Kongeriket Kypros

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Våpenskjoldet til Lusignan-kongane av Kypros
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Våpenskjoldet til Lusignan-kongane av Kypros
Mellomalderfort i Pafos på Kypros
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Mellomalderfort i Pafos på Kypros

Kongeriket Kypros var eit krossfarar-kongerike på øya Kypros i seinmellomalderen.

Øya vart erobra frå Isak Komnenos, ein lokal guvernør og herskar. Han hadde utropa seg sjølv som keisar av det bysantinske riket. I 1191 vart han sigra over av kong Rikard I av England, i løpet av det tredje krosstoget. Rikard selde så øya til Tempelriddarordenen, som i sin tur selde vidare til Guy de Lusignan i 1192. Rikard sitt krosstog hadde slege feil, og Guy vart avsett frå kongeriket Jerusalem. Broren og etterfylgjaren Amalrik I av Kypros, fekk tildelt kongekrona og kongetittelen av keisar Henrik VI av det tysk-romerske riket. Ein liten minoritet av romersk-katolske budde mest i byar ved kysten. Døme på ein slik by var Famagusta, men òg i innlandsbyen og den tradisjonelle hovudstaden Nikosia. Romersk-katolikkane hadde styringsmakta, medan greske innbyggjarar budde mest på landsbygda. Slik var maktstrukturen mykje lik [kongeriket Jerusalem.

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The independent Eastern Orthodox Church of Cyprus, with its own archbishop and subject to no patriarch, was allowed to remain on the island, but the Latin Church largely displaced it in stature and holding property.

After the death of Amalric of Lusignan, the Kingdom continually passed to a series of young boys who grew up as king. The Ibelin family, which had held much power in Jerusalem prior its downfall, acted as regents during these early years. In 1229 one of the Ibelin regents was forced out of power by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, who brought the struggle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines to the island. Frederick's supporters were defeated in this struggle by 1233, although it lasted longer in Palestine and in Europe. Frederick's Hohenstaufen descendants continued to rule as kings of Jerusalem until 1268 when Hugh III of Cyprus claimed the title and its territory of Acre for himself upon the death of Conrad III of Jerusalem, thus uniting the two kingdoms. The territory in Palestine was finally lost while Henry II was king in 1291, but the kings of Cyprus continued to claim the title.

Like Jerusalem, Cyprus had a Haute Cour (High Court), although it was less powerful than it had been in Jerusalem. The island was richer and more feudal than Jerusalem, so the king had more personal wealth and could afford to ignore the Haute Cour. The most important vassal family was the multi-branch House of Ibelin. However, the king was often in conflict with the Italian merchants, especially because Cyprus had become the centre of European trade with Africa and Asia after the fall of Acre in 1291.

The kingdom eventually came to be dominated more and more in the 14th century by the Genoese merchants. Cyprus therefore sided with the Avignon Papacy in the Great Schism, in the hope that the French would be able to drive out the Italians. The Mameluks then made the kingdom a tributary state in 1426; the remaining monarchs gradually lost almost all independence, until 1489 when the last Queen, Catherine Cornaro, was forced to sell the island to Venice.

[endre] List of Kings of Cyprus

[endre] Pretenders of the Kingdom of Cyprus

  • Eugene Matteo de Armenia (148?-1523), said by his own progeny to have been an illegitimate son of King James II of Cyprus and if born in the 1480s he was quite a posthumous specimen, alleged to have moved to Sicily then Malta, founder of the family of Baron di Baccari (Tal-Baqqar).
  • Charlotte (d 1487) and Louis (d 1482), queen and king-consort, continued as pretenders, Charlotte renounced 1482 (in favor of:)
  • Charles I of Savoy (1482-90), legitimate great-grandson of Janus of Cyprus, son of a first cousin of Charlotte, second cousin of James III, nephew of Louis
  • Charles II of Savoy (1490-96)
  • Yolande Louise of Savoy (1496-99) and Philibert II of Savoy (d 1504)
    • Philip II of Savoy (1496-97), father of Philibert II, great-uncle of Charles II and of Yolande Louise, first cousin of Charlotte, grandson of Janus of Cyprus.
  • and several others. The rights diverted de jure, but were claimed by the male line. See further under Kings of Jerusalem#Cypriot claimants.