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- -671: "In the next century Kush went on to conquer Upper Egypt and subsequently Lower Egypt, but then lost the latter to invading iron-wielding Assyrians by 671 B.C." (Martin 1995:69)
- 641: "Byzantine Egypt fell within a few years of the Arab invasion in A.D. 641" (Martin 1995:99)
- 969: "The Fatimids ... invaded Egypt in A.D. 969" (Martin 1995:101)
- 1171: "The Fatimids ... invaded Egypt in A.D. 969, and ruled from a capital at Cairo until A.D. 11 7 1" (Martin 1995:101)
- 1471: "Portuguese to venture down the Guinea coast ... reached the Gold Coast (1471)" (Martin 1995:116)
- 1483: "Portuguese to venture down the Guinea coast ... reached ... Kongo (1483)" (Martin 1995:116)
- 1488: "Portuguese to venture down the Guinea coast ... reached ... Cape of Good Hope (1488)" (Martin 1995:116)
- 1497: "Portuguese to venture down the Guinea coast ... In 1497, Vasco da Gama reached the Indian Ocean and the Swahili towns of East Africa, and sailed onward to southern India" (Martin 1995:116)
- 1506: "Mani Kongo Afonso I (1506-1543)" (Martin 1995:121)
- 1543: "Mani Kongo Afonso I (1506-1543)" (Martin 1995:121)
- 1652: "the Dutch East Indies Company built a supply station at the Cape of Good Hope" (Martin 1995:128)
- 1665: "Kongo ... 1665 defeat by the Portuguese and their allies in the Battle of Mbwila" (Martin 1995:122)
- 1737: "The Moravian Brethren sent missionaries to the Khoikhoi people of South Africa as early as 1737" (Martin 1995:125)
- 1772: "The first British abolitionist act in 1772 banned slavery only in Great Britain" (Martin 1995:124)
- 1793: "The Moravian Brethren sent missionaries to the Khoikhoi people of South Africa as early as 1737, and established there permanently in 1793" (Martin 1995:125)
- 1795: "The first modern European expedition into the interior of Africa is often considered the 1795-97 trip of Mungo Park up the Gambia River to the Upper Niger River" (Martin 1995:124)
- 1797: "The first modern European expedition into the interior of Africa is often considered the 1795-97 trip of Mungo Park up the Gambia River to the Upper Niger River" (Martin 1995:124)
- 1801: "London Missionary Society missionaries arrived in South Africa in 1801" (Martin 1995:125)
- 1804: "Church Missionary Society missionaries began in Sierra Leone in 1804" (Martin 1995:125)
- 1806: "In 1806 the Cape Colony was captured and subsequently administered on a permanent basis by the British government" (Roddy 1999:64)
- 1807:
- "In 1807, Britain forbade its citizens to trade in slaves" (Martin 1995:124)
- "The restructuring of labour relations in the Cape kst became apparent when further slave 'imports' were banned in 1807" (Roddy 1999:64)
- 1821: "Liberia, the latter founded in 1821 by freed African American slaves" (Martin 1995:136)
- 1824: "the first European reached Kano ... passed through the gates of the city on 20 January 1824" (Iliffe 1983:5)
- 1832: "Macgregor Laird founded the African Inland Commercial Company in 1832" (Martin 1995:124)
- 1833: "Britain forbade its citizens to trade in slaves, and in 1833 it outlawed slavery in all British colonies except India" (Martin 1995:124)
- 1834:
- "Cape ... slavery itself was abolished in 1834" (Roddy 1999:64)
- "between 1834 and 1838 ... became known as the 'Great Trek' (Keegan 1996)" (Roddy 1999:65)
- 1838: "between 1834 and 1838 ... became known as the 'Great Trek' (Keegan 1996)" (Roddy 1999:65)
- 1842: "The British ... planted a colony on the east coast at Natal in 1842" (Martin 1995:128)
- 1847: "Abd al-Qadir ... his capture by the French in 1847" (Martin 1995:110)
- 1859: "opening of the Suez Canal in 1859" (Martin 1995:126)
- 1868: "discovery and exploitation of diamonds in Griqualand West from 1868" (Roddy 1999:68)
- 1871: "In 1871, when Livingstone had not been heard from for several years, the American Henry Morton Stanley led a search expedition that found him at Ujiji on Lake Tanganyika" (Martin 1995:125)
- 1873: "Livingstone ... died in 1873" (Martin 1995:125)
- 1875: "Tswana aristocrats ... Khama became chief of the Bamangwato group among them in 1875" (Iliffe 1983:42)
- 1877: "Transvaal Republic was annexed in 1877" (Roddy 1999:68)
- 1878: "conquered by British troops ... the Gcaleka Xhosa in 1878" (Roddy 1999:68)
- 1879:
- "Zulu defeat of a British imperial army in 1879 at the Battle of Isandhlwana" (Martin 1995:132)
- "conquered by British troops, bringing them under the control of a confederated state ... the Zulu and the Pedi in 1879" (Roddy 1999:68)
- 1881:
- "In 1881 Pondoland was taken under British authority" (Roddy 1999:68-69)
- "regaining of Afrikaner independence in the Transvaal in 1881" (Roddy 1999:69)
- 1884: "in 1884 ... the Sotho were given relative autonomy with British overlordship in Basutoland (modem-day Lesotho) - the first British High Commission territory in the subcontinent (Marks 1985a)" (Roddy 1999:69)
- 1885: "The British government incorporated the southern part of Bechuanaland within the Cape Colony in 1885" (Roddy 1999:72)
- 1886: "discovery and exploitation of ... gold in the Transvaal from 1886" (Roddy 1999:68), "the gold discoveries of 1886" (69)
- 1891: "Samuel Adjai Crowther ... the Anglican Church consecrated Crowther as bishop of the Niger territory ... died in 1891" (Martin 1995:125)
- 1898: "Samori Toure ... defeat and capture in 1898" (Martin 1995:138)
- 1905: "inTanganyika, the Maji-Maji insurrection against German rule in 1905" (Martin 1995:150)
- 1906: "last significant Zulu revolt was the Bambata Rebellion of 1906" (Martin 1995:132)
- 1908: "the Congo Free State, which became the Belgian Congo (now Zaire) in 1908" (Martin 1995:136)
- 1912: "middle-class Africans founded the African National Congress" (Martin 1995:132)
- 1913: "the Natives Land Act limited African land purchases to only 7 percent of South Africa" (Martin 1995:131)
- 1919: "Clements Kadalie, an immigrant from Nyasaland, started the Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union and led African mine workers to strike" (Martin 1995:132)
- 1923:
- "The white settlers of Southern Rhodesia gained the right to govern themselves in 1923" (Martin 1995:148)
- "government passed the 1923 Natives (Urban Areas) Act" in South Africa (Roddy 1999:75)
- 1926: "triumph of fascism in Portugal in 1926" (Martin 1995:143)
- 1930: "Ras Tafari, the late Haile Selassie I, who ascended the throne in Ethiopia in 1930" (Martin 1995:287)
- 1935: "In the English-speaking countries, the cinema industry owed its origin in 1935 to the establishment by Britain of the Bantu Educational Cinema Experiment in Tanzania" (Martin 1995:283)
- 1936:
- "In 19 13, the Natives Land Act limited African land purchases to only 7 percent of South Africa ... was increased to 13 percent in 1936" (Martin 1995:131)
- "victory of the left-wing Popular Front in France in 1936" (Martin 1995:143)
- 1939: "saniceo coa farmers initiated the Cocoa Holdup of 1939 to protest the low prices they were getting for their crops" (Martin 1995:150)
- 1945: "in 1945. This was the Fifth Pan-African Congress, chaired by W. E. B. Du Bois" (Martin 1995:160)
- 1948: "In 1948, the Afrikaner National Party (NP) came to power in South Africa" (Roddy 1999:77)
- 1950:
- "Population Registration Act of 1950. This Act classified every South African as a member of a racial group" (Roddy 1999:78)
- "Group Areas Act of 1950" (Roddy 1999:78)
- 1951: Gold Coast ... "February 1951, during a period when Nkrumah was incarcerated, general elections" (Martin 1995:162)
- 1952: "Kenya ... in late 1952, a state of emergency was declared after a series of violent acts attributed to the protest movement called "Mau Mau"" (Martin 1995:162)
- 1957: "creation of independent Ghana on March 6, 1957" (Martin 1995:162)
- 1959: "television ... made its debut in Nigeria in 1959" (Martin 1995:282)
- 1961: "Angolan liberation movements to begin armed struggle in 196 1" (Martin 1995:165), "guerrilla warfare had begun in Angola in 1961" (Roddy 1999:82)
- 1962: "Angolan liberation movements to begin armed struggle in 196 1, to be followed by similar movements in Guinea-Bissau and in Mozambique, starting in 1962 and 1964 respectively" (Martin 1995:165)
- 1963: "Kenya eventually achieved independence on December 12, 1963" (Martin 1995:163)
- 1964: "Angolan liberation movements to begin armed struggle in 196 1, to be followed by similar movements in Guinea-Bissau and in Mozambique, starting in 1962 and 1964 respectively" (Martin 1995:165), "guerrilla warfare had begun ... in Mozambique by 1964" (Roddy 1999:82)
- 1965:
- "Rhodesia's settler-based government, under the leadership of Ian Smith, issued a unilateral declaration of independence from British rule in 1965" (Martin 1995:163), "Southern Rhodesia ... Ian Smith's white government declared its own independence in 1965" (Roddy 1999:82)
- "Nigeria ... the Yoruba riots of 1965" (Iliffe 1983:57)
- 1966:
- "1966, ethnic considerations led to a bitter civil war in Nigeria, with the Igbo demanding their own nation-state, Biafra" (Martin 1995:139)
- "Basutoland and Bechuanaland became independent in 1966, as Lesotho and Botswana respectively" (Roddy 1999:82)
- 1968:
- "Nigeria ... Yoruba riots of 1965 ... T~h ree years later the more formidable Agbekoya Rebellion was launched mainly by Yorubaland's poor and middle peasants" (Iliffe 1983:57)
- "became independent ... Swaziland in 1968" (Roddy 1999:82)
- 1969:
- "since 1969 the Festival Panafricain du Cinema de Ouagadougou (FESPACO)" (Martin 1995:284)
- "In 1969 the white Rhodesian government declared itself a republic with policies similar to those of apartheid South Africa" (Roddy 1999:82)
- 1971:
- "most of Nigeria's factory workers struck in 197 1" (Iliffe 1983:62)
- "Tanzania ... The tractor-cultivated maize farms of Ismani were officially expropriated on 11 May 1971" (Iliffe 1983:79)
- 1974:
- "In 1974 a massive effort by African governments and international donors was launched to control the blackfly" (Martin 1995:40)
- "Guinea-Bissau secured independence in 1974" (Martin 1995:166)
- "Ethiopia expelled the U.S. military and broke with the United States in 1974" (Martin 1995:354)
- "Spanish (now Western) Sahara. In 1974, Spain decided to abandon its colony" (Stock 1995:18)
- 1975:
- "ECOWAS (the Economic Community of West African States) was established in 1975" (Martin 1995:5)
- "Guinea-Bissau secured independence in 1974, and Mozambique and Angola in 1975" (Martin 1995:166)
- "Morocco and Mauritania, Spain signed a treaty in November 1975 with those two countries, under which Spanish Sahara was to be divided between Morocco and Mauritania" (Stock 1995:18)
- 1977:
- "Fela Anikulapo-Kuti ... based in Nigeria ... His "Kalakuta Republic" home was burned down in broad daylight in 1977 by "unknown" soldiers" (Martin 1995:289)
- "Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture, which Nigeria hosted early in 1977" (Martin 1995:291)
- "In 1977, Somalia invaded Ethiopia in an unsuccessful attempt to take over the Ogaden" (Stock 1995:18)
- 1978: "Western Sahara ... POLISARIO managed to force the Mauritanians to withdraw and renounce their territorial claims in 1978" (Stock 1995:18)
- 1979:
- "April 1979 Idi Amin's eight-year reign of terror in Uganda was ended by a combined force of Tanzanian army units and Ugandan exiles" (Martin 1995:353)
- "predatory regime of Francisco Macias Nguema in Equatorial Guinea was overthrown in August 1979" (Martin 1995:353)
- "August 1979 ... September of the same year, Jean-Bedel Bokassa, self-crowned emperor of the Central African Empire, was deposed by the military" (Martin 1995:353)
- "Roger Anstey who was the first Professor of Modern History ... his death in 1979" (Iliffe 1983:ix)
- "Rhodesian ... guerrilla war which ended only in 1979 when Rhodesia moved towards internationally recognized independence as Zimbabwe" (Roddy 1999:82)
- "Grenada ... In March 1979, Maurice Bishop ... otherthrew what was regarded as the dictatorial and corrupt regime of Eric Gairy" (Potter 1999:70)
- 1980:
- "SADCC The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) was established in 1980 by nine nations" (Martin 1995:5)
- "election of Robert Mugabe as Zimbabwe's first prime minister in 1980" (Martin 1995:163)
- "Maitatsine Rebellion of December 1980 in Kano city, when 4177 people are said to have died in riots" (Iliffe 1983:60)
- "Liberia ... military coup of 1980" (Iliffe 1983:81)
- 1982: "Anstey Memorial Lectures were established in 1982 to honour Roger Anstey who was the first Professor of Modern History in the University of Kent at Canterbury" (Iliffe 1983:ix)
- 1983:
- "King Sunny Ade ... European and American tour in 1983" (Martin 1995:288)
- "Maurice Bishop was assassinated in October 1983, and the island invaded by the United States military forces" in Grenada (Potter 1999:70)
- 1984:
- "Fela Anikulapo-Kuti ... based in Nigeria ... in 1984 he was jailed by yet another military government" (Martin 1995:289)
- "Botha's government implemented a new constitution in 1984, which allowed them to elect representatives to their own, relatively powerless, legislatures, within the tricameral Parliament" in South Africa (Roddy 1999:83)
- 1986: "1986, South Africa, claiming that "terrorists" belonging to the African National Congress were being permitted to stay in Lesotho, imposed a total blockade" (Stock 1995:16)
- 1990: "February 1990, when the president of Benin, Mathieu KCrCkou, was forced to convene a National Conference to address the country's economic and political crises ... the delegates ... declared the conference sovereign, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the National Assembly. By the end of the ten-day conference, KCrCkou had been stripped of his power, and a former World Bank official, NicCphore Soglo, had been chosen interim prime minister. Subsequently, Benin's first democratic election in seventeen years reconfirmed the conference's choice of Soglo to run the country" (Martin 1995:355)
- 1991: "Ethiopia ... Eritrea ... lasted for thirty years, culminating with the victory of the EPLF on the battlefield in 199 1" (Martin 1995:166)
- 1992:
- "first Nigerian Film Festival, which was held in Lagos in 1992" (Martin 1995:284)
- Ethiopia "local elections in 1992" (Zewde 2002:64)
- 1993:
- "the independent state of Eritrea was born in May 1993" (Martin 1995:166)
- "Kenyans voted almost 2 to 1 for change in an election in 1993, but autocratic incumbent president Daniel arap Moi prevailed with 36.7 percent of the vote simply because the opposition was split" (Martin 1995:355)
- 1994: Ethiopia "elections in 1994 to a Constitutional Assembly" (Zewde 2002:64)
- 1995: Ethiopia "the first regional and national elections that were based on a democratic constitution, in May 1995" (Zewde 2002:64)