority|accessdate=16 February 2015|location=Piraeus|format=PDF|date=20 March 2014|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924120845/http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/General/FEK_monimos_rev.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_census_year = 2012
|population_census_rank = 80t
|population_estimate_year =
|population_density_km2 = 82&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Announcement of the results of the 2011 Population Census for the Resident Population|url=http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/A1602/PressReleases/A1602_SAM01_DT_DC_00_2011_02_F_EN.pdf|publisher=Hellenic Statistical Authority|accessdate=24 August 2013|location=Piraeus|format=PDF|date=28 December 2012|archive-date=2013-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113172928/http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/A1602/PressReleases/A1602_SAM01_DT_DC_00_2011_02_F_EN.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_density_sq_mi = 212 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = 120t
|GDP_PPP = $294.014&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=48&amp;pr.y=7&amp;sy=2013&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=174&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title= Greece| publisher= [[International Monetary Fund]] |deadurl=no |accessdate=29 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank = 51st
|GDP_PPP_year = 2015
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $26,773&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 41st
|GDP_nominal = $238,023&lt;&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_rank = 44t
|GDP_nominal_year = 2014
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $22,594&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 37t
|Gini_year = 2012
|Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini = 34.3 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=eurogini&gt;{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer|accessdate=5 January 2014|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045123/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_rank = high
|HDI_year = 2013&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = steady &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.853 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf |title=2014 Human Development Report Summary |date=2014 |accessdate=27 July 2014 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme | pages=21–25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 29th
|currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]])&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
|currency_code = EUR
|country_code =
|time_zone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|time_zone_DST = [[EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|drives_on = right
|date_format = dd/mm/yyyy&amp;nbsp;([[Anno Domini|AD]])
|calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Greece|+30]]
|cctld = [[.gr]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|footnote_a = Afore 2002, the [[Greek drachma]].
|footnote_b = The [[.eu]] domain is uised anaa, as in ither [[European Union]] member states.}}
'''Greece''' ([[Greek leid|Greek]]: ''Ελλάδα'' or ''Ελλάς''), kent offeecially as the '''Hellenic Republic''' ([[Greek leid|Greek]]: ''Ελληνική Δημοκρατία'') is a kintra in sooth-eastren [[Europe]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-11-10|archive-date=2016-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825033157/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; wi a population o approximately {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Greece}}|,||}}/1e6 round 0}} million as o {{UN_Population|Year}}. [[Athens]] is the naition's caipital an largest ceety, follaed bi [[Thessaloniki]].

Greece is locatit at the crossroads o Europe, Asie, an Africae. Situatit on the soothren tip o the [[Balkan Peninsula]], it shares laund mairches wi [[Albanie]] tae the northwast, [[North Macedonie]] an [[Bulgarie]] tae the north, an [[Turkey]] tae the northeast. The [[Aegean Sea]] lies tae the east o the [[Geografie o Greece|mainland]], the [[Ionian Sea]] tae the wast, the [[Sea o Crete|Cretan Sea]] an the [[Mediterranean Sea]] tae the sooth. Greece haes the langest coastline on the [[Mediterranean Basin]] an the [[leet o kintras bi lenth o coastline|11t langest coastline in the warld]] at {{convert|13676|km|0|abbr=on}} in lenth, featurin a muckle nummer o [[Leet o islands o Greece|islands]], o that 227 are inhabitit. Aichty percent o Greece is muntainous, wi [[Munt Olympus]] bein the heichest peak at {{convert|2918|m|ft}}. The kintra consists o nine [[geografic regions o Greece|geografic regions]]: [[Macedonie (Greece)|Macedonie]], [[Central Greece]], the [[Peloponnese]], [[Thessaly]], [[Epirus (region)|Epirus]], the [[Aegean Islands]] (includin the [[Dodecanese]] an [[Cyclades]]), [[wastren Thrace|Thrace]], [[Crete]], an the [[Ionian Islands]].

Greece is conseedert the cradle o [[Wastren cultur|Wastren ceevilisation]],{{efn|See:&lt;ref name=&quot;Duchesne2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=[[Ricardo Duchesne]]|title=The Uniqueness of Western Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWmDPzPo0XAC&amp;pg=PA297|date=7 February 2011|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-19248-4|page=297|quote=The list of books which have celebrated Greece as the “cradle” of the West is endless; two more examples are Charles Freeman's The Greek Achievement: The Foundation of the Western World (1999) and Bruce Thornton's Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization (2000)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BotticiChalland2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Chiara Bottici|author2=Benoît Challand|title=The Myth of the Clash of Civilizations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QW1lrPMXprwC&amp;pg=PA88|date=11 January 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-95119-0|page=88|quote=The reason why even such a sophisticated historian as Pagden can do it is that the idea that Greece is the cradle of civilisation is so much rooted in western minds and school curicula as to be taken for granted.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Broad2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=William J. Broad|title=The Oracle: Ancient Delphi and the Science Behind Its Lost Secrets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Oi_sVWIXLAC&amp;pg=PA120|year=2007|publisher=Penguin Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-14-303859-7|page=120|quote=In 1979, a friend of de Boer's invited him to join a team of scientists that was going to Greece to assess the suitability of the ... But the idea of learning more about Greece — the cradle of Western civilization, a fresh example of tectonic forces at ...}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} bein the birthplace o [[Athenian democracy|democracy]], [[Wastren filosofie]], [[Wastren leeteratur]], [[historiografie]], [[poleetical science]], major [[History o science in clessical antiquity|scienteefic]] an [[Greek mathematics|mathematical]] principles, an [[Drama|Wastren drama]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Strickland2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Carol Strickland|title=The Illustrated Timeline of Western Literature: A Crash Course in Words &amp; Pictures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qw_7eINO_NcC&amp;pg=PA2|year=2007|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.|isbn=978-1-4027-4860-8|page=2|quote=Although the first writing originates in the cradle of civilization along Middle Eastern rivers — the Tigris, Euphrates, and Nile — the true cradle of Western literature is Athens. As the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley says, &quot;We are all Greeks.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; as weel as the [[Olympic Gemmes]]. Frae the aicht century BC, the Greeks war organised intae various independent ceety-states, kent as ''poleis'' (seengular ''polis''), that spanned the entire [[Mediterranean region]] an the [[Black Sea]]. [[Philip o Macedon]] unitit maist o the Greek mainland in the fowert century BC, wi his son [[Alexander the Great]] [[Macedonian Empire|rapidly conquerin muckle o the auncient warld]], spreidin Greek cultur an science frae the eastren Mediterranean tae [[Indie]]. Greece wis [[Roman Greece|annexed]] bi [[Roman Republic|Roum]] in the seicont century BC, becomin an integral pairt o the [[Roman Empire]] an its successor, the [[Byzantine Empire]], whaurin the Greek leid an cultur war dominant. The [[Greek Orthodox Kirk]] shapit modren Greek identity an transmittit Greek tradeetions tae the wider [[Eastren Orthodox Kirk|Orthodox Warld]].&lt;ref name=BritIdent&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |year=2008 |title =Greece during the Byzantine period (c. AD 300 – c. 1453), Population and languages, Emerging Greek identity |encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica |id=Online Edition}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fawin unner [[Ottoman Greece|Ottoman domeenion]] in the mid-15t century, the modren [[naition state]] o Greece emerged in 1830 follaein a [[Greek War o Unthirldom|war o unthirldom]]. Greece's rich historical legacy is reflectit bi its 18 [[Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Greece|UNESCO Warld Heritage Steids]], amang the [[Table o Warld Heritage Steids bi kintra|maist in Europe an the warld]].&lt;ref name=Unesco&gt;{{cite web|title=Greece Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (17)|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/gr |publisher=Unesco}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Greece is a democratic an [[developit kintra]] wi an advanced [[Warld Bank heich-income economy|heich-income economy]], a heich [[quality o life]], an a verra heich [[Human Development Index|staundart o leevin]]. A foondin member o the [[Unitit Naitions]], Greece wis the tent member tae jyne the [[European Commonties]] (precursor tae the [[European Union]]) an haes been pairt o the [[Eurozone]] syne 2001. It is a member o numerous ither international institutions, includin the [[Cooncil o Europe]], the [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organisation]] (NATO), the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation an Development]] (OECD), the [[Warld Tred Organisation]] (WTO), the [[Organisation for Siccarity an Co-operation in Europe]] (OSCE), an the [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]] (OIF). Greece's unique cultural heritage, muckle [[Tourism in Greece|tourism industry]], [[Greek shippin|prominent shippin sector]] an [[Geostrategy|geostrategic importance]]{{efn|See:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Strategic Importance of Greece |url=https://geopoliticalfutures.com/the-strategic-importance-of-greece/ |publisher=geopoliticalfutures.com |accessdate=6 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Geopolitics of Greece: &quot;One cannot afford anymore to manage the Greek crisis without due consideration of its geopolitical consequences&quot; |url=http://janelanaweb.com/crise/the-geopolitics-of-greece-one-cannot-afford-anymore-to-manage-the-greek-crisis-without-due-consideration-of-its-geopolitical-consequences-thanos-dokos-eliamep/ |publisher=janelanaweb.com |accessdate=6 March 2017 |archive-date=2017-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307045600/http://janelanaweb.com/crise/the-geopolitics-of-greece-one-cannot-afford-anymore-to-manage-the-greek-crisis-without-due-consideration-of-its-geopolitical-consequences-thanos-dokos-eliamep/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Geostrategic Value of Greece and Sweden in the Current Struggle between Russia and NATO |url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/natosource/the-geostrategic-value-of-greece-and-sweden-in-the-current-struggle-between-russia-and-nato |publisher=atlanticcouncil.org |accessdate=6 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Geopolitical Importance of Greece through the Ages |url=https://www.academia.edu/11230737/The_Geopolitical_Importance_of_Greece_through_the_Ages |publisher=academia.edu |accessdate=6 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Role of Greece in the Geostrategic Chessboard of Natural Gas |url=http://www.naturalgasworld.com/greece-geostrategic-significance-natural-gas |publisher=naturalgasworld.com |accessdate=6 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Geopolitical Consequences Of 'Grexit' Would Be Huge |url=http://www.bmiresearch.com/blog/geopolitical-consequences-of-grexit-would-be-huge |publisher=bmiresearch.com |accessdate=6 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Greece can still be a geopolitical asset for the EU |url=http://europesworld.org/2013/06/01/greece-can-still-be-a-geopolitical-asset-for-the-eu/#.V-ljaCQbP9s |publisher=europesworld.org |accessdate=6 March 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111051954/http://europesworld.org/2013/06/01/greece-can-still-be-a-geopolitical-asset-for-the-eu/#.V-ljaCQbP9s |archivedate=11 January 2017 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Greece and NATO: a long lasting relationship |url=http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2012/turkey-greece/greece-nato-partnership/en/index.htm |publisher=nato.int |accessdate=6 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ambassador Pyatt's Remarks at the &quot;Foreign Policy under Austerity&quot; Book Panel|url=https://athens.usembassy.gov/amb_bookpanel_remarks.html|publisher=athens.usembassy.gov|accessdate=29 May 2017}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;}} clessifee it as a [[middle pouer]]. It is the [[Leet o sovereign states in Europe bi GDP (nominal)|lairgest economy]] in the [[Balkans]], whaur it is an important regional investor.

[[File:Greece 2011 Periferiakes Enotites-es.svg|thumb|Territorial organization]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Greece| ]]
[[Category:Balkan kintras]]
[[Category:Sootheastren European kintras]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1821]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iran</title>
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      <text bytes="21560" sha1="5ahdv5xm4hbakabd9u4k7olcs87vcve" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Islamic Republic o Iran
| common_name = Iran
| native_name = {{nobold|{{native name|fa|جمهوری اسلامی ایران|italics=off}}}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''{{transl|fa|Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān}}''&lt;/small&gt;
| image_flag = Flag of Iran.svg
| image_coat = Emblem of Iran.svg
| symbol_type = Emblem
&lt;!-- maps -----------&gt;
| national_motto = &lt;br /&gt;{{lang|fa|استقلال، آزادی، جمهوری اسلامی}}&lt;br /&gt;''{{transl|fa|Esteqlāl, Āzādi, Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi}}''
| national_anthem = &lt;br /&gt;{{lang|fa|سرود ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{transl|fa|Sorud-e Melli-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān}}}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(&quot;[[Naitional Anthem o the Islamic Republic o Iran]]&quot;)}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:Sorud-e Mellí-e Yomhurí-e Eslamí-e Irán (instrumental).oga]]&lt;/center&gt;
| image_map = Iran (orthographic projection).svg
| capital = [[Tehran]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|35|41|N|51|25|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = caipital
| official_languages = [[Persie leid|Persie]]
| demonym = Iranian, Persie
| government_type = {{small|''[[de jure]]'':}}&lt;br&gt;[[Islamic Republic#Iran|Islamic Republic]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|''[[de facto]]'':}}&lt;br&gt;[[Theocracy#Iran|Theocratic]]-[[republicanism|republican]] hybrid; [[unitar state|unitar]] [[presidential republic]] subject tae a [[Supreme Leader o Iran|Supreme Leader]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Buchta|first1=Wilfried|title=Taking Stock of a Quarter Century of the Islamic Republic of Iran|url=http://ilsp.law.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/buchta.pdf|website=Harvard Law School|publisher=Harvard Law School|accessdate=2 November 2015|quote=[...] the Islamic Republic’s political system, a theocratic-republican hybrid [...]|archive-date=2015-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908175422/http://ilsp.law.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/buchta.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1 = [[Supreme Leader o Iran|Supreme Leader]]
| leader_name1 = [[Ali Khamenei]] (سید علی خامنه‌ای)
| leader_title2 = [[Preses o Iran|Preses]]
| leader_name2 = [[Ebrahim Raisi]]  (سیدابراهیم رئیسی)
| leader_title3 = [[Vice Preses o Iran|Vice Preses]]
| leader_name3 = [[Mohammad Mokhber]] (محمد مخبر)
| leader_title4 = [[Leet o Speakers o the Pairlament o Iran|Speaker o the Pairlament]]
| leader_name4 = [[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]] (محمد باقر قالیباف)
| leader_title5 = [[Chief Juistice o Iran|Chief Juistice]]
| leader_name5 = [[Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i]] (غلامحسین محسنی اژه‌ای)
| legislature = [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]]
| sovereignty_type = Unification
| established_event1 = [[Median Empire]]
| established_date1 = c. 678 BC
| established_event2 = [[Achaemenid Empire]]
| established_date2 = 550 BC
| established_event3 = [[Parthian Empire]]
| established_date3 = 247 BC
| established_event4 =[[Sasanian Empire]]
| established_date4 = 224 AD&lt;ref name=&quot;AlirezaShahbazi&quot;&gt;Alireza Shapur Shahbazi (2005), &quot;The History of the Idea of Iran&quot;, in Vesta Curtis ed., Birth of the Persian Empire, IB Tauris, London, p. 108: &quot;Similarly the collapse of Sassanian Eranshahr in {{as written|AD}} 650 did not end Iranians' national idea. The name 'Iran' disappeared from official records of the Saffarids, Samanids, Buyids, Saljuqs and their successor. But one unofficially used the name Iran, Eranshahr, and similar national designations, particularly Mamalek-e Iran or &quot;Iranian lands&quot;, which exactly translated the old Avestan term Ariyanam Daihunam. On the other hand, when the Safavids (not Reza Shah, as is popularly assumed) revived a national state officially known as Iran, bureaucratic usage in the Ottoman empire and even Iran itself could still refer to it by other descriptive and traditional appellations&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_event5 = [[Safavid Empire]]
| established_date5 = 1501&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrew J. Newman 2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Andrew J. Newman|title=Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=afsYCq1XOewC|accessdate=21 June 2013|date=21 April 2006|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-86064-667-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_event6 = [[Islamic Republic]]
| established_date6 = 1 Apryle 1979
| established_event7 = [[Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran|Current constitution]]
| established_date7 = 24 October 1979
| established_event8 = [[Iranian constitutional referendum, 1989|Constitution amended]]
| established_date8 = 28 Julie 1989
| area_km2 = 1,648,195
| area_rank = 17t
| area_sq_mi = 636,372 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water = 0.7
| population_estimate = 82,800,000&lt;ref name=&quot;cia.gov&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html |title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203093100/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html |archivedate= 3 February 2012 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2016
| population_estimate_rank = 18t
| population_density_km2 = 48
| population_density_sq_mi = 124 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 162nt &lt;!--Wiki source[?]--&gt;
| GDP_PPP = $1.551 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2014&amp;ey=2021&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=84&amp;pr1.y=14&amp;c=429&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2017
| GDP_PPP_rank = 18t
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,050&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal = $438.3 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2017
| GDP_nominal_rank = 27t
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,383&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;/&gt;
| Gini = 37.4 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year = 2013
| Gini_change = {{decrease}}&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;Data.worldbank.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |newspaper=Data.worldbank.org |date=  |accessdate= 29 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0.766 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year = 2014&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2015 |year=2015 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=15 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 69t
| currency = [[Iranian rial|Rial]] ({{wikt-lang|fa|ریال}})
| currency_code = IRR
| time_zone = [[Iran Staundart Time|IRST]]
| utc_offset = +3:30
| utc_offset_DST = +4:30
| time_zone_DST = IRDT
| date_format = &lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;yyyy/mm/dd&lt;/span&gt; ([[Solar Hijri calendar|SH]])
| drives_on = richt
| calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Iran|+98]]
| iso3166code = IR
| cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.ir]] |[[ایران.]]}}
| englishmotto = &quot;Unthirldom, freedom, the Islamic Republic&quot; &lt;br&gt; {{small|(''[[de facto]]'')}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Temperman2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book
| author=Jeroen Temperman
| title=State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law: Towards a Right to Religiously Neutral Governance
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Khag6tbsIn4C&amp;pg=PA87
| year=2010
| publisher=BRILL
| isbn=90-04-18148-2
| pages=87–
| quote=The official motto of Iran is ''[[Takbir]]'' (&quot;God is the Greatest&quot; or &quot;God is Great&quot;). Transliteration ''Allahu Akbar''. As referred to in art. 18 of the constitution of Iran (1979). The ''[[de facto]]'' motto however is: &quot;Independence, freedom, the Islamic Republic.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| recognized_regional_languages = {{hidden begin|toggle=left}}
{{flat list|[[Azerbaijani leid|Azerbaijani]]{{dot}}[[Kurdish leid|Kurdish]]{{dot}}[[Luri Language|Lurish]]{{dot}}[[Semnani leids|Semnani]]{{dot}}[[Gilaki leid|Gilaki]]{{dot}}[[Mazandarani leid|Mazenderani]]{{dot}}[[Tati leid (Iran)|Tati]]{{dot}}[[Turkmen leid|Turkmen]]{{dot}}[[Arabic leid|Arabic]]{{dot}}[[Qashqai leid|Qashqai]]{{dot}}[[Baloch leid|Baloch]]{{dot}}[[Talysh leid|Talysh]]{{dot}}[[Afshar leid|Afshar]]{{dot}}[[Georgie leid|Georgie]]{{dot}}[[Armenie leid|Armenie]]{{dot}}[[Assirie Neo-Aramaic leid|Neo-Aramaic]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url = http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=IR|title = Archived copy|access-date = 2017-05-11|archive-date = 2012-08-19|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120819022146/http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=IR|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
{{Hidden end}}
| official_religion =
| religion =  {{small|Offeecial:}}&lt;br&gt;[[Islam]] ([[Shia Islam|Shia]])&lt;br&gt;{{small|Ither recognised releegions:}}&lt;br&gt;{{hlist|[[Christianity]]|[[Judaism]]|[[Zoroastrianism]]}}
&lt;!-- government -----------&gt;
| area_magnitude = 1 E12
}}
[[File:IranNumbered.png|thumb|Territorial Organization]]
'''Iran''' or '''Persie''', kent as the '''Islamic Republic o Iran''', is a kintra in [[Wastren Asie]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://cesww.fas.harvard.edu/ces_definition.html |title=&quot;CESWW&quot; – Definition of Central Eurasia |publisher=Cesww.fas.harvard.edu |accessdate=1 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100805052739/http://cesww.fas.harvard.edu/ces_definition.html |archivedate=5 August 2010 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/places/countries/country_iran.html |title=Iran Guide |publisher=National Geographic |date=14 June 2013 |accessdate=21 June 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212095435/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/places/countries/country_iran.html |archivedate=12 December 2009 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wi ower 81 million indwallers,&lt;ref name=&quot;amar.org.ir&quot;/&gt; Iran is the warld's [[Leet o kintras an dependencies bi population|18t maist populous kintra]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/domestic-economy/61421/national-census-preliminary-results-released-irans-urban-population|title=National Census Preliminary Results Released: Iran's Urban Population Up|date=2017-03-13|work=Financial Tribune|access-date=2017-05-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Comprisin a laund airt o {{convert|1648195|km2|abbr=on}}, it is the seicont lairgest kintra in the [[Middle East]] an the 17th maistmuckle in the warld. Iran haes mairches tae the northwast wi [[Armenie]] an the [[Azerbaijan|Republic o Azerbaijan]],{{efn|Includin the ''de facto'' independent, but unrecognised [[Republic o Artsakh]].}} tae the north bi the [[Caspian Sea]], tae the northeast bi [[Turkmenistan]], tae the east bi [[Afghanistan]] an [[Pakistan]], tae the sooth bi the [[Persie Gulf]] an the [[Gulf o Oman]], an tae the wast bi [[Turkey]] an [[Iraq]]. The kintra's central location in [[Eurasie]] an Wastren Asia, an its proximity tae the [[Strait o Hormuz]], gie it [[geostrategy|geostrategic]] importance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thediplomat.com/2012/07/irans-strategy-in-the-strait-of-hormuz/ |title=Iran's Strategy in the Strait of Hormuz |publisher=The Diplomat |accessdate=29 November 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208071232/http://thediplomat.com/2012/07/irans-strategy-in-the-strait-of-hormuz/ |archivedate=8 December 2015 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tehran]] is the kintra's caipital an mucklemaist city, as weel as its leadin economic an cultural centre.

Iran is hame tae ane o the warld's auldest [[ceevilisation]]s,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=[[Christopher Whatley|Whatley, Christopher]] |date=2001 |title=Bought and Sold for English Gold: The Union of 1707 |publisher=Tuckwell Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Lowell Barrington|title=Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices, 2nd ed.tr: Structures and Choices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLLuWYL8gTsC&amp;pg=PA121|accessdate=21 June 2013|date=January 2012|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-111-34193-0|page=121}}&lt;/ref&gt; beginnin wi the formation o the [[Elam]]ite kinricks in the fowert millennium BCE. It wis first unifee'd bi the [[Iranian fowks|Iranian]] [[Medes]] in the seivent century BCE,&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopædia Britannica Encyclopedia Article: Media ancient region, Iran&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/372125/Media |title=Encyclopædia Britannica Encyclopedia Article: Media ancient region, Iran |publisher=Britannica.com |accessdate=25 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; reachin its greatest territorial size in the saxt century BCE, whan [[Cyrus the Great]] foondit the [[Achaemenid Empire]], that stretched frae [[Eastern Europe]] tae the [[Indus River|Indus Valley]], becomin ane o the mucklemaist empires in history.&lt;ref name=&quot;book&quot;&gt;{{cite book| author = David Sacks| author2 = Oswyn Murray| author3 = Lisa R. Brody|author4=Oswyn Murray |author5=Lisa R. Brody | title = Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world| url = https://books.google.com/?id=gsGmuQAACAAJ| year = 2005| publisher = Infobase Publishing| isbn = 978-0-8160-5722-1| pages = 256 (at the right portion of the page)| accessdate = 17 August 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Iranian realm fell tae [[Alexander the Great]] in the fowert century BCE an wis dividit intae several [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]] states. An Iranian rebellion culminatit in the establishment o the [[Parthian Empire]], that wis succeedit in the third century CE bi the [[Sasanian Empire]], a leadin warld pouer for the next fower centuries.&lt;ref name=&quot;Norman A. Stillman p. 22&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Stillman, Norman A. |title=The Jews of Arab Lands |url=https://archive.org/details/jewsofarablands00stil |page=[https://archive.org/details/jewsofarablands00stil/page/22 22] |publisher=Jewish Publication Society |date=1979 |isbn=0827611552}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Byzantine Studies 2006, p. 29&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Jeffreys, Elizabeth; Haarer, Fiona K. |title=Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies: London, 21–26 August, 2006, Volume 1 |page=29 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |date=30 September 2006 |isbn=075465740X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Muslim conquest o Persia|Arab Muslims conquered the empire]] in the seivent century CE. The [[Islamisation o Iran]] led tae the decline o [[Zoroastrianism]], that wis bi then the kintra's dominant releegion, an Iran's major contreibutions tae airt an science spreid within the Muslim rule in the [[Islamic Gowden Age]]. Efter twa centuries, [[Iranian Intermezzo|a period o various native Muslim dynasties]] begoud, that were later conquered bi the [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuq Turks]] an the [[Ilkhanate|Ilkhanate Mongols]]. The rise o the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavids]] in the 15t century led tae the reestablishment o a unifee'd Iranian state an naitional identity,&lt;ref name=&quot;Sarkhosh&quot;/&gt; wi [[Safavid conversion o Iran tae Shia Islam|the kintra's conversion tae Shia Islam]] merkin a turnin point in Iranian an [[History o Islam|Muslim history]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrew J. Newman 2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Andrew J. Newman|title=Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=afsYCq1XOewC|accessdate=21 June 2013|date=21 April 2006|publisher=I.B. Tauris|isbn=978-1-86064-667-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;savoryeiref&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |author=Savory, R. M. |title=Safavids |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |edition=2nd}}&lt;/ref&gt; Unner [[Nader Shah]], Iran wis ane o the maist pouerfu states in the 18t century,&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.nl&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9o0AAwAAQBAJ |title=The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant|author=Axworthy, Door Michael|date=2006|accessdate=27 May 2014|isbn=9780857721938}}&lt;/ref&gt; tho bi the 19t century, a series o [[Russo-Persie Wars|conflicts wi the Russian Empire]] led tae signeeficant territorial losses.{{sfn|Fisher|Avery|Hambly|Melville|1991|pp=329–330}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Timothy C. Dowling pp. 728-730&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Dowling, Timothy C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ |title=Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond |pages=728–730 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |date=2 December 2014 |isbn=1598849484}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Iranian Constitutional Revolution]] in the early 20t century led tae the establishment of a [[constitutional monarchy]] an the kintra's [[1st Iranian Majlis|first legislatur]]. A [[1953 Iranian coup d'état|1953 coup]] instigatit bi the [[Unitit Kinrick]] an the [[Unitit States]] resultit in greater autocracy an growin Wastren poleetical influence.&lt;ref name=&quot;Anthony H. Cordesman p 22&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=[[Anthony Cordesman|Cordesman, Anthony H.]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3j6sZyByv8EC |title=Iran's Military Forces in Transition: Conventional Threats and Weapons of Mass Destruction |page=22 |date=1999|isbn=9780275965297 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequent widespreid dissatisfaction an unrest against the monarchy led tae the [[1979 Revolution]] an the establishment o an [[Islamic republic]],&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Iran|title=Iran|year=2012|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=8 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; a poleetical seestem that includes elements o a [[representative democracy|pairlamentar democracy]] vettit an supervised bi a [[theocracy]] govrened bi an autocratic &quot;[[Supreme Leader o Iran|Supreme Leader]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=politicalsystem&gt;{{cite web|script-title=fa:قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران |url=http://fa.wikisource.org/wiki/قانون_اساسی_جمهوری_اسلامی_ایران |language=Persian |accessdate=23 January 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410011625/http://fa.wikisource.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86 |archivedate=10 April 2008 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the 1980s, the kintra wis engaged in [[Iran–Iraq War|a war wi Iraq]], that lastit for awmaist nine year an resultit in a heich nummer o casualties an economic losses for baith sides.

The [[sovereign state]] o Iran is a foondin member o the [[Unitit Naitions|UN]], [[Economic Cooperation Organization|ECO]], [[Non-Aligned Muivement|NAM]], [[Organisation o Islamic Cooperation|OIC]], an [[OPEC]]. It is a major [[regional pouer|regional]] an [[middle pouer]],&lt;ref name=&quot;parliament&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=The Committee Office, House of Commons |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmfaff/363/36310.htm |title=Select Committee on Foreign Affairs, Eighth Report, Iran |publisher=Publications.parliament.uk |accessdate=18 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;petro-hunt&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.petro-hunt.com/lectures/LectureOpen.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103021931/http://www.petro-hunt.com/lectures/LectureOpen.htm|archivedate=3 January 2010 |title=Iran @ 2000 and Beyond lecture series, opening address, W. Herbert Hunt, 18 May 2000 |accessdate=21 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; an its lairge reserves o [[fossil fuel]]s – that include the warld's lairgest [[Naitural gas reserves in Iran|naitural gas supply]] an the fowert lairgest pruiven [[ile reserves]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters.com_November_29_2015c&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/12/bp-reserves-idUSL5N0EO1I720130612 |title=UPDATE 3-BP cuts global gas reserves estimate, mostly for Russia |newspaper=Reuters.com |date=2013 |accessdate=29 November 2015 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924182038/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/12/bp-reserves-idUSL5N0EO1I720130612 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html |title=Iran |author=CIA World Factbook |accessdate=24 May 2018 |archive-date=2012-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203093100/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; – exert conseederable influence in [[Energy superpouer#Iran|internaitional energy security]] an the [[Leet o kintras bi GDP (PPP)|warld economy]].

The kintra's rich cultural legacy is reflectit in pairt bi its 22 [[Leet o Warld Heritage steids in Iran|UNESCO Warld Heritage steids]], the third lairgest nummer in Asie an 11t lairgest in the warld.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Heritage List |url= http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iran is a multicultural kintra comprisin [[Demografics o Iran|numerous ethnic an lingueestic groups]], the lairgest bein [[Persie fowk|Persies]] (61%), [[Azerbaijanis|Azeris]] (16%), [[Kurds]] (10%), an [[Lurs]] (6%).&lt;ref name=&quot;worldfactbook&quot;/&gt;

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

{{Turkic-speakin regions}}

{{coord|32|N|53|E|dim:1000km_type:country_region:IR|format=dms|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Iran| ]]
[[Category:6t-century BC establishments]]
[[Category:Kintras in Asie]]
[[Category:Developin 8 Kintras member states]]
[[Category:G15 naitions]]
[[Category:Iranian Plateau]]
[[Category:Islamic republics]]
[[Category:Member states o OPEC]]
[[Category:Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation]]
[[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]]
[[Category:Middle Eastren kintras]]
[[Category:Iranian kintras an territories]]
[[Category:Near Eastren kintras]]
[[Category:Persie-speakin countries an territories]]
[[Category:States an territories established in the 6t century BC]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1979]]
[[Category:Wastren Asie kintras]]


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  <page>
    <title>AC Frua</title>
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        <username>Cobra 3000</username>
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      <comment>Cleaned up airticle an pit in unsoorced banner</comment>
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      <text bytes="2133" sha1="gztc3ry6v4su5yi84xw19f70wcogj6l" xml:space="preserve">{{Unsoorced}}[[Image:Ac Frua Roadster.JPG|right|250px|1971 AC Frua]]

The '''AC Frua''' or '''AC 428''' is a [[Unitit Kinrick|Breetish]] [[Grand tourer|GT]] biggit bi [[AC Caurs]] frae 1965 tae 1973. With an Italian body, Breetish chassis, an American big block V-8 it is a true hybrid.  It is also extremely rare, with anerlie 81 caurs biggit in total: 49 [[coupé]]s (known as fastbacks), 29 [[convertible]]s, an 3 special bodied.

The Frua is aften confused wi the gey similar lookin [[Pietro Frua]] designed [[Maserati Mistral]].  However, anerlie the front quarter windaes an door handles ar shared.

==Heestory==
The Frua is biggit on an [[AC Cobra]] 427 Mark III race-bred coil springs chassis extended bi 6&amp;nbsp;inches (150&amp;nbsp;mm). Chassis wur biggit at the AC plant in [[Ingland]] then shipped tae Frua's workshop in [[Italy]] where the body wis fitted an then sent back tae Ingland tae hae the pouer train an trim added. The cost wis huge an the caurs coud na be sold at a competitive price. Unlike similar caurs such as the [[Iso Grifo]], [[Iso Rivolta]], an [[Monteverdi (caur)|Monteverdis]] an [[De Tomaso]]s o the period, the AC Frua features fully independent racin based coil spring suspension.

The AC Frua wis never fully developed because AC Caurs lacked the financial means. The caur's main drawback, common tae similarly-engined big-block [[Unitit States|U.S.]] [[muscle caur]]s o the period, is a tendency o the huge V-8's heat tae bleed into the cabin. This design flaw can be overcome bi uisin modern insulation on the firewall an unner the floor.

==Chassis==
[[Image:Ac Frua.JPG|thumb|left|1971 AC Frua convertible]]
Chassis construction wis similar tae maist Italian supercaurs o that era, wi squerr an rectangular tubin connectin the steel body tae the frame. Though the 4&amp;nbsp;inch (100&amp;nbsp;mm) tubular chassis allowed baith coupé an convertible versions tae be immensely rigid, the design wis intricate an prone tae rust.  The bonnets an boot lids wur fabricated frae aluminium.{{Commonscat|AC 428|AC Frua}}

[[Category:Sports car manufacturers]]
[[Category:Elmbridge]]
[[Category:AC vehicles|Frua]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Paavo Nikula</title>
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      <text bytes="1841" sha1="lir1xwi7x8p934sypihsso6rv9gwzfz" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Paavo nikula.jpeg|thumb|Paavo Nikula]]
'''Paavo Nikula''' (born 15 August 1942 in [[Helsinki]]; deed 28 December 2024) wis a umwhile [[Chancellor o Juistice o Finland]] an a umwhile Member o the [[Parliament o Finland]]. He served as the juistice meenister frae 1978-1979. He annoonced his resignation as Chancellor o Juistice on 26 April, 2007, effective at the end o Juin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.yle.fi/news/left/id58891.html|title= Chancellor of Justice to Leave Office|accessdate=2007-04-26 |date=2007-04-26|work=Yle.fi |publisher=[[YLE]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durin his term, Nikula voiced opposition tae a proposal that wad allou employers tae monitor the emails o their employees.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Chancellor+of+Justice+criticises+proposal+on+e-mail+monitoring+by+employers/1135221812508 |title=Chancellor of Justice criticises proposal on e-mail monitoring by employers |accessdate=2007-04-26 |work=Helsingin Sanomat International Edition |publisher=[[Helsingin Sanomat]] |archive-date=2007-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930041110/http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Chancellor+of+Justice+criticises+proposal+on+e-mail+monitoring+by+employers/1135221812508 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.chancellorofjustice.fi/index.html The Office o the Chancellor o Juistice] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408025036/http://www.chancellorofjustice.fi/index.html |date=2007-04-08 }}

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[[Category:Govrenment meenisters o Finland]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Indiana</title>
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      <text bytes="7059" sha1="ompmpl1nu75hb0upjtkhxgy9qfe9dpy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox U.S. state
|Name            = Indiana
|ElectoralVotes  = 11&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Electoral College Information|url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/2979.htm|website=in.gov|accessdate=12 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Fullname        = State o Indiana
|Flag            = Flag of Indiana.svg
|Flaglink        = [[Banner o Indiana|Banner]]
|Seal            = Indiana-StateSeal.svg
|Map = Indiana in United States.svg
|Nickname        = The [[Hoosier]] State
|Former          = Indiana Territory
|Demonym         = Hoosier
|Motto           = The Crossroads of America
|Capital         = [[Indianapolis]]
|LargestCity     = capital
|LargestMetro    = [[Indianapolis metropolitan area]]
|Governor        = [[Eric Holcomb]] ([[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|R]])
|Lieutenant Governor = [[Suzanne Crouch]] (R)
|Legislature     = [[Indiana General Assembly|General Assembly]]
|Upperhouse      = [[Indiana Senate]]
|Lowerhouse      = [[Indiana Hoose o Representatives]]

|Senators        = [[Todd Young]] (R)&lt;br /&gt;[[Joe Donnelly]] ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]])
|Representative  = 7 Republicans,&lt;br /&gt;2 Democrats
|PostalAbbreviation = IN
|TradAbbreviation = Ind.
|OfficialLang    = Inglis
|Languages       = Inglis, Spaingie, ither languages
|AreaRank        = 38t
|TotalAreaUS     = 36,418
|TotalArea       = 94,321
|LandAreaUS      = 35,868
|LandArea        = 92,897
|WaterAreaUS     = 550
|WaterArea       = 1,424
|PCWater         = 1.5
|PopRank         = 16t
|2010Pop         = 6,633,053 (2016 est)&lt;ref name=&quot;PopEstUS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv|format=CSV|title=Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015|date=December 24, 2015|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=December 24, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|DensityRank     = 16t
|2000DensityUS   = 182
|2000Density     = 70.2
|MedianHouseholdIncome=$51,983 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|work=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|accessdate=December 9, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|IncomeRank=35th
|Total GDP Rank  = 16th
|Total GDP       = 248,915 (2006)
|Per Capita GDP Rank = 33rd
|Per capita GDP  = 38,037 (2005)
|AdmittanceOrder = 19th
|AdmittanceDate  = December 11, 1816
|TimeZone        = [[Eastren Time Zone (North Americae)|Eastren]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Eastren Time Zone|−5]]/[[Eastren Daylicht Time|−4]]
|TZ1Where = [[Time in Indiana|80 coonties]]
|TimeZone2 = [[Central Time Zone (North Americae)|Central]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Central Staundart Time|−6]]/[[Central Daylicht Time|−5]]
|TZ2Where = [[Time in Indiana|12 coonties]] in&lt;br /&gt;[[Evansville]] Metro Area,&lt;br /&gt;[[Northwast Indiana|Gary Metro Area]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''For mair information,&lt;br /&gt;see [[Time in Indiana]]''&lt;/small&gt;
|Latitude        = 37° 46′ N tae 41° 46′ N
|Longitude       = 84° 47′ W tae 88° 6′ W
|WidthUS         = 140
|Width           = 225
|LengthUS        = 270
|Length          = 435
|HighestPoint = [[Hoosier Hill]]&lt;ref name=USGS&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/Elevations-Distances/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|accessdate=October 21, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NAVD88&gt;Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|HighestElevUS   = 1,257
|HighestElev     = 383
|MeanElevUS      = 700
|MeanElev        = 210
|LowestPoint     = Confluence o [[Ohio River]] an [[Wabash River]]&lt;ref name=USGS/&gt;&lt;ref name=NAVD88/&gt;
|LowestElevUS    = 320
|LowestElev      = 97
|ISOCode         = US-IN
|Website         = www.in.gov
}}
'''Indiana''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Indiana.ogg|ɪ|n|d|i|ˈ|æ|n|ə}}) is a [[U.S. state]] locatit in the [[Midwastren Unitit States|midwastren]] an [[Great Lochs region (North America)|Great Lochs]] regions o North Americae. Indiana is the 38t maistmuckle bi laund area an the 17t maist populous o the 50 Unitit States. Its caipital an maistmuckle city is [[Indianapolis]]. Indiana wis admittit tae the [[Unitit States]] as the 19t U.S. state on December 11, 1816. Indiana mairches [[Loch Michigan]] tae the northwast, [[Michigan]] tae the north, [[Ohio]] tae the east, [[Kentucky]] tae the sooth an sootheast, an [[Illinois]] tae the wast.

Afore becomin a territory, vairyin cultures o [[indigenous fowks]] an historic [[Indigenous fowks o the Americas|Native Americans]] inhabitit Indiana for thoosands o years. Syne its foondin as a territory, settlement patterns in Indiana hae reflectit regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastren Unitit States; the state's northrenmaist tier wis settled primarily bi fowk frae New Ingland an New York, Central Indiana bi migrants frae the Mid-Atlantic states an frae adjacent Ohio, an [[Soothren Indiana]] bi settlers frae the Soothren states, pairteecularly Kentucky an Tennessee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/286017/Indiana/279873/Settlement-patterns-and-demographic-trends|title=Indiana – Settlement patterns and demographic trends|publisher=eb.com|author1=William Vincent D'Antonio |author2=Robert L. Beck |accessdate=January 3, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Economy o Indiana|Indiana haes a diverse economy]] wi a gross state product o $341.9&amp;nbsp;billion in 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;bea.gov&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bea.gov/regional/bearfacts/pdf.cfm?fips=18000&amp;areatype=STATE&amp;geotype=3|title=Gross Domestic Product by State|last=|first=|date=May 11, 2017|website=bea.gov|publisher=U. S. Bureau of Economic Analysis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906224541/https://www.bea.gov/regional/bearfacts/pdf.cfm?fips=18000&amp;areatype=STATE&amp;geotype=3|archive-date=2017-09-06|dead-url=|accessdate=September 6, 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indiana haes several metropolitan areas wi populations greater nor 100,000 an a nummer o smawer industrial ceeties an touns. Indiana is hame tae perfaisional sport teams, includin the [[National Football League|NFL]]'s [[Indianapolis Colts]] an the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]'s [[Indiana Pacers]], an hosts several notable athletic events, sic as the [[Indianapolis 500]] an [[Brickyard 400]] [[motorsports]] [[auto racin|races]].

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
;State govrenment
* [http://www.in.gov/core/ Indiana state govrenment wabsteid]

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[[Category:Indiana| ]]
[[Category:Midwestern Unitit States]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1816]]
[[Category:States o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:U.S. states wi multiple time zones]]
[[Category:1816 establishments in the Unitit States]]

{{Stub/USA}}</text>
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      <text bytes="523" sha1="64uj7hklaznlcw1hhtp8h7fmg0afppo" xml:space="preserve">{{Saundpit heidin}}&lt;!--
*               Walcome tae the sandbox!             *
*            Please leave this pairt alane           *
*           The page is reddit on the reglar         *
*     Feel free tae try yer editin skills ablo       *
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■--&gt;
Many people in the United States celebrate Christmas Day on December 25. The day celebrates Jesus Christ's birth.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Inter Milan</title>
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      <text bytes="10658" sha1="c73g1a6m3cf9f4ite7gzc9gg8fwhskr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Inter
| fullname = Football Club Internazionale Milano [[Jynt-stock company|S.p.A.]]
| image = FC Internazionale Milano 2021.svg
| image_size = 190px
| current = {{Italian football updater|Internazionale4}}
| nickname = {{unbulleted list|''I Nerazzurri'' (The Black an Blues)|''La Beneamata'' (The Cherished Ane)|''Il Biscione'' (The Big Grass Snake)|''Baüscia'' (leeterally &quot;spitters&quot; but figuratively &quot;boasters&quot; in [[Lombard leid]])}}
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1908|3|9}}
| ground = [[San Siro|Giuseppe Meazza]]
| capacity = 80,018
| owner    = Suning Holdings Group
| chrtitle = President
| chairman = Steven Zhang
| manager = Simone Inzaghi
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| league = {{Italian football updater|Internazionale}}
| season = {{Italian football updater|Internazionale2}}
| position = {{Italian football updater|Internazionale3}}
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'''Football Club Internazionale Milano''',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.inter.it/en/organigramma |title=Organization Chart |website=FC Internazionale Milano – Official Website |accessdate=6 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; commonly referred tae as '''Internazionale''' ({{IPA-it|internatt͡sjoˈnaːle|pron}}) or simply '''Inter''', an colloquially kent as '''Inter Milan''' ootside o Italy,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/05/24/inter-milan-arrives-jakarta-prepare-two-friendlies.html |title=Inter Milan arrives in Jakarta to prepare for two friendlies |work=The Jakarta Post |accessdate=25 July 2013|date=24 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a profeesional [[fitbaw in Italy|Italian fitbaw]] club based in [[Milan]], Lombardy. They are the anerly club tae hae spent [[:en:List of unrelegated association football clubs|their entire history]] in the top flicht o Italian fitbaw, kent as [[Serie A]], which stairtit in 1929–1930.

Inter hae wan 31 domestic trophies, includin the [[Serie A|league]] 19 times, the [[Coppa Italia]] seiven times an the [[Supercoppa Italiana]] five times. Frae 2006 tae 2010, the club wan five successive league titles, equallin the aw-time record.&lt;ref name=&quot;Italy – List of Champions&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/italchamp.html%7Cpublisher=RSSSF|publisher=RSSSF|title=Italy – List of Champions}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; They hae wan the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] three times: twa back-tae-back in [[1964 European Cup Final|1964]] an [[1965 European Cup Final|1965]] an then anither in [[2010 UEFA Champions League Final|2010]], the last completit a unprecedentit (for an Italian team) [[Treble (association fitbaw)|continental treble]] wi the Coppa Italia an the Scudetto.&lt;ref name=&quot;treble&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1490968.html | title=Inter join exclusive treble club | work=uefa.com | accessdate=9 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The club haes wan three [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cups]], twa [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cups]] an ane [[FIFA Club Warld Cup]].

==First team squad==
{{updated|31 8 2021.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= FC Internazionale Milano squad |url=http://www.inter.it/en/coversquadra}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{football squad start}}
{{football squad player |no=1  |nat=SVN |pos=GK |name=[[Samir Handanović]] |other= [[captain (association football)|captain]] }}
{{football squad player |no=2  
|nat=NED
|pos=DF
|name= [[Denzel Dumfries]] }}
{{football squad player |no=5 |nat=ITA |pos=MF |name=[[Roberto Gagliardini]] }}
{{football squad player |no=6  |nat=NED |pos=DF |name=[[Stefan de Vrij]] }}
{{football squad player |no=7  |nat=CHI |pos=FW |name=[[Alexis Sánchez]] |other= }}
{{football squad player |no=8  |nat=URU |pos=MF |name=[[Matías Vecino]] }}
{{football squad player |no=9  
|nat=BIH
|pos=FW |name=[[Edin Dzeko]] }}
{{football squad player |no=10 |nat=ARG |pos=FW |name=[[Lautaro Martínez]] }}
{{football squad player |no=12 |nat=ITA |pos=MF |name=[[Stefano Sensi]]  }}
{{football squad player |no=13 |nat=ITA |pos=DF |name=[[Andrea Ranocchia]] |other=[[Captain (association football)|vice-captain]] }}
{{football squad player |no= 14
|nat= CRO
|pos= MF
|name= [[Ivan Perisic]]}}
{{football squad player |no=19 
|nat= ARG
|pos= FW 
|name= [[Joaquin Correa]]|other: on loan }}
{{football squad player |no= 20
|nat= TUR
|pos= MF
|name= [[Hakan Çalhanoğlu]] }}
{{football squad player |no=23 |nat=ITA |pos=MF |name=[[Nicolò Barella]] |other=}}
{{football squad player |no=24 |nat=DEN |pos=MF |name=[[Christian Eriksen]] }}
{{football squad player |no=33 |nat=ITA |pos=DF |name=[[Danilo D'Ambrosio]] }}
{{football squad player |no= 36
|nat=ITA |pos=DF |name= [[Matteo Darmian]]}}
{{football squad player |no=37 |nat=SVK |pos=DF |name=[[Milan Škriniar]] }}
{{football squad player |no=77 |nat=CRO |pos=MF |name=[[Marcelo Brozović]] }}
{{football squad player |no=95 |nat=ITA |pos=DF |name=[[Alessandro Bastoni]] }}
{{football squad player
|no= 97
|nat=ROU
|pos=GK
|name= [[Ionut Radu]] }}
{{football squad end}}

==Honours==

===Naitional titles===
'''[[Serie A]]:'''
:*'''Winners (19)''': [[Italian Football Championship 1909–10|1909–10]], [[Italian Football Championship 1919–20|1919–20]], [[1929–30 Serie A|1929–30]], [[1937–38 Serie A|1937–38]], [[1939–40 Serie A|1939–40]], [[1952–53 Serie A|1952–53]], [[1953–54 Serie A|1953–54]], [[1962–63 Serie A|1962–63]], [[1964–65 Serie A|1964–65]], [[1965–66 Serie A|1965–66]], [[1970–71 Serie A|1970–71]], [[1979–80 Serie A|1979–80]], [[1988–89 Serie A|1988–89]], [[2005–06 Serie A|2005–06]],{{#tag:ref|This title was awarded through the courts following the Calciopoli scandal.|group=&quot;nb&quot;}} [[2006–07 Serie A|2006–07]], [[2007–08 Serie A|2007–08]], [[2008–09 Serie A|2008–09]], 2009–10
:*Runners-up (13): [[1932–33 Serie A|1932–33]], [[1933–34 Serie A|1933–34]], [[1934–35 Serie A|1934–35]], [[1940–41 Serie A|1940–41]], [[1948–49 Serie A|1948–49]], [[1950–51 Serie A|1950–51]], [[1961–62 Serie A|1961–62]], [[1963–64 Serie A|1963–64]], [[1966–67 Serie A|1966–67]], [[1969–70 Serie A|1969–70]], [[1992–93 Serie A|1992–93]], [[2002–03 Serie A|2002–03]], 2010/11, 2020/21

[[File:Consegna Coppa Italia. Inter-Roma 11 05 2006.jpg|thumb|Inter won the [[2004–05 Coppa Italia]], beating [[A.S. Roma]].]]
'''[[Coppa Italia]]:'''
:*'''Winners (7)''': 1938–39, [[1977–78 Coppa Italia|1977–78]], 1981–82, [[2004–05 Coppa Italia|2004–05]], [[2005–06 Coppa Italia|2005–06]], [[2009–10 Coppa Italia|2009–10]], 2010–11
:*Runners-up (6): 1958–59, 1964–65, 1976–77, [[Coppa Italia 1999–2000|1999–00]], [[2006–07 Coppa Italia|2006–07]], 2007–08

'''[[Supercoppa Italiana]]:'''
:*'''Winners (5)''': [[1989 Supercoppa Italiana|1989]], [[2005 Supercoppa Italiana|2005]], [[2006 Supercoppa Italiana|2006]], [[2008 Supercoppa Italiana|2008]], 2010
:*Runners-up (4): [[2000 Supercoppa Italiana|2000]], [[2007 Supercoppa Italiana|2007]], [[2009 Supercoppa Italiana|2009]], 2011

===Internaitional titles===
The follaein titles include anerly those recognisit bi [[UEFA]] an [[FIFA]].

====Warld-wide titles====
'''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]:'''{{#tag:ref|Up till 2004, the main tournament tae determine fitbaw's Warld Champions wis the [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Champions Club' Cup]] (so cried ''European / Sooth American Cup''); syne then, it haes been the ''[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]''.|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}
:*'''Winners (2)''': [[1964 Intercontinental Cup|1964]], 1965

'''[[Intercontinental Supercup]]:'''
:*Runners-up (1): [[1968 Intercontinental Supercup|1968]]

'''[[FIFA Club World Cup]]:'''
:*'''Winners (1)''': [[2010 FIFA Club World Cup|2010]]

====European titles====
'''[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]]:'''
:*'''Winners (3)''': [[1963–64 European Cup|1963–64]], [[1964–65 European Cup|1964–65]], 2009–10
:*Runners-up (2): [[1966–67 European Cup|1966–67]], 1971–72

'''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]:'''
:*'''Winners (3)''': [[1990–91 UEFA Cup|1990–91]], [[1993–94 UEFA Cup|1993–94]], 1997–98
:*Runners-up (1): [[1996–97 UEFA Cup|1996–97]]

'''[[UEFA Super Cup]]:'''
:*Runners-up (1): [[2010 UEFA Super Cup|2010]]

====Ither====
*'''[[Amsterdam Tournament]]:'''
**Runners-up (3): [[2003 Amsterdam Tournament|2003]], [[2006 Amsterdam Tournament|2006]], 2008

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Inter Milan}}
* {{Official website|http://www.inter.it}} {{it icon}} {{en icon}} {{es icon}} {{cn icon}} {{ar icon}} {{jp icon}} {{id icon}}
* {{Facebook|Inter|FC Internazionale Milano}}
* {{Twitter|Inter_en|FC Internazionale Milano}}
* {{Instagram|inter|FC Internazionale Milano}}
* {{youtube user|INTER|FC Internazionale Milano}}
* [http://www.uefa.com/footballeurope/club=50138/domestic.html UEFA Club Wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123110013/http://www.uefa.com/footballeurope/club=50138/domestic.html |date=2010-01-23 }}
* [http://www.lega-calcio.it/it/Serie-A-TIM/Squadre/Inter/Organigramma.page Lega Calcio Club Wabsteid]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Internazionale}}
[[Category:Commons category wi local airtin different nor on Wikidata]]
[[Category:Inter Milan|FC Internazionale Milano ]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Italy]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lombardy]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Milan]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1908]]
[[Category:Italian fitbaw First Diveesion clubs]]
[[Category:Serie A clubs]]
[[Category:Scudetto winners]]
[[Category:Coppa Italia winners]]
[[Category:G-14 clubs]]
[[Category:1908 establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:Unrelegatit association fitbaw clubs]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>S.S.C. Napoli</title>
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      <text bytes="5339" sha1="67dq0fdmhkmazmdthzb1vv34njajkvk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
|clubname = Napoli
|image = [[File:SSC Napoli 2024 (deep blue navy).svg|190px]]
|fullname = Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli S.p.A.
|nickname = ''Partenopei''&lt;br&gt;''Gli [[Blue|Azzurri]]'' (The Blues)&lt;br&gt; ''I Ciucciarelli'' (The Little Donkeys)
|founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1926|08|01}}&lt;br&gt;as ''Associazione Calcio Napoli''
|ground = [[Stadio San Paolo]], Naples
|capacity = 60,240
|chrtitle = Preses
|owner    = [[Filmauro|Filmauro S.r.l.]]
|chairman = [[Aurelio De Laurentiis]]
|mgrtitle = Heid coach
| manager = [[Luciano Spalletti]]
|league = {{Italian football updater|Napoli}}
|season = {{Italian football updater|Napoli2}}
|position = {{Italian football updater|Napoli3}}
|current = {{Italian football updater|Napoli4}}
|website = http://www.sscnapoli.it
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'''Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli''', commonly referred tae as '''Napoli''' ({{IPA-it|ˈnaːpoli|pron}}), is a profeesional [[Fitbaa in Italy|Italian fitbaw]] club based in [[Naples]]. The club haes spent maist o its history in [[Serie A]],&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.sscnapoli.it/static/content/History-81.aspx|language=Inglis|title=History|date=1 October 2014|access-date=2014-10-01|archive-date=2014-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223100704/http://www.sscnapoli.it/static/content/History-81.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; whaur it currently plays. Napoli haes wan Serie A thrise, in [[1986–87 Serie A|1986–87]], [[1989–90 Serie A|1989–90]] an [[2022–23 Serie A|2022–23]].&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;/&gt; They hae wan the [[Coppa Italia]] sax times an the [[Supercoppa Italiana]] twis, an on the European stage hae wan the [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]] in [[1988–89 UEFA Cup|1988–89]]. Napoli is an aa the maist successful club in [[Soothren Italy]] an the fowert maist supportit fitbaw club in Italy.&lt;ref name=&quot;tifo&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.demos.it/a00756.php|title=Il tifo calcistico in Italia – Settembre 2012|language=Italian|date=September 2012|accessdate=18 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The club is rankit as the [[Deloitte Football Money League|fift]] maist valuable fitbaw club in Serie A (an twinty-seicont warldwide) in terms o annual revenue, generatin €116.4 million durin the 2013 financial year.

==Honours==

===Naitional titles===
* '''[[Serie A]]'''
:*'''Winners (3):''' [[1986–87 Serie A|1986–87]], [[1989–90 Serie A|1989–90]], [[2022–23 Serie A|2022–23]]
:*Runners-up (8): [[1967–68 Serie A|1967–68]], [[1974–75 Serie A|1974–75]], [[1987–88 Serie A|1987–88]], [[1988–89 Serie A|1988–89]], [[2012–13 Serie A|2012–13]], [[2015-16 Serie A|2015-16]], [[2017-18 Serie A|2017-18]], [[2018-19 Serie A|2018-19]]
* '''[[Coppa Italia]]'''
:*'''Winners (6):''' [[1961–62 Coppa Italia|1961–62]], [[1975–76 Coppa Italia|1975–76]], [[1986–87 Coppa Italia|1986–87]], [[2011–12 Coppa Italia|2011–12]], [[2013–14 Coppa Italia|2013–14]], [[2019–20 Coppa Italia|2019–20]]
:*Runners-up (4): [[Coppa Italia 1971-72|1971–72]], [[Coppa Italia 1977-78|1977–78]], [[Coppa Italia 1988-89|1988–89]], [[1996–97 Coppa Italia|1996–97]]
* '''[[Supercoppa Italiana]]'''
:*'''Winners (2):''' [[1990 Supercoppa Italiana|1990]], [[2014 Supercoppa Italiana|2014]]
:*Runners-up (2): [[2012 Supercoppa Italiana|2012]], [[2020 Supercoppa Italiana|2020]]
* '''[[Serie B]]'''
:*'''Winners (2):''' [[1945–46 Serie A-B|1945–46]] (Serie A-B Southern Italy co-champions with [[A.S. Bari|Bari]]), [[1949–50 Serie B|1949–50]]
:*Runners-up (4): [[1961–62 Serie B|1961–62]], [[1964-65 Serie B|1964–65]], [[1999–2000 Serie B|1999–00]], [[2006–07 Serie B|2006–07]]
* '''[[Serie C1]]'''
:*'''Winners (1):''' [[2005–06 Serie C1|2005–06]]

===European titles===
* '''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]'''
:*'''Winners (1):''' [[1988–89 UEFA Cup|1988–89]]

* '''[[Anglo-Italian League Cup]]'''
:*'''Winners (1):''' 1976

* '''[[Cup o Alps]]'''
:*'''Winners (1):''' 1966

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons|S.S.C. Napoli}}
*{{Official website|http://www.sscnapoli.it/}} {{it icon}} {{en icon}} {{es icon}} {{zh icon}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Napoli}}
[[Category:S.S.C. Napoli| ]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1926]]
[[Category:Scudetto winners]]
[[Category:Coppa Italia winners]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Campanie]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Italy]]
[[Category:Italian fitbaw First Diveesion clubs]]
[[Category:Serie A clubs]]
[[Category:Serie B clubs]]
[[Category:Lega Pro Prima Divisione clubs]]
[[Category:Sport in Naples]]
[[Category:1926 establishments in Italy]]</text>
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[[File:רכבת העמק - מעבירי מים והסוללה - צומת העמקים - עמק יזרעאל והגלבוע (54).JPG|thumb|Track]]
The '''track''' on a [[railwey]], kent as the '''permanent way''' an aw, is the structur consistin o the rails, fasteners, [[sleepers]], an [[Track ballast|ballast]] (or slab track), plus the unnerlyin [[subgrade]].

[[Category:Permanent wey| ]]
[[Category:Railwey track layoots]]
[[Category:Railwey lines]]
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  <page>
    <title>Fred Rogers</title>
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      <text bytes="28049" sha1="bg1cbny6kfs0chwko7tqnzmo51joqr8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = Fred Rogers
| image              = Fred Rogers 2002.jpg
| caption            = Rogers at the [[White House]], 2002
| birth_name         = Fred McFeely Rogers
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1928|3|20}}
| birth_place        = [[Latrobe, Pennsylvanie|Latrobe]], [[Pennsylvanie]], [[Unitit States|U.S.]]
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|2003|2|27|1928|3|20}}
| death_place        = [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania, U.S.
| other_names        = Mister Rogers
| spouse             = {{marriage|Joanne Byrd|June 9, 1952}}
| children           = 2
| occupation         = Children's televeesion presenter, actor, puppeteer, sanger, composer, televeesion producer, author, educator, Presbyterian minister
| years_active       = 1951–2001
| signature          = FredRogersSignature.svg
}}
'''Fred McFeely Rogers''' (20 Mairch 1928&amp;nbsp;– 27 Februar 2003) wis an American [[televeesion personality]], muisicker, [[puppeteer]], writer, [[televeesion producer|producer]], an [[Presbyterian]] meenister. He wis kent as the creautor, componer, producer, heid writer, an host o the preschuil telly series ''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]'' frae 1968 till his reteerment in 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jackson Emmanuel 2016 p. 27&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last=Jackson | first=K.M. | last2=Emmanuel | first2=S.M. | title=Revisiting Mister Rogers' Neighborhood: Essays on Lessons About Self and Community | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-0-7864-7296-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbKaCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT35 | access-date=2018-10-31 | page=27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rogers wisna happy wi the telly shaws that childer war seein. He begoud tae write an perform local [[Pittsburgh]]-airt programmes for bairns. In 1968, [[American Public Television|Eastern Educational Television Network]] begoud naitionwide [[distribution]] o Rogers's new show on [[WQED (TV)|WQED]]. For thirty years, Rogers becam a telly icon o childer's enterteenment an eddication.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sostek&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09310/1011221-53.stm|title=Mr. Rogers takes rightful place at riverside tribute|last=Sostek|first=Anya|date=November 6, 2009|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|accessdate=September 6, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Early life==
Rogers wis born in [[Latrobe, Pennsylvania]] tae James Rogers an Nancy McFeely.&lt;ref name=&quot;EarlyLife&quot;/&gt; His faither wis a businessman.&lt;ref name=&quot;EarlyLife&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Early Life | website=Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning &amp; Children's Media | url=http://www.fredrogerscenter.org/about-us/about-fred/early-life/ | access-date=2018-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; His mither came frae a rich Pittsburgh faimily an wis a hospital volunteer durin an efter [[World War II]].&lt;ref name=&quot;King 2018 p. &quot;&gt;{{cite book | last=King | first=M. | title=The Good Neighbor: The Life and Work of Fred Rogers | publisher=ABRAMS | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-68335-349-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aNdQDwAAQBAJ | access-date=2018-10-30 | page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; His grandfaither frae his mither's side, Fred McFeely, wis the preses o McFeely Brick, ane o Latrobe’s lairgest businesses.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes 2003&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=It's a Sad Day in This Neighborhood | website=latimes | date=2003-02-28 | url=http://articles.latimes.com/2003/feb/28/local/me-rogers28 | access-date=2018-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rogers grew up in a lairge brick mansion at 737 Weldon Street in Latrobe.&lt;ref name=&quot;King 2018 p. &quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;VisitPA &amp;#124; #visitPA 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=The Fred Rogers Trail | website=VisitPA &amp;#124; #visitPA | date=2018-06-28 | url=https://visitpa.com/fredrogers | access-date=2018-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

While studyin at [[Rollins College]], Rogers met Sara Joanne Byrd who wis frae [[Oakland, Florida]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://old.post-gazette.com/localnews/20031225closeup1225p3.asp|title=As promised, Joanne Rogers is doing 'fine'| last= Vancheri| first= Barbara|date= December 25, 2003|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|accessdate= December 22, 2017| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20171222012913/http://old.post-gazette.com/localnews/20031225closeup1225p3.asp|archivedate= December 22, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thay war marrit on Juin 9, 1952.&lt;ref name=&quot;UXL Newsmakers&quot;&gt;{{cite news | title = Fred McFeely Rogers | work = UXL Newsmakers (2005) | via = Find Articles | url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5221/is_2005/ai_n19141599 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080924091932/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5221/is_2005/ai_n19141599 | dead-url = yes | archive-date = September 24, 2008 | accessdate = December 13, 2007 | year=2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thay haed tae sons: James, in 1959, an John, in 1961.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vancheri&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url= http://www.post-gazette.com/localnews/20030504rogers0504p1.asp| title= Pittsburgh bids farewell to Fred Rogers with moving public tribute| last1= Vancheri| first1= Barbara| first2= Rob| last2= Owen| date= May 4, 2003| work= [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]| accessdate= July 30, 2010| archive-date= 2012-01-21| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120121080710/http://www.post-gazette.com/localnews/20030504rogers0504p1.asp| url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Early career==
Rogers enterit [[seminary]] efter college but wantit tae work wi telly.&lt;ref name=&quot;Junod&quot;/&gt; In an interview wi [[CNN]], Rogers said, &quot;I went into televeesion because I hatit it so, an I thought there's some way of usin this fabulous instrument to nurture those who would watch an listen&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.salon.com/people/bc/1999/08/10/rogers/index.html |last=Millman |first=Joyce |title=Salon Brilliant Careers: Fred Rogers |date=August 10, 1999 |work=[[Salon (website)|Salon]]  |accessdate=July 30, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101218225859/http://www.salon.com/people/bc/1999/08/10/rogers/index.html |archivedate= December 18, 2010  }}&lt;/ref&gt; He applit for a job at [[NBC]] in [[New York Ceety]] in 1951 an workit first as an assistant producer, an later as a network floor director on muisical programs sic as ''[[Your Hit Parade]]'', ''[[Kate Smith|The Kate Smith Hour]]'', an ''[[The Voice o Firestone]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freshair&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title =Terry Gross and Fred Rogers | work =[[Fresh Air with Terry Gross]] | publisher =[[NPR]] | date = February 28, 2003 | url =https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1178498 | accessdate =September 29, 2016 }} Show originally aired 1985&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;VegTimes&quot;&gt;{{cite news| last = Obis | first = Paul | title =America's Favorite Neighbor | work = [[Vegetarian Times]] | pages = 22–26 | date = November 1983}}&lt;/ref&gt; He workit on [[Gabby Hayes]]'s bairns programme.&lt;ref name=&quot;Washington Post 1982&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=In the Land of Make Believe, The Real Mister Rogers | website=Washington Post | date=1982-11-18 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1982/11/18/in-the-land-of-make-believe-the-real-mister-rogers/7ca0e14f-5f91-48e0-932c-898e24970890/ | access-date=2018-10-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ''Mister Rogers' Neighborhood'' ==
''Mister Rogers' Neighborhood'' began in 1968 an ran for 895 episodes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnny Costa Pittsburghs Legendary Jazz Pianist&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Filming Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood | website=Johnny Costa Pittsburgh's Legendary Jazz Pianist | url=http://www.johnnycosta.com/mister-rogers-neighborhood/filming-mister-rogers-neigh.html | access-date=2018-10-30 | archive-date=2018-11-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106004223/http://www.johnnycosta.com/mister-rogers-neighborhood/filming-mister-rogers-neigh.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; It airit on [[National Educational Television]], which later became [[PBS|The Public Broadcasting Service]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Hart 1968&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Hart | first=Ron | title=The Music of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood and Johnny Costa | website=JazzTimes | date=1968-02-19 | url=https://jazztimes.com/features/fred-rogers-neighborhood-music/ | access-date=2018-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; The last set o new episodes wis tapit in Decembar 2000 an began airin in Decembar 2001.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/SHOWBIZ/TV/08/31/rogers.finale/index.html|title=Mr. Rogers says goodbye -- for now|publisher=CNN|date=August 31, 2001|accessdate=November 2, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bi 1985, aicht percent o fowk livin in the Unitit States watchit the show.&lt;ref name=&quot;DeFranceso&quot; /&gt; 
The program anyways started with Rogers coming home, singin his theme sang &quot;Won't You Be My Neighbor?&quot;, an changin intae sneakers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Television Academy Interviews 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Fred Rogers | website=Television Academy Interviews | date=2018-01-01 | url=https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/fred-rogers | access-date=2018-10-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his show, Rogers wad ayeweys gang on trips, teach new things an other words on &quot;Picture, Picture&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Detroit News 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=DPTV celebrates 50th anniversary of ‘Mr. Rogers’ | website=Detroit News | date=2018-02-23 | url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/entertainment/television/2018/02/22/review-mr-rogers-like/110729350/ | access-date=2018-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning &amp; Children's Media&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=100 Billionth Crayola Crayon | website=Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning &amp; Children's Media | url=http://www.fredrogerscenter.org/portfolio_page/100-billionth-crayola-crayon/ | access-date=2018-10-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Each episode includit a trip tae Rogers's &quot;[[House of Horror]]&quot; wi a [[trolley]], a trouble for Halloween.&lt;ref name=&quot;Collins Kimmel 1997 p. &quot;&gt;{{cite book | last=Collins | first=M. | last2=Kimmel | first2=M.M. | title=Mister Rogers Neighborhood: Children Television And Fred Rogers | publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press | year=1997 | isbn=978-0-8229-8008-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9DZBAAAQBAJ | access-date=2018-10-30 | page=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rogers ayeweys fed his [[aquarium]] fish durin episodes an wad ayeweys say this tae his audience he wis feedin them acause he receivit a letter frae a youn blind girl who wantit tae know each time he did this.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rogers 1996 p. &quot;&gt;{{cite book | last=Rogers | first=F. | title=Dear Mr. Rogers, Does It Ever Rain in Your Neighborhood?: Letters to Mr. Rogers | publisher=Penguin Publishing Group | year=1996 | isbn=978-1-101-16169-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_P4oyB1zeT4C | access-date=2018-10-30 | page=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HuffPost 2013&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=WATCH: This Is Why We Will Always Love Mr. Rogers | website=HuffPost | date=2013-04-10 | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/10/mr-rogers-feeding-fish_n_3056392.html | access-date=2018-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; The program wad end wi Rogers wingin &quot;It's Such a Good Feelin&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Retro Junk&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Mister Rogers' Neighborhood Credit Videos | website=Retro Junk | url=https://www.retrojunk.com/content/child/credits/page/4893/mister-rogers-neighborhood/9 | access-date=2018-10-26 | archive-date=2018-10-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027021713/https://www.retrojunk.com/content/child/credits/page/4893/mister-rogers-neighborhood/9 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rogers believit nae tae act differently when he wis bein filmit an how he acted normally, sayin that &quot;One of the greatest gifts you can give anybody is the gift o your honest self. I also believe that kids can spot a phony a mile away&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Owen 2000&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/tv/20001112rogers2.asp|last=Owen|first=Rob|date=November 12, 2000|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Magazine|accessdate=March 20, 2011|title=There goes the Neighborhood: Mister Rogers will make last episodes of show in December}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rogers wrote awmaist aw o the muisic on the program.&lt;ref name=songs&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/ae/music/2018/02/19/Joe-Negri-Fred-Rogers-composer-Neighborhood-music-jazz-Rollins-College-Johnny-Costa/stories/201802070135|title=The Music of Mister Rogers|publisher=Pittsburgh Gazette|accessdate=November 2, 2018|date=February 22, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wantit tae teach childer tae luve themselves an others, an he talkit aboot common childhood fears wi comfortin sangs.&lt;ref name=songs/&gt; He ance teuk a trip tae a childer's hospital tae show childer that a hospital is nae a place tae fear.&lt;ref name=&quot;WOUB Digital 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=WOUB-HD to Air 'Mr. Rogers: It's You I Like' March 6 | website=WOUB Digital | date=2018-03-02 | url=https://woub.org/2018/03/02/woub-hd-air-mr-rogers-like-march-6/ | access-date=2018-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rogers wad talk aboot social issues on his program includin the [[Assassination Robert F. Kennedy|assassination]] of [[Robert F. Kennedy]], racism an divorce.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meek 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Meek | first=Tom | title='Won't You Be My Neighbor?' Frames Mr. Rogers As A Man On A Mission | website=WBUR | date=2018-06-05 | url=http://www.wbur.org/artery/2018/06/05/wont-you-be-my-neighbor-mr-rogers | access-date=2018-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ane famous episode, Rogers soakit his feet wi Officer Clemmons ([[François Clemmons]]), who wis African-Americain, in a kiddie pool on a het day.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blickley 2018&quot;/&gt; The scene wis a message o inclusion durin a time when racial [[segregation]] in the Unitit States wis common.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blickley 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Blickley | first=Leigh | title=The Gay ‘Ghetto Boy’ Who Bonded With Mister Rogers And Changed The Neighborhood | website=HuffPost | date=2018-06-08 | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/mister-rogers-francois-clemmons_us_5b15a5b6e4b014707d275904 | access-date=2018-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rogers wis kent for havin bairns wi disabilities on his programme.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guideposts 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=How 'Mister Rogers' Neighborhood' Championed Children With Disabilities | website=Guideposts | date=2018-10-15 | url=https://www.guideposts.org/inspiration/inspiring-stories/how-mister-rogers-neighborhood-championed-children-with-disabilities | access-date=2018-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a 1981 episode, Rogers met a young [[quadriplegic]] boy, [[Jeff Erlanger]], who showit how his electric wheelchair workit an explainit why he needed it.&lt;ref name=JEO&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2007/06/14/Obituary-Jeffrey-Erlanger-Quadriplegic-who-endeared-himself-to-Mister-Rogers/stories/200706140325|title=Obituary: Jeffrey Erlanger / Quadriplegic who endeared himself to Mister Rogers|publisher=Pittsburgh Gazette|accessdate=November 1, 2018|date=June 14, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Erlanger an Rogers baith sang a duet o the sang &quot;It's You I Like&quot;.&lt;ref name=JEO/&gt; Afore the tapin, Erlanger haed lang been a fan o the program, an his parents wrote a letter tae Rogers askin if thay coud meet.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guideposts 2018&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news| url= http://ew.com/tv/2017/05/23/remembering-mr-rogers/|title=Remembering Mr. Rogers, a True-Life 'Helper' When the World Still Needs One| work= EW.com|access-date=2018-03-08|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rogers never talkit aboot his religious beliefs on the show acause he did nae want ony viewer tae feel ignored frae the show.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Salt Lake Tribune 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=The surprising success - and faith - of Mister Rogers and ‘Won’t You Be My Neighbor?’ | website=The Salt Lake Tribune | date=2018-07-13 | url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/2018/07/13/surprising-success/ | access-date=2018-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durin the [[Gulf War]], he comfortit his audience that aw childer in the neighborhood wad be well carit for an askit parents tae promise tae tak care of thair childer.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet Archive 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=PBS Public Service Announcement with mister rogers : NeighborhoodVideo : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive | website=Internet Archive | date=2017-10-17 | url=https://archive.org/details/youtube-7neOF2nfOgs | access-date=2018-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Efter the [[9/11|September 11 terrorist attacks]], Rogers tapit public service announcements for parents aboot how tae discuss tragic world news events wi thair childer, tellin them tae &quot;look for the helpers&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Mr. Rogers' words of comfort revived in wake of tragedy | website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | date=2012-12-18 | url=http://www.post-gazette.com/local/region/2012/12/18/Mr-Rogers-words-of-comfort-revived-in-wake-of-tragedy/stories/201212180162 | access-date=2018-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; The quote continues tae gang viral followin tragic news events.&lt;ref name=&quot;HuffPost 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Why Mister Rogers' Plea To 'Look For The Helpers' Still Resonates Today | website=HuffPost | date=2018-06-08 | url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mister-rogers-look-for-the-helpers-quote_n_5b19477ce4b0599bc6e15b4e | access-date=2018-10-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== PBS fundin ==
[[File:Fred Rogers testifies before the Senate Subcommittee on Communications, 1969.ogv|thumb|right|210px|Rogers testifyin afore the [[Unitit States Senate]] aboot [[PBS]] fundin, 1969]]
In 1969, Rogers appearit afore the [[Unitit States Senate]] [[Unitit States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, an the Internet|Subcommittee on Communications]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SenateHearing&quot;/&gt; His goal wis tae ask the Senate tae support fundin for [[PBS]] an the [[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]], acause proposit budget cuts.&lt;ref name=&quot;SenateHearing&quot;/&gt; In aboot sax minutes o testimony, Rogers spoke o the need for social an emotional eddication that public television gae.&lt;ref name=&quot;SenateHearing&quot;/&gt; He arguit that ither telly programmin lik his ''Neighborhood'' helpit encourage childer tae become happy ceetizens.&lt;ref name=&quot;SenateHearing&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Mister Rogers defending PBS to the US Senate|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXEuEUQIP3Q|via=YouTube|accessdate=September 1, 2016|date=June 29, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The chairman o the subcommittee, [[John O. Pastore]], did nae know Rogers or his work an wis whiles said tae be impatient.&lt;ref name=&quot;SenateHearing&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Testimony/&gt; Houiver, efter Rogers, Pastore said that the testimony haed gien him goosebumps, an said, &quot;I think it's wonderful. Looks like you just earnit the $20&amp;nbsp;million&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;SenateHearing&quot;/&gt; The subsequent congressional appropriation, for 1971, increasit [[PBS]] fundin frae $9&amp;nbsp;million tae $22&amp;nbsp;million.&lt;ref name=Testimony&gt;{{cite web |url=http://exhibit.fredrogerscenter.org/advocacy-for-children/videos/view/969/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617021935/http://exhibit.fredrogerscenter.org/advocacy-for-children/videos/view/969/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=June 17, 2012|title=Fred Rogers Beyond the Neighborhood: Senate Committee Hearing|website=Fred Rogers Center|accessdate=May 27, 2014|year=1969}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Other works===
In 1978, while takin a break frae tapin new ''Neighborhood'' episodes, Rogers hostit an interview program for adults on PBS callit ''Old Friends...New Friends''.&lt;ref name=&quot;new friends&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Fred Rogers Moves into a New Neighborhood—and So Does His Rebellious Son | website=PEOPLE.com | date=1978-05-15 | url=https://people.com/archive/fred-rogers-moves-into-a-new-neighborhood-and-so-does-his-rebellious-son-vol-9-no-19/ | ref={{sfnref | PEOPLE.com | 1978}} | access-date=2018-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The anly time Rogers appearit on telly as someone ither than himsel wis in 1996 when he playit a preacher on ane episode o ''[[Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman]].''&lt;ref name=&quot;DeFranceso&quot; /&gt; Rogers voicit himsel on the &quot;Arthur Meets Mister Rogers&quot; episode o the PBS Kids series ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[http://voicechasers.com/database/showactor.php?actorid=6391 Fred Rogers – Voice Actor Profile at Voice Chasers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120070946/http://voicechasers.com/database/showactor.php?actorid=6391 |date=2018-11-20 }}. Retrieved October 19, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

==Personal life==
Rogers haed an apartment in [[New York Ceety]] an a simmer home on [[Nantucket|Nantucket Island]] in [[Massachusetts]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Junod&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://esquire.com/features/articles/2003/030227_mfe_rogershero_1.html |title=Can You Say ... 'Hero'? |last=Junod |first=Tom |date=November 1998 |work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |accessdate=July 30, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030301184814/http://esquire.com/features/articles/2003/030227_mfe_rogershero_1.html |archivedate=March 1, 2003 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rogers wis reid–green [[color blind]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Roddy&quot;&gt;{{cite news| last = Roddy| first = Dennis| title = Fred Rogers kept it simple, and elegantly so| work = Pittsburgh Post-Gazette| date = March 1, 2003| url = http://www.post-gazette.com/columnists/20030301roddy5.asp| accessdate = 2007-12-12| archive-date = 2011-06-04| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110604014125/http://www.post-gazette.com/columnists/20030301roddy5.asp| url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Human swimming|swam]] every mornin, an neither smoked nor drank.&lt;ref name=&quot;Millman&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/people/bc/1999/08/10/rogers/index.html|last=Millman|first=Joyce|title=Salon Brilliant Careers: Fred Rogers|date=August 10, 1999|work=[[Salon.com]]|publisher=Salon Media Group|accessdate=July 30, 2010|archive-date=2010-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218225859/http://www.salon.com/people/bc/1999/08/10/rogers/index.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wis a [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]] on acause he believit it wis wrong, sayin &quot;I don't want to eat anythin that has a mother&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fredrogerscenter.org/about/about-fred-rogers/legacy-of-fred-rogers/ |title=Legacy of Fred Rogers |accessdate=September 21, 2014 |archive-date=2015-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909022025/http://www.fredrogerscenter.org/about/about-fred-rogers/legacy-of-fred-rogers |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite popular rumors, he never servit in the military as a [[Unitit States Navy SEALs|Navy SEAL]] durin the [[Vietnam War]] an never haed [[tattoos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Emery |first=David |url=http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/fredrogers/a/mr_rogers.htm |title=Mr. Rogers Was a Marine Sniper / Navy SEAL? |publisher=Urbanlegends.about.com |date=November 26, 2011 |accessdate=December 22, 2011 |archive-date=2007-05-22 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070522030434/http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/fredrogers/a/mr_rogers.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.truthorfiction.com/rumors/m/mrrogers.htm |title=Mr. Rogers Was a Sniper in Vietnam-Fiction! |publisher=Truthorfiction.com |accessdate=December 22, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/radiotv/tv/mrrogers.asp |title=Won't You Be My Fiend? |publisher=snopes.com |date=August 7, 2007 |accessdate=December 22, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 1992, he wis awardit the [[Peabody Award]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Peabody Award&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.peabodyawards.com/stories/story/peabody-awards-book|title=George Foster Peabody Award Winners|publisher=University of Georgia, George Foster Peabody Award|access-date=2018-11-03|archive-date=2014-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007024156/http://www.peabodyawards.com/stories/story/peabody-awards-book|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Death==
Rogers wis diagnosit wi [[stomach cancer]] in December 2002, nae lang efter his retirement.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sdpb.org/blogs/children-and-education/mr-rogers-shows-us-how-crayons-are-made/|title=Mister Rogers Shows Us How Crayons Are Made|publisher=South Dakota Public Broadcasting|accessdate=November 2, 2018|date=February 25, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; He haed surgery on Januar 6, 2003, which wis unsuccessful.&lt;ref name=&quot;Owen&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/ae/20030228rogersae1p1.asp|title=Fred Rogers dies at 74|last=Owen|first=Rob|author2=Barbara Vancheri|date=February 28, 2003|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|accessdate=July 30, 2010|archive-date=2011-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219034451/http://post-gazette.com/ae/20030228rogersae1p1.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Everhart&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.current.org/ch/ch0305rogers.html|title=Fred Rogers, 1928–2003|last=Everhart|first=Karen|date=March 10, 2003|work=[[Current (newspaper)|Current]]|accessdate=July 30, 2010|archive-date=2011-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617112833/http://www.current.org/ch/ch0305rogers.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; A week earlier, he wis [[grand marshal]] o the [[Tournament o Roses Parade]], wi [[Art Linkletter]] an [[Bill Cosby]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Tournament of Roses&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tournamentofroses.com/photogallery/GMs/gm2003b.htm|title=Grand Marshal Slide Show Main|year=2004|publisher=Tournament of Roses|accessdate=February 26, 2010|archive-date=2006-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111085233/http://www.tournamentofroses.com/photogallery/GMs/gm2003b.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rogers died on the mornin o Februar 27, 2003 efter slippin intae a [[coma]], at his home in Pittsburgh wi his wife bi his side, less nor a month afore he wad hae turnit 75.&lt;ref&gt;Lewis, Daniel (February 28, 2003). [https://www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/featured_articles/20030228friday.html Fred Rogers, Host of 'Mister Rogers' Neighborhood,' Dies at 74], ''The New York Times''. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.uscatholic.org/articles/201804/saintliness-fred-rogers-31370|title=The Saintliness of Fred Rogers|publisher=USCatholic.org|accessdate=November 2, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mair nor 2,700 fowk went tae his memorial service at [[Heinz Hall]], includin umwhile ''[[Good Morning America]]'' host [[David Hartman (TV personality)|David Hartman]], [[Teresa Heinz Kerry]], philanthropist Elsie Hillman, [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] Preses [[Pat Mitchell]], ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' creautor [[Marc Brown (author)|Marc Brown]], an ''[[The Very Hungry Caterpillar]]'' author-illustrator [[Eric Carle]].&lt;ref name=freds&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-two-freds-when-phelps-protested-mr-rogerss-memorial|title=The Two Freds: When Phelps Protested Mr. Rogers’s Memorial|publisher=The New Yorker|date=March 20, 2014|accessdate=November 2, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=memorial&gt;{{cite web|url=http://old.post-gazette.com/localnews/20030504rogers0504p1.asp|title=Pittsburgh Bids Farewell to Fred Rogers with Moving Public Tribute|accessdate=November 2, 2018|date=May 4, 2003|archive-date=2022-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106134558/http://old.post-gazette.com/localnews/20030504rogers0504p1.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rogers is burit at Unity Cemetery in Latrobe.&lt;ref name=&quot;King 2018 p. 443&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last=King | first=M. | title=The Good Neighbor: The Life and Work of Fred Rogers | publisher=ABRAMS | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-68335-349-2 | url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=aNdQDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT443 | access-date=2018-10-28 | page=443}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Honors==
Rogers wis honorit wi the [[Presidential Medal o Freedom]] bi Preses [[George W. Bush]], forty honorary degrees, an a [[Peabody Award]]. He wis addit intae the [[Televeesion Hall o Fame]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Television Hall of Fame&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Hall of Fame |publisher=Academy of Television Arts &amp; Sciences |accessdate=December 3, 2008 |url=http://cdn.emmys.tv/awards/halloffame/hofarchive.php |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216013417/http://cdn.emmys.tv/awards/halloffame/hofarchive.php |archivedate=December 16, 2008  }}&lt;/ref&gt; He wis listit nummer 35 o the ''[[TV Guide]]''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s ''Fifty Greatest TV Stars o All Time''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|year=1996 |title=Special Collectors' Issue: 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time |journal=[[TV Guide]]|issue=December 14–20, 1996}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Smithsonian Institution]] haes ane of his sweaters as a &quot;Treasure o Americain History&quot;.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Ither wabsteids== 
* [http://pbskids.org/rogers/ Official Site at PBS Kids]
* {{IMDb name|0736872}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rogers, Fred}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:2003 daiths]]
[[Category:Cancer daiths in Pennsylvanie]]
[[Category:Daiths frae painch cancer]]</text>
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    <title>Vosges (depairtment)</title>
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      <comment>Replacin' Vosges.svg wi' [[File:Flag_of_Vosges.svg]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] coz: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)).</comment>
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      <text bytes="3816" sha1="k9fysg3ttzrjafdvr1ns5ry1xs4y0m4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox department
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox department for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| name                    = Vosges
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = fr&lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. &quot;fr&quot; for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --&gt;
| type                    = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = Flag of Vosges.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Flag of Vosges.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Vosges-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location o Vosges in Fraunce
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|48|10|N|06|25|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:1000000_source:frwiki|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o sovereign states|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Fraunce]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o Fraunce|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Lorraine (région)|Lorraine]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefecturs in Fraunce|Prefectur]]
| seat                    = [[Épinal]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefecturs in Fraunce|Subprefecturs]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Neufchâteau, Vosges|Neufchâteau]]&lt;br&gt;[[Saint-Dié-des-Vosges]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = [[Preses o the general cooncil|Preses o the General Cooncil]]
| leader_name             = [[Christian Poncelet]]
| unit_pref               = Metric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 5874
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 380952
| population_as_of        = 1999
| population_rank         = [[Leet o French depairtments bi population|60t]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment nummer]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 88
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements o Fraunce|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements o the Vosges depairtment|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in Fraunce|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons o the Vosges depairtment|17]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in Fraunce|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes o the Vosges depairtment|515]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], an lochs, ponds, an glaciers lairger nor 1 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
}}
'''Vosges''' ({{IPA-fr|voʒ}}) is a [[depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment]] in the east o [[Fraunce]], named efter the local [[Vosges Moontains|moontain range]].

{{Vosges communes}}
{{Departments of France}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Vosges| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in Fraunce]]</text>
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    <title>2018 Gaza mairch protests</title>
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      <comment>Replacin' Flag_of_Hamas.svg wi' [[File:Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] coz: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This is not the flag of hamas; It is the flag of</comment>
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      <text bytes="6910" sha1="gu2zqm7hn2qrg4wizdjxfxx1mm62vhm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ceevil conflict|title=2018 Gaza border protests|partof=[[Gaza–Israel conflict]]|image=File:Gaza Strip map2.svg|caption=Map of the Gaza Strip|date=30 March 2018 – 27 December 2019|place=[[Gaza Strip]], near the [[Israel–Gaza barrier|Israeli border]]|goals=* Lifting the [[Blockade of the Gaza Strip|blockade]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/13/c_137109039.htm|title=Palestinians carry on rallies in Gaza on third consecutive Friday – Xinhua – English.news.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|access-date=2018-05-23|archive-date=2018-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428182331/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/13/c_137109039.htm|url-status=dead}} {{Cite web |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/13/c_137109039.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-09-14 |archive-date=2018-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428182331/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/13/c_137109039.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Achieving the [[Palestinian right of return|right of return]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-protests-shooting/israeli-forces-kill-three-gaza-border-protesters-wound-400-medics-idUSKBN1HY205?il=0|title=Israeli forces kill three Gaza border protesters, wound 600: medics|first=Nidal|last=al-Mughrabi}}&lt;/ref&gt;|side1={{flag|Gaza Strip}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.svg}} [[Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Hamas]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine.svg}} [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]]
* &lt;!--Please do not add a non-free image here--&gt; [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]]
* Unaffiliated protesters|side2={{flag|Israel}}
* {{Armed forces|Israel}}
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Israel Border Police.svg}} [[Israel Border Police]]
* [[Israel Fire and Rescue Services]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/kite-from-gaza-sets-fire-to-wheat-field-in-israel/|title=Kite from Gaza sets fire to wheat field in Israel|last=Ari Gross|first=Judah|date=18 April 2018|website=The Times of Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt;|units2=[[Gaza Division|143rd &quot;Fire Fox&quot; (Territorial) Division
]]&lt;br /&gt;reinforced with two brigades and special units,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/four-wounded-on-gaza-border-w-bank-palestinians-march-in-solidarity-1.5963866 11 Wounded at Israel-Gaza Border as Palestinians March in West Bank in Solidarity], Haaretz, 1 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt; including [[Maglan]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/IDF-releases-details-of-how-it-prevented-a-Hamas-border-crossing-from-Gaza-556484 IDF RELEASES DETAILS OF HOW IT PREVENTED A HAMAS BORDER CROSSING FROM GAZA], 15 May 2018, ''The Jerusalem Post''&lt;/ref&gt;|casualties1=112 dead and over 13,190 injured&lt;ref name=wounded&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/04/gaza-protest-latest-updates-180406092506561.html|title=Gaza protests: All the latest updates |publisher=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; (as of 21 May 2018)|casualties2=1 slightly wounded&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian20180515&quot;&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/14/israel-tells-palestinians-they-are-risking-lives-in-us-embassy-protests Israel faces outcry over Gaza killings during Jerusalem embassy protests], Guardian, 15 May 2018, &quot;Until this week, no Israeli had been harmed since protests began on 30 March. An IDF spokesman, Lt Col Jonathan Conricus, said one soldier had been “slightly wounded by shrapnel” on Monday but he did not have details on the source of the injury.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;}}On 30 Mairch 2018, a six-week campaign composed o a series o protests wis launched at the [[Gaza Strip]], neist the [[Israel–Gaza barrier|Gaza-Israel border]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NY2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NY2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cawed bi [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] organisers the &quot;'''Great Mairch o Return'''&quot;, the protests demand that [[Palestinian refugees]] an their descendants be allowed to return tae whit is now Israel.&lt;ref&gt;David M. Halbfinger, Iyad Abuheweila, [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/13/world/middleeast/gaza-israel-protests.html ‘One Dead Amid Violence in 3rd Week of Protests at Gaza-Israel  Fence,’] ''The New York Times'' 13 April 2018.’They are objecting to Israel's 11-year-old blockade of Gaza and seeking to revive international interest in Palestinian claims of a right of return to the lands they were displaced from in 1948.’&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Toameh&quot;&gt;Khaled Abu Toameh, [https://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-vows-gaza-protests-to-continue-until-they-return-to-all-of-palestine/’ Hamas vows Gaza protests last  until Palestinians return to all of Palestine,’] The Times of Israel 9 April 2018.’The protests are an uprising for &quot;Jerusalem, Palestine, and the right of return,&quot; he said, referring to the demand that Palestinian refugees and their descendants be allowed to return to their former homes in Israel.’&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Adam Rasgon, [https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Masses-of-Gazans-head-to-border-fence-to-demand-right-of-return-547367 ‘Masses of Gazans head to border area for 'right of return' says organizer,’] ''The Jerusalem Post'' 28 March 2018.’Masses of Palestinians are expected to come to the Gaza border on Friday and move into tents there for a planned six-week-long protest &quot;to demand the right of return to the homes and villages that they were expelled from in 1948,&quot; Ahmad Abu Ratima, an organizer of the protest, told The Jerusalem Post.'&lt;/ref&gt; They are awso protesting the [[Blockade of the Gaza Strip|blockade o the Gaza Strip]] an the [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|muivin o the Unitit States Embassy in Israel frae Tel Aviv tae Jerusalem]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news}}&lt;/ref&gt; Veeolence durin the protests haes resultit in the deedliest days o the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israeli-Palestinian conflict]] since the [[2014 Israel–Gaza conflict|2014 Gaza War]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:38&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/gaza-protests-take-off-ahead-of-new-us-embassy-inauguration-in-jerusalem/2018/05/14/eb6396ae-56e4-11e8-9889-07bcc1327f4b_story.html|title=Israelis kill more than 50 Palestinians in Gaza protests, health officials say|last=Morris|first=Loveday|date=14 May 2018|work=The Washington Post|access-date=14 May 2018|last2=Balousha|first2=Hazem|issn=0190-8286|ref=WP14May}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gaza mairch protests, 2018}}
[[Category:2018 in Israel]]
[[Category:2018 in the Gaza Strip|Mairch protests]]
[[Category:2010s protests]]
[[Category:Mairch 2018 events in Asie]]
[[Category:Apryle 2018 events in Asie]]
[[Category:Mey 2018 events in Asie]]
[[Category:Israel–Gaza Strip border|2018 protests]]
[[Category:Protests in the Gaza Strip|2018 mairch protests]]
[[Category:Creeminal rock-thrawin]]</text>
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    <title>Template:Kintra data Hamas</title>
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        <id>411</id>
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      <comment>Replacin' Flag_of_Hamas.svg wi' [[File:Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] coz: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This is not the flag of hamas; It is the flag of</comment>
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| alias = Hamas
| flag alias = Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg
| link alias-military = Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| related1 = Palestine
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}</text>
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    <redirect title="Track" />
    <revision>
      <id>901593</id>
      <timestamp>2024-12-31T06:06:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>CiphriusKane flittit page [[Track (rail transport)]] til [[Track]]: Owerwritin disambig, acause it's jist a heap ae reid airtins makkit fur the sake ae makkin pages</comment>
      <origin>901593</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19" sha1="a7udb7oaonp9z7hpvsb8bj1kfq1rdkp" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Track]]</text>
      <sha1>a7udb7oaonp9z7hpvsb8bj1kfq1rdkp</sha1>
    </revision>
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