സഹായം:To Read in Malayalam

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To Read in Malayalam
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On this page we will try to explain how to resolve problems when viewing the Malayalam pages. Malayalam Wikipedia uses Unicode to encode its pages. If you do not see Malayalam letters at all you may need a Malayalam Unicode Font, sections below explain the best options for various platforms.

If you see Malayalam letters but there are too many spelling mistakes your browser is probably not set up for Indic scripts. Please see "Setting up your browser for Indic scripts".

ഉള്ളടക്കം

[തിരുത്തുക] For Microsoft Windows users:

If you have Windows XP with the SP2 update, you already have a working system. The Kartika font which comes with the SP2 update is a decent font. Please do not install the Thoolika font mentioned below.

The most likely reason why you cannot see anything on the Malayalam Wikipedia is that you do not have a font that supports the Malayalam Unicode range. If you can see some letters, but there are too many errors, you probably have a font with poor support for Malayalam Unicode. Perhaps the best fonts available are rachana by K.H.Hussain Anjali Oldlipi by Kevin and Thoolika Unicode fonts produced by Supersoft in Thiruvananthapuram. They work almost perfectly in Windows 95/98, ME, 2000, and XP (especially with Internet Explorer 5 or over). Please download the fonts by following the links above and install them. To install, open "Fonts" from Control Panel. If you are planning to use the Thoolika font, please read the "Important note to users of Thoolika font" below before you change anything.

[തിരുത്തുക] Internet Explorer users:

If you were able to see some letters, you will need to change the font Internet Explorer uses for showing Malayalam Unicode. To do this pull down Tools from the menubar in Internet Explorer and follow Internet Options..., click on Fonts (button). Choose Malayalam in Language script first, and choose a Unicode font (AnjaliOlpLipi, Thoolika, Rachana, Karthika etc) in the Web page font box. Restart Internet Explorer if it doesn't work the first time around.

[തിരുത്തുക] Mozilla users:

It seems you need to turn on "Indic" support in Windows 2000. To do this, go to Control Panel in your computer, double click on Regional Options. In General Tab, language settings for the system, check the Indic box and click OK. You may need to restart the machine after doing this. In Windows XP, go to Control Panel in your computer, double click Regional and Language Options, select Languages Tab, under supplemental language support, check the box to install files for complex script and click OK. (Can somebody please confirm this?). In case you are still not able to see Malayalam letters properly in Mozilla, you should select the font Mozilla uses for Unicode by opening from Mozilla's menu bar Edit->Preferences->Appearance->Fonts. Choose "Fonts for:" as Unicode and all typefaces as Rachana_w01 or ThoolikaUnicode.

[തിരുത്തുക] Firefox Users

AnjaliOldlipi works excellent on Firefox. To use it as default font to display Malayalam and Other Languages [from Tools menu > Options item > Content tab > Fonts & Colors section > Advanced button > Select "Malayalam" and set Anjali as font for serif/san-serif/monospace, do the same for Other Languages also.

[തിരുത്തുക] Important note to users of Thoolika font

Be warned that even with this setup you will notice some "errors". These are mostly because of problems with the way Windows and Thoolika font handles Malayalam Unicode. The most jarring error is with chillaksharams which get rendered as base letter and chandrakkala. Please DO NOT attempt to "correct" this. You will be introducing errors by doing so. Note that Windows XP users with SP2 update will not have this problem if they use Kartika font.

[തിരുത്തുക] Issue of Kerala Kaumudi Thoolika.ttf

If you have also installed Thoolika.ttf from http://www.keralakaumudi.com/ you may still face problems. Try changing the font setting of your browser. If that does not fix it the problem can be corrected by uninstalling Kerala Kaumudi Thoolika font.

[തിരുത്തുക] For users of GNU/Linux:

Under Debian GNU/Linux and Ubuntu, installing the package "ttf-malayalam-fonts" will allow the pages to be displayed correctly in mozilla, and presumably other browsers.

Under Fedora and Gentoo you can use the Lohit-Fonts which contain True-Type fonts for Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, and Telugu. The source-package name is fonts-indic.

For other distributions, if you use FreeType, you can download the Thoolika Unicode fonts and put them in a directory that holds your TTF fonts. Now restart Mozilla and text should work.

There is an XFree86 keyboard, named ml, that you can load (XF 4.3.* and up) with: setxkbmap 'us,ml' -option 'grp:shift_toggle'
You can use another latin layout than 'us' if you want, but you must define one, or you will be in trouble if you can't type any ascii :) the 'shift_toggle' part defines that both shift keys pressed simultaneously toggle between latin and malayalam, there are other choices possible, look at /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/group for a full list.
Once you are satisfied, you can make the choice permanent, put "us,ml" as value for XkbLayout and "grp:shift_toggle" (or wathever your grp:xxx choice is) as valuefor XkbOptions in /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 file (if you use Mandrake GNU/Linux you can simply choose "malayalam keyboard" on the graphical keyboard configuration tool).

Note that both on KDE and on Gnome you can activate an applet for the system tray that allows you to change between various keybord layouts with one mousecklick.

So you can type directly in malayalam and in UTF-8 from GNU/Linux. The rendering depends on the programs; Gtk2 and Qt 3.2 render correctly; others (among them, mozilla) render incorrectly, but are still readable (letters are not properly shaped, but each separate letter is displayed, so typing and editing directly in mozilla is possible, and maybe easier than doing cut and paste)
Konqueror from KDE 3.2 may have proper rendering, allowing you to type and have proper rendering at the same time, but not it has not been tested.

Another easier option is to install yudit[1].yudit supports most indic languages. a howto is below explaining: Installing Font in Gnome,Kde and X in general:

In Gnome: GNOME is a versatile Desktop Environment with native pango support which means better rendering in-built.

  • In Gnome,drag n drop your font to nautilus window.before,nautilus should be in Fonts:/// directory(press CTRL+L,enter fonts:/// ).

Now press CTRL+ALT+BKSPACE to restart X and gdm.next time the font is available for local user and installed in ~/.fonts/ directory.

Installing truetype fonts in X in general and also for Gnome:

  • there are other ways to make font available to all users of the system in Gnome or X itself.I am taking Debian/Ubuntu as example,but works for any distro too.for redhat/fedora and Suse or most distros this works.rpm based distros got a tool called chkfontpath which is very useful.

Now,you need to use CLI or terminal for implementing this.firstly:

"apt-get install ttmkfdir" using apt.

then go to /usr/share/fonts/truetype/hindi/ -where font is installed. You need to be root user for installing fonts globally.for that in a terminal, su [press enter] <give your root password> or sudo [press enter] <give your local password> sudo is used in Ubuntu Linux by default.


then as root(:~# stands for root prompt,dont copy that),

~# ttmkfdir> fonts.scale
~#mkfontscale
~# ttmkfdir >fonts.dir
~#mkfontdir
~#xset fp+ /usr/share/fonts/truetype/hindi/
~#xset fp rehash

now do a,

~#fc-cache -fv

restart Display(X) or reboot.As /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ directory is already mapped in Xorg for fonts.(see /etc/X11/fs/config). Now the font can be used by every users. Kde is the most used Desktop Environment in GNU/Linux and *NIX's too:

  • In KDE Control Center (kcontrol), select System Administration -> Font Installer, and add the downloaded font
  • You may need to logout and login back
  • For Transliteration in GNU/Linux and *BSDs,we can use a software called yudit.otherwise you can compile from source the Varamozhi Transliteration tool for Malayalam.

[തിരുത്തുക] More Info

Setting up your browser for Indic scripts

Wikipedia:Kannada Support

To get more information on how to install fonts, go to this page on the Unicode organization's website. http://www.unicode.org/help/display_problems.html

For any further help, please leave a message in any of the following talk pages:

Sunil's Talk Page
Praveen's Talk Page
Shiju's Talk Page
Jacob's Talk Page
Manjithkaini's Talk Page
Peringz' Talk Page
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