Attack on Pearl Harbor
From Wikipedia
ᎯᎠ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ Japanese ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ Ꮝ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏑᎾᎴᎢ ᎤᎾᏙᏓᏆᏍᎬ, ᎥᏍᎩᏱ 7, 1941 (Hawaii iyuwakodi, ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᎢᏳ ᎢᎪᎯ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ, ᎤᎾᏙᏓᏉᏅᎯ, ᎥᏍᎩᏱ 8 ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏰᎵ). ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᎯᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ, Oahu, Hawaii, ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ aimed ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ Ꮝ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏜ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ.
ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏂᎬᎢ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅ 12 ᏴᏩᏁᎬ warship, ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅ 188 aircraft, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏥᎸᎩ 2,403 ᏴᏩᏁᎬ servicemen ᎠᎴ 68 ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏦᎢ aircraft ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏥᏳ ᏗᏔᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎩ undamaged, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ alenvdidsv ᎤᏤᎵ ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴᎢ ᎪᎢ ᎠᏟᏍᏙᏗ ᏒᏙᏂ ᏕᎦᎶᎨᏒ, ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎠᏓᎯᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎪᏢᏅᏙᏗ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ. ᎬᏗᏍᎬᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎦᎷᎩ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏰᎵᏆ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎤᏓᏗᏅᏓ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ.
ᎪᎯ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎯᎠ "ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ" ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ "ᏓᎾᏟᎲ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ" ᎠᎴ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᎯᎠ "ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ" ᎠᎴ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾᏊ "ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ".
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Template:Mainarticle Template:Catmore1 ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ Meiji ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ, ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᎠᏰᎵ embarked ᎾᎿ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎠᎳᏏᏅᏙᏗ, ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᏚᏃᎯᏍᏔᏍᎧ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᎵᏂᎬᏁᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ EuropeᎠᎴ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎠᎺᎵᎨn ᏄᎾᎳᏂᎬᎬ. ᎯᎠ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏚᏃᎯᏍᏔᏍᎧ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᏫᎧᏁᏉᎬ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎳᏏᏅᏙᏗ ᎠᎨᏔᏗᏍᏗ ᎧᏁᏉᎩ ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ ᏂᎬᏩᏍᏛ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎦᎷᎩ.
ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ executing ᎪᎯ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᏰᎵ embarked ᎾᎿ ᏎᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ Ꮎ ᎠᏲᎸᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᎾᎯ ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏩᏗᏒ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᎦᎾᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1894 ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎩᏒᎩ ᎠᎨᏔᏗᏍᏗ Taiwan, ᎠᎴ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᏙᏗ Russia ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1904 ᎾᎥᎢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏁᏉᏤᎸ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎴ yvwatuwidv ᎠᎦᎾᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ Korean ᎦᏙᎯ. ᎤᎶᏐᏅ WWI, ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ awarded ᎠᏰᎵ ᏄᎾᏰᎯᏍᏛᎾ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᎠᏓᏥ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎠᎴ colonies ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏅ ᎧᎸᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎠᎹᏱ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1931, ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᏂᎴᏱᏗᏍᎩ imposed "ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᎮᎯ" ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Manchuria ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ Manchukuo.
ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ 1910 ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎯᎠ 1930s ᎯᎠ ᏙᏱᏗᏢ ᎦᏚᎲ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎤᏜᏅᏛ militarized, ᎤᎲᎢ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎡᏆ ᎠᎴ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ (ᎯᎠ ᏦᎢᏁ ᎤᏔᏂᎢᏍᏗ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ iyuwakodi) ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1937, ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎡᏆ-ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎠᏴᏍᏙᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎦᎾᏫᏗᏍᎩ, ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Manchuria ᎠᎴ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏗᎪᏍᏓᏱ ᎨᎳᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᎾᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎠᎹᏳᎸᏗ.
ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ, ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.., ᎯᎠ UK, Australia ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ Netherlands ᎦᎪ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᏧᏁᏉᏨ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎧᎸᎬ Asia ᏂᎦᎸᏉᏛᎾ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎠᎦᎾᏫᏗᏍᎩ, ᎠᎴ responded ᎬᏙᏗ ᏂᎦᎸᏉᏛᎾ ᎠᎴ atogiyadv ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ. ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᎦᏍᎦᏂ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎫᏰᏉᏂ 1939, ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. upped ᎯᎠ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎾᎥᎢ terminating ᎯᎠ 1911 Ꭴ../Japanese ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᏓᎾᏅᏗ; ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎤᏓᏎᎮᎸᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏒᎧᎵ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎾᏅᎡᏁᎲ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎲᏓ ᎧᎵᏗᎳᏏᏗ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎠᏍᏚᏗ ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴ embargoes. ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎵᏱᎸᏛ Ꮝ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ togiyadv dunilvwisdanehv ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎦᎾᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏬᏪᎳᏅᎩ ᎯᎠ Anti-Comintern ᏓᏓᏁᏤᎸ ᎬᏙᏗ Nazi Germany, ᎢᎬᏱ ᎦᏰᎯ ᎠᎵᏍᏆᏗᏍᎬ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎠᏯ ᏓᎾᏩᏄᏁᎯ, ᎠᎴ declaring ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᏧᏁᏉᏨ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1940, ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏬᏪᎳᏅᎩ ᏦᎢᏁ ᏓᏓᏁᏤᎸ ᎬᏙᏗ Nazi Germany ᎠᎴ Fascist Italy ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎨᏛᏍᏛᎢ ᏄᎾᎳᏂᎬᎬ.
ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᏗᎵᏖᎸᏗ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎾᎿᎢ embargoes ᎾᎿ ᎠᎬᎭᎸᏓ ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᎦᏂᏱᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎨᏐᎵᏂ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏚᏗ ᎯᎠ Panama ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ Japanese ᎠᏂᎪᏍᏙᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎤᎵᏱᎸᏛ worsen, ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1941 ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏓᏅᏒ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎢᏗᏢ Indochina. ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎦᏬᎯᎵᏴᏓ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳᏛᎯ Japanese ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᏂᎬᎿᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏕᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎪᎢ ᎠᏣᏪᏐᎸᏍᏙᏗ.[1] ᎪᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏗᎦᎾᏗᏫᏍᏗ resource, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Ꮝ ᎣᏤᎵ ᏓᏓᏁᎭ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᎠᎴ 80% ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎪᎢ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ..[2]
atogiyadv ᏄᏍᏛ ᏚᎾᎵᏃᎮᎸ climaxed ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏁᎦᎸ ᎤᎦᏔ ᎠᏓᏚᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ ᏅᏓᏕᏆ 26, 1941, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᎵᏣᏙᎲᏍᎩ Hideki Tojo ᏄᏍᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᎸ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏗᏎᎯᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗ. ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏕᎬ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᎴ UK ᏗᏔᏲᏍᏗ -- ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᎦᏐᎯ ᎡᎳᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Ꮝ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎦᎾᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ dagatuwisdisgv ᎡᏍᎦᏂ, ᎠᎴ ᏫᎬᎵᏱᎴᎬ ᎬᏙᏗ Ꮝ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᏁᎸᎣᏙᏗ. ᎡᎯᏍᏛ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎠᏓᏲᎱᏎᎲ ᎠᏍᏓᏯ-ᎤᏓᏠᏒᎢ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎬᏩᎫᏍᏓᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᏕᏯᏍᏗ ᎡᎳᏗ ("ᎤᏲᎱᏎᎸ ᎤᎧᏛ") ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ perceived ᎠᏓᎾᏄᎳᏗ Ꮝ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎫᏓᎸᏙ posed ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᏄᎾᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎦᎪ controlled ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎠᎴ/ᎠᎴ ᎧᎸᎬ Asia, ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ Hirohito ᏚᏭᎪᏔᏅ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂᏯᎨ ᏗᏓᏁᏤᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏑᏰᏒ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎦᏬᎯᎵᏴᏓ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ embargoes ᎠᎴ uncooperation ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᎬᏙᏗ Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏐᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎨᏛᏍᏛᎢ ᏄᎾᎳᏂᎬᎬ. [3]
ᎾᎿ ᏚᎵᏍᏗ 4, 1941, ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᏔᎵ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᏓᎾᎵᏃᎮᏍᎬᎢ ᎤᏁᏙᎸ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ, ᎯᎠ Japanese ᏗᏎᎯᏍᏗ ᏚᎾᏠᏒ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᏛᏂᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏃᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᏂᎦᎥ ᎠᏰᎵ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏚᏭᎪᏔᏅ Ꮎ:
ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᏓᎳᏏᏛ, ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏰᎸᏛᎢ ᎣᏩᏒ-defence ᎠᎴ ᎣᏩᏒ-ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎥ, ᏫᎵ ᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏓᏄᏩ ... [ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ] ... ᎠᎵᏁᎩ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎠᎾᎩᏍᏗ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ, ᎡᏆ Britain ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ Netherlands ᎢᏳᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ. ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᏓᎳᏏᏛ ᏫᎵ ᎠᎵᎪᏁᏗ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏰᎵᏊ atogiyadv ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ--ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᎴ ᎡᏆ Britain, ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᎠᎵᏂᎬᏁᏗ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎤᏓᏎᎦᏤᏗ ... ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ Ꮎ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ Ꮭ ᎤᏚᎩ ᎦᎬᏗ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᏗᏔᏲᏍᏗ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᏚᎾᏠᏒ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᏍᎪᎯ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᎦ ᏚᏂᏃᏗ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎯᎠ atogiyadv ᏄᏍᏛ ᏚᎾᎵᏃᎮᎸ ᎤᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ, ᎢᏧᎳ ᏫᎵ ᎾᏞᎬᏊ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎠᎴᏅᏗ ᏓᎾᏩᏄᏁᎯ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ, Britain ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ Netherlands.
[edit] Japanese ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ
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ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᏓᏕᏲᏅ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᏥᏍᎪᏯ Cunningham ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏥᏰᎶᎲ ᎠᎵᏁᎩ ᎪᏪᎵ (ᎯᎠ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ Taranto), ᎭᏢᏃ 20 ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ-ᎠᏗᏅᏓ ᏥᏳ (Fairey Swordfish) launched ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎢᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎩᎵᏏ alenvdidsv ᎾᎾᎢ Alexandria ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎢᏴ ᎯᎠ Italian ᏓᎾᏟᎲ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏩᏌᏙᏴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏏᏅᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ Italian ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎣᏂᏗᏢ Naples. ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ Isoroku Yamamoto dispatched ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᎠᏂᎧᎻᏏᏂ Italy, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᏆᏛ Ꮎ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᏲᏍᏛ-ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᎲ ᏅᎬᎪᏔᏅᎯ Cunningham ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏥᏍᏓᎷᎩᏍᎩ ᎠᎵᏖᎸᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎦᏐᎯ California, ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎲ iyuwakodi ᎠᎵᏂᎬᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ "ᎡᏆ ᎢᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎧᎸᎬ Asia ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ-ᎣᏍᏛ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏘ" -— ᎠᏃᏪᎵᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᎨᏔᏗᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎢ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ ᎯᎠ Dutch ᎧᎸᎬ Indies, ᎬᏙᏗ ᏄᎾᏰᎯᏍᏛᎾ ᎤᎵᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅ yvwatuwidv ᎠᏂ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎧᎻᏏᏂ ᎢᎦᎷᎦ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏕᎵᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏅᏬᏓ ᎠᏓᏟᏒᎢ ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ Cunningham ᎤᏤᎵ boffins ᎠᏰᎲ ᏄᎵᎶᎲᏍᎬᎾ.
ᏗᎦᏟᏌᏅᎯ, ᎢᎦᏛ Japanese ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ influenced ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎵᏖᎸᏗ Ꭴ.. ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ Yarnell ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ 1932 ᎤᏫᏢ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ-ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏁᎵᏒ ᎠᏴᏍᏙᏗ Hawaii. Yarnell, ᏓᎾᏁᎶᎲᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎡᎲ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ, ᎤᏂᎩᏒ ᎤᏤᎵ aircraft ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎤᏕᎵᎬ ᎢᏗᏢ Oahu ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏐᏅ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ, ᎠᎴ launched 'ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ' ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏑᎾᎴᎢ ᎤᎾᏙᏓᏆᏍᎬ, 7 ᎧᎦᎵ 1932. ᏗᏄᎪᏗᏍᎩ ᏓᏥᏲᎯᏎᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎪᏪᎶᏗ Ꮎ Yarnell ᎤᏤᎵ aircraft ᎨᏒᎩ ᏰᎵᏆ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᎵᏖᎸᏗ ᎤᏢᏲᎵᏍᏗ 'ᎤᏲᏨᎯ' ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ, ᎦᎪ ᎨᏒᎩ ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ ᎦᎷᏨ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ 24 ᎢᏧᏟᎶᏛ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ. ᏄᏍᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ ᎯᎠ iyuwakodi (ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᏃᎵᏍᎬᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ) ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏅ Ꮎ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ battleship ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ stationed ᎾᎾᎢ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ, ᎠᎴ dismissed Yarnell ᎤᏤᎵ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ impractical ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎡᎶᎯ.
Yamamoto ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1941, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᎠᏰᎵ (ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᏓᎾᏄᎳᏗ ᎠᏑᎳᎪᎢᏍᏗ), ᎤᏓᏅᏖᎸ ᎠᎩᏍᏗᏱ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎡᎵᏒᎢ ᎠᎴᏅᏗ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎦᏰᎯ ᎠᏛᏂᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎨᏲᎲᏍᎬ. ᎯᎠ ᏂᏕᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎨᏱ (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ) ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎠᎴᏅᏙᏗ ᎪᎯᎤᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᏓᎾᎵᏃᎮᏍᎬᎢ (ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ) ᎠᎴ ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎪᎯᎤᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏄᏓᎴ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᏓᎾᎵᏃᎮᏍᎬᎢ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏅᏓᏕᏆ.
ᎯᎠ ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎥᏓᏓᎫᏴᎡᏗᏱ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ, ᎢᏳᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎢᎬᏱᏊ ᎦᏰᎯ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎤᎾᏛᏁᎸᏗ-ᎠᏯᏖᎾ, ᎾᎥᏂᎨ-ᎠᎵᎪᏁᏗ coordinated ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏩᏗᏒ. Yamamoto ᎤᏩᏒᎠᏍᎦᏯ utugi uwasv Ꮎ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᏁᏉᎢᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ tohi adedi ᎠᎵᏖᎸᏗ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎠᏢᏔᎲᎢ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏗᏎᎯᏍᏗ Japanese ᎠᏓᏌᎳᏙᏗ. ᎠᎴᏅᏙᏗ ᎠᏛᏂᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᏓᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎾᎯᏴ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏃᎸᏔᏂ 1941, ᎠᎴ, ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ factional infighting, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏎᎸᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏛ ᏗᎫᎪᏔᏅ worthwhile. ᎠᎨᏲᎲᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎨᏥᏅᏏᏓ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ-ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ depended ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎾᎿ torpedoes, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ iyuwakodi ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᎹ ᎤᏯᎾᏛᏁᏗ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᏃᎴ-launched. ᎪᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏓᏚᎯᏌᏘ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏅᏬᏓ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ dredged ᎤᎶᎯᏍᏗ. ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎨᏱ 1941, ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ tested ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ Ꮎ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ utugi uwasv ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏗᏙᎳᏤᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏅᏬᏓ ᎠᎹ ᎪᎭᏍᎬ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᎪᏗ 95 ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ inflicted ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ Ꭴ.. ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ. Japanese ᎠᎾᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ technicians ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏤᎵᏛ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ-ᎤᏴᏢ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏰᎵ ᎢᎩᏛ ᏂᎦyeli igidv nigallisdisgv ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᎾᎿ 14 ᎠᎴ 15 ᎢᏯᏏᏔᏛ (356 ᎠᎴ 381 mm) ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᎦᎶᏇ ᎤᏯᏍᎦ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎨᏒᎩ ᏰᎵᏆ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᏴᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ armored alenvdidsv battleships ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎤᏬᎭᏒᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ 10,000 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ (3,000 m), ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᏅᏌ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎯᏯ ᎠᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗ ᎠᏂ.
ᎾᎿ ᏅᏓᏕᏆ 26 1941, ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᏑᏓᎵ aircraft ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩᎠᏓᏁᏤᎸ ᎾᎥᎢ Japanese ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ Chuichi Nagumo ᎠᎦᏍᎦᏂ Hitokappu ᎥᏓᎵ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Kuril ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎹᏰᎵ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᎾᏓᏅᏍᎬᎢ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᎯᏌᏛ ᎦᏬᏂᏍᎩ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏩᎦᏛ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ Hawaii.
ᎯᎠ aircraft ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎩ: Akagi, Hiryu, ᎧᎦ, Shokaku, Soryu, ᎠᎴ Zuikaku. ᏔᎵ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ battleship, 2 ᎦᎨᏛ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ, 1 ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ, 9 ᎠᏲᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ 3 ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎤᏒᏙᏂᎠᏓᏁᎳᏅ ᎤᏓᏘᏅᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᎲ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ 423 ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ Mitsubishi ᏗᎦᎪᏗ 0 "ᏭᎶᏒᏍᏛ ᎤᏴᏜ" ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ, Nakajima ᏗᎦᎪᏗ 97 "Kate" ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ bomber, ᎠᎴ Aichi ᏗᎦᎪᏗ 99 "Val" ᏗᎵᎬᏯᏍᏗ bomber. ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᎲ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ Ꮝ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅ aircraft ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ-ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ. ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎨᏒᎩ 8 tankerᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ refueling. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏌᎳᏙᏗ Expeditionary ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ 20 ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎤᏒᏙᏂᎠᎴ ᎯᏍᎩ ᏔᎵ-ᎠᏍᎦᏯ Ko-hyoteki-ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ midget ᎤᏒᏙᏂ; ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎦᏟᏐᏗ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎢᎦᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ Ꭴ.. ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ Ꮎ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᎳᏘᏍᏗ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ.
[edit] ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ
Ꭴ.. ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎠᏂᏌᏙᏯᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎲ, ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏂ, ᎣᏍᏛ ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᏗ ᎠᏂᏁᎢᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᏗᎦᏟᏌᏅᎯ Japanese ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏅᎯᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎨᏱ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ. ᎧᏂᎩᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎧᎵ ᏗᎪᎥᎯ ᎤᏓᏎᎮᎸ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ. ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ ᏗᏂᎴᏱᏗᏍᎩ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᎸ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ Ꮎ ᎪᎨᏱ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ Hawaiian ᎪᏪᎵ ᏗᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅ, ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏁᏉᏨᎯ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᎸ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏚᎾᏙᎷᏩᏛᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ. ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᏅᏓᏕᏆ, ᏂᎦᏛ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎠᏓᏁᏤᏗ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Hawaii, ᎨᏒᎩ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎠᏓᏓᏰᏙᏗ Ꮎ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ utugi uwasv ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎤᏩᎫᏗᏗᏒ. ᎠᎴ, ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᏂᎦᎥ Marshall ᎠᏓᏅᏒ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ-ᏓᏄᏩ ᎾᎿ ᎥᏓᏘᏃᎯᏎᏗ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎧᎵ ᏗᎪᎥᎯ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Hawaii, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏴᏍᏙᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎧᏂᎩᏛ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎤᏁᏉᏨᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏅᏓᏗᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ. ᎠᏰᎲ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏔᏅ lyadvnehi ᎬᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ, ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ resisted ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗᏱ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏎᏱᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ. ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ Ꮎ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ: anti-aircraft ᎠᎾᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ manned, ᏗᏍᏓᏲᏍᏙᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ locked ᎡᎳᏗ, anti-ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ implemented (Ꮭ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᏚᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅ, ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏄᎵᏍᏛ), ᎠᏥᎡᏗᏱ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᎦᏎᏍᏛᎢ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎦᏃᎯᎸᏒ, ᎠᏯᏩᏍᏗ aircraft ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏗ.
Ꭴ.. ᏂᎬᎢ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ, ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏂᎬᎢ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎤᏤᎵ OP-20-G ᏌᏊᎭ, intercepted Japanese atogiyadv ᏓᏓᏅᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ Japanese ᎥᏝ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ, ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎧᏂᎩᏛ ᎠᏫᏛᏓ ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏊ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ tactical ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᏗ. ᏗᏗᎦᎴᏴ ᎪᎯ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏂᏙᏓᎳᎬᎾ ᎠᎴ confusing, ᎠᎴ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ ᏭᏚᎸᏛ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Japanese ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏓᏓᏅᏓᏁᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎪᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏰᎵ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ. ᎾᎾᎢ ᎣᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ (ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏕᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ) ᎯᎸᏍᎩ, ᎢᏯᎨᎵᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᏗᎦᎴᏴ (ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏙᏗ). ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏓᏅᏒ ᏂᎦᏛ Ꭴ.. ᎠᏂᏌᏙᏯᏍᎩ ᎠᏓᏁᏤᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎾᎿ ᎥᏓᏘᏃᎯᏎᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎣᏂᏱᏳ ᏅᏓᏕᏆ 1941. ᎦᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏛᏏᏒ ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᏗ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ ᎢᏤ dadanetlivysegv Japanese ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᎾᎿᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᏗ ᏗᎪᏍᎩ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ.
ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏓᏓᏰᏙᏗ Ꮎ ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᎾᏓᏎᎮᎸᎩ Ꮎ ᎤᏅᏬᏓ-ᎠᎹ ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ ᎤᏃᎴ launches ᎨᏒᎩ ᏰᎵᏊ, ᎠᎴ Ꮭ ᏌᏊ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Hawaii ᎠᏂᎧᎵ ᎤᏓᎵᎮᎵᏤᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏂᏰᎩ posed ᎾᎥᎢ ᎢᏤ ᏚᎾᏙᎷᏩᏛᎲ. utugi uwa Ꮎ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏂᎬᏩᏍᏛ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ (e.g., ᎤᏅᏬᏓ ᎠᎹ), ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ unulvngi ᎤᏚᏃᎯᏍᏔᏍᎧ ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᏚᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ ᏗᎫᎪᏔᏅ ᏄᏓᎨᏒ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎠᏥᏰᎶᎲ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎡᎳᏗ ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴ. ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎤᏛᏅᎩ ᏍᏆᎳᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ-ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴᎢ ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ, ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎤᎦᏎᏍᏛᎢ (ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ) ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ eligwa igai coverage, ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎩ ᏰᎵᏊ. ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ iyuwakodi ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᎾᏚᏓᎸ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ, ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎨᏲᎲᏍᎬ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎤᏟ ᎬᏰᎸᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᏒ ᎬᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ Ꮝ ᎢᎦᎢ anti-aircraft ᏗᎦᎶᏇ ᎨᏒᎩ stowed, ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏍᏓᏲᏍᏙᏗ locked ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ armories. ᏗᏓᏅᏗᏍᏙᏗ upsetting ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᏂᎬᎿᏅ ᎤᎾᏤᎵᎢ, ᎠᏰᎵ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎯ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᎶᏇ ᏗᏗᎦᎴᏴ yvwatuwidv ᎯᎠ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ alenvdidsv (ᎠᏯ.e., ᎾᎿ ᎤᏤᎵᏓ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᏂᎬᎿᏅ).
[edit] ᏓᎵᏆᎵᏍᎬ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏚᎾᎵᏃᎮᎸ
ᎢᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᏓᎵᏆᎵᏍᎬ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏚᎾᎵᏃᎮᎸ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ 30 ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏔᏬᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ. ᎤᎵᏌᎳᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᏗᏤᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Washington, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎦᏄᏎᏓ, ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ Kichisaburo Nomura, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵᏛ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎩ Saburo Kurusu, ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎾᏛᏁᎲ ᎧᏁᏉᏛ ᎦᏬᏂᏍᎪ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏂᏰᎸᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎥᏓᏓᎫᏴᎡᏗᏱ (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ) ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎯ Indochina ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎨᏱ.
ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᎦ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᎦᏅᎯᏓ multi-ᎢᎦᏛ ᎥᏓᏘᏃᎯᏎᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏓᏅᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏤᎢ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏅ ᏕᎨᏒ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Tokyo (encoded ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎩᎨᏍᏗ cryptographic ᎪᏢᏅᏙᏗ), ᎬᏙᏗ ᏗᎾᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎦ ᏩᎯᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏗᎪᏪᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ Cordell ᎤᏁᎦᎸ ᎤᎦᏔ ᎾᎾᎢ 1 PM Washington iyuwakodi (ie, ᎣᏍᏛ ᏦᏍᎪᎯ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏔᏬᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏎᎸ ᎢᏳᎢ ᎠᎴᏅᏗ). ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ decryption ᎠᎴ typing ᎪᎯᏗᏍᏗ, ᏗᏤᎢ ᏑᏓᎴᎩ unulvngi ᏩᎯᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎥᏓᏘᏃᎯᏎᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎪᎥᎯ iyuwakodi. ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂ ᎢᎦᏛ, ᏓᎵᏆᎵᏍᎬ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏚᎾᎵᏃᎮᎸ ("ᎠᎬᏂ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎵᎪᏒ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎡᏆ Britain ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏩᏗᏒ ᎢᎬᏯᏗᏢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏓᏁᎸᏔᏅ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏢᏒᎢ nvwato hiyadv ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏁᏝᎾ ᎢᏤ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎧᎸᎬ Asia ... ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ, ᎯᎠ ᎣᏍᏛ ᏕᎫᎪᏛ ᎤᏚᎩ ᎬᏗ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ Japanese-ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᏚᎾᏓᏚᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎧᏁᏉᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ nvwato hiyadv ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎠᎵᎪᏒ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᎭ ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏛ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎤᎴᎾᎯᏛ"), ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏩᏅᎯ ᏗᎪᏪᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎦᎸ ᎤᎦᏔ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏧᏟᎶᏛ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ.
ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᏰᎲ decrypted ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᎥᏓᏘᏃᎯᏎᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᏗᏤᎢ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᎸ , ᎠᎴ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎤᏍᏆᏛᎩ typed ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ decrypt ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᏛᎩ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ decryption ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎬᏙᏗ Ꮝ ᏗᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ iyuwakodi ᎠᏓᏁᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ prompted Gen. George Marshall ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏗᎦᏃᏣᎵ ᎾᎿ Hawaii Ꮎ ᏑᎾᎴᎢ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎯᏯ ᏩᏅᎯ, ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏲᎵ Japanese-ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏙᎯ, Gen. Walter ᏍᏆᎳᎢ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏧᏟᎶᏛ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᎵᏍᏗᏅ. ᎯᎠ ᎪᎯᏗᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ ᎦᎷᏨ ᏂᎦᎥ Marshall ᎤᎶᏐᏅ decryption ᎠᎴ ᎠᏁᏢᏔᏅᎯ (ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ atsinuqowisgv ᎠᎩᎸᎥᏍᎬ), ᎤᏦᎠᏎᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴᎢ ᏗᏛᎪᏔᏅ iyahdvnelidasdi, ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᏩᏗᏱ ᎾᏍᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏧᏦᎠᏎᏗ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ Ꮝ ᎡᏙᎵᏙᎲ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᏓᎾᏅᏗ ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ ᏍᏕᏱᏛ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ. ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ Ꮝ "ᎤᏚᎳᏗ" ᏓᏃᏪᎵᏍᎬ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ Ꮝ ᎡᏙᎵᏙᎲ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏬᎯᏛ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏗᎦᏟᏌᏅᎯ ᎢᏧᏟᎶᏛ.
Japanese ᎪᏪᎸ, ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏔᏅ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎪᎯᏳᏙ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎠᏛᎩᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ, ᎪᏢᏅ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎠᏰᎲ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎪᏪᎳᏅᎯ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏓᏄᏩ iyuwakodi ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᎾᏛᎦᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ. Ꮎ ᏔᎵ-ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏓᏄᏩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏛ ᏩᏅᎯ Ꭴ.. ᎦᏄᏎᏓ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Tokyo ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ 10 ᎢᏧᏟᎶᏛ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎲ ᏩᏗᏱ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎭᏢᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᎩᏒᎩ ᎣᏂᏱᏳ ᎤᎾᏙᏓᏉᏅᎯ ᏒᎯᏰᏱᏗᏢ.
[edit] ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ
[edit] ᎯᎠ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ
ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᏗᏍᏓᏲᏍᏗ fired ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ casualties ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎯᏯ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ USS ᎠᏥᎦᏘᏯ attacked ᎠᎴ sank midget ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎾᎾᎢ 06:37 Hawaiian iyuwakodi ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎤᏩᎪᏘᎶᏛ ᎤᎦᏎᏍᏛᎢ ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᏴᏍᏙᏗ. ᎯᏍᎩ Ko-hyoteki ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ midget ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᏓᏥᏲᎯᏎᎸ ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ Ꭴ.. ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᎤᏂᎩᏍᏔᏅ. ᎧᏂᎩᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏐᎯ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏅᎩ atsinuqowisgv ᎯᎠ ᎯᏍᎩ ᎤᎭ ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᏍᎪᎯ ᎠᏜ ᎠᏦᏗᏱ ᎯᎠ ᎯᏍᎩ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ, ᏐᏁᎳ ᎤᏲᎱᏒ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ survivor, Kazuo Sakamaki, ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ captured, ᏗᎾᏙᎳᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎠᎱᏥ ᏓᏄᏩ captured ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎧᏬᎳᏕᏍᎬ. ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᏧᎾᏕᏲᏗ photographic ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ nadvndhvgi ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1999 ᎠᎾᏓᏎᎮ ᏌᏊ midget ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᎸ ᎠᏴᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ fired ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ USS ᏭᏕᎵᎬ Virginia. ᎯᎠ ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᏚᏂᏲᏍᎬ ᎪᎯ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᎧᏁᎳ.[4]
ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏑᎾᎴᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ Opana ᎪᏍᏓᏱ radar ᎤᎴᏫᏍᏗ detected ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏦᎠᏎᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎢᏤ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎯ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ lyadvnehi ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎠᏰᎵ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏅᏬᏗ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏂᎦᎥᏇ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎢᏳᏊ ᎠᎪᎲᎢ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎯ ᏁᎵᏒ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎷᎯᏍᏗ 6 Ꭴ.. B-17 bombers ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᎠᏓᎾᏅᏗ ᎠᏂᎪᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎤᎭ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ "ᏓᎦᏘᎴᎬ" ᎦᏬᏂᏍᎩ ᏓᏓᏅᏓᏁᎸ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᎦ. ᎯᎸᏍᎩ Ꭴ.. aircraft ᎨᏒᎩ ᏗᏍᏓᏲᏍᏗ ᎡᎳᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ approached ᎦᏙᎯ; ᏌᏊ, ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ, radioed ᎾᏍᎩ ᏯᏛᎾ tohi adedi ᎾᎿ. ᏐᎢ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒᎩ ᏙᎢ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ processed, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏘᏴ ᎦᎫᏍᏛᏗᏱ, ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎯᎠ ᎫᏢᎥᏍᎬ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ forewarnings ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ interpreted ᎠᎧᎵᏬᎯ. ᎯᎠ ᏂᏚᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ Japanese achieved ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Philippines ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎠᏰᎲ 10 ᎢᏧᏟᎶᏛ ᎾᎿ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎠᏰᎲ attacked ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ.
ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎾᎾᎢ 07:53 7 ᎥᏍᎩᏱ Hawaiian iyuwakodi, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ 03:23 ᎥᏍᎩᏱ 8 ᎠᏰᎵ ᏰᎵᏊ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ iyuwakodi. ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ attacked ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏔᎵ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ 353 ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ ᏭᎷᏨᎩ Oahu. ᎦᏂᏰᎩ ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ bombers ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᏓᏍᏟᏁᎦ 183 ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ, ᎠᎵᏖᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎢᏳᏊ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ (ᎤᏚᎩ ᎤᏩᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ) aircraft ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ battleships ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᏗᎵᎬᏯᏍᏗ bombers attacked ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎤᏃᎴ ᏗᎳᏗ ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ Oahu, ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎬᏙᏗ Hickam ᏠᎨᏏ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏔᏂᎢᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏓᏆᎴᎷ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏠᎨᏏ, ᎯᎠ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ alenvdidsv. ᎯᎠ 170 ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᏓᏍᏟᏁᎦ attacked ᏗᏦᏔᏍᏙᏗ ᏠᎨᏏ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᏐᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎽᏰᎵ, ᎠᏜ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᎤᏃᎴ alenvdidsv ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎢᎦᏛ P-36 ᏔᏬᏗᎠᎴ P-40 WarhawkᎾ ᎤᎳᏫᏛᎲ 25 ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗᎠᎴ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ anti-aircraft ᎠᏥᎸ.
ᎯᎠ ansigaya ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ awoke ᎯᎠ ᏚᏃᏴᎬ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ exploding ᎠᎴ cries "ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ" ᎠᎴ "ᏂᎦᏛ ᏧᏃᏰᏂ ᎾᎿ alenvdidsv, ᎢᏧᎳ're ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ bombed." ᎦᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎷᎶᎩ ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ locked ᏗᏍᏓᏲᏍᏙᏗ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ, undispersed aircraft, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏑᏓᎴᎩ ᎦᎪ ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᎸ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵᏛ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ. ᎣᏂᏗᏢ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ Isaac C. Kidd, ᎠᎴ ᏗᏓᏘᏂᏙᎯ Franklin ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ Valkenburgh, ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ ᎯᎠ USS Arizona, ᎢᏧᎳ ᎤᏩᏅᏨ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏒᏢᎢ Arizona ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏎᎮᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏳ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ, iyuwakodi ᎢᏧᎳ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏥᎸᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏗᏍᏓᏲᏍᏙᏗ ᎪᏪᎵ ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ, ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ-ᎤᏴᏢ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᏐᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎠᏓᎸᎾᏍᏗ ᎦᎶᏇ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ. ᎢᏧᎳ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ awarded ᎯᎠ ᎠᎧᏁᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏥᎸᏉᏗ. ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ Joe Taussig ᎤᎩᏒ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏥᏳ, ᎯᎠ USS Nevada, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏲᎱᏒ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ. ᎠᏲᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᎩᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏅᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎯ onboard, ᏂᎦᏛ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ, ᎧᏂᎩᏛ ᎦᎪᏃ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ. Ꮎ ᏥᏳ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏅᎩ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᎦ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ Ꮝ ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎯ ᎦᏂᏴᏛ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ. ᏗᏓᏘᏂᏙᎯ Mervyn Bennion, ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ Virginia, tohinusdv ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ansigaya ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ iyuwakodi ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏰᎳᏍᏗ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᎠᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗ ᎠᏦᏗᏱ ᎯᎠ USS ᏖᎾᏏ, ᎪᏢᏒᎢ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ. ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢᏍᏗ aircraft ᎠᏓᎯᏍᏗ adatudi ᎤᏪᏅᏒ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎯᎠ USS Tautog, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎤᏛᏅᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ attacker downed. ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏗᎦᏃᏣᎵ ᎨᏒᎢ Doris "Dorie" ᏗᏍᏙᏍᎩ, African-ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏓᏍᏓᏴᎲᏍᎩ ᎠᏦᏗᏱ ᎯᎠ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ Virginia, ᎦᎪ ᎤᏪᏅᏒ ᎤᏗᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏯᏅᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎤᎩᏒᎩ ᎠᎨᏔᏗᏍᏗ ᏌᏊ anti-aircraft ᎦᎶᏇ, ᎾᎿ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎠᏰᎲ Ꮭ ᎠᎨᏲᎲᏍᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ, ᎡᎳᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᏌᏊ, ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᎨᏒᎩ hitting ᎤᏤᎵ ᏥᏳ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ awarded ᎯᎠ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏓᏓᎿᏩᏍᏛ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏂᎦᏛ, 14 ᎠᏜ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎯ ᎨᏒᎩ awarded ᎯᎠ ᎠᎧᏁᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏥᎸᏉᏗ. ᎤᏤᎵᏛ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏗᎫᎪᏔᏅ, ᎯᎠ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᎾᎵᎮᎵᎬ ᎠᎧᏁᏍᏙᏗ, ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏥᏁᏤᎸ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ lyudetiyvda ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ.
ᏐᏁᎳᏍᎪᎯ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏔᏬᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ, ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ. 2,403 ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᎴᎾᎯᏛ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎠ (ᎦᎪᏃ 68 ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᏥᎸᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ anti-aircraft ᎤᏯᏍᎦ ᎦᎶᏍᎬ ᎦᏐᎯ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ Honolulu), ᎠᎴ ᎤᏗᏗᏢ 1,178 ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏥᏐᏅᏅᎯ. ᏁᎳᏚ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᏍᎩ battleships[5].
ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎢᏴ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ fatalities—1,102 men—were ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎠᎴ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎢᎦᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ Arizona. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᏚᏳᎩᏛ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏕᎩ 40 cm ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᎦᎶᏇ ᎤᏯᏍᎦ, ᎤᏬᎭᏒᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ bomber, smashed ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ Ꮝ ᏔᎵ armored alenvdidsv ᎠᎴ detonated ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎦᎶᏇ ᎪᏪᎵ ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏁᎦᎸ ᎤᎦᏔ ᎯᎠ Arizona ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎠᏅᏓᏗᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎴᎾᎯᏛ Ꮎ ᎢᎦ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎦᎪᏃ ᏂᎦᏰᏙᎲ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏳ.
ᎯᎠ USS Nevada ᎠᏁᎳᏛᏅ ᎠᏁᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏁᎸ, ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏓᏅᏒᎯ ᎠᎹᏳᎳᏗ ᎤᏩᏌᏊ ᏗᏓᏅᏗᏍᏙᏗ ᏰᎵᏊ ᏱᎩ ᏍᏆᎳ ᎠᏍᏆᎵᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᏴᏍᏙᏗ. ᎦᏳᎳ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ, Nevada ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ targeted ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ Japanese bombers ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎩᏒ underway. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎠᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ 250 ᏄᏓᎨᏒ (113 kg) ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ beached.
ᎯᎠ USS California ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏔᎵ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᎠᎴ ᏔᎵ torpedoes. ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎨᏴ ᎤᏲᎷᎭ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᏓᏅᏒᎯ ᏗᏲᎯᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᎣᏍᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᎾᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᎩ. ᎦᎴᏴᏍᎬ ᎪᎢ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ Arizona ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ Virginia ᏫᏓᏲᎯᏍᏗ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎨᏴ, ᎠᎴ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎭᎦᏔ ᎡᏍᎦ ᎢᏴ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ. ᎯᎠ disarmed Utah ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ holed ᏔᎵ ᎢᏳᏩᎫᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ torpedoes. ᎯᎠ USS ᏭᏕᎵᎬ Virginia ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎦᎵᏉᎩ torpedoes, ᎯᎠ ᎦᎵᏉᎩᏁ ᎦᏣᎦᎸᏗ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏳ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎢᏚᏳᎪᏛ. ᎯᎠ USS ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏅᎩ torpedoes, ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂ ᏔᎵ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ Ꮝ ᎠᏍᏆᎨᏂ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎠᏓᏠᏍᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏨᏍᏙᏗ. ᎯᎠ USS Maryland ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏔᎵ ᎯᎠ ᏚᏳᎩᏛ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏕᎩ 40 cm ᎤᏯᏍᎦ, ᎠᎴ ᎥᏝ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎤᏢᏲᎵᏍᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ.
ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎯᎠ Japanese concentrated ᎾᎿ battleships (ᎯᎠ ᎤᏔᏂᎢᏍᏗ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᎡᏙᎠ), ᎤᏅᏌ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏓᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏐᎢ ᏗᏲᏍᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ Helena ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ torpedoed, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᏓ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ minelayer USS Oglala. ᏔᎵ ᎠᏲᏍᏙᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎧᏲᏗ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ penetrated ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎪᏛᏙᏗ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ. ᎯᎠ ᎬᎫᏍᎬ ᎪᏛᏙᏗ ᎦᏂᏴᏛ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏃᎱᎩᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎧᏲᏗ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎢ ᎤᎵᏌᎳᏙᏗ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎴᏴᏒ atsinuqowisgv ᎯᎠ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ Raleigh ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ holed. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ USS Honolulu ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᏰᏙᎲᏊ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏲᏍᏙᏗ USS Cassin ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ USS Downes, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᏲᏍᏙᏗ, ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏧᏓᏗᎩᏓ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅᎯ. ᎯᎠ ᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ USS ᏧᏳᎪᏗᎭ, ᎪᏢᏒᎢ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ Arizona ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ iyuwakodi ᎾᏍᎩ tsuqagutanvsv, ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏧᏓᏗᎩᏓ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ beached. ᎯᎠ seaplane ᏩᎾᎢ USS Curtiss ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅᎯ.
ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᎥᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎯᎠ 188 ᏴᏩᏁᎬ aircraft ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ 155 ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎭᏢᏃ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ parked wingtip wingtip ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏂᏙᎬ ᎤᏢᏲᎸᎯ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎦᏂᏰᎩ. ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏚᏂᎳᏦᏛ ᎠᏥᎸᎩ ᏗᎦᏟᏌᏅᎯ ᎠᏜ. ᎤᎾᎵᎢᏴ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎠᏲᎸᎯ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ. ᎯᏍᎩᏍᎪᎯ-ᎯᏍᎩ Japanese airmen ᎠᎴ ᏐᏁᎳ submariners ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏥᎸᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎵᏖᎸᏗ. ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏤᎵ 441 ᏰᎵ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ (350 ᎤᎩᏒᎩ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ), 29 ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᎴᎾᎯᏛ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ (ᏐᏁᎳ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏓᏍᏟᏁᎦ ᎠᎴ 20 ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᏓᏍᏟᏁᎦ) ᎠᎴ ᏄᏓᎴ 74 ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ flak ᎠᎴ ᎪᏢᏅᏙᏗ gunfire ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ. ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ 20 ᎯᎠ aircraft Ꮎ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎾᏍᏋ salvaged.
[edit] Nagumo ᎤᏤᎵ ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ ᎤᏎᏒᎲᎩ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᏔᎵ ᏗᎬᎾᏍᏗ
ᎢᎦᏛ ᏗᏍᏆᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎳᏫᏛᏓ ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ ᎦᏂᎳᏛᎢ Nagumo ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏦᎢᏁ ᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎢ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏗ ᏧᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ, ᎪᏢᏅᏙᏗ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎧᏲᏗ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏂᏰᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏛᏙᏗ ᎪᎢ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏗ ᎠᏟᏍᏙᏗ ᏒᏙᏂ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᎤᏂᎩᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᏁᏍᎨᎲ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎩᎦᎨ ᎦᏚᏏ ᎪᏛᏙᏗ ᎠᏟᏍᏙᏗ ᏒᏙᏂ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ. ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᏰᎵ ᎡᏆᏯ ᎤᏁᏉᏨᎯ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏦᎠᏎᏗ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏞᎬᏊ usable ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ ᎧᎸᎬ Hawaii ᎾᎿ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᎠᎹᏳᎸᏗ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎪᏪᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᎭ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎪᎢ ᎠᏟᏍᏙᏗ ᏒᏙᏂ ᎠᎴ ᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ utvyolistanvhi ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᎱᏎᎸ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ battleships. Nagumo ᏚᏭᎪᏔᏅ forgo ᏦᎢᏁ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ ᎤᏎᏒᎲᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎾᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ:
- Anti-aircraft ᎾᎾᏛᏁᎲ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎪᏢᎯᏌᏅ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ Ꮎ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ, ᎠᎴ ᏔᎵ-ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᏂᎬᎿᏅ ᎯᎠ Japanese losses ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᏓᏍᏟᏁᎦ, ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ alerted. ᏦᎢᏁ ᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ utugi uwasv agilyoasdi ᏙᎢ ᎡᏍᎦ ᎢᏴ losses.
- ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᏔᎵ ᏗᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅᏒ prepped aircraft ᏰᎵ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏦᎢᏁ ᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᎠᎩᏒᎯ ᎢᎦᏛ iyuwakodi ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᏎᏱᎩ ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ iyuwakodi ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ Nagumo ᎤᏤᎵ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᏰᏙᎲᏊ ᎤᎧᏁᎳ Nagumo.
- ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎠᏜ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᎹᏳᎳᏗ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ organizing ᏯᏛᎿ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᎠᎩᏒᎯ ᏙᎢ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ iyuwakodi, ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ ᎦᏂᎳᏛᎢ ᏦᎢᏁ ᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᏱᏂᎦᎳᏍᏗᏉ.
- ᎯᎠ ᎪᏛᏙᏗ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ ᏩᎵᏃᎯᏯᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎤᎴᏫᏍᏗ ᎤᏴᏢ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎦᏅᎯᏓᎨ. ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏎᎸᎯ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ logistical ᏅᏏᎾᏒ. ᏂᎦᏰᏙᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎹᏱ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎦᏅᎯᏓᎨ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ risked ᎠᏓᏟᏒᎢ unacceptably ᎡᎳᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎪᏛᏙᏗ.
- ᎯᎠ timing ᏦᎢᏁ ᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᏯᏛᎿ Ꮎ aircraft ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᎤᎭ ᎢᎦᎷᎦ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎤᎳᏏᎩ. ᏒᏃᏱ ᎠᏥᏰᎶᎲ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ aircraft ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1941, ᎠᎴ ᎥᏝ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎾᏂᎥᏇ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᏙᎷᏩᏛᏓ ᏧᏳᎪᏗᏯ techniques ᎠᎴ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ.
- ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎨᏥᏅᏏᏓ: ᎥᏓᏓᎫᏴᎡᏗᏱ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ.
- ᎾᎿᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᎦᏂᏰᎩ ᏩᎵᏃᎯᏯᏍᎬ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᏌᏊ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ. ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎣᏏ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏓᏁᎯ ᎤᎭ ᎤᎳᏘᏒ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ Hawaii. ᎯᎠ ᎦᏅᎯᏓᎨ ᎤᏅᏌ ᏂᎦᏰᏙᎲᏊ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ Hawaii, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎦᏂᏰᎩ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Ꭴ.. ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏁᏙᎲᎾ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ.
- ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ Japanese ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎯᎠ "ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎢᏗᏢ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎦᎷᎩ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ", ᎯᎠ Philippines, ᎯᎠ Dutch ᎧᎸᎬ Indies, Malaya, ᎠᎴ Burma, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏄᏪᎵᏒ ᎠᏥᏂᏱᏍᎬ ᎪᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᏓᏓᏁᎭ. ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᏕᎶᎰᎯᏍᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎩᏒᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎫᏢᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎤᎵᏍᏓ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ Nagumo ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᎯᏌᏛ ᏓᎾᏓᏅᏍᎬᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏓᏁᏤᏗ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᏧᎾᏁᎶᏗᎢ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏛᏂᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎲ predicted Ꮎ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏔᎵ ᏅᎩ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᎴᎾᎯᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, Nagumo ᎠᏎ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗ agilyoasdi Ꮭ losses ᎠᎴ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏚᎳᏗ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏝᏅᏓᏕᎲ.
[edit] ᏗᎦᏟᏌᏅᎯ Ꭴ.. losses ᎾᎿ 7 ᎥᏍᎩᏱ 1941
ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎠᏯ-26 sank ᎯᎠ Cynthia Olson, Ꭴ.. ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎡᎵᏒᎢ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ, ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎹᏳᎸᏗ San Francisco ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏲᎱᏎᎸ 35 ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎠ.[1]
[edit] ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ
ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏐᎢ, ᎤᏍᏗ-ᏗᎦᏛᏗ, ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ.
ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎾᏱᎵᏒ, 1942, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏥᏰᎶᎲ K-1, ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎢᏴ ᎠᏴᏍᏙᏗ, ᏔᎵ ᎠᏰᎵese H8K ᎦᏃᎯᎸᏒ-ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏥᏳ, ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎾᎢ Wotje ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Marshall ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎹᏰᎵ, ᎨᏒᎩ tasked ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎠᏃᏢᎯᏏᏍᎬ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᎵᎢᎵᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ "ᏍᎪᎯ-ᏍᎪᎯ" ᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗ ᎦᏁᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴᎢ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ refueling en-ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ, ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏍᏆᏛᎯ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᎦᎸᏥ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ ᎤᏍᏔᎳᎾᎵ, 500 ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ (800 km) ᎤᏴᏢ-ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ. ᎤᏲᎢᏳᏛᎾᎮᏕᎩ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ hampered ᎯᎠ ᎨᏥᏅᏏᏓ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏬᎭᏒᎩ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏗᏲᏍᏗ.
ᎯᏍᎩ Japanese ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏥᏰᎶᎲ: ᎠᏯ-9 ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎦᏬᏂᏍᎩ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ; ᎠᏯ-19, ᎠᏯ-15 ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏯ-26 refuel ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎯᎸᏒ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏥᏳ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏯ-23 ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏁᏗ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᎸ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏯ-23 ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᎴᎾᎯᏛ ᏄᏠᏯᏍᏛᎾ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ.
ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎦᏯᎸᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏔᎳᎾᎵ ᎤᏩᎫᏗᏗᏒ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ precluded ᏄᏓᎴ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎬᏗᏍᎬᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎤᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ.
[edit] ᏄᎵᏍᏛ ᏥᏍᏚ
[edit] ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎦᏬᎯᎵᏴᏓ
ᏐᏁᎳᏍᎪᎯ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏔᏬᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ (ᎥᏍᎩᏱ 8, 1941 ᎠᏰᎵ iyuwakodi, ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ ᎠᏍᏆᎨᏂ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᎢᏳ ᎢᎪᎯ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ), Japanese ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ invaded ᎩᎵᏏ Malaya. ᎪᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏓ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎢᎬᏱ ᏑᎾᎴᎢ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏤ Territories Hong Kong ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎢᏧᏟᎶᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᎦ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ Philippines, ᎠᏰᏨ ᎠᎽᏰᎵ, ᎠᎴ Thailand ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎢᎦᎵᏍᏙᏗ HMS ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎤᏪᏥ ᎠᏫᏄᏥ Wales ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏨᏍᏙᏗ.[6]
ᎾᎿ ᎥᏍᎩᏱ 8, 1941, ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᏩᏥᏂ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎤᏁᏨᎩ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎬᏙᏗ Jeannette Rankin ᎥᏓᏓᎫᏴᎡᏗᏱ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ ᎠᏓᏑᏰᏍᎬ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ outraged ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂᏱᏳ ᎠᏓᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏚᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ ᏓᎵᏆᎵᏍᎬ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᏚᎾᏓᏚᏓᎸ, ᏗᎵᏖᎸᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏕᎰᎯᏍᏗ. Roosevelt ᎤᏬᏪᎳᏅᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎢᎦ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅ ᎢᎦ " ᎢᏳ ᎢᎪᎯ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏫᎵ ᎠᎴᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎾᏅᎡᏁᎲ" ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎤᏫᏢ ᏓᏂᎳᏫᎥ ᏩᏥᏂ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ. ᏫᎬᎵᏱᎴᎬ ᎧᏁᏉᎩ Ꮝ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᏌᎳᏙᏗ, ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎤᎧᏛ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎠᎵᏏᏅᏙᏗ.
ᎯᎠ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᏞᎬᏊ ᎦᏁᏟᏴᏓ ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᎬᏗ uniyatolv ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎠᎵᏖᎸᏗ. ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ ᏃᎵᏍᎬᎢ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᏓᏅ ᏫᏂᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᏴᎯᎲ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ 1941, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎪᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏰᏙᎲᏊ iyuwakodi ᎯᎠ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ. ᏑᏒᎯᏓ, ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ, ᎠᎴ Ꮎ ᎦᏬᎯᎵᏴᏓ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᏧᏓᏲᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎦᏙᎬ ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎩᏒᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏚᎾᏓᏚᏓᎸ ᏄᎾᎳᏂᎬᎬ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᎪᏪᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏬᎯᏳ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎡᎯᏍᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏥᏎᎪᎩᏛ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾᏊ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ awakened ᎯᎠ "ᎦᎵᎲᎢ Ꭴ.. ᏂᎬᎢ", ᎾᎪᎲᎾ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏛᏙᏗ ᏧᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎪᏢᏅᏙᏗ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎦᏂᏴᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏥᏳ ᏗᏔᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ. Ꭴ.. ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᏝᏅᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ, ᏌᏊ ᎢᏳᏩᎫᏗ mobilized, ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏰᎵᏆ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎦᎷᎩ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎠᎴ Atlantic ᎤᎾᏛᏁᎸᏗ.
ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎦᎶᏄᎮᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏓᏄᏩ sparked ᏧᎾᏰᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ Japanese ᎤᎾᎵᎢ residing ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ Japanese ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ Japanese internment ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ. ᏐᎢ ᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᏗᏓᎧᏁᎶᎰᎮᏎᏗ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᏗ (ᎧᏂᎩᏛ) ᎠᏂᏁᎢᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ, ᏂᎬᎢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏂᎦᎥ ᎦᎳᏅᎯ DeWitt, ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴ ᎠᎹᏳᎸᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎠᎹᏳᎸᏗ, ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏘᏉ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᎤᏞᏴᏍᏗ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎧᎦᎵ 1942, Roosevelt ᎤᏬᏪᎳᏅᎩ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ 9066, ᎠᏂᏁᎬ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ Japanese ᏴᏩᏁᎬᏚᏓᏲᎯᏎᎸ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏓᏂᏴᏗ ᎠᎴ internment.
Nazi Germany ᎠᎴ Fascist Italy ᎤᏁᏨᎩ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎾᎿ ᎥᏍᎩᏱ 11, ᏅᎩ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᎦ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ. Hitler ᎠᎴ Mussolini ᎨᏒᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ꮭ ᎠᏓᏚᏓᎸᏁᏗ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏗ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏔᎵ ᎾᎾᏛᏁᎲ-ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᏓᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᏦᎢᏁ ᏓᏓᏁᏤᎸ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᏚᎾᏓᏚᏓᎸ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ European ᎨᏛᏍᏛᎢ ᏄᎾᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ leadership ᎠᏰᎲ ᎦᏂᎸ ᎠᏱᎸᏓ lyudetiyvda ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ 1937. ᎢᎬᏱᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1941, ᎯᎠ Nazis ᎤᏕᎶᏆᎥ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏛᏂᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᎩᏍᏗᏱ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙᎯ Europe ᎾᎥᎢ 1943; ᎪᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎯᎠ "ᎤᏅᎪᎳᏛ ᎯᏍᎩ" ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏙᏧᏓᎴᏅ ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ Roosevelt ᎤᏤᎵ ᎢᏤ ᏗᏓᏅᏓᏁᏗᏱ, ᏂᎬᎢ ᎯᎠ Chicago ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ. Hitler ᎤᏁᎵᏒᎯ ᎤᎭ ᏚᏭᎪᏔᏅ Ꮎ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᏕᎦᏃᏣᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏅᎪᎳᏛ ᎯᏍᎩ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ Roosevelt ᎤᏤᎵ ᎨᏛᎢ-ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ ᏩᏎᏍᏗ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ focused ᎾᎿ European ᏂᏚᎾᏛᏁᎵᏙᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ, ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ contributed. Hitler ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ underestimated ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᏝᏅᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎤᏗᏗᏢ adatolasdodi adatolasdv, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏅᏏᎾᏒ ᎠᎳᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏔᎵ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ iyuwakodi ᎠᏥᏰᎶᎲ Barbarossa ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎧᏁᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ. ᎤᏠᏱ, ᎯᎠ Nazis ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏚᎩ ᎤᏩᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏓᏄᏩ, ᎠᎾᏓᏎᎮᎲᎢ ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ, ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ collaboration ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Eurasia. ᎾᎪᎲᎾ, ᎯᎠ ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎦᎵᏓᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ enraged ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎾᏞᎬᏊ ᎠᏴᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ European theatre ᏓᏄᏩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏚᎾᏓᏚᏓᎸ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ ᏄᏠᏯᏍᏛᎾ ᎤᏣᏘ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ ᏗᏟᏴ ᏗᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᏢᏥᏙᎯ ᎦᎷᎶᎩ ᎥᏓᏓᎫᏴᎡᏗᏱ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ. ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎢ, ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ theatre ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ; ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎯᎠ Americans—and ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ, ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ them—undermined cooperative ᏓᏁᎸᏔᏅ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎩᎵᏏ ᏚᏂᏴᏒ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎧᎸᎬ Asia ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎧᎸᎬ. ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎯᎠ Soviet ᏗᏌᏊ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᎯ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎥᏝ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏥᏓᏍᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎨᏛᏍᏛᎢ' ᏓᏄᏩ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ.
ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Roosevelt ᎠᏑᏰᏛ investigating ᎠᏂᎧᎻᏏᏂ, ᎠᎴᏅᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ Ꭴ.. ᏭᏔᏅᎢ ᏧᎾᏓᏱᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ Owen Roberts ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᏱᏓᏛᎾ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎠᎴ ᎥᏩᏘᏍᎬ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎪᎯᏳᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ. ᎢᏧᎳ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ, ᎣᏂᏗᏢ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ asgahah aninela E. Kimmel, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ, ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᏂᎦᎥ Walter ᏍᏆᎳᎢ (ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎤᎾᏚᏓᎸ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ Hawaii, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᎥ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎹᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎢ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ), ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏥᏍᏕᎸᎲ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏓᏁᏤᏗ ᏍᏆᎵᎯᎨ ᎤᏩᎫᏗᏗᏒ. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᎫᎢᏍᏗ 'ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ' ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ Roberts ᎠᏂᎧᎻᏏᏂ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏃᏢᏍᎬ ᏄᎶᏒᏍᏛᎾ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ. ᎪᎯ evaluation ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎠᏂᎩᏄᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏊ ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ. ᎾᎿ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ 25, 1999, ᎯᎠ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᏚᏑᏰᏒ ᎦᎸᏉᏙᏗ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎯ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏩᎾᎢ ᎾᎿ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏗᎫᏮᎶᏗᏍᎩ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ, ᎦᏁᎳ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ Hawaii ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴᎢ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏰᎵ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Washington.
ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ Ꮝ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎤᏓᏎᎦᏤᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ tactical ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎢᏅ exceeded ᎯᎠ utugi dunvsv Ꮝ planners. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᎯᏍᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎭ ᎦᏲᎵ ᏚᏦᏔᏩᏘ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᏗᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ. ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᎯᏍᏗ ᎩᎵᏏ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ Italian ᎤᏤᎵ Taranto ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ alenvdidsv ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1940 ᎠᏰᎲ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ devastating ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ inflicted, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ neutralising ᎯᎠ Italian ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎡᏆ ᎢᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᏓᎧᏁᎲ. ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ Ꮝ losses ᎾᎾᎢ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ Japanese ᎠᏴᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ Philippines, ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎨᏒᎩ ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ ᏗᏁᎶᏗ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎡᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ ᏑᏓᎵ ᎢᏯᏅᏓ. ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ atsinuqowisgv ᎯᎠ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏊ, ᎠᏰᎵ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎢᎬᏱᏊ ᎦᏰᎯ ᎠᏎᏊᎢ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏪᏅᏒ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏓᏎᎪᎩᏍᏗ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎧᎸᎬ Asia, ᎯᎠ Southwest ᎡᎷᏪᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎧᏁᏉᏍᏗ Ꮝ ᎠᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᏍᏗ ᎢᏅ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ.
ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎢᎦᏪᏛ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ WWII, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᏂᏐᎢ (ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ Philippine ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᏨ ᎠᎽᏰᎵ ᎠᏴᏍᏙᏗ.)
[edit] Japanese ᏫᏓᎧᏃᏗᏱ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ
ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ Japanese ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᎾᏒᎾᏍᏗᏱ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ. Yamamoto ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎣᏍᏛ ᏄᏓᎾᏛᎾ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎯᎠ botched timing ᎯᎠ ᏓᎵᏆᎵᏍᎬ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏚᎾᎵᏃᎮᎸ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᏁᎵᏒ ᎤᎭ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ, "ᎠᏯ ᎤᎾᏰᎯᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏍᏆᏛᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ awakened ᎦᎵᎲᎢ ᏂᎬᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎧᎵᎸᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏗ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ" . ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏂᏁᏨ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ uttered ᎾᎥᎢ Yamamoto, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎢᎦᏰᎵᏍᏗ ᎠᏥᏂᏱᏍᎬ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᎾᏒᎾᏍᏗᏱ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᎿ ᎪᏪᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎧᏁᎬᎢ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ, Ꮎ "ᎠᏯ ᏰᎵᏇ ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᎨᏯᏔᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏑᏓᎵ ᎢᏯᏅᏓ … ᎤᎶᏐᏅ Ꮎ, ᎠᏯ ᎤᎭ Ꮭ utugi gvsv ᎦᏣᏄᎳ." [7]
ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ Japanese ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᎥ Japanese ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᎾᏂᎥ ᏴᏫ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ anti-Ꭴ.. ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎦ Ꮎ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ Japanese ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏒ, ᎤᎾᏰᎯᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ dismayed ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏤᎢ Ꮎ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏊ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.., ᏙᏱᏗᏢ ᎦᏚᎲ Ꮎ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ Japanese admired, ᎠᎴ Ꮝ ᏧᎾᎵᎪᎯ. ᎡᏍᎦᏗᏢ, ᎯᎠ Japanese ᏴᏫ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᎴ Ꮝ territories ᎤᏩᎫᏗᏗᏒ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ accepted ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᎾᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᎲ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ iyuwakodi ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏧᏓᏲᎯᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1945. [8]
ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎬᎾᏕᎾ leadership ᎾᎾᎢ Ꮎ iyuwakodi ᎤᎾᏄᎪᏨ ᎤᏬᎯᏳ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1942, Saburo Kurusu, ᎠᎴᏅᏔᏅ Japanese ᎦᏄᏎᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ, ᎤᏓᏁᎸ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎤᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒ ᎯᎠ "ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ inevitability ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎡᏆ ᎢᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎧᎸᎬ Asia."[9] ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎦᏬᎯᎵᏴᏓ Washington ᎤᏤᎵ longstanding ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ. ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ Kurusu, ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏕᎫᎪᏗᏍᎬ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ San Francisco ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ' racist ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏙᏗ ᎾᎿ Japanese ᏗᎧᏃᏗ, ᎠᎴ culminated ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ "ᎠᏥᎡᏗᏱ" ᎠᎬᎭᎸᏓ ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᎦᏂᏱᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎪᎢ ᎠᏓᏓᎸᏙᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᎴ ᏚᎾᏓᏚᏓᎸ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏩᏗᏒ. ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎤᏩᏌᏊ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏎᎮᏗ ᎦᏬᎯᎵᏴᏓ ᎠᎧᎵᏏᏐᏗ ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏁᎦᎸ ᎤᎦᏔ ᎠᏓᏚᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ, ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ, ᎠᎴ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᎯᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᏕᎰᎯᏍᏗ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏗᎾ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ utugi uwasv.
ᎤᎪᏗᏗ Japanese ᎪᎯ ᎢᎦ ᏙᎢ ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗ Ꮎ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ "pushed" ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎠᏓᎾᏄᎳᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎫᏓᎸᏙ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ European ᏄᎾᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᎴ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ "ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ" ᎠᏂ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ Ꮭ ᎢᏳᏩᏂᏌᏛ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎣᏤᎵ [10]. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ itsuwakodi, ᎩᎵᏏ-ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎨᏒ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏗᏤᎢ ᏧᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏰᎵ (Asahi Shimbun), ᏚᏍᏆᎸᏔᏅ ᏎᏍᏗ ᏚᏓᏅᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ 2000s Ꮎ ᎤᏃᏴᎬ ᏂᏓᏳᏨᏓ Kurusu ᎤᏤᎵ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏗᎭ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ.[11] ᏓᏂᎲᏍᎬ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎾᎾᎯ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ, ᎠᏃᏪᎵᏍᎩ ᎠᏤᎯᏐᏗᏱ ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ Ꭴ.. servicemen ᎠᏥᎸᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ꮎ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏯᏍᎪᎯᏧᏈ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ Japanese ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏥᎸᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ Ꭴ.. ᎤᏃᎴ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ.[12]
ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᎵᏍᎦᎾᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ perceived inevitability ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ Japanese ᎤᏬᎯᏳ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ tactical ᎠᏓᏎᎪᎩᏍᏗ, ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎢᎦᏛ utvyolistanvhi flawed ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏒᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏌᏊ columnist ᎣᏍᏛ ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ:
ᎯᎠ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏥᏍᏓᎷᎩᏍᎩ tactic, ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ Ꮎ ᎠᏓᏅᏙ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏯ ᏕᎫᎪᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏬᏚᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎩᏔᏯ ᎠᏥᎸᏍᎬ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᏓᏢᏔᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏭᏚᎸᏛᎢ ᎤᏪᎿᎢ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ. Ꮎ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ flawed, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎠᏥᏎᎪᎩᏛ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ.[13]
ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1991, ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎢᏅ ᏕᎨᏒ ᎠᎵᏣᏙᎲᏍᎩ ᏓᏥᏲᏒᎩ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᎧᏁᎬᎢ Ꮎ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1941 ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏄᏪᎵᏒ ᎪᏢᏗ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎦᏰᎯ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎾᎾᎢ 1 PM Washington iyuwakodi, 25 ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏔᏬᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏎᎸ ᎢᏳᎢ ᎠᎴᏅᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎦ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏩᏎᎯᎲᎢ ᎯᎠ "14-ᎢᎦᏛ ᎥᏓᏘᏃᎯᏎᏗ", ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎦᏰᎯ ᎠᏍᏆᎵᏍᏗ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏚᎾᎵᏃᎮᎸ, ᎤᎵᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏗ ᏓᏄᏩ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎪᎯᏗᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎦᏄᏎᏓ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ ᎪᏢᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ iyuwakodi ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ. ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ apologized ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎪᎯ ᎪᎯᏗᏍᏗ.
ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᎵᏣᏙᎲᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎧᏬᎳᏕᏍᎬ Hideki Tojo ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏬᏪᎳᏅ Ꮎ
ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎪᎯ ᎢᎦ, Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎢᏳᏗᎾ ᎤᎭ succeeded ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ achieving ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏁᎵᏒᎯ ᎠᏓᏙᎵᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᏦᏒ.
[edit] ᎦᏅᎯᏓᎨ-ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ
ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᏗᎧᏃᏗᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎤᏅᏨᎩ ᎠᏥᏐᏅᏅ ᎠᏓᏎᎪᎩᏍᏗ ᎥᏳᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎯᎠ perceived ᏩᎾᎢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎢᎬᏱ victories. ᎩᎳ ᎦᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎪᎯ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ devastating ᎠᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏦᎢ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎨᏒᎩ ᏂᎪᎯᎸᎢ ᎤᎴᎾᎯᏛ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ battleships Arizona, ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ battleship Utah (ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏗᏲᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ); ᎡᏍᎦᏗᏢ, ᎤᏣᏘ usable ᏭᏚᎸᏛ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ salvaged ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏂ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵ ᎣᏂᏗᏢ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Arizona. ᎦᎨᏛ casualties ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ Arizona'ᎪᏪᎵ ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ exploding ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ capsizing. ᏅᎩ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏛᎯᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᎷᎦ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ battleships California, ᏭᏕᎵᎬ Virginia ᎠᎴ Nevada. California ᎠᎴ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ Virginia ᎠᏰᎲ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗᏱ ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ-ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ iyahdvnelidasdi ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎲᎩ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᏂᎬᎢ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ, ᎦᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏓᎨᏒ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ, enabling ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏥᏍᏕᎸᎲᎩ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏩᎵᏃᎯᏯᏍᎬ battleships ᎨᏒᎩ ᏧᏓᏗᎩᏓ refitted, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏅᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗᏱ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ outdated ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᎠᏓᎸᎾᏍᏗ anti-ᎦᏚᎢ 5" ᏗᎦᎶᏇ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏓ ᎠᏓᎸᎾᏍᏗ turreted DP ᏗᎦᎶᏇ, ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᏂ ᎤᏟ ᎢᏲᏍᏛ ᎦᏚ ᎠᏄᏬᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ Japanese ᎠᏓᎾᏄᎳᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏲᏍᏙᏗ Cassin ᎠᎴ Downes ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ losses, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎪᏢᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ salvaged ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵ ᎢᎩᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎢᏤ ᎤᏁᎦᎸ ᎤᎦᏔ, ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᎴᏅᏗᏍᎬ ᏚᎾᏙᎥ, ᎾᎯᏳᎢ Shaw ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏛᎯᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᎷᎦ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ.
ᎯᎠ 22 Japanese ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ Ꮎ ᎤᎩᏒᎩ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏌᏊ survived ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ 2006, ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ Ꭴ.. ᏥᏳ ᏙᎢ ᎤᏲᎷᎭ Ꮎ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎹᏳᎸᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ Taney.
ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ, ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎦᎵᏓᏍᏛ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏰᎵ. ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎢ, ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ Yamamoto, ᎦᎪ ᏄᎵᎶᎲᏍᎬᎾ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᎠᏰᎲ predicted Ꮎ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ, ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᏝᏅᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ ᎡᏆ. ᏌᏊ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ Japanese ᎤᏓᏎᎦᏤᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏲᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏦᎢ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ aircraft ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩstationed ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎡᏙᎠ: ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏂᎷᎬ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏰᏨ ᎠᎽᏰᎵ, Lexington ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎢᏴ ᎠᎽᏰᎵ, ᎠᎴ Saratoga ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ San Diego ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᏰᎵ ᎢᎩᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ Puget ᎤᏃᏴᎬ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ Shipyard. ᏓᏂᎲᏍᎬ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. battleships atsinuqowisgv ᎠᏂᎧᎻᏏᏂ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ regarded—in ᎢᏧᎳ Navies ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎾᎿ worldwide—as ᎤᎪᏗᏳ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ Japanese.
ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎢᎦᏪᏛ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎡᏆ-ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏲᎱᏎᎸ, ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ-ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎤᏲᎱᏎᎸ. ᎠᏰᎲ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ, ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎤᎭ ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ Ꮝ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ, ᎯᎠ ᎬᏫᏍᏓᏗ ᎯᎠ battleships ᎠᎦᏍᎦᏂ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎬᏙᏗ Ꮭ ᎠᏑᏰᏛ ᎠᎴ ᏩᏗᏱ Ꮝ ᎪᎯᏳᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ aircraft ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ submarines—and ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᏗᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏭᎵᏱᎶᎸ ᎠᏨᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎠᏓᏌᎳᏙᏗ. ᏌᏊ ᎾᏍᎩᎾ ᎤᏲᏨ Japanese ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏰᎵ battleships ᎢᏧᎳ ᏗᏍᏆᎨᏂ. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ, Yamamoto hoarded ᎤᏤᎵ battleships ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ Ꮎ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎥᏝ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ.
ᎤᏩᎫᏗᏗᏒ, ᏗᏲᏍᏗ Ꮎ ᎥᏝ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏙᎪᏩᎸ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ alenvdidsv ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ, ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎠᏂ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ Ꮎ ᎠᏲᎸᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᎵᏏᏅᏙᏗ standstill ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ Ꮝ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏙᏗ ᎪᎢ, immobilizing ᎦᎨᏛ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ. ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎭᏫᏂ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎯᎠ cryptanalytic ᏌᏊᎭ, ᎤᎴᏫᏍᏗ Hypo.
[edit] ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ
ᎪᎯ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ-ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᎩ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ Japanese ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎢᎦᎵᏍᏙᏗ Ꭴ.. aircraft ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᎭ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᎲᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ. ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏯ ᏚᏙᎪᏛ ᎤᏎᏒᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᎴ Ꮝ ᏂᎬᎢ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᎠᎵᏏᏅᏙᏗ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎧᏬᎳᏕᏍᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᎠᏓᏅᏒ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏗᏎᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎡᏆ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏒ ᎠᎾᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏓᏓᏁᎭ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎾᎵᎪᎯ ᎠᎳᏍᏗ Germany, Italy, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᎵ, contributing ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏗ ᎠᏥᏎᎪᎩᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎨᏛᏍᏛᎢ ᏄᎾᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ 1945. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Germany declaring ᏓᏄᏩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᏑᎾᏙᏓᏆᏍᏗ ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ.
ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᎵᏣᏙᎲᏍᎩ Winston Churchill, ᎾᎿ ᎠᏛᎩᏍᎬ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏛ ᎠᏎᏒᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ, ᎤᏬᏪᎳᏅ: "ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᎠᎴ ᏧᏙᎳᏣᏅ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏓᏖᎸᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗᏱ, ᎠᏯ ᎤᏪᏅᏒ ᎦᏂᏟ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎸᏅᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏥᏍᏕᎸᎲᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᎮᎵᏣᏘ."[14] ᎯᎠ ᏚᎾᏓᏚᏓᎸ ᎠᏓᏎᎪᎩᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ Ꭴ.. ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏓᏛᏂᏌᏁᎲ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎤᎭ ᏓᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᏚᎷᏨ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ atogiyadv ᎢᏳᏊ ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ.
ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ, ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎪᏪᎳᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎯᎠ aircraft ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ, replacing ᎯᎠ battleship ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ iyuwakodi ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ, ᏂᎬᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏣᏅᏙ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎢᏴ, Ꮎ ᎪᎯ breakthrough ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᏄᎾᎳᏂᎬᎬ.
[edit] Mythical ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ
ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᏓᏃᏪᎵᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ iyuwakodi ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ 1812 ᎠᎺᎵᎨ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ attacked ᎾᎿ Ꮝ ᎣᏪᏅᏒ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏄᏓᎴ ᏙᏱᏗᏢ ᎦᏚᎲ. ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ ᎤᎭ ᏁᎵᏒ mythical ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ, ᎠᎴ Ꮝ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎤᏓᏎᎮᎸᎩ ᏑᏓᎵᏍᎪᎯ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎯᎠ ᏚᎵᏍᏗ 11, 2001 ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎤᎩᏒᎩ ᎾᎿᎢ: ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏗᏓᏁᏟᏴᎡᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᎴ ᏓᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᏚᎷᏨ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎩ ᏄᎵᏍᏛ ᎤᏠᏱᎭᎢ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ.
[edit] Cultural ᏓᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗᏍᎬ
Template:Main article ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ensuing ᏓᏄᏩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ, fueled anti-Japanese ᏴᏫ ᎾᏁᎵᏍᎬ. Japanese, Japanese-ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᎴ Asians ᎤᎲᎢ ᎤᏠᏱ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎸᏅ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎦᎳᏩᏎᏗ, ᎾᎪᎯᏳᎲᏍᎬᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ viewed ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᎲᎢ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ nadvndhvgi ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ underhanded ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ "ᎤᏕᎰᎯᏍᏗ" ᎠᎴ "sneaky ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ". ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏰᎯᏍᏗ Japanese-ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎯᏍᎩᏁ ᎤᏓᏅᏅ ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎬᎢ ᎠᏓᏂᏴᏗ ᎪᎯ ᎦᎵᏓᏍᏛ ᎾᏂᎥ ᏴᏫ ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎧᎦᎵ 19, 1942 ᎠᎴ Ꮝ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ Japanese ᏴᏩᏁᎬ internment, ᏄᏢᏉᏛᎾ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎦᏅᏍᏙᎯᏍᏗ "ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ", ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᎴ Canada.
ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎨᏒᎩ depicted ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏫᏢ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ-Japanese ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970), ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ (2001) ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ Japanese ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ.
[edit] ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎧᏁᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏥᎸᏉᏗ
* Awarded ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ.[15]
- Mervyn . Bennion *
- ᎦᎳᏅᎯ William Finn
- Francis C. Flaherty *
- Samuel G. Fuqua
- Edwin J. ᎦᏚᏏ *
- Herbert C. Jones *
- Isaac C. Kidd *
- Jackson C. Pharris
- Thomas J. Reeves *
- Donald K. Ross
- Robert R. Scott *
- Peter Tomich *
- Franklin ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ Valkenburgh *
- James R. ᎠᏥᎦᏘᏯ *
- Cassin ᎠᏲᎵ
[edit] ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ
- ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ
- ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎧᏬᎳᏕᏍᎬ
- Day of Deceit: The Truth about FDR and Pearl Harbor (book)
- ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᏓᏌᎳᏙᏗ-ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᏗᏟᏴ ᏗᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ
- ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ losses ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎧᏬᎳᏕᏍᎬ
[edit] ᏓᏓᏚᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ
- ↑ Roland H. ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ, Jr., Ꮭ ᎠᏑᏰᏛ ᎠᎴ ᏓᏄᏩ: ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᏣᏪᏐᎸᏍᏙᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ (Jefferson, ᎤᏴᏢ Carolina: McFarland, 1995). ISBN 0-7864-0141-9
- ↑ Yuichi Arima, The Way to Pearl Harbor: US vs Japan, ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ ᏗᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᏎᏍᏗ 118, ᎥᏍᎩᏱ, 2003 (accessed ᎫᏬᏂ 10, 2006).
- ↑ Showa Tenno Ꮭ dokuhaku hachi-jikan (ᎯᎠ Showa ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏧᏁᎳ-ᏑᏟᎶᏛ ᎠᏍᏓᏯ ᎤᏃᏴᎬ) (Tokyo: Bungei-shunju, 1990).
- ↑ ᎦᎳᏅᎯ Rodgaard ᎠᏃᏪᎵᏍᎬ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏫᏒ., "Pearl Harbor—Attack from Below," ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ, ᎥᏍᎩᏱ 1999 (accessed ᏕᎭᎷᏱ 10, 2005).
- ↑ Stetson Conn ᎠᏃᏪᎵᏍᎬ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏫᏒ, "Chapter 7 - The Attack on Pearl Harbor" ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᎴ Ꮝ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴᎢ, ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ, Washington, D.C., 2000
- ↑ Kelley L. Ross, "The Pearl Harbor Strike Force" (accessed ᏕᎭᎷᏱ 10, 2005).
- ↑ Isoroku Yamamoto Shigeharu Matsumoto (Japanese ᏗᏎᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎵᏣᏙᎲᏍᎩ) ᎠᎴ Fumimaro Kondoye (Japanese ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᎵᏣᏙᎲᏍᎩ), ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏬᎭᎵ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏅᏙ ᎢᎦ ᎡᎯ : ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎾᎥᎢ Ronald Spector (ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ, 1985).
- ↑ Robert Guillain, ᎠᏯ ᎤᎪᎲᎩ Tokyo ᎦᎴᏴᏍᎬ: ᎾᎿ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ Hiroshima (J. ᎥᎢᏒᎢ, 1981). ISBN 0-7195-3862-9
- ↑ Saburo Kurusu, Historical inevitability of the war of Greater East Asia, ᎢᏅ ᏕᎨᏒ ᎠᏗᎦᎴᏯᏍᏗ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ, Tokyo, ᏅᏓᏕᏆ 26, 1942 (accessed ᏕᎭᎷᏱ 10, 2005).
- ↑ Haruko ᏔᏯ & Theodore F. ᎠᏓᏍᏓᏴᎲᏍᎩ, ᎠᏰᎵ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏓᏄᏩ: ᎧᏁᏨᎯ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ (ᎢᏤ ᏗᏂᎴᏱᏗᏍᎩ; ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅ, 1993). ISBN 1-56584-039-9
- ↑ Charles Burress, "Biased history helps feed U.S. fascination with Pearl Harbor," ᎠᏰᎵ itsuwakodi, ᎫᏰᏉᏂ 19, 2001 (accessed ᏕᎭᎷᏱ 10, 2005);
- ↑ Hiroaki Sato, "The View From New York: Debunking America's 'Good War' myth," ᎠᏰᎵ itsuwakodi, ᏕᎭᎷᏱ 25, 2001 (accessed ᏕᎭᎷᏱ 10, 2005);
- ↑ Burritt Sabin, "The War's Leagacy: Dawn of a tragic era," ᎠᏰᎵ itsuwakodi, ᎧᎦᎵ 8, 2004 (accessed ᏕᎭᎷᏱ 10, 2005).
- ↑ Churchill, Winston. The Second World War, Vol. 3, 539.
- ↑ Medal of Honor Citations, Ꭴ.. ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ.
- Kiroku Hanai "U.S. War Conduct: No sense of proportionality," ᎠᏰᎵ itsuwakodi, ᏚᎵᏍᏗ 28, 2004 (accessed ᏕᎭᎷᏱ 10, 2005);
- Gregory Clark, "Shedding imposed war guilt," ᎠᏰᎵ itsuwakodi, ᎫᏬᏂ 15, 2005 (accessed ᏕᎭᎷᏱ 10, 2005).
- McCollum memo Roosevelt ᏄᏂᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎭᏫᏂ ᎪᏪᎵᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ 1940 (declassified ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1994) ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏎᎸᎩ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏂᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ.
[edit] ᎤᏗᏗᏢ ᏓᎪᎵᏰᏍᎬ
- Gordon W. Prange, ᎾᎾᎢ ᎤᎩᏥᏍᎬ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎤᎸᏅᎩ (McGraw-ᎦᏚᏏ, 1981), ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ: ᎯᎠ ᏗᎫᎪᏔᏅ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ (McGraw-ᎦᏚᏏ, 1986), ᎠᎴ ᎥᏍᎩᏱ 7, 1941: ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦ ᎯᎠ Japanese Attacked ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ (McGraw-ᎦᏚᏏ, 1988). ᎪᎯ monumental trilogy, ᎪᏪᎳᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏙᎦᏟᏐᏗ Donald M. Goldstein ᎠᎴ Katherine V. Dillon, ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ.
- Walter ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ, ᎢᎦ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎾᏅᎡᏁᎲ (Henry ᎦᎪᏘ, 1957) ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎠᏓᏙᎵᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵ ᏂᎦᏛ anecdotal, re-ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏂᏕᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ.
- W. J. Holmes, ᏔᎵ ᎢᏳᏩᎫᏘ-ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎤᏕᎵᏓ: Ꭴ.. ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎠᏥᏰᎶᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎧᏬᎳᏕᏍᎬ (ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᏥᏳ ᏧᎾᏕᏲᏗ, 1979) ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏐ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᏭᏚᎸᏛ ᎬᏙᏗ, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Holmes' ᏗᎪᏏᏐᏗ Ꮎ, ᎠᏰᎲ ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᏓᏓᏰᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏩᏗᏱ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎡᏆ ᎢᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏐᏅᎢ.
- Michael V. Gannon, ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ Betrayed (Henry ᎦᎪᏘ, 2001) ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏞᎬ ᎠᏥᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏯᏙᎯᎲ dagatuwisdisgv ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ.
- Frederick D. Parker, Pearl Harbor Revisited: United States Navy Communications Intelligence 1924–1941 (ᎠᏰᎵ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ Cryptologic ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ, 1994) ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏐ ᎤᏎᎸᎩ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᎾᏛᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ intercepted ᎠᎴ decrypted Japanese tsunadatvgotanv ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅᏒ ᏓᎬᎾ.
- Henry C. Clausen ᎠᎴ Bruce ᎠᏍᏆᎨᏂ, ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ: ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᎠᎵᏁᎩ ᎪᏪᎵ, (HarperCollins, 2001), ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏕᎵᏓ "Clausen ᎤᏂᎦᏛᎲᏍᎩ" undertaken ᎣᏂᏱᏳ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᏩᏥᏂ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᏗᎪᏪᎵᏍᎩ ᏓᏄᏩ Stimson.
- Robert . Theobald, ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᎤᏕᎵᏓ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ (Devin-Adair Pub, 1954) ISBN 0-8159-5503-0 ISBN 0-317-65928-6 ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ William F. Halsey, Jr.
- Albert C. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᎸ! (Henry ᎦᎪᏘ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ, 1958) ISBN 0-89275-011-1 ISBN 0-8159-7216-4
- Hamilton ᎠᏣᏗ, ᏓᎾᏛᏁᎵᏍᎬ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ: FDR ᎠᎴ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎧᏬᎳᏕᏍᎬ (Devin-Adair Pub, 1983) ISBN 0-8159-6917-1
- ᎦᎳᏅᎯ Toland, ᎡᎳᏗ ᎾᏅᎡᏁᎲ: ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᎴ Ꮝ ᏥᏍᏚ (Berkley Reissue ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅ, 1986 ISBN 0-425-09040-X) ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᎵᎶᎲᏍᎩ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ Pulitzer ᎠᏌᏍᏛ ᎠᎾᏓᏠᏍᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ Ꭺgoweli gowlisgi, ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᏁᎵᏒ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎦᏐᎯ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎠᎾᏗᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ utugi uwasv ᎾᎥᎢ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ.
- Robert Stinnett, Day of Deceit : The Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor (ᎠᏎᏊᎢ ᏗᏂᎴᏱᏗᏍᎩ, 1999) ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ tohi adedi ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ ᎪᏪᎵᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᎯ Ꮎ ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᏩᏥᏂ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎠᏓᏎᎮᏗ ᏗᏓᏲᎯᏍᏗ Kimmel ᎠᎴ ᏍᏆᎳᎢ. ISBN 0-7432-0129-9
- Edward L. ᎠᎹᏳᎳᏗ, ᎠᏥᏓᏁᎸ: ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ Kimmel ᎠᎴ ᏍᏆᎳᎢ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸISBN 1-55750-059-2
- ᏥᏍᎪᏯ Krepinevich, [2] Template:PDFlink (ᎠᏰᎵ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ Budgetary ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ) ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏐ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏂᏰᎸᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ Yarnell ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᎪᎯᏳᏙ.
- Roberta Wohlstetter, ᏓᎬᎾ Harbour: ᎾᎿ ᎠᎴ ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ, (Stanford ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᏗᏂᎴᏱᏗᏍᎩ: 1962). ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎸᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎪᎵᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎩ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏓᎬᎾ Harbour. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎨᏴ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ "ᎤᏃᏴᎬ" ᎾᏢᏲᎵᎲᎾ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎵᏍᏗᏱ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎩ.
- ᎦᎳᏅᎯ Hughes-Wilson, ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎦᎵᏓᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎫᏢᏗ-Ups. ᏑᎾᎴᎢ, 1999 (ᏅᎬᎪᏔᏅ 2004). ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏐ ᏍᏆᎳᎢ ᎠᎴ insightful ayatolv ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩᎾ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎩ, ᎠᎴ broader overview ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏂᏕᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏂ.
[edit] ᎤᏓᏎᎦᏤᏗ ᏗᏕᎬᏔᏛ
- Video of first Newsreel from December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor
- Roosevelt's Day Of Infamy Speech Audio ᎠᎵᏣᏙᏗ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Roosevelt ᏍᏆᎵᎯᎨ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ
- U.S. Naval Historical Center "ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᏓᏲᏎᏗ: Overview ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵᏛ ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ"
- Naval Institute Special Collections: Pearl Harbor — ᏚᏓᏡᎬ, ᏗᎪᏪᎵ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ
- Guarding The United States And Its Outposts ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏒᎧᎵ Ꭴ.. ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ
- "Where were the Carriers, 7 December 1941?"
- "Pearl Harbor Attacked" Message Board — ᎧᎾᏁᏍᎦ ᎤᏏᎵᏕᏫᏒ ᏄᏍᏓ featuring ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᎠᎾᏅᏓᏗᏍᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏗ
– ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾ ᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵ "ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ" ᏗᏒᏓᎷᎦ- Pearl Harbor Attack Hearings
7,000 ᏚᏆᏓᏛ ᎠᎴᏅᏗᏍᎬ ᎪᏪᎵᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᎯ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎤᏎᎸᎩ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᎸ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏂᎦᏛᎲᏍᎩ. - WW2DB: Attack on Pearl Harbor - 7 Dec 1941
- Pearl Harbor Attack Hearings
- Pearl Harbor Lessons Learned: ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ Kimmel ᎠᎴ ᏍᏆᎳᎢ (ᎫᏰᏉᏂ 6, 1999)
- Hawaii was surprised; Washington was not
- IJN submarine I-9: ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎾᎯᏴ
- Japan Studies Institute 2005 ᎾᎾᎢ San Diego ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ
- PearlHarbor.org — ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᎠᎴ Dorie ᏗᏍᏙᏍᎩ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ
- A Setup from the Beginning ᏗᎵᏃᎮᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ Robert B. Stinnett,
ᎪᏪᎵ Ꭺgoweli gowlisgi Day of Deceit, the Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor - Did FDR Know?
- War comes to Hawaii Honolulu ᏃᏈᏏ-ᏕᎦᏃᏣᎸ ᎪᏪᎵ, ᎤᎾᏙᏓᏉᏅᎯ, ᏚᎾᏓᏚᏓᎸ. 13, 1999
- War comes to Hawaii Ꮭ ᏗᎦᎸᏙᏗ ᏅᎬᎪᏔᏅᎯ
- Timeline: ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ, nvwatohiyadv, ᎪᎯᏳᎯ, Honolulu ᏃᏈᏏ-ᏕᎦᏃᏣᎸ ᎪᏪᎵ
- The Pearl Harbor Newspaper Articles Archive ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ 40,000 searchable ᎪᏪᎵ ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅ arcticles ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏓᎬᎾ ᎦᏁᎸ
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