مستخدم:Chaos/قائمة الفلاسفة

من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة

loupe النص الموجود في هذه الصفحة هو في مرحلة الترجمة إلى اللغة العربية, إذا كنت تعرف اللغة المستعملة, لا تتردد في الترجمة , و شكرا.

فهرست

[تحرير] A

  • Pietro d'Abano, (1250?-1316)
  • Firmin Abauzit, (1679-1767)
  • Nicola Abbagnano, (1901-1990)
  • Muhammad Abduh, (1849-1905)R
  • Jacob Friedrich von Abel, (1751-1829)
  • Pierre Abélard (or Peter Abelard), (1079-1142)COR
  • John Abercrombie, (1780-1844)
  • Abhinavagupta (fl. c. 975 - 1025)R
  • Johann Heinrich Abicht, (1762-1816)
  • Isaac ben Judah Abravanel, (1437-1508)CR
  • Judah ben Isaac Abravanel, (1460?-1535?)CR
  • Alessandro Achillini, (1463-1512)
  • Uriel Acosta, (1585-1640)
  • H. B. Acton, (1908-1974)
  • Adam Parvipontanus, (d. 1181)
  • Marilyn McCord Adams, (born 1943)O
  • Robert Adams, (born 1937)O
  • Robert Adamson, (1852-1902)
  • Adelard of Bath, (12th century)C
  • Mortimer Adler, (1902-2001)
  • Theodor Adorno, (1903-1969)COR
  • Aedesius, (d. 355)
  • Aenesidemus, (1st century BC)R
  • Sediq Afghan
  • Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, (1839-1897)R
  • Giorgio Agamben
  • Rodolphus Agricola, (1443-1485)R
  • Agrippa the Sceptic, (1st/2nd century)R
  • Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, (1436-1535)R
  • Pierre d'Ailly, (1350-1420)CR
  • Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, (1890-1963)OR
  • Konstantin Sergeyevich Aksakov, (1817-1860)
  • Alain de Lille, (c. 1128-1202)
  • Albert of Saxony (c. 1316-1390)CR
  • Leone Battista Alberti, (1404-1472)
  • Albertus Magnus (or Saint Albert the Great or Albert of Cologne), (1193?-1280)COR
  • Albinus (c. 130)
  • Joseph Albo, (1380-1444)OR
  • Rogers Albritton
  • Alcibiades, (c. 450-404 BC)
  • Alcinous, (2nd century)R
  • Alcmaeon of Croton, (5th century BC)OR
  • Virgil Aldrich, (1903-1998)O
  • Yohanan ben Isaac Alemanno, (1433-1504)R
  • Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, (1912-1999)
  • Alexander of Aphrodisias, (2nd century)CR
  • Alexander of Hales, (d. 1245)CR
  • Gerda Alexander
  • Samuel Alexander, (1859-1938)COR
  • Robert Alexy, (born 1945)
  • Francesco Algarotti, (1712-1764)
  • Dante Alighieri, (1265-1321)OR
  • Archibald Alison, (1757-1839)R
  • Henry Allison
  • William Alston, (born 1921)CO
  • Louis Althusser, (1918-1990)COR
  • Bhimrao Ambedkar, (1891-1956)R
  • Ambrose, (c. 340-397)C
  • Henri-Frédéric Amiel, (1821-1881)
  • Abu'l Hasan Muhammad Ibn Yusuf al-'Amiri, (d. 992)R
  • Ammonius Hermiae, (5th century)R
  • Ammonius Saccas, (3rd century)C
  • Anton Wilhelm Amo, (1703-c. 1759)R
  • Anacharsis, (6th century BC)
  • Anandavardhana, (820-890)
  • Anaxagoras, (died 462 BC)COR
  • Anaxarchus, (fl. 340 BC)R
  • Anaxilaus, (1st century BC)
  • Anaximander, (609 BC,610 BC-c. 547 BC)COR
  • Anaximenes of MiletusCOR
  • Anaxiphales, (c. 337 BC)
  • Alan Ross Anderson, (1925-1973)O
  • John Anderson, (1893-1962)OR
  • Andronicus of Rhodes, (c. 70 BC)C
  • Anniceris, (fl. 300 BC)C
  • G. E. M. Anscombe, (1918-2001)COR
  • Anselm, (1034-1109)COR
  • Antiochus of Ascalon, (c. 130-68 BC)COR
  • Antiphon, (480-403 BC)R
  • Antisthenes, (c. 444-365)OR
  • Karl-Otto Apel
  • Apollonius of Tyana, (2-98)
  • Anthony Appiah
  • Apuleius, (c. 123-c. 180)R
  • Thomas Aquinas, (1225-1274)COR
  • Isaac ben Moses Arama, (1420-1494)R
  • Arcesilaus, (316-241 BC)COR
  • Archimedes, (d. 212 BC)
  • Archytas, (428-347 BC)CR
  • Roberto Ardigo, (1828-1920)
  • Hannah Arendt, (1906-1975)COR
  • Aristides, (fl. 2nd century)
  • Aristippus the Elder of Cyrene, (c. 435-366 BC)OR
  • Ariston of Chios, (fl. 250 BC)R
  • أرسطو, (384 BC-322 BC)COR
  • Aristoxenus, (4th century BC)
  • Arius, (256-336)
  • Jacobus Arminius, (1560-1609)C
  • David Malet Armstrong, (born 1926)COR
  • Antoine Arnauld, (1612-1694)COR
  • Raymond Aron, (1905-1983)
  • Kenneth Arrow, (born 1921)O
  • Asclepiades
  • Valentin Ferdinandovich Asmus, (1894-1975)R
  • Aspasius, (c. 100-150)
  • Georg Anton Friedrich Ast, (1778-1841)
  • Mary Astell, (1666-1731)CR
  • Athanasius of Alexandria, (298-373)C
  • Titus Pomponius Atticus, (110-32 BC)
  • Robert Audi
  • Augustine of Hippo, (354-430)COR
  • Marcus Aurelius, (121-180)COR
  • Peter Aureol, (c. 1280-1322)R
  • Sri Aurobindo, (1872-1950)OR
  • John Austin, (1790-1859)COR
  • John Langshaw Austin, (1911-1960)COR
  • Richard Avenarius, (1843-1896)COR
  • ابن رشد (1126-1198)COR
  • ابن سينا ((980-1037)COR
  • Alfred Jules Ayer, (1910-1989)COR
  • Pierre Hyacinthe Azais, (1766-1845)

[تحرير] B

  • Franz Xaver von Baader, (1765-1841)
  • Charles Babbage, (1791-1871)C
  • Gaston Bachelard, (1884-1962)COR
  • Francis Bacon, (1561-1626)COR
  • Roger Bacon, (1214-1294)COR
  • Alain Badiou, (born 1937)
  • Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi, (1080-1165)R
  • Annette Baier, (born 1929)O
  • Kurt Baier, (born 1917)O
  • Alexander Bain, (1818-1903)CO
  • Mikhail Bakhtin, (1895-1975)COR
  • Mikhail Bakunin, (1814-1876)COR
  • James Mark Baldwin, (1861-1934)
  • John Balguy, (1686-1748)
  • Étienne Balibar
  • Pierre-Simon Ballanche, (1776-1847)
  • Domingo Báñez, (1528-1604)CR
  • Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi, (1070-1136)R
  • Yehoshua Bar-Hillel, (1915-1975)
  • Christoph Gottfried Bardili, (1761-1808)
  • Stephen Barker
  • Jonathan Barnes, (born 1942)O
  • Brian Barry, (born 1936)O
  • Karl Barth, (1886-1968)OR
  • Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire, (1805-1895)
  • Roland Barthes, (1915-1980)CR
  • Bartolus de Saxoferrato, (1313-1357)R
  • Jon Barwise, (1942-2000)
  • Jacques Barzun, (born 1907)
  • Basilides, (c. 117-138)C
  • Sebastiano Basso, (16th century)
  • Georges Bataille, (1897-1962)CR
  • Jean Baudrillard, (born 1929) R
  • Bruno Bauer, (1809-1882)OR
  • David Baumgardt, (1890-1963)R
  • Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, (1714-1762)CR
  • Pierre Bayle, (1647-1706)COR
  • Monroe Beardsley, (1915-1985)
  • James Beattie, (1735-1803)CR
  • Jean Beaufret, (1907-1982)
  • Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria, (1738-1794)C
  • Jacob Sigismund Beck, (1761-1840)R
  • William Bechtel
  • Oskar Becker
  • Hamdija Begovic
  • Vissarion Belinsky, (1811-1848)R
  • Nuel Belnap, (born 1930)O
  • Paul Benacerraf
  • Julien Benda, (1867-1956)
  • Friedrich Eduard Beneke, (1798-1854)C
  • Walter Benjamin, (1892-1940)OR
  • Jonathan Bennett, (born 1930)O
  • Geoffrey Bennington
  • Jeremy Bentham, (1748-1832)COR
  • Richard Bentley, (1662-1742)R
  • Nikolai Berdyaev, (1874-1948)COR
  • Gustav Bergmann, (1906-1987)CO
  • Henri Bergson, (1859-1941)COR
  • George Berkeley, (1685-1753)COR
  • Isaiah Berlin, (1909-1997)COR
  • Bernard of Chartres, (d. 1130)C
  • Bernard of Clairvaux, (1090-1153)CR
  • Bernard Silvestris (or Bernard of Tours), (1147-1178)R
  • François Bernier, (1620-1688)R
  • Eduard Bernstein, (1850-1932)R
  • Homi Bhabha, (born 1949)
  • Bhartrhari, (5th century)R
  • Roy Bhaskar, (born 1944)
  • Gabriel Biel, (1425-1495)R
  • Hugh Binning, (1627-1653)
  • Harry Binswanger, (born 1944)
  • Nathan Birnbaum, (1864-1937)
  • Max Black, (1909-1988)O
  • Simon Blackburn, (born 1944)O
  • William Blackstone, (1723-1780)R
  • Hugh Blair, (1718-1800)R
  • Maurice Blanchot, (1907-2003)R
  • Brand Blanshard, (1892-1987)O
  • Blasius of Parma (or Biagio Pelacani da Parma), (1345-1416)R
  • David Blitz, (born 1949)
  • Ernst Bloch, (1885-1977)COR
  • Ned Block, (born 1942)O
  • Maurice Blondel, (1861-1949)C
  • Benjamin Paul Blood, (1832-1919)
  • Allan Bloom, (1930-1992)
  • Blossius, (2nd century BC)
  • Hermann Blumenau, (1819-1899)
  • Norberto Bobbio, (1909-2004)OR
  • Jozef Maria Bochenski, (1902-1995)
  • Jean Bodin, (1530-1596)COR
  • Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, (AD 480-524 or 525)COR
  • Boëthius of Dacia, (c. 1240-c. 1280)R
  • Alexander Bogdanov, (1873-1928)OR
  • Jakob Böhme, (1575-1624)CR
  • Niels Bohr, (1885-1962)OR
  • Samuel Bold, (1649-1737)R
  • Ludwig Boltzmann, (1844-1906)CO
  • Bernard Bolzano, (1781-1848)COR
  • Louis Gabriel Ambroise de Bonald, (1754-1840)
  • Bonaventure, (1221-1274)COR
  • Dietrich Bonhoeffer, (1906-1945)R
  • Laurence BonJour
  • Charles Bonnet, (1720-1793)R
  • John Elof Boodin, (1869-1950)
  • George Boole, (1815-1864)OR
  • George Boolos, (1940-1996)
  • Bernard Bosanquet, (1848-1923)COR
  • Rudjer Boscovich, (1711-1787)C
  • Pierre Bourdieu, (1930-2002)R
  • Emile Boutroux, (1845-1921)R
  • Oets Kolk Bouwsma, (1898-1978)C
  • Borden Parker Bowne, (1847-1910)R
  • Robert Boyle, (1627-1691)COR
  • F. H. Bradley, (1846-1924)COR
  • Thomas Bradwardine, (c. 1290-1349)R
  • Richard-Bevan Braithwaite, (1900-1990)O
  • Robert Brandom
  • Richard B. Brandt, (1910-1997)CO
  • Franz Brentano, (1838-1917)COR
  • Percy Williams Bridgman, (1882-1961)OR
  • Edgar S. Brightman, (1884-1953)O
  • Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, (1755-1826)O
  • Richard Brinkley, (fl. 1350-1373)R
  • Radulphus Brito, (c. 1270-c. 1320)R
  • C. D. Broad, (1887-1971)COR
  • Stephen Bronner, (born 1949)
  • Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer, (1881-1966)CO
  • Thomas Brown, (1778-1820)R
  • Bryn Browne
  • Peter Browne, (1666-1735)R
  • Thomas Browne, (1605-1682)
  • Orestes Brownson, (1803-1876)O
  • Constantin Brunner, (1862-1937)
  • Emil Brunner, (1889-1966)R
  • Giordano Bruno, (1548-1600)COR
  • Leon Brunschvicg, (1869–1944)COR
  • James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce, (1838-1922)R
  • Martin Buber, (1878-1965)COR
  • Justus Buchler, (1914-1991)O
  • Ludwig Büchner, (1824-1899)R
  • Malcolm Budd, (born 1941)O
  • Buddhaghosa, (5th century)C
  • Claude Buffier, (1661-1737)R
  • Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, (1707-1788)R
  • Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov, (1871-1944)R
  • Rudolf Bultmann, (1884-1976)OR
  • Mario Bunge, (born 1919)
  • Jacob Burckhardt, (1818-1897)O
  • Tyler Burge, (born 1946)O
  • Jean Buridan, (1300-1358)COR
  • Edmund Burke, (1729-1797)COR
  • Walter Burley, (c. 1275-c. 1345)CR
  • John Burnheim
  • Myles Frederic Burnyeat, (born 1939)O
  • Richard Burthogge, (1638-1704)R
  • Joseph Butler, (1692-1752)COR
  • Judith Butler, (born 1956)
  • Samuel Butler, (1835-1902)O

[تحرير] C

  • Pierre Jean George Cabanis, (1757-1808)R
  • Amílcar Cabral, (1924-1973)R
  • Cai Yuanpei, (1868-1940)
  • Edward Caird, (1835-1908)C
  • Thomas Cajetan, (1469-1534)COR
  • Calcidius, (4th century)R
  • Mary Whiton Calkins, (1863-1930)
  • Callicles, (late 5th century BC)R
  • John Calvin, (1509-1564)CR
  • Tommaso Campanella, (1568-1639)COR
  • George Campbell, (1719-1796)R
  • John Campbell
  • Norman Robert Campbell, (1880-1949)CR
  • Albert Camus, (1913-1960)COR
  • Georges Canguilhem, (1904-1995)C
  • Georg Cantor, (1845-1918)COR
  • Johannes Capreolus, (1380-1444)R
  • John D. Caputo, (born 1940)
  • Gerolamo Cardano, (1501-1576)R
  • Thomas Carlyle, (1795-1881)CR
  • Gershom Carmichael, (c. 1672-1729)R
  • Rudolf Carnap, (1891-1970)COR
  • Carneades, (c. 214-129 BC)OR
  • Lewis Carroll, (1832-1898)COR
  • Nancy Cartwright (born 1943)O
  • Paul Carus, (1852-1919)
  • Ernst Cassirer, (1874-1945)COR
  • Hector-Neri Castañeda, (1924-1991)C
  • Cornelius Castoriadis, (1922-1997)
  • Carlo Cattaneo, (1801-1869)R
  • Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti (died c. 1280)
  • Stanley Cavell, (born 1926)COR
  • Margaret Cavendish, (1623-1673)CR
  • Cebes
  • Celsus of Alexandria, (2nd century)CR
  • Michel de Certeau, (1925-1986)R
  • Andrea Cesalpino, (1519-1603)
  • Petr Iakovlevich Chaadev, (1794-1856)R
  • Chaerephon
  • David Chalmers, (born 1966)
  • Heinrich Moritz Chalybäus, (1796-1862)
  • Timothy Chambers
  • Rafe Champion
  • Chanakya (or Kautilya) (321-296 BC)R
  • Candrakirti
  • Chang Hsueh-ch'eng (or Zhang Xuecheng), (1738-1801)C
  • Chang Tsai (or Zhang Zai), (1020-1077)R
  • Walter Charleton, (1619-1707)R
  • Pierre Charron, (1541-1603)CR
  • Emile Auguste Chartier, (1868-1951)
  • Walter Chatton, (1290-1343)R
  • Haridas Chaudhuri, (1913-1975)
  • Ch'en Hsien-chang, (1428-1500)C
  • Cheng Hao (or Ch'eng Ming-Tao), (1032-1085)CR
  • Cheng Hsuan (or Zheng Xuan), (127-200)R
  • Cheng Yi (or Ch'eng Yi Chu'an), (1033-1107)CR
  • Nikolai Chernyshevsky, (1828-1889)R
  • Chia Yi (or Jia Yi or Chia I), (201-169 BC)CR
  • Chiao Hung, (1540-1620)C
  • Ch'ien Mu, (1895-1990)C
  • Chih Tun (or Zhi Dun) (314-366)R
  • William Chillingworth, (1602-1644)R
  • Roderick Chisholm, (1916-1999)COR
  • Noam Chomsky, (born 1928)COR
  • Tasan Chông Yagyong, (1762-1836)R
  • Chou Tun-Yi (or Zhou Dunyi or Chou Lien-Hsi or Zhou Lianxi), (1017-1073)CR
  • Christine de Pizan, (c. 1365-c. 1430)R
  • Andrea Christofidou
  • Chrysanthius, (4th century)
  • Chrysippus, (279-207 BC)OR
  • Manuel Chrysoloras, (c. 1355-1415)
  • Alonzo Church, (1903-1995)COR
  • Patricia Churchland, (born 1943)C
  • Paul Churchland, (born 1942)CO
  • Leon Chwistek, (1884-1944)
  • Cicero, (106 BC-43 BC)COR
  • August Cieszkowski, (1814-1894)R
  • Hélène Cixous, (born 1937)R
  • Clarembald of Arras, (1110-1187)R
  • Andy Clark
  • Samuel Clarke, (1675-1729)COR
  • Johannes Clauberg, (1622-1665)R
  • Cleanthes, (301-232 BC)R
  • Clement of Alexandria, (2nd-3rd century)CR
  • Cleobulus
  • Cleomedes, (2nd century)R
  • William Kingdon Clifford, (1845-1879)CO
  • Catherine Trotter Cockburn, (1679-1749)CR
  • David Cockburn
  • G.A. Cohen, (born 1941)O
  • Hermann Cohen, (1842-1918)COR
  • L. Jonathan Cohen, (born 1923)O
  • Samuel Taylor Coleridge, (1772-1834)OR
  • Lucio Colletti, (1924-2001)O
  • Arthur Collier, (1680-1732)CR
  • R. G. Collingwood, (1889-1943)COR
  • Anthony Collins, (1676-1729)OR
  • John Comenius, (1592-1670)OR
  • Auguste Comte, (1798-1857)COR
  • André Comte-Sponville, (born 1952)
  • Marcel Conche
  • Gerhard Anna Concic-Kaucic, (born 1959)
  • Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, (1715-1780)COR
  • Marquis de Condorcet, (1743-1794)CR
  • Confucius, (551 BC - 479 BC)COR
  • Benjamin Constant, (1767-1830)COR
  • Lady Anne Finch Conway, (1631-1679)COR
  • Josephus Flavius Cook, (1838-1901)
  • Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy, (1877-1947)
  • Nicolaus Copernicus, (1473-1543)OR
  • Frederick Copleston, (1907-1994)
  • Geraud de Cordemoy, (1626-1684)CR
  • Hans Cornelius, (1863-1947)
  • Antoine Augustin Cournot, (1801-1877)CR
  • Victor Cousin, (1792-1867)CR
  • Louis Couturat, (1868-1914)CO
  • Chris Cowan
  • William Lane Craig, (born 1949)
  • Johann Ulrich von Cramer, (1706-1772)
  • Crantor, (4th century BC)
  • Crates of Thebes, (4th century BC)
  • William Crathorn, (14th century)R
  • Cratylus of Athens, (c. 400 BC)OR
  • James Edwin Creighton, (1861-1924)
  • Johannes Crellius, (1590-1633)
  • Hasdai Crescas, (c. 1340-1410)COR
  • Benedetto Croce, (1866-1952)COR
  • Jean-Pierre de Crousaz, (1663-1750)
  • Christian August Crusius, (1715-1775)CR
  • Ralph Cudworth, (1617-1688)OR
  • Nathaniel Culverwel, (1633-1651)R
  • Richard Cumberland, (1631?-1718)CR
  • Cyril of Alexandria, (376-444)
  • Tadeusz Czezowski, (1889-1981)
  • Heinrich Czolbe, (1819-1873)C

[تحرير] D

  • Jean le Rond d'Alembert, (1717-1783)COR
  • Damascius, (c. 462-540)CR
  • Pietro Damiani, (c. 1007-1072)R
  • Nikolay Danilevsky (1822-1885)
  • Arthur Danto, (born 1924)CO
  • Charles Darwin, (1809-1882)R
  • David of Dinant, (12th century)R
  • David the Invincible, (late 6th century)
  • Donald Davidson, (1917-2003)COR
  • Michael Davis
  • Stuart Davis, (born 1971)
  • Jalal al-Din al-Dawani, (1426-1502)R
  • Simone de Beauvoir, (1908-1986)OR
  • Bruno de Finetti, (1906-1985)O
  • Joseph de Maistre, (1753-1821)CO
  • Paul de Man, (1919-1983)R
  • Augustus De Morgan, (1806-1871)COR
  • Francesco De Sanctis, (1817-1883)
  • Emerich de Vattel, (1714-1767)
  • Guy Debord, (1931-1994)
  • Richard Dedekind, (1831-1916)COR
  • Gilles Deleuze, (1925-1995)OR
  • Galvano Della Volpe
  • Elijah Delmedigo, (1460-1497)R
  • Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, (1484-1558)
  • Demetrius the Cynic
  • Democritus, (born 460 BC)COR
  • Daniel Dennett, (born 1942)COR
  • Denys the Carthusian (or Denys de Leeuwis), (1402-1471)R
  • Jacques Derrida, (1930-2004)COR
  • John Theophilus Desaguliers, (1683-1744)
  • René Descartes, (1596-1650)COR
  • Vincent Descombes, (1948-present)
  • Robert Desgabets, (1610-1678)R
  • Paul Deussen, (1845-1919)
  • John Dewey, (1859-1952)COR
  • Dharmakirti, (c. 7th century)CR
  • Diagoras
  • Sousa Dias, (born 1956)
  • Albert Venn Dicey, (1835-1922)R
  • Denis Diderot, (1713-1784)COR
  • Dietrich of Freiberg, (13th century)R
  • Kenelm Digby, (1603-1665)R
  • Dignaga, (c. 480-c. 540)R
  • Wilhelm Dilthey, (1833-1911)COR
  • Hugo Dingler, (1881-1954)
  • Diodorus Cronos, (3rd century BC)R
  • Diogenes Laertius, (3rd century)OR
  • Diogenes Apolloniates, (c. 460 BC)R
  • Diogenes of Oenoanda, (2nd Century)R
  • Diogenes the Cynic of Sinope, (412-323 BC)OR
  • Humphry Ditton, (1675-1715)
  • Dogen Zenji (or Dōgen Kigen), (1200-1253)OR
  • Daniel Dombrowski (1953-present)
  • Dong Zhongshu (or Tung Chung-shu), (c. 176-c. 104)CR
  • Keith Donnellan
  • Herman Dooyeweerd, (1894-1977)R
  • Elliot N. Dorff
  • Fyodor Dostoevsky, (1821-1881)R
  • Fred Dretske, (born 1932)CO
  • Hubert Dreyfus
  • Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch
  • Emil du Bois-Reymond, (1818-1896)R
  • Émilie du Châtelet, (1706-1749)R
  • Guillaume du Vair, (1556-1621)C
  • Curt Ducasse, (1881-1969)COR
  • Pierre Duhem, (1861-1916)COR
  • Eugen Dühring, (1833-1921)OR
  • Michael Dummett, (born 1925)COR
  • Duns Scotus, (c. 1266-1308)COR
  • Profiat Duran (or Efodi or Isaac ben Moses Levi) (c. 1349-c. 1414)R
  • Simeon ben Zemah Duran (or Rashbaz), (1361-1444)R
  • Durandus of St. Pourçain, (c. 1275-1334)R
  • Émile Durkheim, (1858-1917)OR
  • Ronald Dworkin, (born 1931)COR
  • Miroslaw Dzielski, (1941-1989)

[تحرير] E

  • Julius Ebbinghaus, (1885-1981)
  • Johann Augustus Eberhard, (1739-1809)R
  • Meister Eckhart, (1260-1327/8)CR
  • Umberto Eco, (born 1932)C
  • Dorothy Edgington
  • Jonathan Edwards, (1703-1758)COR
  • Paul Edwards, (1923-2004)O
  • Christian von Ehrenfels, (1856-1932)
  • Albert Einstein, (1879-1955)COR
  • Mircea Eliade, (1907-1986)R
  • George Eliot, (1819-1880)R
  • Elisabeth of Bohemia, (1618-1680)CR
  • Jacques Ellul, (1912-1994)
  • Jon Elster, (born 1940)O
  • Ralph Waldo Emerson, (1803-1882)COR
  • Empedocles, (490 BC-430 BC)COR
  • Friedrich Engels (1820-1895)COR
  • Epicharmus, (c. 540-450 BC)R
  • Epictetus, (AD 55-circa 135)OR
  • Epicurus, (341 BC-270 BC)OR
  • Epimenides, (6th century BC)
  • Desiderius Erasmus, (1466-1536)COR
  • Johannes Scotus Erigina, (c. 800-c. 880)COR
  • Eubulides of Miletus, (4th century BC)
  • Rudolf Christoph Eucken, (1846-1926)
  • Euclid of Alexandria, (c. 365-275 BC)
  • Euclid of Megara, (c. 400 BC)
  • Eudoxus of Cnidus, (410 or 408 BC - 355 or 347 BC)CR
  • Eusebius of Caesarea, (264-339)R
  • Gareth Evans, (1946-1980)OR
  • [[Stanley Eveling(philosopherandplayright)
  • Julius Evola, (1898-1974)

[تحرير] F

  • Emil Fackenheim, (1916-2003)R
  • Thome H. Fang, (1899-1976)C
  • Frantz Fanon, (1925-1961)OR
  • Al-Farabi, (870–950)COR
  • Michelangelo Fardella, (1646-1718)R
  • Austin Marsden Farrer, (1904-1968)R
  • Favorinus, (c. 80-c. 150)
  • Fazang (or Fa-Tsang), (643-712)R
  • Gustav Fechner, (1801-1887)CR
  • Herbert Feigl, (1902-1988)
  • Joel Feinberg, (1926-2004)O
  • François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon, (1651-1715)R
  • Feng Youlan, (1895-1990)C
  • Ernest Fenollosa, (1853-1908)
  • Adam Ferguson, (1723-1816)COR
  • Giuseppe Ferrari, (1812-1876)
  • Jose Ferrater-Mora, (1912-1991)O
  • James Frederick Ferrier, (1808-1864)R
  • Ludwig Feuerbach, (1804-1872)COR
  • Paul Feyerabend, (1924-1994)OR
  • Johann Gottlieb Fichte, (1762-1814)COR
  • Immanuel Hermann Fichte, (1797-1879)
  • Marsilio Ficino, (1433-1499)COR
  • Hartry Field, (born 1946)O
  • Robert Filmer, (1588-1653)COR
  • John Finnis, (born 1940)O
  • Kuno Fischer, (1824-1907)
  • John Fiske, (1842-1901)
  • Franciszek Fiszer, (1860-1937)
  • Antony Flew, (born 1923)
  • Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskii, (1882-1937)R
  • Georges Florovsky, (1893-1979)
  • Robert Fludd, (1574-1637)CR
  • Vilém Flusser, (1920-1991)
  • Jerry Fodor, (born 1935)COR
  • Robert J. Fogelin, (born 1932)O
  • Dagfinn Føllesdal, (born 1932)O
  • Pedro da Fonseca, (1528-1599)CR
  • Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, (1657-1757)CR
  • Philippa Foot, (born 1920)CO
  • David Fordyce, (1711-1751)C
  • Eckart Forster
  • Michel Foucault, (1926-1984)COR
  • Simon Foucher, (1644-1696)R
  • Charles Fourier, (1772-1837)C
  • Francis of Assisi, (1181-1226)
  • Francis of Meyronnes, (1285-1328)R
  • Jerome Frank, (1889-1957)R
  • Philipp Frank
  • Semën Liudvigovich Frank (1877-1950)R
  • William K. Frankena, (1908-1994)CO
  • Harry Gordon Frankfurt, (born 1929)O
  • Benjamin Franklin, (1706-1790)OR
  • Oliver Shewell Franks, (1905-1992)
  • Michael Frede, (born 1940)O
  • Gottlob Frege, (1848-1925)COR
  • Hans Frei, (1922-1988)R
  • Jakob Friedrich Fries, (1773-1843)R
  • Sigmund Freud, (1856-1939)COR
  • Hans Freyer, (1887-1969)
  • Northrop Frye, (1912-1991)
  • Fujiwara Seika, (1561-1619)R
  • Lon L. Fuller, (1902-1978)R
  • Casey Fulton
  • Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov, (1828-1906)R

[تحرير] G

  • Gadadhara Bhattacharya, (1604-1709)R
  • Hans-Georg Gadamer, (1900-2002)COR
  • Gaius, (110-180)R
  • Galen, (131-201)COR
  • Galileo Galilei, (1564-1642)COR
  • Mahatma Gandhi, (1869-1948)COR
  • Gangeśa, (fl. c. 1325)R
  • Martin Gardner, (born 1914)
  • Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange, (1887-1964)R
  • Pierre Gassendi, (1592-1655)COR
  • Aksapada Gautama, (c. 2nd century BC)R
  • Nārāyana Guru(1856-1928)
  • Siddhartha Gautama (or Buddha), (ca. 563-483 BC)CR
  • David Gauthier, (born 1932)O
  • John Gay, (1685-1732)C
  • Peter Geach, (born 1919)CO
  • Ernest Gellner (1925-1995)
  • Geminus, (c. 110-c. 40 BC)
  • Gennadius Scholarius, (died c. 1473)
  • Giovanni Gentile, (1875-1944)COR
  • Gerhard Gentzen, (1909-1945)OR
  • George of Trebizond, (1395-1484)R
  • Gerard of Cremona, (1114-1187)R
  • Gerard of Odo (or Gerald Odonis), (1290-1349)R
  • Alexander Gerard, (1728-1795)R
  • Gerbert of Aurillac (or Pope Silvester II) (c. 950-1003)R
  • Giacinto Cardinal Sigismondo Gerdil, (1718-1802)R
  • Jean Gerson, (1363-1429)CR
  • Gersonides (or Levi ben Gershon), (1288-1344)CR
  • Bernard Gert, (born 1934)
  • Edmund Gettier, (born 1927)O
  • Arnold Geulincx, (1624-1669)COR
  • Raymond Geuss
  • Alan Gewirth, (1912-2004)O
  • Al-Ghazali, (1058-1111)COR
  • Allan Gibbard, (born 1942)O
  • Otto von Gierke
  • Bishop Gilbert of Poitiers, (1070-1154)R
  • Giles of Rome, (c. 1243-1316)COR
  • Neil Gillman
  • Charlotte Perkins Gilman, (1860-1935)
  • Étienne Gilson, (1884-1978)CO
  • Asher Ginsberg (or Ahad Ha'am), (1856-1927)R
  • Vincenzo Gioberti, (1801-1852)CR
  • Rene Girard, (born 1923)
  • Thomas Gisbourne, (1758-1846)
  • Joseph Glanvill, (1636-1680)CR
  • Ernst von Glasersfeld
  • Jonathan Glover, (born 1941)O
  • Clark Glymour
  • Arthur de Gobineau, (1816-1882}
  • Rudolph Goclenius, (1547-1628)C
  • Kurt Gödel, (1906-1978)OR
  • Godfrey of Fontaines, (c. 1250-1309)CR
  • William Godwin, (1756-1836)COR
  • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, (1749-1832)COR
  • Alvin Ira Goldman, (born 1938)CO
  • Lucien Goldmann, (1913-1970)
  • Gongsun Longzi, (c. 300 BC)C
  • Nelson Goodman, (1906-1998)COR
  • Gorgias, (c. 483-375 BC)COR
  • Wawrzyniec Grzymala Goslicki (1530-1607)
  • Baltasar Gracián y Morales, (1601-1658)C
  • Antonio Gramsci, (1891-1937)COR
  • Guido Grandi, (1671-1742)
  • D. Granosalis
  • George Grant, (1918-1988)
  • Richard Grathoff, (born 1934)
  • Clare W. Graves, (1914-1986)
  • John Gray, (born 1948)
  • A. C. Grayling, (born 1949)
  • Celia Green, (born 1935)
  • Thomas Hill Green, (1836-1882)COR
  • Pope Gregory I, (540-604)CO
  • Gregory of Nyssa, (c. 335-398)C
  • Gregory of Rimini, (d. 1358)CR
  • Alex Grey, (born 1953)
  • Herbert Paul Grice, (1913-1988)COR
  • James Griffin, (born 1933)O
  • Germain Grisez, (born 1929)O
  • Robert Grosseteste, (1175-1253)COR
  • Reinhardt Grossman, (born 1931)O
  • George Grote, (1794-1871)
  • John Grote, (1813-1866)R
  • Hugo Grotius, (1583-1645)COR
  • Adolf Grunbaum, (born 1923)O
  • Guan Zhong (or Kuan Tzu or Kwan Chung or Guanzi) (740-645 BC)CR
  • Félix Guattari, (1930-1992)
  • D. V. Gundappa
  • Dominicus Gundissalinus, (12th century)
  • Gotthard Günther, (1900-1984)
  • G. I. Gurdjieff, (1872-1949)
  • Edmund Gurney, (1847-1888)R
  • Kwame Gyekye

[تحرير] H

  • Susan Haack, (born 1945)
  • Jürgen Habermas, (born 1929)COR
  • Ian Hacking, (born 1936)O
  • Paul Haeberlin, (1878-1960)
  • Ernst Haeckel, (1834-1919)CR
  • Axel Anders Theodor Hagerstrom, (1868-1939)R
  • Yehuda Halevi, (c. 1085-1141)COR
  • Werner Hamacher, (born 1948)
  • Johann Georg Hamann, (1730-1788)CR
  • Charles Hamblin, (1922-1985)
  • Sir William Hamilton, (1788-1856)COR
  • David Walter Hamlyn, (born 1924)O
  • Stuart Hampshire, (1914-2004)O
  • Béla Hamvas, (1897-1968)
  • Han Feizi, (d. 233 BC)CR
  • Han Wonjin, (1682-1751)R
  • Han Yu, (768-824)CR
  • Alastair Hannay, (born 1932)O
  • Eduard Hanslick, (1825-1904)R
  • Norwood Russell Hanson, (1922-1967)R
  • John Hare
  • R. M. Hare, (1919-2002)COR
  • Gilbert Harman, (born 1938)O
  • Friedrich Harms, (1819-1880)
  • James Harrington, (1611-1677)R
  • William Torrey Harris, (1835-1909)
  • H. L. A. Hart, (1907-1992)COR
  • David Hartley, (1705-1757)COR
  • Eduard Von Hartmann, (1842-1906)COR
  • Nicolai Hartmann, (1882-1950)COR
  • Charles Hartshorne, (1897-2000)CO
  • John Haugeland, (born 1948)
  • Friedrich Hayek, (1899-1992)OR
  • Rudolf Haym, (1821-1901)
  • Hecato of Rhodes
  • G.W.F. Hegel, (1770-1831)COR
  • Hegesias of Magnesia, (c. 300 BC)
  • Martin Heidegger, (1889-1976)COR
  • Werner Heisenberg, (1901-1976)OR
  • Hermann von Helmholtz, (1821-1894)CR
  • Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont, (1614-1698)R
  • Claude Adrien Helvétius, (1715-1771)COR
  • Carl Gustav Hempel, (1905-1997)COR
  • Henricus Regius, (1598-1679)R
  • Henry of Ghent, (c. 1217-1293)COR
  • Henry of Harclay, (1270-1317)R
  • Michel Henry, (1922-2002)
  • Ronald William Hepburn, (born 1927)O
  • Heraclides Ponticus, (387-312 BC)R
  • Heraclitus of Ephesus, (ca. 535-475 BC)COR
  • Johann Friedrich Herbart, (1776-1841)CR
  • Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, (1583-1648)R
  • Johann Gottfried Herder, (1744-1803)COR
  • Herman of Carinthia, (c. 1100-c. 1160)
  • Abraham Cohen de Herrera (or Alonso Nunez de Herrera or Abraham Irira), (1562-1635)R
  • Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, (1857-1894)R
  • Hervaeus Natalis (or Herve Nedellec), (1250-1323)R
  • Alexander Herzen, (1812-1870)COR
  • Abraham Joshua Heschel, (1907-1972)R
  • Hesiod, (c. 700 BC)R
  • Moses Hess, (1812-1875)R
  • Mary Hesse, (born 1924)
  • Sergei Iosifovich Hessen, (1887-1950)R
  • William of Heytesbury (or Hentisberus or Hentisberi or Tisberi), (1313-1373)CR
  • Hicetas, (400-335 BC)
  • John Hick, (born 1922)O
  • Laurens Perseus Hickok, (1798-1888)
  • Hierocles the Stoic, (2nd century)R
  • David Hilbert, (1862-1943)CO
  • Alice von Hildebrand, (born 1923)
  • Dietrich von Hildebrand, (1889-1977)
  • Hildegard of Bingen, (1098-1179)R
  • Hillel ben Samuel of Verona, (1220-1295)R
  • Al-Hilli, (1250-1325)
  • Himerius, (315-386)
  • Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm Hinrichs, (1794-1861)
  • Jaakko Hintikka, (born 1929)CO
  • Hipparchia, (4th century BC)
  • Hippasus, (c. 500 BC)
  • Hippias, (5th century BC)R
  • Hippocrates, (460-380 BC)CO
  • Ho Yen, (190-249)C
  • Thomas Hobbes, (1588-1679)COR
  • Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, (1864-1929)O
  • William Ernest Hocking, (1873-1966)O
  • Shadworth Hodgson, (1832-1912)O
  • Josef Hoëné-Wronski, (1778-1853)
  • Harald Høffding, (1843-1931)O
  • Douglas Hofstadter, (born 1945)
  • Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, (1879-1918)CR
  • Baron d'Holbach, (1723-1789)CO
  • Robert Holcot, (1290-1349)R
  • Friedrich Hölderlin, (1770-1843)CR
  • Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., (1841-1935)R
  • Homer, (c. 700 BC)R
  • Ted Honderich
  • Sidney Hook, (1902-1989)O
  • Richard Hooker, (1554-1600)R
  • Max Horkheimer, (1895-1973)CR
  • Jennifer Hornsby, (born 1951)O
  • Paul Horwich, (born 1947)O
  • Paulin J. Hountondji, (born 1942)
  • Hsi K'ang, (223-262)C
  • Hsiung Shih-li, (1885-1968)C
  • Hsu Fu-kuan, (1903-1982)C
  • Hsu Hsing, (c. 300 BC)C
  • Hu Hung (or Wu-Feng), (1100-1155)C
  • Hu Shih, (1891-1962)C
  • Huai Nun Tzu (or Huainanzi or Liu An), (179-122 BC)CR
  • Huang Zongxi (or Huang Tsung-hsi), (1610-1695)C
  • Elbert Hubbard, (1856-1915)
  • Pierre Daniel Huet, (1630-1721)R
  • Hugh of St Victor, (c. 1078-1141)R
  • Hui Shih, (4th century BC)C
  • Wilhelm von Humboldt, (1767-1835)COR
  • David Hume, (1711-1776)COR
  • Edward M. Hundert
  • Rosalind Hursthouse
  • Jan Hus, (1369-1415)R
  • Edmund Husserl, (1859-1938)COR
  • Francis Hutcheson, (1694-1746)COR
  • Thomas Henry Huxley, (1825-1895)R
  • Christiaan Huygens, (1629-1695)C
  • Hypatia of Alexandria, (370-415)CR
  • Jean Hyppolite, (1907-1968)

[تحرير] I

  • Iamblichus, (ca. 245 AD-ca. 325)R
  • Yahya ibn Adi (893-974)R
  • Ibn al-Arabi, (1164-1240)R
  • Ibn ar-Rawandi, (c. 910)R
  • Ibn Bajjah (or Avempace), (d. 1138)CR
  • Ibn Daud (or Rabad I or Avendauth, or John of Spain) (1110-1180)CR
  • Abraham ibn Ezra, (1092/3-1167)R
  • Moses ibn Ezra, (1070-1138)R
  • Ibn Falaquera, (1223-1290)R
  • Solomon Ibn Gabirol, (1021-1058)COR
  • Ibn Hazm, (994-1069)R
  • Hunein Ibn Ishak, (809-873)
  • Ibn Kammuna, (1215-1284)R
  • Ibn Khaldun, (1332-1406)COR
  • Ibn Masarra, (883-931)R
  • Ibn Miskawayh, (940-1030)CR
  • Bahya ibn Paquda, (1040-1110)R
  • Ibn Sab'in, (1217-1268)R
  • Ibn Taymiya, (1263-1328)R
  • Ibn Tufail, (1110-1185)CR
  • Ibn Tzaddik, (c. 1149)R
  • Michael Ignatieff, (born 1947)
  • Don Ihde, (born 1934)
  • Ivan Aleksandrovich Il'in, (1883-1954)CR
  • Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov, (1924-1979)R
  • Immanuel the Roman (c. 1270-c. 1330)R
  • Roman Ingarden, (1893-1970)COR
  • William Ralph Inge, (1860-1954)R
  • Muhammad Iqbal, (1877-1938)OR
  • Luce Irigaray, (born 1930)COR
  • Terence Irwin, (born 1947)O
  • Isocrates, (436-338 BC)C
  • Isaac Israeli of Stella, (1105-1177)R
  • Issac Ben Solomon Israeli, (c. 850-950)R
  • Isvarakrsna, (5th century)
  • Ito Jinsai, (1627-1705)R

[تحرير] J

  • Frank Jackson, (born 1943)O
  • Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, (1743-1819)COR
  • James of Viterbo, (1255-1308)R
  • Henry James Sr., (1811-1882)
  • William James, (1842-1910)COR
  • Erich Jantsch
  • Karl Jaspers, (1883-1969)COR
  • Thomas Jefferson, (1743-1826)OR
  • Richard C. Jeffrey, (1926-2002)O
  • Jesus Christ, (circa 5 BC - AD 30)
  • William Stanley Jevons, (1835-1882)CO
  • Rudolf von Jhering, (1818-1892)R
  • Jinul (or Chinul), (1158-1210)R
  • Joachim of Fiore, (1135-1201)CR
  • C.E.M. Joad, (18591-1953)
  • John of Damascus, (c. 676-749)CR
  • John of Jandun, (1280-1328)R
  • John of La Rochelle, (1190-1245)R
  • John of Mirecourt, (c. 1345)R
  • John of Paris, (1260-1306)R
  • John of Salisbury, (c. 1115-1180)CR
  • John of St. Thomas (or Jean Poinsot), (1589-1644)CR
  • John the Scot, (c. 800-c. 880)
  • Alexander Bryan Johnson, (1786-1867)R
  • Samuel Johnson, (1649-1703)R
  • Dr. Samuel Johnson, (1709-1784)OR
  • William Ernest Johnson, (1858-1931)CO
  • Hans Jonas, (1903-1993)
  • Jørgen Jørgensen, (1894-1969)O
  • Théodore Simon Jouffroy, (1796-1842)
  • Juan Chi, (210-263)C
  • Judah ben Moses of Rome (orJudah Romano), (1292-1330)R
  • Judah Ben Samuel of Regensburg, (c. 1200)
  • Carl Jung, (1875-1961)COR
  • Ernst Jünger, (1895-1998)
  • Joachim Jungius, (1587-1657)R
  • Justinian I, (483-565)R
  • Abul Maali al-Juwayni, (1028-1085)R

[تحرير] K

  • Kaibara Ekiken, (1630-1740)R
  • Subhash Kak, (born 1947)
  • Lord Kames, (1696-1782)R
  • Robert Kane, (born 1938)
  • Kang Youwei, (1858-1927)C
  • Immanuel Kant, (1724-1804)COR
  • Kao Tzu, (c. 420 BC)C
  • David Kaplan, (born 1933)O
  • Mordecai Kaplan, (1881-1983)R
  • Andreas Karlstadt, (c. 1480-1541)
  • Walter Kaufmann, (1921-1980)
  • Karl Kautsky, (1854-1938)OR
  • Kaydrup glek belsangbo (or mKhas grub dge legs dpal bzang po or Khai-dub), (1385-1438)R
  • Konstantin Kavelin (1818-1885)
  • Aleksey Khomyakov (1804-1860)
  • Bartholomew Keckermann, (1571-1609)R
  • David Kelley, (born 1949)
  • Hans Kelsen, (1881-1973)OR
  • Norman Kemp Smith, (1872-1958)R
  • Anthony Kenny, (born 1931)O
  • Johannes Kepler, (1571-1630)CR
  • John Maynard Keynes, (1883-1946)COR
  • Omar Khayyám, (1048-1123)
  • Søren Kierkegaard, (1813-1855)COR
  • Richard Kilvington (or Richard Chillington}, (1302-1361)CR
  • Robert Kilwardby, (1215-1279)CR
  • Jaegwon Kim, (born 1934)CO
  • Al-Kindi, (801-873)COR
  • Martin Luther King, Jr., (1929-1968)
  • Peter J. King, (born 1956)
  • Mark Kingwell, (born 1963)
  • Richard Kirkham, (born 1955)
  • Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani, (12th century)
  • Philip Kitcher
  • Martha Klein
  • Heinrich von Kleist, (1777-1811)C
  • Kleitomachos, (187-109 BC)
  • William Calvant Kneale, (1906-1990)O
  • Richard Payne Knight, (1750-1824)
  • Martin Knutzen, (1713-1751)R
  • Ko Hung, (4th century)C
  • Arthur Koestler, (1905-1983)
  • Wolfgang Köhler, (1887-1967)C
  • Alexandre Kojève, (1902-1968)R
  • Leszek Kolakowski, (born 1927)
  • Hugo Kollataj, (1750-1812)
  • Alejandro Korn, (1860-1936)O
  • Hilary Kornblith
  • Christine Korsgaard
  • Tadeusz Kotarbiński, (1886-1981)COR
  • Greg Koukl
  • Alexandre Koyre, (1892-1964)R
  • Karl Kraus, (1874-1936)O
  • Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, (1781-1832)CR
  • Georg Kreisel, (born 1923)O
  • Saul Kripke, (born 1940)COR
  • Jiddu Krishnamurti, (1895-1986)
  • Julia Kristeva, (born 1941)COR
  • Nachman Krochmal, (1785-1840)R
  • Leopold Kronecker, (1823-1891)R
  • Richard Kroner, (1884-1974)
  • Peter Kropotkin, (1842-1921)COR
  • Wilhelm Traugott Krug, (1770-1842)
  • Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, (1909-1999)
  • Thomas Samuel Kuhn, (1922-1996)COR
  • Kukai, (774-835)OR
  • Kuki Shuzo, (1888-1941)R
  • Kumazawa Banzan, (1619-1691) R
  • Kuo Hsiang (or Guoxiang), (c. 312)C
  • Will Kymlicka

[تحرير] L

  • Louis de La Forge, (1632-1666)CR
  • Julien Offray de La Mettrie, (1709-1751)COR
  • Isaac La Peyrère, (1596-1676)C
  • Antonio Labriola, (1843-1904)CR
  • Jacques Lacan, (1901-1981)COR
  • Jules Lachelier, (1832-1918)R
  • Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, (born 1940)R
  • Pierre Laffitte, (1823-1903)C
  • Imre Lakatos, (1922-1974)OR
  • Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, (1744-1829)O
  • Johann Heinrich Lambert, (1728-1777)CR
  • Lamennais, (1752-1854)
  • Friedrich Albert Lange, (1828-1875)CR
  • Susanne Langer, (1895-1985)OR
  • William Lankin
  • Lao Zi (or Lao Tzu), (4th century BC)CO
  • Pierre-Simon Laplace, (1749-1827)CO
  • Pierre Laromiguière, (1756-1837)
  • Ferdinand Lassalle, (1825-1864)R
  • Anton LaVey
  • Peter Lavrovitch Lavrov, (1823-1900)R
  • William Law, (1686-1761)R
  • Moritz Lazarus
  • Jean Le Clerc, (1657-1737)R
  • Michèle Le Dœuff, (born 1948)OR
  • Antoine Le Grand, (1629-1699)R
  • Edouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy, (1870-1954)R
  • Bruce Lee, (1940-1973)
  • Henri Lefebvre, (1901-1991)R
  • Keith Lehrer, (born 1936)O
  • Gottfried Leibniz, (1646-1716)COR
  • Yeshayahu Leibowitz, (1903-1994)R
  • Vladimir Lenin, (1870-1924)COR
  • Konstantin Nikolaevich Leont'ev, (1831-1891)R
  • Jules Lequier, (1814-1862)C
  • Pierre Leroux, (1798-1871)C
  • Stanisław Leśniewski, (1886-1939)COR
  • Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, (1729-1781)COR
  • Leucippus, (5th century BC)COR
  • Emmanuel Levinas, (1906-1995)COR
  • Claude Lévi-Strauss, (born 1908)OR
  • Bernard-Henri Lévy, (born 1948)
  • Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, (1857-1939)O
  • Kurt Lewin, (1890-1947)C
  • Clarence Irving Lewis, (1883-1964)COR
  • C. S. Lewis, (1898-1963)CR
  • David Kellogg Lewis, (1941-2001)COR
  • John Lewis, (1889-1976)
  • Li Ao, (722-841)C
  • Li Si, (c. 280-208 BC)
  • Liang Qichao (or Liang Ch'i-ch'ao), (1873-1929)C
  • Liang Sou-ming, (1893-1988)C
  • Karol Libelt, (1807-1875)
  • Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, (1742-1799)OR
  • Lie Zi (or Lieh Tzu), (c. 440 BC-c. 360 BC)C
  • Alphonso Lingis
  • Linji (or Lin Chi), (c. 810-867)R
  • Carolus Linnaeus, (1707-1778)R
  • Arthur Lipsett, (1936-1986)
  • Justus Lipsius, (1547-1606)R
  • Émile Littré, (1801-1881)
  • Liu Shaoqi (orLiu Shao-ch'i), (1898-1969)C
  • Liu Tsung-chou (or Ch'i-shan), (1578-1645)C
  • Karl Nickerson Llywelyn, (1893-1962)R
  • Ramon Llull, (1235-1315)CR
  • Alain LeRoy Locke, (1886-1954)
  • John Locke, (1632-1704)COR
  • Knud Ejler Løgstrup, (1905-1981)
  • Alfred Loisy, (1857-1940)R
  • Peter Lombard, (c. 1100-1160)CR
  • Bernard Lonergan, (1904-1984)R
  • Longinus, (1st century)C
  • Cassius Dionysius Longinus, (213-273)
  • Jakob Lorber, (1800-1864)
  • Paul Lorenzen, (1915-1995)R
  • Aleksei Fedorovich Losev, (1893-1988)R
  • Nicholas Onufrievich Lossky, (1870-1965)R
  • Rudolf Herman Lotze, (1817-1881)COR
  • Arthur O. Lovejoy, (1873-1962)O
  • Lu Hsiang-shan (or Lu Xiangshan, or Lu Chiu-yuan, or Tzu-ching, or Ts'un-chai), (1139-1193)CR
  • John R. Lucas, (born 1929)O
  • Lucian, (c. 120-c. 180)R
  • Lucius Annaeus Cornutus
  • Lucretius, (c. 99-55 BC)COR
  • Georg Lukács, (1885-1971)COR
  • Jan Łukasiewicz, (1878-1956)COR
  • Martin Luther, (1483-1546)COR
  • Rosa Luxemburg, (1871-1919)R
  • William G. Lycan, (born 1945)O
  • Jean-François Lyotard, (1924-1998)COR

[تحرير] M

  • Gabriel Bonnet de Mably, (1709-1785)
  • Ernst Mach, (1838-1916)COR
  • Niccolò Machiavelli, (1469-1527)COR
  • Alasdair MacIntyre, (born 1929)COR
  • John Leslie Mackie, (1917-1981)O
  • John Macmurray, (1891-1976)
  • Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius, (fl. c. 400)
  • Madhava, (d. 1386)R
  • Shri Madhvacharya, (1238-1317)COR
  • Mahavira, (599-527 BC)CR
  • Salomon Maimon (or Salomon ben Joshua), (1753-1800)CR
  • Abraham ben Moses Maimonides (or Abraham ben Maimon), (1186-1237)R
  • Moses Maimonides (or Rambam), (1135-1204)COR
  • Maine de Biran, (1766-1824)OR
  • Philipp Mainländer
  • John Major (or John Mair), (1467-1550)OR
  • Norman Malcolm, (1911-1990)CO
  • Nicolas Malebranche, (1638-1715)COR
  • Mostafa Malekian
  • Ernst Mally, (1879-1944)
  • Merab Mamardashvili, (1930-1990)R
  • Bernard de Mandeville, (1670-1733)R
  • Karl Mannheim, (1893-1947)CO
  • Henry Longueville Mansel, (1820-1871)C
  • Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse-tung), (1893-1976)C
  • Gabriel Marcel, (1887-1973)COR
  • Ruth Barcan Marcus, (born 1921)CO
  • Herbert Marcuse, (born 1898-1979)COR
  • Juan de Mariana, (1536-1624)C
  • Jacques Maritain, (1882-1973)COR
  • Gaius Marius Victorinus, (4th century)R
  • Marsilius of Inghen, (1330-1396)CR
  • Marsilius of Padua (or Marsiglio or Marsilio dei Mainardine), (1270-1342)COR
  • Roger Marston, (1235-1303)R
  • Charles B. Martin, (born 1924)O
  • Donald A. Martin
  • Michael Martin
  • Harriet Martineau, (1802-1876)R
  • James Martineau, (1805-1900)CO
  • Karl Marx, (1818-1883)COR
  • Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, (1850-1937)OR
  • Damaris Cudworth Masham, (1659-1708)CR
  • Matthew of Aquasparta, (1238-1302)R
  • Humberto Maturana, (born 1928)
  • Fritz Mauthner, (1849-1923)R
  • James Clerk Maxwell, (1831-1879)CR
  • Mazdak, (died c. 526)
  • Jacopo Mazzoni, (1548-1598)
  • James McCosh, (1811-1894)C
  • William McDougall, (1871-1938)C
  • John McDowell, (born 1942)O
  • Colin McGinn, (born 1950)O
  • Marshall McLuhan, (1911-1980)
  • John Ellis McTaggart, (1866-1925)COR
  • Tony McWalter, (born 1945)
  • George Herbert Mead, (1863-1931)COR
  • Bartolomeo Medina, (1527-1580)C
  • Georg Mehlis
  • Friedrich Meinecke, (1862-1954)R
  • Alexius Meinong, (1853-1920)COR
  • Philipp Melanchthon, (1497-1560)R
  • Melissus of Samos, (late 5th century BC)COR
  • D. Hugh Mellor, (born 1938)O
  • Mencius (or Meng K'o or Meng-tzu or Mengzi), (372-289 BC)COR
  • Gregor Mendel, (1822-1884)C
  • Moses Mendelssohn, (1729-1786)COR
  • Menedemus, (c. 350-278 BC)
  • Winnifried Menninghaus
  • Desire Joseph Mercier, (1851-1926)C
  • Maurice Merleau-Ponty, (1908-1961)COR
  • Franklin Merrell-Wolff, (1887-1985)
  • Marin Mersenne, (1588-1648)CR
  • Judah Messer Leon, (c. 1425-c. 1495)R
  • Theodore Metochita, (d. 1332)
  • Metrocles, (c. 300 BC)
  • Metrodorus, (331-278 BC)
  • Thomas Metzinger, (born 1958)
  • Emile Meyerson, (1859-1933)OR
  • Vincent Miceli, (1915-1991)
  • Carlo Michelstaedter, (1887-1910)
  • Mary Midgley, (born 1919)
  • Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovskii, (1842-1904)R
  • Miki Kiyoshi, (1897-1945)R
  • Mikyo Dorje (or Mi bskyod rdo rje), (1507-1554)R
  • James Mill, (1773-1836)COR
  • John Stuart Mill, (1806-1873)COR
  • Alan Millar
  • John Millar, (1735-1801)R
  • Ruth Millikan, (born 1933)O
  • Muhammad Baqir Mir Damad (or Sayyid al-Afadil or Ishraq or Ibn al-Damad), (d. 1631)R
  • Ludwig von Mises, (1881-1973)
  • William Mitchell, (1861-1962)
  • Dimitrije Mitrinovic, (1887-1953)
  • Luis de Molina, (1535-1600)COR
  • Lord Monboddo (or James Burnett), (1714-1799)R
  • Richard Montague, (1930-1971)R
  • Michel de Montaigne, (1533-1592)COR
  • Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)CR
  • Addison Webster Moore, (1866-1930)
  • G. E. Moore, (1873-1958)COR
  • Henry More, (1614-1687)CR
  • Max More, (born 1964)
  • Thomas More, (1478-1535)C
  • J. P. Moreland
  • Sidney Morgenbesser, (1921-2004)
  • Gaetano Mosca, (1858-1941)C
  • Motoori Norinaga, (1730-1801)R
  • Mou Tsung-san, (1909-1995)C
  • Jean François Moufot, (1784-1842)
  • Mozi (or Mo Tzu, or Mo Ti, or Micius), (c. 470-c. 390 BC)CR
  • David Ibn Merwan Al-Mukammas (or Daud Ibn Marwan al-Muqammas or David ha-Bavli), (d. 937)R
  • Mulla Sadra, (1571-1640)OR
  • Max Müller, (1823-1900)
  • Iris Murdoch, (1919-1999)O
  • Musonius Rufus, (1st century)R

[تحرير] N

  • Arne Næss, (born 1912)OR
  • Nārāyana Guru(1856-1928)
  • Nagarjuna, (ca. 200 CE)COR
  • Ernest Nagel, (1901-1985)COR
  • Thomas Nagel, (born 1937)COR
  • Moses Nahmanides, (1194-1270)R
  • Jean-Luc Nancy, (born 1940)R
  • Jan Narveson, (born 1936)
  • Seyyed Hossein Nasr
  • Paul Gerhard Natorp, (1854-1924)
  • Alexander Neckham, (1157-1217)R
  • Antonio Negri, (born 1933)
  • Oskar Negt, (born 1934)
  • Alexander Nehamas
  • John Neihardt, (1881-1973)
  • Leonard Nelson, (1882-1927)
  • Ted Nelson (born 1937)
  • Nemesius of Emesa, (fl. c. 400)CR
  • John von Neumann, (1903-1957)COR
  • Otto Neurath, (1882-1945)OR
  • John Henry Newman, (1801-1890)CR
  • Isaac Newton, (1642-1727)COR
  • Nichiren, (1222-1282)R
  • Nicholas of Autrecourt, (c. 1300-1369)COR
  • Nicholas of Cusa, (1401-1464)COR
  • H. Richard Niebuhr, (1894-1962)R
  • Reinhold Niebuhr, (1892-1971)R
  • Kai Nielsen
  • Friedrich Nietzsche, (1844-1900)COR
  • Agostino Nifo, (1470-1538)R
  • Nishi Amane, (1829-1897)R
  • Nishida Kitaro, (1870-1945)OR
  • Nishitani Keiji, (1900-1990)OR
  • Kwame Nkrumah, (1909-1972)O
  • Ernst Nolte, (1923-)
  • John Norris, (1657-1711)R
  • Novalis, (1772-1801)C
  • Robert Nozick, (1938-2001)COR
  • Numenius Of Apamca, (2nd century)CR
  • Martha Nussbaum, (born 1947)CO
  • Shalva Nutsubidze, (1888-1969)
  • Anders Nygren, (1890-1978)R

[تحرير] O

  • Michael Oakeshott, (1901-1990)COR
  • William of Ockham, (ca. 1285-1349)COR
  • Ogyū Sorai, (1666-1728)R
  • Georges Ohsawa, (1893-1966)
  • Lorenz Oken, (1779-1851)R
  • Karl Olivecrona, (1897-1980)R
  • Peter Olivi, (1248-1298)CR
  • John Wood Oman, (1860-1939)R
  • Onora O'Neill, (born 1941)O
  • Nicolas Oresme, (1320-1382)R
  • Origen, (c. 182-c. 251)CR
  • José Ortega y Gasset, (1883-1955)COR
  • James Oswald, (1703-1793)R
  • Rudolf Otto, (1869-1937)R
  • P. D. Ouspensky, (1878-1947)
  • Albert Outler, (1908-1989)
  • Richard Overton, (d. circa 1665)R
  • Gwilyn Ellis Lane Owen, (1922-1982)OR

[تحرير] P

  • Thomas Paine, (1737-1809)COR
  • William Paley, (1743-1805)CR
  • Panaetius, (c. 185-c. 110 BC)R
  • David Papineau, (born 1947)O
  • Paracelsus, (1493-1541)CR
  • Vilfredo Pareto, (1848-1923)
  • Derek Parfit, (born 1942)CO
  • Parmenides, (5th century BC)COR
  • Blaise Pascal, (1623-1662)CR
  • John Arthur Passmore, (1914-2004)R
  • Patañjali, (2nd century BC)R
  • Jan Patočka, (1907-1977)R
  • Francesco Patrizi da Cherso (or Franciscus Patritius) (1529-1597)R
  • Paul of Venice, (1369-1429)CR
  • Christopher Peacocke, (born 1950)O
  • Giuseppe Peano, (1858-1932)O
  • David Pearce
  • David Pears, (born 1921)O
  • John Peckham, (d. 1292)R
  • Leonard Peikoff, (born 1933)
  • Charles Sanders Peirce, (1839-1914)COR
  • Pelagius, (c. 360-c. 435)O
  • Jean-Jacques Pelletier, (born 1947)
  • Thomas Percival, (1740-1804)C
  • Ralph Barton Perry, (1876-1957)CO
  • Peter of Auvergne, (13th century)R
  • Peter of Spain (or Pope John XXI), (13th century)COR
  • Peter the Iberian, (411-491)
  • Richard Stanley Peters, (born 1919)O
  • Petrarch, (1304-1374)OR
  • Leon Petrazycki, (1867-1931)R
  • Pherecydes of Syros, (6th century BC)
  • Philip the Chancellor, (1160-1236)R
  • Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, (20 BC-40 AD)COR
  • Philo of Larissa, (1st century BC)R
  • Philo the Dialectician, (c. 300 BC)OR
  • Philodemus of Gadara, (1st century BC)R
  • Philolaus of Croton, (c. 480-c. 405 BC)CR
  • Joannes Philoponus, (early 6th century)COR
  • Philostratus
  • Jean Piaget, (1896-1980)CR
  • Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, (1463-1494)COR
  • Issac de Pinto, (1715-1787)
  • Robert Pirsig, (born 1928)
  • Max Planck, (1858-1947)OR
  • Alvin Plantinga, (born 1932)CO
  • Plato, (c. 427 BC-c. 347 BC)COR
  • Georgi Plekhanov, (1856-1918)COR
  • George Gemistos Plethon, (c. 1355-1452)
  • Plotinus, (died 270)COR
  • Plutarch of Athens, (5th century BC)
  • Mestrius Plutarch of Chaeronia, (c. 45-c. 120)R
  • Konstantin Pobedonostsev, (1827-1907)
  • Henri Poincaré, (1854-1912)COR
  • Michael Polanyi, (1891-1976)R
  • Polyaenus of Lampsacus, (died 278 BC)
  • Pietro Pomponazzi, (1462-1525)COR
  • Richard Popkin
  • K. J. Popma, (1903-1986)
  • Karl Popper, (1902-1994)COR
  • Porphyry, (c. 232-c. 304)COR
  • Posidonius, (c. 135-51 BC)R
  • Emil Leon Post, (1897-1954)R
  • Robert Joseph Pothier, (1699-1772)R
  • Roscoe Pound, (1870-1964)R
  • Karl von Prantl
  • Dag Prawitz, (born 1936)
  • Henry Habberley Price, (1899-1984)O
  • Richard Price, (1723-1791)COR
  • Harold Arthur Prichard, (1871-1947)COR
  • Robert Priddy, (born 1936)
  • Joseph Priestley, (1733-1804)COR
  • Arthur Prior, (1914-1969)R
  • Proclus, (412-487)OR
  • Prodicus, (c. 450-399 BC)R
  • Harry Prosch
  • Protagoras, (c. 481-420 BC)OR
  • Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, (1809-1865)COR
  • Michael Psellus the Elder, (fl. 9th century)
  • Michael Psellus the Younger, (11th century)
  • Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, (5th century)R
  • Pseudo-Grosseteste, (13th century)R
  • Ptolemy, (c. 85-c. 165)R
  • Samuel Pufendorf, (1632-1694)CR
  • Hilary Putnam, (born 1926)COR
  • Pyrrho, (c. 360-c. 270)COR
  • Pythagoras, (582 BC-496 BC)COR

[تحرير] Q

  • W. V. O. Quine, (1908-2000)COR
  • Anthony Quinton, (born 1925)O

[تحرير] R

  • François Rabelais, (1493-1553)R
  • Gustav Radbruch, (1878-1949)R
  • Janet Radcliffe Richards, (born 1944)O
  • Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, (1888-1975)OR
  • Karl Rahner, (1904-1984)R
  • Ramanuja, (1017-1137)COR
  • Frank P. Ramsey, (1903-1930)CO
  • Ian Thomas Ramsey, (1915-1972)R
  • Paul Ramsey, (1913-1988)R
  • Petrus Ramus, (1515-1572)CR
  • Jacques Rancière
  • Ayn Rand, (1905-1982)R
  • Hastings Rashdall, (1858-1924)COR
  • Felix Ravaisson-Mollien, (1813-1900)R
  • John Rawls, (1921-2002)COR
  • John Ray, (1627-1705)C
  • Daniel Raymond
  • Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-Razi (or Rhazes), (865-925)CR
  • Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, (1149-1209)R
  • Paul Ree, (1849-1901)O
  • Pierre-Sylvain Regis, (1632-1707)R
  • Wilhelm Reich, (1897-1957)O
  • Hans Reichenbach, (1891-1953)COR
  • Thomas Reid, (1710-1796)COR
  • Hermann Samuel Reimarus, (1694-1768)C
  • Adolf Reinach, (1883-1917)R
  • Karl Leonhard Reinhold, (1757-1823)CR
  • Karl Renner, (1870-1950)R
  • Charles Bernard Renouvier, (1815-1903)COR
  • Nicholas Rescher, (born 1928)O
  • Rgyal tshab dar ma rin chen (or Gyeltsap darma rinchen) (1364-1432)R
  • David Ricardo, (1772-1823)
  • Richard of Middleton, (c. 1249-1306)R
  • Richard of St. Victor, (d. 1173)R
  • Richard Rufus of Cornwall (or Richardus Sophista) (1231-1259)CR
  • I. A. Richards, (1893-1979)
  • Radovan Richta, (1924-1983)
  • Heinrich Rickert, (1863-1936)
  • Paul Ricoeur, (1913-2005)COR
  • Bernhard Riemann, (1826-1866)
  • R.R. Rockingham Gill
  • Jacques Rohault, (1617-1672)R
  • Erwin Rohde, (1845-1898)
  • Francisco Romero (1891-1962)O
  • Avital Ronell
  • Richard Rorty, (born 1931)COR
  • Vasily Rozanov, (1856-1919)
  • Roscelin of Compiègne, (c. 1050-c. 1120)CR
  • Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz, (1805-1879)
  • Franz Rosenzweig, (1886-1929)COR
  • Antonio Rosmini-Serbati, (1797-1855)CR
  • Alf Niels Christian Ross, (1899-1979)R
  • William David Ross, (1877-1971)COR
  • Gian-Carlo Rota, (1932-1999)
  • Jean Jacques Rousseau, (1712-1778)COR
  • Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, (1760-1825)
  • Joseph Rovan, (1918-2004)
  • Josiah Royce, (1865-1916)COR
  • Pierre Paul Royer-Collard, (1763-1845)
  • Vasily Rozanov, (1856-1919)R
  • Arnold Ruge, (1802-1880)R
  • Michael Ruse, (born 1940)
  • Bertrand Russell, (1872-1970)COR
  • Jan van Ruysbroek, (1293-1381)
  • Gilbert Ryle, (1900-1976)COR

[تحرير] S

  • Sa skya pandita (or Sagya pandita or Sagypandita), (1182-1251)R
  • Saadia Gaon, (892-942)COR
  • al-Hajj Mulla Hadi al-Sabzawari, (1797-1873)R
  • Mark Sainsbury, (born 1943)O
  • Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, (1760-1825)COR
  • Émile Saisset, (1814-1863)
  • Nathan Salmon, (born 1951)
  • Wesley Salmon, (1925-2001)O
  • Francisco Sanches, (1551-1623)CR
  • Michael Sandel, (born 1953)O
  • George Santayana, (1863-1952)COR
  • Jean-Paul Sartre, (1905-1980)COR
  • Crispin Sartwell, (born 1958)
  • John Ralston Saul, (born 1947)
  • Ferdinand de Saussure, (1857-1913)CR
  • Fernando Savater, (born 1947)
  • Friedrich Karl von Savigny, (1779-1861)R
  • Julius Caesar Scaliger, (1484-1558)
  • Richard Schacht, (born 1941)O
  • Max Scheler, (1874-1928)COR
  • Friedrich Schelling, (1775-1852)COR
  • Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller, (1864-1937)R
  • Friedrich Schiller, (1759-1805)COR
  • Friedrich von Schlegel, (1772 - 1829)CR
  • Hubert Schleichert
  • Friedrich Schleiermacher, (1768 - 1834)CR
  • Moritz Schlick, (1882-1936)OR
  • Carl Schmitt, (1888-1985)R
  • J.B. Schneewind
  • Arthur Schopenhauer, (1788-1860)COR
  • Erwin Schrödinger, (1887-1961)C
  • Gottlob Ernst Schulze, (1761-1833)C
  • Joseph Schumpeter, (1883-1950)R
  • Anna Maria van Schurman, (1607-1678)R
  • Alfred Schütz, (1899-1959)OR
  • Albert Schweizer
  • Roger Scruton, (born 1944)O
  • John Searle, (born 1932)COR
  • Charles Secretan, (1815-1895)
  • Michal Sedziwój, (1566-1636)
  • John Selden, (1584-1654)R
  • Roy Wood Sellars, (1880-1973)O
  • Wilfrid Sellars, (1912-1989)COR
  • Amartya Sen, (born 1933)O
  • Seneca the Younger, (c. 4 BC-AD 65)OR
  • Sengzhao, (384-414)R
  • John Sergeant, (1623-1704)R
  • Michel Serres, (born 1930)
  • Sextus Empiricus, (2nd/3rd century)COR
  • Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, (1671-1713)COR
  • Shah Wali Allah (or Qutb al-Din Ahmad al-Rahim or Waliullah), (1703-1762)R
  • Shang Yang (or Gongsun Yang), (d. 338 BC)C
  • Adi Shankara, (788-820)COR
  • Shao Yung, (1011-1077)CR
  • Darius Shayegan
  • Shen Buhai, (d. 337 BC)C
  • Shen Dao (or Shen Tzu), (c. 350-275 BC)C
  • Lady Mary Shepherd, (1777-1847)C
  • Lev Shestov, (1866-1938)R
  • Shinran, (1173-1261)R
  • Sydney Shoemaker, (born 1921)O
  • Gustav Gustavovich Shpet, (1879-1937)CR
  • Shuju
  • Henry Sidgwick, (1838-1900)COR
  • Sigerus of Brabant, (1240-1284)CR
  • Christoph Wilhelm von Sigwart, (1789-1844)
  • Abu Sulayman Muhammad al-Sijistani, (c. 932-c. 1000)R
  • Francesco Silvestri (or Francis Sylvester of Ferrara), (1474-1528)R
  • Georg Simmel, (1858-1918)CR
  • Simplicius of Cilicia, (early 6th century)CR
  • Peter Singer, (born 1946)O
  • B. F. Skinner, (1904-1990)R
  • Thoralf Skolem, (1887-1963)C
  • Hryhori Skovoroda, (1722-1794)R
  • Peter Sloterdijk, (born 1947)
  • J. J. C. Smart, (born 1920)COR
  • Adam Smith, (1723-1790)COR
  • Huston Smith
  • Raymond Smullyan, (born 1919)
  • Joseph D. Sneed
  • Jan Sniadecki, (1756-1830)
  • Scott Soames
  • Elliot Sober
  • Socrates, (470 BC-399 BC)COR
  • Shihab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash ibn Amirak al-Sohravardi (or al-Suhrawardi), (1154-1191)OR
  • Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger, (1780-1890)
  • Joseph Soloveitchik, (1903-1993)R
  • Vladimir Solovyov, (1853-1900)COR
  • Richard Ruston Kharsedji Sorabji, (born 1934)O
  • Georges Sorel, (1847-1922)COR
  • William Ritchie Sorley, (1855-1935)
  • Abdolkarim Soroush
  • Ernest Sosa, (born 1940)O
  • Sosan Hyujong, (1520-1604)R
  • Domingo de Soto, (1494-1560)CR
  • Othmar Spann, (1878-1950)
  • Herbert Spencer, (1820-1903)COR
  • Thomas Spencer Baynes, (1823-1887)
  • Oswald Spengler
  • Speusippus, (410-339 BC)OR
  • Baruch Spinoza, (1632-1677)COR
  • Afrikan Spir, (1837-1890)C
  • Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, (born 1942)
  • Lysander Spooner, (1808-1887)
  • Timothy L.S. Sprigge, (born 1932)O
  • Edward Stachura, (1937-1979)
  • Anne Louise Germaine de Staël, (1766-1817)R
  • James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair, (1619-1695)R
  • Robert Stalnaker, (born 1940)O
  • Henry Stanton, (1805-1887)
  • Olaf Stapledon
  • Stanislaw Staszic, (1755-1826)
  • L. Susan Stebbing, (1885-1943)
  • Edith Stein, (1891-1942)
  • Rudolf Steiner, (1861-1925)CR
  • Leslie Stephen, (1832-1904)C
  • Charles Leslie Stevenson, (1908-1979)OR
  • Dugald Stewart, (1753-1828)OR
  • Stephen Stich, (born 1944)O
  • Edward Stillingfeet, (1635-1699)C
  • Stilpo
  • James Hutchison Stirling, (1820-1909)
  • Max Stirner, (1806-1856)COR
  • George Frederick Stout, (1860-1944)CO
  • David Stove, (1927-1994)
  • Strato of Lampsacus, (c. 340-c. 268 BC)CR
  • David Friedrich Strauss, (1808-1874)R
  • Leo Strauss, (1899-1973)R
  • Galen Strawson
  • P. F. Strawson, (born 1919)COR
  • Barry Stroud, (born 1935)O
  • Carl Stumpf, (1848-1936)
  • Francisco Suárez, (1548-1617)COR
  • Gabrielle Suchon, (1631-1703)R
  • Sun Tzu
  • Sun Yat-sen, (1866-1925)C
  • Sung Hsing (or Sung Tzu), (360-290 BC)C
  • Henry Suso, (1300-1366)R
  • Emanuel Swedenborg, (1688-1772)R
  • Richard Swinburne, (born 1934)CO
  • Syrianus
  • David Sztybel, (born 1967)

[تحرير] T

  • Javad Tabatabaei
  • Debendranath Tagore, (1817-1905)
  • Rabindranath Tagore, (1861-1941)OR
  • Tai Chen (or Dai Zhen or Tai Tung-Yuan), (1724-1777)CR
  • Hippolyte Taine, (1828-1893)R
  • T'an Ssu-t'ung, (1864-1898)C
  • Tanabe Hajime, (1885-1962)OR
  • T'ang Chun-i, (1909-1978)C
  • Alfred Tarski, (1901-1983)COR
  • Wladyslaw Tatarkiewicz, (1886-1980)
  • Johannes Tauler, (c. 1300-1361)R
  • Nicolaus Taurellus
  • Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi, (c. 930-1023)R
  • Charles Taylor, (born 1931)COR
  • Harriet Taylor Mill, (1807-1858)CR
  • Richard Taylor, (1919-2003)O
  • Gustav Teichmuller (1837-1888)C
  • Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, (1881-1955)CR
  • Bernardino Telesio, (1509-1588)CR
  • Placide Tempels, (1906-1977)
  • William Temple, (1881-1944)R
  • Frederick Robert Tennant, (1866-1957)R
  • Teresa of Avila, (1515-1582)C
  • Tertullian, (c. 160-c. 220)CR
  • Johannes Nikolaus Tetens, (1736-1807)CR
  • Thales, (c. 635 BC-543 BC)COR
  • Themistius, (317-387)R
  • Theodorus of Cyrene, (c. 465-398 BC)
  • Theophrastus, (372-287 BC)OR
  • Helmut Thielicke, (1908-1986)R
  • Thierry of Chartres, (fl. c. 1130-1150)R
  • Thomas à Kempis (1380-1471)R
  • Thomas of York, (13th century)R
  • Christian Thomasius, (1655-1728)R
  • William Thompson, (1775-1833)
  • Judith Jarvis Thomson, (born 1929)CO
  • Henry David Thoreau, (1817-1862)COR
  • Thrasymachus, (5th century BC)CR
  • Thucydides, (c. 460-c. 400 BC)R
  • Paul Tillich, (1886-1965)CR
  • Timaeus of Locres, (5th century BC)
  • Timon of Phlius, (c. 300 BC)R
  • Matthew Tindal, (1657-1733)R
  • Alexis de Tocqueville, (1805-1859)R
  • Tzvetan Todorov, (born 1939)R
  • John Toland, (1670-1722)OR
  • Francisco de Toledo, (1515-1584)CR
  • Leo Tolstoy, (1828-1910)R
  • Tominaga Nakamoto, (1715-1746)R
  • Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg
  • Ernst Troeltsch, (1865-1923)CR
  • Leon Trotsky, (1879-1940)OR
  • Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, (1651-1708)R
  • Je Tsongkhapa (or Dzongkaba or Rinpoche), (1357-1419)R
  • Tsou Yen, (3rd century BC)C
  • Abraham Tucker, (1705-1774)R
  • Benjamin Tucker, (1854-1939)
  • Peter Tudvad
  • Ernst Tugendhat, (born 1930)O
  • Raimo Tuomela, (born 1940)
  • Alan Turing, (1912-1954)OR
  • George Turnball, (1698-1748)CR
  • Nasir al-Din Tusi, (1201-1274)R
  • Kazimierz Twardowski, (1866-1938)OR
  • Michael Tye
  • TK Neezar Ahmed

[تحرير] U

  • Pietro Ubaldi, (1886-1972)
  • Udayana, (11th century)R
  • Uddyotakara, (6th century)R
  • Uisang, (625-702)R
  • Ulrich of Strasbourg, (1220-1277)R
  • Hermann Ulrici
  • Miguel de Unamuno, (1864-1936)COR
  • Peter Unger
  • Dimitri Uznadze, (1886-1950)

[تحرير] V

  • Hans Vaihinger, (1852-1933)COR
  • Valentinius (or Valentinus), (c. 100-c. 153)C
  • Lorenzo Valla, (1406-1457)COR
  • Vallabhacharya, (1479-1531)R
  • Bas C. van Fraassen, (born 1941)O
  • Peter van Inwagen
  • Giulio Cesare Vanini, (1585-1619)C
  • Francisco Varela, (1946-2001)
  • Vasubandhu, (4th century)CR
  • Vatsyayana, (5th century)R
  • Emerich de Vattel, (1714-1767)
  • Gianni Vattimo, (born 1936)R
  • Vauvenargues, (1715-1747)C
  • Gabriel Vazquez, (1549-1604)C
  • John Venn, (1834-1923)R
  • Nicoletto Vernia, (1442-1499)R
  • Giambattista Vico, (1668-1744)COR
  • Milan Vidmar, (1885-1962)
  • Michel Villey, (1914-1988)R
  • Vital Du Four, (1260-1327)R
  • Francisco de Vitoria, (1492-1546)COR
  • Juan Luís Vives, (1492-1540)CR
  • Gregory Vlastos, (1907-1991)OR
  • Eric Voegelin, (1901-1985)R
  • Voltaire, (1694-1778)OR
  • Georg Henrik von Wright, (1916-2003)COR
  • Lev Vygotsky, (1896-1934)OR
  • Boris Petrovich Vysheslavtsev, (1877-1954)R

[تحرير] W

  • Jean Wahl, (1888-1974)
  • Friedrich Waismann, (1896-1959)
  • David Walford
  • Alfred Russel Wallace, (1823-1913)R
  • Michael Walzer, (born 1935)O
  • Ernest Wamba dia Wamba, (born 1942)
  • Wang Ch'ung, (27-97)CR
  • Wang Fuzhi (or Wang Fu-Chih or Wang Chuanshan), (1619-1692)CR
  • Hao Wang, (1921-1995)O
  • Wang Pi, (226-249)C
  • Wang Yangming, (1472-1529)COR
  • James Ward, (1843-1925)C
  • Geoffrey J. Warnock, (1923-1996)O
  • Mary Warnock, (born 1924)O
  • John B. Watson, (1878-1958)O
  • Watsuji Tetsuro, (1889-1960)OR
  • Alan Watts, (1915-1973)
  • Max Weber, (1864-1920)COR
  • Eric Weil, (1904-1977)
  • Simone Weil, (1909-1943)COR
  • Ota Weinberger, (born 1919)R
  • Otto Weininger, (1880-1903)
  • Christian Hermann Weisse
  • Victoria, Lady Welby, (1837-1912)
  • Cornel West, (born 1953)
  • Edvard Westermarck, (1862-1939)C
  • Hermann Weyl, (1885-1955)R
  • Frantisek Weyr (or Franz Weyr), (1879-1951)R
  • William Whewell, (1794-1866)COR
  • Benjamin Whichcote, (1609-1683)
  • Thomas White, (1593-1676)R
  • Alfred North Whitehead, (1861-1947)COR
  • David Wiggins, (born 1933)O
  • Ken Wilber, (born 1949)
  • William of Alnwick, (1270-1333)C
  • William of Auvergne, (1180-1249)CR
  • William of Auxerre, (d. 1231)CR
  • William of Champeaux, (c. 1070-1121)R
  • William of Conches, (c. 1080 - 1154)R
  • William of Moerbeke, (c. 1215-1286)C
  • William of Shyreswood (or William of Sherwood), (1190-1249)CR
  • Bernard Williams, (1929-2003)COR
  • Timothy Williamson, (born 1955)
  • John Cook Wilson, (1849-1915)C
  • Peter Winch, (1926-1997)O
  • Wilhelm Windelband, (1848-1915)C
  • Kwasi Wiredu, (born 1931)
  • John Wisdom, (1904-1993)O
  • John Witherspoon, (1723-1794)R
  • Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, (1885-1939)
  • Ludwig Wittgenstein, (1889-1951)COR
  • Adam de Wodeham, (1298-1358)CR
  • Christian Wolff, (1679-1754)COR
  • William Wollaston, (1659-1724)CR
  • Richard Wollheim, (1923-2003)O
  • Mary Wollstonecraft, (1759-1797)COR
  • Nicholas Wolterstorff, (born 1932)
  • Wonchuk, (613-696)R
  • Wonhyo Daisa, (617-686)R
  • Woo Tsin-hang (or Chih-hui}, (1865-1953)
  • Chauncey Wright, (1830-1875)CO
  • Crispin Wright, (born 1942)O
  • Dorothy Maud Wrinch, (1894-1976)
  • Jerzy Wroblewski, (1926-1990)R
  • Wilhelm Wundt, (1832-1920)CR
  • John Wyclif, (c. 1330-1384)COR

[تحرير] X

  • Xenocrates, (396-314 BC)OR
  • Xenophanes of Colophon, (570-480 BC)COR
  • Xenophon, (427-355 BC)CR
  • Xun Zi (or Hsun Tzu), (c. 310-237 BC)COR

[تحرير] Y

  • Yajnavalkya, (c. 1800 BC)
  • Yang Chu, (370-319 BC)CR
  • Yang Hsiung (or Yang Xiong) (53 BC-AD 18)CR
  • Yen Yuan (1635-1704)C
  • Yi Hwang (or Toegye) (1501-1570)R
  • Yi I (or Yi Yulgok or Yi Yi) (1536-1584)R
  • Yi Kan (1677-1727)R
  • Francis Parker Yockey, (1917-1960)
  • Arthur M. Young, (1905-1995)

[تحرير] Z

  • Jacopo Zabarella, (1533-1589)CR
  • Peter Wessel Zapffe, (1899-1990)
  • Zeami Motokiyo, (c.1363–c.1443)R
  • Eduard Zeller, (1814-1908)
  • Zeno of Citium, (333 BC-264 BC)OR
  • Zeno of Elea, (circa 495 BC-circa 430 BC)OR
  • Zeno of Sidon, (1st century BC)
  • Zeno of Tarsus
  • Ernst Zermelo, (1871-1953)R
  • Philip Zhai
  • Zhiyi (538-597)R
  • Zhou Guoping
  • Zhu Xi (or Chu Hsi), (1130-1200))COR
  • Zhuang Zi (or Chuang Tzu or Chuang Chou), (circa 300 BC)CO
  • Slavoj Žižek, (1949-)
  • Florian Znaniecki, (1882-1958)
  • Zongmi (780-841)R
  • Xavier Zubiri, (1889-1983)

[تحرير] Notes

  • Note C: - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0521637228


  • Note O: - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press; 1995. ISBN 0198661320


  • Note R: - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in the Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge; 2000. ISBN 0415223644

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