User:Clamengh/test voyelles
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[redatá] Artícul de test per li bueti IPA/API
[redatá] voyelle basse antérieure non arrondie
Template:Voyelles Template:Infobox API
La voyelle basse antérieure non arrondie est une voyelle utilisée dans de nombreuses langues. Son symbole dans l'alphabet phonétique international est Template:APIb, et son équivalent en symbole X-SAMPA est <tt>a</tt>.
Ce même symbole est employé très souvent pour les voyelles basses centrales non arrondies, cette utilisation étant acceptée par l'Association phonétique internationale. Comme aucune langue ne fait de distinction entre voyelles basses antérieure et centrale, des symboles séparés sont inutiles. Si nécessaire, la différence peut être spécifiée à l'aide du diacritique central, [ä].
[redatá] Caractéristiques
- Son degré d'aperture est bas, ce qui signifie que la langue est positionnée aussi loin que possible du palais.
- Son point d'articulation est antérieur, ce qui signifie que la langue est placée aussi loin que possible à l'avant de la bouche.
- Son caractère de rondeur est non arrondi, ce qui signifie que les lèvres ne sont pas arrondies.
[redatá] Langues
Elle apparaît dans la plupart des langues. Pour celles qui ne possèdent qu'une seule voyelle basse, on utilise généralement le symbole (a) car c'est le seul à appartenir à l'alphabet latin de base. Cependant, dans toutes les langues ci-dessous, à l'exception de l'igbo, la voyelle <a> est plus proche de la centrale [ä] que de l'antérieure [a].
Exemples :
- Allemand ratte ['ʀätə] « rat » (le point d'articulation peut être reculé, selon le dialecte)
- Espagnol : rata [ˈrätä] « rat »
- Français : rat [ʀä]
- Igbo : ákụ́ [ákú̙] « noyau »
- Japonais : 蚊 [kä] « moustique »
- Néerlandais : zaal [zäːl] « salle » (le point d'articulation peut être reculé, selon le dialecte et la génération du locuteur)
- Roumain : cal [käl] « cheval »
[redatá] open front unrounded vowel
IPA – number | 304 |
IPA – text | a |
IPA – image | ![]() |
entity | a |
X-SAMPA | a |
Kirshenbaum | a |
Sound sample ▶(?) |
---|
The open front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is a, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is <tt>a</tt>.
This symbol is very frequently used for an open central unrounded vowel, and this usage is accepted by the International Phonetic Association. Since no language distinguishes front from central open vowels, a separate symbol is not considered necessary. If required, the difference may be specified with the central diacritic, [ä].
[redatá] Features
- Its vowel height is open, which means the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth.
- Its vowel backness is front which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. This subsumes central open vowels because the tongue does not have as much flexibility in positioning as it does for the close vowels; the difference between an open front vowel and an open back vowel is equal to the difference between a close front and a close mid vowel, or a close mid and a close back vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
[redatá] Occurs in
Most languages have some form of an unrounded open vowel. For languages that only have a single low vowel, the symbol for this vowel (a) is usually used because it is the only low vowel whose symbol is part of the basic Latin alphabet. However, in all of the following languages except Igbo, the <a> is closer to a central [ä] than to a front [a].
[redatá] In English
- (AuE and NZE) cut [kät] and cart [käːt]
- In GA this vowel occurs only as the first part of the diphthongs [aɪ], as in lie [laɪ]; and [aʊ], as in how [haʊ]. However, in parts of the Great Lakes region, this vowel occurs in words like stock as a result of the Northern Cities Vowel Shift.
- In traditional RP this vowel occurs only in the same diphthongs as it does in GA. However many British English accents (especially in Northern England and Scotland) use it where RP usually uses [æ], in words such as trap and bat. The symbol /a/ is now used for the vowel of British English trap and bat in dictionaries of the Oxford University Press, and the transcription is certainly more accurate than /æ/ for most younger speakers' pronunciation, including those who could be deemed to speak RP.
- It is used extensively in virtually all dialects of Irish English.
- In many varieties of CaE, it occurs in words like bat as a result of the Canadian Shift.
- This vowel occurs in the Boston accent, for example in star [stäː] and father [fäːðə].
[redatá] In other languages
- Igbo: ákụ́ [ákú̙], kernel (a front vowel)
- Dutch: zaal [zäːl], hall (or a back vowel, depending on dialect and generation of speaker)
- French: rat [ʀä], 'rat'
- German: ratte ['ʀätə], 'rat' (or a back vowel, depending on dialect)
(According to T. Alan Hall: "Phonologie: eine Einführung" - Berlin; New York: de Gruyter, 2000, ISBN 3-11-015641-5, chapter I, page 25, the German [a] is a central vowel)
- Hungarian: áll [äːlː], 'chin, stand'
- Italian: amore [aˈmore], 'love'
- Japanese: 蚊 [kä], 'mosquito'
- Portuguese: há, [a], 'there is'
- Romanian: cal [käl], 'horse'
- Scottish Gaelic: slat [slät], 'yard'
- Spanish: rata [ˈrätä], 'rat'
[redatá] voyelle basse supérieure antérieure non arrondie
Template:Voyelles Template:Infobox API
La voyelle basse supérieure antérieure non arrondie est une voyelle utilisée dans certaines langues. Son symbole dans l'alphabet phonétique international est Template:APIb, et son équivalent en symbole X-SAMPA est <tt>{</tt>.
[redatá] Caractéristiques
- Son degré d'aperture est bas supérieur, ce qui signifie que la position de la langue est proche de celle d'une voyelle basse, mais légèrement moins resserrée.
- Son point d'articulation est antérieur, ce qui signifie que la langue est placée aussi loin que possible à l'avant de la bouche.
- Son caractère de rondeur est non arrondi, ce qui signifie que les lèvres ne sont pas arrondies.
[redatá] Langues
- Anglais : fat [fæt] « gras »
- Finnois : mäki [mæki] « colline »; ääntää [æːntæː] « prononcer »
- Perse : [dær] « porte »
- Vietnamien : tay [tǣj] « bras/main »
[redatá] near-open front unrounded vowel
IPA – number | 325 |
IPA – text | æ |
IPA – image | ![]() |
entity | æ |
X-SAMPA | <nowiki>{</nowiki> |
Kirshenbaum | & |
Sound sample ▶(?) |
---|
The near-open front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is æ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is <tt>{</tt>. The IPA symbol is the lowercase AE ligature, and both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "ash".
[redatá] Features
- Its vowel height is near-open, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to an open vowel, but slightly more constricted.
- Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
[redatá] Occurs in
- English: (RP, GA and AuE) fat [fæt]
- Finnish: mäki ['mæki], 'hill'
- Swedish: kärlek ['ɕæːɹleːk] 'love'
- Norwegian: lærer ['læɾeɾ], 'teacher'
- Persian: [dær], 'door'
- Vietnamese: tay [tǣj], 'arm/hand'
- German: Käse ['kæzə], 'cheese' (some dialects)<!--which ones? I certainly don't know-->