Giuseppe Garibaldi

Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.

Giuseppe Garibaldi
Profession: soldat
País: Itàlia
Data de naissença: 4 de julhet de 1807
Luòc de naissença: Niça (actualament part de la França)
Data de decès: 2 de junh de 1882
Luòc de decès: Illa de Caprera, Itàlia


Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) foguèt un soldat e patriòta italian, un dels actors màgers de l'unificacion de son país, entre 1859 e 1870.

Garibaldi a nascut en Niça (dins lo reialme de Piemont-Sardenha). En 1833, coneguèt Giuseppe Mazzini, defensor de l'unificacion italiana. En 1834 participèt a un movement d'implantacion de la republica dins lo Piemont, sens poder capitar. Condamnat a mòrt, s'escapa a Tunisia puèi al Brasil.

Tanben participèt a la Guerra dos Farrapos (Revolucion Farroupilha), un movement de liberacion de l'estat brasilian del Rio Grande do Sul. Per aquesta participacions en movements en Itàlia e Brasil, Garibaldi es conegut coma eròi de Dos Monds.

Al Brasil, Garibaldi rencontrèt Anita Ribeiro al Rio Grande do Sul, que desvenguèt mai tard Anita Garibaldi, sa femna. En 1841 lo cople foguèt a Montevideo, Uruguai, e, en 1842, combatissèt contra l'argentin dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas.

En 1848 tornèt en Itàlia, durant las revolucions de 1848. Ofrissèt sos servicis al rei Carlo Alberto di Savoia, mas lo monarca refusèt. Mentre, una republica foguèt proclamat a Roma, capitala dels Estats Papals. Garibaldi defendèt Roma amb sa femna Anita, mas la ciutat se revoltèt. Las tropas Garibaldi s'escapèron al nòrd, e Anita moriguèt pendent la retreta.

Garibaldi s'escapèt tornarmai en America. Demorèt a Nòva York e al Peró. Tornèt en Itàlia en 1854.

[Modificar] L'unificacion italiana

En 1859 comencèt una guèrra entre la Sardenha e l'Empèri Austro-Ongrés. Garibaldi foguèt nomenat Major-general e, amb un grop de volontaris, triomfèt dels austriacs a Varese, Como e dins d'autras ciutats. Mas sa vila mairala, Niça, foguèt balhada a la França, en retorn d'una assistància militara cruciala.

Besoin de traduction   Aqueste tèxt o de tèxt en comentari a besonh d'èsser revirat (entièrament o non). Se coneissètz la lenga utilizada, esitetz pas ! Mercé per Wikipèdia.

Nel començament de 1860, a revolt against lo monarca absolutista del Reialme de las Doas Sicilias provided an opportunity for Garibaldi. He gathered 1000 men (i Mille) and landed in Marsala, lo punt mai occidental de Sicilia, en 11 de mai de 1860. En [13 de mai]] he defeated a garrisson of 3000 men sent by the Bourbon king at Calatafimi. On the following day, he declared himself dictator of Sicilia in the name of king Victor Emmanuel II. He seiged Palermo in 27 de mai.

By the end of July, the campaign in Sicilia was almost finished. Garibaldi then drove his attention to the continent. He crossed the estrech de Messina and, on 7 de setembre de 1860, he entered Nàpoles. With the help of Victor Emmanuel II, the Sicilians surrendered.

[Modificar] Garibaldi, lo rei de Sardenha, e los Estats Units

Garibaldi disliked the prime minister of Sardenha, Camillo di Cavour, and never really accepted the trade away of his hometown, Niça, to the French. But he liked the Sardenha monarch, Victor Emmanuel II, who, in Garibaldi's opinion, should be the liberator of Italy. When he met Victor Emmanuel II on 26 d'octobre de 1860 at Teano, Garibaldi called him Rei de l'Itàlia.

En 5 d'octobre Garibaldi created his International League, with soldiers from various nationalities, and a slogan: Free from the Alps to the Adriatic. Giuseppe Mazzini continued to agitate the republican ideal, and Garibaldi, frustrated by the king's inaction concerning the unification, organized a new venture. Now the objective was to take the Papal States.

When the Guèrra Civil Americana outbroke in 1861, Garibaldi volunteered to president Abraham Lincoln. But Lincoln refused, because Garibaldi had imposed two conditions: 1) the definitive abolishment of slavery, and, 2) that he would be given full command of the army. Both conditions were impossible to be attended.

[Modificar] Expedicion contra Roma

An expedition against the political domains del Papa was viewed with great distrust by Catholics around the world, and the French emperor Napoleon III granted the independence of Roma from Itàlia, by setting a garrison in Roma. Victor Emmanuel was also worried about this venture, but Garibaldi thought that he hed the secret support of the king.

Roma was only captured in 1870, after the Franco-Prussian War broke out, and French troops could not help the Papa against the Italian forces, who took the city without Garibaldi's assistance.

Garibaldi also helped the French Third Republic against the German troops, in 1870.

Garibaldi moriguèt en l'illa de Caprera, nel 2 de junh de 1882.

Wikimedia Commons prepausa de documents multimediá sus Giuseppe_Garibaldi.