Nancy Pelosi

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Nancy Pelosi
Nancy Pelosi
Ahli Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Syarikat dari
daerah ke-8, California
Tempoh  Jawatan:
1987 - kini
Parti politik:

Demokratik

Didahului  oleh: Sala Burton
Digantikan  dengan: penyandang
Lahir: Mac 26, 1940
Baltimore, Maryland
Pasangan: Paul Pelosi

Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro Pelosi (lahir Mac 26, 1940) merupakan Ketua Minoriti Kongres Amerika Syarikat ke-109. Semenjak 1987, beliau sudah menjadi Perwakilan Demokrat dari ke-8, yang mana kebanyakan bandaraya dan daerah San Francisco termasuk di dalamnya.

Berikutan dengan keputusan Demokrat memenangi pengawalan Dewam di dalam Pilihan raya pertengahan musim 2006, Pelosi dijangka untuk menjadi Speaker Dewan apabila Kongres bersidang dalam bulan Januari 2007 bagi Kongres Amerika Syarikat ke-110.[1] Pelosi merupakan wanita pertama mengetuai sebuah parti politik samada Dewan Kongres, dan mungkin menjadi wanita pertama berketurunan Itali dari negeri California untuk berkhidmat sebagai Speaker.

Jadual isi kandungan

[Sunting] Kehidupan awal dan kerjaya




Pelosi was born Nancy D'Alesandro to Italian American parents in Baltimore, Maryland.[2] The youngest of six children, she was involved in politics at an early age. Her father, Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr., was a U.S. Congressman from Maryland and a mayor of Baltimore. While he was mayor, Nancy helped him maintain a ledger of political favors owed or performed.[3] Her brother, Thomas L. J. D'Alesandro III, also served as Mayor of Baltimore, from 1967 to 1971.

Pelosi graduated from Baltimore's Institute of Notre Dame high school and from Trinity College (now Trinity Washington University) in Washington, D.C. in 1962, where she met Paul Pelosi. When the couple married, they moved to his hometown of San Francisco, where his brother was a member of the city's board of supervisors (San Francisco city and county council).

Once the youngest of their five children became a senior in high school, Nancy Pelosi worked her way up in Democratic politics to become party chairwoman for Northern California, and joined forces with one of the leaders of the California Democratic Party, 5th District Congressman Phillip Burton.

Pelosi is an honorary board member of the National Organization of Italian American Women.

[Sunting] Family

Pelosi has five children: Nancy Corinne, Christine, Jacqueline, Paul and Alexandra. Alexandra, a journalist, covered the Republican presidential campaigns in 2000 and made a movie about the experience, Journeys with George. She also covered the campaigns in 2004 and wrote a book on it.

The Pelosi family has a net worth of over $25 million, mainly from Paul's investments. Besides a large portfolio of jointly owned San Francisco Bay Area real estate, he also has millions of dollars worth of shares in publicly traded companies such as Microsoft, Amazon.com and AT&T.[4] In 2003, the Pelosi family sold their (non-union) 8 acre Rutherford vineyard.[4]

[Sunting] Congressional career

Pelosi and House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer meeting with George W. Bush on November 9, 2006.
Besarkan
Pelosi and House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer meeting with George W. Bush on November 9, 2006.

When Phillip Burton died in 1983, his wife Sala won a special election to complete his term. When she became ill with cancer, she suggested that Pelosi run for her seat in 1988. Sala Burton died on February 1, 1987, just a month after being sworn in for a second full term. Pelosi won in a special election to succeed her, narrowly defeating left wing San Francisco Supervisor Harry Britt, and took office on June 2, 1987. She was elected to a full term in 1988 and has been reelected eight times.

Pelosi represents one of the safest Democratic districts in the country; Democrats have held the seat since 1949. Pelosi has never faced a credible Republican opponent, which is not surprising since Republicans only make up 13 percent of registered voters in the district. Since defeating Britt, she has never really had to campaign, and has never participated in a candidates' debate.[5]

After the Tiananmen protests of 1989, Pelosi became a supporter of the Chinese democracy movement and a vocal critic of the government of the People's Republic of China, sponsoring the Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992.

In the House, she served on the Appropriations and Intelligence Committees, and spent much time raising funds for other members. She was the ranking Democrat on the Intelligence Committee for two years.

As of the 2006 mid-term elections, Representative Pelosi appears poised to become the first female Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.

[Sunting] Democratic Party leadership

In 2001, she was elected the House Minority Whip, second-in-command to Minority Leader Dick Gephardt of Missouri, becoming the first woman in U.S. history to reach that position. Since then, she has campaigned for candidates in 30 states and in 90 Congressional districts.

In 2002, after Gephardt resigned as minority leader to seek the Democratic nomination in the 2004 presidential election, Pelosi was elected to replace him, becoming the first woman to lead a major party in the House.

[Sunting] Political record and platforms

Nancy Pelosi during the 2006 Chinese new year celebrations in San Francisco
Besarkan
Nancy Pelosi during the 2006 Chinese new year celebrations in San Francisco

Pelosi is generally considered to be a liberal. Templat:Citation needed

[Sunting] Abortion

Pelosi has a long record of being pro-choice.[6] Since 1995 she has consistently voted against challenges to the Supreme Court’s decision regarding the landmark abortion case of Roe vs. Wade. The California legislature passed the California Therapeutic Abortion Act in 1967 that was signed into law by then California Governor Ronald Reagan. This California law is at the root of Pelosi's support for access to abortion for all citizens of the United States.[7] Raised a Catholic, she has said that she will continue to ask for communion despite some Catholic bishops refusing communion to those who support abortion[8]. Some pro-life activists have called for her to be denied communion.[9]

Pelosi voted for the Unborn Victims of Violence Act in 2001, legislation that made it a federal crime to commit violence against a pregnant woman that interrupts or terminates her pregnancy. In 2004, Pelosi voted against the measure when it was reintroduced with a new definition of a violent attack on a pregnant woman as two distinct crimes: one against the woman herself, and the other against her unborn fetus. Pelosi is also a consistent "yes" vote for both federal funding of abortion facilities and of financial aid to such organizations.

Pelosi with Lance Armstrong.
Besarkan
Pelosi with Lance Armstrong.

[Sunting] Agriculture

Pelosi has a reputation of being generally supportive of agriculture.[10] However, agriculture is not a large factor in her district.

[Sunting] Budget and taxes

Pelosi supports federal funding of government programs with tax increases when necessary.[11] She has supported many bills which would increase assistance to the poor and disadvantaged while increasing taxes on higher wage earners. Pelosi has also voted against repealing the Estate Tax. She has been an outspoken supporter of a balanced budget, though she voted against the 1995 Balanced Budget Proposed Constitutional Amendment.[12]

[Sunting] Civil liberties

Pelosi has consistently favored general civil liberties and First Amendment rights[13]. She has been steadfast in voting for freedom of speech including voting against laws banning flag-burning. She has voted and been a strong supporter of the separation of church and state. She has also been an opponent of the Federal Marriage Amendment and enforcement of the Fourteenth Amendment barring discrimination based on race. Templat:Citation needed

[Sunting] National defense

Before September 11, 2001, Pelosi had been fiscally conservative on government spending on national defense and military programs. After 2001, she has generally supported spending for national defense in areas of the War on Terrorism.[14] In San Francisco, however, Pelosi is sometimes seen as more right wing, because she voted for the USA PATRIOT Act (which she now opposes) and authored the Presidio Trust Act, which privatized the Presidio of San Francisco. Like most House Democrats, Pelosi opposed the resolution authorizing President Bush to use military force against Iraq,[15] and has acknowledged Saddam Hussein's WMD program.[16] [17] She has also begun to criticize strongly the war effort, and has introduced an amendment to the FY 2006 Defense Appropriations bill calling on President Bush to specify a strategy for success in Iraq, as well as a timetable for the safe withdrawal of American troops.

[Sunting] Education

Pelosi has been a strong ally in the federal funding of education, both in public schools and higher education.[18] She was a supporter of the hotly contested “No Child Left Behind Act” in May of 2001, which instituted testing to track students' progress and authorized an increase in overall education spending.

[Sunting] Environment and energy

Pelosi has a history of supporting the development of new technologies to reduce U.S. dependence upon foreign oil and the adverse environmental effects of burning fossil fuels.[19] She has widely supported conservation programs and energy research appropriations. She has also voted against ANWR Drilling.[20]

[Sunting] Gun control

Pelosi has consistently supported limitations to the Second Amendment of the United States Constituion. She has voted to limit the ownership of firearms and concealed weapons.[21] She has routinely voted to restrict the number of handguns sold in the United States and to extend the waiting period for purchasing a firearm of any type. She voted against 24 Hour Background Check Amendment bill that would make background checks at a gun show mandatory because the waiting period was only 24 hours[22]. She later voted for an amendment to this bill that would extend the waiting period to 72 hours[23]. She also voted against the Gun Ban Repeal Act of 1995, which sets the mandatory minimum prison sentence to 5 years in prison for possession of a firearm while committing a crime and 10 years in prison for brandishing a firearm while committing a violent federal crime or drug trafficking, possibly because it repealed prohibitions related to semiautomatic weapons and large capacity ammunition feeding devices[24].

[Sunting] Health care

Pelosi with Bono and James E. Clyburn.
Besarkan
Pelosi with Bono and James E. Clyburn.

Pelosi has been a supporter of strong government control over the health care industry.[25] She has continually voted to increase Medicare and Medicaid benefits across the board.

[Sunting] Immigration

Pelosi has been a constant supporter of immigrant rights.[26] She has voted against the States' choice to deny public education services to illegal immigrants and allow them to collect public assistance such as welfare and Medicaid. She also voted against the Secure Fence Act of 2006, which authorizes the construction of 700 miles of double-layered fencing between the U.S. and Mexico.

[Sunting] Minimum wage

Pelosi has consistently voted for increasing minimum wage.[27]

[Sunting] Electoral History

  • 2006 Race for U.S. House of Representatives - California 8th District (results not yet certified)
    • Nancy Pelosi (D) (inc.), 80%
    • Mike DeNunzio (R), 10%
    • Krissy Keefer (G), 8%
    • Philip Z. Berg (L), 1.5%
  • 2004 Race for U.S. House of Representatives - California 8th District
    • Nancy Pelosi (D) (inc.), 83%
    • Jennifer Depalma (R), 12%
    • Leilani Dowell (PF), 3.5%
    • Terry Baum (G) (write-in) 2%
  • 2002 Race for U.S. House of Representatives - California 8th District
    • Nancy Pelosi (D) (inc.), 80%
    • G. Michael Geman (R), 13%
    • Jay Pond (G), 6%
    • Ira Spivack (L), 2%
  • 2000 Race for U.S. House of Representatives - California 8th District
    • Nancy Pelosi (D) (inc.), 85%
    • Adam Sparks (R), 12%
    • Erik Bauman (L), 3%
    • David Smithstein (NL), 1.2%
  • 1998 Race for U.S. House of Representatives - California 8th District
    • Nancy Pelosi (D) (inc.), 86%
    • David Martz (R), 12%
    • David Smithstein (NL), 2%
  • 1996 Race for U.S. House of Representatives - California 8th District
    • Nancy Pelosi (D) (inc.), 84%
    • Justin Raimondo (R), 12%
    • David Smithstein (NL), 3%
  • 1994 Race for U.S. House of Representatives - California 8th District
    • Nancy Pelosi (D) (inc.), 82%
    • Elsa C. Cheung (R), 18%
  • 1992 Race for U.S. House of Representatives - California 8th District
    • Nancy Pelosi (D) (inc.), 82%
    • Marc Wolin (R), 11%
    • James R. Elwood (L), 3%
    • Cesar G. Cadabes, (PF), 3%
  • 1990 Race for U.S. House of Representatives - California 5th District
    • Nancy Pelosi (D) (inc.), 77%
    • Alan Nichols (R), 23%
  • 1988 Race for U.S. House of Representatives - California 5th District
    • Nancy Pelosi (D), 76%
    • Bruce Michael O'Neill (R), 19%
    • Sam Grove (L), 2%
    • Theodore "Ted" Zuur (PF), 2%
Koleksi petikan Wikiquote mengenai: Nancy Pelosi

[Sunting] See also

  • Pilihan raya Dewan Amerika Syarikat, 2006

[Sunting] Rujukan

  1. http://elections.us.reuters.com/top/news/usnN08481716.html
  2. http://www.osia.org/public/legislative/congress.asp
  3. Madam Speaker?.The Economist, November 2, 2006
  4. 4.0 4.1 Zachary Coile: “Bay lawmakers among wealthiest / Feinstein and Pelosi continue to top the list of the richest members of Congress,” San Francisco Chronicle, June 26, 2004, p. B-3, retrieved October 29, 2006.
  5. Edward Epstein: “CAMPAIGN 2006: Eighth Congressional District / 3 challengers fight for Pelosi seat,” San Francisco Chronicle, October 20, 2006, p. B-1, retrieved October 29, 2006.
  6. http://www.vote-smart.org/voting_category.php?can_id=H0222103&type=category&category=Abortion%2BIssues&go.x=6&go.y=9
  7. http://www.ppacca.org/site/pp.asp?c=kuJYJeO4F&b=139490
  8. Pelosi says she'll take Communion in spite of Vatican policies, USA Today, 4/29/2004
  9. LIFE DIGEST: Catholic battle over pro-choice politicians grows - Baptist to Baptist
  10. http://www.vote-smart.org/voting_category.php?can_id=H0222103&type=category&category=Agriculture%2BIssues&go.x=6&go.y=8
  11. http://www.vote-smart.org/voting_category.php?can_id=H0222103&type=category&category=Budget%252C%2BSpending%2Band%2BTaxes&go.x=3&go.y=7
  12. http://www.vote-smart.org/issue_keyvote_detail.php?vote_id=18&can_id=H0222103
  13. http://www.vote-smart.org/voting_category.php?can_id=H0222103&type=category&category=Civil%2BLiberties&go.x=3&go.y=4
  14. http://www.vote-smart.org/voting_category.php?can_id=H0222103&type=category&category=Defense&go.x=14&go.y=11
  15. http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2002/roll455.xml
  16. http://www.house.gov/pelosi/priraq1.htm
  17. http://www.house.gov/pelosi/UnilateralUseofForce101002.htm
  18. http://www.vote-smart.org/voting_category.php?can_id=H0222103&type=category&category=Education&go.x=10&go.y=8
  19. http://www.vote-smart.org/voting_category.php?can_id=H0222103&type=category&category=Energy%2BIssues&go.x=10&go.y=12
  20. http://www.vote-smart.org/issue_keyvote_detail.php?vote_id=3506&can_id=H0222103
  21. http://www.vote-smart.org/voting_category.php?can_id=H0222103&type=category&category=Gun%2BIssues&go.x=9&go.y=9
  22. http://www.vote-smart.org/issue_keyvote_detail.php?vote_id=866&can_id=H0222103
  23. http://www.vote-smart.org/issue_keyvote_detail.php?vote_id=2286&can_id=H0222103
  24. http://www.vote-smart.org/issue_keyvote_detail.php?vote_id=2285&can_id=H0222103
  25. http://www.vote-smart.org/voting_category.php?can_id=H0222103&type=category&category=Health%2BIssues&go.x=10&go.y=5
  26. http://www.vote-smart.org/voting_category.php?can_id=H0222103&type=category&category=Immigration&go.x=10&go.y=7
  27. http://www.vote-smart.org/voting_category.php?can_id=H0222103&type=category&category=Labor&go.x=12&go.y=8

[Sunting] Pautan luar

Lihat galeri mengenai: Nancy Pelosi di Wikimedia Commons.
Didahului oleh:
Sala Burton
United States Representative for the 5th Congressional District of California
1987 – 1993
Diikuti oleh:
Robert T. Matsui
Didahului oleh:
Ron Dellums
United States Representative for the 8th Congressional District of California
1993 – Present
Diikuti oleh:
Incumbent
Didahului oleh:
David Bonior
House Democratic Whip
House Minority Whip

2002 – 2003
Diikuti oleh:
Steny Hoyer
Didahului oleh:
Dick Gephardt
House Democratic Leader
House Minority Leader

2003 – kini
Pemegang jawatan kini

Templat:USHouseMinWhip Templat:CA-FedRep