Yezhoù kartvelek

Diwar Wikipedia, an holloueziadur digor



Image:32px-Labour_zo.png Ar pennad-mañ n'eo ket peurechu c'hoazh ; ma fell deoc'h labourat warnañ deuit da welout ha lakait hoc'h ali e pajenn ar gaozeadenn.


Ur skourr eus ar yezhoù kaokazek eo ar yezhoù kartvelek, anvet ivez yezhoù kaokazek ar su.

Komzet e vezeont dreist-holl e Georgia, ha nebeutoc'h ivez e Turkia, Iran, Azerbaidjan, Rusia hag Ukraina.

It includes the following languages:

  • Georgian (Kartuli): the official language of the republic of Georgia, with about 7.5 million native speakers. Of these, there are 4 million are in Georgia (90% of the population of this country), about 100,000 each in Turkey and Russia, and smaller communities in Iran and Azerbaijan, and Ukraine);
  • Grouzineg (Gruzinit, Kivruli, also called Judæo-Georgian): the language of the Gruzim, the ancient Jewish community of Georgia. Today the language has about 85,000 speakers: 60,000 in Israel; 10-20,000 in Georgia; 5,000 in the United States and undetermined numbers in Canada, Russia and Belgium. It is sometimes regarded as a variant of Georgian, modified by the inclusion of large numbers of Hebrew and Aramaic loanwords. It is often written using the Hebrew alphabet.
  • Megrelian or Mingrelian (Megruli in Georgian, Margali in Megrelian), with approximately 300,000 native speakers, mainly in the Samegrelo region of Western Georgia and enclaves in the autonomous republic of Abkhazia;
  • Laz (Lazuri or Chanuri), with about 120,000 native speakers (1998), of which at least 90,000 live in the Black Sea littoral area of Northeast Turkey (Pazar (Atina), Ardeşen and Fındıklı (Viče) districts of Rize; Arhavi and Hopa districts of Artvin) ( Large immigrants settled in Istanbul, Ankara, Sakarya, Kocaeli and possibly other districts of Turkey also speak the language.) and 30,000 in Georgia. Other speakers are found in the provinces of Erzurum and Ardahan of modern Turkey (formerly the regions of Tao-Klarjeti and Artaani of Georgia);
  • Svan (Svanuri in Georgian, Lushnu in Svan), with approximately 40,000 native speakers in the northern mountainous region of Georgia.

Georgian and Gruzinic are the only languages of this family that are commonly written—Georgian, with an original and distinctive alphabet. Georgian is also the secondary spoken language and the main literary language for Svan and Megrelian speakers, and for the Laz in Georgia. The oldest surviving literary text dates from the 5th century AD.

These languages are clearly related but, with the exception of Georgian and Gruzinic, they are not mutually intelligible.

No relationship with other languages (not even other Caucasian languages) could be proven so far, though some linguists consider the South Caucasian languages related to Indo-European and other languages via the hypothetical Nostratic language family.

[kemmañ] Gwelet ivez

[kemmañ] Liammoù diavaez