Սմարթֆոն
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Սա անավարտ հոդված է։ Դուք կարող եք օգնել Վիքիփեդիային՝ ուղղելով և լրացնելով այն։ Այս նշումը հարկավոր է փոխարինել համապատասխան թեմատիկ նշումով։ |
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[խմբագրել] Սահմանում
Ժամանակի հետ ավելի ու ավելի բարդ է դառնում սահմանել, թե ինչ է նշանակում «Սմարթֆոն»։ Սմարթֆոնները շատ հաճախ պարզապես բարձր գնի բջջային հեռախոսներ են։ Այսպիսով հեռախոսի սմարթֆոն լինել-չլինելը բավականին խիստ կապված է գնի հետ։ Էլ-փոստի հետ բոլոր հնարավորություններով աշխատելը սովորաբար դիտարկվում է որպես անհրաժեշտ պահանջ։
Այսոր համարյա բոլոր բջջային հեռախոսները ունեն PDA - ի որոշակի հատկություններ, ինչպիսին են հեռախոսահամարների գիրքը, օրագիրը, և այլն։ Ավելին՝ BREW և Java ME սարքերը թույլ են տալիս հավելյալ ծրագրերի տեղադրումը, բայց չեն համարվում սմարթֆոներ։Template:Fact. There are many BREW devices with PDA functionality, the ability to run third-party applications in native code and sporting displays as large as 240x320 pixels; yet they are not considered "smartphones". Because of the constant increase in capabilies of all mobile phones, smartphones seem to be best defined as being the higher-end mobile phones. A non "smart" mobile phone may be referred to as a Feature Phone, a Dumb Phone, etc..
Fundamentally, these seem to be the common traits: Smartphones are voice-centric devices (voice is the primary function, data is secondary) that offer PDA-like capabilities, whereas PDAs or Personal Communicators (such as most BlackBerries) may offer voice capabilities, but they are data-centric. Smartphones are generally capable of one-handed operation, while PDAs generally require use of both hands. But it can be argued that this definition based on the device's "focus" may fail, as devices integrate more features [2].
Smartphone features tend to include Internet access, e-mail access, scheduling software, built-in camera, contact management, accelerometers and some navigation software as well as occasionally the ability to read business documents in a variety of formats such as PDF and Microsoft Office.
[խմբագրել] History
The first smartphone was called Simon designed by IBM in 1992 and shown as a concept product that year at COMDEX, the computer industry trade show held in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was released to the public in 1993 and sold by BellSouth. Besides a mobile phone, it also contained a calendar, address book, world clock, calculator, note pad, e-mail, and games. It had no physical buttons to dial with. Instead customers used a touch-screen to select phone numbers with a finger or create facsimiles and memos with an optional stylus. Text was entered with a unique on-screen "predictive" keyboard. By today's standards, the Simon would be a fairly low-end mobile phone.
The Nokia 9000, released in 1996, was marketed as a Communicator, but was arguably the first in a line of smartphones. The Ericsson R380 was sold as a 'smartphone'[3] but could not run native 3rd party applications. Although the Nokia 9210 was arguably the first true smartphone with an open operating system, Nokia continued to refer to it as a Communicator.
Although the Nokia 7650, announced in 2001, was referred to as a 'smart phone' in the media[4], and is now called a 'smartphone' on the Nokia support site[5], the press release referred to it as an 'imaging phone'[6]. The term gained further credence in 2002 when Microsoft announced its mobile phone OS would thenceforth be known as "Microsoft Windows Powered Smartphone 2002"[7].
Out of 1 billion camera phones to be shipped in 2008, Smartphones, the higher end of the market with full email support, will represent about 10% of the market or about 100 million unitsTemplate:Fact.
[խմբագրել] Operating systems
The most common operating systems (OS) used in smartphones are
- Symbian OS from Symbian Ltd.
Symbian has the largest share in most markets worldwide, but lags other companies in the relatively small but highly visible North American market[8]. This matches the success of its largest shareholder[1] and customer, Nokia, in all markets except Japan. Nokia itself enjoys 44.5% of the smartphone market[9]. In Japan Symbian is strong due to a relationship with NTT DoCoMo, with only one of the 44 Symbian handsets released in Japan coming from Nokia[10]. It is used by all the major handset manufacturers, including Motorola, Samsung, LG, and BenQ[11]. It has received some adverse press attention due to virus threats (actually trojan horses)Trojan Horses.
Linux is strongest in China where it is used by Motorola[12], and in Japan, used by DoCoMo[13]. Rather than being a platform in its own right, Linux is used as a basis for a number of different platforms developed by several vendors, including Motorola and TrollTech, which are mostly incompatible[14][15]. PalmSource (now Access) is moving towards an interface running on Linux[16]. Another platform based on Linux is being developed by Motorola, NEC, NTT DoCoMo, Panasonic, Samsung, and Vodafone[17].
- RIM BlackBerry operating system
This OS is focused on easy operation and is mainly designed for business. Consumer-class smartphones devices are the ones to run on RIM OS.
- Windows Mobile from Microsoft
Windows CE operating system along with Windows Mobile middleware are widely spread in Asia. The two improved variants of this operating system, Windows Mobile Crossbow and Windows Mobile Photon will be released in second half of 2007 and in the first half of 2008 respectively. The first one will support Exchange Server 2007, Outlook 2007, and Windows Vista. The HTML support will assure more fonts and graphics. The interface will resemble Microsoft Exchange Server (used in business operations). Some of the system's vulnerable points are low customization and high cost if compared to Linux.
- Palm OS developed by PalmSource (now a subsidiary of ACCESS).
PalmSource traditionally used its own platform developed by Palm Inc. Access Linux Platform (ALP) is an improvement that is planned to be launched in the first half of 2007. It will use technical specifications from the Linux Phone Standards Forum. The Access Linux Platform will include an emulation layer to support applications developed for Palm-based devices.
Apple has announced its intention to use a version of its Mac OS X operating system for the forthcoming iPhone. Two versions of Mac OS X are currently in planning process: Mac OS X Tiger and Mac OS X Leopard (coming up, spring 2007). The first is already in use and it supports HTML e-mail, Web browsing, and applications identical to ones on Mac computers (widgets, Safari, calendar, text messaging, notes, and address book). Mac OS X Leopard will include automated backup and restore, do-it-yourself widgets, and advanced search. Apple's iPhone will run one or both versions. Mac OS X distinguishes by its high level of stability. However there are registered incompatibilities among OS variants.
Dual-OS handsets have also been announced, such as the FIC Neo1973 which may run OpenMoko or Windows Mobile.
In 2006, Canalys worldwide published actual sales numbers for smartphones for Q3 2006 [18]. These ranked
- Symbian with 72.8% of the smartphone market,
- Linux with 16.7%,
- Windows Mobile with 5.6%,
- RIM with 2.8%,
- Palm OS with 1.8%.
TNS Infratest (Germany) carried out a survey which included 263 potential byers. All of them planned to purchase a smartphone within the next six months. The survey showed that 49% expressed no preference as to their smartphone OS. 26% preferred Windows Mobile, 11% Symbian and 10% Palm OS[19].
[խմբագրել] Comparison table
A selection of smartphones [20]
Model | OS | Size | Weight | Screen resolution | Keyboard | Camera | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apple iPhone[2] | Mac OS X | 81cc | 135g | 320x480 | Soft | 2mp | Accelerometer |
HTC P3300[3] | Windows Mobile | 105cc | 130g | 240x320 | Soft | 2mp | GPS |
Motorola RIZR Z8[4] | Symbian | 77cc | 112g | 240x320 | Numeric with T9 | 2mp | |
Nokia 5500 Sport[5] | Symbian | 87cc | 103g | 208x208 | Numeric with T9 | 2mp | Accelerometer, heart rate features |
Nokia E61i[6] | Symbian | 114cc | 150g | 320x240 | Full Qwerty | 2mp | |
Nokia E90 Communicator[7] | Symbian | 150cc | 210g | 800x352 & 240x320 | Full Qwerty and Numeric with T9 | 3.2mp | GPS |
Nokia N95[8] | Symbian | 110cc | 120g | 240x320 | Numeric with T9, Multimedia | 5mp | GPS |
Palm Treo 700p[9] | Palm OS 5 | 151cc | 180g | 320x320 | Full Qwerty | 1.3mp | |
RIM BlackBerry Pearl[10] | Blackberry OS | 77cc | 90g | Numeric with SureType | 1.3mp | ||
RIM BlackBerry 8700c[11] | Blackberry OS | 149cc | 134g | Full Qwerty | No | ||
RIM BlackBerry 8800[12] | Blackberry OS | 105cc | 134g | Full Qwerty | 1.3mp | ||
Samsung SGH-i607 BlackJack[13] | Windows Mobile | 76cc | 106g | 320x240 | Full Qwerty | 1.3mp | |
Sony Ericsson P990[14] | Symbian | 162cc | 150g | 240x320 | Full Qwerty, Numeric with T9, Soft | 2mp | |
Sony Ericsson W950i[15] | Symbian | 86cc | 112g | 240x320 | Numeric with T9, Soft | No |
All the above phones support Push e-mail. The Apple iPhone is not expected to be open to all 3rd party developers, except through limited functionality 'widgets'.
[խմբագրել] Major manufacturers
- Nokia
- High Tech Computer Corporation
- Palm Inc
- Samsung Electronics
- Research in Motion Limited (RIM)
- Mio Technology
- Hewlett-Packard
- Gigabyte
- Kyocera
- Group Sense PDA
- Sony Ericsson
- qtek
[խմբագրել] See also
Template:Wiktionarypar
- List of smartphones
- Microbrowser
- BlackBerry
- Palm OS
- Danger Hiptop
- Windows Mobile
- Symbian OS
- S60 platform
- Information appliance
- Camera phone
- Videophone
- List of Motorola mobile telephones
[խմբագրել] References
- ↑ Smartphone definition
- ↑ What exactly is a smartphone
- ↑ Ericsson R380
- ↑ Nokia 7650
- ↑ Nokia Support Site
- ↑ Imaging Phone
- ↑ Windows Powered Smartphone
- ↑ North American Market
- ↑ Nokia's Share of the Msartphone SLips
- ↑ Symbian Facts
- ↑ Symbian
- ↑ Technology News Daily
- ↑ Docmo
- ↑ OS News
- ↑ Search Mobile Computing
- ↑ Running on Linux
- ↑ Motorola
- ↑ Sales Numbers
- ↑ Palm OS
- ↑ Best Selling Smartphones
- "Best Selling Smartphones". www.realgeek.com (2007-01-03). Retrieved on 2007-01-22.