রসায়নে নোবেল পুরস্কার
উইকিপিডিয়া, মুক্ত বিশ্বকোষ থেকে
রয়েল সুইডিশ একাডেমি অফ সায়েন্সের রসায়নে নোবেল পুরস্কার দিয়ে থাকে। এখানে ১৯০১ থেকে ২০০৬ সালে পর্যন্ত এই বিষয়ে নোবেল পুরস্কার প্রাপ্তদের একটি তালিকা দেয়া হচ্ছে।
সূচিপত্র |
[সম্পাদনা করুন] নোবেল পুরস্কার বিজয়ী রসায়নবিদদের পূর্ণ তালিকা
বর্ষ | নাম | রাষ্ট্র | পুরস্কার প্রাপ্তির কারণ |
---|---|---|---|
১৯০১ | জ্যাকোবাস হেনরিকাস ভ্যান্ট হফ | নেদারল্যান্ড | রাসায়নিক গতিবিদ্যার গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নীতি এবং দ্রবণের অভিস্রবণ চাপ আবিষ্কার |
১৯০২ | হারমান এমিল ফিশার | জার্মানি | সুগার এবং [[পিউরিন সংশ্লেষণের উপর গবেষণা |
১৯০৩ | সাভান্ত্ অগাস্ট আরহেনিয়াস | Sweden | "for his electrolytic theory of dissociation" |
১৯০৪ | স্যার উইলিয়াম র্যামজে | United Kingdom | "for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air" |
১৯০৫ | জোহান ফ্রিডরিখ ভিলহেল্ম এডল্ফ ভন বেয়ার | Germany | "for his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds" |
১৯০৬ | Henri Moissan | France | "for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the electric
furnace named after him" See:Moissan electric furnace |
১৯০৭ | এদুয়ার্দ বাকনার | Germany | "for his biochemical research and his discovery of cell-free [[fermentation
(biochemistry)|fermentation]]" |
১৯০৮ | আর্নেস্ট রাদারফোর্ড | New Zealand and United Kingdom | "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of
radioactive substances" |
১৯০৯ | ভিলহেল্ম ওসওয়াল্ড | Germany | "his work on catalysis and for his investigations into [[chemical
equilibrium|chemical equilibria]] and rates of reaction" |
১৯১০ | Otto Wallach | Germany | "for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds" |
১৯১১ | মেরি কুরি | Poland/France | "for her discovery of radium and polonium " |
১৯১২ | ভিক্টর গ্রিগনার্ড | France | "for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent" |
Paul Sabatier | France | "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds" | |
১৯১৩ | আলফ্রেড ওয়র্নার | Switzerland | "for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules" |
১৯১৪ | থিওডোর উইলিযাম রিচার্ডস | USA | "for his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elements" |
১৯১৫ | Richard Martin Willstätter | Germany | "for his research on plant pigments" |
১৯১৮ | ফ্রিজ হেবার | Germany | "for his synthesis of ammonia" |
১৯২০ | ওয়াল্টার হারমান নার্নস্ট | Germany | "for his work in thermochemistry" |
১৯২১ | ফ্রিডেরিক সোডি | United Kingdom | "for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into
isotopes" |
১৯২২ | ফ্রান্সিস উইলিয়াম অ্যাস্টন | United Kingdom | "for his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive
elements, and for his whole-number rule" |
১৯২৩ | Fritz Pregl | Slovenia | "for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic
substances" |
১৯২৫ | Richard Adolf Zsigmondy | Germany | "for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and the
methods used" |
১৯২৬ | Theodor Svedberg | Sweden | "for his work on disperse systems" |
১৯২৭ | Heinrich Otto Wieland | Germany | "for his investigations of the bile acids and related substances" |
১৯২৮ | Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus | Germany | "for his research into sterols and their connection with vitamins" |
১৯২৯ | Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin | United Kingdom, Germany | "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes" |
১৯৩০ | Hans Fischer | Germany | "for his research into haemin and chlorophyll" |
১৯৩১ | Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius | Germany, Germany | "for their contributions to chemical high pressure methods" |
১৯৩২ | Irving Langmuir | USA | "for his work in surface chemistry" |
১৯৩৪ | Harold Clayton Urey | USA | "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen" |
1935 | Frédéric Joliot, Irene Joliot-Curie | France, France | "for their synthesis of new radioactive elements" |
1936 | Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye | The Netherlands | "for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments
and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases" |
1937 | Walter Norman Haworth | United Kingdom | "for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C" |
Paul Karrer | Switzerland | "for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and
B2" |
|
1938 | Richard Kuhn | Germany | "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins" |
1939 | Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt | Germany | "for his work on sex hormones" |
Lavoslav Ružička | Switzerland | "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" | |
1943 | George de Hevesy | Hungary | "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical
processes" |
1944 | Otto Hahn | Germany | "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei" |
1945 | Artturi Ilmari Virtanen | Finland | "for his research and inventions in agricultural and
nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method" |
1946 | James Batcheller Sumner | USA | "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized" |
John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley | USA, USA | "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure
form" |
|
1947 | Sir Robert Robinson | United Kingdom | "for his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids" |
1948 | Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius | Sweden | "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis" |
1949 | William Francis Giauque | USA | "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics" |
1950 | Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder | Germany, Germany | "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction." |
1951 | Edwin Mattison McMillan, Glenn Theodore Seaborg | USA, USA | "for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements" |
1952 | Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Synge | United Kingdom, United Kingdom | "for their invention of partition chromatography" |
1953 | Hermann Staudinger | Germany | "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry" |
1954 | Linus Carl Pauling | USA | "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond" |
1955 | Vincent du Vigneaud | USA | "for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a
polypeptide hormone" |
1956 | Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov (Никола́й
Никола́евич Семёнов) |
United Kingdom, USSR | "for their research into the mechanism of chemical reactions" |
1957 | Sir Alexander Todd | United Kingdom | "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes" |
1958 | Frederick Sanger | United Kingdom | "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially insulin" |
1959 | Jaroslav Heyrovský | Czechoslovakia | "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of
analysis" |
1960 | Willard Frank Libby | USA | "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination" |
1961 | Melvin Calvin | USA | "for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" |
1962 | Max Ferdinand Perutz, John Cowdery Kendrew | United Kingdom | "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" |
1963 | Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta | Germany, Italy | "for their discoveries relating to high polymers" |
1964 | Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin | United Kingdom | "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of
important biochemical substances" |
1965 | Robert Burns Woodward | USA | "for his achievements in organic synthesis" |
1966 | Robert Sanderson Mulliken | USA | "for his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules" |
1967 | Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter | Germany, United Kingdom, United Kingdom | "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions" |
1968 | Lars Onsager | USA | "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name" |
1969 | Derek Harold Richard Barton, Odd Hassel | United Kingdom, Norway | "for their contributions to the development of the concept of [[tertiary
structure|conformation]]" |
1970 | Luis F. Leloir | Argentina | "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of
carbohydrates" |
1971 | Gerhard Herzberg | Canada | "for his contributions to electronic structure and the geometry of molecules,
particularly free radicals" |
1972 | Christian B. Anfinsen | USA | "for his work on ribonuclease" |
Stanford Moore, William H. Stein | USA, USA | "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical
structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule" |
|
1973 | Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson | Germany, United Kingdom | "for their work on the chemistry of organometallic compounds" |
1974 | Paul J. Flory | USA | "for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical
chemistry of macromolecules" |
1975 | John Warcup Cornforth | United Kingdom and Australia | "for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions" |
Vladimir Prelog | Switzerland | "for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions" | |
1976 | William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. | USA | "for his studies on the structure of Boranes" |
1977 | Ilya Prigogine | Belgium | "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics" |
1978 | Peter D. Mitchell | United Kingdom | "for his formulation of the chemiosmotic theory" |
1979 | Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig | United Kingdom, Germany | "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing
compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis" |
1980 | Paul Berg | USA | "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular
regard to recombinant-DNA" |
Walter Gilbert,Frederick Sanger | USA, United Kingdom | "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" | |
1981 | Kenichi Fukui (福井謙一), Roald Hoffmann | Japan, USA | "for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions" |
1982 | Aaron Klug | United Kingdom, South Africa | "for his development of crystallographic [[electron
microscope|electron microscopy]]" |
1983 | Henry Taube | USA | "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions" |
1984 | Robert Bruce Merrifield | USA | "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix" |
1985 | Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle | USA, USA | "for their achievements in developing direct methods for the
determination of crystal structures" |
1986 | Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee (李遠哲), John C. Polanyi | USA, USA, Canada | "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes" |
1987 | Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen | USA, France, USA | "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of
high selectivity" |
1988 | Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel | Germany, Germany, Germany | "for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a [[photosynthetic
reaction center|photosynthetic reaction centre]]" |
1989 | Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech | Canada and USA, USA | "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" |
1990 | Elias James Corey | USA | "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis" |
1991 | Richard R. Ernst | Switzerland | "for his contributions to the development of high resolution [[nuclear magnetic
resonance]] (NMR) spectroscopy" |
1992 | Rudolph A. Marcus | USA | "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems" |
1993 | Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith | USA, Canada | "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry" |
1994 | George A. Olah | USA | "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" |
1995 | Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland | The Netherlands, Mexico, USA | "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, in particular ozone depletion" |
1996 | Robert Curl, Sir Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley | USA, United Kingdom, USA | "for their discovery of fullerenes" |
1997 | Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker | USA, United Kingdom | "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of
adenosine triphosphate" |
Jens C. Skou | Denmark | "for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme,
Na+/K+-ATPase" |
|
1998 | Walter Kohn | USA | "for his development of the density functional theory" |
John A. Pople | United Kingdom | "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry" | |
1999 | Ahmed H. Zewail | Egypt and USA | "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond
spectroscopy" |
2000 | Alan J. Heeger, Alan G MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa (白川英
樹) |
USA, USA and New Zealand, Japan | "for their discovery and development of conductive polymers" |
2001 | William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori (野依良治) | USA, Japan | "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation
reactions" |
K. Barry Sharpless | USA | "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions" | |
2002 | Kurt Wüthrich, John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka (田中耕一) | Switzerland, USA, Japan | "for their development of methods for identification and structure analyses of
biological macromolecules" |
2003 | Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon | USA, USA | "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes" |
2004 | Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose | Israel, Israel, USA | "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" |
2005 | Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock and Yves Chauvin | USA, USA, France | "for the development of the metathesis method in [[organic
synthesis]]" |
২০০৬ | রজার ডি. কর্নবার্গ | যুক্তরাষ্ট্র | "for his studies of the molecular basis of [[Transcription (genetics)#Eukaryotic
transcription|eukaryotic transcription]]" |
[সম্পাদনা করুন] তথ্যসূত্র
- দি নোবেল ফাউন্ডেশন (২০০৬)। [http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/index.html/
রসায়নে নোবেল]
[সম্পাদনা করুন] আরও দেখুন
- ওল্ফ প্রাইজ ইন কেমিস্ট্রি
- প্রিস্টলি মেডেল
[সম্পাদনা করুন] বহিঃসংযোগ
নোবেল পুনস্কারসমূহ |
---|
রসায়ন • সাহিত্য • শান্তি • পদার্থবিজ্ঞান • চিকিৎসা |
আলফ্রেড নোবেলের স্মৃতিতে প্রদত্ত পুরস্কার: অর্থনীতি |