Siapakah Yahudi?
From Wikipedia
Sebahagian dari siri rencana mengenai agama Yahudi |
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Siapakah Yahudi? · Etimologi · Budaya |
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Yahudi · Dasar teras |
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Divisyen etnik Yahudi |
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Populasi (bersejarah) · Mengikut negara |
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Mazhab Yahudi · Rabbi |
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Bahasa Yahudi |
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Gerakan politik Yahudi |
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Sejarah · Garis masa · Pemimpin |
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Penindasan Yahudi |
"Siapakah Yahudi?" (bahasa Ibrani: ?מיהו יהודי) merupakan perdebatan agama, sosial dan politik pada definisi tepat bagaimana seseorang dipertimbangkan sebagai seorang Yahudi. Frasa Hebrew Mihu Yehudi ("?מיהו יהודי", "Siapakah Yahudi?") diguna pakai secara meluas apabila beberapa kes undang-undang terkenal di Israel bergelut dengan perkara ini selepas pembentukan negara yahudi tersebut pada 1948. Oleh kerana Judaism berkongsi beberapa ciri sesuatu etnik dan satu agama, definisi seorang Yahudi berubah-ubah, bergantung samada satu pendekatan agama, sosiologi, etnik kepada sesuatu identiti itu digunakan. Persoalan ini telah dibawa bukan sahaja didalam komuniti Yahudi, tetapi juga pihak luar yang cuba untuj memahami dan/atau membuat peraturan dengannya.
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According to most definitions, a Jew is either born into the Jewish people, or becomes one through religious conversion. The debate centers around some of the following questions:
* Mixed parentage debate tries to identify when people with mixed parentage should be considered Jewish, and when they should not be. * Conversion debate centers around the process of religious conversion in an attempt to specify which conversions to Judaism should be considered valid, and which should not. * Life circumstances debate focuses on whether people's actions (such as conversion to a different religion) or circumstances in their lives (such as being unaware of Jewish parentage) affect their status as a Jew.
[Sunting] Perspektif
[Sunting] Di dalam arus perdana komuniti agama Yahudi
Merujuk kepada Halakha (tradisi dan undang-undang Yahudi), hanya satu kanak-kanak yang dilahirkan kepada mak Yahudi dikira sebagai seorang Yahudi. Satu bayi dengan seorang bapa Yahudi dan seorang mak bukan Yahudi dikira bukan seorang Yahudi. Although an infant conversion might be contemplated in some circumstances (such as in the case of adopted children or children whose parents convert), children who convert would typically be asked if they want to remain Jewish after reaching religious adulthood, which is 12 years old for a girl, 13 for a boy. This standard is applied within Conservative and Orthodox Judaism.
Other Jewish denominations, which do not accept Orthodox views of Jewish law as normative, have adopted different standards. American Reform Judaism and British Liberal Judaism accept the child of one Jewish parent (father or mother) as Jewish if the parents raise the child as a Jew by Progressive standards. All mainstream forms of Judaism today are open to sincere converts.
Though there is also controversy surrounding conversion to Judaism, all religious movements accept converts converted by their sects fully as Jews.