Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 1909 268942 265220 2024-12-01T14:47:34Z Muuse8 36079 268942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Qoraal dheer}} {{Infobox country |latd=9 |latm=33 |latNS=N |longd=44 |longm=03 |longEW=E |leader_name2 = [[Cabdiraxmaan Saylici]] |leader_name3 = [[Cabdirisaaq Khaliif]] |conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland</br>جَمْهورِيَدْدَ سومالِلَنْدْ |native_name = {{smaller|{{native name|en|Republic of Somaliland}}<ref>Name used in [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Constitution/body_somaliland_constitution.htm#Heading The Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland] and in [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Faafinta_Rasmiga_JSL_S1_Cad_1aad_2012.pdf Somaliland Official Gazette]</ref><br />{{native name|ar|{{lower|0.1em|<big>جمهورية صوماليلاند</big>}}|italic=no}}</big><br />{{smaller|''{{transl|ar|Jumhūrīyat Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl}}''}}}}<br/><ref>Susan M. Hassig, Zawiah Abdul Latif, ''Somalia'', (Marshall Cavendish: 2007), p.10.</ref> |image_flag = Flag of Somaliland.svg |image_coat = Emblem of Somaliland.svg |common_name = Somaliland |symbol_type = National emblem |national_motto = <br />{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|[[Shahaadah|<big>لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله</big>]]}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />''Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasūlu-llāhi''<br />{{small|"[[Shahadah|Ilaah ma jiro Alle mooye; Muxammed waa rasuulka Alle]]"}} |national_anthem = <br />{{lang|so|''[[Samo ku waar]]''}}<br />{{small|''Long life with peace''}}<br /><center> {{center|[[File:Samo ku waar - Anthem of Somaliland (Instrumental).ogg]]}} |image_map = Somaliland (orthographic projection).svg |capital = [[Hargeysa]] |largest_city = [[Hargeysa]] |Portka = [[Berbera]] |official_languages = {{unbulleted list | [[Af Soomaali]] [[Af maay]] | [[Af Carabi]] |[[Af Ingiriis]]}} |demonym = [[Soomaali]] <br />[[Somalilander]] |government_type = Madaxweynenimo leh [[Dastuurka Somaliland|Dastuur Jamhuuriya]] |leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyne]] |leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Muuse Biixi Cabdi]]}} |leader_title2 = [[madaxwayne kuxigeen]] |leader_title3 = Gudoomiyaha Golaha Wakiilada |legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Somaliland]] |upper_house = [[Golaha Guurtida Somaliland|Golaha Guurtida]] |lower_house = [[Golaha Wakiilada Somaliland|Golaha Wakiilada]] |established_event1 = Ku dhawaaqdey |sovereignty_type = Dowlada |sovereignty_note = iyo Awooda |established_event2 = Aqoonsiga |established_date1 = May 18, 1991 |established_date2 = Dal aan la aqoonsanayn<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Issue 270, 28 March 2016 |url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2006/270/3.shtml |access-date=26 July 2016 |archive-date=21 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321062435/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2006/270/3.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |area_km2 = 137600 |area_sq_mi = 53100<ref>[http://somalilandgov.com/somaliland-geography/ Somaliland Geography, 28 March 2016]</ref> |percent_water = |population_estimate = 4,500,000<ref>REPORTER, I. (2012, September 18). As Somalia Struggles, Can Neighboring Somaliland Become East Africa's Next Big Commercial Hub? Retrieved December 26, 2015, from http://www.ibtimes.com/somalia-struggles-can-neighboring-somaliland-become-east-africas-next-big-commercial-1407582">[http://www.ibtimes.com/somalia-struggles-can-neighboring-somaliland-become-east-africas-next-big-commercial-1407582 As Somalia Struggles, Can Neighboring Somaliland Become East Africa's Next Big Commercial Hub?, International Business Times, 2013]</ref> |population_census = |population_estimate_year = 2013 |population_estimate_rank = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 25 |population_density_rank = |population_density_sq_mi = 66 |GDP_PPP = $320 million<ref>World Bank. ''[http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/01/29/new-world-bank-gdp-and-poerty-estimates-for-somaliland New World Bank GDP and Poverty Estimates for Somaliland]'' January 29, 2015. Accessed February 14, 2015.</ref> |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP = 3.2 Billion Dollars |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $577 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |HDI = |HDI_year = |HDI_rank = |currency = [[Somaliland shilling]] |currency_code = SSH |time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset = +3 |utc_offset_DST = +3 |time_zone_DST = not observed |date_format = d/m/yy ([[Anno Domini|AD]]) |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[+252]] {{small|(Somalia)}} |iso3166code = |cctld = |footnote_a = Qiimeynta aheyn sida Somaliland waa [aqoonsi diblomaasiyadeed [|<nowiki> Somaliland State]].</nowiki> |footnote_b = |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |HDI_category = }} '''Soomaaliland''' ([[Af Ingiriis]]: ''Somaliland''; [[Af Carabi]]: صوماليلاند ''{{transl|ar|Ṣūmālīlānd}}'', {{lang|ar|أرض الصومال|rtl=yes}} ''{{transl|ar|Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl}}''), si rasmi ah '''Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliland''' ([[Af Ingiriis]]: ''Republic of Somaliland'', [[Af Carabi]]: جمهورية صوماليلاند ''Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd''), waa dal ku taala [[Geeska Afrika]], waxay xad la leedahay [[Jabuuti]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Soomaaliya]]. Somaliland waxey kamid tahay dhulkii [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Maxmiyada Ingiriis ee Somaliland ]] ee [[Ingiriis]] ku gumaysan jirey. Waxeyna xornimadda qaadatey [[Juun]] [[26]] [[1960]] afar maalmood ka dibna waxay la midowday Soomaliya inteeda kale oo [[Talyaani|Talyaanigu]] guumeysan jiray. [[Magaalo|magaalada]] caasimada wa [[Hargaysa]]. [[Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur]] oo ahaan jirey hogaamiyihii Ururkii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Somaliyeed [[SNM]], ayaa loo doortay inuu noqdo madaxweynahii ugu horeeyay ee maamulka Somaliland. Waxaa ku xigey [[Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]]oo noqdey Madaxweynihii Labaad ee Somaliland, waxaana ka danbeeyay [[Daahir Rayaale Kaahin]]. Kahina waxa ku xigay [[Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud (Siilaanyo)]]. Madaxweynaha maanta waa [[Muuse Biixi Cabdi]]. Somaliland waxaa ka jira saddex xisbi siyaasadeed oo kala ah [[Kulmiye]], [[Wadani]] iyo [[UCID]]. ==Taariikhda== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Taariikhda Somaliland]]'' Somaliland waa magac aad ucusub marka la eego taariikhda uu maamulkani leeyahay somaliland waxaa horay loogu magacaabijiray dhulkii uduga iyo cadarka iyo bukhuurka ama uduga waa sida ay u yaqaaneen masaaridii horee. halka giriigii hore ay u yaqaaneen dhulkii berbera waa halka uu kasoo jeedo magaca [[berbera]] xiligii muslimka amaba qarniyadii uu muslimku soo gaadhay somaliland waxa looyaqaanay dhulkii [[saylac]] ugu danbayntii xiligan aan joogno waxa lagu magacaabaa Somaliland. ===Wakhtiyadii Hore=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Laas Geel]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dhambalin]] iyo [[Dhaymoole]]'' [[File:Laas Geel single cow.jpg|thumb|250px|Farshaxanka dhagaxa weyn ee loo yaqaan 'Neolithic rock art' ee dhismaha [[Laas Geel]] oo muujinaya sac geeso dheer leh.]] Taariikhdii bilawga ahayd ee casri jaahiligii Somaliland waxay ku taal geeska Afrika, dhinaca Waqooyi galbeed waxa ka xigay deris la tahay dalka Jamhuuriyada Jabouti, galbeedna waxaa ka xiga Ethiopia, barina waxaa ka xiga somalia. Tirada dadka Somalilad waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 5 malyan iy badh. Baaxadda dhulka ay ku fadhido Somaliland waa 139,000 km2. Somaliland waxaa dhinaca waqooyiga ka xiga [[badda cas]] oo ku fadhida xeeb dhererkodu yahay 908 km2. Somaliland oo leh taariikh aad u balaadhan dadkuna aanu wada aqoon. Waxay kamid tahay meelaha ugu horraysay ay ka hana qaaday ilbaxnimada adduunku. Dadka taariikhda ku xeeldheeri waxay sheegeen in farraaciintii hore asalkoodu Somali kasoo jeedaan. Deganaana jireen dhulka xeebaha badda cas, taasoo markii danbana ay xidhiidh qoto dheer la lahaayeen Somaliland. Waxaana xaddaaradda Somaliland ku simantahay ilaa 7000 sanadood ciise hortii. ===Wakhtigii Diinta Islaamka=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Saldanadi Ifat]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Saldanadii Cadal]]'' [[File:YagbeaSionBattlingAdaSultan.JPG|thumb|250px|Suldaanka reer Adal (midig) iyo ciidankiisa oo la dagaallamaya King Yagbea-Sion iyo raggiisa. Laga soo bilaabo Le livre des Merveilles, qarnigii 15aad.]] [[File:Zayla.jpg|thumb|250px|Burburka [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ee Saylac, Awdal.]] Markii diintu soo degtay qarnigii 7aad, geeska Afrika waxay noqotay meel aad u muhiima markii uu muslimay boqorkii Xabashida ee Nataashi. Waxaana xeebaha Somaliland ahaayeen meel istiraaji ah oo asxaabtii usoo xijrootay. Qarnigii 13naad waxaa culimadii carbeed ee dalka timid kadhiseen saldanad la odhan jiray Bebad oo ay xukumi jirtay boqortooyadii Walaashma. Waana markii koowaad inta taariikhda lagu hayo qabaa'ilkii Somalidu yeeshaan maamul dhexe. Somaliland waxaa ay kamid tahay bariga Afrika marka laga yimaado [[Itoobiya]] dalkii ugu horreyey ee ay ka hanaqaaday maamul dawladeed, inkastoo aan runta laga sheegin taariikhda dhab ah ee Somaliland haddana waxaan muran ku jirin in Somaliland qarnigii 15naad ay lahayd dawlad dunida laga ictiraafsanyahay gaar ahaana markii uu hoggaanka qabtay Immam Ahmed Qasali( Guray). Maamulkaas oo markii danbe la magac baxday dawladii Awdal. Xukumina jirtay inta u dhaxaysa xeebaha badda cas ilaa Herer. ===Saldanadihii hore ee casriga ahaa=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Saldanada Isaaq|Saldanadii Isaaq]] iyo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland]]'' [[File:Sultan Nur Map.png|thumb|250px|Khariidadda Jarmalka qarnigii 19-aad oo muujinaya [[Nuur Axmed Amaan|Suldaan Nuur]] Degaanka badhtamaha Somaliland]] [[File:Flag of British Somaliland (1952–1960).svg|250px|thumb|Calankii [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|British Somaliland]].]] Horraantii xilligii casriga ahaa, dowladihii kala dambeeyay ee Saldanadii Adal iyo Ajuran Sultanate waxay bilaabeen inay ka hanaqaadaan Soomaaliya. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ahaa Isaaqa Saldanada iyo Habr Yunis Sultanate. Hawlgalkii ugu horreeyay ee dhexmara Soomaalida gobolka iyo Ingriiska wuxuu ahaa 1827 "Maqaallo Saaxiibtinimo iyo Ganacsi oo u dhexeeya Qabiilka Habr Awal iyo England. Tan waxaa xigay heshiis Ingiriis ah oo lala galay Badhasaabkii Saylac 1840. Ka dib hawlgal ayaa la bilaabay inta u dhaxaysa Ingiriiskii iyo odayaashii Habar Garxajis iyo Habar Toljaala ee reeraha Isaaqa 1855, sanad ka dib ayaa la soo gabagabeeyey "Qodobadii Nabadda iyo Saaxiibtinimada" ee u dhexeeyey Shirkadda Habar Awal iyo East India Company. kuna dhammaaday heshiisyadii rasmiga ahaa ee Ingiriisku la saxeexday wixii hadda ka dambeeya qabiilooyinkii 'British Somaliland', oo dhacay intii u dhexeysay 1884 iyo 1886 (heshiisyada waxaa lala saxeexday Habar Awal, Gadabursi, Habar Toljaala, Habar Garxajis, Esa, iyo beelaha Warsangali), kan waxay gogol xaar u ahayd Ingriisku inuu ka sameeyo maxmiyad goboleed loogu magac daray British Somaliland, Ingriiskuna wuxuu gaashaan u ahaa maxakamadda Cadan waxayna u maamushay sidii qayb ka mid ah Bri tish India ilaa 1898. British Somaliland ka dibna waxaa maamulayay Xafiiska Arimaha Dibada ilaa 1905, ka dibna Xafiiska Gumeysiga ===Maxmiyaddii British Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Ololaha Somaliland]] iyo [[Ololaha Somaliland (1920)]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Duulaankii Talyaanigu ku qaaday British Somaliland]]'' [[File:Corriere Della Sera - 17 agosto 1940 - Offensiva in Africa - titolo.JPG|thumb|250px|Wargeyska Corriere della Sera ee ka soo baxa dalka [[Talyaaniga]] oo ka hadlaya bilowgii weerarkii British Somaliland.]] [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-8-37.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Duqeyn diyaaradeed oo lagu garaacay qalcado Dowladii [[Darawiish|Deraviish]] ah [[Taleex]]..]] [[File:Independence Day State of Somaliland.png|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Heshiisyada iyo isweydaarsiga Waraaqaha ee u dhexeeya Dawladda Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyo Dawladda Somaliland oo ku lammaan Xoriyadda Somaliland.]] [[File:The Somaliland Protectorate Constitutional Conference, London.png|thumb|250px|Shirweynihii dastuurka maxmiyadda [[British Somaliland]], London, May 1960 kaas oo lagu go’aamiyey in 26 Juun ay noqoto maalinta Xorriyadda, sidaasna lagu saxeexay 12 May 1960. Weftiga Somaliland: Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal, Axmed Xaaji Ducaale, Cali Garaad Jaamac iyo Xaaji Ibraahim Nuur. Laga soo bilaabo Xafiiska Gumeysiga: Ian Macleod, D. B. Hall, H. C. F. Wilks (Xoghaye).]] Ololaha Somaliland, oo sidoo kale loogu magac daray Dagaalkii Anglo-Somalia ama Dagaalkii Dervish, wuxuu ahaa safarado milateri oo isdaba joog ah oo ka dhacay intii u dhaxeysay 1900 ilaa 1920 geeska Afrika, oo ay iskaga hor yimaadeen Dervishes-kii uu hoggaaminayey Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (oo lagu naanaysi jiray "Mad Mullah" ) ka dhan ah Ingiriiska. Ingiriiska waxaa ka caawiyey weeraradoodii Xabashi iyo Talyaani. Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka ([[1914]]–[[1918]]), Xasan wuxuu sidoo kale gargaar ka helay Ottomans, Jarmal iyo, in muddo ah, oo uu ka helay Imbaraadoor Iyasu V-kii Itoobiya. Colaadda ayaa dhammaatay markii Ingriiska uu si milatari u duqeeyey magaalo-madaxda Dervish-ka ee Taleex bishii Febraayo 1920-kii. Safarkii Shanaad ee ololihii Somaliland ee [[1920]]-kii wuxuu ahaa safarkii ugu dambeeyay ee Ingiriisku kaga soo horjeedo xoogaggii Dervish-ka ee Maxammed Cabdillaahi Xasan (oo had iyo goor Ingiriisku ugu yeedho "Mad Mullah" sharaf dhac), hoggaamiyaha diinta ee Soomaaliya. In kasta oo dagaalkii ugu badnaa dhacay bishii Jannaayo ee sannadka, haddana ciidammada Ingiriisku waxay bilaabeen u diyaar garowga weerarkan horraantii Noofambar [[1919]]. Ciidammada Ingiriisku waxay ka koobnaayeen xubno ka tirsan Royal Air Force iyo Somaliland Camel Corps. Dagaal seddex usbuuc ah kadib, Dervishes-kii Xasan waa la jabiyay, taasoo keentay wax ku ool ah iska caabintii 20-ka sano ahayd. Qabsashadii Talyaanigu ee British Somaliland waxay ahayd olole milatari oo ka dhacay Bariga Afrika, kaas oo dhacay bishii Ogos 1940kii kaas oo dhex maray xoogaggii Talyaaniga iyo kuwii dhawr waddan oo Ingiriis iyo Barwaaqo-sooran ah. Socdaalkii Talyaanigu wuxuu qayb ka ahaa Ololihii Bariga Afrika. ===Dawladii Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dawladii Somaliland (1960)]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Somaliland 1960]]'' [[File:Somaliland_Flying_for_the_first_time_The_White_and_Blue_Somali_Flag_at_the_Independence_Celebrations_on_26_June_1960.jpg|thumb|250px|Somaliland oo markii ugu horeysay: Calanka Soomaaliya la taagay ee aha Caddaan iyo Buluugga ah ee Dabaal - degyadii [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida (Maamulka Somaliland)|Xorriyadda]] ee 26-kii Juun 1960 Ra'iisul-wasaaraha [[Maamulkii Somaliland (1960)|Dawlad-goboleedka Somaliland]] iyo [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|madaxweynihii labaad ee Somaliland]] [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal ayaa]] salaamay calanka.]] Bishii Meey 1960kii, dawladda Ingiriisku waxay sheegtay inay diyaar u tahay inay madax-bannaani siiso maxmiyaddii xilligaa ee British Somaliland, iyada oo ujeedkeedu ahaa in dhulku la midoobo maamulkii Talyaanigu xukumi jiray ee Somaliland ee hoos-tagi jiray Maamulkii Talyaaniga (Talyaanigii hore ee Somaliland) . Golaha Sharci Dejinta ee British Somaliland wuxuu qaraar ka soo saaray bishii Abriil 1960 oo ay ku codsanayeen madaxbannaanida iyo la midowga dhulka la aaminay ee Somaliland, kaas oo qorshuhu ahaa in ay madax-bannaanideeda hesho 1-dii Julaay ee sanadkaas. Golayaasha sharci dejinta ee labada deegaan ayaa isku raacay soo jeedintan ka dib shir wadajir ah oo ay ku yeesheen magaalada Muqdisho. 26-kii Juun 1960, Maxmiyaddii hore ee British Somaliland waxay muddo kooban qaadatay madax-bannaanida iyada oo ah Dawladdii Somaliland, iyada oo Territori-ka Somaliland la raacay shan maalmood ka dib. Intii lagu jiray muddadii koobnayd ee ay la soo noqotay madax-bannaanida, Qaranka Somaliland wuxuu ka kasbaday ictiraaf shan iyo soddon iyo shan dal oo madax-bannaan. Maalintii ku xigtay, 27kii Juun 1960kii, Golaha Sharci Dejinta ee dhowaan la qabtay waxay ansixiyeen sharci si rasmi ah ugu oggolaanaya midowga Qaranka Somaliland iyo Gobollada Amaanada ee Somaliland 1dii Luulyo 1960 ===Xoriyadii 1960 iyo wixii kadanbeeyay=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliyeed]] iyo [[Soomaaliweyn]]'' Dawlada Ethiopia ayaa waxay qorshaynaysaa sidii ay u aqoon san lahayd somalailand. Bishii febraayo 1960kii ayaa wafdi uu hoggaaminaayo Alle ha u naxariistee [[Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]] u anbaxaxeen dalka Ingiriiska, waxaana heshiis ay la soo galeen dawladdii ingiriiska in Somaliland xirnimo buuxda lasiiyo. 26 Juun 1960kii bay markii maxmiyadii ingriiska ee Somaliland "British Somaliland protectorate" xornimadeeda ka qaateen dawladii Ingiriiska,sida aan la socono intii ka horraysay 01 Luulyo 1960kii Somaliland waxay ahayd dawlad gooniya( indepedent state). waxayna noqdeen dawlad madax bannaan oo la aqoonsan yahay ilaa 01 Luulyo 1960kii. Isla maalintaas Koonfurtu xorayday ayaa labada dal midoobeen inkastoo midawgaas mad madaw badani ku jiro. Dad badanina u haystaan in midowgaasi ahayn mid sharciya. Bishii Luulyo1961kii waxaa dadka reer Somaliland gaashaanka ku dhufteen oo cod aqliyad ah ku diideen distoorkii qeexayey ee lagu sharciyeynaayey israaca labada dal ee Somaliya iyo Somaliland. Laakiin nasiib darro dawladdii markaas jirtay oo reer Koonfureedka ahayd waxay diideen inay aqoonsadaan maxsuulkii doorashadaas sababtoo maslaxad baan ugu jirin arrintan. Bishii december 1961 waxaa madaxdii ciidamada qalabka sida ee Somaliya isku dayeen inay dhigaan inqilaabkii dhicisoobay. Inqilaabkaasna waxay doonayeen inay kula soo noqdaan madaxbannaanidii luntay. 1967kii waxaa dalka ka noqday raysal wasaare Mohamed X.Ibrahim Cigaal. Halka uu madaxweynaha ka noqday Cabdirashid Cali sharmake. 15 Oktober 1969kii waxaa magaalada laascaanood lagu dilay madaxweynihii Jamhuuriyadda Somalida ee Cabdirashid Cali Sharmaake. === 1961 kacdoon ka reer Somaliland === ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[1961 kacdoon ka dhacay Soomaaliya]]'' Kacdoonkii 1961 ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa kacdoon aan guuleysan oo isku day afgambi ah oo ka dhacay waqooyiga Soomaaliya imikana ah Somaliland kaasoo dhacay bishii Diseembar [[1961]]. === Inqilaabkii 21 oktober iyo wixii kasoobaxay === Waxaana midnimadii 60kii guul darro ku dhamaatay markii 21 Oktober [[1969]]kii uu dalka ka dhacay inqilaab aan dhiig ku daadan ee ay dhigeen ciimada qalabka sidaa, waxaana talada la wareegay ciidamada oo uu hoggaaminaayo mujrimkii Gen. Mohamed Siyaad Barre. 10 januari 1970kii waxaa kelidii taliyihii Siyaad Barre sameeyey maxkamadii badbaada oo xukumi jirtay xukunka dilka si looga takhaluso dadka aan taageersanayn madaxweynaha. 21 Oktober 1970kii wuxuu Siyaad Barre ku dhawaaqay in Somaliya qaadatay nidaamka hantiwadaaga cilmiga ku dhisan. Taasoo rabay inuu ugu bedelo inqilaabkii hab ku salaysan dhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo ku salaysan aydhiyooliyadda hantiwadaaga. Waxaana loo ololeeyey wixii loogu magacdaray kacaankii hantiwadaaga Somaliyeed. Xagaagii 1972kii waxaa la sameeyey ciimadii guulwadayaasha oo ujeedadoodu ahayd inay cabudhiyaan oo xabsiga u taxaabaan dadka shacbiga ee lagu tuxmo inay kacaan diid yihiin. July 1972kii waxaa la dilay labadii Jenaraal ee Salaad Gabayle, iyo Mohamed aynaanshe oo ka tirsanaa saraakiishii inqilaabka dhigay. Salaad gabayle wuxuu ahaa madaxweyne ku xigeen. Waxaa lagu xukumay dil ka dib markii lagu eedeeyey inay maleegayeen shirqool ay xukunka kaga tuurayaan Siyaad Barre. Oktober 1972kii waxaa lagu dhaqaaqay in la qoro [[Af-soomaliga]] oo uu noqdo luqadda rasmiga ah ee dalka. 1972kii-1975kii waxaa la qaaday ololihii barashada qorista Somaliga oo markii danbana isu rogay olalihii horumarinta reer miyiga ee la rabay in dadku waxna qoraan waxna akhriyaan. 1975kii waxaa la sameeyey 15 gobol oo cusub oo lagu bedelayeey 8 gobol ee hore u jiray. Waxaana ay ka koobnaayeen 78 degmo. Somaliland oo ka koobnayd 3 gobol looma samayn gobolo iyo degmooyin cusub toona. 1975kii Siyaad Barre wuxuu shaqadii ka eryey 50 saraakiil sare iyo madax ah oo badankooda ka soo jeeda Somaliland, waxaana uu ku bedelay dadka uu ku tuhmaayey inay taageersanyihiin kacaanka oo u badnaa caa'iladiisa ah. M.s.bare wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inay raga iyo dumarku siman yihiin culimadii iyo dhalinyaradii kasoo horjeedsatayna laayay dhamaantood. 1977kii maamulkii siyaad Barre wuxuu weerar ku qaaday dalka Itoobiya, waxaana markii hore uu ku guulaystay dagaalkaas. Laakiin waxaa dagaalku dhamaaday markii ciidamo Ruush iyo Kuubaan ahi usoo gurmadeenItoobiya ee ay si toosa dagaalka usoo galeen. Waxaana ciidamadii Somaliya dibuga soo noqatay dhammaan dhulkii horuu qabsadeen. ===Xasuuqii Isaaq ama Xasuuqii Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Xasuuqi Isaaq]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[SNM]]'' [[File:Exhumed skeletal remains of victims of the Isaaq genocide.jpg|thumb|250px|Haraaga la soo saaray ee dhibanayaashii xasuuqii Isaaq ee laga helay xabaal wadareed ku yaal magaalada Berbera, Somaliland.]] [[File:4z2.jpg|thumb|250px|Ilaa 90% magaalada Hargeysa (magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya) waxaa burburiyey dawladda Soomaaliya.]] Awooddii akhlaaqeed ee dowladdii Barre si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u lumisay, iyadoo Soomaali badan ay ku hungoobeen nolosha xukunka militariga. Bartamihii 1980-meeyadii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayay maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee Derg ee Itoobiya ayaa ka billowday waddanka oo dhan. Barre wuxuu kujawaabey isagoo amrey in talaabooyin ciqaab ah laga qaado kuwa uu u arko inay gudaha ka taageerayaan jabhadaha, gaar ahaan gobolada waqooyi. Qabqabashada waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyin, xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa, oo ahayd xaruntii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM), oo ka mid ahayd aagagga la bartilmaameedsaday 1988. Duqeyntan waxaa hoggaaminayey Jeneraal Maxamed Saciid Xersi Morgan, wiilka uu sodogga u yahay Barre. Wixii ka dhacay Soomaaliya [[1988]] malaha waa ka sii foolxun. Markii Hargeysa la duqeeyay ayaa dadkii deganaa lagu khasbay inay qaxaan. Askarta ayaa markaas miinooyin ku aasay guryihii laga tagay. Markii uu dagaalku dhammaaday ayay qaxootigii dib u laabteen, balse waxaa lagu naafeeyay ama lagu dilay qaraxyo qarsoon.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20000508/Land-Mines-Weighing-the-Cost/ Land Mines—Weighing the Cost]</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay Abou Jeng iyo aqoonyahanno kale, xukunkii taliskii Barre waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay cadaadis arxan darro ah oo lala beegsaday qabiilka Isaaq. Max’ed Xaaji Ingiriis iyo Chris Mullin waxay caddeeyeen in qabqabashadii maamulkii Barre ee ka dhanka ahaa Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee fadhigiisu ahaa Hargeysa lala beegsaday beelweynta Isaaq oo ay ka tirsan yihiin inta badan xubnihii SNM. Waxay ku tilmaamayaan isku haynta inay tahay xasuuqii Isaaq ama xasuuqii Hargeysa. Baaritaan ay sameysay Qaramada Midoobay ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in dambiga xasuuqa uu ahaa "mid ay maleegtay, qorsheysay oo ay ka fulisay Dowlada Soomaaliya dadka Isaaqa". Tirada dadka rayidka ah ee ku waxyeeloobay waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta udhaxeysa 50,000–100,000 sida laga soo xigtay ilo wareedyo kala duwan, halka wararka qaarna ay ku qiyaasayaan wadarta dhimashada dadka rayidka ah inay kor u dhaafeyso 200,000 oo rayid Isaaq ah. Dhimashooyinkaas, taliskii Barre wuxuu duqeeyey oo burburiyey magaalooyinka labaad iyo saddexaad ee ugu weyn Soomaaliya, Hargeysa iyo Burco siday u kala horreeyaan. Tani waxay u barakicisay dad lagu qiyaasey 400,000 oo dadka deegaanka ah oo u qaxay Hartasheikh ee dalka Itoobiya; shaqsiyaad kale oo gaaraya 400,000 ayaa iyaguna gudaha ku barakacay. Dagaalkii ka soo horjeedka ee taliskii Barre ee ka dhanka ahaa SNM wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday saldhigii rayidka ee kooxda mucaaradka, isaga oo isu beddelay xasuuq xasuuq ka dhan ah beesha Isaaq. Tani waxay horseeday fowdo iyo ololeyaal dagaal oo ay gaystaan ​​maleeshiyooyin kala jabay, ka dibna awooddii heer degmo la wareeray. Cadaadiskii maamulkii Barre kuma koobnayn Isaaqa oo keliya, maxaa yeelay wuxuu bartilmaameedsanayay qabaa’illada kale sida Hawiye. Taliskii Barre wuxuu burburay Janaayo [[1991]]. Intaa kadib, markii xaalada siyaasadeed ee Somaliland xasiloonayd, dadkii barakacay waxay ku noqdeen guryahoodii, maleeshiyooyinkii waa laga daad gureeyay ama waxaa lagu daray ciidanka, tobanaan kun oo guri iyo meherado ahna dib ayaa looga soo dhisay burburka. ===Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya=== [[File:Ruined tank in Hargeisa, Somaliland.jpg|thumb|250px|Taangi M47 Patton oo ku burburay Somaliland.]] ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]]'' In kasta oo SNM markii la aasaasay ay lahayd dastuur midow, haddana waxay ugu dambayntii bilawday inay raadiso madax-bannaanida, iyada oo doonaysa inay ka go'do Soomaaliya inteeda kale. Intii uu hoggaaminayey Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur, maamulka maxalliga ah wuxuu ku dhawaaqay gobollada waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya madax-bannaanida shirkii ka dhacay magaalada Burco intii u dhaxeysay 27-kii Abriil 1991-kii illaa 15-kii May 1991. ===Ku dhawaaqidii Maxadbanaanida=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Ku dhawaaqida Gooni isu taaga Somaliland]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Saxeexida Baaqa Madaxbanaanida Somaliland]]'' [[File:Signatures-Somaliland-independece-.png|thumb|250px|5 May go'aankii shirkii weynaa ee Burco. Shirkii labaad ee qaran ee 18 May, Golaha Dhexe ee SNM oo taageero ka helaya kulan ay yeesheen odayaal matalayay beelaha waaweyn ee Gobollada Waqooyi, ayaa lagaga dhawaaqay dib ula soo noqoshada Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland dhulkii Maxmiyaddii hore ee Ingiriiska ee Somaliland isla markaana la sameeyay. dowlad loogu magac daray ismaamul gobaleedka.]] 27 Jannayo 1991 ayaa ciidamadii SNM gacanta ku dhigeen dhamaan dalkii hore loo odhan jiray Somaliland. Dabadeedna madaxdii SNM waxay ka shaqeeyeen inay heshiiyeen oo beelihii walaalaha ee ay iska horkeentay dawladii hore ee Siyaad Barre. 18 Mey 1991 shirbeeleedkii ka dhacay magaalada Burco ayaa lagu go'aansaday lagagana dhawaaqay gooni isu taagga qaranimada Somaliland. ===Afti u qaadista dastuurka Somaliland 2001=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[2001 Afti u qaadista dastuurka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Somaliland Constitution Presidential Decree.jpg|thumb|250px|Digreeto madaxweyne oo uu ku ansaxinayo dastuurka Somaliland [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]].]] Bishii Ogast 2000, Dawladdii Madaxweyne Cigaal waxay kumanaan nuqul oo ka mid ah dastuurka la soo jeediyey u qaybiyey guud ahaan Somaliland si dadku u tixgeliyaan oo dib u eegis ugu sameeyaan. Hal qodob oo xasaasi ah oo ka mid ah 130ka qodob ee dastuurka u gaarka ah ayaa ansixin doona madax-bannaanida iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madaxbannaanida ee Somaliland iyo kala-goynta kama dambaysta ah ee Soomaaliya, taasoo soo celinaysa madax-bannaanida qaran markii ugu horreysay tan iyo 1960. Dabayaaqadii bishii Maarso 2001, Madaxweyne Cigaal wuxuu cayimay maalinta aftida loo qaadayo Dastuurka May 31, 2001. Afti dastuurka ayaa laga qaaday Somaliland 31 May 2001. Aftida ayaa loo qaaday dastuurka qabyada ah ee xaqiijinaya madaxbanaanida Somaliland ee Soomaaliya. 99.9% ee codbixiyaasha xaqa u leh ayaa kaqaybqaatay aftida waxaana 97.1% kamid ah ay ucodeeyeen dastuurka. ==Juquraafiga== Somaliland waxay dhacdaa Geeska Afrika, taasi oo udhexaysa dhigaha 08°00' – 11°30' waqooyiga dhulbadhaha iyo loolasha 42°30' – 49°00' ee bariga [[Greenwich]]. Waxa dhinaca galbeed ka xiga wadanka [[Jabuuti]], dhinaca koonfureed wadanka [[Itoobiya]], iyo dhinaca bari oo ka xigto maamul-goboleedka [[Puntland]]. Somaliland waxay leedahay xeeb-badeed dhererkeedu le'eg yahay {{convert|740|km|mi|0}};viyo dhul baaxadeedu le'eg yahay {{convert|176120|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|title=Somalia|accessdate=31 May 2009|date=14 May 2009|work=[[World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=1 Bisha Todobaad 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Somaliland waxa ay dhul ahaan fidsantahay 137000 km laba jibbaaran dhulaka ay ka koobantahya jamhuuriyadani waxa uu u badanyahay dhul deegaana am waaba lawada daganyahay waxa uuleeyahay buuro iyo meelo banaan ah haddii lysidhaahdo taariikhda uu wadankani lereyahay iyo taariihda uu shacabkani leeyahayba ka sheekeeya waxay noqonaysaa mid aad u dheer. <gallery mode="packed" caption="Muuqaalka juquraafiga Somaliland"> File:Lamadayawaterfalls6.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Lamadaya]] waa biyo-dhacyo ku yaal buurta [[Cal Madow]]. File:Somalia (Somaliland)(168).jpg|upright|thumb|Baadiyaha Somaliland. File:Almadow Overview.JPG|upright|thumb|Muuqaalka Buuraha [[Cal Madow]] Buuraha, oo hoy u ah noocyo fara badan oo fara badan. File:Somaliland (6936771853) (2).jpg|thumb|Xeebta [[Berbera]] File:Ceebaad island, Zeila Archipelago, Somaliland.jpg|[[Ceebaad|Jasiirada Ceebaad]], [[Jasiirada Sacadaddin]]. </gallery> ===Gobolada=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg [[Gobolada Somaliland]]'' Sanadkan 2020, Somaliland waxa ay ka kooban tahay 6 gobol, kuwaasi oo ugu weyn tahay gobolka [[sanaag]]. Gobolada somaliland intii u dhaxaysa 22 maarso ilaa 22 may, 2008, waxa uu madaxwaynihii horore ee [[Somaliland]] magacaabay gobolo cusub oo lagu daray goboladii hore ee lixda ahaa taas oo kadhigatay gobolada somaliland 13 gobol, gobolda cusub ee kuwii hore lagu daray waxa ay yihiin sidan. {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 align=center style="border:1px solid grey; border-collapse:collapse" |- ! bgcolor=lightgrey | # ! bgcolor=lightgrey | Gobol ! bgcolor=lightgrey | Magaalo Madax | bgcolor=white rowspan="14" | [[image: Somaliland regions.svg|380 px]] |- | 1 | [[Awdal]] | [[Boorama]] |- | 2 | [[Maroodi Jeex]] | [[Hargeysa]] |- | 3 | [[Saaxil]] | [[Berbera]] |- | 4 | [[Togdheer]] | [[Burco]] |- | 5 | [[Sool]] | [[Laascaanood]] |- | 6 | [[Sanaag]] | [[Ceerigaabo]] |- |} ===Magaalooyinka Waawayn=== ::''Sidoo kale fiiri: [[Magaalooyinka Somaliland]]'' <gallery> File:Borama2.jpg|[[Borama]] File: Hargeisa capital of Somaliland.jpg |[[Hargeysa]] File: Berbera, Somaliland.jpg|[[Berbera]] File: Laascaanood 2.jpg |[[Laascaanood]] </gallery> ===Cimiladda=== Somaliland waxay dhacdaa waqooyiga [[Dhulbadhe|dhulbadaha]]. Waa deegaan qalalan ([[Lamadegaan la mood]]), isku celceliska heerkulku yahay {{convert|25|to|35|C}} taasi oo hesha roob dhan {{convert|446|mm}} sanadkii.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://journeysbydesign.com/destinations/somaliland/when-to-go|title=SOMALILAND CLIMATE : when to visit|website=Jouneys by Design|language=en|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> Deegaanada Somaliland waxaa loo qeybiyaa sadex nooc oo kala ah: (1). [[Guban]]: dhul lamadegaan qalalan (2) [[Oogo]]: xooggag sare (3) [[Hawd]]: dhul daaqsiimeed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Somaliland in Figures|url=http://slministryofplanning.org/images/Statistics/SomalilandInfigures2015.pdf|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2020-06-20|archive-date=2017-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816233801/http://slministryofplanning.org/images/Statistics/SomalilandInfigures2015.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> {{Weather box |location = [[Hargeysa]] |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 31.1 |Feb record high C = 31.7 |Mar record high C = 32.8 |Apr record high C = 32.8 |May record high C = 35.0 |Jun record high C = 33.9 |Jul record high C = 33.9 |Aug record high C = 33.3 |Sep record high C = 32.8 |Oct record high C = 31.7 |Nov record high C = 30.6 |Dec record high C = 28.9 |year record high C = 35.0 |Jan high C = 24.2 |Feb high C = 26.6 |Mar high C = 28.7 |Apr high C = 29.2 |May high C = 30.5 |Jun high C = 31.0 |Jul high C = 29.2 |Aug high C = 29.2 |Sep high C = 30.5 |Oct high C = 28.2 |Nov high C = 26.0 |Dec high C = 23.7 |year high C = 28.1 |Jan mean C = 17.7 |Feb mean C = 18.7 |Mar mean C = 21.6 |Apr mean C = 23.0 |May mean C = 24.1 |Jun mean C = 24.3 |Jul mean C = 23.6 |Aug mean C = 23.6 |Sep mean C = 23.6 |Oct mean C = 24.1 |Nov mean C = 18.7 |Dec mean C = 18.0 |year mean C = 21.7 |Jan low C = 11.6 |Feb low C = 12.6 |Mar low C = 15.0 |Apr low C = 16.6 |May low C = 17.7 |Jun low C = 17.7 |Jul low C = 17.1 |Aug low C = 17.1 |Sep low C = 17.1 |Oct low C = 15.0 |Nov low C = 13.1 |Dec low C = 12.1 |year low C = 15.2 |Jan record low C = 2.8 |Feb record low C = 2.8 |Mar record low C = 3.9 |Apr record low C = 9.4 |May record low C = 11.7 |Jun record low C = 11.7 |Jul record low C = 10.5 |Aug record low C = 11.1 |Sep record low C = 11.1 |Oct record low C = 7.2 |Nov record low C = 4.4 |Dec record low C = 4.4 |year record low C = 2.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 2 |Feb precipitation mm = 2 |Mar precipitation mm = 36 |Apr precipitation mm = 53 |May precipitation mm = 49 |Jun precipitation mm = 61 |Jul precipitation mm = 38 |Aug precipitation mm = 81 |Sep precipitation mm = 61 |Oct precipitation mm = 20 |Nov precipitation mm = 8 |Dec precipitation mm = 1 |year precipitation mm = 412 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1 |Feb precipitation days = 1 |Mar precipitation days = 3 |Apr precipitation days = 6 |May precipitation days = 7 |Jun precipitation days = 9 |Jul precipitation days = 8 |Aug precipitation days = 10 |Sep precipitation days = 11 |Oct precipitation days = 4 |Nov precipitation days = 1 |Dec precipitation days = 0 |year precipitation days = 61 |Jan humidity = 65 |Feb humidity = 65 |Mar humidity = 58 |Apr humidity = 57 |May humidity = 56 |Jun humidity = 55 |Jul humidity = 53 |Aug humidity = 53 |Sep humidity = 55 |Oct humidity = 56 |Nov humidity = 61 |Dec humidity = 64 |year humidity = |Jan percentsun = 80 |Feb percentsun = 73 |Mar percentsun = 80 |Apr percentsun = 73 |May percentsun = 64 |Jun percentsun = 73 |Jul percentsun = 64 |Aug percentsun = 64 |Sep percentsun = 73 |Oct percentsun = 80 |Nov percentsun = 80 |Dec percentsun = 80 |year percentsun = 74 |source 1 = Food and Agriculture Organization: Somalia Water and Land Management (temperatures, humidity and percent sunshine)<ref> {{cite web | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161104142616/http://www.faoswalim.org/resources/site_files/W-01%20Climate%20of%20Somalia_0.pdf | archivedate = 4 November 2016 | url = http://www.faoswalim.org/resources/site_files/W-01%20Climate%20of%20Somalia_0.pdf | title = Climate of Somalia | publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization | pages = 69–73 | accessdate = 4 November 2016 | url-status = | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://sddr.faoswalim.org/downloads/Long%20Term%20Mean_Monthly__sunshine%20fraction.xls |title = Long term mean monthly sunshine fraction in Somalia |publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization |accessdate = 4 November 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005063105/http://sddr.faoswalim.org/downloads/Long%20Term%20Mean_Monthly__sunshine%20fraction.xls |archive-date = 5 October 2016 |url-status = |df = dmy-all }}</ref> |source 2 = Deutscher Wetterdienst<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_631700_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Hargeisa / Somalia | work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = German | accessdate = 4 November 2016}}</ref> }} {{Weather box|location = [[Borama]] |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = 24.6 |Feb high C = 25.4 |Mar high C = 27.5 |Apr high C = 27.8 |May high C = 29.3 |Jun high C = 30.0 |Jul high C = 28.8 |Aug high C = 28.8 |Sep high C = 29.0 |Oct high C = 27.4 |Nov high C = 25.8 |Dec high C = 24.4 |Jan low C = 9.7 |Feb low C = 11.7 |Mar low C = 13.8 |Apr low C = 15.7 |May low C = 17.0 |Jun low C = 18.3 |Jul low C = 17.8 |Aug low C = 17.6 |Sep low C = 17.3 |Oct low C = 13.7 |Nov low C = 11.3 |Dec low C = 10.4 |Jan rain mm = 6 |Feb rain mm = 21 |Mar rain mm = 36 |Apr rain mm = 86 |May rain mm = 61 |Jun rain mm = 32 |Jul rain mm = 78 |Aug rain mm = 112 |Sep rain mm = 86 |Oct rain mm = 18 |Nov rain mm = 10 |Dec rain mm = 2 |source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faoswalim.org/ftp/Land_Reports/Cleared/L-12%20Land%20Resources%20of%20Somalia.pdf |title=Land Resources Assessment of Somalia |date=June 2009 |publisher=[[Somalia Water and Land Information Management Project]] |page=10 |accessdate=1 October 2013 |url-status= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010751/http://www.faoswalim.org/ftp/Land_Reports/Cleared/L-12%20Land%20Resources%20of%20Somalia.pdf |archivedate=5 October 2013 }}</ref> }} {{Weather box|location = [[Berbera]] | metric first = Y | single line = Y | Jan record high C = 35.3 | Feb record high C = 35.0 | Mar record high C = 35.0 | Apr record high C = 42.2 | May record high C = 47.3 | Jun record high C = 49.1 | Jul record high C = 47.7 | Aug record high C = 46.7 | Sep record high C = 46.0 | Oct record high C = 41.7 | Nov record high C = 36.7 | Dec record high C = 36.1 | year record high C = 49.1 | Jan high C = 27.9 | Feb high C = 29.2 | Mar high C = 30.7 | Apr high C = 31.0 | May high C = 35.7 | Jun high C = 42.8 | Jul high C = 42.9 | Aug high C = 41.9 | Sep high C = 39.7 | Oct high C = 33.1 | Nov high C = 30.0 | Dec high C = 28.6 | year high C = 34.5 | Jan mean C = 25.0 | Feb mean C = 25.0 | Mar mean C = 26.1 | Apr mean C = 28.3 | May mean C = 31.1 | Jun mean C = 33.5 | Jul mean C = 36.1 | Aug mean C = 35.6 | Sep mean C = 33.3 | Oct mean C = 28.8 | Nov mean C = 26.7 | Dec mean C = 26.7 | year mean C = 30.0 | Jan low C = 21.3 | Feb low C = 21.6 | Mar low C = 23.3 | Apr low C = 25.2 | May low C = 27.7 | Jun low C = 31.0 | Jul low C = 31.8 | Aug low C = 31.1 | Sep low C = 29.3 | Oct low C = 24.0 | Nov low C = 22.2 | Dec low C = 21.6 | year low C = 25.8 | Jan record low C = 14.4 | Feb record low C = 15.6 | Mar record low C = 16.7 | Apr record low C = 18.9 | May record low C = 20.6 | Jun record low C = 22.2 | Jul record low C = 20.6 | Aug record low C = 20.0 | Sep record low C = 17.8 | Oct record low C = 16.7 | Nov record low C = 16.1 | Dec record low C = 15.0 | year record low C = 14.4 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 8 | Feb precipitation mm = 2 | Mar precipitation mm = 5 | Apr precipitation mm = 12 | May precipitation mm = 8 | Jun precipitation mm = 1 | Jul precipitation mm = 1 | Aug precipitation mm = 2 | Sep precipitation mm = 1 | Oct precipitation mm = 2 | Nov precipitation mm = 5 | Dec precipitation mm = 5 | year precipitation mm = 52 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 0.6 | Feb precipitation days = 0.6 | Mar precipitation days = 0.5 | Apr precipitation days = 0.7 | May precipitation days = 0.8 | Jun precipitation days = 0.1 | Jul precipitation days = 0.3 | Aug precipitation days = 0.5 | Sep precipitation days = 0.4 | Oct precipitation days = 0.2 | Nov precipitation days = 0.3 | Dec precipitation days = 0.4 | year precipitation days = 5.2 | Jan humidity = 78 | Feb humidity = 79 | Mar humidity = 79 | Apr humidity = 81 | May humidity = 73 | Jun humidity = 49 | Jul humidity = 44 | Aug humidity = 45 | Sep humidity = 51 | Oct humidity = 72 | Nov humidity = 74 | Dec humidity = 76 | year humidity = 67 | Jan percentsun = 80 | Feb percentsun = 80 | Mar percentsun = 80 | Apr percentsun = 83 | May percentsun = 83 | Jun percentsun = 87 | Jul percentsun = 80 | Aug percentsun = 87 | Sep percentsun = 87 | Oct percentsun = 87 | Nov percentsun = 87 | Dec percentsun = 80 | year percentsun = | source 1 = Arab Meteorology Book (average temperatures, humidity and precipitation),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf | title = Appendix I: Meteorological Data | publisher = Springer | accessdate = 22 October 2016 | ciwaan = Nuqul Archive | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072830/http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Deutscher Wetterdienst<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_631600_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Berbera / Somalia | work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = German | accessdate = 22 October 2016}}</ref> | source 2 = Food and Agriculture Organization: Somalia Water and Land Management (percent sunshine)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://sddr.faoswalim.org/downloads/Long%20Term%20Mean_Monthly__sunshine%20fraction.xls |title = Long term mean monthly sunshine fraction in Somalia |publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization |accessdate = 4 November 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005063105/http://sddr.faoswalim.org/downloads/Long%20Term%20Mean_Monthly__sunshine%20fraction.xls |archive-date = 5 October 2016 |url-status = |df = dmy-all }}</ref> }} {{Weather box | location = [[Burco]] | single line = Yes | metric first = Yes | Jan high F = 79.7 | Feb high F = 82.4 | Mar high F = 85.5 | Apr high F = 87.3 | May high F = 88.3 | Jun high F = 88 | Jul high F = 84.9 | Aug high F = 86.7 | Sep high F = 88.9 | Oct high F = 85.6 | Nov high F = 81.7 | Dec high F = 79.7 | year high F = 84.9 | Jan low F = 54.9 | Feb low F = 56.8 | Mar low F = 60.1 | Apr low F = 63.1 | May low F = 65.1 | Jun low F = 66.9 | Jul low F = 66.9 | Aug low F = 67.1 | Sep low F = 66.9 | Oct low F = 61.2 | Nov low F = 57.7 | Dec low F = 55 | year low F = 61.8 | Jan precipitation mm = 2 | Feb precipitation mm = 0 | Mar precipitation mm = 6 | Apr precipitation mm = 50 | May precipitation mm = 59 | Jun precipitation mm = 14 | Jul precipitation mm = 13 | Aug precipitation mm = 13 | Sep precipitation mm = 30 | Oct precipitation mm = 26 | Nov precipitation mm = 9 | Dec precipitation mm = 0 | year precipitation mm = 222 | source 1 = Weatherbase<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=631750&refer=wikipedia | title = Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Burao, Somalia | publisher = Weatherbase | year = 2011 | accessdate = 24 November 2011 | ciwaan = Nuqul Archive | archive-date = 7 Bisha Sideedaad 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200807094958/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=631750&refer=wikipedia | dead-url = yes }}</ref> | source 2 = Climate Data.ORG<ref> {{cite web | url = http://en.climate-data.org/location/907/ |title =Climate: Burao, Somalia | publisher = Climate-Data.org | year = 2013 | accessdate = 28 December 2013 }}</ref> }} {{Weather box|location = [[Ceerigaabo]] |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 30.5 |Feb record high C = 33.5 |Mar record high C = 32.0 |Apr record high C = 33.5 |May record high C = 31.5 |Jun record high C = 30.5 |Jul record high C = 30.5 |Aug record high C = 30.0 |Sep record high C = 30.0 |Oct record high C = 29.5 |Nov record high C = 29.5 |Dec record high C = 28.0 |year record high C = 33.5 |Jan high C = 24.5 |Feb high C = 25.5 |Mar high C = 25.5 |Apr high C = 26.5 |May high C = 26.5 |Jun high C = 26.0 |Jul high C = 26.0 |Aug high C = 26.0 |Sep high C = 25.5 |Oct high C = 25.0 |Nov high C = 24.0 |Dec high C = 23.5 |year high C = 25.5 |Jan mean C = 15.0 |Feb mean C = 16.0 |Mar mean C = 17.0 |Apr mean C = 18.0 |May mean C = 19.0 |Jun mean C = 19.5 |Jul mean C = 19.5 |Aug mean C = 19.5 |Sep mean C = 18.5 |Oct mean C = 16.5 |Nov mean C = 15.5 |Dec mean C = 14.5 |year mean C = 17.5 |Jan low C = 5.5 |Feb low C = 7.0 |Mar low C = 8.5 |Apr low C = 10.0 |May low C = 11.5 |Jun low C = 13.0 |Jul low C = 13.5 |Aug low C = 13.5 |Sep low C = 11.5 |Oct low C = 8.5 |Nov low C = 7.0 |Dec low C = 5.5 |year low C = 9.5 |Jan record low C = -3.5 |Feb record low C = 0.5 |Mar record low C = 0.5 |Apr record low C = 2.0 |May record low C = 1.5 |Jun record low C = 4.0 |Jul record low C = 5.0 |Aug record low C = 4.5 |Sep record low C = 3.0 |Oct record low C = 0.0 |Nov record low C = -3.0 |Dec record low C = -3.5 |year record low C = -3.5 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 18 |Feb precipitation mm = 13 |Mar precipitation mm = 33 |Apr precipitation mm = 38 |May precipitation mm = 81 |Jun precipitation mm = 64 |Jul precipitation mm = 10 |Aug precipitation mm = 41 |Sep precipitation mm = 114 |Oct precipitation mm = 8 |Nov precipitation mm = 13 |Dec precipitation mm = 2 |year precipitation mm = 435 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1 |Feb precipitation days = 3 |Mar precipitation days = 6 |Apr precipitation days = 5 |May precipitation days = 8 |Jun precipitation days = 9 |Jul precipitation days = 1 |Aug precipitation days = 5 |Sep precipitation days = 15 |Oct precipitation days = 1 |Nov precipitation days = 2 |Dec precipitation days = 0 |year precipitation days = 56 |time day = 14:00 |Jan humidity = 34 |Feb humidity = 35 |Mar humidity = 42 |Apr humidity = 56 |May humidity = 51 |Jun humidity = 48 |Jul humidity = 43 |Aug humidity = 49 |Sep humidity = 55 |Oct humidity = 43 |Nov humidity = 34 |Dec humidity = 37 |year humidity = 44 |source 1 = Deutscher Wetterdienst<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_631800_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Erigavo / Somalia | work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = German | accessdate = 4 November 2016}}</ref> |date = July 2012}} ==Dowlada iyo Siyaasada== ===Madaxweyneyaasha=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; float:right; margin-right:9px; margin-right:2px;" |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[File: Muse Bihi official portrait 2017 (cropped).jpg|130px]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[File:Vice President of Somaliland Abdirahman SayliciSaylici.jpg|160px]] |- | style="text-align:center;"|[[Muuse Biixi]]<br /><small>[[File:Seal of the President of the Republic of Somaliland.png|20x20px]] [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxwaynaha]]</small> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Cabdiraxmaan Saylici]]<br /><small>[[File:Emblem of Somaliland.svg|15x15px]] [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland|Madaxweyne ku xigeenka]]</small> |} ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dawladda Somaliland]] iyo [[Siyaasadda Somaliland]]'' [[File:Somaliland Parliament (5981346680).jpg|thumb|250px|Wasiirka Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibedda ee Ingiriiska Henry Bellingham oo la hadlaya [[baarlamaanka Somaliland]], July [[2011]]]] Guurtidu waxay la shaqeysay hoggaamiyeyaashii jabhadda si ay u soo dhisaan dowlad cusub, waxaana lagu soo daray qaab dhismeedka dowladnimada, waxayna noqotay Golaha Guurtida ee Barlamaanka. iyo guryaha Hoose oo si saami ahaan loogu qoondeeyey qabaa'ilka iyadoo lagu saleynayo qaacido horay loo sii dejiyey, in kasta oo reeraha oo dhami aysan ku qanacsanayn matalaadooda. Sannadkii 2002, ka dib markii dhawr jeer loo kordhiyey dawladdan ku-meel-gaadhka ah, Somaliland waxay u gudubtay dimuqraadiyadda xisbiyada badan. Doorashadu waxay ku koobnayd saddex xisbi, iyada oo la isku dayayo in la abuuro doorashooyin ku dhisan fikrad halkii laga dooran lahaa qaab qabiil. Laga bilaabo Diseembar 2014, Somaliland waxay leedahay saddex xisbi siyaasadeed: Xisbiga Nabadda, Midnimada, iyo Horumarka, Xisbiga Caddaaladda iyo Horumarka, iyo Wadani. Sida ku xusan dastuurka Somaliland, ugu badnaan saddex xisbi siyaasadeed ayaa loo oggol yahay. Fulinta waxaa hogaamiya madaxweyne la soo doortay, oo dowladdiisa ay ka mid yihiin madaxweyne-ku-xigeen iyo Golaha Wasiirrada. Golaha Wasiirrada, oo mas'uul ka ah howlaha caadiga ah ee dowladda, waxaa soo magacaaba Madaxweynaha, waxaana oggolaada Golaha Wakiillada ee Baarlamaanka. Madaxweynuhu waa inuu ansixiyaa hindise sharciyeedyada ay ansixiyeen Baarlamaanku intaanay dhaqan gelin. Doorashada madaxtinimada waxaa xaqiijiyey guddiga doorashooyinka qaranka ee Somaliland. Madaxweynaha wuxuu shaqeyn karaa ugu badnaan laba xilli oo shan sano ah. [[File:Tuur-and-Egaal.jpg|thumb|250px|Madaxweynaha waqtigiisu dhammaaday, [[Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur]], wuxuu hoolka ka baxayaa isaga iyo madaxweynaha cusub ee la doortay [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]]. C / Raxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur waxaa oday ugu hambalyeeynayaa go, aankiisa ah inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada isla markaana si nabadgelyo ah isu soo taago kadib maalmo dhowr dood adag iyo gorgortan.]] Golaha Wakiilada (Aqalka Hoose) ee Baarlamaanka Somaliland. Awooda sharci dejinta waxaa leh baarlamaanka labada aqal. Aqalkiisa sare waa Golaha Guurtida, qolkan waxaa gudoomiye ka ah Suleiman Mohamoud Adan, aqalka hoose waa Golaha Wakiilada. Aqalka hoose waxaa gudoomiye ka ah Baashe Maxamed Faarax. Guri kasta wuxuu leeyahay 82 xubnood. Xubnaha Golaha Guurtida waxaa si dadban u doorta beelaha deegaanka muddo lix sano ah. Golaha Guurtidu wuxuu la wadaagayaa awooda gudbinta shuruucda Golaha Wakiilada, sidoo kale wuxuu leeyahay doorka xalinta khilaafaadka gudaha, iyo awood gaar ah oo lagu kordhiyo muddada Madaxweynaha iyo wakiilada iyadoo lagu jiro duruufaha doorashada ka dhigaya mid aan macquul aheyn. Xubnaha Golaha Wakiillada waxaa si toos ah u doorta dadku shan sano. Golaha Wakiiladu wuxuu la wadaagayaa awooda codbixinta Golaha Guurtida, in kasta oo ay soo saari karaan sharci Golaha Guurtidu diidayo hadii ay u codeeyaan sharciga aqlabiyada 2/3, waxayna awood buuxda ku leeyihiin arimaha dhaqaalaha iyo xaqiijinta magacaabista Madaxweynaha. (marka laga reebo Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare). Nidaamka garsoorku wuxuu u qaybsan yahay maxkamadaha degmada, (oo ka hadlaya arrimaha sharciga qoyska iyo isku xigxiga, dacwadaha oo gaaraya ilaa 3 milyan oo SL ah, kiisaska ciqaabta oo ciqaabtiisu tahay ilaa 3 sano oo xarig ah ama 3 milyan oo ganaax lacageed ah oo SL ah, iyo dambiyada ay galaan dhalinyarada) , maxkamadaha gobolka (kuwaas oo ka shaqeeya dacwadaha iyo kiisaska ciqaabta ee aan ku hoos jirin xukunka maxkamadaha degmada, sheegashooyinka shaqada iyo shaqaalaynta, iyo doorashooyinka dawladaha hoose), maxkamadaha rafcaanka ee gobolka (kuwaas oo wax ka qabta dhammaan rafcaannada ka imanaya maxkamadaha degmooyinka iyo gobollada), iyo Maxkamadda Sare (kaas oo ka hadlaya arrimaha u dhexeeya maxkamadaha iyo dawladda, isla markaana dib u eegis ku sameeya go'aannadeeda), oo ah maxkamadda ugu sarraysa sidoo kalena u shaqaysa sida Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah. Sharciga Jinsiyadaha Somaliland wuxuu qeexayaa qofka muwaadin Somaliland ah, Haweenka reer Somaliland, oo xidhan midabada calanka Somaliland, ka hor doorashadii baarlamaanka ee 2005. Dawladda Somaliland waxay sii waddaa inay ku dhaqanto xeerka ciqaabta ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya 1962dii. Sidan oo kale, falalka khaniisiinta ayaa sharci darro ka ah gayiga. Guriga Freedom wuxuu ku qiimeeyaa dawladda Somaliland qayb ahaan dimuqraadiyadda. Seth Kaplan (2011) wuxuu ku doodayaa in si ka duwan koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo dhulalka ku dhow, ay Somaliland, gooni u goosadka waqooyiga-galbeed ee Soomaaliya, ay ka dhistay qaab dimoqraadi ah oo maamul hoosta ilaa kor, iyadoo aan haba yaraatee lahayn wax kaalmo shisheeye ah. Si gaar ah, Kaplan wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in Somaliland ay leedahay nidaamka siyaasadeed ee ugu dimuqraadiyadda wanaagsan geeska Afrika maxaa yeelay waxaa inta badan laga soo cayimay cunsuriyiinta xagjirka ah ee ka jira Soomaaliya inteeda kale waxayna leedahay hanaan doorasho iyo sharci dejin iyo sidoo kale nidaam gaar ah oo adag. ===Xidhiidhka Dibada=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Xidhiidhka Dibada ee Somaliland]]'' [[File:The President of Somaliland, Musa Bihi Abdi And the Guinean Foreign minister, Mamadi Toure.jpg|thumb|250px|Madaxweynaha Somaliland, [[Muuse Biixi]], ayaa booqasho ku tegey Jamhuuriyadda Guinea.]] Somaliland waxay xidhiidh siyaasadeed la leedahay dalalka deriska la ah ee Itoobiya iyo Jabuuti, Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha oo aan xubin ka ahayn Qaramada Midoobay, iyo sidoo kale Koonfur Afrika, Sweden, Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyo waddan yar oo Liberland ah. 17-kii Janaayo 2007, Midowga Yurub (EU) wuxuu wafdi u diray arrimaha dibedda si ay uga wada hadlaan iskaashiga mustaqbalka. Midowga Afrika (AU) wuxuu kaloo diray wasiir arrimo dibadeed si uu ugala hadlo mustaqbalka ictiraafka caalamiga, 29kii iyo 30kii Janaayo 2007, wasiiradu waxay sheegeen inay ictiraafka kala hadli doonaan dowladaha xubnaha ka ah ururka. Horraantii 2006, Golaha Qaranka ee Wales ayaa casuumaad rasmi ah u fidiyay dawladda Somaliland si ay uga soo qayb galaan furitaanka boqortooyada ee Senedd ee Cardiff. Tallaabadan ayaa loo arkay inay tahay tallaabo ay Golaha Welsh ku aqoonsadeen sharcinimada dowladda gooni u goosadka ah. Xafiiska Arimaha Dibadda iyo Barwaaqo Sooranka ayaanan wax faallo ah ka bixin casuumaada. Gobolka Wales waxaa ku nool jaaliyad Soomaali ah oo muhiim ah oo ka timid Somaliland. Sanadkii 2007, wafdi uu hogaaminayo Madaxweyne Kaahin ayaa goobjoog ka ahaa shirkii madaxda dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Barwaaqo Sooranka ee ka dhacay magaalada Kampala ee xarunta dalka Uganda. In kasta oo ay Somaliland codsatay ka mid noqoshada Barwaaqa Sooranka iyada oo ku hoos jirta xaalad goobjooge, codsigeedii weli waa la sugayaa. [[File:Missions in Somaliland.png|thumb|right|250px|Khariidada xafiisyada diblomaasiyadeed ee Somaliland{{legend|#ff0000|Somaliland}} <!--{{legend|#212178|States with embassy in Somaliland}}--> {{legend|#5f8dd3|Dowladdaha leh qunsuliyadda ama xafiiska wakiilka ee Somaliland}} <!--{{legend|#aaccff|Dowladdo safaarad aan deganayn ku leh Somaliland}}-->]] 24 Sebtember [[2010]], Johnnie Carson, Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha Arimaha Dibada ee Arimaha Afrika, wuxuu sheegay in Mareykanku uu wax ka badalidoono istiraatiijiyaddiisa Soomaaliya uuna raadinayo xiriir qoto dheer oo uu la yeesho dowladaha Somaliland iyo Puntland isagoo sii wadaya taageerida Dowlada KMG ee Soomaaliya. Carson wuxuu sheegay in Mareykanku u diri doono shaqaalaha gargaarka iyo diblomaasiyiinta Puntland iyo Somaliland wuxuuna si toos ah u sheegay suurtagalnimada mashaariic horumarineed oo mustaqbalka ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Carson wuxuu carabka ku adkeeyay in Mareykanku uusan u fidin doonin aqoonsi rasmi ah labada gobol midkoodna. Madaxweyne Siilaanyo ee Somaliland bishii Noofambar 2010 si uu ugala hadlo sidii loo kordhin lahaa wax ka qabashada Ingiriiska ee Somaliland. Madaxweyne Siilaanyo wuxuu yidhi safarkiisii ​​London “Waxaan la shaqeynaynay beesha caalamka beesha caalamkuna way nala shaqeyneysay, annaga oo bixinayna anaga oo naga caawinay kanala shaqeynayna barnaamijyada dimoqraadiyeynta iyo horumarka. Waxaan aad ugu faraxsanahay sida bulshada caalamku ay noola macaamileen, gaar ahaan UK, Mareykanka, quruumaha kale ee Yurub iyo deriskeena oo weli raadinaya ictiraaf Ictiraafka Somaliland ee Boqortooyada Midowday (UK) waxa kale oo taageeray Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida ee UK, oo ku soo galay kaalinta 3aad ee codadkii dadweynaha ee doorashadii guud ee 2015. Hogaamiyaha UKIP, Nigel Farage, ayaa la kulmay Cali Aadan Cawaale, Madaxa Ergada Somaliland ee UK Uk maalinta qaranimada Somaliland, 18 May, 2015, si ay u muujiyaan taageerada UKIP ee Somaliland. Nigel Farage wuxuu yidhi “Somaliland waxay 24-kii sano ee u dambeeyay u ahayd ilayska nabada, dimuqraadiyada iyo ku dhaqanka sharciga, ee Geeska Afrika 24-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Waxay ku beegan tahay wakhtigii UK iyo bulshada kale ee caalamku aqoonsadeen qadiyada Somaliland ee aqoonsiga. Waa waqtigii nabada la abaalmarin lahaa. In UK ay dhabarka u jeediso dalabkooda sharciga ah ee madaxbanaanida, waa khalad, waa wax aan caadi aheyn inaanan u ololeynin aqbalitaankooda Barwaaqo Sooranka. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, waxaan taageernay aqbalida dalal ay ka mid yihiin Mozambique oo aan xidhiidh taariikhi ah la lahayn Ingiriiska, laakiin Somaliland, oo hore u ahaan jirtay maxmiyad ayaa hartay qabow. Tani waa inay isbedeshaa". [[File:Somaliland Foreign Minister Hagi Mohamoud with Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen.jpg|thumb|250px|Wasiirka Arimaha Dibada Somaliland Hagi Mohamoud oo uu weheliyo Madaxweynaha Taiwan Tsai Ing-wen.]] Sannadkii [[2011]], Somaliland iyo gobolka deriska la ah ee Puntland wuxuu mid waliba la galay heshiis is-afgarad oo la xiriira nabadgelyada Jasiiradda Seychelles. Iyadoo la raacayo qaab dhismeedka heshiis hore oo ay kala saxiixdeen Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah iyo Seychelles, qoraalka ayaa ah "in dadka la xukumay loo wareejiyo xabsiyada 'Puntland' iyo 'Somaliland'. 1dii Julay [[2020]], Somaliland iyo Taiwan waxay kala saxeexdeen heshiis lagu aasaasayo xafiisyo wakiillo ka shaqeeya si kor loogu qaado iskaashiga labada dal. Wadashaqeynta labada siyaasadood ee ku saabsan waxbarashada, amniga badaha, iyo daawada waxay bilaabatay 2009, shaqaalaha Taiwan waxay soo galeen Somaliland Febraayo 2020 si ay ugu diyaar garoobaan xafiiska wakiilka. ===Doorashooyinka Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Doorashooyinka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Elections in Somaliland.jpg|thumb|250px|Doorashooyinka Somaliland qof iyo cod]] Burburkii dowladdii militariga ee ka talineysay Soomaaliya 1991 AD, hoggaamiyeyaashii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed waxay qaadeen tallaabo ay ku dhawaaqeen gooni u goosadka gobolka woqooyi ee Soomaaliya, oo markaas ku jiray shan gobol oo ka tirsan Soomaaliya inteeda kale, isla sannadkaas. . Intaa wixii ka dambeeyay, Somaliland waxay ku guuleysatay inay gaarto dib u heshiisiin dhab ah oo dhex marta beelaha wada dega gobolka, waxayna ka shaqeysay fidinta amniga, kala dambeynta iyo sharciga, waxayna ku ansixisay dastuurkeedii ugu horreeyay afti laga qaaday 2001. Waxay sidoo kale abaabushay, xilliyo kala duwan, bilaash iyo doorashooyin guuleysta oo ay kujiraan doorashooyinka dowladaha hoose, sharci dejinta iyo madaxweynaha. Waxa wadankan ka dhacay doorashooyin madax banaan oo shacabku si run ah ay u dooranayeen waxa kale oo horay uga dhacay somaliland doorashooyin doorashaddii, uguhoraysay ee kadhacady somaliland waxa ay hayd dheceen sanadii 1997 waxca ku gulaystay madaxwayne [[Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]] doorashada labaad ee kadhacady somalilad waxa ay dhacday sanadii 2003 halka tii sadexaad oo ah in ay jabisay rikoodhkii u yaaly afrika oo ahaaa in laba doorasho oo isku xiga wax kacadani aany wadan afrikaana kadhici iyada oo lagu yaqaanay in haddii doorasho sadexaad loodhaqaaqo uu wadankasta oo afrika kuyaala dagaal sokeeye ka bilaabmi jiray. ayaa wadanka somaliland waxa uu marayaa doorashaddii sadexaad ee si habsamiya uga dhacda doorashadan ugu danbaysay waxa ay djacday sandkii aynu soodhaafanay ee 2010ka waxaana madaxwayne loo doortay mujaaahidka wayn ee axmed maxamed maxamuud [[siilaanyo]] ===Ciidanka=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Ciidanka Qaranka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Women in Somaliland Army.jpg|thumb|250px|Haweenka Ciidanka Somaliland.]] [[File:Somaliland Army 1.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Ciidanka Qaranka Somaliland]]]] '''Ciidamada Somaliland''' (''Ciidanka Qaranka'') Somalilanad waxa ay leedahay ciidan militari oo si habaysan u tababaran kaas oo ah ilaaliyaha koobaad ee ciida somaliland. ciidamada somaliland waxa ay fadhiisimo iyo saldhigyo ku leeyihiin dhamaan wadanka. ciidamada somaliland waxa ay leeyhiin dhamaan qaybaha ciidan ee wadan yeesho. waxaa sharci ahaan loo ogolyahay dadka wixii kawayn 18 ilaa 49 ciidanka [[somaliland]] waxa lagu qiyaasaa ilaa 20.000 oo askari. Ciidamada somaliland waxay ka qaybqaatan ilaalinta ciidooda taaso oo ah arin muqaddas ah. ===Astaanta=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Astaanta Qaranka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Emblem of Somaliland.svg|thumb|250px|[[Astaanta Qaranka Somaliland]]]] Astaanta Qaranka [[Somaliland]] waxaa la abaabulay [[Oktoobar]] [[1996]]dii, ayada iyo calankaba. waxa ay kakoobantahay laba kafadood iyo miisaan isleeg, oo muujinaya cadaalda dhextaala shacabka [[somaliland]] iyo gorgor sare u haya miisaanka oo isna tusaale u ah dimuquraadiyada ay somaliland kudhaqanto waxa kale o kamida astaanta qaranka laba gacmood oo issisalaamya. waxaanay tasi tusaale u tahay sinaanta iyo cadaalada iyo dimuquraadiya dhextaala dadka reer somaliland waxa kale oo kamida calaamdaha ay kakoobantahay astaanta qaranka somaliland [[laan]] geed oo muujinaysa nabada ay haystaan shacabku waxa kale oo kamida halka danbe oo ah huruud taas oo muujinaysa dhaqan wanaaga shacabka somaliland waxa kale oo walaiba kamida bisinka oo kaga yaala halka sare oo muujinaya in shacabka somaliland ay yihiin dad islaama. ===Calanka=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Calanka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Flag of Somaliland.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|left|[[Calanka Somaliland]]]] Calanka Somaliland waxa markii uguhoraysay la isticmaalay calanka [[somaliland]] ee xilagan 14 0ktoba 1996kii waxa uu calanka [[somaliland]] ka koobanyahay sadex khad ama kald oo jiif ah waxa ugu koreeya [[cagaar]] waxa [[cadaan]] oo dhexda ah iyo [[casaan]] oo hoosta ah dehexdana waxaa kaga taala calanka xidig [[madaw]] waxa dhanka sare ee calanka ku taala [[shahaadada]] (لا إله إلا الله, محمد رسول الله) oo far cad kuqoran Heesta calanka somaliland (samo kuwaar) ee hada waxaana loogu dhawaaqaa sidan. {{big|Samoo ku waar samoo ku waar Sareeye calanka sudhan biley dhulkissa Samoo ku waariyo iyo bogaadin sugan Hambalyo suuban kugu salaanee samoo ku waar Hambalyo suuban kugu salaanee samoo ku waar Geesiyaashii naftooda u sadqeeyey qaranimadad somaliland Geesiyaashii naftooda u sadqeeyey qaranimadad somaliland Xuskooda dhawrsan kugu salaanee samoo ku waar Xuskooda dhawrsan kugu salaanee samoo ku waar Guul side xambaarsan soo noqoshaddiisa Guul side xambaarsan soo noqoshaddiisa Kalsooniduu mutaystayee dastuurka Distuurka ku salaan kugu salaanee Midnimo walaalnimo gobonimoo Midnimo walaalnimo gobonimoo Islaamnimo kugu salaanee Samoow saamidiyo samoo ku waar Samoo ku waar saamo ku waar}} ===Maalinta Madaxbanaanida=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Somaliland]]'' [[File:Women from Somaliland wearing the flag of Somaliland.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|right|Haweenka Somaliland oo ka qayb galay dabaaldeggii maalinta madaxbanaanida oo ay la socdaan calanka Somaliland.]] Maalinta xoriyada Somaliland waa maalinta ee maamulka Goboleedka la aqoonsan ee u dabaaldagto xoriyada ee aaminsanyihiin in ee ka heleen soomaaliya isla markaasneh ee ka go'een soomaaliya inteeda kale.Xuskii ugu danbeeyay waxee dhacday 18 may 2011. ==Dhaqaalaha== ===Lacagta=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dhaqaalaha Somaliland]] iyo [[Dekada Berbera]]'' [[File:Somaliland Beverage Industries Factory.jpg|thumb||upright=0.8|left|[[SBI]] Warshada Coca–Cola Somaliland.]] [[File:New DP World Berbera Container Terminal Port.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Dekada Berbera]] Cusub ee DP World Berbera.]] [[File:Somaliland Shillings.jpg|thumb|right|[[Somaliland shilling|Shilin Somaliland]].]]. [[Somaliland shilling]] waa lacagta laga isticmaalo [[somaliland]] waxa lahirgaliyay daabacaada iyo isticmalka lacagtan, 18 aktobar 1994, waxa ay ka koobantahay lacagta somaliland waraaqo iyo biro kal ah sidan soo 1,5,10,20,100,500, iyo 5000 Sidan lawada socono astaanta qaranku waa shayga kaliyata ee lagu garto dawlad amaba lagu aqoonsado qaran keena, [[somaliland]] waxuu leeyahay astaan iyo lacag u gaar ah taa oo uu kaga duwan yahay bulshada caalamka iyo Gobolka geeska afrikaba, hadaba tan iyo waxii ka adan beeyay sanadkii 1991 somaliland waxay lahayd lacag u gaar ah taasi oo aan gabi hanba wada gaadhin gobolada somaliland oo dhan , iyadoo inta badan ku kooban hargaysa oo ah caasimada somaliland. halka aan lagaba aqoon gobola da kale dalka sida gobolada Bariga ee ay ka mid ka yihiin gobolka togdheer,sanaag iyo sool ,waxaana laga isticmalaa badiba lacago qalaad oo kala duwan ku wasi oo iskugu jira lacagta itopiyanka iyo lacagtii faqashta ee soomaliyadii hore, dhinacakale waxad arkaysaa markaad tagto magaloyinka aan kor ku soo xusay iyo qaar kaleba inaad markaad dhex marayso goobaha lacagaha lagu sarifo anad arkayninba wax lacag shilinka somalialand ah mana jiraan lacago somaliland ah oo ay indha haagu qabanayaan, dhinacakale´shilinka somaliland hadad is tidhaah do suqa wax kaga so iibso ama ba wax kaga soo cun hotelada laga cunteeyo lagama yaabo inaad wax lagaga iibiyo, waxa yaduna nasiib daraa in qaar kamid ah lacagta shilinka somaliland ah guud ahan ba wadanka gudihiisa lagama qaato xataa casimada inana waxba lagaga iibin ibin mayo lacagtaas oo inta badan musha har loo ´siyo ciidamada qaranka marka ay isku dayaan inay ku soo adeegtana aan lagaqadan lacagtaas aan kor ku soo xusayna waxa kamid ah 5ta´shilin 10´ka shilin iyo 20´ka shilin lacagtasi la diidayaana waa lacagtii qaranka hadaba, waxa nasiib Daraa inay somaliland ku faanto inay hormar ka gaadhay dhinacyo badan sida dimuqraadiyada ´ dhaqaalaha´ Tignolajiyada iyo waxbarashada, hadana hormar ay gaadho iska dhaafo ay lacagteedii ayaa weli saaran Geedka Madhaafto === Sahaminta shidaalka === [[File:Oil and Gas exploration activities in Somaliland.jpg|thumb|left|Hawlaha sahaminta shidaalka iyo gaaska ee [[Oodwayne]], gobolka Togdheer.]] Bishii Ogosto 2012, dawladda Somaliland waxay siisay [[Genel Energy]] ruqsad ay shidaal uga baadhi karto dhulkeeda. Natiijooyinka baadhitaanka sagxadda oo la dhammaystiray horraantii 2015 waxay xaqiijiyeen suurtagalnimada waxqabad ee ka jirta SL-10B iyo baloogga SL-13 iyo baloogga Oodweyne oo lagu qiyaasay keyd shidaal oo midkiiba gaarayo 1 bilyan oo foosto. <ref>{{cite web | title = Somaliland | url = http: //www.genelenergy.com/operations/exploration-assets/somaliland/ | access-date = 3 August 2017 | Archive-date = 4 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170804013531/http://www.genelenergy.com/operations/exploration-assets/somaliland/ | url-status = dead | ciwaan = Nuqul Archive | archive-date = 4 August 2017 | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Shirkadda Genel Energy ayaa qarka u saaran inay si fiican u qoddo sahaminta SL-10B iyo SL-13 xannibaadda Buur-Dhaab oo 20 kiiloomitir waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Caynabo]] dhammaadka 2018. <ref> {{cite web | title = Ruqsadaha Ciyaaraha ee Mesozoic Rift Play SL10B / 13 & Odewayne | url = http: // www. genelenergy.com/media/1977/genel-energy-onshore-somaliland-opportunity-summary_digital.pdf|publisher=Genel Energy | marin-u-helid = 3 Agoosto 2017 | taariikhda-taariikhda = 4 Janaayo 2017 | archive-url = https: / /web.archive.org/web/20170104062357/http://www.genelenergy.c om / media / 1977 / genel-energy-onshore-somaliland-fursad-summary_digital.pdf | url-status = dead}} </ref> ===Warbaahinta=== Somaliland waxa ay leedahay warbaahin madaxbanaan oo aanay cidi kormerin haba yaraatee war baahintaasi waxa ay isugu jirataaa warbaahinta la akhriyo tan ladaawdo iyo tan la dhagaysto. kuwa ugu waawayn ama ugu caansana waxa kamida, wargayska [[jamhuuriya]] wargayska [[haatuf]], tv ga [[horm kabel tv|horm kabel tv iyo shabakadda wararka caalamiga ah ee xoriyonews.com]] waxa jira warbaahin kale oo aad iyo aad u fara badan oo wadanka ka jira ciidamada qarnka ee somaliland waxa ay u kalabaxaan sida aan horeba usoo sheegnay qaybaha ciidan ee uu wadan yeesho * [[Berbera oil]] * [[SomCable]] * [[Dahabshiil]] * [[Golistelecom]] * [[Petrosoma]] Dawlada Ethiopia ayaa la filaayaa inay bisha tobnaad aad aqoonsato somaliland sida lagu baahiayay boga internetka ee ay dawaldu maamusho. '''Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland''' Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta [[Somaliland]] oo si rasmiya ugu Dhawaaqay inay Isu- Fureen Adeegyadoodii Taleefoonada iyo Madaxweyne Ku-xigeenka oo ka qayb galay Xafladii lagu Daah-furay. Munaasibada lagu Daahfurayay Isku-xidhka Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta [[Somaliland]] ayaa lagu qabtay Hoteelka [[Maansoor]] ee Magaalada [[Hargeysa]]. Xafladan oo lagaga dhawaaqay isku-xidhka shan Shirkadood oo ka mid ah Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland oo kala ah [[Somtel]], [[Nation Link]], [[Telcom]], [[Soltelco]], [[African Online]]., waxa ka qayb galay Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka Somaliland C/raxmaan Saylici, Wasiirka Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Axmed Xaashi Oday, Wasiirka Diinta iyo awqaafta Sh. Khaliil C/laahi, Maareeyaha Hawlaha shaqada ee Shirkadda Somtel Cali Saalax Cabdi, Mahdi Daahir Jaamac oo ah Maareeye ku-xigeenka Shirkadda Nation-link, Madax Shirkada Telcom Aadan C/laahi, Mareeyaha Shirkada Soltelco Mukhtaar Osman iyo Marti sharaf kale. Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka Somaliland C/raxmaan C/lahi Ismaaciil oo Munaasibadaasi ka hadlay ayaa soo dhaweeyay isku xidhka shirkadahan isgaadhsiinta oo wax badan ka tari doona dhibaatooyinkii Bulshada ka haysatay dhinaca Isgaadhsiinta, gaar ahaan wada hadal la’aanta dadka isticmaalada adeegyada kala duwan ee Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta. Waxaanu yidhi “Runtii waxa maanta Farxad ii ah inaan ka soo qayb galo, isku xidhkii shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta oo runtii baahi weyn loo qabay inaynu ku wada xidhiidhno, iyadoo laga maarmayo sadexdii Telefoon iyo afartii Telefoion ee markii hore la sitay, arintan oo runtii ka mid ahayd balanqaadyadii Xisbiga Kulmiye ee in adeegyada Bulshada la mideeyo”. Mr. Saylici isagoo hadalkiisa sii wata waxa uu sheegay “Maanta waxaan ku faraxsanahay in talaabada koowaad ee la qaaday inteedii badnaydna Wasiirka Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiintu halkan ka sheegay , shirkadaha laftoodiina ay ka marag kaceen, muhiimada aynu u soconaana waxay tahay inaynu shacbigeena u wada adeegno oo aynu ka saarno qoqobkii ku kala jiray ama kala xidhnaantii ku kala jirtay ,maadaama oo suuqeenu yahay suuq mid xor ah, waxaan qabaa inaanu dawladu mar walba ka madhnayn shirkadaha isgaadhsiinta oo waxa loo sameeyaa Cashuur dhaaf”. Wasiirka Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland Axmed Xaashi Oday oo Munaasibadaasi ka hadlay ayaa sheegay sheegay in Wasaarada Boosaha iyo isgaadhsiintu si isku mid ah u maamuli doonto iska Xidhka Shirdahan adeegyadooda Xidhiidhka laysku furay, isagoo hoosta ka xarriiqay inay si caadalad iyo sinaan ah ay u ilaalin doonaan dhamaan shirkadahan xuquuqdooda Ganacsi iyo sirta Adeegyadooda. Guddoomiyaha Guddidii ka soo shaqaysay isku xidhka shirkadahan Isgaadhsiinta ee mideeyay Adeegyadooda Isgaadhsiinta Mr: Jaamac X. Maxamed Cigaal ayaa isna munaasibadaasi ka sheegay qaabka ay dadku ugu wada Xidhiidhayaan shanta shirkadood ee laysku xidhay, waxaanu halkaasi ku soo. ==Bulshada== ===Maalmaha la Xuso=== *1- [[26]] [[Juun]] oo ah maalinta ay ka qadatay xornimada gumaysigii [[Ingiriis]]ka. *2- [[18. May maalinta xoriyada somaliland]] oo ku beegan 18.May.1991 kii maalintii shirweynihi shacabka reer somaliland gua'an sadiin guuni isotaga jumhuriyada somaliland ee ka dhacay Magaalada Burco. *3- Labada Ciidood ee Islaamka *4- Maalmaha Caalamiga ah sida maalinta shaqaalaha, [[AIDS|Aydhiska]], iwm. ===Luqadaha=== '''Luqadaha Somaliland''' Somaliland waxa lagaga hadlaa luqada somaliga oo boqolkiiba boqol ay kuhadalaan dadka kudhaqan somaliland waliba lahjada afsoomaaliga ugu nadiifsan amaba ugu dhaw marka laeego luqada somaliga ee qadiimka ah dadka kudhaqan somaliland lahjada afsomaliga ee ay kuhadlaan waxa ay shabahdaa ta wararka lagusiidaayo amaba saxaafada loo adeegsado. waxa kale oo somaliland lagaga hadlaa [[Carabi]]ga iyo [[Ingiriis]]iga oo ah laba luqadood oo iyana wadanka si rasmi ah looga isticmaalo, qodobka lixaad ee wadanka uyaala waxa kuqoran in somaliga carabiga iyo ingriisugu ay yihiin sadaxda luqadood ee wadanka sirasmi ah looga isticmaali karo ==Waxbarashada== ::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[:Category:Jaamacadaha Somaliland|Jaamacadaha Somaliland]]'' * [[Jaamacada Hargaysa]] * [[Jaamacadda Camuud]] * jaamacada admas * [[Jaamacad Burco]] * [[Jaamcada Golis]] * [[Jaamacada Timocade]] * [[New Generation University Hargeisa, Somaliland|Jaamacada New Generation]] * [[Jaamacadda Culuunta badda iyo Kaluumaysiga (BERBERA MARITIME AND FISHERIES ACADEMY)]] ==Warbixin Kale== ===Goobaha Dalxiiska=== Dalka Somaliland wuxu leeyahay deegaan ballaadhan oo dhul badhka uu ku fadhiyo lagu qiyaaso 136200KM2 iyo bad leh xeeb dhererkoodu dhanyahay 850Km2 laga bilaabo Lawyacaddo dhinaca galbeed illaa Ceelaayo dhinaca bari. Somaliland waa qaran ka nasiib badan qoomiyado badan oo caalamka ah marka laga eego cimillada iyo hawada meel dhexadka ah xilli kasta, dhulka fidsan iyo deegaanka kala nooc nooca ah. Goobaha aad loo dalxiiso ee Somaliland waxa ka mid ah daljirka dahsoon ee Hargeysa ku yaalla, dhammaan magaalooyinka qadiimiga ah ee dalka sida Berbera, xaruntii daraawiishta talex, Zeilac, Bullaxaar, Maydh & Xiis, Laas-qoray, jasiiradaha Sacaadadiin iyo ceebood, buurta Daallo, buurta Gacan-libaax (Waxa waliba lagu sameeyay dhisme iyo dayactir buurta dusheeda( buurta Saw, Laasgeel (Goob aasaar qadiimi ah oo sannad dhawaa khubaro faransiis ahi ka heleen degmada hore loo odhan jiray Dacar-budhuq, haddana loogu magac daray Laasgeel) ɖɦaɦaʀ ɖɦʊʟҡɨɨ զʊʀʊxɖa ɖaʀɨstɨɨ զʊʀxօօռaʏɖ ɖɦaɦaʀ ċʀɛɛռʟaռɖ iyo goobo kale oo aan xusi doonno. Waxannu ugu bushaaranaynaa soo booqdayaasha bartan inaanu boggan idiin ku soo gudbin doonno xogo iyo macluumaad faahfaahsan oo la xidhiidha dhammaan goobaha taariikhiga ah ee la dalxiiso Somaliland, xaqiiqooyin ku xeeran iyo is bedello ku yimi goobo ka mid ah. Guud ahaan, gobolkasta Somaliland waxa ka jira goobo caana ah, taariikhi ah ama lagu tilmaami karo fursadaha iyo/ama khayraadka qaaliga ah ee dalku leeyahay dhinaca dalxiiska iyo taariikhda. Laasgeel waa goob leh godod hoose oo leh xaradh iyo astaamo qadiimiga ah oo lagu qiyaasay inay noqon karayaan aasaarta taariikhiga ah ee ugu da’da weyn geeska ama qaarada Afrikaba guud ahaan marka loo eego sawirrada farshaxanka iyo astaamaha muujinaya quruumo qarniyaal badan ka hor dhulka ku noolaa. Aasaartan qadiimiga ah waxa goobtan ku ogaaday khubaro faransiis sannadkii 2002, illaa immikana waxay ka midtahay goobaha taariikhiga ah ee aad loo dalxiiso, isla markana ay Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Dawladda xaqiijiyaan nabadgelyada iyo ilaalinta aasaartan iyadoo si taxadir leh loogu oggolaado dalxiisayaashaa gaarka ah.Goobta Laasgeel waxa 6km woqooyi looga weecdaa tuulada Dhubato ee Degmada Laasgeel ee hore loo odhan jiray Dacar-budhug, immikana loogu magac daray Laasgeel oo 55KM bari ka xigta Hargeysa, kuna taalla wadada halbawlaha ah ee Hargeisa-Berbera. ===Ciyaaraha=== Ciyaaraha Somaliland Tartanka ciyaaraha [[somaliland]] oo ah mid sanadkiiba mar laqabto ayaa sanadkan ahaa mid xiiso leh,waxa sanadkan kamid ahaa ciyaaraha lagusoo bandhigay sida ciyaaraha orodada [[Kubada cagta]] [[Kubada Kolayga]] iyo waliba qaarkale oo badan.waxa sanadkan ciyaaraha 2011 ciyaaraha somaliland lagu qabtay magaalo madaxda gobolka [[Togdheer]] ee magaalda [[Burco]] gaar ahaan garoonka ciyaaraha ee caanka ah ee looyaqaano [[Alamsay]]. * [[Awdal]] * [[Hawd]] * [[Gabiley]] * [[Togdheer]] * [[Saaxil]] * [[Maroodi Jeex]] * [[sool]] * [[sanaag]] Kahor intii aan lasoo gaadhin ciyaaraha kama danbaysta ah waxa lasoomaray isreebreeb ay ka qaybqaateen dhamaan gobalada [[Somaliland]] waxaana iskusoo hadhay sideedan Gobol oo soo bandhigay ciyaaro aad iyo aad u xiiso lahaa waxaa ay ahyd markii ugu horaysay ee ciyaaraha somaliland sitoosa caalamkka looga daawado waxa siidaynta ciyaarta hawada dadaka usoo marinayaay warbaahinta qaranka iyo tan madaxa banaan waxaana laga daawanayay daafaha caalmaka. ==Muuqaalo== <gallery> File:Berbera Port2.jpg| File:Klipspringer.jpg| File:EgalInternationalAirport.jpg| File:Henna for hair.jpg| File:Canjeelo.jpg|[[laxoox]] File:Almadow Overview.JPG|Buurta [[Cal Madow]] File:Somaliland (6936778013) (2).jpg|Xeebta [[Berbera]] </gallery> ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Genel Energy]] * [[Oodwayne Beeraha Salidka]] * [[IGAD]] * [[Somalia]] * [[Dhaqalaha Somalia]] * [[Diinta Soomaalida]] == Xigasho == * [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmhansrd/vo040204/halltext/40204h03.htm United Kingdom parliamentary debate on recognition of Somaliland] * [http://www.awdalnews.com/ Awdadl News] * [http://www.horyaal.net/index.asp Radio Horyaal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.horyaal.net/index.asp |date=20121102031350 }} * [http://www.halganews.com/ Halgan news] {{Wayback|url=http://www.halganews.com/ |date=20101029081920 }} * [http://www.caynabanews.com/ Hadhwanaag New] {{Wayback|url=http://www.caynabanews.com/ |date=20140327103426 }} * [http://www.qarannews.com/pn/ Qaran News] {{Wayback|url=http://www.qarannews.com/pn/ |date=20061004150422 }} * [http://dillapress.com Dilla Press] {{Wayback|url=http://dillapress.com/ |date=20201024054735 }} * [http://www.jamhuuriya.info/index.php Jamhuuriya Newspaper] {{Wayback|url=http://www.jamhuuriya.info/index.php |date=20110419200647 }} * [http://www.abaarsotech.org/ Abaarso Tech University] *[https://somaliland.com/ Somaliland News] *[https://ToosNews.com ToosNews] {{Wayback|url=https://toosnews.com/ |date=20220201065019 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist|2}} {{Maqaalo Somaliland |state=expanded}} {{Dalalka Afrika |state=expanded}} [[Category:Somaliland|*]] sgo44hnd9hygjlsz9d0fuqfl5zf9r3r 0 7675 268947 268930 2024-12-01T18:53:31Z 197.231.201.220 268947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac | | group = Eidagale <br> عيدَ جلي | image= |region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} |region2={{flagcountry|Djibouti}} |region3={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}} | langs = [[Somali language|Somali]] | rels = [[Islam]] | related-c = Other [[Isaaq]],clan. }} '''Ciidagale''' (English: Eidagale'','' Arabic: عيدَ جلي''',''' Full Name:Daoud Ibn Ismail Shiekh Ishaaq) waa beel ka mid ah beelweynta Isaaq . Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay gobolka [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maroodi_Jeex Maroodi jeex] ee Somaliland iyo DDS Ethiopia. == Overview == The Eidagalle is a major Somali clan of the Isaaq clan family. Members of this clan are concentrated in Somaliland and the Somali region. They are the traditional holders of the Isaaq Sultanate since the 18th century. As descendants of Ismail bin Sheikh Isaaq, its members form a part of the Habar Magaadle confederation, and they constitute the largest sub-clan of the Isaaq.They traditionally consist of nomadic pastoralists, merchants and skilled poets. ==Distribution== [[File:Eidegalla map.jpg|thumb|left |Map of Somaliland showing distribution of the Eidagalle tribe in western and southwestern Somaliland]] The Eidagalle, largely clan make up a significant percentage of the population in [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maroodi_Jeex Maroodi Jeex] region of [[Somaliland]], as well as the Daroor, Aware and Misraq Gashamo zones in the Somali region of Ethiopia. They also live on the middle and south eastern side of [[Hargeisa]] as well as the Salahlay District in eastern Maroodi Jeex region. A subclan of the Eidagale, the Guuyoobe also inhabit the Oodweyne district in Togdheer region. They also have a large settlement in Kenya where they are known as a constituent segment of the Isahakia community.<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref><ref>Waal, Alexander De (1993). "Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63</ref><ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa. <nowiki>ISBN 9781315308173</nowiki>.</ref> ==History== ===Lineage=== Sheikh Ishaq was one of the scholars that crossed the sea from Arabia to the Horn of Africa to spread Islam around 12th to 13th century. Hence, Sheikh Ishaaq married two local women in Somaliland that left him eight sons, one of them being Ismail (Garhajis).<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> === Medieval period === Historically the Eidagalle took part in the conquest of Abyssinia and were part of the [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adal_Sultanate Adal Sultanate] and are mentioned in the book ''Futuh Al-Habash'' (Conquest of Abyssinia) as the ''Habar Magaadle'' . The Habar Magaadle are known for producing a historical figure known as ''Ahmad Gurey bin Husain'' who was the right-hand man of [[:en:Ahmad_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Ghazi|Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]].<ref>"مخطوطات > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08-24.</ref> I. M. Lewis discusses the existence of another leader named Ahmad Gurey, and suggests that the two leaders have been conflated into one historical figure:<blockquote>The text refers to two Ahmad's with the nickname 'Left-handed'. One is regularly presented as 'Ahmad Guray, the Somali' (...) identified as Ahmad Gurey Xuseyn, chief of the Habar Magaadle. Another reference, however, appears to link the Habar Magadle with the Eidagal. The other Ahmad is simply referred to as 'Imam Ahmad' or simply the 'Imam'.This Ahmad is not qualified by the adjective Somali (...) The two Ahmad's have been conflated into one figure, the heroic Ahmed Guray<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982 (in French). KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref></blockquote> [[File:HargeisaCloseup1885.png|thumb|275px|Close-up of an 1885 Royal Geographical Society map, showing Hargeisa (Harrer-es-Sagheer) as well as the Eidagale subtribe (Eed-a-galleh) residing within and around the town. The Naasa Hablood hills (Nas Hubla) can also be seen in the map]] For centuries, the tomb of sheikh [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_bin_Ahmad_al-Kawneyn Aw Barkhadle], which is located between [[Berbera]] and [[Hargeisa]], was used by the Isaaq clans to settle disputes and to swear oaths of alliances under a holy relic attributed to Bilal Ibn Rabah. As traditional leaders of the [[Isaaq]] clans, the Eidagale placed themselves as mediators during the disputes. <blockquote>When any grave question arises affecting the interests of the Isaakh tribe in general. On a paper yet carefully preserved in the tomb, and bearing the sign-manual of Belat [Bilal], the slave of one of the early khaleefehs, fresh oaths of lasting friendship and lasting alliances are made...In the season of 1846 this relic was brought to Berbera in charge of the Haber Gerhajis, and on it the rival tribes of Aial Ahmed and Aial Yunus swore to bury all animosity and live as brethren.<ref>"The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849.</ref></blockquote> The Eidagalle were renowned for their equestrian skills, and their devastating raids extended between the coast and the interior. According to Swayne, who traversed through Somaliland in the late 19th century, the Eidagalle were amongst the clans most addicted to raiding: <blockquote>The tribes near the northern coast most addicted to raiding appear to be the Habr Awal, the Eidagalle, and the Habr Gerhajis.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 40.</ref></blockquote> Apart from their equestrian skills, the Eidagalle are also famed for their eloquence in traditional Somali poetry (gabay), producing many famous poets such as Xasan Tarabi and Elmi Boodhari. Historically, the Eidagale were viewed as "the recognized experts in the composition of poetry" by their fellow Somali contemporaries:<ref>Diriye, p. 75.</ref> <blockquote>Among the tribes, the Eidagalle are the recognized experts in the composition of poetry. One individual poet of the Eidagalle may be no better than a good poet of another tribe, but the Eidagalla appear to have more poets than any other tribe. "if you had a hundred Eidagalle men here," Hersi Jama once told me, "And asked which of them could sing his own gabei ninety-five would be able to sing. The others would still be learning."<ref>Laurance, Margaret. A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref></blockquote> For centuries, the Eidagalle were influential stakeholders in the long-distance Somali caravan trade. Eidagalle merchants procured various goods from the [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Region Somali Region] in present-day [[Ethiopia]], such as livestock, acacia gum, myrrh and ghee, which were subsequently exported to Southern Arabia. The Eidagale caravan merchants founded several inland trade entrepôts in the interior, which also includes the modern city of [[Hargeisa]], founded in the 19th century as a caravan junction between [[Berbera]] and the Somali interior.<ref>Journal of African Languages. University of Michigan Press. 1963. p. 27.</ref><ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Somalis of the Habr Gerhajis tribe arrive from Ogadain with feathers, myrrh, gum, sheep, cattle, and ghee, carrying away in exchange piece goods; they also make four trips in the season; they remain for less than a month, and during their stay reside with fellow-tribesmen, taking their meals in the mokhbâzah or eating-house.<ref>Hunter, Frederick (1877). An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia. Cengage Gale. p. 41.</ref></blockquote> == Clan tree== [[File:Imaam Ahmed Gurey.jpg|thumb|Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, the General Rular of the Adal Sultanate.]] A summarized clan family tree of the Eidagalle is presented below.<ref name="survey 147">Hunt, John A. (1951). A general survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950. Wayback Machine (archived 2 February 2022). p. 147.</ref> *Sheikh Ishaaq **Habar Habuusheed ***Ahmed (Tol-Ja'lo) ***Muuse (Habr Je'lo) ***Ibrahiim (Sanbuur) ***Muhammad ('Ibraan) **Habar Magaadle ***Abdirahman (Habr Awal) ***Ayub ***Muhammad (Arap) ***'''Ismail''' (Garhajis) ****Daoud (Eidagalle) *****Mohamed Daoud (Guyobe) ******Ali Mohamed ******Urkurag Mohamed *******Ali Urkurag ********Ismail Ali (Gadhwayn) ********Fiqi Sa'ad Ali ********Mahamoud Ali ********Ahmed Ali *****Abokor Daoud ******Issa Abokor ******Bilaal Abokor *****Muse Daoud ******Abokor Muse *******Hassan Abokor ********Muse Hassan ********Laqshe Hassan ********Basiralle Hassan ********Dhimbil Hassan *********Mohammed Dhimbil **********Musa Mohammed ***********Adawe Muse ************Allamagan Adawe ************Absiye Adawe ***********Aden Muse ************Had Aden ************Abane Aden ************Geedi Aden ************Roble Aden ************Boqorre Aden **********Fatah Mohammed **********Muawiye Mohammed **********Guled Mohammed *********Muuse Dhimbil **********Abdalle Muuse ***********Jibril Abdalle ************Kaliil Jibril *************Cileye *************Abdi *************Ismail ************Aden Jibril *************Benin Aden *************Nur Aden *************Ali Adan *************Adan Adan **************Ahmed Aden **************Eiye Aden ************Abdi Jibril *************Ali Abdi (Ba Yonis) *************Nour Abdi (Ba Yonis) *************Benin Abdi *************Abdille Abdi **************Eiye Abdille **************Gallab Abdille **************Mohamed Abdille ***************Ahmad Mahamed **********Mohamoud Muuse ***********Shirdon Mohamoud ************Farah Shirdon ************Jama Shirdon ***********Hildiid Mohamoud ************Odawa Hildiid ************Geedi Hildiid ************Abokor Hildiid *********Ahmed Dhimbil **********Muse Ahmed **********Mohamed Ahmed ***********Bedar Mohamed ***********Sarar Mohamed **********Ismail Ahmed ***********Awalle Ismail ***********Imaan Ismail ***********Bulale Ismail *******Aden Abokor ********Awal Aden *********Abdi Awal **********Had Abdi **********Omar Abdi **********Nur Abdi **********Mohamed Abdi ********Hassan Aden *********Ziyad Hassan *********Ladon Hassan **********Aden Ladon *********Abdalle Hassan **********Ahmed Abdalle ***********Halas Ahmed ***********Geedi Ahmed ***********Egal Ahmed **********Abdi Abdalle **********Ali Abdalle ******Abdirahman Muse *******Yunis Abdirahman ********Adan Yonis *********Siad Aden *********Mohamed Aden *********Ali Adan *********Muse Adan **********Warsame ***********Ismail ***********Liban ********Ugaadh Yonis ********Ismail Yonis ********Mohamed Yonis *******Abdulle Abdirahman ********Mohamed Abdulle *********Abdulle Mohamed **********Aden Abdulle **********Hasan Abdulle *********Loge Mohamed **********Adawe Loge **********Egal Loge **********Mohamed Loge ********Ibrahim Abdulle *********Kul Ibrahim **********Abdi Ibrahim (Abdi Dheere) *********Abokor Ibrahim **********Iidle Abokor (Rer Iidle) **********Hussein Abokor Matan (Gaashabuur) ***********Hamud Matan ***********Roble Matan ***********Adan Matan ************Burale Adan *************Abane Adan *************Muse Adan *************Barre Adan *************Ergin Adan *************Wais Adan *************Abdille Adan *************Damal Adan **************Gobdon Damal ***************Deria Damal (Dhamal Yar Yar) ***************Fatah Damal (Dhamal Yar Yar) ***************Gabib Damal (Dhamal Yar Yar) ***************Hode Damal (Dhamal Yar Yar) ***************Esa Damal ****************Liban Esa ****************Hassan Esa ****************Abdi Esa *****************Abdi bari *****************Aden Abdi *****************Guled Abdi ******************Yusuf Guled ******************Roble Guled ******************Jama Guled ******************Deria Guled ******************Egal Guled ******************Gatah Guled ******************Farah Guled ******************Dualeh Guled ******************Abdi Guled ******************Ali Guled ******************Warfaa Guled ==Notable people== *Abdillahi Deria – Prominent anti-colonial figure and 5th Grand Sultan of the Isaaq *Maxamed Mooge Liibaan (Baban) *Shiekh Bashir – Religious leader and post-dervish anti-colonial figure of (Isaaq clan) *Eng Gaabuush – was a scholar and military leader at SNM *Abwan Dheeg – Prominent Somali poet. *Faysal Ali Warabe *Ismail Hurre Buba *Kol Aden Guhad (Aden Wali) *Ahmed Mooge Liibaan *Hassan Guure Jama *Kol Ibrahim koodbuur *Haji Abdulkarim Hussein Yusuf (Abdi Warabe) – Is one of oldest and well known genuine traditional leaders in Somaliland. *Guled – 1st Grand Sultan of the Isaaq clan *Khadra Dahir Eige *Abwan Abdi Gahayr – legendary warrior and poet *Farah Guled – 2nd Grand Sultan of the Isaaq *Jama Mahamed Qalib –Served as speaker of the Somali Parliament during the Somali Republic's early civilian administration, between 1960 and 1964 *Muuse Ismail Qalilnle – Was a prominant Somali artist, musician, and singer *Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib) – The Father of Somaliland Immigration border . *Kol. Abdi Yusuf Oday – Was Commander of training school at Awarre *Abdikarin Ahmed mooge *Siyasi Ali Ibraahim Mahamed (Cali Sanyare ) *Husien Mohamed Aden (Tansania) *Abwaan Hasan Qawadhan – Is well-known Somali poet who has written outstanding poetry *Siyasi Ibrahim Mahdi buba *Sul Mohamed Abdi qadir (8th grand suldan of Isaaq) *Daud Mahamed – the ninth and current grand sultan *Hussein Mohamed Jiciir *Idiris Haji Cisman Gurey *Abwan Hassan Hussein – legendary warrior and poet *Gaal -Eri Guure – Was a scholar who took part in SNM and was responsible for the office in Farance. *Abdirahman Andholeh – Anti Colonial fighter *Cabdiraxmaan Cadhoole – Halgama Waynaa ee ka Qayb Qaatay la'dagaalankii Gumastihii Faransiiska. *Ahmed koosar (Silanyo) – Is the commander of the Koodbur Brigade of the SNM *Mohamed Hassan Finad – Politician and Activist *Ahmed Mahamed dirye (Toorno) *Hussien Mohamed Mahamoud (Huseen Hog) – Former Minister of Health of Somaliland *Kol Maxamed Hussein Qalinle *Khadar Hussien Abdi – Politician and Activist *Abdishakur Dayib Mohamed – Journalist *Abdinasir Osaman Yusuf Qodax *Abdillahi Mohamed Dahir(Cukuse) *Omar Abdillahi Sayid – Former Hargeisa and Berbera Airport Manager *Kol Jama Hussien – The Commander of SNM's Third Party Fighter *Sh.Khadar Badeed *Sh.Shacbaan Abdillahi *Elmi Boodhari *Hussein Arab Isse *Eng Abdirisaq Farah Wiiwa *Hussein Ali Mahamado – Activist And Founder Ina Guxaa Foundation *Mustafe O. Dhoobaale *Sh.Cisman Langadhe *Nadiir Yusuf – Activist And Politician *Kol Dahir Ainanshe ( Moqosle) *Mohamed Guure *Hussein Ibrahim Askar *Mohamed Jama kodbuur *Mohamed khadar *Bihi Iman Eige – Minister of Finance of the Federal Government of Somalia *Kol Abdillahi Bihi Oday – The commander of the SNM mine force *Sucaad Ibrahim Abdi – Politician and Activist *Abdi Bidhan Dahir – Journalist *Fadumo faysal – The founder and CEO of Hoiwa Oy . *Jama Asker – Politician and Member of the Federal Parliament of Somalia *Abwan Ahmed Colaad (Qorane) – A famous poet and Member of Somalia Parliament *Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member of the Federal Parliament of Somalia *Khaalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist and Founder kF Media *Kol Hahi – Is the leader of the SNM war tactic that reaches the military in Lasanod city. *Sh.Mohamed Ali Geedi *Shiekh Harreed – Religious leader *Suldan Aden Farah *Abwan Muse Ali Farur – prominent Somali poet *Mahdi Guled – Former prime minister of Somalia ===References=== 10o6fezguyu489cc3eodllo0sgs25ny 0 7978 268954 268823 2024-12-02T01:04:18Z 102.69.232.22 268954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Asharaaf<br /> الأشراف|flag={{flagcountry|Somalia}} {{flagcountry|Itoobiya}} {{flagcountry|Kenya}}|related-c=Carab|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]] [[Arabic language|Arabic]] [[Kiswahili language|Kiswahili]]|image=Asharaaf|region1=Qoryooley,Feerfeer,BuurCukur,Luuq,Berdaale,Muqdishu,Mandhera,Sarmaan|region2=Saranley ,buulo asharaaf Baqdaad, faaxfaxdhuun,war gaduud, Rowlo Shariif, Asalan|rels=[[Islam]], [[Sunni]]|region22=Asalan, Warqadey, biyooley, Baaqey, Kal iyo Kooraar|image_caption=|region24=Moolmad , Aarag , Goof Gaduud}} == Jufooyinka Asharaawaxay Ukalabaxdaa marka hore Xassan iyo Xusen . == == Asharaaf Xasani == Ashraaf Xasan Waa Afar Beelood Oo waaweyn : '''<u><big>1- Beesha Reer Shariif Muxumed</big></u>''' Waa reer Aad U balaaran Oo Daga Qaybo Badan Oo kamida Dhulalka Soomalida Sida (Baaardheere,jawhar ,jamame,qabridahar,godey, '''waxayna U kala Baxaan Sadax Lafood''' 1. Reer Shariif Diini 2. Reer Shariif Danbooy 3. Reer Shariif Diinle '''<u><big>2- Beesha Xasan Timo weyne</big></u>''' waa : shariif Xasan ( Xasan timo Weyne) bin Ahmed alwafi bin Amiin bin Jibriil bin Osmaan bin Saqaf al- hasani... '''Waxaa ukala baxaa saddex Lafood''' : 1. Reer Shariif Muuse 2. Reer Shariif cali 3. Reer Shariif Axmed Asharaftan waxay ubadan yihiin Dhulka Soomaali galbeed Iyo Jubooyinka iyo shabeelada hoose . <big>'''3- Reer Shariif Nuur'''</big> Waxay kubadan yihiin itoobiya , Sidoo kale Gobolka Gedo '''<big>4- Besha [[Asharaaf sarmaan|Asharaaf Sarmaan]]</big>''' waxay ku abtirsdaan Sheekh Shariif Yacquub Yaxye Canuun oo kumagacdgeer ([[Sagaal xajiile]] ) kaas oo Abtirsigiisa ku dhamaada Sayid C/qaadir Al jeylaani , kadibna [[Xasan]] bin Cali bin Abii dhaalib. waxay ukala baxaan 5 Lafood : # Cimraan Yacquub (Daaye iyo Wiyeed) # Isxaaq Yacquub (Waabgale) # Aden Yacquub (Dhilaale) # Xasan Yacquub # Maxamed Yacquub # Waxay kubadan yihiin Bay iyo Bokool iyo Gedo . Ugaas Guud ee Asharaaf Cumar Wiyeed waa Ugaas Cabdi Aadan Isxaaq == Asharaaf Xuseyn == ✓ '''<u>Asharaaf Baacalawi</u>''' : 1-Reer Sayid Axmed 2-Reer Shariif Maqbuul 3-Reer Shariif Xamduun 4- Al Nadiir 5-Al baasakuut 6-jamalulayl 7- Reer xaji amiin oo ah (mahdeli) 8- [[Reer Aw Xassan|'''<u>Reer Aw Xasan</u>''']] , waxay ladagaan ( Shiikhaal) == Dadka ugu Caansan Asharaaf == '''<big><u>Cilimaa u' diin</u></big>''' : 1- [[Sheekh yuusuf al kowneyn school|Sheekh Yuusuf Alkowneyn]] [oo ah Ah Qofkii Alifey Hingaada Carabiga ] 2- [[Sagaal xajiile|Shariif Yaxye Anuun (Sagaal Xajiile]]) 3- [[Shariif Cumar Aarak]] Iyo Walaalkiis Cabdalle Aarak 4- [[Sheikh Hussein|Sheekh Xuseen Baale]] yaale 5- [[عيدروس|Shariif Caydaruus]] Al nudeeri [duqii Hore Magaalada Muqdisho ] 3- Sayid murshid sayid cabdalla 4- Sheekh [[Cumar Faaruuq]] [waxa uu aha ninki qoraanka oo dhan si fasiix umada ugu turjumay luqada afka somaliga] 5- Sheekh Sharif Cabdinuur (Aabihii xadiiska). 6- Sheekh Shariif Nuurow Aamiin Barkhadle [oo ahaa Caalim weyn oo Diinta Islaamka faafinaayey, waana Aasaasihii Jameecada Rowlo oo ku caanbaxdey fidinta Dacwada Islaamka] 7- Sayid Axmed sayid abdulwahid [oo ahaa ninkii qarnigii 19aad ugu cilmiga badna afrika, sida ay shegaan culimada reer Makka] 8- Sheekh [[Macruuf|Shariif macruuf]] Shariif Axmed 9 - Sheekh Shariif Dhawiil 10 - Sheekh Shariif Siidkey Nuurow Aamin 11 -Sheekh C/raxmaan Markaawi 12 -Sheekh Maxamed Haadi (AUN) 14- Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan Abaayle [oo ahaa Imaankii afaraaf Ee Imaaradii Ibeerey ee Baardheere] 17- Sheekh Ibraahim Cabdullahi Cali [oo ah qoraaga buuga (بشائر العلماء بدلائل الفقهاء)] 18-Sheekh Maxamuud Fanax 19-Sheikh Cabdiraxmaan Shariif 20-Sheikh Zakariye Shariif Xasan 21-Sheikh Maxamed Cumar 22-Sheikh Shariif Maxamed Dhuub '''<big><u>Siyaasiyiinta Asharaaf</u></big>''' # [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan|Shariif Xasan sheekh Aadan]] oo ahaa madaxweynihii labaad ee koonfur galbeed 2.[[Sharif Salah mohamed Ali]] (xildhibaan hore) 3. Xildhibaan Shariif Maxamed C/llahi 4. Xildhibaan Shariif mustaf 5. [[Fahad Yaasiin|Fahad yaasiin xaaji daahir]] 6. Xildhibaan Saalax Shariif Diidkey 7. Xildhibaan Axmed weli 8. Wasiir Cabdiraxmaan Shariif Xuseen 9.Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Carmo 10- Wasiir Faarax Sheikh Cabdiqaadir (Wasiirka Waxbarashada dowlada Federalka ) 11. Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Isxaaq 12. Safia Ba-alawi (Gud. Deg. Shangani ee gobolka Banadir) 13. Prof. Abdulaziz Sharif Aden Abdurahman [ oo ahaa Abwaan , Qoraa , Doctor , wuxuu noolaa inta udhexeyso 1949-2020 ] '''<u><big>Fanaaniinta Asharaaf</big></u>''' # Shaadiyo Sharaf # Hani Uk(Fanaan) # Hani Uk(fanaan) 3. Doni B(fanaan) 4. Najma Nuura (fanaan) 5. Axmed Sharif Killer (fanaan) 6. Sharif Bastow(fanaan) 7-Idil Ayruush (fanaan) 8-Nimco Liina (Fanaan) 9- Mukhtaar sooshiyaal (Fanaan) 10-Mahdi shariif Macruuf (Fanaan) 11- Aadan Onkod (fanaan) 12- king Khalid (Fanaan) == Tixra<ref>Shariif Hassan Adan Mohmed (Mamulka masjad al_suna) </ref>ac == mdolxeltsjvh5q429dln0hl64m4gcvl 268955 268954 2024-12-02T01:05:47Z 102.69.232.22 268955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Asharaaf<br /> الأشراف|flag={{flagcountry|Somalia}} {{flagcountry|Itoobiya}} {{flagcountry|Kenya}}|related-c=Carab|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]] [[Arabic language|Arabic]] [[Kiswahili language|Kiswahili]]|image=Asharaaf|region1=Qoryooley,Feerfeer,BuurCukur,Luuq,Berdaale,Muqdishu,Mandhera,Sarmaan|region2=Saranley ,buulo asharaaf Baqdaad, faaxfaxdhuun,war gaduud, Rowlo Shariif, Asalan|rels=[[Islam]], [[Sunni]]|region22=Asalan, Warqadey, biyooley, Baaqey, Kal iyo Kooraar|image_caption=|region24=Moolmad , Aarag , Goof Gaduud}} == Jufooyinka Asharaawaxay Ukalabaxdaa marka hore Xassan iyo Xusen . == == Asharaaf Xasan == Ashraaf Xasan Waa Afar Beelood Oo waaweyn : '''<u><big>1- Beesha Reer Shariif Muxumed</big></u>''' Waa reer Aad U balaaran Oo Daga Qaybo Badan Oo kamida Dhulalka Soomalida Sida (Baaardheere,jawhar ,jamame,qabridahar,godey, '''waxayna U kala Baxaan Sadax Lafood''' 1. Reer Shariif Diini 2. Reer Shariif Danbooy 3. Reer Shariif Diinle '''<u><big>2- Beesha Xasan Timo weyne</big></u>''' waa : shariif Xasan ( Xasan timo Weyne) bin Ahmed alwafi bin Amiin bin Jibriil bin Osmaan bin Saqaf al- hasani... '''Waxaa ukala baxaa saddex Lafood''' : 1. Reer Shariif Muuse 2. Reer Shariif cali 3. Reer Shariif Axmed Asharaftan waxay ubadan yihiin Dhulka Soomaali galbeed Iyo Jubooyinka iyo shabeelada hoose . <big>'''3- Reer Shariif Nuur'''</big> Waxay kubadan yihiin itoobiya , Sidoo kale Gobolka Gedo '''<big>4- Besha [[Asharaaf sarmaan|Asharaaf Sarmaan]]</big>''' waxay ku abtirsdaan Sheekh Shariif Yacquub Yaxye Canuun oo kumagacdgeer ([[Sagaal xajiile]] ) kaas oo Abtirsigiisa ku dhamaada Sayid C/qaadir Al jeylaani , kadibna [[Xasan]] bin Cali bin Abii dhaalib. waxay ukala baxaan 5 Lafood : # Cimraan Yacquub (Daaye iyo Wiyeed) # Isxaaq Yacquub (Waabgale) # Aden Yacquub (Dhilaale) # Xasan Yacquub # Maxamed Yacquub # Waxay kubadan yihiin Bay iyo Bokool iyo Gedo . Ugaas Guud ee Asharaaf Cumar Wiyeed waa Ugaas Cabdi Aadan Isxaaq == Asharaaf Xuseyn == ✓ '''<u>Asharaaf Baacalawi</u>''' : 1-Reer Sayid Axmed 2-Reer Shariif Maqbuul 3-Reer Shariif Xamduun 4- Al Nadiir 5-Al baasakuut 6-jamalulayl 7- Reer xaji amiin oo ah (mahdeli) 8- [[Reer Aw Xassan|'''<u>Reer Aw Xasan</u>''']] , waxay ladagaan ( Shiikhaal) == Dadka ugu Caansan Asharaaf == '''<big><u>Cilimaa u' diin</u></big>''' : 1- [[Sheekh yuusuf al kowneyn school|Sheekh Yuusuf Alkowneyn]] [oo ah Ah Qofkii Alifey Hingaada Carabiga ] 2- [[Sagaal xajiile|Shariif Yaxye Anuun (Sagaal Xajiile]]) 3- [[Shariif Cumar Aarak]] Iyo Walaalkiis Cabdalle Aarak 4- [[Sheikh Hussein|Sheekh Xuseen Baale]] yaale 5- [[عيدروس|Shariif Caydaruus]] Al nudeeri [duqii Hore Magaalada Muqdisho ] 3- Sayid murshid sayid cabdalla 4- Sheekh [[Cumar Faaruuq]] [waxa uu aha ninki qoraanka oo dhan si fasiix umada ugu turjumay luqada afka somaliga] 5- Sheekh Sharif Cabdinuur (Aabihii xadiiska). 6- Sheekh Shariif Nuurow Aamiin Barkhadle [oo ahaa Caalim weyn oo Diinta Islaamka faafinaayey, waana Aasaasihii Jameecada Rowlo oo ku caanbaxdey fidinta Dacwada Islaamka] 7- Sayid Axmed sayid abdulwahid [oo ahaa ninkii qarnigii 19aad ugu cilmiga badna afrika, sida ay shegaan culimada reer Makka] 8- Sheekh [[Macruuf|Shariif macruuf]] Shariif Axmed 9 - Sheekh Shariif Dhawiil 10 - Sheekh Shariif Siidkey Nuurow Aamin 11 -Sheekh C/raxmaan Markaawi 12 -Sheekh Maxamed Haadi (AUN) 14- Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan Abaayle [oo ahaa Imaankii afaraaf Ee Imaaradii Ibeerey ee Baardheere] 17- Sheekh Ibraahim Cabdullahi Cali [oo ah qoraaga buuga (بشائر العلماء بدلائل الفقهاء)] 18-Sheekh Maxamuud Fanax 19-Sheikh Cabdiraxmaan Shariif 20-Sheikh Zakariye Shariif Xasan 21-Sheikh Maxamed Cumar 22-Sheikh Shariif Maxamed Dhuub '''<big><u>Siyaasiyiinta Asharaaf</u></big>''' # [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan|Shariif Xasan sheekh Aadan]] oo ahaa madaxweynihii labaad ee koonfur galbeed 2.[[Sharif Salah mohamed Ali]] (xildhibaan hore) 3. Xildhibaan Shariif Maxamed C/llahi 4. Xildhibaan Shariif mustaf 5. [[Fahad Yaasiin|Fahad yaasiin xaaji daahir]] 6. Xildhibaan Saalax Shariif Diidkey 7. Xildhibaan Axmed weli 8. Wasiir Cabdiraxmaan Shariif Xuseen 9.Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Carmo 10- Wasiir Faarax Sheikh Cabdiqaadir (Wasiirka Waxbarashada dowlada Federalka ) 11. Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Isxaaq 12. Safia Ba-alawi (Gud. Deg. Shangani ee gobolka Banadir) 13. Prof. Abdulaziz Sharif Aden Abdurahman [ oo ahaa Abwaan , Qoraa , Doctor , wuxuu noolaa inta udhexeyso 1949-2020 ] '''<u><big>Fanaaniinta Asharaaf</big></u>''' # Shaadiyo Sharaf # Hani Uk(Fanaan) # Hani Uk(fanaan) 3. Doni B(fanaan) 4. Najma Nuura (fanaan) 5. Axmed Sharif Killer (fanaan) 6. Sharif Bastow(fanaan) 7-Idil Ayruush (fanaan) 8-Nimco Liina (Fanaan) 9- Mukhtaar sooshiyaal (Fanaan) 10-Mahdi shariif Macruuf (Fanaan) 11- Aadan Onkod (fanaan) 12- king Khalid (Fanaan) == Tixra<ref>Shariif Hassan Adan Mohmed (Mamulka masjad al_suna) </ref>ac == svp7unrhxca1s46njdgm02nwmm4cbxw 268956 268955 2024-12-02T01:09:08Z 102.69.232.22 268956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Asharaaf<br /> الأشراف|flag={{flagcountry|Somalia}} {{flagcountry|Itoobiya}} {{flagcountry|Kenya}}|related-c=Carab|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]] [[Arabic language|Arabic]] [[Kiswahili language|Kiswahili]]|image=Asharaaf|region1=Qoryooley,Feerfeer,BuurCukur,Luuq,Berdaale,Muqdishu,Mandhera,Sarmaan|region2=Saranley ,buulo asharaaf Baqdaad, faaxfaxdhuun,war gaduud, Rowlo Shariif, Asalan|rels=[[Islam]], [[Sunni]]|region22=Asalan, Warqadey, biyooley, Baaqey, Kal iyo Kooraar|image_caption=|region24=Moolmad , Aarag , Goof Gaduud}} == Jufooyinka Asharaawaxay Ukalabaxdaa marka hore Xassan iyo Xusen . == == Asharaaf Xasan == Ashraaf Xasan Waa Afar Beelood Oo waaweyn : '''<u><big>1- Beesha Reer Shariif Muxumed</big></u>''' Waa reer Aad U balaaran Oo Daga Qaybo Badan Oo kamida Dhulalka Soomalida Sida (Baaardheere,jawhar ,jamame,qabridahar,godey, '''waxayna U kala Baxaan Sadax Lafood''' 1. Reer Shariif Diini 2. Reer Shariif Danbooy 3. Reer Shariif Diinle '''<u><big>2- Beesha Xasan Timo weyne</big></u>''' waa : shariif Xasan ( Xasan timo Weyne) bin Ahmed alwafi bin Amiin bin Jibriil bin Osmaan bin Saqaf al- hasani... '''Waxaa ukala baxaa saddex Lafood''' : 1. Reer Shariif Muuse 2. Reer Shariif cali 3. Reer Shariif Axmed Asharaftan waxay ubadan yihiin Dhulka Soomaali galbeed Iyo Jubooyinka iyo shabeelada hoose . <big>'''3- Reer Shariif Nuur'''</big> Waxay kubadan yihiin itoobiya , Sidoo kale Gobolka Gedo '''<big>4- Besha [[Asharaaf sarmaan|Asharaaf Sarmaan]]</big>''' waxay ku abtirsdaan Sheekh Shariif Yacquub Yaxye Canuun oo kumagacdgeer ([[Sagaal xajiile]] ) kaas oo Abtirsigiisa ku dhamaada Sayid C/qaadir Al jeylaani , kadibna [[Xasan]] bin Cali bin Abii dhaalib. waxay ukala baxaan 5 Lafood : # Cimraan Yacquub (Daaye iyo Wiyeed) # Isxaaq Yacquub (Waabgale) # Aden Yacquub (Dhilaale) # Xasan Yacquub # Maxamed Yacquub # Waxay kubadan yihiin Bay iyo Bokool iyo Gedo . Ugaas Guud ee Asharaaf Cumar Wiyeed waa Ugaas Cabdi Aadan Isxaaq == Asharaaf Xuseen == ✓ '''<u>Asharaaf Baacalawi</u>''' : 1-Reer Sayid Axmed 2-Reer Shariif Maqbuul 3-Reer Shariif Xamduun 4- Al Nadiir 5-Al baasakuut 6-jamalulayl 7- Reer xaji amiin oo ah (mahdeli) 8- [[Reer Aw Xassan|'''<u>Reer Aw Xasan</u>''']] , waxay ladagaan ( Shiikhaal) == Dadka ugu Caansan Asharaaf == '''<big><u>Cilimaa u' diin</u></big>''' : 1- [[Sheekh yuusuf al kowneyn school|Sheekh Yuusuf Alkowneyn]] [oo ah Ah Qofkii Alifey Hingaada Carabiga ] 2- [[Sagaal xajiile|Shariif Yaxye Anuun (Sagaal Xajiile]]) 3- [[Shariif Cumar Aarak]] Iyo Walaalkiis Cabdalle Aarak 4- [[Sheikh Hussein|Sheekh Xuseen Baale]] yaale 5- [[عيدروس|Shariif Caydaruus]] Al nudeeri [duqii Hore Magaalada Muqdisho ] 3- Sayid murshid sayid cabdalla 4- Sheekh [[Cumar Faaruuq]] [waxa uu aha ninki qoraanka oo dhan si fasiix umada ugu turjumay luqada afka somaliga] 5- Sheekh Sharif Cabdinuur (Aabihii xadiiska). 6- Sheekh Shariif Nuurow Aamiin Barkhadle [oo ahaa Caalim weyn oo Diinta Islaamka faafinaayey, waana Aasaasihii Jameecada Rowlo oo ku caanbaxdey fidinta Dacwada Islaamka] 7- Sayid Axmed sayid abdulwahid [oo ahaa ninkii qarnigii 19aad ugu cilmiga badna afrika, sida ay shegaan culimada reer Makka] 8- Sheekh [[Macruuf|Shariif macruuf]] Shariif Axmed 9 - Sheekh Shariif Dhawiil 10 - Sheekh Shariif Siidkey Nuurow Aamin 11 -Sheekh C/raxmaan Markaawi 12 -Sheekh Maxamed Haadi (AUN) 14- Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan Abaayle [oo ahaa Imaankii afaraaf Ee Imaaradii Ibeerey ee Baardheere] 17- Sheekh Ibraahim Cabdullahi Cali [oo ah qoraaga buuga (بشائر العلماء بدلائل الفقهاء)] 18-Sheekh Maxamuud Fanax 19-Sheikh Cabdiraxmaan Shariif 20-Sheikh Zakariye Shariif Xasan 21-Sheikh Maxamed Cumar 22-Sheikh Shariif Maxamed Dhuub '''<big><u>Siyaasiyiinta Asharaaf</u></big>''' # [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan|Shariif Xasan sheekh Aadan]] oo ahaa madaxweynihii labaad ee koonfur galbeed 2.[[Sharif Salah mohamed Ali]] (xildhibaan hore) 3. Xildhibaan Shariif Maxamed C/llahi 4. Xildhibaan Shariif mustaf 5. [[Fahad Yaasiin|Fahad yaasiin xaaji daahir]] 6. Xildhibaan Saalax Shariif Diidkey 7. Xildhibaan Axmed weli 8. Wasiir Cabdiraxmaan Shariif Xuseen 9.Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Carmo 10- Wasiir Faarax Sheikh Cabdiqaadir (Wasiirka Waxbarashada dowlada Federalka ) 11. Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Isxaaq 12. Safia Ba-alawi (Gud. Deg. Shangani ee gobolka Banadir) 13. Prof. Abdulaziz Sharif Aden Abdurahman [ oo ahaa Abwaan , Qoraa , Doctor , wuxuu noolaa inta udhexeyso 1949-2020 ] '''<u><big>Fanaaniinta Asharaaf</big></u>''' # Shaadiyo Sharaf # Hani Uk(Fanaan) # Hani Uk(fanaan) 3. Doni B(fanaan) 4. Najma Nuura (fanaan) 5. Axmed Sharif Killer (fanaan) 6. Sharif Bastow(fanaan) 7-Idil Ayruush (fanaan) 8-Nimco Liina (Fanaan) 9- Mukhtaar sooshiyaal (Fanaan) 10-Mahdi shariif Macruuf (Fanaan) 11- Aadan Onkod (fanaan) 12- king Khalid (Fanaan) == Tixra<ref>Shariif Hassan Adan Mohmed (Mamulka masjad al_suna) </ref>ac == dovyw5vay372vc3trb6mixr2lp9ls4b 268957 268956 2024-12-02T01:09:57Z 102.69.232.22 268957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Asharaaf<br /> الأشراف|flag={{flagcountry|Somalia}} {{flagcountry|Itoobiya}} {{flagcountry|Kenya}}|related-c=Carab|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]] [[Arabic language|Arabic]] [[Kiswahili language|Kiswahili]]|image=Asharaaf|region1=Qoryooley,Feerfeer,BuurCukur,Luuq,Berdaale,Muqdishu,Mandhera,Sarmaan|region2=Saranley ,buulo asharaaf Baqdaad, faaxfaxdhuun,war gaduud, Rowlo Shariif, Asalan|rels=[[Islam]], [[Sunni]]|region22=Asalan, Warqadey, biyooley, Baaqey, Kal iyo Kooraar|image_caption=|region24=Moolmad , Aarag , Goof Gaduud}} == Jufooyinka Asharaawaxay Ukalabaxdaa marka hore Xasan iyo Xuseen . == == Asharaaf Xasan == Ashraaf Xasan Waa Afar Beelood Oo waaweyn : '''<u><big>1- Beesha Reer Shariif Muxumed</big></u>''' Waa reer Aad U balaaran Oo Daga Qaybo Badan Oo kamida Dhulalka Soomalida Sida (Baaardheere,jawhar ,jamame,qabridahar,godey, '''waxayna U kala Baxaan Sadax Lafood''' 1. Reer Shariif Diini 2. Reer Shariif Danbooy 3. Reer Shariif Diinle '''<u><big>2- Beesha Xasan Timo weyne</big></u>''' waa : shariif Xasan ( Xasan timo Weyne) bin Ahmed alwafi bin Amiin bin Jibriil bin Osmaan bin Saqaf al- hasani... '''Waxaa ukala baxaa saddex Lafood''' : 1. Reer Shariif Muuse 2. Reer Shariif cali 3. Reer Shariif Axmed Asharaftan waxay ubadan yihiin Dhulka Soomaali galbeed Iyo Jubooyinka iyo shabeelada hoose . <big>'''3- Reer Shariif Nuur'''</big> Waxay kubadan yihiin itoobiya , Sidoo kale Gobolka Gedo '''<big>4- Besha [[Asharaaf sarmaan|Asharaaf Sarmaan]]</big>''' waxay ku abtirsdaan Sheekh Shariif Yacquub Yaxye Canuun oo kumagacdgeer ([[Sagaal xajiile]] ) kaas oo Abtirsigiisa ku dhamaada Sayid C/qaadir Al jeylaani , kadibna [[Xasan]] bin Cali bin Abii dhaalib. waxay ukala baxaan 5 Lafood : # Cimraan Yacquub (Daaye iyo Wiyeed) # Isxaaq Yacquub (Waabgale) # Aden Yacquub (Dhilaale) # Xasan Yacquub # Maxamed Yacquub # Waxay kubadan yihiin Bay iyo Bokool iyo Gedo . Ugaas Guud ee Asharaaf Cumar Wiyeed waa Ugaas Cabdi Aadan Isxaaq == Asharaaf Xuseen == ✓ '''<u>Asharaaf Baacalawi</u>''' : 1-Reer Sayid Axmed 2-Reer Shariif Maqbuul 3-Reer Shariif Xamduun 4- Al Nadiir 5-Al baasakuut 6-jamalulayl 7- Reer xaji amiin oo ah (mahdeli) 8- [[Reer Aw Xassan|'''<u>Reer Aw Xasan</u>''']] , waxay ladagaan ( Shiikhaal) == Dadka ugu Caansan Asharaaf == '''<big><u>Cilimaa u' diin</u></big>''' : 1- [[Sheekh yuusuf al kowneyn school|Sheekh Yuusuf Alkowneyn]] [oo ah Ah Qofkii Alifey Hingaada Carabiga ] 2- [[Sagaal xajiile|Shariif Yaxye Anuun (Sagaal Xajiile]]) 3- [[Shariif Cumar Aarak]] Iyo Walaalkiis Cabdalle Aarak 4- [[Sheikh Hussein|Sheekh Xuseen Baale]] yaale 5- [[عيدروس|Shariif Caydaruus]] Al nudeeri [duqii Hore Magaalada Muqdisho ] 3- Sayid murshid sayid cabdalla 4- Sheekh [[Cumar Faaruuq]] [waxa uu aha ninki qoraanka oo dhan si fasiix umada ugu turjumay luqada afka somaliga] 5- Sheekh Sharif Cabdinuur (Aabihii xadiiska). 6- Sheekh Shariif Nuurow Aamiin Barkhadle [oo ahaa Caalim weyn oo Diinta Islaamka faafinaayey, waana Aasaasihii Jameecada Rowlo oo ku caanbaxdey fidinta Dacwada Islaamka] 7- Sayid Axmed sayid abdulwahid [oo ahaa ninkii qarnigii 19aad ugu cilmiga badna afrika, sida ay shegaan culimada reer Makka] 8- Sheekh [[Macruuf|Shariif macruuf]] Shariif Axmed 9 - Sheekh Shariif Dhawiil 10 - Sheekh Shariif Siidkey Nuurow Aamin 11 -Sheekh C/raxmaan Markaawi 12 -Sheekh Maxamed Haadi (AUN) 14- Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan Abaayle [oo ahaa Imaankii afaraaf Ee Imaaradii Ibeerey ee Baardheere] 17- Sheekh Ibraahim Cabdullahi Cali [oo ah qoraaga buuga (بشائر العلماء بدلائل الفقهاء)] 18-Sheekh Maxamuud Fanax 19-Sheikh Cabdiraxmaan Shariif 20-Sheikh Zakariye Shariif Xasan 21-Sheikh Maxamed Cumar 22-Sheikh Shariif Maxamed Dhuub '''<big><u>Siyaasiyiinta Asharaaf</u></big>''' # [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan|Shariif Xasan sheekh Aadan]] oo ahaa madaxweynihii labaad ee koonfur galbeed 2.[[Sharif Salah mohamed Ali]] (xildhibaan hore) 3. Xildhibaan Shariif Maxamed C/llahi 4. Xildhibaan Shariif mustaf 5. [[Fahad Yaasiin|Fahad yaasiin xaaji daahir]] 6. Xildhibaan Saalax Shariif Diidkey 7. Xildhibaan Axmed weli 8. Wasiir Cabdiraxmaan Shariif Xuseen 9.Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Carmo 10- Wasiir Faarax Sheikh Cabdiqaadir (Wasiirka Waxbarashada dowlada Federalka ) 11. Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Isxaaq 12. Safia Ba-alawi (Gud. Deg. Shangani ee gobolka Banadir) 13. Prof. Abdulaziz Sharif Aden Abdurahman [ oo ahaa Abwaan , Qoraa , Doctor , wuxuu noolaa inta udhexeyso 1949-2020 ] '''<u><big>Fanaaniinta Asharaaf</big></u>''' # Shaadiyo Sharaf # Hani Uk(Fanaan) # Hani Uk(fanaan) 3. Doni B(fanaan) 4. Najma Nuura (fanaan) 5. Axmed Sharif Killer (fanaan) 6. Sharif Bastow(fanaan) 7-Idil Ayruush (fanaan) 8-Nimco Liina (Fanaan) 9- Mukhtaar sooshiyaal (Fanaan) 10-Mahdi shariif Macruuf (Fanaan) 11- Aadan Onkod (fanaan) 12- king Khalid (Fanaan) == Tixra<ref>Shariif Hassan Adan Mohmed (Mamulka masjad al_suna) </ref>ac == j3uf2s69e79gszsslekpa0i3sj1eflz 268958 268957 2024-12-02T01:28:22Z 102.69.232.22 268958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Asharaaf<br /> الأشراف|flag={{flagcountry|Somalia}} {{flagcountry|Itoobiya}} {{flagcountry|Kenya}}|related-c=Carab|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]] [[Arabic language|Arabic]] [[Kiswahili language|Kiswahili]]|image=Asharaaf|region1=Qoryooley,Feerfeer,BuurCukur,Luuq,Berdaale,Muqdishu,Mandhera,Sarmaan|region2=Saranley ,buulo asharaaf Baqdaad, faaxfaxdhuun,war gaduud, Rowlo Shariif, Asalan|rels=[[Islam]], [[Sunni]]|region22=Asalan, Warqadey, biyooley, Baaqey, Kal iyo Kooraar|image_caption=|region24=Moolmad , Aarag , Goof Gaduud}} == Jufooyinka Asharaawaxay Ukalabaxdaa marka hore Xasan iyo Xuseen . == == Asharaaf Xasan == Ashraaf Xasan Waa Afar Beelood Oo waaweyn : '''<u><big>1- Beesha Reer Shariif Muxumed</big></u>''' Waa reer Aad U balaaran Oo Daga Qaybo Badan Oo kamida Dhulalka Soomalida Sida (Baaardheere,jawhar ,jamame,qabridahar,godey, '''waxayna U kala Baxaan Sadax Lafood''' 1. Reer Shariif Diini 2. Reer Shariif Danbooy 3. Reer Shariif Diinle '''<u><big>2- Beesha Xasan Timo weyne</big></u>''' waa : shariif Xasan ( Xasan timo Weyne) bin Ahmed alwafi bin Amiin bin Jibriil bin Osmaan bin Saqaf al- hasani... '''Waxaa ukala baxaa saddex Lafood''' : 1. Reer Shariif Muuse 2. Reer Shariif cali 3. Reer Shariif Axmed Asharaftan waxay ubadan yihiin Dhulka Soomaali galbeed Iyo Jubooyinka iyo shabeelada hoose . <big>'''3- Reer Shariif Nuur'''</big> Waxay kubadan yihiin itoobiya , Sidoo kale Gobolka Gedo '''<big>4- Besha [[Asharaaf sarmaan|Asharaaf Sarmaan]]</big>''' waxay ku abtirsdaan Sheekh Shariif Yacquub Yaxye Canuun oo kumagacdgeer ([[Sagaal xajiile]] ) kaas oo Abtirsigiisa ku dhamaada Sayid C/qaadir Al jeylaani , kadibna [[Xasan]] bin Cali bin Abii dhaalib. waxay ukala baxaan 5 Lafood : # Cimraan Yacquub (Daaye iyo Wiyeed) # Isxaaq Yacquub (Waabgale) # Aden Yacquub (Dhilaale) # Xasan Yacquub # Maxamed Yacquub # Waxay kubadan yihiin Bay iyo Bokool iyo Gedo . Ugaas Guud ee Asharaaf Cumar Wiyeed waa Ugaas Cabdi Aadan Isxaaq == Asharaaf Xuseen == ✓ '''<u>Asharaaf Baacalawi</u>''' : 1-Reer Sayid Axmed 2-Reer Shariif Maqbuul 3-Reer Shariif Xamduun 4- Al Nadiir 5-Al baasakuut 6-jamalulayl 7- Reer xaji amiin oo ah (mahdeli) 8- [[Reer Aw Xassan|'''<u>Reer Aw Xasan</u>''']] == Dadka ugu Caansan Asharaaf == '''<big><u>Cilimaa u' diin</u></big>''' : 1- [[Sheekh yuusuf al kowneyn school|Sheekh Yuusuf Alkowneyn]] [oo ah Ah Qofkii Alifey Hingaada Carabiga ] 2- [[Sagaal xajiile|Shariif Yaxye Anuun (Sagaal Xajiile]]) 3- [[Shariif Cumar Aarak]] Iyo Walaalkiis Cabdalle Aarak 4- [[Sheikh Hussein|Sheekh Xuseen Baale]] yaale 5- [[عيدروس|Shariif Caydaruus]] Al nudeeri [duqii Hore Magaalada Muqdisho ] 3- Sayid murshid sayid cabdalla 4- Sheekh [[Cumar Faaruuq]] [waxa uu aha ninki qoraanka oo dhan si fasiix umada ugu turjumay luqada afka somaliga] 5- Sheekh Sharif Cabdinuur (Aabihii xadiiska). 6- Sheekh Shariif Nuurow Aamiin Barkhadle [oo ahaa Caalim weyn oo Diinta Islaamka faafinaayey, waana Aasaasihii Jameecada Rowlo oo ku caanbaxdey fidinta Dacwada Islaamka] 7- Sayid Axmed sayid abdulwahid [oo ahaa ninkii qarnigii 19aad ugu cilmiga badna afrika, sida ay shegaan culimada reer Makka] 8- Sheekh [[Macruuf|Shariif macruuf]] Shariif Axmed 9 - Sheekh Shariif Dhawiil 10 - Sheekh Shariif Siidkey Nuurow Aamin 11 -Sheekh C/raxmaan Markaawi 12 -Sheekh Maxamed Haadi (AUN) 14- Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan Abaayle [oo ahaa Imaankii afaraaf Ee Imaaradii Ibeerey ee Baardheere] 17- Sheekh Ibraahim Cabdullahi Cali [oo ah qoraaga buuga (بشائر العلماء بدلائل الفقهاء)] 18-Sheekh Maxamuud Fanax 19-Sheikh Cabdiraxmaan Shariif 20-Sheikh Zakariye Shariif Xasan 21-Sheikh Maxamed Cumar 22-Sheikh Shariif Maxamed Dhuub '''<big><u>Siyaasiyiinta Asharaaf</u></big>''' # [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan|Shariif Xasan sheekh Aadan]] oo ahaa madaxweynihii labaad ee koonfur galbeed 2.[[Sharif Salah mohamed Ali]] (xildhibaan hore) 3. Xildhibaan Shariif Maxamed C/llahi 4. Xildhibaan Shariif mustaf 5. [[Fahad Yaasiin|Fahad yaasiin xaaji daahir]] 6. Xildhibaan Saalax Shariif Diidkey 7. Xildhibaan Axmed weli 8. Wasiir Cabdiraxmaan Shariif Xuseen 9.Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Carmo 10- Wasiir Faarax Sheikh Cabdiqaadir (Wasiirka Waxbarashada dowlada Federalka ) 11. Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Isxaaq 12. Safia Ba-alawi (Gud. Deg. Shangani ee gobolka Banadir) 13. Prof. Abdulaziz Sharif Aden Abdurahman [ oo ahaa Abwaan , Qoraa , Doctor , wuxuu noolaa inta udhexeyso 1949-2020 ] '''<u><big>Fanaaniinta Asharaaf</big></u>''' # Shaadiyo Sharaf # Hani Uk(Fanaan) # Hani Uk(fanaan) 3. Doni B(fanaan) 4. Najma Nuura (fanaan) 5. Axmed Sharif Killer (fanaan) 6. Sharif Bastow(fanaan) 7-Idil Ayruush (fanaan) 8-Nimco Liina (Fanaan) 9- Mukhtaar sooshiyaal (Fanaan) 10-Mahdi shariif Macruuf (Fanaan) 11- Aadan Onkod (fanaan) 12- king Khalid (Fanaan) == Tixra<ref>Shariif Hassan Adan Mohmed (Mamulka masjad al_suna) </ref>ac == rtctnxnpg3z3c95xb5jluqzydbph9lt 268959 268958 2024-12-02T02:37:24Z 102.69.232.22 268959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Asharaaf<br /> الأشراف|flag={{flagcountry|Somalia}} {{flagcountry|Itoobiya}} {{flagcountry|Kenya}}|related-c=Carab|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]] [[Arabic language|Arabic]] [[Kiswahili language|Kiswahili]]|image=Asharaaf|region1=Qoryooley,Feerfeer,BuurCukur,Luuq,Berdaale,Muqdishu,Mandhera,Sarmaan|region2=Saranley ,buulo asharaaf Baqdaad, faaxfaxdhuun,war gaduud, Rowlo Shariif, Asalan|rels=[[Islam]], [[Sunni]]|region22=Asalan, Warqadey, biyooley, Baaqey, Kal iyo Kooraar|image_caption=|region24=Moolmad , Aarag , Goof Gaduud}} == Jufooyinka Asharaawaxay Ukalabaxdaa marka hore Xasan iyo Xuseen . == == Asharaaf Xasan == Ashraaf Xasan Waa Afar Beelood Oo waaweyn : '''<u><big>1- Beesha Reer Shariif Muxumed</big></u>''' Waa reer Aad U balaaran Oo Daga Qaybo Badan Oo kamida Dhulalka Soomalida Sida (Baaardheere,jawhar ,jamame,qabridahar,godey, '''waxayna U kala Baxaan Sadax Lafood''' 1. Reer Shariif Diini 2. Reer Shariif Danbooy 3. Reer Shariif Diinle '''<u><big>2- Beesha Xasan Timo weyne</big></u>''' waa : shariif Xasan ( Xasan timo Weyne) bin Ahmed alwafi bin Amiin bin Jibriil bin Osmaan bin Saqaf al- hasani... '''Waxaa ukala baxaa saddex Lafood''' : 1. Reer Shariif Muuse 2. Reer Shariif cali 3. Reer Shariif Axmed Asharaftan waxay ubadan yihiin Dhulka Soomaali galbeed Iyo Jubooyinka iyo shabeelada hoose . <big>'''3- Reer Shariif Nuur'''</big> Waxay kubadan yihiin itoobiya , Sidoo kale Gobolka Gedo '''<big>4- Besha [[Asharaaf sarmaan|Asharaaf Sarmaan]]</big>''' waxay ku abtirsdaan Sheekh Shariif Yacquub Yaxye Canuun oo kumagacdgeer ([[Sagaal xajiile]] ) kaas oo Abtirsigiisa ku dhamaada Sayid C/qaadir Al jeylaani , kadibna [[Xasan]] bin Cali bin Abii dhaalib. waxay ukala baxaan 5 Lafood : # Cimraan Yacquub (Daaye iyo Wiyeed) # Isxaaq Yacquub (Waabgale) # Aden Yacquub (Dhilaale) # Xasan Yacquub # Maxamed Yacquub # Waxay kubadan yihiin Bay iyo Bokool iyo Gedo . Ugaas Guud ee Asharaaf Cumar Wiyeed waa Ugaas Cabdi Aadan Isxaaq == Asharaaf Xuseen == ✓ '''<u>Asharaaf Baacalawi</u>''' : 1-Reer Sayid Axmed 2-Reer Shariif Maqbuul 3-Reer Shariif Xamduun 4- Al Nadiir 5-Al baasakuut 6-jamalulayl 7- Reer xaji amiin oo ah (mahdeli) 8- [[Reer Aw Xassan|'''<u>Reer Aw Xasan</u>''']] == Dadka ugu Caansan Asharaaf == '''<big><u>Cilimaa u' diin</u></big>''' : 1- [[Sheekh yuusuf al kowneyn school|Sheekh Yuusuf Alkowneyn]] [oo ah Ah Qofkii Alifey Hingaada Carabiga ] 2- [[Sagaal xajiile|Shariif Yaxye Anuun (Sagaal Xajiile]]) 3- [[Shariif Cumar Aarak]] Iyo Walaalkiis Cabdalle Aarak 4- [[Sheikh Hussein|Sheekh Xuseen Baale]] yaale 5- [[عيدروس|Shariif Caydaruus]] Al nudeeri [duqii Hore Magaalada Muqdisho ] 3- Sayid murshid sayid cabdalla 4- Sheekh [[Cumar Faaruuq]] [waxa uu aha ninki qoraanka oo dhan si fasiix umada ugu turjumay luqada afka somaliga] 5- Sheekh Sharif Cabdinuur (Aabihii xadiiska). 6- Sheekh Shariif Nuurow Aamiin Barkhadle [oo ahaa Caalim weyn oo Diinta Islaamka faafinaayey, waana Aasaasihii Jameecada Rowlo oo ku caanbaxdey fidinta Dacwada Islaamka] 7- Sayid Axmed sayid abdulwahid [oo ahaa ninkii qarnigii 19aad ugu cilmiga badna afrika, sida ay shegaan culimada reer Makka] 8- Sheekh [[Macruuf|Shariif macruuf]] Shariif Axmed 9 - Sheekh Shariif Dhawiil 10 - Sheekh Shariif Siidkey Nuurow Aamin 11 -Sheekh C/raxmaan Markaawi 12 -Sheekh Maxamed Haadi (AUN) 14- Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan Abaayle [oo ahaa Imaankii afaraaf Ee Imaaradii Ibeerey ee Baardheere] 17- Sheekh Ibraahim Cabdullahi Cali [oo ah qoraaga buuga (بشائر العلماء بدلائل الفقهاء)] 18-Sheekh Maxamuud Fanax 19-Sheikh Cabdiraxmaan Shariif 20-Sheikh Zakariye Shariif Xasan 21-Sheikh Maxamed Cumar 22-Sheikh Shariif Maxamed Dhuub '''<big><u>Siyaasiyiinta Asharaaf</u></big>''' # [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan|Shariif Xasan sheekh Aadan]] oo ahaa madaxweynihii labaad ee koonfur galbeed 2.[[Sharif Salah mohamed Ali]] (xildhibaan hore) 3. Xildhibaan Shariif Maxamed C/llahi 4. Xildhibaan Shariif mustaf 5. [[Fahad Yaasiin|Fahad yaasiin xaaji daahir]] 6. Xildhibaan Saalax Shariif Diidkey 7. Xildhibaan Axmed weli 8. Wasiir Cabdiraxmaan Shariif Xuseen 9.Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Carmo 10- Wasiir Faarax Sheikh Cabdiqaadir (Wasiirka Waxbarashada dowlada Federalka ) 11. Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Isxaaq 12. Safia Ba-alawi (Gud. Deg. Shangani ee gobolka Banadir) 13. Prof. Abdulaziz Sharif Aden Abdurahman [ oo ahaa Abwaan , Qoraa , Doctor , wuxuu noolaa inta udhexeyso 1949-2020 ] '''<u><big>Fanaaniinta Asharaaf</big></u>''' # Shaadiyo Sharaf # Hani Uk(fanaan) 3. Doni B(fanaan) 4. Najma Nuura (fanaan) 5. Axmed Sharif Killer (fanaan) 6. Sharif Bastow(fanaan) 7-Idil Ayruush (fanaan) 8-Nimco Liina (Fanaan) 9- Mukhtaar sooshiyaal (Fanaan) 10-Mahdi shariif Macruuf (Fanaan) 11- Aadan Onkod (fanaan) 12- king Khalid (Fanaan) == Tixra<ref>Shariif Hassan Adan Mohmed (Mamulka masjad al_suna) </ref>ac == 2pf8xqggm99siwbbzg1btaec2awtt1v 0 29993 268952 267626 2024-12-01T21:04:02Z 154.115.236.254 268952 wikitext text/x-wiki degmada waxa dega beel waynta cali siciid gaar ahaan faarax xaaji iyo xasan xaaji inta ugu badan. waxaa be Bilawgii hore degmada waxa xukumi jiray Chief caaqilka guud ee faarax xaji Chief caaqil xaaji abdi karre wixii ka horreyay dawladnimada somalia ee 1960kii. # CHIEF CAAQIL XAAJI CABDI KARRE 1930-1952 # CHIEF CAQIL MOHAMED HAJI ABDI 1952-1979 # CHIEF CAAQIL AHMED MOHAMED 1979- 2022 # CHEIF CAAQIL DIIRIYE MOHAMED 2022 up to now.. Xukuumadihii kala danbeyay ee somaliland ayaa gudoomiye degmo usoo magacabay degmada xaji salax. mvkjepkicqx5du6fgg0h9ieflppgqaw 0 30087 268951 244310 2024-12-01T20:04:48Z 192.145.175.130 268951 wikitext text/x-wiki Warsanali Harti abgaal waa beel weyn oo kamid ah beelaha Harti abgaal. Waxay degtaa Shabelaha dhexe Shabelaha Hose iyo Banaadir. Degmoyinka ay gaar u leyihiin waxa kamid ah Guulane, Caligaduudcaafimaadka ahd2whr6tgfulp1n8nxtwfdf9merqge 0 30278 268963 268786 2024-12-02T11:50:37Z 192.145.174.179 Qalad sixid 268963 wikitext text/x-wiki --- **Begedi Clan** The **Begedi clan** is a Somali clan within the larger Rahanweyn, or Reewin, clan family. They are known for their rich history, socio-political contributions, and influence in the southern regions of Somalia. The Begedi are primarily associated with the Digil and Mirifle lineage and live in areas including Baay, Bakool, Lower Shabelle, Banaadir, and Puntland. Historically, the Begedi have been significant contributors in the realms of agriculture, trade, and fishing, and have played an important role in the political history of Somalia, especially in advocating for federalist principles. ### Linguistic and Ancestral Background According to Somali constitutional frameworks, Somalis are divided into two linguistic groups: **Mai Terreh** (also known as Af-Maay or Mai-Mai) and **Maxaa Tiri**. The majority of Mai Terreh speakers are Rahanweyn clans, including the Begedi, who trace their lineage to the Sab group. Maxaa Tiri, a widely spoken Somali dialect, is linked to clans like Darod, Dir, Hawiye, and Isaaq, who trace their descent from Samaale. It is believed that both Sab and Samaale share a common ancestor, Hiil, the progenitor of all Somali people. The Reewin clans, including the Begedi, are thought to have been among the earliest Cushitic groups to settle in southern Somalia, dating back to around the end of the second century B.C. [CITATION NEEDED] ### Historical Affiliation with Tunni and Geledi Sultanates The Begedi clan is closely connected to the **Tunni Sultanate**, a Somali Muslim state that existed from the 9th to the 13th century in southwestern Somalia. The Tunni Sultanate was a dominant power in the Lower Shabelle region, with Barawa as its capital, a significant center of Islamic scholarship and trade in the Horn of Africa. Barawa was noted for attracting scholars and merchants, becoming an "Islamic island on the Somali coast" as described by historians like Ibn Sa'id and Al-Idrisi [CITATION NEEDED]. Following the fall of the Tunni Sultanate, the Begedi and other allied clans came under the influence of the Geledi Sultanate, another powerful Somali Muslim state that thrived in southern Somalia and was active in resistance against external threats. ### The Battle of Baraawe (1505-1507) and Anti-Colonial Resistance Between 1505 and 1507, the Begedi clan was part of a historic resistance against the Portuguese Empire during the **Battle of Baraawe**. At that time, the Portuguese sought to expand their influence along the East African coast, including Somali territories. The Begedi, allied with the Ajuuraan Sultanate and other clans in the Shabelle region, fought to defend the city of Baraawe from Portuguese forces. Although the Portuguese ultimately defeated the local forces, the battle solidified the Begedi’s reputation as skilled warriors committed to defending their homeland from foreign incursions [CITATION NEEDED]. Later, during Italian colonial attempts to dominate southern Somalia, the Begedi joined forces with the Geledi Sultanate to resist the colonizers, particularly in the Shabelle River regions. This area was crucial to the Begedi’s agricultural economy, and their resistance helped to preserve local autonomy during periods of colonial encroachment. [CITATION NEEDED] ### Role in Federalism and Somali Politics In the 1940s, **Sheikh Abdulaahi Mohamed (Bagadi)**, a prominent Begedi leader, was instrumental in establishing federalist principles in Somali governance. He founded the **Hisbia Digil Mirifle (HDM) party**, later renamed the **Hizbia Destur Mustaqil Somali** (Somali Independent Constitutional Party), following a legal mandate that banned tribal names in political parties. Despite these restrictions, Sheikh Abdulaahi’s party continued to advocate for the political rights of the Digil and Mirifle communities, maintaining the HDM acronym and tribal affiliations. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, the HDM party played a crucial role in ensuring representation for the Digil and Mirifle clans within the Somali Parliament. The party won several seats, particularly in the Upper Juba region, and became a central force in Somali politics. Although internal disagreements later led to its decline, the HDM's legacy as a voice for federalism and community rights remains significant in Somali political history [CITATION NEEDED]. ### Economic Contributions The Begedi clan has a longstanding tradition of agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishing, which are the cornerstones of their economy. The clan has also developed a reputation for their trading skills, establishing strong connections with both local and foreign merchants. This economic strength has made the Begedi influential in southern Somali regions like Bay, Bakool, Lower Shabelle, and Banaadir, where they are often recognized as leaders in trade and commerce. Their expertise in agriculture, in particular, has contributed to the prosperity of these areas, fostering sustainable livelihoods for local communities [CITATION NEEDED]. ### Social Structure and Cultural Heritage Begedi society is characterized by a strong community structure led by elders who play a pivotal role in maintaining cultural values, mediating disputes, and preserving clan heritage. The clan is known for its peaceful and tolerant nature, values that have contributed to social stability within their communities and promoted cooperative relationships with neighboring clans. Their cultural resilience, along with their emphasis on tolerance and adaptability, has allowed the Begedi to navigate historical challenges and maintain a cohesive social identity. ### Legacy and Modern Influence Today, the Begedi primarily reside in Baay, Bakool, Banaadir, and Puntland, where they continue to uphold their cultural traditions and historical legacy. From their alliances with the Tunni and Geledi Sultanates to their involvement in federalism and their resistance against colonial forces, the Begedi clan remains an integral part of Somalia’s historical and political landscape. Their contributions to Somali agriculture, trade, and political development underscore the enduring impact of the Begedi within Somalia’s diverse clan structure [CITATION NEEDED]. --- *FOUNDING FATHER OF FEDERALISM: SHEIKH ABDULAAHI MOHAMED ( BAGADI) 1940: FOUNDING FATHER OF FEDERALISM: SHEIKH ABDULAAHI MOHAMED ( BAGADI) 1940- Hisbia Dighil Mirifle (HDM), the genesis of a Party, its rise and fall: #Somalia FOUNDING FATHER OF FEDERALISM: SHEIKH ABDULAAHI MOHAMED ( BAGADI) 1940: FOUNDING FATHER OF FEDERALISM: SHEIKH ABDULAAHI MOHAMED ( BAGADI) 1940- Hisbia Dighil Mirifle (HDM), the genesis of a Party, its rise and fall: #Somalia Hisbia Dighil Mirifle (HDM), the genesis of a Party, its rise and fall: by Mohamed I. Trunji I referred to how, in the wake of the Second World War, the British favoured the emergence of political movements in Somalia, then under its military occupation, That policy, as mentioned, left the door open for the rapid growth of political consciousness amongst the Somalis, which was particularly manifest in the swift expansion and development of native clubs each of them with its political agenda to lead the country towards independence. The publication of that article on 15 May 2018 was to mark the glorious foundation of the Lega dei Giovani Somali (LGS), 75 years ago. One of the Somali independence movements which emerged in the 1940s was the Hisbia Dighil Mirifle (HDM). In this article, we shed light on the genesis and the political agenda pursued by this party, in fierce competition with the Lega. In a society where passing of information is by viva voce, and where the written word is alien to the local culture, the propensity for invented or distorted history, to serve the interest of particular political groups, is notorious It is a source of deep disappointment that none of the many Somali men and women protagonists of the political movements had left valid testimony to help us understand our country’s history from their own perspective. For the Somali politicians of the time, neither the written nor the printed word existed; everything had to be relayed by word of mouth. Simply they had no education, and most of them went to their graves with their secrets held close to their chests. The only exception is President Aden Abdulla, who kept a personal diary in which major political events over a long period of time are faithfully recorded. The existing literature on history of Somali political movements is scanty, shallow and incomplete by nature. As a result, generations of Somalis grew up ignorant of their heritage, or exposed to distorted presentations of the history of their country. History should be seen as essential element to understanding who we are today. Cicero (Cicerone) a Roman politician and lawyer, who served as consul in the year 63 BC, had made long ago “To be ignorant of what occurred before you were born, is to remain always a child”. People of my generation fell prey to propaganda and rumors deliberately spread to demonize all movements in political competition with the Lega dei Giovani Somali party. For long time, the non-Lega political parties were portrait as negative forces, working against the independence of the country, simply because they disagreed with the Lega over the approach to modalities leading the country to a smooth, gradual and viable independence. One such party which came under growing attack was the Hisbia Dighil Mirifle (HDM).This article, product of extensive archival research, attempts to debunk myths, inaccuracies or invented version of our past. In terms of its political programme and the constituency it represented, the HDM was the second most important political party, after the Lega during the struggle for independence. While the Lega derived its support mainly from the arid and sparsely populated northern regions of the trust territory, the HDM stronghold was in the fertile land between the two rivers. Despite the high potential of these areas, however, their economic opportunities and the social advancement of their people had been neglected throughout the long colonial period. The founding members of the party were essentially traditional chiefs and religious leaders, although it had a sprinkling of educated young men, the best known among them were : Haji Abdullahi Beghedi,Abikar Kassim, Abdinour Mohamed Hussein, Haji Abdullahi Mursal, Abdulkadir Mohamed Aden “Zoppo” Haji Muqtar Malak and Jeilani Sheck Bin Sheck Like the Lega, this party too went through a process of long evolution – bringing it from the humble beginnings of a social club to a fully-fledged political party by 1947. The modern political organizations in the inter-riverine area have their origin in a philanthropic movement that appeared in the 1920s under the name of Al-Jamiyyah al-Kheyriyah al Wataniyah (the National Charitable Organization) (Mohamed Haji Mukhtar, 1996) In 1947 the Jamiyyah was transformed into a political party known by its tribal name, Hizbia Dighil and Mirifle (HDM), under the presidency of Haji Abdullahi Beghedi. In anticipation of the arrival of the Four Power Commission of Investigation, in 1948 the HDM joined other small political movements and formed a coalition called the “Conferenza Somala” advocating a thirty years international trusteeship, followed by full independence. (Report on the Italian Somaliland, Section I, ch. 4, p. 20.).The Lega dei Giovani Somali, instead, proposed a trusteeship period of ten years or even less. The request for a longer period of international trusteeship stemmed mainly from recognition that the inhabitants of the south-western part of the territory found themselves in a disadvantaged position compared to the relatively higher standard of education enjoyed by the nomadic populations affiliated with the Lega. In addition to this, those living between the two rivers were conscious of the great potential in agricultural output offered by their land. To develop this economic potential and to open schools, public works and other vital infrastructure, a longer trusteeship administration was essential, hence the ten-year period advanced by the Lega was seen as insufficient to accomplish the needed economic development and prepare the territory for real independence. The search for independence remained a common creed for all Somali political movements.The political programmes embodied in the Hisbiya party’s constitutions and the repeated requests for independence they made before the Four Powers Commission of Investigation in 1948, and the United Nations thereafter, remains solid evidence of this shared goal. Such differences as existed on this issue – and they were slight – referred merely to the procedure through which independence would be achieved. The non-Lega parties pursued clear objectives, designed to eventually ensure independence through a well-articulated process of democratization and modernization which required, in their view, a longer period of preparation than the Lega had planned. At the United Nations, during the discussions on the future of Somalia, the HDM, together with the other component parties under the umbrella of the Conferenza party, requested the return of Italy as an Administering Power under the supervision of the United Nations, but subject to radical reform of the territory and its economic and social development, detailed in its twenty-three points manifesto. The first point of the manifesto of the Conferenza stated that “The Somali people aspires to its full political independence and to its admission, as between equals, into the peoples’ international community”(Report of the Four Powers Commission of Investigation,) The length of the trusteeship period and the country to be assigned as Administering Power were the bone of contention between the Lega and its political rivals. While the Hisbia held the idea of thirty years-long trusteeship period, and Italy as the Trustee, the Lega was in favour of a period of trusteeship not exceeding ten years, under joint four powers trusteeship (France, United Kingdom, United States of America and Soviet Union.), a proposal that raised many eyebrows. In fact, the Chief Administrator of the time, Brigadier Drew, commenting on the solution proposed by the Lega, had this to say: “The solution of the SYL, a Four Power trusteeship, is utterly impracticable. All Four Powers know that and recognize they would never agree on such a solution. The members of SYL have been badly served by their leaders who put forward this “fantastic” proposal to the Four Power Commission. A trusteeship can only be exercised by a single power.” (TNA FO 1015/27 top secret report, May 19, 1948) The British member of the Commission. Mr. Stafford, made the following more sarcastic comment with regard to the answer given by Haji Mohamed Hussein in favour of joint Four Power administration: “It was naively explained that Four Powers were preferred to a single Power because four milch camels were better than one. A larger number than four would need too much looking after. If one Power tried to oppress, the others would protect, and so on.” (F.E. Stafford, Jan. 1949) The party’s programme was to move the country towards total independence on the basis of a federal system. It advocated a federal parliament composed of representatives of the regions in numbers proportional to those of the population of each region, with competence over all matters relating to federal government affairs, including election of the Head of State and the Central Federal Government itself (Article 6 of the party statute). It also supported the idea of regional governments formed by the representatives elected by each region in numbers proportional to the numerical force of the electors (Article 7 of the party statute). Although falling short of a nationalist agenda in its early days, towards the end of the trusteeship period, the party espoused the idea of uniting all Somali inhabited territories under one flag. The HDM constitution promoted “… the unification, through peaceful means, of all Somali territories within a federal system upon attaining their independence.” (Article 2) It also espoused the division of the territory into autonomous regions (Article 4), leaving competence on matters relating to defence, international relations, the federal police, and economic development to the central federal government. (Article 5). Jeilani Sheikh Bin Sheikh, Leader of the HDM, reiterated this position in 1958 when he said in a speech at the party convention that “the party has become convinced that the only method for unifying the Somalis is through a federal government which would accord full regional autonomy” (UN Doc. T/PET.11/583 and UN Doc. T/1372 Par. 61.) During the debate on the draft constitution at the Constituent Assembly, Abdullahi Haji Mursal, of the HDMS, introduced an amendment calling for a federal system for the Somali Republic (Records of the Constituent Assembly, no. 6, April 6, 1960, pp 5-6 ) By contrast, the Lega advocated a strong central form of government, arguing that federalism would encourage clannishness. The federal system was seen as a dangerous principle that clan and regional groups could resort to, with potentially destructive effects on the unity of a country already divided on clan basis. The HDM had initially co-operated with the Italian administration (AFIS), receiving significant Italian financial backing in its political struggle against the Lega; but soon its relations with AFIS soured and came to an end amid accusations of political maneuverings against the party. As early as October 1951, i.e. little more than one year from the installation of the Italian administration, the HDM sent a petition to the United Nation’s Trusteeship Council accusing Italy of “not showing any convincing programme as to her promises to promote the progress and well-being of the Somali people until independence is achieved.” (UN Doc.T/PET. 11/109 1 -). The rupture between the party and AFIS is confirmed by a police report referring to a statement made by Abdinour Mohamed Hussein, the leader of the HDM, at a rally held at Afgoi, according to which ”the Italians were foreigners in Somalia, and as such, it was necessary to stop asking them for money and awards.” (Secret Carabinieri report n.64/RP dated August, 1954) In the first legislative election in 1956, the party gained 13 seats in the Legislative Assembly, the largest number of seats held by any single party on the opposition benches. Following a law passed by the Legislative Assembly in 1958, making it illegal for political parties to bear tribal names, the party was forced to change its name, but not its political programme (Law no. 26 on political elections, 1958) The party, however, found an ingenious way to circumvent the prohibition by changing its name to ‘Hizbia Destur Mustaqil Somali’ (Somali Independent Constitutional Party) while preserving the acronym HDM and its tribal affiliation. Ironically, the banning of political parties bearing tribal denominations in Somalia contrasted sharply with the tribally based Somali political system. The daunting task of abolishing tribalism in Somalia required more than just a declaration of good intent; but it seems that the government gave more attention to symbolism rather than substance. Bickering and personal antagonism within the ranks of the party had engendered a lasting split during the run-up to the 1959 general elections. In fact, while the party had officially decided to boycott the elections on the grounds of perceived intimidation and violence by supporters of the ruling party allegedly acting under the orders of the government, some HDMS prominent members including Abdinour Mohamed Hussein and Abdulkadir Mohamed Aden “Zoppo” stood for election on the Lega ticket. In the second legislative election of 1959, the party gained five seats, all concentrated in the Upper Juba region. In the third legislative election of 1964, the party gained eight seats in the National Assembly, while in the fourth and last parliamentary election of 1969, it gained a mere three seats. For a long time, the HDMS represented a real opposition party in Parliament, however, with most of the legendary ‘founding fathers’ repudiating their party, its role and its importance as a credible opposition force gradually diminished. Share this: TwitterFacebook Loading... Related image Somalia leaders call for Brussels pledges review at Garowe Conference May 4, 2015 In "Bashir hashi yussuf" image Somalia: Anti-Federal Govt demo held in Puntland June 29, 2015 In "Bashir hashi yussuf" image Somalia: Jubaland parliament names election commission – August 4, 2015 In "Bashir hashi yussuf" Posted in Bashir hashi yussuf. Post navigation Previous: Previous post:The memorable history of the Somali Register includes (KELI ASAYLE) or the canal of mourning in Janale District of Lower Shabelle Region in the early 1900s During the Fascist era the Italian colonial administration issued orders to work hard for Somalis and cultivate the land. When the Somalis fought against the Italian occupation, he fled from Janale to Shalanbood, 30km from Janale, which was attacked by the Somalis every Wednesday.immediately another somali began working with the Italians led by Italy in a battle in Janale Halkan where hundreds of Somalis died near the village of Janale.then only asaylemany men were killed and the colonists were killed during the Italian eraSomali girls were taken to Janale when their men were killed, Italy used to make men go through the water, the name of how it came to be known today(Kali Asayle, Lower Shabelle region has Italian colonial aspirations that have not yet been renamed, e.g.Captainlas, Jebey,Angarariyo, Mushani, Bibi, Anbanana, Agalio, & many more Next: Next post:May Allah have mercy on my grandfather Alsayid Haji Yusuf Hassan. He is remembered for spreading the Islamic message. From 1910 to 1900 in Hobyo and Mogadishu. Leave a comment Blog at WordPress.com. GalmudugPost - Academic books on Somali history, such as *The Invention of Somalia* by Ali Jimale Ahmed. - Historical records about Somali sultanates and battles, available in East African historical journals. - Articles on Somali federalism and clan politics, which can be accessed through databases like JSTOR or Google Scholar. == ISIRKA BEELAHA BEGEDI. == Isirka beesha bagedi waxey galaan cadow Mirifle oo wada dageen deegaanada shableeda hoose. Bagedigu waa beel ay boqortooyo wadaag ahayen beelaha geledi oo muddo aad udheer xukumeysa barta iyo koonfurta soomaaliya kadib market jabiyeen boqortooyadii ajuuraan iyo hiraab ee katalin jirtay waayo hore koonfurta soomaaliya Bagedi waa beel kucaan ah ladirika shisheeyaha iyo gumeysi diidka , inkastoo Aan labuunbuuninin sida beelaha kale ee soomaaliyeed . Bagedi iyo geledi oo ah ilmo adeero (digil) waxey Daris iyo boqortoyo wadaag ahaayeen muddo aad utiro badan . Bagediga waxa uu ku abtirsada cadow Mirifle isir soomaali ah sida 1: awaasaad iyo == DADKA IYO DEEGAANADA BEELAHA BEGEDI. == Dadka begedi oo sida aan horey u soo tilmaamayba ku abuurmay dan iyosida awoowyaasheynah sheegeen deegaan wadaag ayaa waxay ka kooban yihiin 12 beelood oo ku aroora afar isir. Walow aan si dhab ah loo ogayn sidii loo soo kala horeeyay ayaa hadana waxaa jira astaamo aad u muuqda oo aan la dafiri karin oo ka muuqda degmada Awdheegle sida magacyada qadiimiga ah,Qabuuraha iyo caado dhaqameedyada,waxayna si guud iyo si gaar ahba ay u cabirayaan in degmadan Awdheegle la deganaa ka hor soo galidii diinta islaamka geyiga Soomaaliyeed. Magacan begedi oo u muuqda magac micno ahaan loo ekaysiiyay carabi ayaa hadan waxa uu magacan yahay magac Soomaali ah loona yaqiinay deegaanka beesha begedi,waxa uuna tilmaan u ahaa barwaaqada ALAH ku maneystay beesha cid kasta oo aragtaa in ayan aragti kaga BOGAN karin nicmada taal dhalka reer BOGODI oo la micno ah INDHO DARAANDAR ama ASHQARAAR . Sida la sheego deegaanka maanta loo yaqaano beesha begedi oo caasimad u ah waa degmada Awdheegle,waxaana deegaankaan ku soo horeeyay beelaha 1-Dheegle. 2-HAAMAALE&hubsame. 3-JEEDO. 4-MAATARE. Waxaa xigay oo iyaguna mardanbe soo gaaray deegaanka degmada Awdheegle beelaha. 1-Madoobe. 2-Mirikle. 3-Dheegle. 4-Reer Macalin. Ugu danbayntii ayaa waxaa iyana deegaamooway oo deegaanka ku soo biiray kooxda loo yaqaano afar Owr Carbeed oo iyaguna ka kooba afar reer oo kala ah. 1-Abaasaad. 2-Quraawane. 3-Quriile. 4-Abaajibil. Guud ahaan sedaxdaan koox oo sidan dhulka ugu soo kala horeeyay ayaa ugu danbayn waxaa ku abuurmay beesha begedi gudaha dhulka BOGODY/BEGEDI. Guud ahaa beelaha begedi ayaa waxay deegaan ahaan u degaan gobolada Baay,Banaadir,Shabeelaha hoose iyo Juba Dhexe, jubada hoose iyo gedo [[Hal Abuur|halka]] degmada Awdheegle gobolka Shabeelaha hoose ay tahay deegaan iyo degmo reer begedi ay ku dhan yihiin,iyadoo sidoo kalena ay degaan degmooyinka Buurhakaba,Afgooye,Qoryooleey,Marko iyo Baraawe,waxaa intaa dheer caasimada magaalada muqdisho gobolka banaadir iyo caasimada kumeelgaarka ahee KoonfurGalbeed magaalada Baydhabo. Dadka begedigu waa dad isugu jira Beeraaleey,Xoolo dhaqato,Ganacsato iyo Xirfadlayaal sumcad iyo maamuusba ku dhex leh sokeeye iyo shisheeye,deris iyo ood wadaag,waana dad nabadeed aad u adadag xiliyada ay taagan yihiin duruufaha adag sida dagaalada,abaaraha,cudurada iyo aafooyinka dabeecadu keento. Dhulkan baaxada intaan la eg misna barwaaqada ahayaa waxa uu beeshu ku sababay iska war hayn la'aan meelaha qaar iyo mararka qaar sababta in reero ka mid ah beesha begedi ay ku biiraan reero ay oodwadaag yihiin,beelaha ay beesha begedi reero ka mid ahi ay ku biireen waxaa kamid ah l beesha sedaxda buurood amaba beesha EELAAY,Geledi,Gare,Cad cadka,Jareer weyne iyo Tuni. == Beelaha Begedi Iyo Qaab Samayskood. == Sida aan ku soo dulmarnay labadii qayb ee hore ayaa hadana qaybtan 3aad waxaan is dul taagi doonaa ku biirista beelaha begedi qaarkood beelaha oodwadaaga la ah. Walow aan horey u tilmaamay si guud beelaha Geledi,Gare,Cad cadka iyo Tuni ayaa hadana waxaa la filan karaa inay jiraan jufooyin iyaguna ku soo biiray beelaha begedi oo iyaguna reerahood ku qaaraan ah,waxaan markale idiin xasuusinaayaa in beelaha begedi ayan lahay QAARAAN guud. -Beelaha Hubsune iyo Haamaale ayaa waxay qayb ka yihiin beesha EELAAY(8-Mirifle/Madoobe Mirifle). -Beesha Quraawane ayaa iyaguna waxay ku qaaraan yihiin beesha GELEDI(7-Digil),Sidoo kale ayaa beesha Quraawane waxay dhalasho wadaag la tahay beelaha laysku yiraahdo LIKA CADOW MIRIFLE oo ay ku abtirsadaan 6 beelood oo kala ah Yantaar,Barbaare,Helede,Quraawane,Daawane iyo Goorlabe,lixdan beelood ayaa hada ku kala abtirsada beelo ka gedisan sida beelaha Yantaar ee Mirifle,Barbaare 5Caleen,Helede Eelaay,Quraawane Begedi,Daawane Eelaay,Goorlabe Abgaal. Waxaa sidoo kale iyana jira in beesha Uraawane ay dhalasho wadaag yihiin beesha URAAGI ee reer Ethiopia,iyadoo sidoo kalena ay jiraan qoraalo cadeynaaya in asal ahaan Quraawanuhu ay ka yimaadeen Jaziirada Carabta reer ahaana ay la tirsadaan beelaha XADARMA/Yaman magacuna u dhigaan BAA-QARWAAN,halka qoraalo kalena sheegayaan in burburkii boqortooyadii QAYROWAAN ee Galbeedka qaarada Afrika halka maanta loo yaqaano Marooko ay ka soo jeedaan. Lixdan beelood ayaa si toos ah ugu abtirsada CADE MIRIFLE. -Beesha Abaajibil ayaa waxay ku qaaraan yihiin beesha Gare(7Digil/Samaale)halka ay abtirsiimo ahaana ay kasoo jeedaan ASHARAAF. -Beeshaa Abaasaad (Baa-Sacad) ayaa ku qaaraan ah beelaha reer Xamarka,halka Asal ahaana ay ka soo jeedaan beelaha XADAARMA ee reer Yamaneed. -Maatare/Maataay waxay dhalasho wadaag yihiin Dabare iyo Iroole oo reer 7Digil ah. -Reer Macalin kadib dagaal dhex maray walaalaha reer macalin iyo walaalahood Quraawane waxa uu sababay in reer Macalin ay Shiikhaal ku biiraan oo ay ku qaaraan yihiin. -Jeedo ayaa iyana dhalasho wadaag la ah beelaha Afaaf ee Jiido ama Tuni. -Dheegle iyo Madoobe ayaa iyaguna waxay ku qaaraan yihiin reer Abaasaad oo wada begedi ah. -Beesha Quriile guud ahaan kolka laga reebo labo jufo intooda kale waa waa dad carbeed oo ka yimid xagaa iyo Jazeerada carabta,walow hadana jinsiga jaziirada carabta ku nooli aanu wada ahayn carab,taasina waxay xoojinaysaa in fikrada sheegayso in beeshan ay ka soo uskantay reer binuu israaiil ama farsi. Guud ahaan beelahan ay ka kooban tahay beesha Begedi ayaa waxay sidoo kale yihiin ka mid yihiin Afarta wiil ee uu dhalay Maxamed(Reewing/Raxaweyn) ina Safar Kalmoge Talmadar Sheekh Maxamed Digil. Afartan wiil oo lagu kulmiyo MUCAJABU ayaa ka dhigan M-oo Mirifle ah,C-oo Caleemo ah,J-oo Jambaluul ah iyo B-oo Begedi ah. Waa inoo qayb kale. Qalinkii. Abdiaziz ShSalah. == Sida saxda ah Abtirka Beesha waa == QABIILKA BEGEDI BEESHA BEGEDI waa beel kamid ah Beelaha aslaka ah ee ku abtirsada Odeyga AW-DIGIL, oo ah odeyga ey kasoo farcamee Qabaa’ilada lesku yiraahdo Hada Digil & Mirifle. Beel weynta Begedi ama Bagadi waxay u qeybsantaa sida soo socota: 1) hubsune 2) hamaale 3) jeedo 4) maatire as7nkcj5rp8xi1vhkaci8osrly1ancs 268964 268963 2024-12-02T11:57:22Z 192.145.174.179 Qalad sixid 268964 wikitext text/x-wiki --- **Begedi Clan** The **Begedi clan** is a Somali clan within the larger Rahanweyn, or Reewin, clan family. They are known for their rich history, socio-political contributions, and influence in the southern regions of Somalia. The Begedi are primarily associated with the Digil and Mirifle lineage and live in areas including Baay, Bakool, Lower Shabelle, Banaadir, and Puntland. Historically, the Begedi have been significant contributors in the realms of agriculture, trade, and fishing, and have played an important role in the political history of Somalia, especially in advocating for federalist principles. ### Linguistic and Ancestral Background According to Somali constitutional frameworks, Somalis are divided into two linguistic groups: **Mai Terreh** (also known as Af-Maay or Mai-Mai) and **Maxaa Tiri**. The majority of Mai Terreh speakers are Rahanweyn clans, including the Begedi, who trace their lineage to the Sab group. Maxaa Tiri, a widely spoken Somali dialect, is linked to clans like Darod, Dir, Hawiye, and Isaaq, who trace their descent from Samaale. It is believed that both Sab and Samaale share a common ancestor, Hiil, the progenitor of all Somali people. The Reewin clans, including the Begedi, are thought to have been among the earliest Cushitic groups to settle in southern Somalia, dating back to around the end of the second century B.C. [CITATION NEEDED] ### Historical Affiliation with Tunni and Geledi Sultanates The Begedi clan is closely connected to the **Tunni Sultanate**, a Somali Muslim state that existed from the 9th to the 13th century in southwestern Somalia. The Tunni Sultanate was a dominant power in the Lower Shabelle region, with Barawa as its capital, a significant center of Islamic scholarship and trade in the Horn of Africa. Barawa was noted for attracting scholars and merchants, becoming an "Islamic island on the Somali coast" as described by historians like Ibn Sa'id and Al-Idrisi [CITATION NEEDED]. Following the fall of the Tunni Sultanate, the Begedi and other allied clans came under the influence of the Geledi Sultanate, another powerful Somali Muslim state that thrived in southern Somalia and was active in resistance against external threats. ### The Battle of Baraawe (1505-1507) and Anti-Colonial Resistance Between 1505 and 1507, the Begedi clan was part of a historic resistance against the Portuguese Empire during the **Battle of Baraawe**. At that time, the Portuguese sought to expand their influence along the East African coast, including Somali territories. The Begedi, allied with the Ajuuraan Sultanate and other clans in the Shabelle region, fought to defend the city of Baraawe from Portuguese forces. Although the Portuguese ultimately defeated the local forces, the battle solidified the Begedi’s reputation as skilled warriors committed to defending their homeland from foreign incursions [CITATION NEEDED]. Later, during Italian colonial attempts to dominate southern Somalia, the Begedi joined forces with the Geledi Sultanate to resist the colonizers, particularly in the Shabelle River regions. This area was crucial to the Begedi’s agricultural economy, and their resistance helped to preserve local autonomy during periods of colonial encroachment. [CITATION NEEDED] ### Role in Federalism and Somali Politics In the 1940s, **Sheikh Abdulaahi Mohamed (Bagadi)**, a prominent Begedi leader, was instrumental in establishing federalist principles in Somali governance. He founded the **Hisbia Digil Mirifle (HDM) party**, later renamed the **Hizbia Destur Mustaqil Somali** (Somali Independent Constitutional Party), following a legal mandate that banned tribal names in political parties. Despite these restrictions, Sheikh Abdulaahi’s party continued to advocate for the political rights of the Digil and Mirifle communities, maintaining the HDM acronym and tribal affiliations. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, the HDM party played a crucial role in ensuring representation for the Digil and Mirifle clans within the Somali Parliament. The party won several seats, particularly in the Upper Juba region, and became a central force in Somali politics. Although internal disagreements later led to its decline, the HDM's legacy as a voice for federalism and community rights remains significant in Somali political history [CITATION NEEDED]. ### Economic Contributions The Begedi clan has a longstanding tradition of agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishing, which are the cornerstones of their economy. The clan has also developed a reputation for their trading skills, establishing strong connections with both local and foreign merchants. This economic strength has made the Begedi influential in southern Somali regions like Bay, Bakool, Lower Shabelle, and Banaadir, where they are often recognized as leaders in trade and commerce. Their expertise in agriculture, in particular, has contributed to the prosperity of these areas, fostering sustainable livelihoods for local communities [CITATION NEEDED]. ### Social Structure and Cultural Heritage Begedi society is characterized by a strong community structure led by elders who play a pivotal role in maintaining cultural values, mediating disputes, and preserving clan heritage. The clan is known for its peaceful and tolerant nature, values that have contributed to social stability within their communities and promoted cooperative relationships with neighboring clans. Their cultural resilience, along with their emphasis on tolerance and adaptability, has allowed the Begedi to navigate historical challenges and maintain a cohesive social identity. ### Legacy and Modern Influence Today, the Begedi primarily reside in Baay, Bakool, Banaadir, and Puntland, where they continue to uphold their cultural traditions and historical legacy. From their alliances with the Tunni and Geledi Sultanates to their involvement in federalism and their resistance against colonial forces, the Begedi clan remains an integral part of Somalia’s historical and political landscape. Their contributions to Somali agriculture, trade, and political development underscore the enduring impact of the Begedi within Somalia’s diverse clan structure [CITATION NEEDED]. --- *FOUNDING FATHER OF FEDERALISM: SHEIKH ABDULAAHI MOHAMED ( BAGADI) 1940: FOUNDING FATHER OF FEDERALISM: SHEIKH ABDULAAHI MOHAMED ( BAGADI) 1940- Hisbia Dighil Mirifle (HDM), the genesis of a Party, its rise and fall: #Somalia FOUNDING FATHER OF FEDERALISM: SHEIKH ABDULAAHI MOHAMED ( BAGADI) 1940: FOUNDING FATHER OF FEDERALISM: SHEIKH ABDULAAHI MOHAMED ( BAGADI) 1940- Hisbia Dighil Mirifle (HDM), the genesis of a Party, its rise and fall: #Somalia Hisbia Dighil Mirifle (HDM), the genesis of a Party, its rise and fall: by Mohamed I. Trunji I referred to how, in the wake of the Second World War, the British favoured the emergence of political movements in Somalia, then under its military occupation, That policy, as mentioned, left the door open for the rapid growth of political consciousness amongst the Somalis, which was particularly manifest in the swift expansion and development of native clubs each of them with its political agenda to lead the country towards independence. The publication of that article on 15 May 2018 was to mark the glorious foundation of the Lega dei Giovani Somali (LGS), 75 years ago. One of the Somali independence movements which emerged in the 1940s was the Hisbia Dighil Mirifle (HDM). In this article, we shed light on the genesis and the political agenda pursued by this party, in fierce competition with the Lega. In a society where passing of information is by viva voce, and where the written word is alien to the local culture, the propensity for invented or distorted history, to serve the interest of particular political groups, is notorious It is a source of deep disappointment that none of the many Somali men and women protagonists of the political movements had left valid testimony to help us understand our country’s history from their own perspective. For the Somali politicians of the time, neither the written nor the printed word existed; everything had to be relayed by word of mouth. Simply they had no education, and most of them went to their graves with their secrets held close to their chests. The only exception is President Aden Abdulla, who kept a personal diary in which major political events over a long period of time are faithfully recorded. The existing literature on history of Somali political movements is scanty, shallow and incomplete by nature. As a result, generations of Somalis grew up ignorant of their heritage, or exposed to distorted presentations of the history of their country. History should be seen as essential element to understanding who we are today. Cicero (Cicerone) a Roman politician and lawyer, who served as consul in the year 63 BC, had made long ago “To be ignorant of what occurred before you were born, is to remain always a child”. People of my generation fell prey to propaganda and rumors deliberately spread to demonize all movements in political competition with the Lega dei Giovani Somali party. For long time, the non-Lega political parties were portrait as negative forces, working against the independence of the country, simply because they disagreed with the Lega over the approach to modalities leading the country to a smooth, gradual and viable independence. One such party which came under growing attack was the Hisbia Dighil Mirifle (HDM).This article, product of extensive archival research, attempts to debunk myths, inaccuracies or invented version of our past. In terms of its political programme and the constituency it represented, the HDM was the second most important political party, after the Lega during the struggle for independence. While the Lega derived its support mainly from the arid and sparsely populated northern regions of the trust territory, the HDM stronghold was in the fertile land between the two rivers. Despite the high potential of these areas, however, their economic opportunities and the social advancement of their people had been neglected throughout the long colonial period. The founding members of the party were essentially traditional chiefs and religious leaders, although it had a sprinkling of educated young men, the best known among them were : Haji Abdullahi Beghedi,Abikar Kassim, Abdinour Mohamed Hussein, Haji Abdullahi Mursal, Abdulkadir Mohamed Aden “Zoppo” Haji Muqtar Malak and Jeilani Sheck Bin Sheck Like the Lega, this party too went through a process of long evolution – bringing it from the humble beginnings of a social club to a fully-fledged political party by 1947. The modern political organizations in the inter-riverine area have their origin in a philanthropic movement that appeared in the 1920s under the name of Al-Jamiyyah al-Kheyriyah al Wataniyah (the National Charitable Organization) (Mohamed Haji Mukhtar, 1996) In 1947 the Jamiyyah was transformed into a political party known by its tribal name, Hizbia Dighil and Mirifle (HDM), under the presidency of Haji Abdullahi Beghedi. In anticipation of the arrival of the Four Power Commission of Investigation, in 1948 the HDM joined other small political movements and formed a coalition called the “Conferenza Somala” advocating a thirty years international trusteeship, followed by full independence. (Report on the Italian Somaliland, Section I, ch. 4, p. 20.).The Lega dei Giovani Somali, instead, proposed a trusteeship period of ten years or even less. The request for a longer period of international trusteeship stemmed mainly from recognition that the inhabitants of the south-western part of the territory found themselves in a disadvantaged position compared to the relatively higher standard of education enjoyed by the nomadic populations affiliated with the Lega. In addition to this, those living between the two rivers were conscious of the great potential in agricultural output offered by their land. To develop this economic potential and to open schools, public works and other vital infrastructure, a longer trusteeship administration was essential, hence the ten-year period advanced by the Lega was seen as insufficient to accomplish the needed economic development and prepare the territory for real independence. The search for independence remained a common creed for all Somali political movements.The political programmes embodied in the Hisbiya party’s constitutions and the repeated requests for independence they made before the Four Powers Commission of Investigation in 1948, and the United Nations thereafter, remains solid evidence of this shared goal. Such differences as existed on this issue – and they were slight – referred merely to the procedure through which independence would be achieved. The non-Lega parties pursued clear objectives, designed to eventually ensure independence through a well-articulated process of democratization and modernization which required, in their view, a longer period of preparation than the Lega had planned. At the United Nations, during the discussions on the future of Somalia, the HDM, together with the other component parties under the umbrella of the Conferenza party, requested the return of Italy as an Administering Power under the supervision of the United Nations, but subject to radical reform of the territory and its economic and social development, detailed in its twenty-three points manifesto. The first point of the manifesto of the Conferenza stated that “The Somali people aspires to its full political independence and to its admission, as between equals, into the peoples’ international community”(Report of the Four Powers Commission of Investigation,) The length of the trusteeship period and the country to be assigned as Administering Power were the bone of contention between the Lega and its political rivals. While the Hisbia held the idea of thirty years-long trusteeship period, and Italy as the Trustee, the Lega was in favour of a period of trusteeship not exceeding ten years, under joint four powers trusteeship (France, United Kingdom, United States of America and Soviet Union.), a proposal that raised many eyebrows. In fact, the Chief Administrator of the time, Brigadier Drew, commenting on the solution proposed by the Lega, had this to say: “The solution of the SYL, a Four Power trusteeship, is utterly impracticable. All Four Powers know that and recognize they would never agree on such a solution. The members of SYL have been badly served by their leaders who put forward this “fantastic” proposal to the Four Power Commission. A trusteeship can only be exercised by a single power.” (TNA FO 1015/27 top secret report, May 19, 1948) The British member of the Commission. Mr. Stafford, made the following more sarcastic comment with regard to the answer given by Haji Mohamed Hussein in favour of joint Four Power administration: “It was naively explained that Four Powers were preferred to a single Power because four milch camels were better than one. A larger number than four would need too much looking after. If one Power tried to oppress, the others would protect, and so on.” (F.E. Stafford, Jan. 1949) The party’s programme was to move the country towards total independence on the basis of a federal system. It advocated a federal parliament composed of representatives of the regions in numbers proportional to those of the population of each region, with competence over all matters relating to federal government affairs, including election of the Head of State and the Central Federal Government itself (Article 6 of the party statute). It also supported the idea of regional governments formed by the representatives elected by each region in numbers proportional to the numerical force of the electors (Article 7 of the party statute). Although falling short of a nationalist agenda in its early days, towards the end of the trusteeship period, the party espoused the idea of uniting all Somali inhabited territories under one flag. The HDM constitution promoted “… the unification, through peaceful means, of all Somali territories within a federal system upon attaining their independence.” (Article 2) It also espoused the division of the territory into autonomous regions (Article 4), leaving competence on matters relating to defence, international relations, the federal police, and economic development to the central federal government. (Article 5). Jeilani Sheikh Bin Sheikh, Leader of the HDM, reiterated this position in 1958 when he said in a speech at the party convention that “the party has become convinced that the only method for unifying the Somalis is through a federal government which would accord full regional autonomy” (UN Doc. T/PET.11/583 and UN Doc. T/1372 Par. 61.) During the debate on the draft constitution at the Constituent Assembly, Abdullahi Haji Mursal, of the HDMS, introduced an amendment calling for a federal system for the Somali Republic (Records of the Constituent Assembly, no. 6, April 6, 1960, pp 5-6 ) By contrast, the Lega advocated a strong central form of government, arguing that federalism would encourage clannishness. The federal system was seen as a dangerous principle that clan and regional groups could resort to, with potentially destructive effects on the unity of a country already divided on clan basis. The HDM had initially co-operated with the Italian administration (AFIS), receiving significant Italian financial backing in its political struggle against the Lega; but soon its relations with AFIS soured and came to an end amid accusations of political maneuverings against the party. As early as October 1951, i.e. little more than one year from the installation of the Italian administration, the HDM sent a petition to the United Nation’s Trusteeship Council accusing Italy of “not showing any convincing programme as to her promises to promote the progress and well-being of the Somali people until independence is achieved.” (UN Doc.T/PET. 11/109 1 -). The rupture between the party and AFIS is confirmed by a police report referring to a statement made by Abdinour Mohamed Hussein, the leader of the HDM, at a rally held at Afgoi, according to which ”the Italians were foreigners in Somalia, and as such, it was necessary to stop asking them for money and awards.” (Secret Carabinieri report n.64/RP dated August, 1954) In the first legislative election in 1956, the party gained 13 seats in the Legislative Assembly, the largest number of seats held by any single party on the opposition benches. Following a law passed by the Legislative Assembly in 1958, making it illegal for political parties to bear tribal names, the party was forced to change its name, but not its political programme (Law no. 26 on political elections, 1958) The party, however, found an ingenious way to circumvent the prohibition by changing its name to ‘Hizbia Destur Mustaqil Somali’ (Somali Independent Constitutional Party) while preserving the acronym HDM and its tribal affiliation. Ironically, the banning of political parties bearing tribal denominations in Somalia contrasted sharply with the tribally based Somali political system. The daunting task of abolishing tribalism in Somalia required more than just a declaration of good intent; but it seems that the government gave more attention to symbolism rather than substance. Bickering and personal antagonism within the ranks of the party had engendered a lasting split during the run-up to the 1959 general elections. In fact, while the party had officially decided to boycott the elections on the grounds of perceived intimidation and violence by supporters of the ruling party allegedly acting under the orders of the government, some HDMS prominent members including Abdinour Mohamed Hussein and Abdulkadir Mohamed Aden “Zoppo” stood for election on the Lega ticket. In the second legislative election of 1959, the party gained five seats, all concentrated in the Upper Juba region. In the third legislative election of 1964, the party gained eight seats in the National Assembly, while in the fourth and last parliamentary election of 1969, it gained a mere three seats. For a long time, the HDMS represented a real opposition party in Parliament, however, with most of the legendary ‘founding fathers’ repudiating their party, its role and its importance as a credible opposition force gradually diminished. Share this: TwitterFacebook Loading... Related image Somalia leaders call for Brussels pledges review at Garowe Conference May 4, 2015 In "Bashir hashi yussuf" image Somalia: Anti-Federal Govt demo held in Puntland June 29, 2015 In "Bashir hashi yussuf" image Somalia: Jubaland parliament names election commission – August 4, 2015 In "Bashir hashi yussuf" Posted in Bashir hashi yussuf. Post navigation Previous: Previous post:The memorable history of the Somali Register includes (KELI ASAYLE) or the canal of mourning in Janale District of Lower Shabelle Region in the early 1900s During the Fascist era the Italian colonial administration issued orders to work hard for Somalis and cultivate the land. When the Somalis fought against the Italian occupation, he fled from Janale to Shalanbood, 30km from Janale, which was attacked by the Somalis every Wednesday.immediately another somali began working with the Italians led by Italy in a battle in Janale Halkan where hundreds of Somalis died near the village of Janale.then only asaylemany men were killed and the colonists were killed during the Italian eraSomali girls were taken to Janale when their men were killed, Italy used to make men go through the water, the name of how it came to be known today(Kali Asayle, Lower Shabelle region has Italian colonial aspirations that have not yet been renamed, e.g.Captainlas, Jebey,Angarariyo, Mushani, Bibi, Anbanana, Agalio, & many more Next: Next post:May Allah have mercy on my grandfather Alsayid Haji Yusuf Hassan. He is remembered for spreading the Islamic message. From 1910 to 1900 in Hobyo and Mogadishu. Leave a comment Blog at WordPress.com. GalmudugPost - Academic books on Somali history, such as *The Invention of Somalia* by Ali Jimale Ahmed. - Historical records about Somali sultanates and battles, available in East African historical journals. - Articles on Somali federalism and clan politics, which can be accessed through databases like JSTOR or Google Scholar. == ISIRKA BEELAHA BEGEDI. == Isirka beesha bagedi waxey galaan cadow Mirifle oo wada dageen deegaanada shableeda hoose. Bagedigu waa beel ay boqortooyo wadaag ahayen beelaha geledi oo muddo aad udheer xukumeysa barta iyo koonfurta soomaaliya kadib market jabiyeen boqortooyadii ajuuraan iyo hiraab ee katalin jirtay waayo hore koonfurta soomaaliya Bagedi waa beel kucaan ah ladirika shisheeyaha iyo gumeysi diidka , inkastoo Aan labuunbuuninin sida beelaha kale ee soomaaliyeed . Bagedi iyo geledi oo ah ilmo adeero (digil) waxey Daris iyo boqortoyo wadaag ahaayeen muddo aad utiro badan . Bagediga waxa uu ku abtirsada cadow Mirifle isir soomaali ah sida 1: awaasaad iyo == DADKA IYO DEEGAANADA BEELAHA BEGEDI. == Dadka begedi oo sida aan horey u soo tilmaamayba ku abuurmay dan iyosida awoowyaasheynah sheegeen deegaan wadaag ayaa waxay ka kooban yihiin 12 beelood oo ku aroora afar isir. Walow aan si dhab ah loo ogayn sidii loo soo kala horeeyay ayaa hadana waxaa jira astaamo aad u muuqda oo aan la dafiri karin oo ka muuqda degmada Awdheegle sida magacyada qadiimiga ah,Qabuuraha iyo caado dhaqameedyada,waxayna si guud iyo si gaar ahba ay u cabirayaan in degmadan Awdheegle la deganaa ka hor soo galidii diinta islaamka geyiga Soomaaliyeed. Magacan begedi oo u muuqda magac micno ahaan loo ekaysiiyay carabi ayaa hadan waxa uu magacan yahay magac Soomaali ah loona yaqiinay deegaanka beesha begedi,waxa uuna tilmaan u ahaa barwaaqada ALAH ku maneystay beesha cid kasta oo aragtaa in ayan aragti kaga BOGAN karin nicmada taal dhalka reer BOGODI oo la micno ah INDHO DARAANDAR ama ASHQARAAR . Sida la sheego deegaanka maanta loo yaqaano beesha begedi oo caasimad u ah waa degmada Awdheegle,waxaana deegaankaan ku soo horeeyay beelaha 1-awaasaad. 2-HAAMAALE&hubsame. 3-JEEDO. 4-MAATARE. Waxaa xigay oo iyaguna mardanbe soo gaaray deegaanka degmada Awdheegle beelaha. 1-Madoobe. 2-Mirikle. 3-Dheegle. 4-Reer Macalin. Ugu danbayntii ayaa waxaa iyana deegaamooway oo deegaanka ku soo biiray kooxda loo yaqaano sedex Owr Carbeed oo iyaguna ka kooba sedex reer oo kala ah. 1-Quraawane. 2-Quriile. 3-Abaajibil. Guud ahaan sedaxdaan koox oo sidan dhulka ugu soo kala horeeyay ayaa ugu danbayn waxaa ku abuurmay beesha begedi gudaha dhulka BOGODY/BEGEDI. Guud ahaa beelaha begedi ayaa waxay deegaan ahaan u degaan gobolada Baay,Banaadir,Shabeelaha hoose iyo Juba Dhexe, jubada hoose iyo gedo [[Hal Abuur|halka]] degmada Awdheegle gobolka Shabeelaha hoose ay tahay deegaan iyo degmo reer begedi ay ku dhan yihiin,iyadoo sidoo kalena ay degaan degmooyinka Buurhakaba,Afgooye,Qoryooleey,Marko iyo Baraawe, Sablaale, kunturwaarey,Janaale, Baardheere,Jowhar waxaa intaa dheer caasimada magaalada muqdisho gobolka banaadir iyo caasimada kumeelgaarka ahee KoonfurGalbeed magaalada Baydhabo. Dadka begedigu waa dad isugu jira Beeraaleey,Xoolo dhaqato,Ganacsato iyo Xirfadlayaal sumcad iyo maamuusba ku dhex leh sokeeye iyo shisheeye,deris iyo ood wadaag,waana dad nabadeed aad u adadag xiliyada ay taagan yihiin duruufaha adag sida dagaalada,abaaraha,cudurada iyo aafooyinka dabeecadu keento. Dhulkan baaxada intaan la eg misna barwaaqada ahayaa waxa uu beeshu ku sababay iska war hayn la'aan meelaha qaar iyo mararka qaar sababta in reero ka mid ah beesha begedi ay ku biiraan reero ay oodwadaag yihiin,beelaha ay beesha begedi reero ka mid ahi ay ku biireen waxaa kamid ah l beesha sedaxda buurood amaba beesha EELAAY,Geledi,Gare,Cad cadka,Jareer weyne iyo Tuni. == Beelaha Begedi Iyo Qaab Samayskood. == Sida aan ku soo dulmarnay labadii qayb ee hore ayaa hadana qaybtan 3aad waxaan is dul taagi doonaa ku biirista beelaha begedi qaarkood beelaha oodwadaaga la ah. Walow aan horey u tilmaamay si guud beelaha Geledi,Gare,Cad cadka iyo Tuni ayaa hadana waxaa la filan karaa inay jiraan jufooyin iyaguna ku soo biiray beelaha begedi oo iyaguna reerahood ku qaaraan ah,waxaan markale idiin xasuusinaayaa in beelaha begedi ayan lahay QAARAAN guud. -Beelaha Hubsune iyo Haamaale ayaa waxay qayb ka yihiin beesha EELAAY(8-Mirifle/Madoobe Mirifle). -Beesha Quraawane ayaa iyaguna waxay ku qaaraan yihiin beesha GELEDI(7-Digil),Sidoo kale ayaa beesha Quraawane waxay dhalasho wadaag la tahay beelaha laysku yiraahdo LIKA CADOW MIRIFLE oo ay ku abtirsadaan 6 beelood oo kala ah Yantaar,Barbaare,Helede,Quraawane,Daawane iyo Goorlabe,lixdan beelood ayaa hada ku kala abtirsada beelo ka gedisan sida beelaha Yantaar ee Mirifle,Barbaare 5Caleen,Helede Eelaay,Quraawane Begedi,Daawane Eelaay,Goorlabe Abgaal. Waxaa sidoo kale iyana jira in beesha Uraawane ay dhalasho wadaag yihiin beesha URAAGI ee reer Ethiopia,iyadoo sidoo kalena ay jiraan qoraalo cadeynaaya in asal ahaan Quraawanuhu ay ka yimaadeen Jaziirada Carabta reer ahaana ay la tirsadaan beelaha XADARMA/Yaman magacuna u dhigaan BAA-QARWAAN,halka qoraalo kalena sheegayaan in burburkii boqortooyadii QAYROWAAN ee Galbeedka qaarada Afrika halka maanta loo yaqaano Marooko ay ka soo jeedaan. Lixdan beelood ayaa si toos ah ugu abtirsada CADE MIRIFLE. -Beesha Abaajibil ayaa waxay ku qaaraan yihiin beesha Gare(7Digil/Samaale)halka ay abtirsiimo ahaana ay kasoo jeedaan ASHARAAF. -Beeshaa Abaasaad (Baa-Sacad) ayaa ku qaaraan ah beelaha reer Xamarka,halka Asal ahaana ay ka soo jeedaan beelaha XADAARMA ee reer Yamaneed. -Maatare/Maataay waxay dhalasho wadaag yihiin Dabare iyo Iroole oo reer 7Digil ah. -Reer Macalin kadib dagaal dhex maray walaalaha reer macalin iyo walaalahood Quraawane waxa uu sababay in reer Macalin ay Shiikhaal ku biiraan oo ay ku qaaraan yihiin. -Jeedo ayaa iyana dhalasho wadaag la ah beelaha Afaaf ee Jiido ama Tuni. -Dheegle iyo Madoobe ayaa iyaguna waxay ku qaaraan yihiin reer Abaasaad oo wada begedi ah. -Beesha Quriile guud ahaan kolka laga reebo labo jufo intooda kale waa waa dad carbeed oo ka yimid xagaa iyo Jazeerada carabta,walow hadana jinsiga jaziirada carabta ku nooli aanu wada ahayn carab,taasina waxay xoojinaysaa in fikrada sheegayso in beeshan ay ka soo uskantay reer binuu israaiil ama farsi. Guud ahaan beelahan ay ka kooban tahay beesha Begedi ayaa waxay sidoo kale yihiin ka mid yihiin Afarta wiil ee uu dhalay Maxamed(Reewing/Raxaweyn) ina Safar Kalmoge Talmadar Sheekh Maxamed Digil. Afartan wiil oo lagu kulmiyo MUCAJABU ayaa ka dhigan M-oo Mirifle ah,C-oo Caleemo ah,J-oo Jambaluul ah iyo B-oo Begedi ah. Waa inoo qayb kale. Qalinkii. Abdiaziz ShSalah. == Sida saxda ah Abtirka Beesha waa == QABIILKA BEGEDI BEESHA BEGEDI waa beel kamid ah Beelaha aslaka ah ee ku abtirsada Odeyga AW-DIGIL, oo ah odeyga ey kasoo farcamee Qabaa’ilada lesku yiraahdo Hada Digil & Mirifle. Beel weynta Begedi ama Bagadi waxay u qeybsantaa sida soo socota: 1) hubsune 2) hamaale 3) jeedo 4) maatire 9s4ejee980u1yvy9z7o84tq3vbidgge 0 32041 268943 268936 2024-12-01T15:19:10Z 197.231.201.220 /* Ciise Muuse */ 268943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Yemen}}|group=Habr Awal <br> هبر أول|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Yemen.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region4={{flagcountry|Yemen}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]],[[Arabic language|Arabic]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])|related-c= [[Habar Yonis]], [[Arap]] , [[Habar Jeclo]] , [[Ciidagale]] and other [[Isaaq]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} The '''Habr Awal''', also contemporarily known as the '''Subeer Awal''', and alternately romanized as the '''Zubeyr Awal''' (Somali: ''Habar Awal'', Arabic: هبر أول, Full Name: ''Zubeyr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad)'' is the most populated clan of the wider Isaaq clan family, and is further divided into eight sub-clans of whom the two largest and most prominent are the Sa'ad Musa and Issa Musa sub-clans. Its members form a part of the Habr Magaadle confederation. The Habr Awal traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, coastal people, merchantsand farmers .The Habr Awal are historically/politically and economically influential in present-day Somaliland, and reside in strategic coastal and fertile lands. == Taariikhda == [[File:Warsame_Yunis.png|right|thumb| Warsame Yunis oo ka tirsan Sacad Musa Haber Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte, 1890]] Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmeed wuxuu ka mid ahaa aqoonyahanadii Carbeed ee ka soo talaabay badda Carabiya ee Carabta una so gudbay Geeska Afrika si ay u faafiyaan diinta Islaamka qiyaastii qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Waxaa la sheegay inuu ku abtirsaday [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|Nabi Maxamed]] gabadhiisii [[Fatima bint Muxamed|Fatimah]] . Sidaa awgeed Sheekha wuxuu ka tirsanaa [[Asharaaf|Ashraf]] ama Sada, ciwaano la siiyay faracii nebiga. Wuxuu guursaday laba dumar ah oo maxalli ah oo ka tagay [[Somaliland]] oo ay ka tageen siddeed wiil, oo mid ka mid ah ay tahay Cabdiraxmaan (Awal) Faraca sideedaas wiil waa waxa maanta loo yaqaan qabiilka Isaaq. Qabriga Zubeyr Awal, oo ah magaca awoowga ah ee beelweynta Haber Awal ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], wuxuu ku yaal Jiidali ee gobolka [[Sanaag]] oo qiyaastii ah 100&nbsp;Km dhanka bari ka xigta qabrigii awoowgiis Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed oo ahaa aabihii aasaasay qabiilka [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], oo qabrigiisu ku yaal magaalo xeebeedka [[Maydh]] . === Muddadii Dhexe (Guul-u-helidda Abbysinia) === Taariikh Awal jeeday waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah [[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]] iyo lagu xusay caanka "Futuh Al-Habash" kaalintii ay waaweyn ee dagaalka boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia-Adal sida Magaadle jeeday ee ay la socdaan [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Garhajis]], Arap iyo qabaa'ilka Ayub ka dhanka ah boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia, Waxay Soo Magan galeen shaqsi taariikhi ah oo loo yaqaan Axmad Gurey kaas oo ahaa gacan-wadaha saxda ah ee [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] isla markaana ahaa amiir ka dhashay Beesha Samaroon Jufadda Maxad case lafta Cismaan Muuse Maxamed Case (Abrayn ) Ahaana Amiirkii ciidammada Boqortooyadii Adal xilligii dagaalkii Abyssinian-Adal. === Xilligii gumaysiga ka hor === [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]] iyo xulafadii Habr Awal]] Haber Awal waxay leedahay taariikh ganacsi oo hodan ah inta badana waxaa ugu wacan lahaanshaha dekedda weyn ee soomaalida ee [[berbera]], taas oo ahayd dekedda ugu weyn iyo degitaanka qabiilka Haber Awal xilligii hore ee casriga. Qabiilku wuxuu xiriir adag [[Harar|lalahaa imaarada Harar]] waxayna imaaradu ku hayeen ganacsatada Haber Awal maxkamadahooda si xushmad iyo qadarin leh [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] isagoo xusaya saameynta ay ku leeyihiin maxkamada Amiir [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmed III bin Abu Bakr]] iyo wadahadal lala yeesho [[Vizier]] Mohammed. <blockquote>Haber Awal gebi ahaanba waa dad hodan ah, inta badanna waxay ku mahadsan tahay ganacsiga ka soo gudbaya dekedda Berbera ee ku taal dhulka Ciise Muuse. </blockquote><blockquote>Sidan oo kale qabiilooyinka ku hareeraysan marinka waddanka ee ay maraan gawaarida waaweyn ama jidadka ganacsiga ayaa soo urursaday hanti badan, halka kuwa Ayal Axmed oo kale ah, ay nasiib u yeesheen inay yeeshan deked ay doorbiday Dabeecadda sida Berbera, si daabiici ah ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay noqotay taaji . <ref>British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36</ref></blockquote> [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Wadooyinka ganacsiga ee aada magaalada Berbera iyagoo wata 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Axmed Nuux) oo ku yaal gudaha iyo hareeraha magaalada Berbera iyo qalcadda bari ee Siyara oo muuqata]] Ganacsatada Habr Awal waxay xiriir ganacsi oo aad u ballaadhan la lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Hindi ah oo ka kala yimid [[Dhulbaxsinta Carabta|Carabiya]] iyo waddamada [[Hindiya]] sida ay u kala horreeyaan. Markay ganacsatadan ajanabiga ahi yimaaddeen [[Berbera]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]] si ay ganacsi u fuliyaan, waxaa jiray is afgarad wax ku ool ah oo salka ku haya nidaamka abbaanka (ilaalinta) ee u dhexeeya iyaga iyo dadka deegaanka ah ee Reer Yuunis Nuux (Ayyal Yuunis) iyo Axmed Nuux (Ayyal Axmed) oo ku abtirsada Sacad Musa, Haber Awal:<blockquote>Tan ka hor, iyo ka hor degitaankii Ingriiska ee Cadan 1839, Ayyal Yuunis iyo Ayyal Ahmed abtirsiinyadooda Habr Awal waxay qabteen Berbera waxayna si wada jir ah u maareeyeen ganacsigooda, iyagoo la wadaagaya macaashka dhammaan macaamil ganacsi sida 'ilaaliyeyaal' (abans) ganacsato ajaanib ah oo ka kala yimid [[Carabiya]] iyo [[Hindiya]]. Markii lagu gudajiray dhiirrigelinta horumarka Cadan, barwaaqada dekedda ayaa si muuqata kor ugu kacday, Ayyal Yuunis oo tirad ahaan tiradooda ahayd ayaa eryay ehelladooda la tartamay oo ku dhawaaqay inay yihiin milkiileyaal ganacsi ee Berbera. Tani waxay horseeday isqabqabsi dhinac walba uu ka raadsado caawimaad dibadeed; Ayyal Axmed ee laga adkaaday wuxuu u jeestay Xaaji Shirmarke 'Cali iyo qabiilkiisa Haber Yuunis si ay u taageeraan. Taakulayntaan, waxay markaa awood u yeesheen inay dib isu taagaan oo ay cayriyaan Ayyal Yuunis oo u dhaqaaqay wadada yar ee waddada [[Bulaxaar]], oo dhawr mayl u jirta galbeedka Berbera. </blockquote> [[File:Berbera,_1884.png|thumb|300x300px| Sawirka Berbera, 1884]] Kaliya maahan in Haber Awal ganacsato ajaanib ah ay ku soo dhoweeyaan dekedahooda, waxay sidoo kale howlgalo ganacsi ka sameyeen maraakiibtooda ilaa dekadaha Carabta. Badi ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ee tagi jirtay Cadan iyo dekedaha kale ee Koonfurta Carabtu waxay kasoo jeedaan qabiilka Habr Awal. Waxay Harar iyo gudaha ka soo iibsadeen badeecooyin kala duwan oo cayriin ah iyagoo ku beddelaya badeecado la soo saaray. Intii ay joogeen, Habr Awal waxay kireysteen guryo iyaga u gaar ah waxayna shaqaalaysiiyeen addoommadoodii, halka qabaa'illada kale ee Soomaaliyeed ay u janjeeraan inay la joogaan eheladoodii hore looga sii aasaasay guud ahaan Gacanka.<blockquote>Ganacsato. - Kuwani guud ahaan waxay ka tirsan yihiin qabiilka Haber Awal. Waxay ka keenaan Harrar iyo dalkii Galla, kafee, saffron (baastar), faan-maroodi (faan-maroodi), iyo baalal, iyagoo ka qaadaya zinc, naxaas, maro ballaadhan, iyo badeecado googoos ah. Waxay sii joogaan Cadan muddo ku dhow labaatan maalmood markiiba inta lagu jiro xilliga ganacsiga, oo soconaya illaa sagaal bilood, 'iyagoo afar safar gaaraya. Inta ay degan yihiin waxay kiraystaan guri, waxaana la socda qoysaskooda. </blockquote> [[File:Street_in_Bulhar.png|thumb|300x300px| Wadada [[Bulaxaar]]]] Gudaha, Haber Awal gawaarida ganacsiga (khafilada) waxay ahaayeen muuqaal soo noqnoqda marka loo eego koontooyinka casriga ee reer Yurub ee Jasiiradda Soomaaliya:<blockquote>Markii aan ka soo ambabaxnay magaalada Hargeysa waxaan soo safarnay maylal badan oo aan soo marnay dhul qurux u eg oo baarkinka ah, oo nool oo shimbiro leh iyo haad hawd ah. Waxaan la kulanay khafilaadaha caadiga ah ee Soomaalida [gawaarida gawaadhida ka ganacsada] ee ragga Habr-Awal, iyagoo sita maqaarkooda, xanjo, subag, iyo qaxwaha dekeddeenna Bulhar, oo ku taal inta u dhexeysa Berbera iyo Saylac. <ref>'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901</ref></blockquote>Soomaalida ka soo jeeda gudaha qoto dheer, gaar ahaan kuwa ka soo jeeda [[Ogaadeen (beel)|Ogaadeenya]], sidoo kale waxay hantidooda inteeda badan ka heleen ganacsatada Habr Awal oo ay ugu yeedheen "iidoor", oo ah masayr xamaasad leh oo macnaheedu yahay baayacmushtar ama ganacsade, tixraacna u ah dabeecada baayacmushtariga Habr Awal. waqtigaas. <ref name="Info">Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115</ref> Xeebta Habr Awal (inta badan Reer Axmed Nuux) waxay si joogto ah ugu shaqeysay sidii dillaaliin / dhex dhexaadinta beelaha Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha ee doonaya inay alaabtooda u qaadaan dekedaha Berbera iyo Bulhar:<blockquote>Caadada ayaa ah Ayal Achmet (qabiilka Berbera) inuu u dhaqmo sidii dillaaliin, badiyaaana inta badan faa iidooyinka waxay ku dhagan yihiin gacmaha ninka dhexe. Ilaa iyo beryahan dambe Ogadayn waligeed ma aadin xeebta, laakiin waxay badeecada ku aamintay ganacsatada xeebaha. </blockquote> ==== Xannibaadda Berbera ==== Markii Markab Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray ''Mary Anne uu'' isku dayey inuu ku xidho dekedda Berbera 1825 waa la weeraray oo xubno badan oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah ayaa xasuuqay Habr Awal. Jawaab ahaan Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada waxay hirgeliyeen xannibaadda iyo xisaabaadka qaarkood waxay ka sheekeeyaan duqeyn magaalada ka dhacday. Qasimiyiintu waxay aad ugu firfircoonaayeen xag militari ahaan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba [[Gacanka Maakhir|gacanka Cadmeed]] waxaana la siiyay inay dhacaan oo ay weeraraan maraakiibta ilaa galbeedka Mocha ee [[Baddacas|Badda Cas]] . Waxay xiriiryo badan oo ganacsi la lahaayeen [[Soomaalida]], iyagoo hogaaminayey maraakiibta Ras Al Khaimah iyo [[Gacanka Faarsiga|Gacanka Beershiya]] inay si joogto ah uga qayb galaan carwooyinka ganacsiga ee [[Berbera]] iyo [[Saylac]] . Marka la fiiriyo sumcadda reer Qaasim ee burcad-badeednimada caanka ah, [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] Suldaan Faarax iyo Xaaji Cali waxay qalinka u qoreen Suldaan bin Saqr Al Qasimi oo ay ku wargelinayaan xaaladda waxayna ka codsadeen inuu kala qayb galo dagaalka ay kula jiraan Ingiriiska. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Suldaanku wuu awoodi waayey inuu ka jawaabo ama gacan ka geysto yareynta xannibaadda maadaama ololihii Gacanka Beershiiya ee 1819 uu awood u waayey ciidankiisii. 1827 laba sano ka dib Ingriisku wuxuu kordhiyay yabooh si loo yareeyo xayiraada oo hakad galisay ganacsigii faa iidada badnaa ee Berbera iyada oo lagu badalayo heshiis ganacsi iyo 15,000 oo lacagta Isbaanishka ah oo ay bixinayaan hogaamiyeyaasha Habr Awal burburinta markabka iyo nolosha. === Xilligii Maxmiyadda Ingiriiska === Beesha Haber Awal waxay hoos tagtay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] iyagoo saxiixay heshiis [[Ingiriiska|maxmiyadeed Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska]] markay ahayd 14 July 1884. Habr Awal wuxuu sii waday inuu heshiis ganacsi oo faa'iido leh la yeesho xiriirada shisheeye, inbadan oo kamid ah sidoo kale waxay kujireen xukunkii ingiriiska dalalkooda. Ingriisku wuxuu aasaasay caasimada [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda British Somaliland]] ee [[Berbera]], laakiin markii dambe wuxuu caasimada u raray [[Hargeysa]] 1941 === Garaadka iyo Salaadiinta Beesha Habr Awal === Habr Awal waxay leeyihiin dhaqan soo jireen ah oo hogaamineed waxaana hogaamiya Suldaan ka tirsan garabka Axmed Cabdalla - beel aad u tiro badan oo Sacad Muusa ah oo inta badan degan dalka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Itoobiya]] . Taariikh ahaan waxay doorbidaan inay adeegsadaan ereyga asalka ah ee ''Garaadka'' sida Warsangeli, labada qabiilba waxay tan iyo markaas bedeleen magaca cinwaanka oo loo bixiyay ''Suldaan'' in kastoo ''doorku'' isku mid yahay. Jeeday Awal Garaads urura lahaa nin ee xiliyada dagaalka iyo xallinayo murannada ka ballaaran leh beelaha kale buuxinta kaalinta sidii nabad kama dambaysta ah ''(nabadoon).'' Garaad Biniin kii ugu horreeyay waxaa loo caleemo saaray waqti la mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Habr Yunis]] Suldaan Diriiye Caynaasha, iyadoo labadan beelood ee waaweyn ay ka jabeen tababbarkii [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Ciidagale]] oo ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ballaadhan ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] . Geeridiisa ka dib, Habr Awal ma uusan caleemo saarin Garaad cusub dhowr sano maadaama dadka dhaxalka u ah Biniin ay aad u yaraayeen, iyadoo Garaad Cabdalla la caleemo saaray markii uu qaangaaray. Dagaal ka dhaca xadka koonfureed ee dhulka Habr Awal si looga ilaaliyo qabiilka cadawgiisa iyo la dagaalanka weerarada. Hal dhacdo wuxuu si dirqi ah uga badbaaday weerar kadis ah oo [[Daarood|Jidwaaq]] ah iyadoo Axmed Cabdalla uu si dhaqso leh [[Daarood|isugu soo uruuriyay]] kuna qasbay duullaanka inay cararaan {| class="wikitable" ! ! Magaca ! Xukunka Ka soo ! Xukunka Ilaa |- | 1 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Biniin''' ( '''Garaadkii''' ''ugu horeeyey'' ) | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |2 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Cabdalla''' ''Garaad'' Biniin | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |3 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Askar''' ''Garaad'' Abdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |4 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Diiriiye''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 5 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Abdulrahman''' ''Garaad'' Diriiye ''(Suldaanka la qaatay)'' | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 6 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdillaahi''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdulraxman | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 7 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdirisaaq''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 8 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Xasan''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |} [[File:Garaad_Askar.png|thumb| Mustaqbalka ''Garaad'' Askar waxaa la sawiray sanadkii 1895]] Garaad Abdalla wuxuu shaqeynayey dhowr iyo toban sano, waxaana ku qaabilay saraakiil socdaal Ingriis ah oo ku dhoweyd xadka koonfureed ee [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda]] sanadkii 1894-tii oo ku saabsan ballaarinta Jeneraal Ras Makonen oo wakiil ka ahaa Menelik II . Garaad Cabdalla oo ay weheliyaan hogaamiyeyaal kale oo badan oo ka tirsan British Somaliland sida Sultan Deria Hassan iyo Sheikh Madar waxay ka walwalsanaayeen duulaanka ba'an ee ciidamada Xabashidu ku bartilmaameedsadeen magaalada sii kordheysa ee [[Hargeysa]] iyo nawaaxigeeda. Garaadka waxaa la soo xiriiray Makonen labo sano un kadib isagoo ka codsaday isaga iyo Habr Awal inay ku biiraan Boqortooyada Itoobiya laakiin waa laga diiday. Garaad Cabdalla waxaa u yimid Suldaanka [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Beesha Habr Yunis]] markii ay abaaro soo food saareen, Habr Yunis wuxuu codsaday in la helo ceelasha Habr Awal si ay u waraabiyaan. Cabdala wuu ogolaaday codsigii laakiin qaar ka mid ah beeshiisa ayaa u haystay inuu yahay mid deeqsi badan isla markaana caawiya Habr Yunis iyadoo la tixgalinayo ladnaanta kaydkooda. Dadkaas waxaa ugu weynaa Askartiisa oo 15 jir ah. Markii qaar ka mid ah xisbiga Habr Yunis ay biyo yimaadeen, Askar ayaa soo dhex galay ceelka dhexdiisa raggiina waxay u diideen inay galaan. Waxaa lagu canaantay nacasnimadiisa waxaana loo sheegay inuu gees u leexdo oo uu adeeco rabitaanka aabihiis. Askar xanaaqsan ayaa toorey la dhacay ninka canaantay dagaalna wuxuu ku sigtay inuu ka bilowdo falkan. Baardheer Habr Awal oo caaqil ah kana yimid [[Bulaxaar|Bulhar oo]] lagu magacaabo Aami ayaa istaagay oo gabay ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|tiriyay]]'' : ''Erayada aad u tiro badan ayaa durba laga hadlay Yuunis ereyadiisa nacasnimada ah'' : ''Laakiin xukunka xaqa ahu wuxuu kuugu daahirsanaan doonaa sidii caadadii hore, oo nabad iyo sida buur oo kale u keenaysa'' : ''Dad aad kuugu dhow ayaa ku dhuunta dadka, cadaawayaashaada, laga soo bilaabo waqtiyadii hore ee xuska colaada'' : ''Haddii waqtigu yimaado markii aad ku indho beeshay khilaafku, ma ixtiraami lahayd'' : ''Si hagar la’aan ah, si kedis ah ayey kugu soo dul degeen'' : ''Dhamaan qabiilooyinka cadawga ah waxay maqleen warkaaga muranka ah'' : ''Sida gorgorrada oo kale, dhammaantood hunguriga ayey ka eegaan hilibkaaga!'' [[File:Habr_Awal_Warriors.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Dagaalyahanada beesha Habr Awal]] Dhinacyadiina waxaa taabtay hadalladiisii waxayna dhex-dhexaadiyeen khilaafkoodii. Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu gacantiisa siiyay mid ka mid ah gabdhihiisa gabyaaga si loogu abaalmariyo dadaalkiisa. Geeridii Cabdalla ka dib, wiilkiisii ugu weynaa ee Askar ayaa ka dambeeyay isaga oo noqday Garaad. Askar wuxuu ahaa nin fardooley ah oo xirfad leh wuxuuna la dagaalamay qaybaha koonfureed ee qabiilka kana soo horjeeday Dervishkii bilaabay duulaanka Habr Awal iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee gobolka. Sheekh Madar wuxuu isu keenay qaybaha waqooyi ee Habr Awal kuwaas oo ka duwan Ahmed Abdalla iyo in yar oo kale, oo inta badan deganaa xuduudaha [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] . Geeridii Askaar kadib walaalkii ka yaraa ee Diriiye wuxuu qaatay garaadka Garaadka oo wuxuu kaga duwanaa walaalkiis iyo aabihiis inuu aad diirada u saaro tabashooyinka bulshada Habr Awal maadaama mudo nabada ay dhowdahay kadib guuldaradii Dervishes, hoos u dhigida baahida dagaalka. . Diriiye waxaa la soo dersay loolan is barbar socda oo kaalintiisa ah sida Garaad iyo Habr Awal oo gadaashiisa isugu soo ururay oo iska caabiyey ninka iska dhigaya. Markii ugu dambaysay dhimashadii Diriiye, wiilkiisa Cabdulraxman ayaa la caleemo saaray oo wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Habr Awal ee isu muujiya sida 'Suldaan' halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Garaadka. Abdulrahman wuxuu aad ula mid ahaa aabihiis hase yeeshe wuxuu aad ugu firfircoonaa arrimaha maxmiyada. Markii Ciidagale isku dayay inuu weeraro Ciise Muusa, wiil uu dhalay Habr Yunis Sultan ayaa ku soo biiray duulaanka markii la eryanayay ragii duulaanka ahaa waa la dilay. Suldaanka Beesha Habr Yunis wuxuu u yimid C / Raxmaan si uu u xaliyo khilaafka wuxuuna rabey inuu ku qasbo Issa Musa inuu bixiyo ''magta'' wiilka Suldaanka. Sida ku cad ''[[Xeer|xeer-]]'' dhaqameedka Soomaalida soo celinta lama bixiyo markii mid la dilo isdifaacid. Sidaa darteed Ciise Muusa wuu diiday oo gaashaan buufintooda ku sameeyay isagoo diidaya xukunka Abdulrahman. Cismaan Haariyey oo hayb aahan kasoo jeedey ciise muuse ‘ abokor ciise ayaa abwaanku istaagey oo tiriyey ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|geeraarka]]'' soo socda oo ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|uu ku cadeynayo]]'' ixtiraamkiisa laakiin uusan ku raacsaneyn Suldaan Abdulrahman. Intaa ka dib Ciise Muusa wuu bixi lahaa oo wuxuu sii ambaqaadi doonaa inuu caleemo saaro Suldaankoodii ugu horeeyay, Suldaan Kooshin sanadkii 1949 isagoo xusayay madaxbanaanidooda walaalahooda weyn ee Sacad Musa. {{Verse translation|Ninka Qaaliya joogee Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo Ninka geeri qodaayiyo Ka qasaalaya geela Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo Wax ma qaybsan karaan? Suldaanow kuma caayin Ku canaannana maayo Ceebna kuu gudi maayo Calafna kaa sugi maayo Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo Cadradii gabadhiinna Marnaba kaa celin maayo Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon Caleentii boqor saarray baa Cuurkii Muuse Subeer Aakhiro u celinaaya|The man who stands in wealth Who harvests the millet The man who’s digging for death And the ones looking after the camels Oh Suldaan think about it Can they agree? Oh Suldaan I have not insulted you And I am not reprimanding you I am not compensating you for shame I expect no wealth from you The respect we give you The beautiful young women We will never take back from you Men who were like you Who we put leaves on as king Are keeping back The Muuse Subeer people|lang=so-Latn|attr1=Cismaan Haayirey ''Suldaanow Kuma Caayin''<ref>''War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86''</ref>}} Sannadkii 1955-kii, Sultan Abdulrahman Deria wuxuu xubin ka ahaa 4 wafdi oo isugu jiray siyaasiyiin iyo salaadiin u tagay [[London]], [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] . Hadafkoodu wuxuu ahaa inay codsadaan oo ay cadaadis ku saaraan Dowladda Ingiriiska soo celinta dhulkii lumay ee loo yaqaanay 'Haud Reserve Area' oo la siiyay Boqortooyada Itoobiya intii lagu jiray heshiiskii Anglo Ethiopian ee 1954. [[File:Isaaq_Sultans_Abdillahi_Deria_and_Abdulrahman_Deria.png|thumb|350x350px| Salaadiinta Abdulrahman Deria iyo Cabdillaahi Deria oo ku sugnaa London, 1955]] ''Siyaasadaha Imperial iyo Nationalism ee Gobonimada Somaliland, 1954-1960'', Taariikhyahan Jaamac Maxamed ayaa qoray:<blockquote>NUF waxay u ololeysay soo celinta dhulalka Somaliland iyo dibeddaba. Tusaale ahaan, bishii Maarso 1955, wafdi ka kooban Michael Mariano, Abokor Xaaji Faarax iyo Cabdi Daahir ayaa aaday magaalada Muqdisho si ay ugu guuleystaan taageerada iyo wada shaqeynta kooxaha wadaniyiinta ah ee Soomaaliya. Iyo bishii Febraayo iyo May 1955 wefdi kale oo ka kooban laba Suldaan oo dhaqameed ah ( Suldaan Cabdillaahi Suldaan Deria, iyo Suldaan Abdulraxman Suldaan Deria), iyo laba siyaasi oo qunyar socod ah oo wax ku soo bartay Galbeedka (Michael Mariano, Cabdiraxmaan Cali Maxamed Dubeh) ayaa booqday London iyo New York. Intii ay ku guda jireen socdaalkooda London, waxay si rasmi ah ula kulmeen oo ay kala hadleen arinta Xoghayaha Arimaha Gumeysiga ee Alan Lennox-Boyd. Waxay u sheegeen Lennox-Boyd heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya ee 1885-kii. Heshiisyada dhexdooda, Michael Mariano wuxuu sheegay, Dowladda Ingiriiska 'ma aysan qaadin waligeed inay dhiibto, iibiso, amaahda ama haddii kale wax ku siiso shaqo, marka laga reebo Dowladda Ingiriiska, qayb kasta oo ka mid ah dhulka ay iyagu deggan yihiin ama ay iyagu gacanta ku hayaan'. Laakiin hadda dadka Soomaaliyeed 'waxay maqleen in dhulkooda la siinayo Itoobiya iyada oo loo marayo heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia ee 1897'. Si kastaba ha noqotee, heshiiskaas wuxuu 'khilaaf ka taagnaa' heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya 'kaasoo mudnaanta laga siiyay' 1897-kii heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia [. ] Dawladda Ingiriisku 'way ka xoog badatay awoodeeda markay dhammeysay heshiiskii 1897 iyo ... heshiiska 1897 kuma xirna qabiilooyinka.' Suldaan Cabdillaahi waxa kale oo uu intaas ku daray in heshiiskii 1954 uu ahaa 'naxdin weyn oo ku dhacday dadka Soomaaliyeed' maadaama aan loo sheegin wadahadallada, iyo tan iyo markii ay dawladda Ingiriisku maamushay aagga ilaa 1941. Ergooyinku waxay codsadeen, sida uu yiri Suldaan Abdulrahman, dib u dhigista dhaqangelinta heshiiska si 'loo siiyo wafdiga waqti ay dacwaddooda ugu gudbiyaan' baarlamaanka iyo hay'adaha caalamiga ah. </blockquote> === Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed === Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Soomaaliyeed ee]] (SNM) wuxuu ahaa koox fallaago ah 1980- 1990kii. SNM markay ahayd 1981 aasaaskeedii [[London]] waxay u doorteen Axmed Maxamed Gulaid oo ka soo jeeda qabiilka Habr Awal inuu noqdo gudoomiyahoodii ugu horeeyey, kaasoo sheegay in ujeedada cad ee kooxdu ahayd inay afgembiyaan [[Siyaad Barre|taliskii]] militariga ee [[Siyaad Barre]] . <ref name="Metz">Helen Chapin Metz, ''Somalia: a country study'', Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.</ref> SNM waxay ka soo ururisay saldhigii ugu weynaa ee ay ka taageertay xubnaha beesha Isaaq, kuwaas oo aasaasay isla markaana taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa iyagoo ka jawaabaya sanado faquuqa nidaamsan ee ay ku timid dawladii Siyaad Barre. Xubnaha Beesha Habr Awal waxay ka koobnaayeen qayb lixaad leh hogaamiyayaashii iyo askartii SNM. Taliyayaasha Habr Awal waxay fuliyeen howlgalo badan oo guuleystey oo horseeday guushii ugu weyneyd ee kooxda iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre. Galbeedka Somaliland, kooxdani waxay si mug leh uga dhex muuqatay qaybta 99 ee [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed]] oo lagu aasaasay magaalada [[Gabiley|Gabilay]] iyadoo inta badan qeybaha kala duwan ee ciidamada ay ka kooban yihiin maleeshiyooyin ka soo jeeda deegaanka Jibriil Abokor oo ka tirsan beesha Sacad Muuse. Habr Awal oo xukuma gobolka [[gabiley]] . Qaybta 99-aad waxaa taliye u ahaa Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) oo ka tirsan Jibriil Abokor oo si guul leh u qabsaday gobolka [[Awdal]] isla markaana gabi ahaanba tirtiray joogitaankii [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|ciidamadii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] ee ku sugnaa gudaha [[Gabiley]] iyo [[Awdal]] kuna qasbay dadka deegaanka [[Gadabuursi|Gadabuursi ee]] degen gobolka [[Awdal]] inay u ballanqaadaan daacadnimo [[Somaliland]] . Isaga oo ahaa taliyihii qaybta 99, General Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Jidhif) waxa kale oo uu Saldhig Milatari ka sameeyey [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Somaliyeed]] magaalada [[Saylac]] halkaas oo ay [[SNM]] qabsatay gobolka Awdal muddo 4 sano ah isla markaana ay si guul leh uga adkaadeen isku daygii maleeshiyooyinkii USF ee daacadda u ahaa [[Jabuuti]] oo isku dayey inay ka faa'iideystaan. ee dhicitaankii Dowladii Milatariga ee Siyaad Bare 1991 kuna darsatay magaalada [[Saylac]] . Badhtamaha Somaliland, [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] iyo qaybtiisa Xuseen Abokor ee ka tirsan Sacad Muuse oo ka mid ah beelweynta Habr Awal waxay si guul leh uga xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee naxariis darada ahaa waxayna door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen SNM halka ay ka xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Faraweyne]] . Isla mar ahaantaana, Qaybta Ciise Muuse ee uu hoggaamiyo Korneyl Ibraahim Dhagaweyne waxay xoreeyeen dekedda istiraatiijiga ah ee [[Berbera]] iyo magaalada taariikhiga ah ee Sheekh . Kadib aasaaskii [[Somaliland]] 1991. Ganacsatada Habr Awal ayaa maalgeliyey lacagtii ugu badnayd halkaas oo ay ugu deeqeen malaayiin doollar si ay uga helaan halgamayaashii SNM raashin, agab iyo qalab darajooyin milatari ah. Magaalooyinka ganacsiga ee Habr Awal sida [[Berbera]] iyo [[Wajaale]] waa halka laga helo hubka ugu badan ee laga soo waariday iyada oo maalqabeenada Habr Awal ee ganacsatada ah ay ciidamadii SNM u suurto gashay inay helaan hub ku filan. Beesha Habr Awal waxay door laxaad leh la qaadatay SNM waxayna ka mid ahaayeen aasaasayaashii la qadarin jiray. Waxay sidoo kale dhisay [[Somaliland]] hay'adaha siyaasadeed 's dhulka hoostiisa xeerka aaya madaxweynaha 2aad Somaliland ee [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Cigaal]] . Muddadii 9-ka sano ahayd ee uu [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha ka ahaa Somaliland]], Cigaal wuxuu ku guuleystey inuu hub ka dhigis ku sameeyo kooxaha kacdoonka maxalliga ah, dejiyey dhaqaalaha gobolka waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland, iyo inuu xiriir ganacsi oo aan rasmi ahayn la yeesho dalalka shisheeye. Waxa kale oo uu soo bandhigay [[Shillin Somaliland|shilinka Somaliland]], baasaboor iyo [[Calanka Somaliland|calan]] cusub oo dib loo [[Calanka Somaliland|naqshadeeyay]] . Intaa waxaa dheer, Cigaal abuuray [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Hubaysan Somaliland Ciidamada]], ugu waxtarka badan [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ciidamada qalabka sida tan lakal oo ka mid ah [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|Ciidamada Qaranka Soomaaliya]] ee 1991 List of caan jeeday Awal SNM Taliyeyaasha ( Mujahids ). * Kornayl Cabdilaahi Askar Barkhad * Cabdikariim Xaashi Cilmi * Adan Dhamah * Aadan Shiine * Axmed Jaamac Sabban (Janan Oogo) * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid * Axmed Dhagax * Axmed Ibraahim (Raage Bidaar) * Axmed Golhaye * Ahmed Mohamed Hasan (Ahmed Japan) * Cali Gurey * General Cali Xuseen Cabdi * korneyl maxamud wadaad * Korneyl Xasan Yoonis Habane * Gen haybe Axmed Guure (Haybe Laambad) * Xaamud Ibraahim yaasin’sabanle’ * Professor Ibrahim Meygaag Samatar * Ibraahim Dhagaxweyne * Sheekh Ibraahim Madar * Maxamed Cilmi Samatar Galan * Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) * Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi * Maxamed Xasan (Gacmo Dheere) * Kornayl Cumar tooray * Mahdi Cali Faarax * Kornayl [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] * Sheekh Yuusuf Cali Sheekh Madar * Yaxye Xaaji Ibraahim * korneyl cawil haad qadiye * Korneyl maxamed uraaga ‘ride’ * korneyl Talaata codle * cabdilaahi cuddo * muj Garwaaf * muj jaamac dhidaro * muj jaale diid * muj ciise curaagte == Geed Qabiil iyo Nasab == Beesha Isaaq-reeraha, qabaa'ilka ka kooban qaybaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo minka ah, sida ku cad abtirsiinta. Qeybta koowaad waxay u dhaxeysaa faracyadan ay ka dhasheen wiilasha Sheekh Isxaaq haweeney reer Harari ah - oo ah Habr Xabuusheed - iyo kuwa ku abtirsada wiilasha reer Sheekh Isxaaq oo ay dhashay haweeney [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ah oo ka soo jeeda Beesha Magaadle ee [[Dir]] - Habr Magaadle. Xaqiiqdii, inta badan qabiilooyinka ugu waaweyn ee reeraha-qoysku waa dhab ahaan isbahaysiyo ilmo-galeenka sidaa darteedna magaca "Habr" oo macno ahaan u leh [[Af Soomaali|Soomaaliga]] qadiimiga ah "hooyo". Tan waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka soo socda ee qabiilka. <ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> Falanqaynta DNA-da ee xubnaha Habr Awal ee degan Jabuuti waxay ogaadeen in dhamaan shakhsiyaadka ay ka tirsanyihiin bayaan-hoosaadka EV32 ee Y-DNA E1b1b aabbaha haplogroup. Geed qoys oo kooban oo ka mid ah qabiilooyinka waaweyn ee Habr Awal ayaa lagu soo bandhigay halkan hoose. <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2021-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307053718/https://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Habr_Awal_woman.png|right|thumb|298x298px| Naagtii Habr Awal ee reer Berbera, 1884]] * Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed Al Haashimi (Sheekh Isxaaq) ** ''Habr Jeclo'' *** Axmed (Tol-Ja'lo) *** Muuse (Habr Jeclo) *** Ibrahiim (Sanbuur) *** Muxammad ('Ibraan) ** ''Habr Magaadle'' *** Ismaaciil (Garxajis) *** Ayuub *** Muxammad (Arap) *** '''Cabdiraxmaan''' ( '''Subeer awal''' ) ==Sacad Muuse== *'''[Sacad Muse]''' sa'ad muse had 4 sons. abdiraxman, xasan, cabdalla and isxaaq *****Abdirahman Sa'ad *****Abdalla Sa'ad *****Hassan Sa'ad ******Abdalla Hassan *****Isaaq Sa'ad ******Makahil *******Nuh Makahil *******Abokor Makahil *******Cumar Makahil *******Mohammed Makahil *******Hassan Makahil ********Ali Hassan ********Jibril Hassan ********Rooble Hassan ********Osman Hassan *******Mohammed Isaaq (Abbas) *******Isse Isaaq (Ciise Carab) *******Musa (Ase) Isaaq *******Yeesif Isaaq *******Abokor Isaaq ********Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan) ********Abdalla Abokor ********Hussein Abokor *********Osman Hussein (Cismaannada) *********Jibril Hussein **********Ismail Jibril ***********Nuh Ismail ************Yunis Nuh (Reer Yunis Nuh) *************Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon) *************Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh) *************Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid) *************Mohammed Yonis ************Ahmed Nuh (Reer Ahmed Nuh) ***********Said Ismail ************Abdalla Said *************Samatar Abdalla (Reer Samatar) *************Abane Abdalla (Reer Abane) *************Ahmed Abdalla (Reer Ahmed Abdalla) ***********Abdalla Ismail ***********Ali Ismail ***********Idris Ismail (Bah Gobo) ***********Muhumed Ismail (Waran'ad) ***********Yonis Ismail (Bah Gobo) ***********Yusuf Ismail ********Jibril Abokor *********Adan Jibril (Bahaabar Adan) *********Ali Jibril **********Omar Ali ***********Abeeb Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Abtidon Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Adan Omar ***********Hussein Qawa Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Sahal Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Yonis Omar (Dugeh) ***********Ismail Omar ************Barre Ismail *************Hareed Barre (Reer Hareed) ************Dalal Ismail (Reer Dalal) ************Geedi Ismail 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Omar) ************Hoosh Ismail (Baha Omar) ************Higgis Ismail ************Idris Ismail ************Ollow Ismail ************Samatar Ismail ************Qayaad Ismail (Baha Omar) *********Hassan Jibril *********Mohamed Jibril (Deriyahan) *********Yonis Jibril (Reer Yonis) **********Muuse Yonis ***********Cabdi Muse Yonis **********Caraale yonis **********Caynaashe Yonis **********Urkurag Yonis ***********Adan Urkurag ************Omar Adan ************Ali Adan ************Ahmed Adan == Ciise Muuse== ***** Aadan Ciise ***** Suhayb Ibraahim ****** Jibriil Aadan ******* Mohamoud Jibril ******* Xasan Jibriil ******* Ibraahim Jibriil ******* Ismaaciil Jibriil ***** Abokor Ciise ******Hasan Abokor *******Balle Hasan *******Muse Hasan ***** Idarys Ciise ****** cabdi waadhor ******* reer daahir ******* reer hayaan ****** Cali waadhor ***** Maxamed Ciise ****** Mukhtaar Maxamed ****** Xasan Maxamed ******* Jibriil Maxamed ******** Cumar Jibriil ******** Abokor Jibriil ******** Yoonis Jibriil ******** Muuse Jibril ********* Cali Muuse ********** Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal) ********** Wacays Cali (Reer Wacays) ********** Abane Ali (Reer Abane) ********** Haduu Cali lahaa (Reer Had) ********** Xildid Cali (Reer Hildid) ******* Cabdiraxmaan Muuse ******* Abdulle Muuse ******** Cabdalle Cabdulle (Cabdalle Qoyan) ******** Xasan Cabdulle ********* Axmed Xasan (Dhogori) ********* Deriyahan Xasan == Tirooyin caan ah oo saameyn ku leh == * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska.]] * weriye-qoraa Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay Al Jazeera English sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh ITV News]] Beeshu waxay soo saartay qaar ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu caansan uguna saameynta badan taariikhda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo hoos ku taxan: * Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Cali Kooshin, oo ah suldaanka guud ee guud ee maanta beelaha Ciise Musse . * [[Cabdilahi Timocade|Cabdillaahi Suldaan Maxamed Timacade]], oo loo yaqaan "Timacade", oo ah gabyaa caan ah xilliyadii ka hor iyo ka dib gumeystihii * Abdulrahim Abby Farah, Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha-Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay 1979–1990 iyo Wakiilka Joogtada ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya u fadhiya Qaramada Midoobay 1965–1972. * Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid, Waa Duqa hada ee [[Hargeysa|Caasimada Hargeysa]], caasimada Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]] . * Cabdishakuur Ciddin Waa Duqa hadda ee magaalo-madaxda [[Berbera]] ee [[Saaxil|Saaxil,]] Gobolka [[Saaxil|Somaliland]] . * [[Cabdulmajid Xuseen|Abdul Majid Hussein]], Dhaqaaleyahan, Wakiilkii hore ee Joogtada ahaa ee Ethiopia u fadhiyey Qaramada Midoobay, 2001-2004. Hogaamiyihii xisbiga Ethiopian Somali Democratic League (ESDL) ee deegaanka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida]] [[Itoobiya]] intii u dhaxeysay 1995-2001. * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid, wuxuu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed,]] wuxuuna ahaa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto guddoomiyaha ururka Oktoobar 1981. * Axmad Girri bin Xusain, lammaanaha midig ee Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ( [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmed Guray]] ) iyo [[Imaam Axmed Guray|jeneraal]] sare oo reer [[Saldanadii Cadal|Adal ah]] oo hogaamiya ciidan fara badan oo ka dhan ah boqortooyadii Abasiiniya . * [[Axmed Cawke|Axmed Xasan Cawke]], Suugaanyahan Soomaaliyeed oo weriye ah oo idaacadda ka hadla. Wuxuu ahaa ruug-caddaa ka tirsanaa BBC World Service, Codka Mareykanka, TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland, [[Horn Cable TV|Telefishanka Horn Cable]], [[Radio Muqdisho]] iyo Universal TV sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa afhayeenkii madaxweynihii hore ee [[Siyaad Barre]] xilligii [[Siyaad Barre|dowladdii]] Milatariga ahayd . <ref name="Ahmed Hasan Awke">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030219/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Axmed Yasiin|Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin]], wuxuu ahaa [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland|Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka Somaliland]] intii u dhexaysay 2002 ilaa 2010. iyo Guddoomiyihii Labaad ee xisbiga UDUB. * Cali Cabdi Faarax, Wasiirkii hore ee Isgaarsiinta iyo Dhaqanka ee [[Jabuuti]] * Ali Feiruz, ayaa ku dabaaldegay fanaaninta [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] ee [[Jabuuti]] iyo [[Soomaaliya]] * Gaarriye (wuxuu dhashay Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac), abwaan caan ah oo curiyay mid ka mid ah gabayada ugu caansan af soomaaliga ee ku saabsan mowduuca dib u heshiisiinta, "Hagarlaawe". * [[Xuseen Bisad|Hussain Bisad]], waa mid ka mid ah ragga adduunka ugu dheer, waa 2.32 m (7&nbsp;ft 7 1⁄2 gudaha). Wuxuu leeyahay taako gacmeedka ugu weyn ee qof nool. * Ibraahim Dheere, Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay bilyaneerkii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed iyo qof [[Soomaalida|Soomaali ah oo]] adduunka ugu taajirsan oo hantidiisa lagu qiyaasay 1.8 bilyan oo Doollarka Mareykanka ah. <ref name="Ibrahim Dheere">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005650/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * Ismaaciil Axmed, milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee WorldRemit oo ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha ugu xawliga badan adduunka, waxaana loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan Britain. <ref name="Ismael Ahmed">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2019-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102170310/https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo ah siyaasi halyeey [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] . Raiiselwasaarihi ugu horeeyey [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|ee Soomaaliya]] : 1960, 1967 - 1969. [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha Somaliland]], 1993–2002. * Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin 'Ogsadey', oo ah maalqabeen ganacsade Soomaaliyeed ah kuna nool dalka Itoobiya, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay MAO Harar Horse, oo ah shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Afrikaan ah ee dhoofisa kafeega isla markaana uruurisay hanti ku dhow $ 3 Billion oo Birta [[Birr (lacag)|Itoobiya ah]] . * Maxamed Cabdullaahi Oomaar, wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda Soomaaliya * Maxamed Xasan C / laahi, oo hore u ahaa Madaxa Shaqaalaha ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida]] ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Somaliland]] * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska. Waxaa sidoo kale loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay orodyahanka adduunka ugu wanaagsan ee maaratoonka. * Cabdi Haybe Laampad Ruug-caddaa Majaajiliiste Soomaaliyeed oo ka mid ah majaajiliistayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee abid ugu wanaagsanaa. * Maxamed Cumar Carte, Raiisul Wasaare kuxigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya. * Muxammad Xawaadle Madar, [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya]] intii u dhaxeysay 3-dii Sebtember 1990-kii illaa 24-kii Janaayo 1991 * [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]], sarkaal hore oo militari ah wuxuu soo qabtay Gaashaanle Sare ee Ciidanka Cirka Soomaaliya iyo tan iyo bishii Diseembar 2017. Madaxweynaha Hada Jira [[Somaliland]] . * Nuux Ismaaciil Taani, oo hadda ah Taliyaha Shaqaalaha ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland * Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay [[Al Jazeera English]] sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh [[Wararka ITV|ITV News]] * [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Umar Arteh Ghalib]], [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Raiisel]] Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, 1991–1993; wuxuu keenay Soomaaliya [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] 1974 xilligii uu ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya, 1969-1977; madaxweynihii hore ee Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay; macalin iyo abwaan * [[Sheekh Madar|Sheekh Madar Axmed Shirwac]], oo lagu tiriyey koritaankii hore ee Hargeysa == Tixraacyo == [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Isaaq]] [[Category:Taariikhda Somaliland]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] r3ziujte2eo2gr57gcr4t1rvwuqxv13 268944 268943 2024-12-01T15:20:56Z 197.231.201.220 268944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Yemen}}|group=Habr Awal <br> هبر أول|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Yemen.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region4={{flagcountry|Yemen}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]],[[Arabic language|Arabic]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])|related-c= [[Habar Yonis]], [[Arap]] , [[Habar Jeclo]] , [[Ciidagale]] and other [[Isaaq]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} The '''Habr Awal''', also contemporarily known as the '''Subeer Awal''', and alternately romanized as the '''Zubeyr Awal''' (Somali: ''Habar Awal'', Arabic: هبر أول, Full Name: ''Zubeyr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad)'' is the most populated clan of the wider Isaaq clan family, and is further divided into eight sub-clans of whom the two largest and most prominent are the Sa'ad Musa and Issa Musa sub-clans. Its members form a part of the Habr Magaadle confederation. The Habr Awal traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, coastal people, merchantsand farmers .The Habr Awal are historically/politically and economically influential in present-day Somaliland, and reside in strategic coastal and fertile lands. == Taariikhda == [[File:Warsame_Yunis.png|right|thumb| Warsame Yunis oo ka tirsan Sacad Musa Haber Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte, 1890]] Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmeed wuxuu ka mid ahaa aqoonyahanadii Carbeed ee ka soo talaabay badda Carabiya ee Carabta una so gudbay Geeska Afrika si ay u faafiyaan diinta Islaamka qiyaastii qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Waxaa la sheegay inuu ku abtirsaday [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|Nabi Maxamed]] gabadhiisii [[Fatima bint Muxamed|Fatimah]] . Sidaa awgeed Sheekha wuxuu ka tirsanaa [[Asharaaf|Ashraf]] ama Sada, ciwaano la siiyay faracii nebiga. Wuxuu guursaday laba dumar ah oo maxalli ah oo ka tagay [[Somaliland]] oo ay ka tageen siddeed wiil, oo mid ka mid ah ay tahay Cabdiraxmaan (Awal) Faraca sideedaas wiil waa waxa maanta loo yaqaan qabiilka Isaaq. Qabriga Zubeyr Awal, oo ah magaca awoowga ah ee beelweynta Haber Awal ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], wuxuu ku yaal Jiidali ee gobolka [[Sanaag]] oo qiyaastii ah 100&nbsp;Km dhanka bari ka xigta qabrigii awoowgiis Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed oo ahaa aabihii aasaasay qabiilka [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], oo qabrigiisu ku yaal magaalo xeebeedka [[Maydh]] . === Muddadii Dhexe (Guul-u-helidda Abbysinia) === Taariikh Awal jeeday waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah [[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]] iyo lagu xusay caanka "Futuh Al-Habash" kaalintii ay waaweyn ee dagaalka boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia-Adal sida Magaadle jeeday ee ay la socdaan [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Garhajis]], Arap iyo qabaa'ilka Ayub ka dhanka ah boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia, Waxay Soo Magan galeen shaqsi taariikhi ah oo loo yaqaan Axmad Gurey kaas oo ahaa gacan-wadaha saxda ah ee [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] isla markaana ahaa amiir ka dhashay Beesha Samaroon Jufadda Maxad case lafta Cismaan Muuse Maxamed Case (Abrayn ) Ahaana Amiirkii ciidammada Boqortooyadii Adal xilligii dagaalkii Abyssinian-Adal. === Xilligii gumaysiga ka hor === [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]] iyo xulafadii Habr Awal]] Haber Awal waxay leedahay taariikh ganacsi oo hodan ah inta badana waxaa ugu wacan lahaanshaha dekedda weyn ee soomaalida ee [[berbera]], taas oo ahayd dekedda ugu weyn iyo degitaanka qabiilka Haber Awal xilligii hore ee casriga. Qabiilku wuxuu xiriir adag [[Harar|lalahaa imaarada Harar]] waxayna imaaradu ku hayeen ganacsatada Haber Awal maxkamadahooda si xushmad iyo qadarin leh [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] isagoo xusaya saameynta ay ku leeyihiin maxkamada Amiir [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmed III bin Abu Bakr]] iyo wadahadal lala yeesho [[Vizier]] Mohammed. <blockquote>Haber Awal gebi ahaanba waa dad hodan ah, inta badanna waxay ku mahadsan tahay ganacsiga ka soo gudbaya dekedda Berbera ee ku taal dhulka Ciise Muuse. </blockquote><blockquote>Sidan oo kale qabiilooyinka ku hareeraysan marinka waddanka ee ay maraan gawaarida waaweyn ama jidadka ganacsiga ayaa soo urursaday hanti badan, halka kuwa Ayal Axmed oo kale ah, ay nasiib u yeesheen inay yeeshan deked ay doorbiday Dabeecadda sida Berbera, si daabiici ah ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay noqotay taaji . <ref>British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36</ref></blockquote> [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Wadooyinka ganacsiga ee aada magaalada Berbera iyagoo wata 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Axmed Nuux) oo ku yaal gudaha iyo hareeraha magaalada Berbera iyo qalcadda bari ee Siyara oo muuqata]] Ganacsatada Habr Awal waxay xiriir ganacsi oo aad u ballaadhan la lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Hindi ah oo ka kala yimid [[Dhulbaxsinta Carabta|Carabiya]] iyo waddamada [[Hindiya]] sida ay u kala horreeyaan. Markay ganacsatadan ajanabiga ahi yimaaddeen [[Berbera]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]] si ay ganacsi u fuliyaan, waxaa jiray is afgarad wax ku ool ah oo salka ku haya nidaamka abbaanka (ilaalinta) ee u dhexeeya iyaga iyo dadka deegaanka ah ee Reer Yuunis Nuux (Ayyal Yuunis) iyo Axmed Nuux (Ayyal Axmed) oo ku abtirsada Sacad Musa, Haber Awal:<blockquote>Tan ka hor, iyo ka hor degitaankii Ingriiska ee Cadan 1839, Ayyal Yuunis iyo Ayyal Ahmed abtirsiinyadooda Habr Awal waxay qabteen Berbera waxayna si wada jir ah u maareeyeen ganacsigooda, iyagoo la wadaagaya macaashka dhammaan macaamil ganacsi sida 'ilaaliyeyaal' (abans) ganacsato ajaanib ah oo ka kala yimid [[Carabiya]] iyo [[Hindiya]]. Markii lagu gudajiray dhiirrigelinta horumarka Cadan, barwaaqada dekedda ayaa si muuqata kor ugu kacday, Ayyal Yuunis oo tirad ahaan tiradooda ahayd ayaa eryay ehelladooda la tartamay oo ku dhawaaqay inay yihiin milkiileyaal ganacsi ee Berbera. Tani waxay horseeday isqabqabsi dhinac walba uu ka raadsado caawimaad dibadeed; Ayyal Axmed ee laga adkaaday wuxuu u jeestay Xaaji Shirmarke 'Cali iyo qabiilkiisa Haber Yuunis si ay u taageeraan. Taakulayntaan, waxay markaa awood u yeesheen inay dib isu taagaan oo ay cayriyaan Ayyal Yuunis oo u dhaqaaqay wadada yar ee waddada [[Bulaxaar]], oo dhawr mayl u jirta galbeedka Berbera. </blockquote> [[File:Berbera,_1884.png|thumb|300x300px| Sawirka Berbera, 1884]] Kaliya maahan in Haber Awal ganacsato ajaanib ah ay ku soo dhoweeyaan dekedahooda, waxay sidoo kale howlgalo ganacsi ka sameyeen maraakiibtooda ilaa dekadaha Carabta. Badi ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ee tagi jirtay Cadan iyo dekedaha kale ee Koonfurta Carabtu waxay kasoo jeedaan qabiilka Habr Awal. Waxay Harar iyo gudaha ka soo iibsadeen badeecooyin kala duwan oo cayriin ah iyagoo ku beddelaya badeecado la soo saaray. Intii ay joogeen, Habr Awal waxay kireysteen guryo iyaga u gaar ah waxayna shaqaalaysiiyeen addoommadoodii, halka qabaa'illada kale ee Soomaaliyeed ay u janjeeraan inay la joogaan eheladoodii hore looga sii aasaasay guud ahaan Gacanka.<blockquote>Ganacsato. - Kuwani guud ahaan waxay ka tirsan yihiin qabiilka Haber Awal. Waxay ka keenaan Harrar iyo dalkii Galla, kafee, saffron (baastar), faan-maroodi (faan-maroodi), iyo baalal, iyagoo ka qaadaya zinc, naxaas, maro ballaadhan, iyo badeecado googoos ah. Waxay sii joogaan Cadan muddo ku dhow labaatan maalmood markiiba inta lagu jiro xilliga ganacsiga, oo soconaya illaa sagaal bilood, 'iyagoo afar safar gaaraya. Inta ay degan yihiin waxay kiraystaan guri, waxaana la socda qoysaskooda. </blockquote> [[File:Street_in_Bulhar.png|thumb|300x300px| Wadada [[Bulaxaar]]]] Gudaha, Haber Awal gawaarida ganacsiga (khafilada) waxay ahaayeen muuqaal soo noqnoqda marka loo eego koontooyinka casriga ee reer Yurub ee Jasiiradda Soomaaliya:<blockquote>Markii aan ka soo ambabaxnay magaalada Hargeysa waxaan soo safarnay maylal badan oo aan soo marnay dhul qurux u eg oo baarkinka ah, oo nool oo shimbiro leh iyo haad hawd ah. Waxaan la kulanay khafilaadaha caadiga ah ee Soomaalida [gawaarida gawaadhida ka ganacsada] ee ragga Habr-Awal, iyagoo sita maqaarkooda, xanjo, subag, iyo qaxwaha dekeddeenna Bulhar, oo ku taal inta u dhexeysa Berbera iyo Saylac. <ref>'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901</ref></blockquote>Soomaalida ka soo jeeda gudaha qoto dheer, gaar ahaan kuwa ka soo jeeda [[Ogaadeen (beel)|Ogaadeenya]], sidoo kale waxay hantidooda inteeda badan ka heleen ganacsatada Habr Awal oo ay ugu yeedheen "iidoor", oo ah masayr xamaasad leh oo macnaheedu yahay baayacmushtar ama ganacsade, tixraacna u ah dabeecada baayacmushtariga Habr Awal. waqtigaas. <ref name="Info">Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115</ref> Xeebta Habr Awal (inta badan Reer Axmed Nuux) waxay si joogto ah ugu shaqeysay sidii dillaaliin / dhex dhexaadinta beelaha Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha ee doonaya inay alaabtooda u qaadaan dekedaha Berbera iyo Bulhar:<blockquote>Caadada ayaa ah Ayal Achmet (qabiilka Berbera) inuu u dhaqmo sidii dillaaliin, badiyaaana inta badan faa iidooyinka waxay ku dhagan yihiin gacmaha ninka dhexe. Ilaa iyo beryahan dambe Ogadayn waligeed ma aadin xeebta, laakiin waxay badeecada ku aamintay ganacsatada xeebaha. </blockquote> ==== Xannibaadda Berbera ==== Markii Markab Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray ''Mary Anne uu'' isku dayey inuu ku xidho dekedda Berbera 1825 waa la weeraray oo xubno badan oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah ayaa xasuuqay Habr Awal. Jawaab ahaan Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada waxay hirgeliyeen xannibaadda iyo xisaabaadka qaarkood waxay ka sheekeeyaan duqeyn magaalada ka dhacday. Qasimiyiintu waxay aad ugu firfircoonaayeen xag militari ahaan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba [[Gacanka Maakhir|gacanka Cadmeed]] waxaana la siiyay inay dhacaan oo ay weeraraan maraakiibta ilaa galbeedka Mocha ee [[Baddacas|Badda Cas]] . Waxay xiriiryo badan oo ganacsi la lahaayeen [[Soomaalida]], iyagoo hogaaminayey maraakiibta Ras Al Khaimah iyo [[Gacanka Faarsiga|Gacanka Beershiya]] inay si joogto ah uga qayb galaan carwooyinka ganacsiga ee [[Berbera]] iyo [[Saylac]] . Marka la fiiriyo sumcadda reer Qaasim ee burcad-badeednimada caanka ah, [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] Suldaan Faarax iyo Xaaji Cali waxay qalinka u qoreen Suldaan bin Saqr Al Qasimi oo ay ku wargelinayaan xaaladda waxayna ka codsadeen inuu kala qayb galo dagaalka ay kula jiraan Ingiriiska. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Suldaanku wuu awoodi waayey inuu ka jawaabo ama gacan ka geysto yareynta xannibaadda maadaama ololihii Gacanka Beershiiya ee 1819 uu awood u waayey ciidankiisii. 1827 laba sano ka dib Ingriisku wuxuu kordhiyay yabooh si loo yareeyo xayiraada oo hakad galisay ganacsigii faa iidada badnaa ee Berbera iyada oo lagu badalayo heshiis ganacsi iyo 15,000 oo lacagta Isbaanishka ah oo ay bixinayaan hogaamiyeyaasha Habr Awal burburinta markabka iyo nolosha. === Xilligii Maxmiyadda Ingiriiska === Beesha Haber Awal waxay hoos tagtay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] iyagoo saxiixay heshiis [[Ingiriiska|maxmiyadeed Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska]] markay ahayd 14 July 1884. Habr Awal wuxuu sii waday inuu heshiis ganacsi oo faa'iido leh la yeesho xiriirada shisheeye, inbadan oo kamid ah sidoo kale waxay kujireen xukunkii ingiriiska dalalkooda. Ingriisku wuxuu aasaasay caasimada [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda British Somaliland]] ee [[Berbera]], laakiin markii dambe wuxuu caasimada u raray [[Hargeysa]] 1941 === Garaadka iyo Salaadiinta Beesha Habr Awal === Habr Awal waxay leeyihiin dhaqan soo jireen ah oo hogaamineed waxaana hogaamiya Suldaan ka tirsan garabka Axmed Cabdalla - beel aad u tiro badan oo Sacad Muusa ah oo inta badan degan dalka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Itoobiya]] . Taariikh ahaan waxay doorbidaan inay adeegsadaan ereyga asalka ah ee ''Garaadka'' sida Warsangeli, labada qabiilba waxay tan iyo markaas bedeleen magaca cinwaanka oo loo bixiyay ''Suldaan'' in kastoo ''doorku'' isku mid yahay. Jeeday Awal Garaads urura lahaa nin ee xiliyada dagaalka iyo xallinayo murannada ka ballaaran leh beelaha kale buuxinta kaalinta sidii nabad kama dambaysta ah ''(nabadoon).'' Garaad Biniin kii ugu horreeyay waxaa loo caleemo saaray waqti la mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Habr Yunis]] Suldaan Diriiye Caynaasha, iyadoo labadan beelood ee waaweyn ay ka jabeen tababbarkii [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Ciidagale]] oo ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ballaadhan ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] . Geeridiisa ka dib, Habr Awal ma uusan caleemo saarin Garaad cusub dhowr sano maadaama dadka dhaxalka u ah Biniin ay aad u yaraayeen, iyadoo Garaad Cabdalla la caleemo saaray markii uu qaangaaray. Dagaal ka dhaca xadka koonfureed ee dhulka Habr Awal si looga ilaaliyo qabiilka cadawgiisa iyo la dagaalanka weerarada. Hal dhacdo wuxuu si dirqi ah uga badbaaday weerar kadis ah oo [[Daarood|Jidwaaq]] ah iyadoo Axmed Cabdalla uu si dhaqso leh [[Daarood|isugu soo uruuriyay]] kuna qasbay duullaanka inay cararaan {| class="wikitable" ! ! Magaca ! Xukunka Ka soo ! Xukunka Ilaa |- | 1 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Biniin''' ( '''Garaadkii''' ''ugu horeeyey'' ) | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |2 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Cabdalla''' ''Garaad'' Biniin | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |3 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Askar''' ''Garaad'' Abdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |4 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Diiriiye''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 5 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Abdulrahman''' ''Garaad'' Diriiye ''(Suldaanka la qaatay)'' | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 6 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdillaahi''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdulraxman | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 7 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdirisaaq''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 8 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Xasan''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |} [[File:Garaad_Askar.png|thumb| Mustaqbalka ''Garaad'' Askar waxaa la sawiray sanadkii 1895]] Garaad Abdalla wuxuu shaqeynayey dhowr iyo toban sano, waxaana ku qaabilay saraakiil socdaal Ingriis ah oo ku dhoweyd xadka koonfureed ee [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda]] sanadkii 1894-tii oo ku saabsan ballaarinta Jeneraal Ras Makonen oo wakiil ka ahaa Menelik II . Garaad Cabdalla oo ay weheliyaan hogaamiyeyaal kale oo badan oo ka tirsan British Somaliland sida Sultan Deria Hassan iyo Sheikh Madar waxay ka walwalsanaayeen duulaanka ba'an ee ciidamada Xabashidu ku bartilmaameedsadeen magaalada sii kordheysa ee [[Hargeysa]] iyo nawaaxigeeda. Garaadka waxaa la soo xiriiray Makonen labo sano un kadib isagoo ka codsaday isaga iyo Habr Awal inay ku biiraan Boqortooyada Itoobiya laakiin waa laga diiday. Garaad Cabdalla waxaa u yimid Suldaanka [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Beesha Habr Yunis]] markii ay abaaro soo food saareen, Habr Yunis wuxuu codsaday in la helo ceelasha Habr Awal si ay u waraabiyaan. Cabdala wuu ogolaaday codsigii laakiin qaar ka mid ah beeshiisa ayaa u haystay inuu yahay mid deeqsi badan isla markaana caawiya Habr Yunis iyadoo la tixgalinayo ladnaanta kaydkooda. Dadkaas waxaa ugu weynaa Askartiisa oo 15 jir ah. Markii qaar ka mid ah xisbiga Habr Yunis ay biyo yimaadeen, Askar ayaa soo dhex galay ceelka dhexdiisa raggiina waxay u diideen inay galaan. Waxaa lagu canaantay nacasnimadiisa waxaana loo sheegay inuu gees u leexdo oo uu adeeco rabitaanka aabihiis. Askar xanaaqsan ayaa toorey la dhacay ninka canaantay dagaalna wuxuu ku sigtay inuu ka bilowdo falkan. Baardheer Habr Awal oo caaqil ah kana yimid [[Bulaxaar|Bulhar oo]] lagu magacaabo Aami ayaa istaagay oo gabay ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|tiriyay]]'' : ''Erayada aad u tiro badan ayaa durba laga hadlay Yuunis ereyadiisa nacasnimada ah'' : ''Laakiin xukunka xaqa ahu wuxuu kuugu daahirsanaan doonaa sidii caadadii hore, oo nabad iyo sida buur oo kale u keenaysa'' : ''Dad aad kuugu dhow ayaa ku dhuunta dadka, cadaawayaashaada, laga soo bilaabo waqtiyadii hore ee xuska colaada'' : ''Haddii waqtigu yimaado markii aad ku indho beeshay khilaafku, ma ixtiraami lahayd'' : ''Si hagar la’aan ah, si kedis ah ayey kugu soo dul degeen'' : ''Dhamaan qabiilooyinka cadawga ah waxay maqleen warkaaga muranka ah'' : ''Sida gorgorrada oo kale, dhammaantood hunguriga ayey ka eegaan hilibkaaga!'' [[File:Habr_Awal_Warriors.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Dagaalyahanada beesha Habr Awal]] Dhinacyadiina waxaa taabtay hadalladiisii waxayna dhex-dhexaadiyeen khilaafkoodii. Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu gacantiisa siiyay mid ka mid ah gabdhihiisa gabyaaga si loogu abaalmariyo dadaalkiisa. Geeridii Cabdalla ka dib, wiilkiisii ugu weynaa ee Askar ayaa ka dambeeyay isaga oo noqday Garaad. Askar wuxuu ahaa nin fardooley ah oo xirfad leh wuxuuna la dagaalamay qaybaha koonfureed ee qabiilka kana soo horjeeday Dervishkii bilaabay duulaanka Habr Awal iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee gobolka. Sheekh Madar wuxuu isu keenay qaybaha waqooyi ee Habr Awal kuwaas oo ka duwan Ahmed Abdalla iyo in yar oo kale, oo inta badan deganaa xuduudaha [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] . Geeridii Askaar kadib walaalkii ka yaraa ee Diriiye wuxuu qaatay garaadka Garaadka oo wuxuu kaga duwanaa walaalkiis iyo aabihiis inuu aad diirada u saaro tabashooyinka bulshada Habr Awal maadaama mudo nabada ay dhowdahay kadib guuldaradii Dervishes, hoos u dhigida baahida dagaalka. . Diriiye waxaa la soo dersay loolan is barbar socda oo kaalintiisa ah sida Garaad iyo Habr Awal oo gadaashiisa isugu soo ururay oo iska caabiyey ninka iska dhigaya. Markii ugu dambaysay dhimashadii Diriiye, wiilkiisa Cabdulraxman ayaa la caleemo saaray oo wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Habr Awal ee isu muujiya sida 'Suldaan' halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Garaadka. Abdulrahman wuxuu aad ula mid ahaa aabihiis hase yeeshe wuxuu aad ugu firfircoonaa arrimaha maxmiyada. Markii Ciidagale isku dayay inuu weeraro Ciise Muusa, wiil uu dhalay Habr Yunis Sultan ayaa ku soo biiray duulaanka markii la eryanayay ragii duulaanka ahaa waa la dilay. Suldaanka Beesha Habr Yunis wuxuu u yimid C / Raxmaan si uu u xaliyo khilaafka wuxuuna rabey inuu ku qasbo Issa Musa inuu bixiyo ''magta'' wiilka Suldaanka. Sida ku cad ''[[Xeer|xeer-]]'' dhaqameedka Soomaalida soo celinta lama bixiyo markii mid la dilo isdifaacid. Sidaa darteed Ciise Muusa wuu diiday oo gaashaan buufintooda ku sameeyay isagoo diidaya xukunka Abdulrahman. Cismaan Haariyey oo hayb aahan kasoo jeedey ciise muuse ‘ abokor ciise ayaa abwaanku istaagey oo tiriyey ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|geeraarka]]'' soo socda oo ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|uu ku cadeynayo]]'' ixtiraamkiisa laakiin uusan ku raacsaneyn Suldaan Abdulrahman. Intaa ka dib Ciise Muusa wuu bixi lahaa oo wuxuu sii ambaqaadi doonaa inuu caleemo saaro Suldaankoodii ugu horeeyay, Suldaan Kooshin sanadkii 1949 isagoo xusayay madaxbanaanidooda walaalahooda weyn ee Sacad Musa. {{Verse translation|Ninka Qaaliya joogee Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo Ninka geeri qodaayiyo Ka qasaalaya geela Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo Wax ma qaybsan karaan? Suldaanow kuma caayin Ku canaannana maayo Ceebna kuu gudi maayo Calafna kaa sugi maayo Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo Cadradii gabadhiinna Marnaba kaa celin maayo Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon Caleentii boqor saarray baa Cuurkii Muuse Subeer Aakhiro u celinaaya|The man who stands in wealth Who harvests the millet The man who’s digging for death And the ones looking after the camels Oh Suldaan think about it Can they agree? Oh Suldaan I have not insulted you And I am not reprimanding you I am not compensating you for shame I expect no wealth from you The respect we give you The beautiful young women We will never take back from you Men who were like you Who we put leaves on as king Are keeping back The Muuse Subeer people|lang=so-Latn|attr1=Cismaan Haayirey ''Suldaanow Kuma Caayin''<ref>''War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86''</ref>}} Sannadkii 1955-kii, Sultan Abdulrahman Deria wuxuu xubin ka ahaa 4 wafdi oo isugu jiray siyaasiyiin iyo salaadiin u tagay [[London]], [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] . Hadafkoodu wuxuu ahaa inay codsadaan oo ay cadaadis ku saaraan Dowladda Ingiriiska soo celinta dhulkii lumay ee loo yaqaanay 'Haud Reserve Area' oo la siiyay Boqortooyada Itoobiya intii lagu jiray heshiiskii Anglo Ethiopian ee 1954. [[File:Isaaq_Sultans_Abdillahi_Deria_and_Abdulrahman_Deria.png|thumb|350x350px| Salaadiinta Abdulrahman Deria iyo Cabdillaahi Deria oo ku sugnaa London, 1955]] ''Siyaasadaha Imperial iyo Nationalism ee Gobonimada Somaliland, 1954-1960'', Taariikhyahan Jaamac Maxamed ayaa qoray:<blockquote>NUF waxay u ololeysay soo celinta dhulalka Somaliland iyo dibeddaba. Tusaale ahaan, bishii Maarso 1955, wafdi ka kooban Michael Mariano, Abokor Xaaji Faarax iyo Cabdi Daahir ayaa aaday magaalada Muqdisho si ay ugu guuleystaan taageerada iyo wada shaqeynta kooxaha wadaniyiinta ah ee Soomaaliya. Iyo bishii Febraayo iyo May 1955 wefdi kale oo ka kooban laba Suldaan oo dhaqameed ah ( Suldaan Cabdillaahi Suldaan Deria, iyo Suldaan Abdulraxman Suldaan Deria), iyo laba siyaasi oo qunyar socod ah oo wax ku soo bartay Galbeedka (Michael Mariano, Cabdiraxmaan Cali Maxamed Dubeh) ayaa booqday London iyo New York. Intii ay ku guda jireen socdaalkooda London, waxay si rasmi ah ula kulmeen oo ay kala hadleen arinta Xoghayaha Arimaha Gumeysiga ee Alan Lennox-Boyd. Waxay u sheegeen Lennox-Boyd heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya ee 1885-kii. Heshiisyada dhexdooda, Michael Mariano wuxuu sheegay, Dowladda Ingiriiska 'ma aysan qaadin waligeed inay dhiibto, iibiso, amaahda ama haddii kale wax ku siiso shaqo, marka laga reebo Dowladda Ingiriiska, qayb kasta oo ka mid ah dhulka ay iyagu deggan yihiin ama ay iyagu gacanta ku hayaan'. Laakiin hadda dadka Soomaaliyeed 'waxay maqleen in dhulkooda la siinayo Itoobiya iyada oo loo marayo heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia ee 1897'. Si kastaba ha noqotee, heshiiskaas wuxuu 'khilaaf ka taagnaa' heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya 'kaasoo mudnaanta laga siiyay' 1897-kii heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia [. ] Dawladda Ingiriisku 'way ka xoog badatay awoodeeda markay dhammeysay heshiiskii 1897 iyo ... heshiiska 1897 kuma xirna qabiilooyinka.' Suldaan Cabdillaahi waxa kale oo uu intaas ku daray in heshiiskii 1954 uu ahaa 'naxdin weyn oo ku dhacday dadka Soomaaliyeed' maadaama aan loo sheegin wadahadallada, iyo tan iyo markii ay dawladda Ingiriisku maamushay aagga ilaa 1941. Ergooyinku waxay codsadeen, sida uu yiri Suldaan Abdulrahman, dib u dhigista dhaqangelinta heshiiska si 'loo siiyo wafdiga waqti ay dacwaddooda ugu gudbiyaan' baarlamaanka iyo hay'adaha caalamiga ah. </blockquote> === Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed === Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Soomaaliyeed ee]] (SNM) wuxuu ahaa koox fallaago ah 1980- 1990kii. SNM markay ahayd 1981 aasaaskeedii [[London]] waxay u doorteen Axmed Maxamed Gulaid oo ka soo jeeda qabiilka Habr Awal inuu noqdo gudoomiyahoodii ugu horeeyey, kaasoo sheegay in ujeedada cad ee kooxdu ahayd inay afgembiyaan [[Siyaad Barre|taliskii]] militariga ee [[Siyaad Barre]] . <ref name="Metz">Helen Chapin Metz, ''Somalia: a country study'', Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.</ref> SNM waxay ka soo ururisay saldhigii ugu weynaa ee ay ka taageertay xubnaha beesha Isaaq, kuwaas oo aasaasay isla markaana taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa iyagoo ka jawaabaya sanado faquuqa nidaamsan ee ay ku timid dawladii Siyaad Barre. Xubnaha Beesha Habr Awal waxay ka koobnaayeen qayb lixaad leh hogaamiyayaashii iyo askartii SNM. Taliyayaasha Habr Awal waxay fuliyeen howlgalo badan oo guuleystey oo horseeday guushii ugu weyneyd ee kooxda iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre. Galbeedka Somaliland, kooxdani waxay si mug leh uga dhex muuqatay qaybta 99 ee [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed]] oo lagu aasaasay magaalada [[Gabiley|Gabilay]] iyadoo inta badan qeybaha kala duwan ee ciidamada ay ka kooban yihiin maleeshiyooyin ka soo jeeda deegaanka Jibriil Abokor oo ka tirsan beesha Sacad Muuse. Habr Awal oo xukuma gobolka [[gabiley]] . Qaybta 99-aad waxaa taliye u ahaa Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) oo ka tirsan Jibriil Abokor oo si guul leh u qabsaday gobolka [[Awdal]] isla markaana gabi ahaanba tirtiray joogitaankii [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|ciidamadii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] ee ku sugnaa gudaha [[Gabiley]] iyo [[Awdal]] kuna qasbay dadka deegaanka [[Gadabuursi|Gadabuursi ee]] degen gobolka [[Awdal]] inay u ballanqaadaan daacadnimo [[Somaliland]] . Isaga oo ahaa taliyihii qaybta 99, General Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Jidhif) waxa kale oo uu Saldhig Milatari ka sameeyey [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Somaliyeed]] magaalada [[Saylac]] halkaas oo ay [[SNM]] qabsatay gobolka Awdal muddo 4 sano ah isla markaana ay si guul leh uga adkaadeen isku daygii maleeshiyooyinkii USF ee daacadda u ahaa [[Jabuuti]] oo isku dayey inay ka faa'iideystaan. ee dhicitaankii Dowladii Milatariga ee Siyaad Bare 1991 kuna darsatay magaalada [[Saylac]] . Badhtamaha Somaliland, [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] iyo qaybtiisa Xuseen Abokor ee ka tirsan Sacad Muuse oo ka mid ah beelweynta Habr Awal waxay si guul leh uga xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee naxariis darada ahaa waxayna door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen SNM halka ay ka xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Faraweyne]] . Isla mar ahaantaana, Qaybta Ciise Muuse ee uu hoggaamiyo Korneyl Ibraahim Dhagaweyne waxay xoreeyeen dekedda istiraatiijiga ah ee [[Berbera]] iyo magaalada taariikhiga ah ee Sheekh . Kadib aasaaskii [[Somaliland]] 1991. Ganacsatada Habr Awal ayaa maalgeliyey lacagtii ugu badnayd halkaas oo ay ugu deeqeen malaayiin doollar si ay uga helaan halgamayaashii SNM raashin, agab iyo qalab darajooyin milatari ah. Magaalooyinka ganacsiga ee Habr Awal sida [[Berbera]] iyo [[Wajaale]] waa halka laga helo hubka ugu badan ee laga soo waariday iyada oo maalqabeenada Habr Awal ee ganacsatada ah ay ciidamadii SNM u suurto gashay inay helaan hub ku filan. Beesha Habr Awal waxay door laxaad leh la qaadatay SNM waxayna ka mid ahaayeen aasaasayaashii la qadarin jiray. Waxay sidoo kale dhisay [[Somaliland]] hay'adaha siyaasadeed 's dhulka hoostiisa xeerka aaya madaxweynaha 2aad Somaliland ee [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Cigaal]] . Muddadii 9-ka sano ahayd ee uu [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha ka ahaa Somaliland]], Cigaal wuxuu ku guuleystey inuu hub ka dhigis ku sameeyo kooxaha kacdoonka maxalliga ah, dejiyey dhaqaalaha gobolka waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland, iyo inuu xiriir ganacsi oo aan rasmi ahayn la yeesho dalalka shisheeye. Waxa kale oo uu soo bandhigay [[Shillin Somaliland|shilinka Somaliland]], baasaboor iyo [[Calanka Somaliland|calan]] cusub oo dib loo [[Calanka Somaliland|naqshadeeyay]] . Intaa waxaa dheer, Cigaal abuuray [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Hubaysan Somaliland Ciidamada]], ugu waxtarka badan [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ciidamada qalabka sida tan lakal oo ka mid ah [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|Ciidamada Qaranka Soomaaliya]] ee 1991 List of caan jeeday Awal SNM Taliyeyaasha ( Mujahids ). * Kornayl Cabdilaahi Askar Barkhad * Cabdikariim Xaashi Cilmi * Adan Dhamah * Aadan Shiine * Axmed Jaamac Sabban (Janan Oogo) * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid * Axmed Dhagax * Axmed Ibraahim (Raage Bidaar) * Axmed Golhaye * Ahmed Mohamed Hasan (Ahmed Japan) * Cali Gurey * General Cali Xuseen Cabdi * korneyl maxamud wadaad * Korneyl Xasan Yoonis Habane * Gen haybe Axmed Guure (Haybe Laambad) * Xaamud Ibraahim yaasin’sabanle’ * Professor Ibrahim Meygaag Samatar * Ibraahim Dhagaxweyne * Sheekh Ibraahim Madar * Maxamed Cilmi Samatar Galan * Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) * Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi * Maxamed Xasan (Gacmo Dheere) * Kornayl Cumar tooray * Mahdi Cali Faarax * Kornayl [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] * Sheekh Yuusuf Cali Sheekh Madar * Yaxye Xaaji Ibraahim * korneyl cawil haad qadiye * Korneyl maxamed uraaga ‘ride’ * korneyl Talaata codle * cabdilaahi cuddo * muj Garwaaf * muj jaamac dhidaro * muj jaale diid * muj ciise curaagte == Geed Qabiil iyo Nasab == Beesha Isaaq-reeraha, qabaa'ilka ka kooban qaybaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo minka ah, sida ku cad abtirsiinta. Qeybta koowaad waxay u dhaxeysaa faracyadan ay ka dhasheen wiilasha Sheekh Isxaaq haweeney reer Harari ah - oo ah Habr Xabuusheed - iyo kuwa ku abtirsada wiilasha reer Sheekh Isxaaq oo ay dhashay haweeney [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ah oo ka soo jeeda Beesha Magaadle ee [[Dir]] - Habr Magaadle. Xaqiiqdii, inta badan qabiilooyinka ugu waaweyn ee reeraha-qoysku waa dhab ahaan isbahaysiyo ilmo-galeenka sidaa darteedna magaca "Habr" oo macno ahaan u leh [[Af Soomaali|Soomaaliga]] qadiimiga ah "hooyo". Tan waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka soo socda ee qabiilka. <ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> Falanqaynta DNA-da ee xubnaha Habr Awal ee degan Jabuuti waxay ogaadeen in dhamaan shakhsiyaadka ay ka tirsanyihiin bayaan-hoosaadka EV32 ee Y-DNA E1b1b aabbaha haplogroup. Geed qoys oo kooban oo ka mid ah qabiilooyinka waaweyn ee Habr Awal ayaa lagu soo bandhigay halkan hoose. <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2021-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307053718/https://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Habr_Awal_woman.png|right|thumb|298x298px| Naagtii Habr Awal ee reer Berbera, 1884]] * Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed Al Haashimi (Sheekh Isxaaq) ** ''Habr Jeclo'' *** Axmed (Tol-Ja'lo) *** Muuse (Habr Jeclo) *** Ibrahiim (Sanbuur) *** Muxammad ('Ibraan) ** ''Habr Magaadle'' *** Ismaaciil (Garxajis) *** Ayuub *** Muxammad (Arap) *** '''Cabdiraxmaan''' ( '''Subeer awal''' ) ==Sacad Muuse== *'''[Sacad Muse]''' sa'ad muse had 4 sons. abdiraxman, xasan, cabdalla and isxaaq *****Abdirahman Sa'ad *****Abdalla Sa'ad *****Hassan Sa'ad ******Abdalla Hassan *****Isaaq Sa'ad ******Makahil *******Nuh Makahil *******Abokor Makahil *******Cumar Makahil *******Mohammed Makahil *******Hassan Makahil ********Ali Hassan ********Jibril Hassan ********Rooble Hassan ********Osman Hassan *******Mohammed Isaaq (Abbas) *******Isse Isaaq (Ciise Carab) *******Musa (Ase) Isaaq *******Yeesif Isaaq *******Abokor Isaaq ********Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan) ********Abdalla Abokor ********Hussein Abokor *********Osman Hussein (Cismaannada) *********Jibril Hussein **********Ismail Jibril ***********Nuh Ismail ************Yunis Nuh (Reer Yunis Nuh) *************Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon) *************Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh) *************Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid) *************Mohammed Yonis ************Ahmed Nuh (Reer Ahmed Nuh) ***********Said Ismail ************Abdalla Said *************Samatar Abdalla (Reer Samatar) *************Abane Abdalla (Reer Abane) *************Ahmed Abdalla (Reer Ahmed Abdalla) ***********Abdalla Ismail ***********Ali Ismail ***********Idris Ismail (Bah Gobo) ***********Muhumed Ismail (Waran'ad) ***********Yonis Ismail (Bah Gobo) ***********Yusuf Ismail ********Jibril Abokor *********Adan Jibril (Bahaabar Adan) *********Ali Jibril **********Omar Ali ***********Abeeb Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Abtidon Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Adan Omar ***********Hussein Qawa Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Sahal Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Yonis Omar (Dugeh) ***********Ismail Omar ************Barre Ismail *************Hareed Barre (Reer Hareed) ************Dalal Ismail (Reer Dalal) ************Geedi Ismail 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Omar) ************Hoosh Ismail (Baha Omar) ************Higgis Ismail ************Idris Ismail ************Ollow Ismail ************Samatar Ismail ************Qayaad Ismail (Baha Omar) *********Hassan Jibril *********Mohamed Jibril (Deriyahan) *********Yonis Jibril (Reer Yonis) **********Muuse Yonis ***********Cabdi Muse Yonis **********Caraale yonis **********Caynaashe Yonis **********Urkurag Yonis ***********Adan Urkurag ************Omar Adan ************Ali Adan ************Ahmed Adan == Ciise Muuse== ***** Aadan Ciise ****** Jibriil Aadan ******* Mohamoud Jibril ******* Xasan Jibriil ******* Ibraahim Jibriil ******* Ismaaciil Jibriil ***** Abokor Ciise ******Hasan Abokor *******Balle Hasan *******Muse Hasan ***** Idarys Ciise ****** cabdi waadhor ******* reer daahir ******* reer hayaan ****** Cali waadhor ***** Maxamed Ciise ****** Mukhtaar Maxamed ****** Xasan Maxamed ******* Jibriil Maxamed ******** Cumar Jibriil ******** Abokor Jibriil ******** Yoonis Jibriil ******** Muuse Jibril ********* Cali Muuse ********** Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal) ********** Wacays Cali (Reer Wacays) ********** Abane Ali (Reer Abane) ********** Haduu Cali lahaa (Reer Had) ********** Xildid Cali (Reer Hildid) ******* Cabdiraxmaan Muuse ******* Abdulle Muuse ******** Cabdalle Cabdulle (Cabdalle Qoyan) ******** Xasan Cabdulle ********* Axmed Xasan (Dhogori) ********* Deriyahan Xasan == Tirooyin caan ah oo saameyn ku leh == * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska.]] * weriye-qoraa Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay Al Jazeera English sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh ITV News]] Beeshu waxay soo saartay qaar ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu caansan uguna saameynta badan taariikhda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo hoos ku taxan: * Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Cali Kooshin, oo ah suldaanka guud ee guud ee maanta beelaha Ciise Musse . * [[Cabdilahi Timocade|Cabdillaahi Suldaan Maxamed Timacade]], oo loo yaqaan "Timacade", oo ah gabyaa caan ah xilliyadii ka hor iyo ka dib gumeystihii * Abdulrahim Abby Farah, Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha-Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay 1979–1990 iyo Wakiilka Joogtada ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya u fadhiya Qaramada Midoobay 1965–1972. * Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid, Waa Duqa hada ee [[Hargeysa|Caasimada Hargeysa]], caasimada Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]] . * Cabdishakuur Ciddin Waa Duqa hadda ee magaalo-madaxda [[Berbera]] ee [[Saaxil|Saaxil,]] Gobolka [[Saaxil|Somaliland]] . * [[Cabdulmajid Xuseen|Abdul Majid Hussein]], Dhaqaaleyahan, Wakiilkii hore ee Joogtada ahaa ee Ethiopia u fadhiyey Qaramada Midoobay, 2001-2004. Hogaamiyihii xisbiga Ethiopian Somali Democratic League (ESDL) ee deegaanka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida]] [[Itoobiya]] intii u dhaxeysay 1995-2001. * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid, wuxuu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed,]] wuxuuna ahaa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto guddoomiyaha ururka Oktoobar 1981. * Axmad Girri bin Xusain, lammaanaha midig ee Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ( [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmed Guray]] ) iyo [[Imaam Axmed Guray|jeneraal]] sare oo reer [[Saldanadii Cadal|Adal ah]] oo hogaamiya ciidan fara badan oo ka dhan ah boqortooyadii Abasiiniya . * [[Axmed Cawke|Axmed Xasan Cawke]], Suugaanyahan Soomaaliyeed oo weriye ah oo idaacadda ka hadla. Wuxuu ahaa ruug-caddaa ka tirsanaa BBC World Service, Codka Mareykanka, TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland, [[Horn Cable TV|Telefishanka Horn Cable]], [[Radio Muqdisho]] iyo Universal TV sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa afhayeenkii madaxweynihii hore ee [[Siyaad Barre]] xilligii [[Siyaad Barre|dowladdii]] Milatariga ahayd . <ref name="Ahmed Hasan Awke">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030219/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Axmed Yasiin|Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin]], wuxuu ahaa [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland|Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka Somaliland]] intii u dhexaysay 2002 ilaa 2010. iyo Guddoomiyihii Labaad ee xisbiga UDUB. * Cali Cabdi Faarax, Wasiirkii hore ee Isgaarsiinta iyo Dhaqanka ee [[Jabuuti]] * Ali Feiruz, ayaa ku dabaaldegay fanaaninta [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] ee [[Jabuuti]] iyo [[Soomaaliya]] * Gaarriye (wuxuu dhashay Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac), abwaan caan ah oo curiyay mid ka mid ah gabayada ugu caansan af soomaaliga ee ku saabsan mowduuca dib u heshiisiinta, "Hagarlaawe". * [[Xuseen Bisad|Hussain Bisad]], waa mid ka mid ah ragga adduunka ugu dheer, waa 2.32 m (7&nbsp;ft 7 1⁄2 gudaha). Wuxuu leeyahay taako gacmeedka ugu weyn ee qof nool. * Ibraahim Dheere, Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay bilyaneerkii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed iyo qof [[Soomaalida|Soomaali ah oo]] adduunka ugu taajirsan oo hantidiisa lagu qiyaasay 1.8 bilyan oo Doollarka Mareykanka ah. <ref name="Ibrahim Dheere">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005650/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * Ismaaciil Axmed, milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee WorldRemit oo ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha ugu xawliga badan adduunka, waxaana loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan Britain. <ref name="Ismael Ahmed">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2019-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102170310/https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo ah siyaasi halyeey [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] . Raiiselwasaarihi ugu horeeyey [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|ee Soomaaliya]] : 1960, 1967 - 1969. [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha Somaliland]], 1993–2002. * Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin 'Ogsadey', oo ah maalqabeen ganacsade Soomaaliyeed ah kuna nool dalka Itoobiya, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay MAO Harar Horse, oo ah shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Afrikaan ah ee dhoofisa kafeega isla markaana uruurisay hanti ku dhow $ 3 Billion oo Birta [[Birr (lacag)|Itoobiya ah]] . * Maxamed Cabdullaahi Oomaar, wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda Soomaaliya * Maxamed Xasan C / laahi, oo hore u ahaa Madaxa Shaqaalaha ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida]] ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Somaliland]] * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska. Waxaa sidoo kale loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay orodyahanka adduunka ugu wanaagsan ee maaratoonka. * Cabdi Haybe Laampad Ruug-caddaa Majaajiliiste Soomaaliyeed oo ka mid ah majaajiliistayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee abid ugu wanaagsanaa. * Maxamed Cumar Carte, Raiisul Wasaare kuxigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya. * Muxammad Xawaadle Madar, [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya]] intii u dhaxeysay 3-dii Sebtember 1990-kii illaa 24-kii Janaayo 1991 * [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]], sarkaal hore oo militari ah wuxuu soo qabtay Gaashaanle Sare ee Ciidanka Cirka Soomaaliya iyo tan iyo bishii Diseembar 2017. Madaxweynaha Hada Jira [[Somaliland]] . * Nuux Ismaaciil Taani, oo hadda ah Taliyaha Shaqaalaha ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland * Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay [[Al Jazeera English]] sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh [[Wararka ITV|ITV News]] * [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Umar Arteh Ghalib]], [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Raiisel]] Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, 1991–1993; wuxuu keenay Soomaaliya [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] 1974 xilligii uu ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya, 1969-1977; madaxweynihii hore ee Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay; macalin iyo abwaan * [[Sheekh Madar|Sheekh Madar Axmed Shirwac]], oo lagu tiriyey koritaankii hore ee Hargeysa == Tixraacyo == [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Isaaq]] [[Category:Taariikhda Somaliland]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bd5n7yz34rfvrc0nm8ualnizho3fop8 268945 268944 2024-12-01T15:23:10Z 197.231.201.220 268945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Yemen}}|group=Habr Awal <br> هبر أول|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Yemen.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region4={{flagcountry|Yemen}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]],[[Arabic language|Arabic]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])|related-c= [[Habar Yonis]], [[Arap]] , [[Habar Jeclo]] , [[Ciidagale]] and other [[Isaaq]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} The '''Habr Awal''', also contemporarily known as the '''Subeer Awal''', and alternately romanized as the '''Zubeyr Awal''' (Somali: ''Habar Awal'', Arabic: هبر أول, Full Name: ''Zubeyr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad)'' is the most populated clan of the wider Isaaq clan family, and is further divided into eight sub-clans of whom the two largest and most prominent are the Sa'ad Musa and Issa Musa sub-clans. Its members form a part of the Habr Magaadle confederation. The Habr Awal traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, coastal people, merchantsand farmers .The Habr Awal are historically/politically and economically influential in present-day Somaliland, and reside in strategic coastal and fertile lands. == Taariikhda == [[File:Warsame_Yunis.png|right|thumb| Warsame Yunis oo ka tirsan Sacad Musa Haber Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte, 1890]] Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmeed wuxuu ka mid ahaa aqoonyahanadii Carbeed ee ka soo talaabay badda Carabiya ee Carabta una so gudbay Geeska Afrika si ay u faafiyaan diinta Islaamka qiyaastii qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Waxaa la sheegay inuu ku abtirsaday [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|Nabi Maxamed]] gabadhiisii [[Fatima bint Muxamed|Fatimah]] . Sidaa awgeed Sheekha wuxuu ka tirsanaa [[Asharaaf|Ashraf]] ama Sada, ciwaano la siiyay faracii nebiga. Wuxuu guursaday laba dumar ah oo maxalli ah oo ka tagay [[Somaliland]] oo ay ka tageen siddeed wiil, oo mid ka mid ah ay tahay Cabdiraxmaan (Awal) Faraca sideedaas wiil waa waxa maanta loo yaqaan qabiilka Isaaq. Qabriga Zubeyr Awal, oo ah magaca awoowga ah ee beelweynta Haber Awal ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], wuxuu ku yaal Jiidali ee gobolka [[Sanaag]] oo qiyaastii ah 100&nbsp;Km dhanka bari ka xigta qabrigii awoowgiis Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed oo ahaa aabihii aasaasay qabiilka [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], oo qabrigiisu ku yaal magaalo xeebeedka [[Maydh]] . === Muddadii Dhexe (Guul-u-helidda Abbysinia) === Taariikh Awal jeeday waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah [[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]] iyo lagu xusay caanka "Futuh Al-Habash" kaalintii ay waaweyn ee dagaalka boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia-Adal sida Magaadle jeeday ee ay la socdaan [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Garhajis]], Arap iyo qabaa'ilka Ayub ka dhanka ah boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia, Waxay Soo Magan galeen shaqsi taariikhi ah oo loo yaqaan Axmad Gurey kaas oo ahaa gacan-wadaha saxda ah ee [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] isla markaana ahaa amiir ka dhashay Beesha Samaroon Jufadda Maxad case lafta Cismaan Muuse Maxamed Case (Abrayn ) Ahaana Amiirkii ciidammada Boqortooyadii Adal xilligii dagaalkii Abyssinian-Adal. === Xilligii gumaysiga ka hor === [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]] iyo xulafadii Habr Awal]] Haber Awal waxay leedahay taariikh ganacsi oo hodan ah inta badana waxaa ugu wacan lahaanshaha dekedda weyn ee soomaalida ee [[berbera]], taas oo ahayd dekedda ugu weyn iyo degitaanka qabiilka Haber Awal xilligii hore ee casriga. Qabiilku wuxuu xiriir adag [[Harar|lalahaa imaarada Harar]] waxayna imaaradu ku hayeen ganacsatada Haber Awal maxkamadahooda si xushmad iyo qadarin leh [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] isagoo xusaya saameynta ay ku leeyihiin maxkamada Amiir [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmed III bin Abu Bakr]] iyo wadahadal lala yeesho [[Vizier]] Mohammed. <blockquote>Haber Awal gebi ahaanba waa dad hodan ah, inta badanna waxay ku mahadsan tahay ganacsiga ka soo gudbaya dekedda Berbera ee ku taal dhulka Ciise Muuse. </blockquote><blockquote>Sidan oo kale qabiilooyinka ku hareeraysan marinka waddanka ee ay maraan gawaarida waaweyn ama jidadka ganacsiga ayaa soo urursaday hanti badan, halka kuwa Ayal Axmed oo kale ah, ay nasiib u yeesheen inay yeeshan deked ay doorbiday Dabeecadda sida Berbera, si daabiici ah ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay noqotay taaji . <ref>British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36</ref></blockquote> [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Wadooyinka ganacsiga ee aada magaalada Berbera iyagoo wata 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Axmed Nuux) oo ku yaal gudaha iyo hareeraha magaalada Berbera iyo qalcadda bari ee Siyara oo muuqata]] Ganacsatada Habr Awal waxay xiriir ganacsi oo aad u ballaadhan la lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Hindi ah oo ka kala yimid [[Dhulbaxsinta Carabta|Carabiya]] iyo waddamada [[Hindiya]] sida ay u kala horreeyaan. Markay ganacsatadan ajanabiga ahi yimaaddeen [[Berbera]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]] si ay ganacsi u fuliyaan, waxaa jiray is afgarad wax ku ool ah oo salka ku haya nidaamka abbaanka (ilaalinta) ee u dhexeeya iyaga iyo dadka deegaanka ah ee Reer Yuunis Nuux (Ayyal Yuunis) iyo Axmed Nuux (Ayyal Axmed) oo ku abtirsada Sacad Musa, Haber Awal:<blockquote>Tan ka hor, iyo ka hor degitaankii Ingriiska ee Cadan 1839, Ayyal Yuunis iyo Ayyal Ahmed abtirsiinyadooda Habr Awal waxay qabteen Berbera waxayna si wada jir ah u maareeyeen ganacsigooda, iyagoo la wadaagaya macaashka dhammaan macaamil ganacsi sida 'ilaaliyeyaal' (abans) ganacsato ajaanib ah oo ka kala yimid [[Carabiya]] iyo [[Hindiya]]. Markii lagu gudajiray dhiirrigelinta horumarka Cadan, barwaaqada dekedda ayaa si muuqata kor ugu kacday, Ayyal Yuunis oo tirad ahaan tiradooda ahayd ayaa eryay ehelladooda la tartamay oo ku dhawaaqay inay yihiin milkiileyaal ganacsi ee Berbera. Tani waxay horseeday isqabqabsi dhinac walba uu ka raadsado caawimaad dibadeed; Ayyal Axmed ee laga adkaaday wuxuu u jeestay Xaaji Shirmarke 'Cali iyo qabiilkiisa Haber Yuunis si ay u taageeraan. Taakulayntaan, waxay markaa awood u yeesheen inay dib isu taagaan oo ay cayriyaan Ayyal Yuunis oo u dhaqaaqay wadada yar ee waddada [[Bulaxaar]], oo dhawr mayl u jirta galbeedka Berbera. </blockquote> [[File:Berbera,_1884.png|thumb|300x300px| Sawirka Berbera, 1884]] Kaliya maahan in Haber Awal ganacsato ajaanib ah ay ku soo dhoweeyaan dekedahooda, waxay sidoo kale howlgalo ganacsi ka sameyeen maraakiibtooda ilaa dekadaha Carabta. Badi ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ee tagi jirtay Cadan iyo dekedaha kale ee Koonfurta Carabtu waxay kasoo jeedaan qabiilka Habr Awal. Waxay Harar iyo gudaha ka soo iibsadeen badeecooyin kala duwan oo cayriin ah iyagoo ku beddelaya badeecado la soo saaray. Intii ay joogeen, Habr Awal waxay kireysteen guryo iyaga u gaar ah waxayna shaqaalaysiiyeen addoommadoodii, halka qabaa'illada kale ee Soomaaliyeed ay u janjeeraan inay la joogaan eheladoodii hore looga sii aasaasay guud ahaan Gacanka.<blockquote>Ganacsato. - Kuwani guud ahaan waxay ka tirsan yihiin qabiilka Haber Awal. Waxay ka keenaan Harrar iyo dalkii Galla, kafee, saffron (baastar), faan-maroodi (faan-maroodi), iyo baalal, iyagoo ka qaadaya zinc, naxaas, maro ballaadhan, iyo badeecado googoos ah. Waxay sii joogaan Cadan muddo ku dhow labaatan maalmood markiiba inta lagu jiro xilliga ganacsiga, oo soconaya illaa sagaal bilood, 'iyagoo afar safar gaaraya. Inta ay degan yihiin waxay kiraystaan guri, waxaana la socda qoysaskooda. </blockquote> [[File:Street_in_Bulhar.png|thumb|300x300px| Wadada [[Bulaxaar]]]] Gudaha, Haber Awal gawaarida ganacsiga (khafilada) waxay ahaayeen muuqaal soo noqnoqda marka loo eego koontooyinka casriga ee reer Yurub ee Jasiiradda Soomaaliya:<blockquote>Markii aan ka soo ambabaxnay magaalada Hargeysa waxaan soo safarnay maylal badan oo aan soo marnay dhul qurux u eg oo baarkinka ah, oo nool oo shimbiro leh iyo haad hawd ah. Waxaan la kulanay khafilaadaha caadiga ah ee Soomaalida [gawaarida gawaadhida ka ganacsada] ee ragga Habr-Awal, iyagoo sita maqaarkooda, xanjo, subag, iyo qaxwaha dekeddeenna Bulhar, oo ku taal inta u dhexeysa Berbera iyo Saylac. <ref>'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901</ref></blockquote>Soomaalida ka soo jeeda gudaha qoto dheer, gaar ahaan kuwa ka soo jeeda [[Ogaadeen (beel)|Ogaadeenya]], sidoo kale waxay hantidooda inteeda badan ka heleen ganacsatada Habr Awal oo ay ugu yeedheen "iidoor", oo ah masayr xamaasad leh oo macnaheedu yahay baayacmushtar ama ganacsade, tixraacna u ah dabeecada baayacmushtariga Habr Awal. waqtigaas. <ref name="Info">Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115</ref> Xeebta Habr Awal (inta badan Reer Axmed Nuux) waxay si joogto ah ugu shaqeysay sidii dillaaliin / dhex dhexaadinta beelaha Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha ee doonaya inay alaabtooda u qaadaan dekedaha Berbera iyo Bulhar:<blockquote>Caadada ayaa ah Ayal Achmet (qabiilka Berbera) inuu u dhaqmo sidii dillaaliin, badiyaaana inta badan faa iidooyinka waxay ku dhagan yihiin gacmaha ninka dhexe. Ilaa iyo beryahan dambe Ogadayn waligeed ma aadin xeebta, laakiin waxay badeecada ku aamintay ganacsatada xeebaha. </blockquote> ==== Xannibaadda Berbera ==== Markii Markab Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray ''Mary Anne uu'' isku dayey inuu ku xidho dekedda Berbera 1825 waa la weeraray oo xubno badan oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah ayaa xasuuqay Habr Awal. Jawaab ahaan Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada waxay hirgeliyeen xannibaadda iyo xisaabaadka qaarkood waxay ka sheekeeyaan duqeyn magaalada ka dhacday. Qasimiyiintu waxay aad ugu firfircoonaayeen xag militari ahaan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba [[Gacanka Maakhir|gacanka Cadmeed]] waxaana la siiyay inay dhacaan oo ay weeraraan maraakiibta ilaa galbeedka Mocha ee [[Baddacas|Badda Cas]] . Waxay xiriiryo badan oo ganacsi la lahaayeen [[Soomaalida]], iyagoo hogaaminayey maraakiibta Ras Al Khaimah iyo [[Gacanka Faarsiga|Gacanka Beershiya]] inay si joogto ah uga qayb galaan carwooyinka ganacsiga ee [[Berbera]] iyo [[Saylac]] . Marka la fiiriyo sumcadda reer Qaasim ee burcad-badeednimada caanka ah, [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] Suldaan Faarax iyo Xaaji Cali waxay qalinka u qoreen Suldaan bin Saqr Al Qasimi oo ay ku wargelinayaan xaaladda waxayna ka codsadeen inuu kala qayb galo dagaalka ay kula jiraan Ingiriiska. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Suldaanku wuu awoodi waayey inuu ka jawaabo ama gacan ka geysto yareynta xannibaadda maadaama ololihii Gacanka Beershiiya ee 1819 uu awood u waayey ciidankiisii. 1827 laba sano ka dib Ingriisku wuxuu kordhiyay yabooh si loo yareeyo xayiraada oo hakad galisay ganacsigii faa iidada badnaa ee Berbera iyada oo lagu badalayo heshiis ganacsi iyo 15,000 oo lacagta Isbaanishka ah oo ay bixinayaan hogaamiyeyaasha Habr Awal burburinta markabka iyo nolosha. === Xilligii Maxmiyadda Ingiriiska === Beesha Haber Awal waxay hoos tagtay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] iyagoo saxiixay heshiis [[Ingiriiska|maxmiyadeed Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska]] markay ahayd 14 July 1884. Habr Awal wuxuu sii waday inuu heshiis ganacsi oo faa'iido leh la yeesho xiriirada shisheeye, inbadan oo kamid ah sidoo kale waxay kujireen xukunkii ingiriiska dalalkooda. Ingriisku wuxuu aasaasay caasimada [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda British Somaliland]] ee [[Berbera]], laakiin markii dambe wuxuu caasimada u raray [[Hargeysa]] 1941 === Garaadka iyo Salaadiinta Beesha Habr Awal === Habr Awal waxay leeyihiin dhaqan soo jireen ah oo hogaamineed waxaana hogaamiya Suldaan ka tirsan garabka Axmed Cabdalla - beel aad u tiro badan oo Sacad Muusa ah oo inta badan degan dalka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Itoobiya]] . Taariikh ahaan waxay doorbidaan inay adeegsadaan ereyga asalka ah ee ''Garaadka'' sida Warsangeli, labada qabiilba waxay tan iyo markaas bedeleen magaca cinwaanka oo loo bixiyay ''Suldaan'' in kastoo ''doorku'' isku mid yahay. Jeeday Awal Garaads urura lahaa nin ee xiliyada dagaalka iyo xallinayo murannada ka ballaaran leh beelaha kale buuxinta kaalinta sidii nabad kama dambaysta ah ''(nabadoon).'' Garaad Biniin kii ugu horreeyay waxaa loo caleemo saaray waqti la mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Habr Yunis]] Suldaan Diriiye Caynaasha, iyadoo labadan beelood ee waaweyn ay ka jabeen tababbarkii [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Ciidagale]] oo ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ballaadhan ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] . Geeridiisa ka dib, Habr Awal ma uusan caleemo saarin Garaad cusub dhowr sano maadaama dadka dhaxalka u ah Biniin ay aad u yaraayeen, iyadoo Garaad Cabdalla la caleemo saaray markii uu qaangaaray. Dagaal ka dhaca xadka koonfureed ee dhulka Habr Awal si looga ilaaliyo qabiilka cadawgiisa iyo la dagaalanka weerarada. Hal dhacdo wuxuu si dirqi ah uga badbaaday weerar kadis ah oo [[Daarood|Jidwaaq]] ah iyadoo Axmed Cabdalla uu si dhaqso leh [[Daarood|isugu soo uruuriyay]] kuna qasbay duullaanka inay cararaan {| class="wikitable" ! ! Magaca ! Xukunka Ka soo ! Xukunka Ilaa |- | 1 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Biniin''' ( '''Garaadkii''' ''ugu horeeyey'' ) | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |2 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Cabdalla''' ''Garaad'' Biniin | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |3 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Askar''' ''Garaad'' Abdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |4 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Diiriiye''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 5 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Abdulrahman''' ''Garaad'' Diriiye ''(Suldaanka la qaatay)'' | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 6 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdillaahi''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdulraxman | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 7 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdirisaaq''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 8 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Xasan''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |} [[File:Garaad_Askar.png|thumb| Mustaqbalka ''Garaad'' Askar waxaa la sawiray sanadkii 1895]] Garaad Abdalla wuxuu shaqeynayey dhowr iyo toban sano, waxaana ku qaabilay saraakiil socdaal Ingriis ah oo ku dhoweyd xadka koonfureed ee [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda]] sanadkii 1894-tii oo ku saabsan ballaarinta Jeneraal Ras Makonen oo wakiil ka ahaa Menelik II . Garaad Cabdalla oo ay weheliyaan hogaamiyeyaal kale oo badan oo ka tirsan British Somaliland sida Sultan Deria Hassan iyo Sheikh Madar waxay ka walwalsanaayeen duulaanka ba'an ee ciidamada Xabashidu ku bartilmaameedsadeen magaalada sii kordheysa ee [[Hargeysa]] iyo nawaaxigeeda. Garaadka waxaa la soo xiriiray Makonen labo sano un kadib isagoo ka codsaday isaga iyo Habr Awal inay ku biiraan Boqortooyada Itoobiya laakiin waa laga diiday. Garaad Cabdalla waxaa u yimid Suldaanka [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Beesha Habr Yunis]] markii ay abaaro soo food saareen, Habr Yunis wuxuu codsaday in la helo ceelasha Habr Awal si ay u waraabiyaan. Cabdala wuu ogolaaday codsigii laakiin qaar ka mid ah beeshiisa ayaa u haystay inuu yahay mid deeqsi badan isla markaana caawiya Habr Yunis iyadoo la tixgalinayo ladnaanta kaydkooda. Dadkaas waxaa ugu weynaa Askartiisa oo 15 jir ah. Markii qaar ka mid ah xisbiga Habr Yunis ay biyo yimaadeen, Askar ayaa soo dhex galay ceelka dhexdiisa raggiina waxay u diideen inay galaan. Waxaa lagu canaantay nacasnimadiisa waxaana loo sheegay inuu gees u leexdo oo uu adeeco rabitaanka aabihiis. Askar xanaaqsan ayaa toorey la dhacay ninka canaantay dagaalna wuxuu ku sigtay inuu ka bilowdo falkan. Baardheer Habr Awal oo caaqil ah kana yimid [[Bulaxaar|Bulhar oo]] lagu magacaabo Aami ayaa istaagay oo gabay ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|tiriyay]]'' : ''Erayada aad u tiro badan ayaa durba laga hadlay Yuunis ereyadiisa nacasnimada ah'' : ''Laakiin xukunka xaqa ahu wuxuu kuugu daahirsanaan doonaa sidii caadadii hore, oo nabad iyo sida buur oo kale u keenaysa'' : ''Dad aad kuugu dhow ayaa ku dhuunta dadka, cadaawayaashaada, laga soo bilaabo waqtiyadii hore ee xuska colaada'' : ''Haddii waqtigu yimaado markii aad ku indho beeshay khilaafku, ma ixtiraami lahayd'' : ''Si hagar la’aan ah, si kedis ah ayey kugu soo dul degeen'' : ''Dhamaan qabiilooyinka cadawga ah waxay maqleen warkaaga muranka ah'' : ''Sida gorgorrada oo kale, dhammaantood hunguriga ayey ka eegaan hilibkaaga!'' [[File:Habr_Awal_Warriors.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Dagaalyahanada beesha Habr Awal]] Dhinacyadiina waxaa taabtay hadalladiisii waxayna dhex-dhexaadiyeen khilaafkoodii. Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu gacantiisa siiyay mid ka mid ah gabdhihiisa gabyaaga si loogu abaalmariyo dadaalkiisa. Geeridii Cabdalla ka dib, wiilkiisii ugu weynaa ee Askar ayaa ka dambeeyay isaga oo noqday Garaad. Askar wuxuu ahaa nin fardooley ah oo xirfad leh wuxuuna la dagaalamay qaybaha koonfureed ee qabiilka kana soo horjeeday Dervishkii bilaabay duulaanka Habr Awal iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee gobolka. Sheekh Madar wuxuu isu keenay qaybaha waqooyi ee Habr Awal kuwaas oo ka duwan Ahmed Abdalla iyo in yar oo kale, oo inta badan deganaa xuduudaha [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] . Geeridii Askaar kadib walaalkii ka yaraa ee Diriiye wuxuu qaatay garaadka Garaadka oo wuxuu kaga duwanaa walaalkiis iyo aabihiis inuu aad diirada u saaro tabashooyinka bulshada Habr Awal maadaama mudo nabada ay dhowdahay kadib guuldaradii Dervishes, hoos u dhigida baahida dagaalka. . Diriiye waxaa la soo dersay loolan is barbar socda oo kaalintiisa ah sida Garaad iyo Habr Awal oo gadaashiisa isugu soo ururay oo iska caabiyey ninka iska dhigaya. Markii ugu dambaysay dhimashadii Diriiye, wiilkiisa Cabdulraxman ayaa la caleemo saaray oo wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Habr Awal ee isu muujiya sida 'Suldaan' halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Garaadka. Abdulrahman wuxuu aad ula mid ahaa aabihiis hase yeeshe wuxuu aad ugu firfircoonaa arrimaha maxmiyada. Markii Ciidagale isku dayay inuu weeraro Ciise Muusa, wiil uu dhalay Habr Yunis Sultan ayaa ku soo biiray duulaanka markii la eryanayay ragii duulaanka ahaa waa la dilay. Suldaanka Beesha Habr Yunis wuxuu u yimid C / Raxmaan si uu u xaliyo khilaafka wuxuuna rabey inuu ku qasbo Issa Musa inuu bixiyo ''magta'' wiilka Suldaanka. Sida ku cad ''[[Xeer|xeer-]]'' dhaqameedka Soomaalida soo celinta lama bixiyo markii mid la dilo isdifaacid. Sidaa darteed Ciise Muusa wuu diiday oo gaashaan buufintooda ku sameeyay isagoo diidaya xukunka Abdulrahman. Cismaan Haariyey oo hayb aahan kasoo jeedey ciise muuse ‘ abokor ciise ayaa abwaanku istaagey oo tiriyey ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|geeraarka]]'' soo socda oo ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|uu ku cadeynayo]]'' ixtiraamkiisa laakiin uusan ku raacsaneyn Suldaan Abdulrahman. Intaa ka dib Ciise Muusa wuu bixi lahaa oo wuxuu sii ambaqaadi doonaa inuu caleemo saaro Suldaankoodii ugu horeeyay, Suldaan Kooshin sanadkii 1949 isagoo xusayay madaxbanaanidooda walaalahooda weyn ee Sacad Musa. {{Verse translation|Ninka Qaaliya joogee Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo Ninka geeri qodaayiyo Ka qasaalaya geela Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo Wax ma qaybsan karaan? Suldaanow kuma caayin Ku canaannana maayo Ceebna kuu gudi maayo Calafna kaa sugi maayo Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo Cadradii gabadhiinna Marnaba kaa celin maayo Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon Caleentii boqor saarray baa Cuurkii Muuse Subeer Aakhiro u celinaaya|The man who stands in wealth Who harvests the millet The man who’s digging for death And the ones looking after the camels Oh Suldaan think about it Can they agree? Oh Suldaan I have not insulted you And I am not reprimanding you I am not compensating you for shame I expect no wealth from you The respect we give you The beautiful young women We will never take back from you Men who were like you Who we put leaves on as king Are keeping back The Muuse Subeer people|lang=so-Latn|attr1=Cismaan Haayirey ''Suldaanow Kuma Caayin''<ref>''War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86''</ref>}} Sannadkii 1955-kii, Sultan Abdulrahman Deria wuxuu xubin ka ahaa 4 wafdi oo isugu jiray siyaasiyiin iyo salaadiin u tagay [[London]], [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] . Hadafkoodu wuxuu ahaa inay codsadaan oo ay cadaadis ku saaraan Dowladda Ingiriiska soo celinta dhulkii lumay ee loo yaqaanay 'Haud Reserve Area' oo la siiyay Boqortooyada Itoobiya intii lagu jiray heshiiskii Anglo Ethiopian ee 1954. [[File:Isaaq_Sultans_Abdillahi_Deria_and_Abdulrahman_Deria.png|thumb|350x350px| Salaadiinta Abdulrahman Deria iyo Cabdillaahi Deria oo ku sugnaa London, 1955]] ''Siyaasadaha Imperial iyo Nationalism ee Gobonimada Somaliland, 1954-1960'', Taariikhyahan Jaamac Maxamed ayaa qoray:<blockquote>NUF waxay u ololeysay soo celinta dhulalka Somaliland iyo dibeddaba. Tusaale ahaan, bishii Maarso 1955, wafdi ka kooban Michael Mariano, Abokor Xaaji Faarax iyo Cabdi Daahir ayaa aaday magaalada Muqdisho si ay ugu guuleystaan taageerada iyo wada shaqeynta kooxaha wadaniyiinta ah ee Soomaaliya. Iyo bishii Febraayo iyo May 1955 wefdi kale oo ka kooban laba Suldaan oo dhaqameed ah ( Suldaan Cabdillaahi Suldaan Deria, iyo Suldaan Abdulraxman Suldaan Deria), iyo laba siyaasi oo qunyar socod ah oo wax ku soo bartay Galbeedka (Michael Mariano, Cabdiraxmaan Cali Maxamed Dubeh) ayaa booqday London iyo New York. Intii ay ku guda jireen socdaalkooda London, waxay si rasmi ah ula kulmeen oo ay kala hadleen arinta Xoghayaha Arimaha Gumeysiga ee Alan Lennox-Boyd. Waxay u sheegeen Lennox-Boyd heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya ee 1885-kii. Heshiisyada dhexdooda, Michael Mariano wuxuu sheegay, Dowladda Ingiriiska 'ma aysan qaadin waligeed inay dhiibto, iibiso, amaahda ama haddii kale wax ku siiso shaqo, marka laga reebo Dowladda Ingiriiska, qayb kasta oo ka mid ah dhulka ay iyagu deggan yihiin ama ay iyagu gacanta ku hayaan'. Laakiin hadda dadka Soomaaliyeed 'waxay maqleen in dhulkooda la siinayo Itoobiya iyada oo loo marayo heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia ee 1897'. Si kastaba ha noqotee, heshiiskaas wuxuu 'khilaaf ka taagnaa' heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya 'kaasoo mudnaanta laga siiyay' 1897-kii heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia [. ] Dawladda Ingiriisku 'way ka xoog badatay awoodeeda markay dhammeysay heshiiskii 1897 iyo ... heshiiska 1897 kuma xirna qabiilooyinka.' Suldaan Cabdillaahi waxa kale oo uu intaas ku daray in heshiiskii 1954 uu ahaa 'naxdin weyn oo ku dhacday dadka Soomaaliyeed' maadaama aan loo sheegin wadahadallada, iyo tan iyo markii ay dawladda Ingiriisku maamushay aagga ilaa 1941. Ergooyinku waxay codsadeen, sida uu yiri Suldaan Abdulrahman, dib u dhigista dhaqangelinta heshiiska si 'loo siiyo wafdiga waqti ay dacwaddooda ugu gudbiyaan' baarlamaanka iyo hay'adaha caalamiga ah. </blockquote> === Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed === Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Soomaaliyeed ee]] (SNM) wuxuu ahaa koox fallaago ah 1980- 1990kii. SNM markay ahayd 1981 aasaaskeedii [[London]] waxay u doorteen Axmed Maxamed Gulaid oo ka soo jeeda qabiilka Habr Awal inuu noqdo gudoomiyahoodii ugu horeeyey, kaasoo sheegay in ujeedada cad ee kooxdu ahayd inay afgembiyaan [[Siyaad Barre|taliskii]] militariga ee [[Siyaad Barre]] . <ref name="Metz">Helen Chapin Metz, ''Somalia: a country study'', Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.</ref> SNM waxay ka soo ururisay saldhigii ugu weynaa ee ay ka taageertay xubnaha beesha Isaaq, kuwaas oo aasaasay isla markaana taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa iyagoo ka jawaabaya sanado faquuqa nidaamsan ee ay ku timid dawladii Siyaad Barre. Xubnaha Beesha Habr Awal waxay ka koobnaayeen qayb lixaad leh hogaamiyayaashii iyo askartii SNM. Taliyayaasha Habr Awal waxay fuliyeen howlgalo badan oo guuleystey oo horseeday guushii ugu weyneyd ee kooxda iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre. Galbeedka Somaliland, kooxdani waxay si mug leh uga dhex muuqatay qaybta 99 ee [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed]] oo lagu aasaasay magaalada [[Gabiley|Gabilay]] iyadoo inta badan qeybaha kala duwan ee ciidamada ay ka kooban yihiin maleeshiyooyin ka soo jeeda deegaanka Jibriil Abokor oo ka tirsan beesha Sacad Muuse. Habr Awal oo xukuma gobolka [[gabiley]] . Qaybta 99-aad waxaa taliye u ahaa Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) oo ka tirsan Jibriil Abokor oo si guul leh u qabsaday gobolka [[Awdal]] isla markaana gabi ahaanba tirtiray joogitaankii [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|ciidamadii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] ee ku sugnaa gudaha [[Gabiley]] iyo [[Awdal]] kuna qasbay dadka deegaanka [[Gadabuursi|Gadabuursi ee]] degen gobolka [[Awdal]] inay u ballanqaadaan daacadnimo [[Somaliland]] . Isaga oo ahaa taliyihii qaybta 99, General Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Jidhif) waxa kale oo uu Saldhig Milatari ka sameeyey [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Somaliyeed]] magaalada [[Saylac]] halkaas oo ay [[SNM]] qabsatay gobolka Awdal muddo 4 sano ah isla markaana ay si guul leh uga adkaadeen isku daygii maleeshiyooyinkii USF ee daacadda u ahaa [[Jabuuti]] oo isku dayey inay ka faa'iideystaan. ee dhicitaankii Dowladii Milatariga ee Siyaad Bare 1991 kuna darsatay magaalada [[Saylac]] . Badhtamaha Somaliland, [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] iyo qaybtiisa Xuseen Abokor ee ka tirsan Sacad Muuse oo ka mid ah beelweynta Habr Awal waxay si guul leh uga xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee naxariis darada ahaa waxayna door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen SNM halka ay ka xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Faraweyne]] . Isla mar ahaantaana, Qaybta Ciise Muuse ee uu hoggaamiyo Korneyl Ibraahim Dhagaweyne waxay xoreeyeen dekedda istiraatiijiga ah ee [[Berbera]] iyo magaalada taariikhiga ah ee Sheekh . Kadib aasaaskii [[Somaliland]] 1991. Ganacsatada Habr Awal ayaa maalgeliyey lacagtii ugu badnayd halkaas oo ay ugu deeqeen malaayiin doollar si ay uga helaan halgamayaashii SNM raashin, agab iyo qalab darajooyin milatari ah. Magaalooyinka ganacsiga ee Habr Awal sida [[Berbera]] iyo [[Wajaale]] waa halka laga helo hubka ugu badan ee laga soo waariday iyada oo maalqabeenada Habr Awal ee ganacsatada ah ay ciidamadii SNM u suurto gashay inay helaan hub ku filan. Beesha Habr Awal waxay door laxaad leh la qaadatay SNM waxayna ka mid ahaayeen aasaasayaashii la qadarin jiray. Waxay sidoo kale dhisay [[Somaliland]] hay'adaha siyaasadeed 's dhulka hoostiisa xeerka aaya madaxweynaha 2aad Somaliland ee [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Cigaal]] . Muddadii 9-ka sano ahayd ee uu [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha ka ahaa Somaliland]], Cigaal wuxuu ku guuleystey inuu hub ka dhigis ku sameeyo kooxaha kacdoonka maxalliga ah, dejiyey dhaqaalaha gobolka waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland, iyo inuu xiriir ganacsi oo aan rasmi ahayn la yeesho dalalka shisheeye. Waxa kale oo uu soo bandhigay [[Shillin Somaliland|shilinka Somaliland]], baasaboor iyo [[Calanka Somaliland|calan]] cusub oo dib loo [[Calanka Somaliland|naqshadeeyay]] . Intaa waxaa dheer, Cigaal abuuray [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Hubaysan Somaliland Ciidamada]], ugu waxtarka badan [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ciidamada qalabka sida tan lakal oo ka mid ah [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|Ciidamada Qaranka Soomaaliya]] ee 1991 List of caan jeeday Awal SNM Taliyeyaasha ( Mujahids ). * Kornayl Cabdilaahi Askar Barkhad * Cabdikariim Xaashi Cilmi * Adan Dhamah * Aadan Shiine * Axmed Jaamac Sabban (Janan Oogo) * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid * Axmed Dhagax * Axmed Ibraahim (Raage Bidaar) * Axmed Golhaye * Ahmed Mohamed Hasan (Ahmed Japan) * Cali Gurey * General Cali Xuseen Cabdi * korneyl maxamud wadaad * Korneyl Xasan Yoonis Habane * Gen haybe Axmed Guure (Haybe Laambad) * Xaamud Ibraahim yaasin’sabanle’ * Professor Ibrahim Meygaag Samatar * Ibraahim Dhagaxweyne * Sheekh Ibraahim Madar * Maxamed Cilmi Samatar Galan * Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) * Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi * Maxamed Xasan (Gacmo Dheere) * Kornayl Cumar tooray * Mahdi Cali Faarax * Kornayl [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] * Sheekh Yuusuf Cali Sheekh Madar * Yaxye Xaaji Ibraahim * korneyl cawil haad qadiye * Korneyl maxamed uraaga ‘ride’ * korneyl Talaata codle * cabdilaahi cuddo * muj Garwaaf * muj jaamac dhidaro * muj jaale diid * muj ciise curaagte == Geed Qabiil iyo Nasab == Beesha Isaaq-reeraha, qabaa'ilka ka kooban qaybaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo minka ah, sida ku cad abtirsiinta. Qeybta koowaad waxay u dhaxeysaa faracyadan ay ka dhasheen wiilasha Sheekh Isxaaq haweeney reer Harari ah - oo ah Habr Xabuusheed - iyo kuwa ku abtirsada wiilasha reer Sheekh Isxaaq oo ay dhashay haweeney [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ah oo ka soo jeeda Beesha Magaadle ee [[Dir]] - Habr Magaadle. Xaqiiqdii, inta badan qabiilooyinka ugu waaweyn ee reeraha-qoysku waa dhab ahaan isbahaysiyo ilmo-galeenka sidaa darteedna magaca "Habr" oo macno ahaan u leh [[Af Soomaali|Soomaaliga]] qadiimiga ah "hooyo". Tan waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka soo socda ee qabiilka. <ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> Falanqaynta DNA-da ee xubnaha Habr Awal ee degan Jabuuti waxay ogaadeen in dhamaan shakhsiyaadka ay ka tirsanyihiin bayaan-hoosaadka EV32 ee Y-DNA E1b1b aabbaha haplogroup. Geed qoys oo kooban oo ka mid ah qabiilooyinka waaweyn ee Habr Awal ayaa lagu soo bandhigay halkan hoose. <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2021-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307053718/https://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Habr_Awal_woman.png|right|thumb|298x298px| Naagtii Habr Awal ee reer Berbera, 1884]] * Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed Al Haashimi (Sheekh Isxaaq) ** ''Habr Jeclo'' *** Axmed (Tol-Ja'lo) *** Muuse (Habr Jeclo) *** Ibrahiim (Sanbuur) *** Muxammad ('Ibraan) ** ''Habr Magaadle'' *** Ismaaciil (Garxajis) *** Ayuub *** Muxammad (Arap) *** '''Cabdiraxmaan''' ( '''Subeer awal''' ) ==Sacad Muuse== * Sacad Muse *****Abdirahman Sa'ad *****Abdalla Sa'ad *****Hassan Sa'ad ******Abdalla Hassan *****Isaaq Sa'ad ******Makahil *******Nuh Makahil *******Abokor Makahil *******Cumar Makahil *******Mohammed Makahil *******Hassan Makahil ********Ali Hassan ********Jibril Hassan ********Rooble Hassan ********Osman Hassan *******Mohammed Isaaq (Abbas) *******Isse Isaaq (Ciise Carab) *******Musa (Ase) Isaaq *******Yeesif Isaaq *******Abokor Isaaq ********Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan) ********Abdalla Abokor ********Hussein Abokor *********Osman Hussein (Cismaannada) *********Jibril Hussein **********Ismail Jibril ***********Nuh Ismail ************Yunis Nuh (Reer Yunis Nuh) *************Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon) *************Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh) *************Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid) *************Mohammed Yonis ************Ahmed Nuh (Reer Ahmed Nuh) ***********Said Ismail ************Abdalla Said *************Samatar Abdalla (Reer Samatar) *************Abane Abdalla (Reer Abane) *************Ahmed Abdalla (Reer Ahmed Abdalla) ***********Abdalla Ismail ***********Ali Ismail ***********Idris Ismail (Bah Gobo) ***********Muhumed Ismail (Waran'ad) ***********Yonis Ismail (Bah Gobo) ***********Yusuf Ismail ********Jibril Abokor *********Adan Jibril (Bahaabar Adan) *********Ali Jibril **********Omar Ali ***********Abeeb Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Abtidon Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Adan Omar ***********Hussein Qawa Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Sahal Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Yonis Omar (Dugeh) ***********Ismail Omar ************Barre Ismail *************Hareed Barre (Reer Hareed) ************Dalal Ismail (Reer Dalal) ************Geedi Ismail 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Omar) ************Hoosh Ismail (Baha Omar) ************Higgis Ismail ************Idris Ismail ************Ollow Ismail ************Samatar Ismail ************Qayaad Ismail (Baha Omar) *********Hassan Jibril *********Mohamed Jibril (Deriyahan) *********Yonis Jibril (Reer Yonis) **********Muuse Yonis ***********Cabdi Muse Yonis **********Caraale yonis **********Caynaashe Yonis **********Urkurag Yonis ***********Adan Urkurag ************Omar Adan ************Ali Adan ************Ahmed Adan == Ciise Muuse== ***** Aadan Ciise ****** Jibriil Aadan ******* Mohamoud Jibril ******* Xasan Jibriil ******* Ibraahim Jibriil ******* Ismaaciil Jibriil ***** Abokor Ciise ******Hasan Abokor *******Balle Hasan *******Muse Hasan ***** Idarys Ciise ****** cabdi waadhor ******* reer daahir ******* reer hayaan ****** Cali waadhor ***** Maxamed Ciise ****** Mukhtaar Maxamed ****** Xasan Maxamed ******* Jibriil Maxamed ******** Cumar Jibriil ******** Abokor Jibriil ******** Yoonis Jibriil ******** Muuse Jibril ********* Cali Muuse ********** Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal) ********** Wacays Cali (Reer Wacays) ********** Abane Ali (Reer Abane) ********** Haduu Cali lahaa (Reer Had) ********** Xildid Cali (Reer Hildid) ******* Cabdiraxmaan Muuse ******* Abdulle Muuse ******** Cabdalle Cabdulle (Cabdalle Qoyan) ******** Xasan Cabdulle ********* Axmed Xasan (Dhogori) ********* Deriyahan Xasan == Tirooyin caan ah oo saameyn ku leh == * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska.]] * weriye-qoraa Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay Al Jazeera English sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh ITV News]] Beeshu waxay soo saartay qaar ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu caansan uguna saameynta badan taariikhda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo hoos ku taxan: * Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Cali Kooshin, oo ah suldaanka guud ee guud ee maanta beelaha Ciise Musse . * [[Cabdilahi Timocade|Cabdillaahi Suldaan Maxamed Timacade]], oo loo yaqaan "Timacade", oo ah gabyaa caan ah xilliyadii ka hor iyo ka dib gumeystihii * Abdulrahim Abby Farah, Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha-Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay 1979–1990 iyo Wakiilka Joogtada ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya u fadhiya Qaramada Midoobay 1965–1972. * Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid, Waa Duqa hada ee [[Hargeysa|Caasimada Hargeysa]], caasimada Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]] . * Cabdishakuur Ciddin Waa Duqa hadda ee magaalo-madaxda [[Berbera]] ee [[Saaxil|Saaxil,]] Gobolka [[Saaxil|Somaliland]] . * [[Cabdulmajid Xuseen|Abdul Majid Hussein]], Dhaqaaleyahan, Wakiilkii hore ee Joogtada ahaa ee Ethiopia u fadhiyey Qaramada Midoobay, 2001-2004. Hogaamiyihii xisbiga Ethiopian Somali Democratic League (ESDL) ee deegaanka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida]] [[Itoobiya]] intii u dhaxeysay 1995-2001. * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid, wuxuu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed,]] wuxuuna ahaa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto guddoomiyaha ururka Oktoobar 1981. * Axmad Girri bin Xusain, lammaanaha midig ee Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ( [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmed Guray]] ) iyo [[Imaam Axmed Guray|jeneraal]] sare oo reer [[Saldanadii Cadal|Adal ah]] oo hogaamiya ciidan fara badan oo ka dhan ah boqortooyadii Abasiiniya . * [[Axmed Cawke|Axmed Xasan Cawke]], Suugaanyahan Soomaaliyeed oo weriye ah oo idaacadda ka hadla. Wuxuu ahaa ruug-caddaa ka tirsanaa BBC World Service, Codka Mareykanka, TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland, [[Horn Cable TV|Telefishanka Horn Cable]], [[Radio Muqdisho]] iyo Universal TV sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa afhayeenkii madaxweynihii hore ee [[Siyaad Barre]] xilligii [[Siyaad Barre|dowladdii]] Milatariga ahayd . <ref name="Ahmed Hasan Awke">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030219/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Axmed Yasiin|Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin]], wuxuu ahaa [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland|Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka Somaliland]] intii u dhexaysay 2002 ilaa 2010. iyo Guddoomiyihii Labaad ee xisbiga UDUB. * Cali Cabdi Faarax, Wasiirkii hore ee Isgaarsiinta iyo Dhaqanka ee [[Jabuuti]] * Ali Feiruz, ayaa ku dabaaldegay fanaaninta [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] ee [[Jabuuti]] iyo [[Soomaaliya]] * Gaarriye (wuxuu dhashay Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac), abwaan caan ah oo curiyay mid ka mid ah gabayada ugu caansan af soomaaliga ee ku saabsan mowduuca dib u heshiisiinta, "Hagarlaawe". * [[Xuseen Bisad|Hussain Bisad]], waa mid ka mid ah ragga adduunka ugu dheer, waa 2.32 m (7&nbsp;ft 7 1⁄2 gudaha). Wuxuu leeyahay taako gacmeedka ugu weyn ee qof nool. * Ibraahim Dheere, Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay bilyaneerkii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed iyo qof [[Soomaalida|Soomaali ah oo]] adduunka ugu taajirsan oo hantidiisa lagu qiyaasay 1.8 bilyan oo Doollarka Mareykanka ah. <ref name="Ibrahim Dheere">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005650/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * Ismaaciil Axmed, milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee WorldRemit oo ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha ugu xawliga badan adduunka, waxaana loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan Britain. <ref name="Ismael Ahmed">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2019-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102170310/https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo ah siyaasi halyeey [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] . Raiiselwasaarihi ugu horeeyey [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|ee Soomaaliya]] : 1960, 1967 - 1969. [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha Somaliland]], 1993–2002. * Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin 'Ogsadey', oo ah maalqabeen ganacsade Soomaaliyeed ah kuna nool dalka Itoobiya, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay MAO Harar Horse, oo ah shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Afrikaan ah ee dhoofisa kafeega isla markaana uruurisay hanti ku dhow $ 3 Billion oo Birta [[Birr (lacag)|Itoobiya ah]] . * Maxamed Cabdullaahi Oomaar, wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda Soomaaliya * Maxamed Xasan C / laahi, oo hore u ahaa Madaxa Shaqaalaha ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida]] ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Somaliland]] * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska. Waxaa sidoo kale loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay orodyahanka adduunka ugu wanaagsan ee maaratoonka. * Cabdi Haybe Laampad Ruug-caddaa Majaajiliiste Soomaaliyeed oo ka mid ah majaajiliistayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee abid ugu wanaagsanaa. * Maxamed Cumar Carte, Raiisul Wasaare kuxigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya. * Muxammad Xawaadle Madar, [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya]] intii u dhaxeysay 3-dii Sebtember 1990-kii illaa 24-kii Janaayo 1991 * [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]], sarkaal hore oo militari ah wuxuu soo qabtay Gaashaanle Sare ee Ciidanka Cirka Soomaaliya iyo tan iyo bishii Diseembar 2017. Madaxweynaha Hada Jira [[Somaliland]] . * Nuux Ismaaciil Taani, oo hadda ah Taliyaha Shaqaalaha ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland * Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay [[Al Jazeera English]] sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh [[Wararka ITV|ITV News]] * [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Umar Arteh Ghalib]], [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Raiisel]] Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, 1991–1993; wuxuu keenay Soomaaliya [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] 1974 xilligii uu ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya, 1969-1977; madaxweynihii hore ee Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay; macalin iyo abwaan * [[Sheekh Madar|Sheekh Madar Axmed Shirwac]], oo lagu tiriyey koritaankii hore ee Hargeysa == Tixraacyo == [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Isaaq]] [[Category:Taariikhda Somaliland]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] h2ukrtg0vxzs5kya28tedktaapo7t3t 268946 268945 2024-12-01T15:29:01Z 197.231.201.220 268946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Yemen}}|group=Habr Awal <br> هبر أول|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Yemen.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region4={{flagcountry|Yemen}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]],[[Arabic language|Arabic]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])|related-c= [[Habar Yonis]], [[Arap]] , [[Habar Jeclo]] , [[Ciidagale]] and other [[Isaaq]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} The '''Habr Awal''', also contemporarily known as the '''Subeer Awal''', and alternately romanized as the '''Zubeyr Awal''' (Somali: ''Habar Awal'', Arabic: هبر أول, Full Name: ''Zubeyr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad)'' is the most populated clan of the wider Isaaq clan family, and is further divided into eight sub-clans of whom the two largest and most prominent are the Sa'ad Musa and Issa Musa sub-clans. Its members form a part of the Habr Magaadle confederation. The Habr Awal traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, coastal people, merchantsand farmers .The Habr Awal are historically/politically and economically influential in present-day Somaliland, and reside in strategic coastal and fertile lands. == Taariikhda == [[File:Warsame_Yunis.png|right|thumb| Warsame Yunis oo ka tirsan Sacad Musa Haber Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte, 1890]] Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmeed wuxuu ka mid ahaa aqoonyahanadii Carbeed ee ka soo talaabay badda Carabiya ee Carabta una so gudbay Geeska Afrika si ay u faafiyaan diinta Islaamka qiyaastii qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Waxaa la sheegay inuu ku abtirsaday [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|Nabi Maxamed]] gabadhiisii [[Fatima bint Muxamed|Fatimah]] . Sidaa awgeed Sheekha wuxuu ka tirsanaa [[Asharaaf|Ashraf]] ama Sada, ciwaano la siiyay faracii nebiga. Wuxuu guursaday laba dumar ah oo maxalli ah oo ka tagay [[Somaliland]] oo ay ka tageen siddeed wiil, oo mid ka mid ah ay tahay Cabdiraxmaan (Awal) Faraca sideedaas wiil waa waxa maanta loo yaqaan qabiilka Isaaq. Qabriga Zubeyr Awal, oo ah magaca awoowga ah ee beelweynta Haber Awal ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], wuxuu ku yaal Jiidali ee gobolka [[Sanaag]] oo qiyaastii ah 100&nbsp;Km dhanka bari ka xigta qabrigii awoowgiis Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed oo ahaa aabihii aasaasay qabiilka [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], oo qabrigiisu ku yaal magaalo xeebeedka [[Maydh]] . === Muddadii Dhexe (Guul-u-helidda Abbysinia) === Taariikh Awal jeeday waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah [[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]] iyo lagu xusay caanka "Futuh Al-Habash" kaalintii ay waaweyn ee dagaalka boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia-Adal sida Magaadle jeeday ee ay la socdaan [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Garhajis]], Arap iyo qabaa'ilka Ayub ka dhanka ah boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia, Waxay Soo Magan galeen shaqsi taariikhi ah oo loo yaqaan Axmad Gurey kaas oo ahaa gacan-wadaha saxda ah ee [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] isla markaana ahaa amiir ka dhashay Beesha Samaroon Jufadda Maxad case lafta Cismaan Muuse Maxamed Case (Abrayn ) Ahaana Amiirkii ciidammada Boqortooyadii Adal xilligii dagaalkii Abyssinian-Adal. === Xilligii gumaysiga ka hor === [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]] iyo xulafadii Habr Awal]] Haber Awal waxay leedahay taariikh ganacsi oo hodan ah inta badana waxaa ugu wacan lahaanshaha dekedda weyn ee soomaalida ee [[berbera]], taas oo ahayd dekedda ugu weyn iyo degitaanka qabiilka Haber Awal xilligii hore ee casriga. Qabiilku wuxuu xiriir adag [[Harar|lalahaa imaarada Harar]] waxayna imaaradu ku hayeen ganacsatada Haber Awal maxkamadahooda si xushmad iyo qadarin leh [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] isagoo xusaya saameynta ay ku leeyihiin maxkamada Amiir [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmed III bin Abu Bakr]] iyo wadahadal lala yeesho [[Vizier]] Mohammed. <blockquote>Haber Awal gebi ahaanba waa dad hodan ah, inta badanna waxay ku mahadsan tahay ganacsiga ka soo gudbaya dekedda Berbera ee ku taal dhulka Ciise Muuse. </blockquote><blockquote>Sidan oo kale qabiilooyinka ku hareeraysan marinka waddanka ee ay maraan gawaarida waaweyn ama jidadka ganacsiga ayaa soo urursaday hanti badan, halka kuwa Ayal Axmed oo kale ah, ay nasiib u yeesheen inay yeeshan deked ay doorbiday Dabeecadda sida Berbera, si daabiici ah ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay noqotay taaji . <ref>British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36</ref></blockquote> [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Wadooyinka ganacsiga ee aada magaalada Berbera iyagoo wata 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Axmed Nuux) oo ku yaal gudaha iyo hareeraha magaalada Berbera iyo qalcadda bari ee Siyara oo muuqata]] Ganacsatada Habr Awal waxay xiriir ganacsi oo aad u ballaadhan la lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Hindi ah oo ka kala yimid [[Dhulbaxsinta Carabta|Carabiya]] iyo waddamada [[Hindiya]] sida ay u kala horreeyaan. Markay ganacsatadan ajanabiga ahi yimaaddeen [[Berbera]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]] si ay ganacsi u fuliyaan, waxaa jiray is afgarad wax ku ool ah oo salka ku haya nidaamka abbaanka (ilaalinta) ee u dhexeeya iyaga iyo dadka deegaanka ah ee Reer Yuunis Nuux (Ayyal Yuunis) iyo Axmed Nuux (Ayyal Axmed) oo ku abtirsada Sacad Musa, Haber Awal:<blockquote>Tan ka hor, iyo ka hor degitaankii Ingriiska ee Cadan 1839, Ayyal Yuunis iyo Ayyal Ahmed abtirsiinyadooda Habr Awal waxay qabteen Berbera waxayna si wada jir ah u maareeyeen ganacsigooda, iyagoo la wadaagaya macaashka dhammaan macaamil ganacsi sida 'ilaaliyeyaal' (abans) ganacsato ajaanib ah oo ka kala yimid [[Carabiya]] iyo [[Hindiya]]. Markii lagu gudajiray dhiirrigelinta horumarka Cadan, barwaaqada dekedda ayaa si muuqata kor ugu kacday, Ayyal Yuunis oo tirad ahaan tiradooda ahayd ayaa eryay ehelladooda la tartamay oo ku dhawaaqay inay yihiin milkiileyaal ganacsi ee Berbera. Tani waxay horseeday isqabqabsi dhinac walba uu ka raadsado caawimaad dibadeed; Ayyal Axmed ee laga adkaaday wuxuu u jeestay Xaaji Shirmarke 'Cali iyo qabiilkiisa Haber Yuunis si ay u taageeraan. Taakulayntaan, waxay markaa awood u yeesheen inay dib isu taagaan oo ay cayriyaan Ayyal Yuunis oo u dhaqaaqay wadada yar ee waddada [[Bulaxaar]], oo dhawr mayl u jirta galbeedka Berbera. </blockquote> [[File:Berbera,_1884.png|thumb|300x300px| Sawirka Berbera, 1884]] Kaliya maahan in Haber Awal ganacsato ajaanib ah ay ku soo dhoweeyaan dekedahooda, waxay sidoo kale howlgalo ganacsi ka sameyeen maraakiibtooda ilaa dekadaha Carabta. Badi ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ee tagi jirtay Cadan iyo dekedaha kale ee Koonfurta Carabtu waxay kasoo jeedaan qabiilka Habr Awal. Waxay Harar iyo gudaha ka soo iibsadeen badeecooyin kala duwan oo cayriin ah iyagoo ku beddelaya badeecado la soo saaray. Intii ay joogeen, Habr Awal waxay kireysteen guryo iyaga u gaar ah waxayna shaqaalaysiiyeen addoommadoodii, halka qabaa'illada kale ee Soomaaliyeed ay u janjeeraan inay la joogaan eheladoodii hore looga sii aasaasay guud ahaan Gacanka.<blockquote>Ganacsato. - Kuwani guud ahaan waxay ka tirsan yihiin qabiilka Haber Awal. Waxay ka keenaan Harrar iyo dalkii Galla, kafee, saffron (baastar), faan-maroodi (faan-maroodi), iyo baalal, iyagoo ka qaadaya zinc, naxaas, maro ballaadhan, iyo badeecado googoos ah. Waxay sii joogaan Cadan muddo ku dhow labaatan maalmood markiiba inta lagu jiro xilliga ganacsiga, oo soconaya illaa sagaal bilood, 'iyagoo afar safar gaaraya. Inta ay degan yihiin waxay kiraystaan guri, waxaana la socda qoysaskooda. </blockquote> [[File:Street_in_Bulhar.png|thumb|300x300px| Wadada [[Bulaxaar]]]] Gudaha, Haber Awal gawaarida ganacsiga (khafilada) waxay ahaayeen muuqaal soo noqnoqda marka loo eego koontooyinka casriga ee reer Yurub ee Jasiiradda Soomaaliya:<blockquote>Markii aan ka soo ambabaxnay magaalada Hargeysa waxaan soo safarnay maylal badan oo aan soo marnay dhul qurux u eg oo baarkinka ah, oo nool oo shimbiro leh iyo haad hawd ah. Waxaan la kulanay khafilaadaha caadiga ah ee Soomaalida [gawaarida gawaadhida ka ganacsada] ee ragga Habr-Awal, iyagoo sita maqaarkooda, xanjo, subag, iyo qaxwaha dekeddeenna Bulhar, oo ku taal inta u dhexeysa Berbera iyo Saylac. <ref>'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901</ref></blockquote>Soomaalida ka soo jeeda gudaha qoto dheer, gaar ahaan kuwa ka soo jeeda [[Ogaadeen (beel)|Ogaadeenya]], sidoo kale waxay hantidooda inteeda badan ka heleen ganacsatada Habr Awal oo ay ugu yeedheen "iidoor", oo ah masayr xamaasad leh oo macnaheedu yahay baayacmushtar ama ganacsade, tixraacna u ah dabeecada baayacmushtariga Habr Awal. waqtigaas. <ref name="Info">Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115</ref> Xeebta Habr Awal (inta badan Reer Axmed Nuux) waxay si joogto ah ugu shaqeysay sidii dillaaliin / dhex dhexaadinta beelaha Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha ee doonaya inay alaabtooda u qaadaan dekedaha Berbera iyo Bulhar:<blockquote>Caadada ayaa ah Ayal Achmet (qabiilka Berbera) inuu u dhaqmo sidii dillaaliin, badiyaaana inta badan faa iidooyinka waxay ku dhagan yihiin gacmaha ninka dhexe. Ilaa iyo beryahan dambe Ogadayn waligeed ma aadin xeebta, laakiin waxay badeecada ku aamintay ganacsatada xeebaha. </blockquote> ==== Xannibaadda Berbera ==== Markii Markab Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray ''Mary Anne uu'' isku dayey inuu ku xidho dekedda Berbera 1825 waa la weeraray oo xubno badan oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah ayaa xasuuqay Habr Awal. Jawaab ahaan Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada waxay hirgeliyeen xannibaadda iyo xisaabaadka qaarkood waxay ka sheekeeyaan duqeyn magaalada ka dhacday. Qasimiyiintu waxay aad ugu firfircoonaayeen xag militari ahaan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba [[Gacanka Maakhir|gacanka Cadmeed]] waxaana la siiyay inay dhacaan oo ay weeraraan maraakiibta ilaa galbeedka Mocha ee [[Baddacas|Badda Cas]] . Waxay xiriiryo badan oo ganacsi la lahaayeen [[Soomaalida]], iyagoo hogaaminayey maraakiibta Ras Al Khaimah iyo [[Gacanka Faarsiga|Gacanka Beershiya]] inay si joogto ah uga qayb galaan carwooyinka ganacsiga ee [[Berbera]] iyo [[Saylac]] . Marka la fiiriyo sumcadda reer Qaasim ee burcad-badeednimada caanka ah, [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] Suldaan Faarax iyo Xaaji Cali waxay qalinka u qoreen Suldaan bin Saqr Al Qasimi oo ay ku wargelinayaan xaaladda waxayna ka codsadeen inuu kala qayb galo dagaalka ay kula jiraan Ingiriiska. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Suldaanku wuu awoodi waayey inuu ka jawaabo ama gacan ka geysto yareynta xannibaadda maadaama ololihii Gacanka Beershiiya ee 1819 uu awood u waayey ciidankiisii. 1827 laba sano ka dib Ingriisku wuxuu kordhiyay yabooh si loo yareeyo xayiraada oo hakad galisay ganacsigii faa iidada badnaa ee Berbera iyada oo lagu badalayo heshiis ganacsi iyo 15,000 oo lacagta Isbaanishka ah oo ay bixinayaan hogaamiyeyaasha Habr Awal burburinta markabka iyo nolosha. === Xilligii Maxmiyadda Ingiriiska === Beesha Haber Awal waxay hoos tagtay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] iyagoo saxiixay heshiis [[Ingiriiska|maxmiyadeed Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska]] markay ahayd 14 July 1884. Habr Awal wuxuu sii waday inuu heshiis ganacsi oo faa'iido leh la yeesho xiriirada shisheeye, inbadan oo kamid ah sidoo kale waxay kujireen xukunkii ingiriiska dalalkooda. Ingriisku wuxuu aasaasay caasimada [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda British Somaliland]] ee [[Berbera]], laakiin markii dambe wuxuu caasimada u raray [[Hargeysa]] 1941 === Garaadka iyo Salaadiinta Beesha Habr Awal === Habr Awal waxay leeyihiin dhaqan soo jireen ah oo hogaamineed waxaana hogaamiya Suldaan ka tirsan garabka Axmed Cabdalla - beel aad u tiro badan oo Sacad Muusa ah oo inta badan degan dalka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Itoobiya]] . Taariikh ahaan waxay doorbidaan inay adeegsadaan ereyga asalka ah ee ''Garaadka'' sida Warsangeli, labada qabiilba waxay tan iyo markaas bedeleen magaca cinwaanka oo loo bixiyay ''Suldaan'' in kastoo ''doorku'' isku mid yahay. Jeeday Awal Garaads urura lahaa nin ee xiliyada dagaalka iyo xallinayo murannada ka ballaaran leh beelaha kale buuxinta kaalinta sidii nabad kama dambaysta ah ''(nabadoon).'' Garaad Biniin kii ugu horreeyay waxaa loo caleemo saaray waqti la mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Habr Yunis]] Suldaan Diriiye Caynaasha, iyadoo labadan beelood ee waaweyn ay ka jabeen tababbarkii [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Ciidagale]] oo ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ballaadhan ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] . Geeridiisa ka dib, Habr Awal ma uusan caleemo saarin Garaad cusub dhowr sano maadaama dadka dhaxalka u ah Biniin ay aad u yaraayeen, iyadoo Garaad Cabdalla la caleemo saaray markii uu qaangaaray. Dagaal ka dhaca xadka koonfureed ee dhulka Habr Awal si looga ilaaliyo qabiilka cadawgiisa iyo la dagaalanka weerarada. Hal dhacdo wuxuu si dirqi ah uga badbaaday weerar kadis ah oo [[Daarood|Jidwaaq]] ah iyadoo Axmed Cabdalla uu si dhaqso leh [[Daarood|isugu soo uruuriyay]] kuna qasbay duullaanka inay cararaan {| class="wikitable" ! ! Magaca ! Xukunka Ka soo ! Xukunka Ilaa |- | 1 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Biniin''' ( '''Garaadkii''' ''ugu horeeyey'' ) | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |2 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Cabdalla''' ''Garaad'' Biniin | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |3 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Askar''' ''Garaad'' Abdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |4 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Diiriiye''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 5 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Abdulrahman''' ''Garaad'' Diriiye ''(Suldaanka la qaatay)'' | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 6 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdillaahi''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdulraxman | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 7 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdirisaaq''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 8 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Xasan''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |} [[File:Garaad_Askar.png|thumb| Mustaqbalka ''Garaad'' Askar waxaa la sawiray sanadkii 1895]] Garaad Abdalla wuxuu shaqeynayey dhowr iyo toban sano, waxaana ku qaabilay saraakiil socdaal Ingriis ah oo ku dhoweyd xadka koonfureed ee [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda]] sanadkii 1894-tii oo ku saabsan ballaarinta Jeneraal Ras Makonen oo wakiil ka ahaa Menelik II . Garaad Cabdalla oo ay weheliyaan hogaamiyeyaal kale oo badan oo ka tirsan British Somaliland sida Sultan Deria Hassan iyo Sheikh Madar waxay ka walwalsanaayeen duulaanka ba'an ee ciidamada Xabashidu ku bartilmaameedsadeen magaalada sii kordheysa ee [[Hargeysa]] iyo nawaaxigeeda. Garaadka waxaa la soo xiriiray Makonen labo sano un kadib isagoo ka codsaday isaga iyo Habr Awal inay ku biiraan Boqortooyada Itoobiya laakiin waa laga diiday. Garaad Cabdalla waxaa u yimid Suldaanka [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Beesha Habr Yunis]] markii ay abaaro soo food saareen, Habr Yunis wuxuu codsaday in la helo ceelasha Habr Awal si ay u waraabiyaan. Cabdala wuu ogolaaday codsigii laakiin qaar ka mid ah beeshiisa ayaa u haystay inuu yahay mid deeqsi badan isla markaana caawiya Habr Yunis iyadoo la tixgalinayo ladnaanta kaydkooda. Dadkaas waxaa ugu weynaa Askartiisa oo 15 jir ah. Markii qaar ka mid ah xisbiga Habr Yunis ay biyo yimaadeen, Askar ayaa soo dhex galay ceelka dhexdiisa raggiina waxay u diideen inay galaan. Waxaa lagu canaantay nacasnimadiisa waxaana loo sheegay inuu gees u leexdo oo uu adeeco rabitaanka aabihiis. Askar xanaaqsan ayaa toorey la dhacay ninka canaantay dagaalna wuxuu ku sigtay inuu ka bilowdo falkan. Baardheer Habr Awal oo caaqil ah kana yimid [[Bulaxaar|Bulhar oo]] lagu magacaabo Aami ayaa istaagay oo gabay ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|tiriyay]]'' : ''Erayada aad u tiro badan ayaa durba laga hadlay Yuunis ereyadiisa nacasnimada ah'' : ''Laakiin xukunka xaqa ahu wuxuu kuugu daahirsanaan doonaa sidii caadadii hore, oo nabad iyo sida buur oo kale u keenaysa'' : ''Dad aad kuugu dhow ayaa ku dhuunta dadka, cadaawayaashaada, laga soo bilaabo waqtiyadii hore ee xuska colaada'' : ''Haddii waqtigu yimaado markii aad ku indho beeshay khilaafku, ma ixtiraami lahayd'' : ''Si hagar la’aan ah, si kedis ah ayey kugu soo dul degeen'' : ''Dhamaan qabiilooyinka cadawga ah waxay maqleen warkaaga muranka ah'' : ''Sida gorgorrada oo kale, dhammaantood hunguriga ayey ka eegaan hilibkaaga!'' [[File:Habr_Awal_Warriors.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Dagaalyahanada beesha Habr Awal]] Dhinacyadiina waxaa taabtay hadalladiisii waxayna dhex-dhexaadiyeen khilaafkoodii. Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu gacantiisa siiyay mid ka mid ah gabdhihiisa gabyaaga si loogu abaalmariyo dadaalkiisa. Geeridii Cabdalla ka dib, wiilkiisii ugu weynaa ee Askar ayaa ka dambeeyay isaga oo noqday Garaad. Askar wuxuu ahaa nin fardooley ah oo xirfad leh wuxuuna la dagaalamay qaybaha koonfureed ee qabiilka kana soo horjeeday Dervishkii bilaabay duulaanka Habr Awal iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee gobolka. Sheekh Madar wuxuu isu keenay qaybaha waqooyi ee Habr Awal kuwaas oo ka duwan Ahmed Abdalla iyo in yar oo kale, oo inta badan deganaa xuduudaha [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] . Geeridii Askaar kadib walaalkii ka yaraa ee Diriiye wuxuu qaatay garaadka Garaadka oo wuxuu kaga duwanaa walaalkiis iyo aabihiis inuu aad diirada u saaro tabashooyinka bulshada Habr Awal maadaama mudo nabada ay dhowdahay kadib guuldaradii Dervishes, hoos u dhigida baahida dagaalka. . Diriiye waxaa la soo dersay loolan is barbar socda oo kaalintiisa ah sida Garaad iyo Habr Awal oo gadaashiisa isugu soo ururay oo iska caabiyey ninka iska dhigaya. Markii ugu dambaysay dhimashadii Diriiye, wiilkiisa Cabdulraxman ayaa la caleemo saaray oo wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Habr Awal ee isu muujiya sida 'Suldaan' halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Garaadka. Abdulrahman wuxuu aad ula mid ahaa aabihiis hase yeeshe wuxuu aad ugu firfircoonaa arrimaha maxmiyada. Markii Ciidagale isku dayay inuu weeraro Ciise Muusa, wiil uu dhalay Habr Yunis Sultan ayaa ku soo biiray duulaanka markii la eryanayay ragii duulaanka ahaa waa la dilay. Suldaanka Beesha Habr Yunis wuxuu u yimid C / Raxmaan si uu u xaliyo khilaafka wuxuuna rabey inuu ku qasbo Issa Musa inuu bixiyo ''magta'' wiilka Suldaanka. Sida ku cad ''[[Xeer|xeer-]]'' dhaqameedka Soomaalida soo celinta lama bixiyo markii mid la dilo isdifaacid. Sidaa darteed Ciise Muusa wuu diiday oo gaashaan buufintooda ku sameeyay isagoo diidaya xukunka Abdulrahman. Cismaan Haariyey oo hayb aahan kasoo jeedey ciise muuse ‘ abokor ciise ayaa abwaanku istaagey oo tiriyey ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|geeraarka]]'' soo socda oo ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|uu ku cadeynayo]]'' ixtiraamkiisa laakiin uusan ku raacsaneyn Suldaan Abdulrahman. Intaa ka dib Ciise Muusa wuu bixi lahaa oo wuxuu sii ambaqaadi doonaa inuu caleemo saaro Suldaankoodii ugu horeeyay, Suldaan Kooshin sanadkii 1949 isagoo xusayay madaxbanaanidooda walaalahooda weyn ee Sacad Musa. {{Verse translation|Ninka Qaaliya joogee Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo Ninka geeri qodaayiyo Ka qasaalaya geela Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo Wax ma qaybsan karaan? Suldaanow kuma caayin Ku canaannana maayo Ceebna kuu gudi maayo Calafna kaa sugi maayo Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo Cadradii gabadhiinna Marnaba kaa celin maayo Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon Caleentii boqor saarray baa Cuurkii Muuse Subeer Aakhiro u celinaaya|The man who stands in wealth Who harvests the millet The man who’s digging for death And the ones looking after the camels Oh Suldaan think about it Can they agree? Oh Suldaan I have not insulted you And I am not reprimanding you I am not compensating you for shame I expect no wealth from you The respect we give you The beautiful young women We will never take back from you Men who were like you Who we put leaves on as king Are keeping back The Muuse Subeer people|lang=so-Latn|attr1=Cismaan Haayirey ''Suldaanow Kuma Caayin''<ref>''War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86''</ref>}} Sannadkii 1955-kii, Sultan Abdulrahman Deria wuxuu xubin ka ahaa 4 wafdi oo isugu jiray siyaasiyiin iyo salaadiin u tagay [[London]], [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] . Hadafkoodu wuxuu ahaa inay codsadaan oo ay cadaadis ku saaraan Dowladda Ingiriiska soo celinta dhulkii lumay ee loo yaqaanay 'Haud Reserve Area' oo la siiyay Boqortooyada Itoobiya intii lagu jiray heshiiskii Anglo Ethiopian ee 1954. [[File:Isaaq_Sultans_Abdillahi_Deria_and_Abdulrahman_Deria.png|thumb|350x350px| Salaadiinta Abdulrahman Deria iyo Cabdillaahi Deria oo ku sugnaa London, 1955]] ''Siyaasadaha Imperial iyo Nationalism ee Gobonimada Somaliland, 1954-1960'', Taariikhyahan Jaamac Maxamed ayaa qoray:<blockquote>NUF waxay u ololeysay soo celinta dhulalka Somaliland iyo dibeddaba. Tusaale ahaan, bishii Maarso 1955, wafdi ka kooban Michael Mariano, Abokor Xaaji Faarax iyo Cabdi Daahir ayaa aaday magaalada Muqdisho si ay ugu guuleystaan taageerada iyo wada shaqeynta kooxaha wadaniyiinta ah ee Soomaaliya. Iyo bishii Febraayo iyo May 1955 wefdi kale oo ka kooban laba Suldaan oo dhaqameed ah ( Suldaan Cabdillaahi Suldaan Deria, iyo Suldaan Abdulraxman Suldaan Deria), iyo laba siyaasi oo qunyar socod ah oo wax ku soo bartay Galbeedka (Michael Mariano, Cabdiraxmaan Cali Maxamed Dubeh) ayaa booqday London iyo New York. Intii ay ku guda jireen socdaalkooda London, waxay si rasmi ah ula kulmeen oo ay kala hadleen arinta Xoghayaha Arimaha Gumeysiga ee Alan Lennox-Boyd. Waxay u sheegeen Lennox-Boyd heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya ee 1885-kii. Heshiisyada dhexdooda, Michael Mariano wuxuu sheegay, Dowladda Ingiriiska 'ma aysan qaadin waligeed inay dhiibto, iibiso, amaahda ama haddii kale wax ku siiso shaqo, marka laga reebo Dowladda Ingiriiska, qayb kasta oo ka mid ah dhulka ay iyagu deggan yihiin ama ay iyagu gacanta ku hayaan'. Laakiin hadda dadka Soomaaliyeed 'waxay maqleen in dhulkooda la siinayo Itoobiya iyada oo loo marayo heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia ee 1897'. Si kastaba ha noqotee, heshiiskaas wuxuu 'khilaaf ka taagnaa' heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya 'kaasoo mudnaanta laga siiyay' 1897-kii heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia [. ] Dawladda Ingiriisku 'way ka xoog badatay awoodeeda markay dhammeysay heshiiskii 1897 iyo ... heshiiska 1897 kuma xirna qabiilooyinka.' Suldaan Cabdillaahi waxa kale oo uu intaas ku daray in heshiiskii 1954 uu ahaa 'naxdin weyn oo ku dhacday dadka Soomaaliyeed' maadaama aan loo sheegin wadahadallada, iyo tan iyo markii ay dawladda Ingiriisku maamushay aagga ilaa 1941. Ergooyinku waxay codsadeen, sida uu yiri Suldaan Abdulrahman, dib u dhigista dhaqangelinta heshiiska si 'loo siiyo wafdiga waqti ay dacwaddooda ugu gudbiyaan' baarlamaanka iyo hay'adaha caalamiga ah. </blockquote> === Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed === Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Soomaaliyeed ee]] (SNM) wuxuu ahaa koox fallaago ah 1980- 1990kii. SNM markay ahayd 1981 aasaaskeedii [[London]] waxay u doorteen Axmed Maxamed Gulaid oo ka soo jeeda qabiilka Habr Awal inuu noqdo gudoomiyahoodii ugu horeeyey, kaasoo sheegay in ujeedada cad ee kooxdu ahayd inay afgembiyaan [[Siyaad Barre|taliskii]] militariga ee [[Siyaad Barre]] . <ref name="Metz">Helen Chapin Metz, ''Somalia: a country study'', Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.</ref> SNM waxay ka soo ururisay saldhigii ugu weynaa ee ay ka taageertay xubnaha beesha Isaaq, kuwaas oo aasaasay isla markaana taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa iyagoo ka jawaabaya sanado faquuqa nidaamsan ee ay ku timid dawladii Siyaad Barre. Xubnaha Beesha Habr Awal waxay ka koobnaayeen qayb lixaad leh hogaamiyayaashii iyo askartii SNM. Taliyayaasha Habr Awal waxay fuliyeen howlgalo badan oo guuleystey oo horseeday guushii ugu weyneyd ee kooxda iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre. Galbeedka Somaliland, kooxdani waxay si mug leh uga dhex muuqatay qaybta 99 ee [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed]] oo lagu aasaasay magaalada [[Gabiley|Gabilay]] iyadoo inta badan qeybaha kala duwan ee ciidamada ay ka kooban yihiin maleeshiyooyin ka soo jeeda deegaanka Jibriil Abokor oo ka tirsan beesha Sacad Muuse. Habr Awal oo xukuma gobolka [[gabiley]] . Qaybta 99-aad waxaa taliye u ahaa Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) oo ka tirsan Jibriil Abokor oo si guul leh u qabsaday gobolka [[Awdal]] isla markaana gabi ahaanba tirtiray joogitaankii [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|ciidamadii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] ee ku sugnaa gudaha [[Gabiley]] iyo [[Awdal]] kuna qasbay dadka deegaanka [[Gadabuursi|Gadabuursi ee]] degen gobolka [[Awdal]] inay u ballanqaadaan daacadnimo [[Somaliland]] . Isaga oo ahaa taliyihii qaybta 99, General Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Jidhif) waxa kale oo uu Saldhig Milatari ka sameeyey [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Somaliyeed]] magaalada [[Saylac]] halkaas oo ay [[SNM]] qabsatay gobolka Awdal muddo 4 sano ah isla markaana ay si guul leh uga adkaadeen isku daygii maleeshiyooyinkii USF ee daacadda u ahaa [[Jabuuti]] oo isku dayey inay ka faa'iideystaan. ee dhicitaankii Dowladii Milatariga ee Siyaad Bare 1991 kuna darsatay magaalada [[Saylac]] . Badhtamaha Somaliland, [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] iyo qaybtiisa Xuseen Abokor ee ka tirsan Sacad Muuse oo ka mid ah beelweynta Habr Awal waxay si guul leh uga xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee naxariis darada ahaa waxayna door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen SNM halka ay ka xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Faraweyne]] . Isla mar ahaantaana, Qaybta Ciise Muuse ee uu hoggaamiyo Korneyl Ibraahim Dhagaweyne waxay xoreeyeen dekedda istiraatiijiga ah ee [[Berbera]] iyo magaalada taariikhiga ah ee Sheekh . Kadib aasaaskii [[Somaliland]] 1991. Ganacsatada Habr Awal ayaa maalgeliyey lacagtii ugu badnayd halkaas oo ay ugu deeqeen malaayiin doollar si ay uga helaan halgamayaashii SNM raashin, agab iyo qalab darajooyin milatari ah. Magaalooyinka ganacsiga ee Habr Awal sida [[Berbera]] iyo [[Wajaale]] waa halka laga helo hubka ugu badan ee laga soo waariday iyada oo maalqabeenada Habr Awal ee ganacsatada ah ay ciidamadii SNM u suurto gashay inay helaan hub ku filan. Beesha Habr Awal waxay door laxaad leh la qaadatay SNM waxayna ka mid ahaayeen aasaasayaashii la qadarin jiray. Waxay sidoo kale dhisay [[Somaliland]] hay'adaha siyaasadeed 's dhulka hoostiisa xeerka aaya madaxweynaha 2aad Somaliland ee [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Cigaal]] . Muddadii 9-ka sano ahayd ee uu [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha ka ahaa Somaliland]], Cigaal wuxuu ku guuleystey inuu hub ka dhigis ku sameeyo kooxaha kacdoonka maxalliga ah, dejiyey dhaqaalaha gobolka waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland, iyo inuu xiriir ganacsi oo aan rasmi ahayn la yeesho dalalka shisheeye. Waxa kale oo uu soo bandhigay [[Shillin Somaliland|shilinka Somaliland]], baasaboor iyo [[Calanka Somaliland|calan]] cusub oo dib loo [[Calanka Somaliland|naqshadeeyay]] . Intaa waxaa dheer, Cigaal abuuray [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Hubaysan Somaliland Ciidamada]], ugu waxtarka badan [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ciidamada qalabka sida tan lakal oo ka mid ah [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|Ciidamada Qaranka Soomaaliya]] ee 1991 List of caan jeeday Awal SNM Taliyeyaasha ( Mujahids ). * Kornayl Cabdilaahi Askar Barkhad * Cabdikariim Xaashi Cilmi * Adan Dhamah * Aadan Shiine * Axmed Jaamac Sabban (Janan Oogo) * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid * Axmed Dhagax * Axmed Ibraahim (Raage Bidaar) * Axmed Golhaye * Ahmed Mohamed Hasan (Ahmed Japan) * Cali Gurey * General Cali Xuseen Cabdi * korneyl maxamud wadaad * Korneyl Xasan Yoonis Habane * Gen haybe Axmed Guure (Haybe Laambad) * Xaamud Ibraahim yaasin’sabanle’ * Professor Ibrahim Meygaag Samatar * Ibraahim Dhagaxweyne * Sheekh Ibraahim Madar * Maxamed Cilmi Samatar Galan * Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) * Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi * Maxamed Xasan (Gacmo Dheere) * Kornayl Cumar tooray * Mahdi Cali Faarax * Kornayl [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] * Sheekh Yuusuf Cali Sheekh Madar * Yaxye Xaaji Ibraahim * korneyl cawil haad qadiye * Korneyl maxamed uraaga ‘ride’ * korneyl Talaata codle * cabdilaahi cuddo * muj Garwaaf * muj jaamac dhidaro * muj jaale diid * muj ciise curaagte == Geed Qabiil iyo Nasab == Beesha Isaaq-reeraha, qabaa'ilka ka kooban qaybaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo minka ah, sida ku cad abtirsiinta. Qeybta koowaad waxay u dhaxeysaa faracyadan ay ka dhasheen wiilasha Sheekh Isxaaq haweeney reer Harari ah - oo ah Habr Xabuusheed - iyo kuwa ku abtirsada wiilasha reer Sheekh Isxaaq oo ay dhashay haweeney [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ah oo ka soo jeeda Beesha Magaadle ee [[Dir]] - Habr Magaadle. Xaqiiqdii, inta badan qabiilooyinka ugu waaweyn ee reeraha-qoysku waa dhab ahaan isbahaysiyo ilmo-galeenka sidaa darteedna magaca "Habr" oo macno ahaan u leh [[Af Soomaali|Soomaaliga]] qadiimiga ah "hooyo". Tan waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka soo socda ee qabiilka. <ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> Falanqaynta DNA-da ee xubnaha Habr Awal ee degan Jabuuti waxay ogaadeen in dhamaan shakhsiyaadka ay ka tirsanyihiin bayaan-hoosaadka EV32 ee Y-DNA E1b1b aabbaha haplogroup. Geed qoys oo kooban oo ka mid ah qabiilooyinka waaweyn ee Habr Awal ayaa lagu soo bandhigay halkan hoose. <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2021-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307053718/https://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Habr_Awal_woman.png|right|thumb|298x298px| Naagtii Habr Awal ee reer Berbera, 1884]] * Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed Al Haashimi (Sheekh Isxaaq) ** ''Habr Jeclo'' *** Axmed (Tol-Ja'lo) *** Muuse (Habr Jeclo) *** Ibrahiim (Sanbuur) *** Muxammad ('Ibraan) ** ''Habr Magaadle'' *** Ismaaciil (Garxajis) ****Habar Yonis ****Ciidagale *** Ayuub *** Muxammad (Arap) *** '''Cabdiraxmaan''' ( '''Subeer awal''' ) ==Sacad Muuse== * Sacad Muse *****Abdirahman Sa'ad *****Abdalla Sa'ad *****Hassan Sa'ad ******Abdalla Hassan *****Isaaq Sa'ad ******Makahil *******Nuh Makahil *******Abokor Makahil *******Cumar Makahil *******Mohammed Makahil *******Hassan Makahil ********Ali Hassan ********Jibril Hassan ********Rooble Hassan ********Osman Hassan *******Mohammed Isaaq (Abbas) *******Isse Isaaq (Ciise Carab) *******Musa (Ase) Isaaq *******Yeesif Isaaq *******Abokor Isaaq ********Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan) ********Abdalla Abokor ********Hussein Abokor *********Osman Hussein (Cismaannada) *********Jibril Hussein **********Ismail Jibril ***********Nuh Ismail ************Yunis Nuh (Reer Yunis Nuh) *************Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon) *************Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh) *************Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid) *************Mohammed Yonis ************Ahmed Nuh (Reer Ahmed Nuh) ***********Said Ismail ************Abdalla Said *************Samatar Abdalla (Reer Samatar) *************Abane Abdalla (Reer Abane) *************Ahmed Abdalla (Reer Ahmed Abdalla) ***********Abdalla Ismail ***********Ali Ismail ***********Idris Ismail (Bah Gobo) ***********Muhumed Ismail (Waran'ad) ***********Yonis Ismail (Bah Gobo) ***********Yusuf Ismail ********Jibril Abokor *********Adan Jibril (Bahaabar Adan) *********Ali Jibril **********Omar Ali ***********Abeeb Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Abtidon Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Adan Omar ***********Hussein Qawa Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Sahal Omar (Baha Omar) ***********Yonis Omar (Dugeh) ***********Ismail Omar ************Barre Ismail *************Hareed Barre (Reer Hareed) ************Dalal Ismail (Reer Dalal) ************Geedi Ismail 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Omar) ************Hoosh Ismail (Baha Omar) ************Higgis Ismail ************Idris Ismail ************Ollow Ismail ************Samatar Ismail ************Qayaad Ismail (Baha Omar) *********Hassan Jibril *********Mohamed Jibril (Deriyahan) *********Yonis Jibril (Reer Yonis) **********Muuse Yonis ***********Cabdi Muse Yonis **********Caraale yonis **********Caynaashe Yonis **********Urkurag Yonis ***********Adan Urkurag ************Omar Adan ************Ali Adan ************Ahmed Adan == Ciise Muuse== ***** Aadan Ciise ****** Jibriil Aadan ******* Mohamoud Jibril ******* Xasan Jibriil ******* Ibraahim Jibriil ******* Ismaaciil Jibriil ***** Abokor Ciise ******Hasan Abokor *******Balle Hasan *******Muse Hasan ***** Idarys Ciise ****** cabdi waadhor ******* reer daahir ******* reer hayaan ****** Cali waadhor ***** Maxamed Ciise ****** Mukhtaar Maxamed ****** Xasan Maxamed ******* Jibriil Maxamed ******** Cumar Jibriil ******** Abokor Jibriil ******** Yoonis Jibriil ******** Muuse Jibril ********* Cali Muuse ********** Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal) ********** Wacays Cali (Reer Wacays) ********** Abane Ali (Reer Abane) ********** Haduu Cali lahaa (Reer Had) ********** Xildid Cali (Reer Hildid) ******* Cabdiraxmaan Muuse ******* Abdulle Muuse ******** Cabdalle Cabdulle (Cabdalle Qoyan) ******** Xasan Cabdulle ********* Axmed Xasan (Dhogori) ********* Deriyahan Xasan == Tirooyin caan ah oo saameyn ku leh == * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska.]] * weriye-qoraa Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay Al Jazeera English sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh ITV News]] Beeshu waxay soo saartay qaar ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu caansan uguna saameynta badan taariikhda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo hoos ku taxan: * Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Cali Kooshin, oo ah suldaanka guud ee guud ee maanta beelaha Ciise Musse . * [[Cabdilahi Timocade|Cabdillaahi Suldaan Maxamed Timacade]], oo loo yaqaan "Timacade", oo ah gabyaa caan ah xilliyadii ka hor iyo ka dib gumeystihii * Abdulrahim Abby Farah, Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha-Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay 1979–1990 iyo Wakiilka Joogtada ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya u fadhiya Qaramada Midoobay 1965–1972. * Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid, Waa Duqa hada ee [[Hargeysa|Caasimada Hargeysa]], caasimada Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]] . * Cabdishakuur Ciddin Waa Duqa hadda ee magaalo-madaxda [[Berbera]] ee [[Saaxil|Saaxil,]] Gobolka [[Saaxil|Somaliland]] . * [[Cabdulmajid Xuseen|Abdul Majid Hussein]], Dhaqaaleyahan, Wakiilkii hore ee Joogtada ahaa ee Ethiopia u fadhiyey Qaramada Midoobay, 2001-2004. Hogaamiyihii xisbiga Ethiopian Somali Democratic League (ESDL) ee deegaanka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida]] [[Itoobiya]] intii u dhaxeysay 1995-2001. * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid, wuxuu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed,]] wuxuuna ahaa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto guddoomiyaha ururka Oktoobar 1981. * Axmad Girri bin Xusain, lammaanaha midig ee Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ( [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmed Guray]] ) iyo [[Imaam Axmed Guray|jeneraal]] sare oo reer [[Saldanadii Cadal|Adal ah]] oo hogaamiya ciidan fara badan oo ka dhan ah boqortooyadii Abasiiniya . * [[Axmed Cawke|Axmed Xasan Cawke]], Suugaanyahan Soomaaliyeed oo weriye ah oo idaacadda ka hadla. Wuxuu ahaa ruug-caddaa ka tirsanaa BBC World Service, Codka Mareykanka, TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland, [[Horn Cable TV|Telefishanka Horn Cable]], [[Radio Muqdisho]] iyo Universal TV sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa afhayeenkii madaxweynihii hore ee [[Siyaad Barre]] xilligii [[Siyaad Barre|dowladdii]] Milatariga ahayd . <ref name="Ahmed Hasan Awke">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030219/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Axmed Yasiin|Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin]], wuxuu ahaa [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland|Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka Somaliland]] intii u dhexaysay 2002 ilaa 2010. iyo Guddoomiyihii Labaad ee xisbiga UDUB. * Cali Cabdi Faarax, Wasiirkii hore ee Isgaarsiinta iyo Dhaqanka ee [[Jabuuti]] * Ali Feiruz, ayaa ku dabaaldegay fanaaninta [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] ee [[Jabuuti]] iyo [[Soomaaliya]] * Gaarriye (wuxuu dhashay Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac), abwaan caan ah oo curiyay mid ka mid ah gabayada ugu caansan af soomaaliga ee ku saabsan mowduuca dib u heshiisiinta, "Hagarlaawe". * [[Xuseen Bisad|Hussain Bisad]], waa mid ka mid ah ragga adduunka ugu dheer, waa 2.32 m (7&nbsp;ft 7 1⁄2 gudaha). Wuxuu leeyahay taako gacmeedka ugu weyn ee qof nool. * Ibraahim Dheere, Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay bilyaneerkii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed iyo qof [[Soomaalida|Soomaali ah oo]] adduunka ugu taajirsan oo hantidiisa lagu qiyaasay 1.8 bilyan oo Doollarka Mareykanka ah. <ref name="Ibrahim Dheere">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005650/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * Ismaaciil Axmed, milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee WorldRemit oo ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha ugu xawliga badan adduunka, waxaana loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan Britain. <ref name="Ismael Ahmed">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2019-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102170310/https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo ah siyaasi halyeey [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] . Raiiselwasaarihi ugu horeeyey [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|ee Soomaaliya]] : 1960, 1967 - 1969. [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha Somaliland]], 1993–2002. * Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin 'Ogsadey', oo ah maalqabeen ganacsade Soomaaliyeed ah kuna nool dalka Itoobiya, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay MAO Harar Horse, oo ah shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Afrikaan ah ee dhoofisa kafeega isla markaana uruurisay hanti ku dhow $ 3 Billion oo Birta [[Birr (lacag)|Itoobiya ah]] . * Maxamed Cabdullaahi Oomaar, wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda Soomaaliya * Maxamed Xasan C / laahi, oo hore u ahaa Madaxa Shaqaalaha ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida]] ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Somaliland]] * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska. Waxaa sidoo kale loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay orodyahanka adduunka ugu wanaagsan ee maaratoonka. * Cabdi Haybe Laampad Ruug-caddaa Majaajiliiste Soomaaliyeed oo ka mid ah majaajiliistayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee abid ugu wanaagsanaa. * Maxamed Cumar Carte, Raiisul Wasaare kuxigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya. * Muxammad Xawaadle Madar, [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya]] intii u dhaxeysay 3-dii Sebtember 1990-kii illaa 24-kii Janaayo 1991 * [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]], sarkaal hore oo militari ah wuxuu soo qabtay Gaashaanle Sare ee Ciidanka Cirka Soomaaliya iyo tan iyo bishii Diseembar 2017. Madaxweynaha Hada Jira [[Somaliland]] . * Nuux Ismaaciil Taani, oo hadda ah Taliyaha Shaqaalaha ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland * Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay [[Al Jazeera English]] sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh [[Wararka ITV|ITV News]] * [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Umar Arteh Ghalib]], [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Raiisel]] Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, 1991–1993; wuxuu keenay Soomaaliya [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] 1974 xilligii uu ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya, 1969-1977; madaxweynihii hore ee Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay; macalin iyo abwaan * [[Sheekh Madar|Sheekh Madar Axmed Shirwac]], oo lagu tiriyey koritaankii hore ee Hargeysa == Tixraacyo == [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Isaaq]] [[Category:Taariikhda Somaliland]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rxw03zpmgt1e8s3gfrt67wuo3li905u 0 35271 268953 263661 2024-12-01T23:31:48Z 121.6.179.169 268953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|Name=Onda|Birth_name=Jo Se-rim 조세림 <br> 조세림|Associated_acts=[[Everglow]]|Years_active=2019–hada|Instrument=Cod|Genre=[[K-pop]]|Occupations=[[K-pop idol|Idol]]|image=20240127 Everglow Amsterdam concert 035 Onda.jpg|caption=Jo ee 2024|birth_date={{birth date and age|2000|05|18|}}}}'''Jo Se-rim''' ([[Hangul]]: 조세림; Maajo 18, 2000) oo loo yaqaan '''Onda''' (온다), waa heesaa Koonfur Kuuriya ah xubinna ka ah kooxda gabdhaha [[Everglow]]. Waxa kale oo ay caan ku tahay inay hore ugu tartantay Idol School.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%98%A8%EB%8B%A4(EVERGLOW)/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%8C%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90?from=%EC%98%A8%EB%8B%A4%28%EC%97%90%EB%B2%84%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EC%9A%B0%29%2F%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%8C%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90 |access-date=2022-01-24 |archive-date=2022-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124174953/https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%98%A8%EB%8B%A4(EVERGLOW)/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%8C%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90?from=%EC%98%A8%EB%8B%A4%28%EC%97%90%EB%B2%84%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EC%9A%B0%29%2F%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%8C%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Tix == 0jb2oyapl45sqo3911l6aulft4fci76 0 37536 268948 265712 2024-12-01T19:35:09Z Hassan ahmed ali12 39526 Fixed typo 268948 wikitext text/x-wiki The Reer Mahad is a Somali sub-clan descending from the Cumar Maxamuud, a major branch of the Majeerteen clan. The Reer Mahad is well-regarded for its influence in Somali history, culture, and commerce. Its members are predominantly found in the Mudug region, with Galkayo serving as their primary urban center. The sub-clan has produced notable figures, including President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, a pivotal leader in Somali politics. ni9bo1efism3fxl0rak929z3puppyz3 268949 268948 2024-12-01T19:36:16Z Hassan ahmed ali12 39526 Fixed typo 268949 wikitext text/x-wiki mahan qabiil jira aflet4d8f4fvd93elcojuim6cqa1nj8 0 40901 268960 268404 2024-12-02T10:26:09Z Girligaanshub 30687 Girligaanshub moved page [[Xer gaar]] to [[Xayr gaar]] 268404 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Punk Cubano.jpg|right|thumb|dadka xerta Punk ku adeega, xer gaar ama xer-dhaqameed gaar ayey leeyihiin]] '''Xer gaar''' ({{lang-en|''subculture''}};) ama xer-dhaqameed, waa koox dad ah oo xubno ka ah oo ku jira bulsho weyn, kuwaas oo wadaaga hab nololeed gaar ah, dhaqan, ama fikirro kaga duwan kuwaas oo ka dhigaya inay ka duwan yihiin bulshada guud ama dhaqanka guud qaranka ay kijiraan. Xer gaar ama xer-dhaqameed, inkastoo ay layihiin dhaqan iyo mabdacyo ee ka duwan dadyowga ay ki jiraan badankood mabda'yada qaarkood waa la wadaagaan.<ref> Hovey, Jaime (2007). "Sexual subcultures". In Malti-Douglas, Fedwa (ed.). Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender. Macmillan Social Science Library. Vol. 4. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 1372–1374. ISBN 9780028661155. OCLC 922889305.</ref> Waxay ku muuqatay siyaabo kala duwan sida qaabka labiska, muusiga, luuqadda, ama hab-dhaqanka. Subculture-yadu badanaa waxay sameystaan jawaab ka dhan ah caadooyinka bulshooyinka waaweyn, iyagoo bixiya qaab nololeed kale ama muujinaya mucaarad ka dhan ah qiyamka bulshada guud. Waxaa laga yaabaa inay noqdaan kuwo ku meel gaar ah ama kuwa waara, waxayna soo saari karaan isbeddel iyadoo ay saameyn ku yeeshaan ama ay saameyn ku helaan dhaqanka weyn ee bulshadu.<ref> Goldstein-Gidoni, Ofra. "Producers of 'Japan' in Israel: Cultural appropriation in a non-colonial context." Ethnos:Journal of Anthropology 68.3 (2003): 365.</ref> Tusaalooyin ka mid ah subculture-yada waxaa ka mid ah bulshooyinka punk, goth, skater, ama hip-hop, kuwaas oo leh qaab nololeedyo, falsafado, iyo dhaqamo gaar ah. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, subculture waa koox dad ah oo bulsho weyn dhexdeeda ka jira, kuwaas oo wadaaga qiyam, dan, iyo hab-dhaqan gaar ah, kuwaas oo ka duwan waxa guud ee bulshada dhexdeeda. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Dhaqanka Soomaalida]] 13eifglc2xabtu2tzts7z0r4qld7h5e 268962 268960 2024-12-02T10:26:43Z Girligaanshub 30687 268962 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Punk Cubano.jpg|right|thumb|dadka xerta Punk ku adeega, xayr gaar ama xayr-dhaqameed gaar ayey leeyihiin]] '''Xayr gaar''' ({{lang-en|''subculture''}};) ama xayr-dhaqameed, waa koox dad ah oo xubno ka ah oo ku jira bulsho weyn, kuwaas oo wadaaga hab nololeed gaar ah, dhaqan, ama fikirro kaga duwan kuwaas oo ka dhigaya inay ka duwan yihiin bulshada guud ama dhaqanka guud qaranka ay kijiraan. Xayr gaar ama xayr-dhaqameed, inkastoo ay layihiin dhaqan iyo mabdacyo ee ka duwan dadyowga ay ki jiraan badankood mabda'yada qaarkood waa la wadaagaan.<ref> Hovey, Jaime (2007). "Sexual subcultures". In Malti-Douglas, Fedwa (ed.). Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender. Macmillan Social Science Library. Vol. 4. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 1372–1374. ISBN 9780028661155. OCLC 922889305.</ref> Waxay ku muuqatay siyaabo kala duwan sida qaabka labiska, muusiga, luuqadda, ama hab-dhaqanka. Subculture-yadu badanaa waxay sameystaan jawaab ka dhan ah caadooyinka bulshooyinka waaweyn, iyagoo bixiya qaab nololeed kale ama muujinaya mucaarad ka dhan ah qiyamka bulshada guud. Waxaa laga yaabaa inay noqdaan kuwo ku meel gaar ah ama kuwa waara, waxayna soo saari karaan isbeddel iyadoo ay saameyn ku yeeshaan ama ay saameyn ku helaan dhaqanka weyn ee bulshadu.<ref> Goldstein-Gidoni, Ofra. "Producers of 'Japan' in Israel: Cultural appropriation in a non-colonial context." Ethnos:Journal of Anthropology 68.3 (2003): 365.</ref> Tusaalooyin ka mid ah subculture-yada waxaa ka mid ah bulshooyinka punk, goth, skater, ama hip-hop, kuwaas oo leh qaab nololeedyo, falsafado, iyo dhaqamo gaar ah. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, subculture waa koox dad ah oo bulsho weyn dhexdeeda ka jira, kuwaas oo wadaaga qiyam, dan, iyo hab-dhaqan gaar ah, kuwaas oo ka duwan waxa guud ee bulshada dhexdeeda. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Dhaqanka Soomaalida]] 425f289gcxauxmv0n00jgfcfie3zgip 0 40937 268961 2024-12-02T10:26:09Z Girligaanshub 30687 Girligaanshub moved page [[Xer gaar]] to [[Xayr gaar]] 268961 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Xayr gaar]] r2rcfvo19l90q2wlec2gnnugmbdlobw