Roman Republic

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The Roman Republic was a phase in history of the Ancient Roman Civilization. According to legend, the city of Rome was founded by Romulus in 753 BC. It was a kingdom until 510 BC, when the last King, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus was overthrown. With that date, the Roman Republic began.

The end of the republic is still a matter of dispute, different scholars will give different dates for it. It general, however, the dates of the First Triumvirate or the Second Triumvirate are given.

A very common choice is when Gaius Julius Caesar was appointed as dictator by the Senate of Rome. This happened after a series of civil wars that lasted from about 49 BC to the year 44 BC.

Another common choice is the date of the naval Battle of Actium (which was between Marcus Antonius and Octavian. It was fought on September 2, 31 BC). Octavian won. Later he was proclaimed Roman Emperor. For this reason this date is often given.

A third choice is the date, when Octavian was given the title Augustus. This was on January 16, 27 BC.

These are modern distinctions though. In the view of the early emperors, the res publica (what is translated to Republic) still existed. It was simply under their protection. Eventually, it would be restored to its original form.

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