Jupitera pavadoņi
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Jupitera pavadoņi – dabiskas izcelsmes liela izmēra kosmiskie ķermeņi, kas riņķo ap Jupiteru. Pašlaik ir zināmi 63 Jupitera pavadoņi; tas ir vislielākais pavadoņu skaits no visām Saules sistēmas planētām. Turklāt Jupiteram ir gredzenu sistēma.
1610. gadā Galileo Galilejs, novērojot Jupiteru ar teleskopu, atklāja četrus lielākos pavadoņus – Io, Eiropu, Ganimedu un Kallisto, kurus tagad sauc par Galileja pavadoņiem. Tie ir diezgan spoži un riņķo pa samērā attālām orbītām, kas ļauj tos labi novērot par ar lauku binokli.
Pateicoties Jupitera sistēmas noverojumiem no Zemes, jau 1970-to gadu beigās bija zināmi jau 13 pavadoņi. 1979. gadā, lidojot garām Jupiteram kosmiskās zondes „Voyager -1” un „Voyager-2” atklāja vēl 3 pavadoņus.
Sākot no 1999. gada, ar jaunākās paaudzes teleskopiem tika atklāti vēl 47 Jupitera pavadoņi, lielākā daļa no tiem ir 2-4 km diametrā.
[izmainīt šo sadaļu] Jupitera pavadoņu tabula:
(Galileja pavadoņi ir iekrāsoti violeta krāsā.)
Nosaukums |
Diametrs (km) | Masa (kg) | Orbītas rādiuss (km) | Orbītas periods (dienas) | Slīpums (°) (pret Jupitera ekvatoru) |
Ekscentriskums | Grupa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metīda | 43 | 1.2E+17 | 127 690 | 0.294780 | 0.000° | 0.0012 | Amalteja |
Adrasteja | 26×20×16 | 7.5E+15 | 128 690 | 0.29826 | 0.000° | 0.0018 | |
Amalteja | 262×146×134 | 2.1E+18 | 181 170 | 0.49817905 | 0.360° | 0.0031 | |
Tēbe | 110×90 | 1.5E+18 | 221 700 | 0.6745 | 0.901° | 0.0177 | |
Jo | 3660.0×3637.4×3630.6 | 8.9E+22 | 421 700 | 1.769137786 | 0.050° | 0.0041 | Galileja |
Eiropa | 3121.6 | 4.8E+22 | 671 034 | 3.551181041 | 0.471° | 0.0094 | |
Ganimēds | 5262.4 | 1.5E+23 | 1 070 412 | 7.15455296 | 0.204° | 0.0011 | |
Kallisto | 4820.6 | 1.1E+23 | 1 882 709 | 16.6890184 | 0.205° | 0.0074 | |
Temisto | 8 | 6.9E+14 | 7 391 645 | 129.827611 | 15.346° | 0.2006 | Temisto |
Lēda | 20 | 1.1E+16 | 11 097 245 | 238.824159 | 27.210° | 0.1854 | Himalija |
Himalija | 170 | 6.7E+18 | 11 432 435 | 249.726305 | 29.590° | 0.1443 | |
Līziteja | 36 | 6.3E+16 | 11 653 225 | 256.995413 | 25.771° | 0.1132 | |
Elara | 86 | 8.7E+17 | 11 683 115 | 257.984888 | 30.663° | 0.1723 | |
S/2000 J 11 | 4 | 9.0E+13 | 12 570 575 | 287.931046 | 26.169° | 0.2058 | |
Karpo | 3 | 4.5E+13 | 17 144 875 | 458.624818 | 55.098° | 0.2736 | Karpo |
S/2003 J 12 | 1 | 1.5E+12 | 17 739 540 | 482.691255 | 134.861° | 0.4449 | ? |
Eiporija | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 19 088 435 | 538.779839 | 131.854° | 0.0960 | Ananke? |
S/2003 J 3 | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 19 621 780 | 561.517739 | 111.592° | 0.2507 | |
S/2003 J 18 | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 19 812 575 | 569.728015 | 98.461° | 0.1570 | |
Telcine | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 20 453 755 | 597.606695 | 102.844° | 0.2685 | Ananke? |
Evante | 3 | 4.5E+13 | 20 464 855 | 598.093368 | 123.649° | 0.2000 | Ananke |
Helike | 4 | 9.0E+13 | 20 540 265 | 601.401918 | 120.908° | 0.1375 | Ananke? |
Ortose | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 20 567 970 | 602.619143 | 101.861° | 0.2433 | |
Jokaste | 5 | 1.9E+14 | 20 722 565 | 609.426611 | 127.043° | 0.2874 | Ananke |
S/2003 J 16 | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 20 743 780 | 610.362159 | 149.279° | 0.3185 | |
Ananke | 28 | 3.0E+16 | 20 815 225 | 613.518491 | 149.526° | 0.3963 | |
Praksidike | 7 | 4.3E+14 | 20 823 950 | 613.904099 | 132.099° | 0.1840 | |
Harpalike | 4 | 1.2E+14 | 21 063 815 | 624.541797 | 143.944° | 0.2441 | |
Hermipe | 4 | 9.0E+13 | 21 182 085 | 629.809040 | 149.058° | 0.2290 | Ananke? |
Tione | 4 | 9.0E+13 | 21 405 570 | 639.802554 | 116.088° | 0.2526 | Ananke |
Mneme | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 21 427 110 | 640.768660 | 147.647° | 0.2214 | |
S/2003 J 17 | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 22 134 305 | 672.751882 | 139.842° | 0.2379 | Karme |
Etne | 3 | 4.5E+13 | 22 285 160 | 679.641347 | 143.251° | 0.3927 | |
Kale | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 22 409 210 | 685.323873 | 133.342° | 0.2011 | |
Taigete | 5 | 1.6E+14 | 22 438 650 | 686.674715 | 140.521° | 0.3678 | |
S/2003 J 19 | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 22 709 060 | 699.124764 | 140.956° | 0.1961 | |
Kaldene | 4 | 7.5E+13 | 22 713 445 | 699.326904 | 119.572° | 0.2916 | |
S/2003 J 15 | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 22 721 000 | 699.676116 | 109.168° | 0.0932 | Ananke? |
S/2003 J 10 | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 22 730 815 | 700.129403 | 115.021° | 0.3438 | Karme? |
S/2003 J 23 | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 22 739 655 | 700.537990 | 137.576° | 0.3931 | Pasife |
Erinome | 3 | 4.5E+13 | 22 986 265 | 711.964625 | 143.354° | 0.2552 | Karme |
Ajede | 4 | 9.0E+13 | 23 044 175 | 714.656754 | 112.763° | 0.6012 | Pasife |
Kallikore | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 23 111 825 | 717.806112 | 141.240° | 0.2042 | Karme? |
Kalike | 5 | 1.9E+14 | 23 180 775 | 721.020662 | 137.125° | 0.2140 | Karme |
Evridome | 3 | 4.5E+13 | 23 230 860 | 723.358859 | 143.033° | 0.3770 | Pasife? |
S/2003 J 14 | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 23 238 595 | 723.720459 | 138.885° | 0.2462 | Pasife |
Pasiteja | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 23 307 320 | 726.932963 | 144.112° | 0.3289 | Karme |
Silleneja | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 23 396 270 | 731.098603 | 115.507° | 0.4116 | Pasife |
Eikelāde | 4 | 9.0E+13 | 23 483 695 | 735.199980 | 118.384° | 0.2829 | Karme |
S/2003 J 4 | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 23 570 790 | 739.293961 | 98.660° | 0.3003 | Pasife |
Hegemone | 3 | 4.5E+13 | 23 702 510 | 745.500007 | 150.314° | 0.4077 | |
Arkeja | 3 | 4.5E+13 | 23 717 050 | 746.185469 | 146.289° | 0.1492 | Karme |
Karme | 46 | 1.3E+17 | 23 734 465 | 747.008062 | 120.659° | 0.3122 | |
Isonoja | 4 | 7.5E+13 | 23 832 630 | 751.646937 | 118.554° | 0.1665 | |
S/2003 J 9 | 1 | 1.5E+12 | 23 857 810 | 752.838751 | 135.452° | 0.2762 | |
S/2003 J 5 | 4 | 9.0E+13 | 23 973 925 | 758.341296 | 117.922° | 0.3071 | |
Pasife | 60 | 3.0E+17 | 24 094 770 | 764.082032 | 143.037° | 0.2953 | Pasife |
Sinope | 38 | 7.5E+16 | 24 214 390 | 769.779665 | 146.657° | 0.2468 | |
Sponde | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 24 252 625 | 771.603566 | 112.409° | 0.4432 | |
Autonoja | 4 | 9.0E+13 | 24 264 445 | 772.167762 | 129.073° | 0.3690 | |
Kaliroja | 9 | 8.7E+14 | 24 356 030 | 776.543335 | 131.895° | 0.2644 | |
Megaklite | 5 | 2.1E+14 | 24 687 240 | 792.436947 | 143.760° | 0.3078 | |
S/2003 J 2 | 2 | 1.5E+13 | 30 290 845 | 1077.018006 | 151.523° | 0.1882 | ? |