பேச்சு:இந்திய உயர்நீதிமன்றங்கள்
கட்டற்ற கலைக்களஞ்சியமான விக்கிபீடியாவில் இருந்து.
The High Courts are the principal civil courts of original jurisdiction in the state, and can try all offences including those punishable with death. However, the bulk of the work of most High Courts consists of Appeals from lowers courts and writ petitions in terms of Article 226 of the Constitution of India. The precise jurisdiction of each High Court varies. Each state is divided into judicial districts presided over by a 'District and Sessions Judge'. He is known as a District Judge when he presides over a civil case, and a Sessions Judge when he presides over a criminal case. He is the highest judicial authority below a High Court judge. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states.
Judges in a High Court are appointed by the President of India in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the governor of the state. High Courts are headed by a Chief Justice. The Chief Justices are ranked #14 (in their state) and #17 (outside their state) in the Indian order of precedence. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that High Court, whichever is higher.
The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in the country, established on 1862-07-02. High courts which handle a large number of cases of a particular region, have permanent benches (or a branch of the court) established there. Benches are also present in states which come under the jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits. Smaller states with few cases may have circuit benches established. Circuit benches (known as circuit courts in some parts of the world) are temporary courts which hold proceedings for a few selected months in a year. Thus cases built up during this interim period are judged when the circuit court is in session.
[தொகு] High Courts
The following are the twenty-one High Courts sorted by name, year established, Act by which it was established, jurisdiction, seat of governance (headquarters), benches (branches), and the maximum number of judges sanctioned.
Court name | Established | Act established | Jurisdiction | Seat | Benches | Jud. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allahabad High Court[1] | 1866-06-11 | High Courts Act, 1861 | Uttar Pradesh | Allahabad | Lucknow | 95 |
Andhra Pradesh High Court | 1954-07-05 | Andhra State Act, 1953 | Andhra Pradesh | Hyderabad | 39 | |
Bombay High Court | 1862-08-14 | High Courts Act, 1861 | Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu | Mumbai | Nagpur, Panaji, Aurangabad | 60 |
Calcutta High Court | 1862-07-02 | High Courts Act, 1861 | West Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Calcutta | Port Blair (circuit bench) | 63 |
Chhattisgarh High Court | 2000-01-11 | Madhya Pradesh Re-organisation Act, 2000 | Chhattisgarh | Bilaspur | 08 | |
Delhi High Court[2] | 1966-10-31 | Delhi High Court Order, 1966 | National Capital Territory of Delhi | New Delhi | 36 | |
Guwahati High Court[3] | 1948-03-01 | Government of India Act, 1935 | Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Mizoram | Guwahati | Kohima, Aizwal & Imphal. Circuit Bench at Agartala & Shillong | 27 |
Gujarat High Court | 1960-05-01 | Bombay Re-organsisation Act, 1960 | Gujarat | Ahmedabad | 42 | |
Himachal Pradesh High Court | 1971 | State of H.P. Act, 1970 | Himachal Pradesh | Shimla | 09 | |
Jammu and Kashmir High Court | 1943-08-28 | Letters Patent issued by the Maharaja of Kashmir | Jammu & Kashmir | Srinagar & Jammu[†] | 14 | |
Jharkhand High Court | 2000 | Bihar Re-organisation Act, 2000 | Jharkhand | Ranchi | 12 | |
Karnataka High Court[4] | 1884 | Mysore High Court Act, 1884 | Karnataka | Bangalore | 40 | |
Kerala High Court[5] | 1956 | States Reorganisation Act, 1956 | Kerala, Lakshadweep | Ernakulam | 40 | |
Madhya Pradesh High Court[6] | 1936-01-02 | Government of India Act, 1935 | Madhya Pradesh | Jabalpur | Gwalior, Indore | 42 |
Madras High Court | 1862-08-15 | High Courts Act, 1861 | Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry | Chennai | Madurai | 47 |
Orissa High Court | 1948-04-03 | Orissa High Court Order, 1948 | Orissa | Cuttack | 27 | |
Patna High Court | 1916-09-02 | Government of India Act, 1915 | Bihar | Patna | 43 | |
Punjab and Haryana High Court[7] | 1947-11-08 | High Court (Punjab) Order, 1947 | Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh | Chandigarh | 53 | |
Rajasthan High Court | 1949-06-21 | Rajasthan High Court Ordinance, 1949 | Rajasthan | Jodhpur | Jaipur | 40 |
Sikkim High Court | 1975 | 38th Amendment | Sikkim | Gangtok | 03 | |
Uttaranchal High Court | 2000 | U.P. Re-organisation Act, 2000 | Uttranchal | Nainital | 09 |
- †. ^ Srinagar is the summer capital, Jammu is the winter capital.
- ^ Originally known established at Agra. Shifted to Allahabad in 1875.
- ^ Lahore High Court established in 1919-03-21. Jurisdiction covered undivided Punjab and Delhi. In 1947-08-11 a separate High Court of Punjab was created with its seat at Simla under the Indian Independence Act, 1947 which had jurisdiction over Punjab, Delhi and present Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. In 1966 after the reorganisation of the State of Punjab, the High Court was designated as the High Court of Punjab and Haryana. The Delhi High Court was established on 1966-10-31 with its seat at Simla.
- ^ Originally known as the High Court of Assam and Nagaland, renamed as Guwahati High Court in 1971 by the North East Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971.
- ^ Originally known as Mysore High Court, renamed as Karnataka High Court in 1973.
- ^ The High Court of Travancore-Cochin was inaugurated at Ernakulam on 7 July 1949. The state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. That Act abolished the Travancore-Cochin High Court and created the Kerala High Court. The Act also extended the jurisdiction of the Kerala High Court to Lakshadweep.
- ^ Under the Government of India Act, 1935 by a Letters Patent dated 2-1-1936 a High Court was established at Nagpur for the Central Provinces. After the reogansiation of states, this High Court was shifted to Jabalpur in 1956.
- ^ Originally known as Punjab High Court, renamed as Punjab & Haryana High Court in 1966
[தொகு] High Courts by state/ union territory
State or UT | Court | City |
---|---|---|
Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Calcutta High Court | Kolkata |
Arunachal Pradesh | Guwahati High Court | Guwahati |
Andhra Pradesh | Andhra Pradesh High Court | Hyderabad |
Assam | Guwahati High Court | Guwahati |
Bihar | Patna High Court | Patna |
Chhattisgarh | Chhattisgarh High Court | Bilaspur |
Chandigarh | Punjab and Haryana High Court | Chandigarh |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli | Bombay High Court | Mumbai |
Daman and Diu | Bombay High Court | Mumbai |
National capital territory of Delhi | Delhi High Court | New Delhi |
Goa | Bombay High Court | Mumbai |
Gujarat | Gujarat High Court | Ahmedabad |
Haryana | Punjab and Haryana High Court | Chandigarh |
Himachal Pradesh | Himachal Pradesh High Court | Shimla |
Jammu and Kashmir | Jammu and Kashmir High Court | Srinagar/Jammu |
Jharkhand | Jharkhand High Court | Ranchi |
Karnataka | Karnataka High Court | Bangalore |
Kerala | Kerala High Court | Ernakulam |
Lakshadweep | Kerala High Court | Ernakulam |
Madhya Pradesh | Madhya Pradesh High Court | Jabalpur |
Maharashtra | Bombay High Court | Mumbai |
Manipur | Guwahati High Court | Guwahati |
Meghalaya | Guwahati High Court | Guwahati |
Mizoram | Guwahati High Court | Guwahati |
Nagaland | Guwahati High Court | Guwahati |
Orissa | Orissa High Court | Cuttack |
Pondicherry | Madras High Court | Chennai |
Punjab | Punjab and Haryana High Court | Chandigarh |
Rajasthan | Rajasthan High Court | Jodhpur |
Sikkim | Sikkim High Court | Gangtok |
Tamil Nadu | Madras High Court | Chennai |
Tripura | Guwahati High Court | Guwahati |
Uttaranchal | Uttaranchal High Court | Nainital |
Uttar Pradesh | Allahabad High Court | Allahabad |
West Bengal | Calcutta High Court | Kolkata |
[தொகு] References
- Jurisdiction and Seats of Indian High Courts. Eastern Book Company. இணைப்பு September 2, 2005 அன்று அணுகப்பட்டது.
- Judge strength in High Courts increased. Press Information Bureau – Govt. of India. இணைப்பு September 2, 2005 அன்று அணுகப்பட்டது.
- Judiciary. Supreme Court of India. இணைப்பு September 2, 2005 அன்று அணுகப்பட்டது.
- Constitution of India. Wikisource. இணைப்பு December 31, 2005 அன்று அணுகப்பட்டது.