নোবেল পুরস্কার বিজয়ী রসায়নবিদদের পূর্ণ তালিকা
উইকিপিডিয়া, মুক্ত বিশ্বকোষ থেকে
বর্ষ | নাম | রাষ্ট্র | পুরস্কার প্রাপ্তির কারণ |
---|---|---|---|
১৯০১ | জ্যাকোবাস হেনরিকাস ভ্যান্ট হফ | নেদারল্যান্ড | রাসায়নিক গতিবিদ্যার গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নীতি এবং দ্রবণের অভিস্রবণ চাপ আবিষ্কার |
১৯০২ | হারমান এমিল ফিশার | জার্মানি | সুগার এবং [[পিউরিন সংশ্লেষণের উপর গবেষণা |
১৯০৩ | সাভান্ত্ অগাস্ট আরহেনিয়াস | Sweden | "for his electrolytic theory of dissociation" |
১৯০৪ | স্যার উইলিয়াম র্যামজে | United Kingdom | "for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air" |
১৯০৫ | জোহান ফ্রিডরিখ ভিলহেল্ম এডল্ফ ভন বেয়ার | Germany | "for his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds" |
১৯০৬ | Henri Moissan | France | "for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the electric
furnace named after him" See:Moissan electric furnace |
১৯০৭ | এদুয়ার্দ বাকনার | Germany | "for his biochemical research and his discovery of cell-free [[fermentation
(biochemistry)|fermentation]]" |
১৯০৮ | আর্নেস্ট রাদারফোর্ড | New Zealand and United Kingdom | "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of
radioactive substances" |
১৯০৯ | ভিলহেল্ম ওসওয়াল্ড | Germany | "his work on catalysis and for his investigations into [[chemical
equilibrium|chemical equilibria]] and rates of reaction" |
১৯১০ | Otto Wallach | Germany | "for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds" |
১৯১১ | মেরি কুরি | Poland/France | "for her discovery of radium and polonium " |
১৯১২ | ভিক্টর গ্রিগনার্ড | France | "for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent" |
Paul Sabatier | France | "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds" | |
১৯১৩ | আলফ্রেড ওয়র্নার | Switzerland | "for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules" |
১৯১৪ | থিওডোর উইলিযাম রিচার্ডস | USA | "for his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elements" |
১৯১৫ | Richard Martin Willstätter | Germany | "for his research on plant pigments" |
১৯১৮ | ফ্রিজ হেবার | Germany | "for his synthesis of ammonia" |
১৯২০ | ওয়াল্টার হারমান নার্নস্ট | Germany | "for his work in thermochemistry" |
১৯২১ | ফ্রিডেরিক সোডি | United Kingdom | "for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into
isotopes" |
১৯২২ | ফ্রান্সিস উইলিয়াম অ্যাস্টন | United Kingdom | "for his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive
elements, and for his whole-number rule" |
১৯২৩ | Fritz Pregl | Slovenia | "for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic
substances" |
১৯২৫ | Richard Adolf Zsigmondy | Germany | "for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and the
methods used" |
১৯২৬ | Theodor Svedberg | Sweden | "for his work on disperse systems" |
১৯২৭ | Heinrich Otto Wieland | Germany | "for his investigations of the bile acids and related substances" |
১৯২৮ | Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus | Germany | "for his research into sterols and their connection with vitamins" |
১৯২৯ | Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin | United Kingdom, Germany | "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes" |
১৯৩০ | Hans Fischer | Germany | "for his research into haemin and chlorophyll" |
১৯৩১ | Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius | Germany, Germany | "for their contributions to chemical high pressure methods" |
১৯৩২ | Irving Langmuir | USA | "for his work in surface chemistry" |
১৯৩৪ | Harold Clayton Urey | USA | "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen" |
1935 | Frédéric Joliot, Irene Joliot-Curie | France, France | "for their synthesis of new radioactive elements" |
1936 | Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye | The Netherlands | "for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments
and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases" |
1937 | Walter Norman Haworth | United Kingdom | "for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C" |
Paul Karrer | Switzerland | "for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and
B2" |
|
1938 | Richard Kuhn | Germany | "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins" |
1939 | Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt | Germany | "for his work on sex hormones" |
Lavoslav Ružička | Switzerland | "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" | |
1943 | George de Hevesy | Hungary | "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical
processes" |
1944 | Otto Hahn | Germany | "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei" |
1945 | Artturi Ilmari Virtanen | Finland | "for his research and inventions in agricultural and
nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method" |
1946 | James Batcheller Sumner | USA | "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized" |
John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley | USA, USA | "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure
form" |
|
1947 | Sir Robert Robinson | United Kingdom | "for his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids" |
1948 | Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius | Sweden | "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis" |
1949 | William Francis Giauque | USA | "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics" |
1950 | Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder | Germany, Germany | "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction." |
1951 | Edwin Mattison McMillan, Glenn Theodore Seaborg | USA, USA | "for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements" |
1952 | Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Synge | United Kingdom, United Kingdom | "for their invention of partition chromatography" |
1953 | Hermann Staudinger | Germany | "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry" |
1954 | Linus Carl Pauling | USA | "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond" |
1955 | Vincent du Vigneaud | USA | "for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a
polypeptide hormone" |
1956 | Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov (Никола́й
Никола́евич Семёнов) |
United Kingdom, USSR | "for their research into the mechanism of chemical reactions" |
1957 | Sir Alexander Todd | United Kingdom | "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes" |
1958 | Frederick Sanger | United Kingdom | "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially insulin" |
1959 | Jaroslav Heyrovský | Czechoslovakia | "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of
analysis" |
1960 | Willard Frank Libby | USA | "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination" |
1961 | Melvin Calvin | USA | "for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" |
1962 | Max Ferdinand Perutz, John Cowdery Kendrew | United Kingdom | "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" |
1963 | Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta | Germany, Italy | "for their discoveries relating to high polymers" |
1964 | Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin | United Kingdom | "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of
important biochemical substances" |
1965 | Robert Burns Woodward | USA | "for his achievements in organic synthesis" |
1966 | Robert Sanderson Mulliken | USA | "for his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules" |
1967 | Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter | Germany, United Kingdom, United Kingdom | "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions" |
1968 | Lars Onsager | USA | "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name" |
1969 | Derek Harold Richard Barton, Odd Hassel | United Kingdom, Norway | "for their contributions to the development of the concept of [[tertiary
structure|conformation]]" |
1970 | Luis F. Leloir | Argentina | "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of
carbohydrates" |
1971 | Gerhard Herzberg | Canada | "for his contributions to electronic structure and the geometry of molecules,
particularly free radicals" |
1972 | Christian B. Anfinsen | USA | "for his work on ribonuclease" |
Stanford Moore, William H. Stein | USA, USA | "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical
structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule" |
|
1973 | Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson | Germany, United Kingdom | "for their work on the chemistry of organometallic compounds" |
1974 | Paul J. Flory | USA | "for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical
chemistry of macromolecules" |
1975 | John Warcup Cornforth | United Kingdom and Australia | "for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions" |
Vladimir Prelog | Switzerland | "for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions" | |
1976 | William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. | USA | "for his studies on the structure of Boranes" |
1977 | Ilya Prigogine | Belgium | "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics" |
1978 | Peter D. Mitchell | United Kingdom | "for his formulation of the chemiosmotic theory" |
1979 | Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig | United Kingdom, Germany | "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing
compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis" |
1980 | Paul Berg | USA | "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular
regard to recombinant-DNA" |
Walter Gilbert,Frederick Sanger | USA, United Kingdom | "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" | |
1981 | Kenichi Fukui (福井謙一), Roald Hoffmann | Japan, USA | "for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions" |
1982 | Aaron Klug | United Kingdom, South Africa | "for his development of crystallographic [[electron
microscope|electron microscopy]]" |
1983 | Henry Taube | USA | "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions" |
1984 | Robert Bruce Merrifield | USA | "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix" |
1985 | Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle | USA, USA | "for their achievements in developing direct methods for the
determination of crystal structures" |
1986 | Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee (李遠哲), John C. Polanyi | USA, USA, Canada | "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes" |
1987 | Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen | USA, France, USA | "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of
high selectivity" |
1988 | Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel | Germany, Germany, Germany | "for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a [[photosynthetic
reaction center|photosynthetic reaction centre]]" |
1989 | Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech | Canada and USA, USA | "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" |
1990 | Elias James Corey | USA | "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis" |
1991 | Richard R. Ernst | Switzerland | "for his contributions to the development of high resolution [[nuclear magnetic
resonance]] (NMR) spectroscopy" |
1992 | Rudolph A. Marcus | USA | "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems" |
1993 | Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith | USA, Canada | "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry" |
1994 | George A. Olah | USA | "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" |
1995 | Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland | The Netherlands, Mexico, USA | "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, in particular ozone depletion" |
1996 | Robert Curl, Sir Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley | USA, United Kingdom, USA | "for their discovery of fullerenes" |
1997 | Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker | USA, United Kingdom | "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of
adenosine triphosphate" |
Jens C. Skou | Denmark | "for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme,
Na+/K+-ATPase" |
|
1998 | Walter Kohn | USA | "for his development of the density functional theory" |
John A. Pople | United Kingdom | "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry" | |
1999 | Ahmed H. Zewail | Egypt and USA | "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond
spectroscopy" |
2000 | Alan J. Heeger, Alan G MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa (白川英
樹) |
USA, USA and New Zealand, Japan | "for their discovery and development of conductive polymers" |
2001 | William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori (野依良治) | USA, Japan | "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation
reactions" |
K. Barry Sharpless | USA | "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions" | |
2002 | Kurt Wüthrich, John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka (田中耕一) | Switzerland, USA, Japan | "for their development of methods for identification and structure analyses of
biological macromolecules" |
2003 | Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon | USA, USA | "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes" |
2004 | Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose | Israel, Israel, USA | "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" |
2005 | Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock and Yves Chauvin | USA, USA, France | "for the development of the metathesis method in [[organic
synthesis]]" |
২০০৬ | রজার ডি. কর্নবার্গ | যুক্তরাষ্ট্র | "for his studies of the molecular basis of [[Transcription (genetics)#Eukaryotic
transcription|eukaryotic transcription]]" |
[সম্পাদনা করুন] তথ্যসূত্র
- দি নোবেল ফাউন্ডেশন (২০০৬)। [http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/index.html/
রসায়নে নোবেল]